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Timeline of Solar System exploration#1970s

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

{{About|listing events in a comprehensive list|a timeline of first-ever achievements|Timeline of space exploration}}

File:Timeline of Solar System exploration.jpg

This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordering events in the exploration of the Solar System by date of spacecraft launch.

It includes:

  • All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes.
  • A small number of pioneering or notable Earth-orbiting craft.{{Vague|date=April 2019}}

It does not include:

  • Centuries of terrestrial telescopic observation.
  • The great majority of Earth-orbiting satellites.
  • Space probes leaving Earth orbit that are not concerned with Solar System exploration (such as space telescopes targeted at distant galaxies, cosmic background radiation observatories, and so on).
  • Probes that failed at launch.

The dates listed are launch dates, but the achievements noted may have occurred some time later{{mdash}}in some cases, a considerable time later (for example, Voyager 2, launched 20 August 1977, did not reach Neptune until 1989).

1950s

File:Sputnik asm.jpg – First Earth orbiter]]

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!Mission name

!Launch date

!Description

!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Sputnik 1

|4 October 1957

|First Earth orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-001B|title=Sputnik 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=8 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708130337/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-001B|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Sputnik|title=Sputnik {{!}} satellites|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414164253/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Sputnik|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Sputnik 2

|3 November 1957

|Earth orbiter, first animal in orbit, a dog named Laika

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-002A|title=Sputnik 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=29 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529081812/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-002A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/60-years-ago-the-first-animal-in-orbit|title=60 years ago: The First Animal in Orbit|last=Garcia|first=Mark|date=2017-11-06|website=NASA|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415202041/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/60-years-ago-the-first-animal-in-orbit/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Explorer 1

|1 February 1958

|Earth orbiter; discovered Van Allen radiation belts

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1958-001A|title=Explorer 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527180242/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1958-001A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Vanguard 1

|17 March 1958

|Earth orbiter; oldest spacecraft still in Earth orbit

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1958-002B|title=Vanguard 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213061610/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1958-002B|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 1

|2 January 1959

|First lunar flyby (attempted lunar impact?); first artificial satellite in heliocentric orbit.

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-012A|title=Luna 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=2 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602031816/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-012A|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3xxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46|title=The Race to the Moon Chronicled in Stamps, Postcards, and Postmarks: A Story of Puffery vs. the Pragmatic|last=Cavallaro|first=Umberto|date=2018-10-05|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319921532|pages=46|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgl_C0XrKTUC&pg=PA77|title=Soviet Robots in the Solar System: Mission Technologies and Discoveries|last1=JR|first1=Wesley T. Huntress|last2=Marov|first2=Mikhail Ya|date=2011-06-28|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781441978981|pages=77|language=en|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220007/https://books.google.com/books?id=rgl_C0XrKTUC&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Luna-space-probe|title=Luna {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415211118/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Luna-space-probe|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 4

|3 March 1959

|Lunar flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-013A|title=Pioneer 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=23 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223035908/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1959-013A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=14 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220337/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-4/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 2

|12 September 1959

|First extraterrestrial impact and lunar impact, First artificial object on Moon

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-014A|title=Luna 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=25 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825003339/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-014A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 3

|4 October 1959

|Lunar flyby; First images of another celestial body taken from space, most notably, the far side of Moon

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-008A|title=Luna 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604001110/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-008A|url-status=live}}

1960s

File:Vostok spacecraft.jpg – First crewed Earth orbiter]]

File:Mariner 2.jpg – First successful Venus flyby]]

File:Mariner 3 and 4.jpg – First successful Mars flyby]]

Image:Luna-9-1.jpg – First successful lunar lander]]

File:Zond L1 drawing.svg – First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first terrestrials to circle the Moon]]

Image:Ap8-S68-56310.jpg – First crewed lunar orbiter]]

File:Aldrin Looks Back at Tranquility Base - GPN-2000-001102.jpg – First crewed lunar landing]]

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Mission name

!Launch date

!Description

!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 5

|11 March 1960

|Interplanetary space investigations

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1960-001A|title=Pioneer 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803093004/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1960-001A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=14 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220335/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-5/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 1

|12 February 1961

|First probe to another planet; Venus flyby (contact lost before flyby)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-003A|title=Venera 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126124517/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-003A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Venera|title=Venera {{!}} Soviet space probes|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415202029/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Venera|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHKPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1649|title=The New York Times Almanac 2002|last=Wright|first=John|date=2006-05-23|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135455866|pages=1649|language=en|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220104/https://books.google.com/books?id=SHKPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1649#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Vostok 1

|12 April 1961

|First crewed Earth orbiter (Yuri Gagarin)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-012A|title=Vostok 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415202033/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-012A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Vostok-Soviet-spacecraft|title=Vostok {{!}} Soviet spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=3 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203010153/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vostok-Soviet-spacecraft|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 1

|23 August 1961

|Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-021A|title=Ranger 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305200519/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1961-021A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 1|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=15 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220333/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Ranger-space-probe|title=Ranger {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220328/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Ranger-space-probe|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 2

|18 November 1961

|Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-032A|title=Ranger 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=22 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222151328/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1961-032A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 2|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=15 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220336/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 3

|26 January 1962

|Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-001A|title=Ranger 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108223625/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1962-001A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 3|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220333/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-3/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 4

|23 April 1962

|Lunar impact (but unintentionally became the first spacecraft to hit the lunar farside and returned no data)

|{{cite journal|last1=Williamson|first1=Mark|year=1998|title=Protecting the space environment: Are we doing enough?|journal=Space Policy|volume=14|issue=1|pages=5–8|doi=10.1016/S0265-9646(97)00038-6}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-012A|title=Ranger 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629120238/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-012A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220328/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-4/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 2

|27 August 1962

|First successful planetary encounter, First successful Venus flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-041A|title=Mariner 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220330/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-041A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-02/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 02|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220328/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-02/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/missions-to-venus-mercury.html|title=Missions to Venus and Mercury|website=www.planetary.org|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414210822/http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/missions-to-venus-mercury.html|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 5

|18 October 1962

|Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-055A|title=Ranger 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=12 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412185622/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1962-055A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220329/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-5/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 1

|1 November 1962

|First probe to Mars: flyby (contact lost)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-061A|title=Mars 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109215750/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-061A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-01/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 01|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626143353/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-01/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 4

|2 April 1963

|Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-008B|title=Luna 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210023810/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-008B|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-04/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Luna 04|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217224748/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-04/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Cosmos 21

|11 November 1963

|Attempted Venera test flight?

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-044A|title=Cosmos 21|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210023808/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-044A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 6

|30 January 1964

|Lunar impact (cameras failed)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-007A|title=Ranger 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417124414/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-007A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-6/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 6|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220332/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-6/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 1

|2 April 1964

|Venus flyby (contact lost)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-016D|title=Zond 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231445/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-016D|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 1|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327201931/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-1/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Zond|title=Zond {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808111717/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Zond|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 7

|28 July 1964

|Lunar impact (success)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-041A|title=Ranger 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720191314/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-041A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-7/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 7|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220340/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-7/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/ra7_b001.html|title=Image of the Moon taken by a Ranger 7|website=NSAS NSSDC Image Catalog|access-date=2020-09-07|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325042030/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/ra7_b001.html|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Voskhod 1

|12 October 1964

|First orbiter with multimember crew

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-065A|title=Voskhod 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=19 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519110817/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-065A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Voskhod-spacecraft|title=Voskhod {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505173158/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Voskhod-spacecraft|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 3

|5 November 1964

|Attempted Mars flyby (failed to attain correct trajectory)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-073A|title=Mariner 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=23 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623013205/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-073A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-03/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 03|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220334/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-03/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 4

|28 November 1964

|First successful Mars flyby (taking the first close-up image of another planet){{cite web | title=Attempt to Take Pictures of Black Space Scrubbed | website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) | date=August 21, 1965 | url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/attempt-to-take-pictures-of-black-space-scrubbed/ | access-date=April 15, 2025}}

