User:Paleface Jack/The Texas Chain Saw Massacre

In the early hours of August 18, 1973, a grave robber steals several corpses from a cemetery near Newt, Muerto County, Texas. The robber ties a rotting corpse and other body parts onto a monument, which is discovered by a local as the sun rises.

Meanwhile, five teenagers take a road trip through the area: Sally Hardesty, Jerry, Pam, Kirk, and Sally's paraplegic brother Franklin. They stop at the cemetery to check on the grave of Sally and Franklin's grandfather, which appears undisturbed. As the group drives past a slaughterhouse, Franklin recounts the Hardesty family's history with animal slaughter. They soon pick up a hitchhiker, who talks about his family who worked at the old slaughterhouse. He borrows Franklin's pocketknife and cuts himself, then takes a single Polaroid picture of the group, for which he demands money. When they refuse to pay, he burns the photo and attacks Franklin with a straight razor. The group forces him out of the van, where he smears blood on the side as they drive off. Low on gas, the group stops at a station whose proprietor says that no fuel is available. The group explores a nearby abandoned house, owned by the Hardesty family.

Kirk and Pam leave the others behind, planning to visit a nearby swimming hole mentioned by Franklyn. On their way there, they discover another house, surrounded by run-down cars, and run by gas-powered generators. Hoping to barter for gas, Kirk enters the house through the unlocked door, while Pam waits outside. As he enters the house, a large man wearing a mask made of skin appears and murders Kirk with a hammer. When Pam enters the house, she stumbles into a room strewn with decaying remains and furniture made from human and animal bones. She attempts to flee but is caught by the man and impaled on a meat hook. The man then starts up a chainsaw, dismembering Kirk as Pam watches. In the evening, Jerry searches for Pam and Kirk. When he enters the other house, he finds Pam's nearly-dead, spasming body in a chest freezer and is killed by the masked man.

With darkness falling, Sally and Franklin set out to find their friends. En route, the masked man ambushes them, killing Franklin with the chainsaw. The man chases Sally into the house, where she finds a very old, seemingly dead man and a woman's rotting corpse. She escapes from the man by jumping through a second-floor window, and she flees to the gas station. With the man in pursuit, Sally arrives at the gas station when he seems to disappear. The station's proprietor comforts Sally with the offer of help, after which he beats and subdues her, loading her into his pickup truck. The proprietor drives to the other house, and the hitchhiker appears. The proprietor scolds him for his actions at the cemetery. As they enter the house, the masked man reappears, dressed in women's clothing. The proprietor reveals himself, the masked man, and the hitchhiker as family. They bring the old man—"Grandpa"—down to the dining room and cut Sally's finger so that Grandpa can suck her blood, Sally then faints from the ordeal.

The next morning, Sally regains consciousness. The men taunt her and bicker with each other, resolving to have Grandpa kill her with a hammer, however he is too weak and the brothers attempt to assist him. Sally breaks free and runs onto a road in front of the house, pursued by the brothers. An oncoming truck accidentally runs over the hitchhiker, killing him. The truck driver attacks Leatherface with a large wrench, causing him to fall and injure his leg with the chainsaw. Sally, covered in blood, flags down a passing pickup truck and climbs into the bed, narrowly escaping Leatherface. As the pickup drives away, Sally laughs hysterically while an enraged Leatherface swings his chainsaw in the road as the sun rises.

{{Main article|List of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (franchise) characters||l1=List of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (franchise) characters}}

{{Cast listing|

• Marilyn Burns as Sally Hardesty
• Allen Danziger as Jerry
• Paul A. Partain as Franklin Hardesty
• William Vail as Kirk
• Teri McMinn as Pam
• Edwin Neal as Hitchhiker
• Jim Siedow as Old Man
• Gunnar Hansen as Leatherface
• John Dugan as Grandpa
• Robert Courtin as Window Washer
• William Creamer as Bearded Man
• John Henry Faulk as Storyteller
• Jerry Green as Cowboy
• Ed Guinn as Cattle Truck Driver
• Joe Bill Hogan as Drunk
• Perry Lorenz as Pick Up Driver
• John Larroquette as Narrator

}}

Cast taken from The Texas Chain Saw Massacre Companion.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=265}}

File:Kim Henkel y Tobe Hooper en el rodaje de La Masacre de Texas.jpg (right) and co-writer Kim Henkel (left) on set during filming]]

The concept for The Texas Chain Saw Massacre arose in the early 1970s while Tobe Hooper was working as an assistant film director at the University of Texas at Austin and a documentary cameraman.{{sfn|Allon|2002|p=246}}{{sfn|Patterson 2023}} During this period, Hooper had grown disillusioned by what he described as the "lack of sentimentality and the brutality of things",{{sfn|Bowen|2004|p=17}}{{sfn|Glasby|2020|p=41}} witnessing ongoing acts of violence in San Antonio.{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}} The graphic news coverage, epitomized by "showing brains spilled all over the road", led to his belief that "man was the real monster here, just wearing a different face, so I put a literal mask on the monster in my film".{{sfn|Bowen|2004|p=17}}{{sfn|Glasby|2020|p=41}} He started developing the concept from a story he had written years before involving elements of isolation, the woods, and darkness.{{sfn|Baumgarten|2000}} While working on his feature film debut, Eggshells (1969), Hooper became acquainted with fellow Texas native Kim Henkel. The two became friends during production, and when Eggshells was completed, they began working on their next collaborative effort, with the decision that the project would be a horror film.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=133-134}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=27}}

Henkel, working as an illustrator at the time, would meet at Hooper's residence each night for several months, brainstorming concepts for the project. They would discuss aspects of the genre that frightened them,{{efn|In Chainsaws, Slackers, and Spy Kids: Thirty Years of Filmmaking in Austin, Texas, journalist and film historian Alison Macor wrote that Henkel and Hooper spent time studying the horror genre and viewed multiple horror films, before writing the film.{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=20}} Hooper said in 1977 that the film involved studies into audience's response to the genre, describing it as "a very deliberate, scientific approach to horror".{{sfn|Lovell|Kelley|1986|p=40}}}} in addition to their own fears.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=133-135}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=5}} The urban mistrust of the rural countryside and its residents factored heavily into these early discussions. Hooper later commented, "Back in the early part of the twentieth century, you would go out and get killed out in the country... Being out there, being isolated, before cell phones existed, even before telephones existed, but to be out there and there's no one out there to help you".{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=83-92}} The original concepts focused on fantasy elements, with Grimm's Fairy Tales (1812) by the Brothers Grimm cited as a major influence. Henkel stated that they were drawn to how these tales "deal with fundamental issues that human beings struggle[d] with".{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=87}} Henkel suggested a modern take on Hansel and Gretel,{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=133-135}}{{sfn|Petridis|2019|p=54}}{{sfn|Konow|2012|p=161}}{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=29}}}} rooted in elements of isolation and innocents being lured away from civilization.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=87}} Hooper alternately suggested the story of a troll living under a bridge.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=133-135}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|p=83}} These ideas were later discarded in favor of a more realistic story that drew on their shared love of Universal Classic Monsters.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|p=133-135}}{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=5}}

Some aspects of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre were inspired by the crimes of Wisconsin murderer and grave-robber Ed Gein.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|American Film Institute 2023}}{{sfn|Rockoff|2011|p=43}}{{sfn|Smith III|2009|p=12}}{{sfn|Castleden|2011|p=5}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=39}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|p=12}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|p=39}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}}} Gein's crimes, committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin, had gained widespread notoriety in 1957 after authorities discovered that he had exhumed corpses from local graveyards and fashioned keepsakes from their bones and skin.{{sfn|Smith III|2009|pp=7-8}}{{sfn|Sokol 2018}} Hooper claimed to have heard details of Gein from relatives when he was young, though Hooper admitted he did not know it was Gein until after the film's release.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=39}}{{sfn|Carson|1986|p=11}}{{sfn|Senn|2015|p=315}}{{sfn|Schechter|Everitt|2006|p=108}}}} The idea of a person capable of committing such horrific acts fascinated co-writer Henkel, who incorporated the trait into the cannibals.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=93-104}} Over the years, Henkel described the confessions and crimes of serial killer Elmer Wayne Henley as an influence for the cannibals.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Bloom|2004|pp=1-7}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=38}}{{sfn|Hawkes 2015}}{{sfn|West|2021|p=84}}}} Actor Gunnar Hansen refutes this, noting that Henley confessed to the murders on August 8, 1973, well into the film's production.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=87}}