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-077A|title=Mariner 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904174225/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1964-077A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-04/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 04|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220338/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-04/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 2

|30 November 1964

|Mars flyby (contact lost)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-078C|title=Zond 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227140350/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1964-078C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 2|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214828/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-2/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 8

|17 February 1965

|Lunar impact

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-010A|title=Ranger 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915132854/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-010A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-8/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 8|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220335/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-8/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Voskhod 2

|18 March 1965

|First space walk, by Alexei Leonov

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-022A|title=Voskhod 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514152511/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-022A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Ranger 9

|21 March 1965

|Lunar impact

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-023A|title=Ranger 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417135915/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-023A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-9/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 9|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220342/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-9/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1

|6 May 1965

|Oldest spacecraft still in use{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-034C|title=LCS 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809093802/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-034C|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 5

|9 May 1965

|Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-036A|title=Luna 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417115719/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-036A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 6

|8 June 1965

|Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-044A|title=Luna 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210023910/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-044A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 3

|18 July 1965

|Lunar flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-056A|title=Zond 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319080557/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-056A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 3|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624113127/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-3/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 7

|4 October 1965

|Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-077A|title=Luna 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417154612/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-077A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 2

|12 November 1965

|Venus flyby (contact lost)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-091A|title=Venera 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231450/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1965-091A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 3

|16 November 1965

|Venus lander (contact lost) – First spacecraft to reach another planet's atmosphere and surface, First Venus impact

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-092A|title=Venera 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144533/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-092A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 8

|3 December 1965

|Lunar impact (attempted soft landing?)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-099A|title=Luna 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417114928/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-099A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 6

|16 December 1965

|"Space weather" observations

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-105A|title=Pioneer 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804074923/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-105A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-06/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 06|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626082531/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-06/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|title=Space Exploration and Humanity: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia|last=American Astronautical Society|date=2010-08-23|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851095193|pages=244|language=en|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220113/https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 9

|31 January 1966

|First extraterrestrial lander and lunar lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-006A|title=Luna 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417154714/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-006A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 10

|31 March 1966

|First extraterrestrial orbiter (except heliocentric) and first lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-027A|title=Luna 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=27 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727112359/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-027A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 1

|30 May 1966

|Lunar lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-045A|title=Surveyor 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927153246/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-045A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Surveyor-space-probe|title=Surveyor {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808111618/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Surveyor-space-probe|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 1|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210222141/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Explorer 33

|1 July 1966

|Attempted lunar orbiter (failed to attain lunar orbit)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-058A|title=Explorer 33|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214081129/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-058A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/explorer-33/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Explorer 33|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714014655/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/explorer-33/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 1

|10 August 1966

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-073A|title=Lunar Orbiter 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807023134/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-073A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 1|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115031713/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Lunar-Orbiter|title=Lunar Orbiter {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808112226/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Lunar-Orbiter|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 7

|17 August 1966

|"Space weather" observations

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-075A|title=Pioneer 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210024103/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-075A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-07/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 07|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626213136/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-07/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 11

|24 August 1966

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-078A|title=Luna 11|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417114032/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-078A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 2

|20 September 1966

|Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-084A|title=Surveyor 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103211/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-084A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 2|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232707/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 12

|22 October 1966

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-094A|title=Luna 12|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417123124/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-094A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 2

|6 November 1966

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-100A|title=Lunar Orbiter 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417115006/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-100A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 2|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=23 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123210106/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 13

|21 December 1966

|Lunar lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-116A|title=Luna 13|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122012645/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-116A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 3

|5 February 1967

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-008A|title=Lunar Orbiter 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417154335/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-008A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 3|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232703/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-3/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 3

|17 April 1967

|Lunar lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-035A|title=Surveyor 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904165614/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-035A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 3|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=19 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119082245/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-3/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 4

|4 May 1967

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-041A|title=Lunar Orbiter 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417143629/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-041A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232712/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-4/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 4

|12 June 1967

|First functioning extraterrestrial atmospheric probe (Venus)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-058A|title=Venera 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144526/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-058A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 5

|14 June 1967

|Venus flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-060A|title=Mariner 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108205835/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1967-060A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-05/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 05|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407112813/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-05/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 4

|14 July 1967

|Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-068A|title=Surveyor 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103155/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-068A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232709/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-4/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Explorer 35 (IMP-E)

|19 July 1967

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-070A|title=Explorer 35|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417121455/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-070A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Orbiter 5

|1 August 1967

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-075A|title=Lunar Orbiter 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417141357/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-075A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232701/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-5/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 5

|8 September 1967

|Lunar lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-084A|title=Surveyor 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103223/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-084A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232706/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-5/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 6

|7 November 1967

|Lunar lander, first lift-off from an extraterrestrial body

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-112A|title=Surveyor 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103234/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-112A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-6/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 6|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232701/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-6/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 4

|9 November 1967

|Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-113A|title=Apollo 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119052637/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-113A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 8

|13 December 1967

|"Space weather" observations

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-123A|title=Pioneer 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629120152/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-123A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-08/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 08|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626213132/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-08/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Surveyor 7

|7 January 1968

|Lunar lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-001A|title=Surveyor 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103251/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-001A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-7/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 7|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232701/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-7/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 5

| 22 January 1968

|Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-007A|title=Apollo 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308001700/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1968-007A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-007B|title=Apollo 5 LM-1/Descent|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809203830/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-007B|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 4

|2 March 1968

|Lunar programme test flight out of Earth orbit (uncrewed)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-013A|title=Zond 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210030817/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-013A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128210046/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-4/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-zond-4-launched-successfully|title=50 Years Ago: Zond 4 launched successfully.|last=Wong|first=Michael|date=2018-03-06|website=NASA|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529045047/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-zond-4-launched-successfully/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 14

|7 April 1968

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-027A|title=Luna 14|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417135601/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-027A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 5

|14 September 1968

|First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first life forms to circle the Moon

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-076A|title=Zond 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629021123/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-076A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221015504/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-5/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-on-the-way-to-the-moon-0|title=50 Years Ago: On the Way to the Moon|last=Mars|first=Kelli|date=2018-09-18|website=NASA|access-date=2019-04-16|quote=the first living organisms to have made a circumlunar flight|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183933/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-on-the-way-to-the-moon-0/|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LgfkBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|title=Planetary Landscapes|last=Greeley|first=R.|date=2013-04-17|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781475722932|pages=20|language=en|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220008/https://books.google.com/books?id=LgfkBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 7

| 11 October 1968

|Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (crewed)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-089A|title=Apollo 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028121418/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-089A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Apollo-space-program|title=Apollo {{!}} History, Missions, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415171530/https://www.britannica.com/science/Apollo-space-program|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 9

|8 November 1968

|"Space weather" observations

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-100A|title=Pioneer 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210024400/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-100A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-09/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 09|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626135451/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-09/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 6

|10 November 1968

|Lunar flyby and return to Earth

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-101A|title=Zond 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404021615/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-101A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-6/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 6|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221015503/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-6/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 8

|21 December 1968

|First crewed spacecraft to leave Earth orbit, first crewed lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-118A|title=Apollo 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210024424/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-118A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-8/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 8|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091025/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-8/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 5

|5 January 1969

|Venus atmospheric probe

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-001A|title=Venera 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144545/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-001A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 6

|10 January 1969

|Venus atmospheric probe

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-002A|title=Venera 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144537/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-002A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 6

|25 February 1969

|Mars flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-014A|title=Mariner 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714112749/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-014A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-06/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 06|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407185450/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-06/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 9

|3 March 1969

|Crewed lunar lander (LEM) flight test in Earth orbit

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-018A|title=Apollo 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=8 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308005117/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-018A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 7

|27 March 1969

|Mars flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-030A|title=Mariner 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227065600/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1969-030A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-07/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 07|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=25 January 2018 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207031902/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-07/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 10

|18 May 1969

|Crewed lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-043A|title=Apollo 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=29 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429070929/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-043A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-10/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 10|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091021/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-10/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 15

|13 July 1969

|Second attempted lunar sample return

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-058A|title=Luna 15|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417155543/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-058A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-15/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Luna 15|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410114541/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-15/in-depth|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 11

|16 July 1969

|First crewed lunar landing and first successful sample return mission

|{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-11|title=Apollo 11 {{!}} Facts & Pictures|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330150833/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-11|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-11/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 11|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091023/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-11/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059A|title=Apollo 11 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210000804/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059C|title=Apollo 11 Lunar Module / EASEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210000821/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/samples/|title=Apollo 11 Lunar Sample Overview|website=www.lpi.usra.edu|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909154147/https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/samples/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 7

|7 August 1969

|Lunar flyby and return to Earth

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-067A|title=Zond 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=30 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630014131/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-067A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-7/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 7|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729213516/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-7/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 12

|14 November 1969

|Crewed lunar landing

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099A|title=Apollo 12 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418163112/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099C|title=Apollo 12 Lunar Module / ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715212816/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-12/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 12|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091022/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-12/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

1970s

File:Mars3 lander vsm.jpg – First Mars lander]]

File:Pioneer 10 at Jupiter.jpg – First Jupiter flyby]]

File:Mariner 10.jpg – First Mercury flyby]]

File:Voyager spacecraft.jpg – First Uranus/first Neptune flyby]]

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Mission name

!Launch date

!Description

!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 13

|11 April 1970

|Crewed lunar flyby and return to Earth (crewed lunar landing aborted). Farthest from Earth a human has gone (401,056 km)

|{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-13-mission|title=Apollo 13 {{!}} United States spaceflight|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=5 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105132700/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-13-mission|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-029A|title=Apollo 13 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407223412/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-029A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-029C|title=Apollo 13 Lunar Module/ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019204208/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-029C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-13/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 13|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103135/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-13/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 7

|17 August 1970

|First Venus lander and the first spacecraft to "soft" land on another planet (with some data returned from the surface)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-060A|title=Venera 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411083507/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-060A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-7/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 7|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626174306/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-7/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 16

|12 September 1970

|First robotic lunar sample return

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-072A|title=Luna 16|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524155024/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-072A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Zond 8

|20 October 1970

|Lunar flyby and return to Earth

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-088A|title=Zond 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210024732/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-088A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-8/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 8|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217231516/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-8/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 17/Lunokhod 1

|10 November 1970

|First remote controlled rover

|{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/35090-lunokhod-1.html|title=Lunokhod 1: 1st Successful Lunar Rover|last=Howell|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-12-20|website=Space.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215235522/https://www.space.com/35090-lunokhod-1.html|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 14

|31 January 1971

|Crewed lunar landing

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008A|title=Apollo 14 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=31 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131000015/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008C|title=Apollo 14 Lunar Module /ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904170044/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-14/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 14|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103133/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-14/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Salyut 1

|19 April 1971

|First space station

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-032A|title=Salyut 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805120622/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-032A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Salyut|title=Salyut {{!}} History & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420085637/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Salyut|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 2

|19 May 1971

|First Mars impact, Mars orbiter and attempted lander; First rover (Prop-M) sent to another planet (Mars)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045A|title=Mars 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144533/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045D|title=Mars 2 Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615142210/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045D|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-02/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 02|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417185110/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-02/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ieiqjz_pxQYC&pg=PT428|title=Space and Defense Policy|last1=Coletta|first1=Damon|last2=Pilch|first2=Frances T.|date=2009-10-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135969653|pages=428|language=en|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220008/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ieiqjz_pxQYC&pg=PT428#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnrQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA219|title=Next Stop Mars: The Why, How, and When of Human Missions|last=Genta|first=Giancarlo|date=2016-12-30|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319443119|pages=219|language=en|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220113/https://books.google.com/books?id=HnrQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA219#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 3

|28 May 1971

|Mars orbiter (arrived after Mariner 9); First Mars lander (first image taken from the surface of another planet, though the received image did not show anything); First rover (Prop-M) to be landed but not deployed on another planet (Mars)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049A|title=Mars 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144519/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F|title=Mars 3 Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405111519/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-03/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 03|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417185116/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-03/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mars-planet|title=Mars - Spacecraft exploration|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712051630/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mars-planet|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/1463/nasa-mars-orbiter-images-may-show-1971-soviet-lander|title=NASA Mars Orbiter Images May Show 1971 Soviet Lander|website=NASA’s Mars Exploration Program|language=en|access-date=2019-04-17|quote=Mars 3 became the first successful soft landing on the Red Planet, but stopped transmitting after just 14.5 seconds for unknown reasons.|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417185117/https://mars.nasa.gov/news/1463/nasa-mars-orbiter-images-may-show-1971-soviet-lander/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 9

|30 May 1971

|First to orbit another planet (Mars)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-051A|title=Mariner 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502162700/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-051A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-09/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 09|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502200358/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-09/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 15

|26 July 1971

|Crewed lunar landing; First crewed lunar rover

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063A|title=Apollo 15 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423140232/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063C|title=Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417131101/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-15/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 15|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103139/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-15/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 18

|2 September 1971

|Attempted lunar sample return (crashed into Moon)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-073A|title=Luna 18|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417160222/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-073A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-18/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Luna 18|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415211121/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-18/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 19

|28 September 1971

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-082A|title=Luna 19|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417113607/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-082A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 20

|14 February 1972

|Lunar robotic sample return

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-007A|title=Luna 20|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629120209/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-007A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 10

|3 March 1972

|First Jupiter flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-012A|title=Pioneer 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214222149/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1972-012A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-10/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 10|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531205857/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-10/in-depth|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Pioneer-space-probes|title=Pioneer {{!}} space probes|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401195513/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Pioneer-space-probes|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 8

|27 March 1972

|Venus lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-021A|title=Venera 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=20 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420132524/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-021A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-8/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 8|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=31 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531062027/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-8/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 16

|16 April 1972

|Crewed lunar landing

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031A|title=Apollo 16 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210030922/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031C|title=Apollo 16 Lunar Module /ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417165316/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-16/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 16|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103137/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-16/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Apollo 17

|7 December 1972

|Last crewed lunar landing

|{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Apollo-17|title=Apollo 17 {{!}} Overview & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103134/https://www.britannica.com/event/Apollo-17|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096A|title=Apollo 17 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=9 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409203733/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096C|title=Apollo 17 Lunar Module /ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417135058/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-17/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 17|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103137/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-17/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 21/Lunokhod 2

|8 January 1973

|Lunar rover

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-001A|title=Luna 21/Lunokhod 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144538/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-001A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer 11

|5 April 1973

|Jupiter flyby and First Saturn flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-019A|title=Pioneer 11|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613104823/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-019A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-11/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 11|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504163956/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-11/in-depth|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Explorer 49 (RAE-B)

|10 June 1973

|Lunar orbiter/radio astronomy

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-039A|title=RAE-B|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417130404/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-039A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/explorer-49/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Explorer 49|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417223646/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/explorer-49/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 4

|21 July 1973

|Mars flyby (attempted Mars orbiter)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-047A|title=Mars 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227005406/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-047A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-04/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 04|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162246/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-04/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 5