Hooper and Henkel adapted the completed story outline into a workable script in January 1973.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=83-92}} Working to expand his original story,{{sfn|Lanza|2019|p=3}} Hooper suggested key plot elements for the film, breaking down each scene with Henkel.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=31}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=20}} The two filmmakers used the current changes in the cultural and political landscape as a central influence on the film.{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}} The intentional misinformation, that "film you are about to see is true", was a response to being "lied to by the government about things that were going on all over the world"; reflecting the skepticism against the Nixon administration in the wake of controversies surrounding the Watergate scandal, the 1973 oil crisis, the 1973 economic recession, and "the massacres and atrocities in the Vietnam War".{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Petridis|2019|p=53}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|pp=13-14}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}}} Hooper also cited his childhood love of the horror stories published by EC Comics as an influence on the film's style and atmosphere.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=84-86}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=130-132}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|pp=9-10}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=28-34}}{{sfn|Lovell|Kelley|1986|p=39}}}} The idea of using a chainsaw as a murder weapon, according to Hooper, came while he was in the hardware section of a busy store, contemplating how to speed his way through the crowd.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Baumgarten|2000}}{{sfn|Hawkes 2015}}{{sfn|Wooley|1986|p=68}}{{sfn|Mulleavy 2014}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=28-33}}}}

The first draft was completed between three-to-six weeks.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=20}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=4-5}}{{sfn|Phipps 2000}} The initial 160-page long shooting script was highly detailed, explaining camera movements, lighting cues, character details, and contained more explicit violence.{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=20}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=42}} The filmmakers would rewrite much of the script during filming, with cast members handed the revised pages before scenes were filmed. "Most of it was paring down stuff that was excessive," Henkel wrote, commenting that cast members would assist in developing their dialogue.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=32-33}}

In 1973, Hooper and Henkel formed Vortex, Inc., with Henkel as president and Hooper as the vice president.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|pp=13-14}}{{sfn|Armstrong|2015|p=316}} Henkel recruited his acquaintance Ron Bozman to serve as the company's unit production manager, having worked with him on the film Windbreaker (1971).{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=31}} Principal financing for Chain Saw was provided by Bozman and Warren Skaaren.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=33}} The executive director of the Texas Film Commission,{{efn|Skaaren resigned in April 1974 to become Chain Saw{{'}}s "producer's representative".{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986||pp=35-38}}}} Skaaren introduced the writers to his business partner Jay Parsley,{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}{{sfn|Lellis|1973|p=22}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=32}}{{sfn|Official Texas Chain Saw Massacre 2017}} then the Vice President of Student Affairs at Texas Tech University.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=33}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=21}} Meeting with Parsley, the filmmakers convinced him to provide additional funding with his company MAB, Inc.{{efn|Claims that Parsley funded the film as a starring vehicle for Burns and further claims that MAB was an acronym for the actress{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=4-5}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=34}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=129-132}} have been denied by Parsley.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=4}}}} through which he invested $60,000 in the production.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Bloom|2004|pp=1-7}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=130-132}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=4-5}}{{sfn|Herrera 2024}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=21}}}} Additional funds were supplied by Henkel's sister Katherine and Austin attorney Robert Kuhn.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=4-5}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=21}}{{sfn|Konow|2012|p=169}} Kuhn loaned the production his own mobile home as a wardrobe, dressing room, and restroom for the actors.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=33}}

Hooper originally intended the position of cinematographer to go to Richard Kooris,{{efn|Kooris later served as cinematographer in the sequel, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=258}}}} however, conflicts with Kooris' schedule made him unavailable.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=37}} Daniel Pearl, a recent UTA graduate, was hired after meeting with Hooper outside a film lab where Pearl was working on a recent documentary with Larry Carroll.{{efn|In contrast to a 2007 interview with Pearl by StudentFilmmakers Magazine, where Pearl would state that he never met Hooper before he was hired.{{sfn|Solis|2007}}}} Hooper was impressed with Pearl's work on the film and offered him the position six months later.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=37}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=22}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=22}} According to Pearl, the cinematography was influenced by the works of photographer Russell Werner Lee,{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=37}} who was well known for his photographs documenting the various ethnography of American life.{{sfn|Griffith 2007}}

{{multiple image||total_width=350|align=left|footer = (Left to right) Marilyn Burns and Teri McMinn (all pictured in 1973), were cast as the film's female leads.

| image1 = Marilyn Burns in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.jpg

| alt1 = A photograph of Marilyn Burns

| image2 = TeriSmall.jpg

| alt2 = A photograph of Teri McMinn}}

Casting auditions took place between June and July of 1973,{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=24}} inside the office of art director and production designer Robert "Bob" Burns,{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=31}} who also worked as the film's casting director.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=7}} Many of the cast members at the time were relatively unknown actors—Texans who had played roles in commercials, television, and stage shows, as well as performers whom Hooper knew personally.{{sfn|Wood|2003|p=80}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=24–25}} Danziger was approached early on for the project and agreed to star in it before reading the script.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=37}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=19}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=25}}