|25 July 1973

|Mars orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-049A|title=Mars 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511123135/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-049A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-05/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 05|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162254/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-05/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 6

|5 August 1973

|Mars flyby and attempted lander (failed due to damage on Mars landing)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-052A|title=Mars 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227064416/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-052A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-06/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 06|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162248/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-06/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mars 7

|9 August 1973

|Mars flyby and attempted lander (missed Mars)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-053A|title=Mars 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=24 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324131810/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-053A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-07/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 07|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162246/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-07/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mariner 10

|3 November 1973

|Lunar and Venus flybys in addition to the First Mercury flyby

|{{Cite web | url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/ch5.htm | title=Ch5 | access-date=14 July 2019 | archive-date=24 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124091059/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/ch5.htm | url-status=live }}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-085A|title=Mariner 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908063158/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-085A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-10/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 10|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217235127/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-10/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Mariner|title=Mariner {{!}} United States space probes|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329224759/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Mariner|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 22

|29 May 1974

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-037A|title=Luna 22|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417122342/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-037A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 23

|28 October 1974

|Attempted lunar sample return (failed due to damage on lunar landing)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-084A|title=Luna 23|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417131927/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-084A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|West Germany}} Helios-A

|10 December 1974

|Solar observations

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-097A|title=Helios-A|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629064635/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-097A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/helios-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Helios 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200454/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/helios-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 9

|8 June 1975

|First Venus orbiter and lander; First successful images from the surface of another planet (Venus)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-050A|title=Venera 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905103111/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-050A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-050D|title=Venera 9 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144540/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-050D|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-9/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 9|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501141914/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-9/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 10

|14 June 1975

|Venus orbiter and lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-054A|title=Venera 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905103115/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-054A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-054D|title=Venera 10 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803112940/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-054D|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-10/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 10|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124130345/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-10/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Viking 1

|20 August 1975

|Mars orbiter and lander; First clear pictures from Martian surface

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-075A|title=Viking 1 Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412074611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-075A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-075C|title=Viking 1 Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162242/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-075C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/viking-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Viking 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=6 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162250/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/viking-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Viking-space-probe|title=Viking {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415202031/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Viking-space-probe|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Viking 2

|9 September 1975

|Mars orbiter and lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-083A|title=Viking 2 Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219174856/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-083A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-083C|title=Viking 2 Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219180145/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-083C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/viking-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Viking 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=6 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162252/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/viking-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|West Germany}} Helios-B

|15 January 1976

|Solar observations

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-003A|title=Helios-B|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427133359/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-003A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/177|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200451/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/177/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-04-18|title=Helios 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-18}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Luna 24

|9 August 1976

|Lunar robotic sample return

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-081A|title=Luna 24|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144528/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-081A|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Voyager 2

|20 August 1977

|Jupiter/Saturn/first Uranus/first Neptune flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-076A|title=Voyager 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131044213/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1977-076A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Voyager 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200459/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Voyager-space-probes|title=Voyager {{!}} Definition, Discoveries, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331234919/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Voyager-space-probes|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Voyager 1

|5 September 1977

|Jupiter/Saturn flyby, first to exit the heliosphere

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A|title=Voyager 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221222640/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Voyager 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=6 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200451/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer Venus 1

|20 May 1978

|Venus orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-051A|title=Pioneer Venus Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210001333/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-051A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer Venus 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162246/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Pioneer Venus 2

|8 August 1978

|Venus atmospheric probes

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-078A|title=Pioneer Venus Probe Bus|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=26 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051118/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer Venus 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162242/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} 23px ISEE-3

|12 August 1978

|Solar wind investigations; later redesignated International Cometary Explorer and performed Comet Giacobini-Zinner and Comet Halley flybys – First comet flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-079A|title=ISEE 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=7 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607162433/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-079A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/isee-3-ice/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} ISEE-3/ICE|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200503/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/isee-3-ice/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/ice.html|title=ISEE-3/ICE|website=stardust.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214205/https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/ice.html|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 11

|9 September 1978

|Venus flyby and lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-084A|title=Venera 11|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231122/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-084A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-084D|title=Venera 11 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627182436/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-084D|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-11/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 11|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109215614/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-11/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 12

|14 September 1978

|Venus flyby and lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-086A|title=Venera 12|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231545/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-086A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-086C|title=Venera 12 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181039/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-086C|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-12/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 12|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109222430/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-12/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

1980s

File:Artwork Galileo-Io-Jupiter.JPG – Mission to Jupiter]]

{{sticky header}}

class="wikitable sticky-header"

|+

Mission name

!Launch date

!Description

!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 13

|30 October 1981

|Venus flyby and lander. First recording of sound on another planet.

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-106A|title=Venera 13|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231550/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1981-106A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-106D|title=Venera 13 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728002423/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-106D|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-13/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 13|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728154021/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-13/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 14

|4 November 1981

|Venus flyby and lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-110A|title=Venera 14|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231127/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1981-110A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-110D|title=Venera 14 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319201308/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-110D|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-14/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 14|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305050512/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-14/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 15

|2 June 1983

|Venus orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-053A|title=Venera 15|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043618/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-053A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-15/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 15|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807110711/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-15/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Venera 16

|7 June 1983

|Venus orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-054A|title=Venera 16|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210025456/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-054A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-16/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 16|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205124738/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-16/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Vega 1

|15 December 1984

|Venus flyby, lander and first extraterrestrial aircraft (aerostat balloon); continued on to Comet Halley flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125A|title=Vega 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220003457/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1984-125A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125E|title=Vega 1 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803192848/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125E|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125F|title=Vega 1 Balloon|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803095833/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125F|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/vega-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Vega 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214206/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/vega-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/vega.html|title=Vega 1 & 2|website=stardust.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=24 October 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971024220939/https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/vega.html|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Vega 2

|21 December 1984

|Venus flyby, lander and balloon; continued on to Comet Halley flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128A|title=Vega 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115160634/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1984-128A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128E|title=Vega 2 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803115036/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128E|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128F|title=Vega 2 Balloon|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214207/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128F|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/vega-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Vega 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214209/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/vega-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} Sakigake

|8 January 1985

|Comet Halley flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-001A|title=Sakigake|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220003439/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1985-001A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/sakigake/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Sakigake|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417155851/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/sakigake/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

23px Giotto

|2 July 1985

|First close observation of comet (distance 596 kilometers), Comet Halley flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-056A|title=Giotto|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619210359/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1985-056A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/giotto/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Giotto|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214212/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/giotto/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/giotto.html|title=Giotto|website=stardust.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214208/https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/giotto.html|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} Suisei (Planet-A)

|18 August 1985

|Comet Halley flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-073A|title=Suisei|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428163757/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-073A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/suisei/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Suisei|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214218/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/suisei/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Mir

|19 February 1986

|First modular space station (operational 1986–2000; final module added 1996)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1986-017A|title=Mir|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619210408/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1986-017A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mir-Soviet-Russian-space-station|title=Mir {{!}} Description, Launch, History, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905184839/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mir-Soviet-Russian-space-station|url-status=live}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5KFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|title=Space Stations and Beyond|last=Hamilton|first=John|date=2018-12-15|publisher=ABDO|isbn=9781532171598|pages=30|language=en|access-date=19 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220059/https://books.google.com/books?id=l5KFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Phobos 1

|7 July 1988

|Attempted Mars orbiter/Phobos landers (contact lost)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1988-058A|title=Phobos 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629064623/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1988-058A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/fobos-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Fobos 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419225009/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/fobos-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} Phobos 2

|12 July 1988

|Mars orbiter/attempted Phobos landers (contact lost)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1988-059A|title=Phobos 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=24 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124163759/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1988-059A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/fobos-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Fobos 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419225009/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/fobos-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Magellan

|4 May 1989

|Venus orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-033B|title=Magellan|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417155848/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-033B|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/magellan/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Magellan|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019095913/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/magellan/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Galileo

|18 October 1989

|Venus flyby, first Asteroid flyby (Gaspra), first Asteroid moon discovery (Dactyl), first Jupiter orbiter, first Jupiter atmospheric probe

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-084B|title=Galileo Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=20 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120062401/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1989-084B|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-084E|title=Galileo Probe|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629021804/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-084E|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo/in-depth|title=Galileo - In Depth|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430135450/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo-probe/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Galileo Probe|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419225005/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo-probe/in-depth|url-status=live}}

1990s

Image:Pathfinder01.jpg – Mars lander and the first successful Mars rover, Sojourner]]

File:Cassini Saturn Orbit Insertion.jpg – First Saturn orbiter and first Titan lander]]

{{sticky header}}

class="wikitable sticky-header"

|+

Mission name

!Launch date

!Description

!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} Hiten (MUSES-A)

|24 January 1990

|Lunar flyby and orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-007A|title=Hiten|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208101032/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1990-007A|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hiten-hagoromo/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Hiten / Hagoromo|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420114055/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hiten-hagoromo/in-depth/|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} 23px Hubble Space Telescope

|24 April 1990

|Orbital space telescope (operational since 1990{{Update after|2021|06|30|reason=Operations contract runs out – https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-extends-hubble-space-telescope-science-operations-contract}})

|{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hubble-space-telescope/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Hubble Space Telescope|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420114056/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hubble-space-telescope/in-depth/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-037B|title=HST|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=9 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109081111/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1990-037B|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hubble-Space-Telescope|title=Hubble Space Telescope {{!}} History, Discoveries, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=8 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908104934/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hubble-Space-Telescope|url-status=live}}

{{flagicon|United States}} 23px Ulysses

|6 October 1990

|Solar polar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-090B|title=Ulysses|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717201801/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-090B|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ulysses/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ulysses|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ulysses-space-probe|title=Ulysses {{!}} European-United States space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|United States}} Yohkoh (Solar-A)

|30 August 1991

|Solar observations (1991–2001)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1991-062A|title=Yohkoh|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yohkoh|title=Yohkoh {{!}} Japanese satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars Observer

|25 September 1992

|Attempted Mars orbiter (contact lost)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1992-063A|title=Mars Observer|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-observer/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Observer|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Clementine

|25 January 1994

|Lunar orbiter/attempted asteroid flyby (contact lost)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1994-004A|title=Clementine|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/clementine/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Clementine|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Clementine-spacecraft|title=Clementine {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}

{{flagicon|United States}} WIND

|1 November 1994

|Solar wind observations

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1994-071A|title=Wind|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/wind/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Wind|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-17}}

23px {{flagicon|United States}} SOHO

|2 December 1995

|Solar observatory (operational since 1996{{Update after|2020|reason=current mission extension runs out – http://sci.esa.int/director-desk/60943-extended-life-for-esas-science-missions/}})

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1995-065A|title=SOHO|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/soho/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} SOHO|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Solar-and-Heliospheric-Observatory|title=Solar and Heliospheric Observatory {{!}} satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}

{{flagicon|United States}} NEAR Shoemaker

|17 February 1996

|Eros orbiter, first near-Earth asteroid flyby, first asteroid orbit and first asteroid landing

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-008A|title=NEAR Shoemaker|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/near-shoemaker/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} NEAR Shoemaker|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Near-Earth-Asteroid-Rendezvous-Shoemaker|title=Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Shoemaker {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars Global Surveyor

|7 November 1996

|Mars orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-062A|title=Mars Global Surveyor|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-global-surveyor/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Global Surveyor|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}

{{flagicon|Russia}} Mars 96

|16 November 1996

|Attempted Mars orbiter/landers (failed to escape Earth orbit)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-064A|title=Mars 96 Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-08-mars-96/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 08/Mars 96|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars Pathfinder

|4 December 1996

|Mars lander and first successful planetary rover

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-068A|title=Mars Pathfinder|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=MESURPR|title=Mars Pathfinder Rover|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-pathfinder/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Pathfinder|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-21}}

{{flagicon|United States}} ACE

|25 August 1997

|Solar wind and "space weather" observations (operational since 1998{{Update after|2024|reason=projected to run out of propellant – http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ace_mission.html}})

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1997-045A|title=ACE|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-21}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ace/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} ACE|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-21}}

{{flagicon|United States}} 23px {{flagicon|Italy}} Cassini–Huygens

|15 October 1997

|First Saturn orbiter and first outer planet moon lander (on Titan)

|{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Cassini-Huygens|title=Cassini-Huygens {{!}} Facts, Dates, & Images|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-21}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1997-061A|title=Cassini|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-21}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1997-061C|title=Huygens|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-21}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/overview|title=Overview {{!}} Cassini|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-21}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/huygens/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Huygens|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-21}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Prospector

|7 January 1998

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-001A|title=Lunar Prospector|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-24}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-prospector/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Prospector|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-24}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} Nozomi (Planet-B)

|3 July 1998

|Attempted Mars orbiter (failed to enter Mars orbit)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-041A|title=Nozomi|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-24}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/nozomi/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Nozomi|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-24}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Deep Space 1 (DS1)

|24 October 1998

|Asteroid and comet flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-061A|title=Deep Space 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-24}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/deep-space-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Deep Space 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-24}}

{{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|Russia}} 23px {{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|Canada}}{{Flagicon|Brazil}} ISS

|20 November 1998

|International space station

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-067A|title=International Space Station|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-24|quote=As of November, 1998 the global participants, in addition to the United States, included Russia, Canada, Japan, Brazil, and ESA (Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland).}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Space-Station|title=International Space Station {{!}} Facts, Missions, & History|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-24|quote=Aside from the United States and Russia, station construction involved Canada, Japan, Brazil, and 11 ESA members.}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars Climate Orbiter

|11 December 1998

|Attempted Mars orbiter (orbit insertion failed; entered atmosphere and was destroyed)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-073A|title=Mars Climate Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-climate-orbiter/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Climate Orbiter|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-25}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 (DS2)

|3 January 1999

|Attempted Mars lander/penetrators (contact lost)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1999-001A|title=Mars Polar Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=DEEPSP2|title=Deep Space 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-polar-lander-deep-space-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Polar Lander / Deep Space 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=17 January 2019 |access-date=2019-04-25}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Stardust

|7 February 1999

|First comet coma sample return (returned 15 January 2006)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1999-003A|title=Stardust/NExT|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1999-003D|title=Stardust Sample Return Capsule|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/stardust/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Stardust|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-25}}

2000s

Image:Mars-express-volcanoes-sm.jpg/Beagle 2 – First planetary mission by the ESA]]

Image:Messenger.jpg – First Mercury orbiter]]

File:Water Around Fresh Moon Crater.jpg – Water Around Fresh Moon Crater]]

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Mission name

!Launch date

!Description

!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}

{{flagicon|United States}} 2001 Mars Odyssey

|7 April 2001

|Mars orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2001-014A|title=2001 Mars Odyssey|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-04}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-odyssey/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Odyssey|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-04}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Genesis

|8 August 2001

|First solar wind sample return

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2001-034A|title=Genesis|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-04}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/genesis/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Genesis|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-04}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Genesis-United-States-spacecraft|title=Genesis {{!}} United States spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-05-04}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/genesis/|title=Genesis|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-04}}

{{flagicon|United States}} CONTOUR

|3 July 2002

|Attempted flyby of comet nuclei (Encke, Schwassmann-Wachmann-3, and optionally a third one; lost in space)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2002-034A|title=CONTOUR|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-04}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/contour/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} CONTOUR|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-05-04}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} Hayabusa (MUSES-C)

|9 May 2003

|Asteroid lander and first sample return from asteroid

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-019A|title=Hayabusa|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-07}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Hayabusa|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-07}}

23px {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Mars Express/Beagle 2

|2 June 2003

|Mars orbiter/attempted lander (lander failure)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-022A|title=Mars Express|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-08}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-022C|title=Beagle 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-08}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-express/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Express|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-08}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/beagle-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Beagle 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-05-08}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars Exploration Rover Spirit

|10 June 2003

|Mars rover

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-027A|title=Spirit|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-11}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/spirit/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Spirit|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-11}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity

|8 July 2003

|Mars rover

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-032A|title=Opportunity|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-11}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/opportunity/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Opportunity|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-11}}

23px SMART-1

|27 September 2003

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-043C|title=SMART 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-18}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/smart-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} SMART-1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-18}}

23px Rosetta/Philae

|2 March 2004

|Asteroid Šteins and Lutetia flybys; first comet orbiter and lander (Landed in November 2014)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-006A|title=Rosetta|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-006C|title=Philae|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/rosetta-philae/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Rosetta & Philae|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rosetta-European-Space-Agency-spacecraft|title=Rosetta {{!}} European Space Agency spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-05-25}}

{{flagicon|United States}} MESSENGER

|3 August 2004

|First Mercury orbiter (Achieved orbit 18 March 2011)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-030A|title=MESSENGER|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/messenger/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} MESSENGER|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Messenger-United-States-spacecraft|title=Messenger {{!}} United States spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-05-25}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Deep Impact

|12 January 2005

|Comet flyby and impact

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2005-001A|title=Deep Impact/EPOXI|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2005-001D|title=Deep Impact Impactor (DII) Vehicle|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/deep-impact-epoxi/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Deep Impact (EPOXI)|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-06-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Deep-Impact-space-probe|title=Deep Impact {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-09}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

|12 August 2005

|Mars orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2005-029A|title=Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-reconnaissance-orbiter/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-09}}

23px Venus Express

|9 November 2005

|Venus polar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2005-045A|title=Venus Express|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venus-express/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venus Express|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-09}}

{{flagicon|United States}} New Horizons

|19 January 2006

|First Pluto/Charon flyby (on 14 July 2015); continued on to 486958 Arrokoth flyby (on 1 January 2019)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2006-001A|title=New Horizons Pluto Kuiper Belt Flyby|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/new-horizons/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} New Horizons|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/New-Horizons|title=New Horizons {{!}} Discoveries & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-09}}{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/19/us/the-long-strange-trip-to-pluto-and-how-nasa-nearly-missed-it.html|title=The Long, Strange Trip to Pluto, and How NASA Nearly Missed It|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|date=18 July 2015|work=New York Times|access-date=19 July 2015}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} Hinode (Solar-B)

|22 September 2006

|Solar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2006-041A|title=Hinode|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-10}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinode|title=Hinode {{!}} satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-10}}

{{flagicon|United States}} STEREO

|26 October 2006

|Two spacecraft, solar orbiters

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2006-047A|title=STEREO A|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2006-047B|title=STEREO B|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/stereo/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} STEREO A & B|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=19 April 2019 |access-date=2019-06-12}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Phoenix

|4 August 2007

|Mars polar lander (Mars landing on 25 May 2008)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-034A|title=Phoenix Mars Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/phoenix/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Phoenix|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} SELENE (Kaguya)

|14 September 2007

|Lunar orbiters

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-039A|title=Kaguya|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-039B|title=Okina|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-039C|title=Ouna|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/kaguya/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Kaguya|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Dawn

|27 September 2007

|Asteroid Ceres and Vesta orbiter (Entered orbit around Vesta on 16 July 2011 and around Ceres on 6 March 2015)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-043A|title=Dawn|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Dawn|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dawn-United-States-satellite|title=Dawn {{!}} United States satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}

{{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 1

|24 October 2007

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-051A|title=Chang'e 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chang'e 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Change-Chinese-lunar-probes|title=Chang'e {{!}} Missions & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}

{{flagicon|India}} Chandrayaan-1

|22 October 2008

|Lunar orbiter and impactor; discovered water on the Moon

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2008-052A|title=Chandrayaan 1 Lunar Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/chandrayaan-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chandrayaan 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chandrayaan-1|title=Chandrayaan-1 {{!}} Indian space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}

23px Herschel Space Observatory

|14 May 2009

|Infrared space telescope at Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-026A|title=Herschel Space Observatory|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/herschel/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Herschel|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=13 April 2019 |access-date=2019-06-12}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/LCROSS

|18 June 2009

|Lunar polar orbiter and lunar impactor

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-031A|title=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-031B|title=Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lro/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=29 November 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lcross/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} LCROSS|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=6 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}

{{flagicon|United States}} WISE (NEOWISE)

|14 December 2009

|Infrared survey of celestial sky (WISE mission); later Near-Earth object survey (NEOWISE mission)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-071A|title=WISE|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/wise-neowise/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} WISE/NEOWISE|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wide-field-Infrared-Survey-Explorer|title=Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer {{!}} United States satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}

2010s

File:Msl20110519 PIA14156-full.jpg – Mars lander and large rover]]

File:Mars Orbiter Mission - India - ArtistsConcept.jpg – First Indian Mars orbiter]]

File:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.jpg – ESA/Roscosmos Mars orbiter]]

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Mission name

!Launch date

!Description

!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Solar Dynamics Observatory

|11 February 2010

|Continuous solar monitoring

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2010-005A|title=Solar Dynamics Observatory|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-13}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Solar-Dynamics-Observatory|title=Solar Dynamics Observatory {{!}} United States satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} Akatsuki (Planet-C)

|20 May 2010

|Venus orbiter (orbit insertion failed in 2010 / successful orbit insertion on 7 December 2015)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2010-020D|title=Akatsuki|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-13}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/akatsuki/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Akatsuki|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-13}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Akatsuki|title=Akatsuki {{!}} Mission & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}

{{flagicon|France}} PICARD

|15 June 2010

|Solar monitoring

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2010-028A|title=Picard|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-13}}{{Cite web|url=https://picard.cnes.fr/en/PICARD/index.htm|title=Picard|website=Picard|date=24 April 2015|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}

{{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 2

|1 October 2010

|Lunar orbiter, asteroid 4179 Toutatis flyby

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2010-050A|title=Chang'e 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-13}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chang'e 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-13}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Juno

|5 August 2011

|Jupiter orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-040A|title=Juno|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-14}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/juno/in-depth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505082904/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/juno/in-depth/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-05-05|title=In Depth {{!}} Juno|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-14}}

{{flagicon|United States}} GRAIL

|10 September 2011

|Two spacecraft, Lunar orbiters

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-046A|title=Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory-A (GRAIL)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-15}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-046B|title=Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory-B (GRAIL)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-15}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/grail/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} GRAIL|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-15}}

{{flagicon|Russia}} {{flagicon|China}} Fobos-Grunt and Yinghuo-1

|8 November 2011

|Phobos orbiter, lander and sample return (Russia), Mars orbiter (China)|Attempted Phobos sample return and Mars orbiter, respectively; both failed to escape Earth orbit

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-065A|title=Phobos-Grunt|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=YINGHUO-1|title=Yinghuo-1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity rover)

|26 November 2011

|Mars rover (landed 6 August 2012)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-070A|title=Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/curiosity-msl/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Curiosity (MSL)|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-06-16}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Van Allen Probes (RBSP)

|30 August 2012

|Earth Van Allen radiation belts study

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2012-046A|title=Van Allen Probe A (RBSP-A)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2012-046B|title=Van Allen Probe B (RBSP-B)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}{{Cite web|url=http://vanallenprobes.jhuapl.edu/|title=Van Allen Probes|website=vanallenprobes.jhuapl.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-06-16}}

{{flagicon|United States}} IRIS

|28 June 2013

|Solar observations

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-033A|title=Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-17}}

{{flagicon|United States}} LADEE

|7 September 2013

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-047A|title=Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-18}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ladee/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} LADEE|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-18}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} Hisaki

|14 September 2013

|Planetary atmosphere observatory

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-049A|title=Hisaki|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}

{{flagicon|India}} Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)

|5 November 2013

|Mars orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-060A|title=Mangalyaan|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-orbiter-mission/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Orbiter Mission|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-19}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mars-Orbiter-Mission|title=Mars Orbiter Mission {{!}} Indian space mission|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-19}}

{{flagicon|United States}} MAVEN

|18 November 2013

|Mars orbiter

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-063A|title=Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/maven/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} MAVEN|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-19}}

{{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 3

|1 December 2013

|Lunar lander and rover (first lander since Soviet Luna 24 in 1976)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-070A|title=Chang'e 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-070C|title=Chang'e 3 Rover|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chang'e 3|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-19}}

{{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 5-T1

|23 October 2014

|Circumlunar mission and Earth reentry; technology demonstration to prepare for Chang'e 5 mission

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-065A|title=Chang'e 5-T1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-20}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|Germany}} {{flagicon|France}} Hayabusa2 / MASCOT

|3 December 2014

|Asteroid lander and sample return (sample returned 5 December 2020), first asteroid rover

|{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hayabusa-Japanese-spacecraft|title=Hayabusa {{!}} Spacecraft, Missions, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-20}}{{Cite web|title=Hayabusa 2|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-076A|access-date=2020-12-06|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Hayabusa 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-20}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} PROCYON

|3 December 2014

|Comet observer and attempted asteroid flyby (engine failure)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-076D|title=PROCYON|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-20}}

{{flagicon|United States}} DSCOVR

|11 February 2015

|Solar observation

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2015-007A|title=DSCOVR|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/DSCOVR/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} DSCOVR|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=14 January 2019 |access-date=2019-06-20}}

23px {{flagicon|Russia}} ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and EDM lander

|14 March 2016

|Mars orbiter and attempted lander (lander failure)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2016-017A|title=ExoMars 2016|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-22}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/exomars-trace-gas-orbiter-schiaparelli/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-22}}

{{flagicon|United States}} OSIRIS-REx

|8 September 2016

|Asteroid sample return mission ({{Update after|2023|09|text=sample returned 24 September 2023}})

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2016-055A|title=OSIRIS-REx|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-23}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/osiris-rex/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} OSIRIS-REx|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-23}}

{{flagicon|United States}} InSight

|5 May 2018

|Mars lander

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=INSIGHT|title=InSight|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-23}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/insight/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} InSight|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-23}}

{{Flagicon|China}} Queqiao

|20 May 2018

|Relay satellite for Chang'e 4 in Halo orbit around Earth–Moon L2 Lagrange point

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=QUEQIAO|title=Queqiao|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-24}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Parker Solar Probe

|12 August 2018

|Solar corona probe, closest solar approach ({{Convert|{{#expr:6.16*10^6}}|km|AU|sigfig=1|abbr=|disp=out}})

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2018-065A|title=Parker Solar Probe|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-23}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/parker-solar-probe/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Parker Solar Probe|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=March 2019 |access-date=2019-06-23}}

23px {{flagicon|Japan}} BepiColombo

|19 October 2018

|Two Mercury orbiters ({{Update after|2025|12|5|text=orbit insertion planned in December 2025}})

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=BEPICLMBO|title=BepiColombo|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-23}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/bepicolombo/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} BepiColombo|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-06-23}}

{{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 4

|7 December 2018

|Lunar lander and rover, first landing on the lunar far side

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2018-103A|title=Chang'e 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-24}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chang'e 4|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-24}}

{{flagicon|Israel}} Beresheet

|22 February 2019

|Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2019-009B|title=Beresheet|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-24}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/beresheet/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Beresheet|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 February 2019 |access-date=2019-06-24}}

{{flagicon|India}} Chandrayaan-2

|22 July 2019

|Lunar orbiter; attempted lander and rover (contact lost during final stage of descent)

|{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN2|title=Chandrayaan 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-09-07}}{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/chandrayaan-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chandrayaan 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-24}}

2020s

File:PIA21635-Mars2020Rover-ArtistConcept-20170523.jpg ]]

{{sticky header}}

class="wikitable sticky-header"

|+

Mission name

!Launch date

!Description

!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}

23px Solar Orbiter

|10 February 2020

|Sun-observing satellite

|{{Cite web|title=Solar Orbiter|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-010A|access-date=2020-06-07|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter|title=ESA Science & Technology - Solar Orbiter|website=sci.esa.int|access-date=2020-02-10}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Orbiter|title=ESA - Solar Orbiter|website=www.esa.int|access-date=2020-02-10}}

{{flagicon|UAE}} Mars Hope

|19 July 2020

|Mars orbiter

|{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Emirates Mars Mission (Hope)|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-047A|access-date=2021-02-09|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}

{{flagicon|China}} Tianwen-1 (Zhurong rover)

|23 July 2020

|Mars orbiter, lander, and rover

|{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Tianwen 1|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-049A|access-date=2021-06-13|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Mars 2020 (Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter)

|30 July 2020

|Mars rover and helicopter drone; first powered flight on another planet

|{{Cite web|title=MARS 2020|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-052A|access-date=2021-02-18|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{Cite web|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 2020 Rover|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-2020-rover/in-depth|access-date=2021-04-19|website=NASA Solar System Exploration}}{{Cite web|title=Mars 2020 Rover|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/|access-date=2021-02-18|website=mars.nasa.gov|date=5 December 2017 }}

{{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 5

|23 November 2020

|Lunar sample return

|{{Cite web|title=Chang'e 5|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANG-E-5|access-date=2020-11-25|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Lucy

|16 October 2021

|Flyby of six Jupiter trojans and two main belt asteroids

|{{Cite web|title=Lucy|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=LUCY|access-date=2021-10-16|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{Cite web|title=In Depth {{!}} Lucy|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lucy/in-depth|access-date=2021-10-16|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 }}

{{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|Italy}} DART / LICIACube

|24 November 2021

|Asteroid 65803 Didymos flyby, asteroid moon Dimorphos impactor

|{{Cite web|title=Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=DART|access-date=2021-11-24|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{Cite web|title=In Depth {{!}} DART|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dart/in-depth|access-date=2021-11-24|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=13 January 2019 }}

{{flagicon|United States}} 23px {{flagicon|Canada}} James Webb Space Telescope

|25 December 2021

|Infrared space telescope at Sun–Earth L2

|{{Cite web|title=James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=JWST|access-date=2021-12-25|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{Cite web|title=In Depth {{!}} James Webb Space Telescope|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/james-webb-space-telescope/in-depth|access-date=2021-12-25|website=NASA Solar System Exploration}}

{{flagicon|United States}} CAPSTONE

|28 June 2022

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web |title=CAPSTONE |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CAPSTONE |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}

{{flagicon|ROK}} {{flagicon|USA}} Danuri (KPLO)

|5 August 2022

|Lunar orbiter

|{{Cite web |title=Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=KPLO |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Artemis 1 and 10 cubesats

|16 November 2022

|Uncrewed lunar orbital test of Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System. The cubesats are launched as rideshares and will execute their own missions.

|{{Cite web |title=Artemis 1 |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=ARTEMIS-1 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}

{{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|United States}} Hakuto-R Mission 1 (Rashid rover) and Lunar Flashlight

| 11 December 2022

| Lunar lander technology demonstration, lunar rover, and lunar orbiter launched together (crashed into Moon)

|{{cite news |url=https://ispace-inc.com/news/?p=2012 |title=ispace Begins Final Assembly of Lunar Lander Flight Model Ahead of First Mission |work=ispace |date=14 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021}}{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/u-a-e-examining-options-for-future-human-spaceflight-missions/ |title=U.A.E. examining options for future human spaceflight missions |work=SpaceNews |date=28 October 2021 |access-date=29 October 2021}}{{cite news |url=https://ispace-inc.com/news/?p=1874 |title=MBRSC Teams Up with Japan's ispace on Emirates Lunar Mission |work=ispace |date=14 April 2021 |access-date=14 April 2021}}

23px JUICE

|14 April 2023

|Jupiter/Ganymede orbiter

|{{Cite web |title=JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=JUICE |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}

{{flagicon|IND}} Chandrayaan-3

|14 July 2023

|Lunar orbiter, lander and rover; first soft landing near the lunar South Pole

|{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan 3 |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html |title=Chandrayaan-3 |access-date=15 July 2023 |work=ISRO}}

{{flagicon|Russia}} Luna 25

|10 August 2023

|Attempted lunar south pole lander (crashed into Moon)

|{{Cite web |title=Luna 25 |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=LUNA-25 |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/kosmos/17932551 |title=Запуск первой в истории современной России миссии на Луну запланировали на 11 августа |trans-title=The launch of the first mission to the Moon in the history of modern Russia was scheduled for August 11 |language=ru |date=5 June 2023 |access-date=5 June 2023 |work=TASS}}

{{flagicon|IND}} Aditya-L1

|2 September 2023

|Sun-observing spacecraft at Sun–Earth L1

|{{cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |title=Aditya-L1 |access-date=2 September 2023 |work=ISRO}}

{{flagicon|JPN}} SLIM (LEV-1, LEV-2)

|6 September 2023

|Lunar flyby, lander and rovers

|{{Cite web |title=SLIM |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=SLIM |access-date=7 September 2023 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{cite web |url=https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/slim/ |title=SLIM |access-date=7 September 2023 |work=JAXA}}

{{flagicon|USA}} Psyche

|13 October 2023

|Asteroid 16 Psyche orbiter

|{{cite web |title=NASA Continues Psyche Asteroid Mission |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-continues-psyche-asteroid-mission |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |access-date=24 April 2023}}

{{flagicon|USA}} Peregrine Mission One (including Iris and Colmena rovers)

|8 January 2024

|Lunar lander and rovers (landing precluded)

|{{cite web |last=McCrea |first=Aaron |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/01/vulcan-launch-peregrine-inaugural-flight/ |title=Vulcan successfully launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural flight |date=8 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |work=NASASpaceFlight}}

{{flagicon|USA}} IM-1 Nova-C Odysseus (including EagleCam deployable camera)

|15 February 2024

|Lunar landers

|{{cite web |title=Status of Nova C (IM-1) Launch Time |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/1915 |website=Next Spaceflight |access-date=17 February 2024}}

{{flagicon|PRC}} DRO A/B

|13 March 2024

|Lunar orbiters

|{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=2024-03-14 |title=Surprise Chinese lunar mission hit by launch anomaly |url=https://spacenews.com/surprise-chinese-lunar-mission-hit-by-launch-anomaly/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}

{{flagicon|PRC}} Queqiao-2 (including Tiandu-1 and 2)

|20 March 2024

|Lunar orbiters

|{{cite web|title=China launches Queqiao-2 relay satellite to support moon missions|url=https://spacenews.com/china-launches-queqiao-2-relay-satellite-to-support-moon-missions/|website=Space.com|date=20 March 2024 |access-date=20 March 2024}}

{{flagicon|China}} Chang'e 6 (including Pakistan's ICUBE-Q cubesat)

|3 May 2024

|Lunar sample return, rover and orbiters; first sample return from the lunar far side

|{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |url=https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-probe-arrives-at-spaceport-for-first-ever-lunar-far-side-sample-mission/ |title=China's Chang'e-6 probe arrives at spaceport for first-ever lunar far side sample mission |work=SpaceNews |date=10 January 2024 |access-date=10 January 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=China's Chang'e-6 is carrying a surprise rover to the moon |url=https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-is-carrying-a-surprise-rover-to-the-moon/ |website=SpaceNews |access-date=8 May 2024 |date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508193233/https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-is-carrying-a-surprise-rover-to-the-moon/ |url-status=live }}

23px Hera (3 orbiters)

|7 October 2024

|Asteroid 65803 Didymos rendezvous

|{{cite web |url=https://www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Hera/Industry_starts_work_on_Europe_s_Hera_planetary_defence_mission |title=Industry starts work on Europe's Hera planetary defence mission |work=ESA |date=15 September 2020 |access-date=14 May 2021}}

{{flagicon|United States}} Europa Clipper

|14 October 2024

|Jupiter orbiter, Europa multiple flyby

|{{Cite web|title=Europa Clipper|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=EUROPA-CL|access-date=2021-08-23|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-to-use-commercial-launch-vehicle-for-europa-clipper/|title=NASA to use commercial launch vehicle for Europa Clipper |work=SpaceNews |date=10 February 2021|access-date=14 May 2021}}{{Cite web|date=2020-07-10|title=Cost growth prompts changes to Europa Clipper instruments|url=https://spacenews.com/cost-growth-prompts-changes-to-europa-clipper-instruments/|access-date=2020-11-21|website=SpaceNews|language=en-US|quote=Chodas said that Europa Clipper now has a launch readiness date of 2024, a year later than plans announced last year.}}

{{flagicon|USA}} Blue Ghost M1

|15 January 2025

|Lunar lander

|{{Cite web |author1=Brett Tingley |date=2025-01-07 |title=SpaceX launch of private Blue Ghost moon lander set for Jan. 15 |url=https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/spacex-launch-of-private-blue-ghost-moon-lander-set-for-jan-15 |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=Space.com |language=en}}

{{flagicon|JPN}} H (including Tenacious rover)

|15 January 2025

|Lunar lander and rover

|{{Cite web |author1=Brett Tingley |date=2025-01-07 |title=SpaceX launch of private Blue Ghost moon lander set for Jan. 15 |url=https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/spacex-launch-of-private-blue-ghost-moon-lander-set-for-jan-15 |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=Space.com |language=en}}

{{flagicon|USA}} Intuitive Machines Nova-C IM-2

(including MAPP LV1, Micro-Nova, AstroAnt and Yaoki rover)

|27 February 2025

|Lunar lander and rovers

|

{{flagicon|USA}} Lunar Trailblazer

|27 February 2025

|Lunar orbiter

|

{{flagicon|USA}} Brokkr-2

|27 February 2025

|Asteroid flyby

|

Planned or scheduled

{{Main|List of proposed Solar System spacecraft}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/ NASA Lunar and Planetary Science]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090805113110/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/future1.cfm NASA Solar System Strategic Exploration Plans]
  • [http://www.mentallandscape.com/C_Catalog.htm Soviet Lunar, Martian, Venusian and Terrestrial Space Image Catalog]
  • [https://armchairastronautics.blogspot.com/p/history.html Comprehensive and interactive graphical history overview by Armchair Astronautics]

{{Space exploration lists and timelines}}

{{Planetary exploration}}

{{NASA planetary exploration programs}}

{{Solar System}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of Solar System Exploration}}

Solar System Exploration

Category:Discovery and exploration of the Solar System

Category:Solar System