The lead role of Sally Hardesty was given to Marilyn Burns, a student and volunteer on a film commission at UTA.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=130-132}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=33}}{{sfn|New York Times 2014}} The filmmakers had met Marilyn during a lunch meeting with the cast and crew of Lovin' Molly (1974),{{sfn|Lellis|1973|p=22}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=20-21}} a film she had originally been cast in the lead role before being replaced by Susan Sarandon.{{efn|Author Alison Macor alternately described Burns' casting as a stand-in for Sarandon and Blythe Danner.{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=24}}}} Burns later learned of casting calls for The Texas Chain Saw Massacre and auditioned for the lead role in the film after being dropped from Lovin' Molly.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=130-132}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=20-21}} While she did not think the script was well-written, she was excited about being cast in her first lead role.{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=24}} Describing her role as "a bubble gum, bland, dumb character", who becomes the sole survivor of the events in the film,{{sfn|Lellis|1973|p=22}} Marilyn met with Hooper and Henkel a few times before filming to discuss her character.{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=20}} Burns would also help the production in raising funds.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=4-5}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=34}}

Hooper originally wanted Dorothy, Pearl's wife at the time, to portray Pam. She turned down the role in favor of working as the film's make-up artist.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=4-5}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=23-24}} The role went to Teri McMinn, who joined the project after she was contacted by Henkel, who discovered the actress' photograph in a local periodical, the Austin American-Statesman.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=23-24}} The former girlfriend of Hansen's college roommate,{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=10-11}}{{sfn|Squires 2018}} McMinn was a student at the time, and worked with local theater companies, including the Dallas Theater Center before she was hired.{{sfn|Lamkin 2009}}

File:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, 1973 publicity still.jpg, Gunnar Hansen, Jim Sideow, and John Dugan were cast as the cannibal family (pictured 1973).]]

Sally's paraplegic brother Franklin, described in the script as a "Chaplinesque figure",{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=20}} was eventually given to Paul A. Partain. Partain, a member of a small theatre group, auditioned after learning of the casting call through the theatre's director. According to Partain, he arrived at the audition and was asked to read the lines of both the Hitchhiker and Franklin from the bus scene alongside other actors. Partain explained later that he felt drawn to Franklin with each reading and lobbied for the role.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=20-21}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=36}} Partain remained in character for the duration of filming,{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=17-26}} his behavior between takes resulted in tension between the other cast members.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=37-44}} as Partain recalled, "I was a young, inexperienced actor who didn't realize that it wasn't like theatre{{endash}}You didn't have to stay in character all the time."{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=24}} William Vail originally intended to audition for the role of Franklin, however, he was later cast as Pam's boyfriend Kirk after meeting with Henkel.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=24}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=25}}

For members of the cannibal family, Hansen was later selected for the role of Leatherface.{{sfn|Lellis|1973|p=15}}{{sfn|West|1974|p=9}} Hansen described the audition as lengthy, as the filmmakers discussed with him about the character and his relationship with his family.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=8-9}}{{sfn|Collis 2013}}{{sfn|Jacobs 2006}} The filmmakers were impressed with the actor's imposing figure, and later cast him in the role.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=24}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=12}}{{sfn|Foster 2001}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=139-141}}}} Having never been involved in a feature film, Hansen wrote that he had felt participating in a horror film would be a unique experience.{{sfn|Hansen 2010}} During his first cast meeting with the filmmakers, Hooper explained the character in detail for Hansen; describing Leatherface as severely mentally impaired and insane, which made the character violent and unpredictable.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=8-9}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=23}}{{sfn|Schultz 1999}} In preparation, Hansen experimented with different vocal tones and pitches to find the right voice for the character. He also visited a special needs school in Austin,{{efn|Cited by Texas Monthly as the Austin State Hospital{{sfn|Bloom|2004|pp=1-7}}}} observing how the students moved and spoke, in an attempt to find the proper movement and behavior.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=14-16}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=30}}

The character known as the Old Man was given to Jim Siedow, a noted theatre performer who worked with Henkel and Hooper on an earlier film production.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=27}} Edwin Neal was cast early on as the Hitchhiker.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=11}} A Vietnam veteran, Neal had enrolled in the acting department at the University of Texas at the time of auditions.{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=25}}{{sfn|Lellis|1973|p=15}} Neal states that he based his performance on his schizophrenic nephew.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=24}}{{sfn|Roche|2014|p=293}} The cannibal's elderly "Grandpa" was portrayed by Henkel's brother-in-law John Dugan.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=19}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=61}}

Minor roles were comprised of friends and acquaintances of the cast and crew. The voice-over narration was performed by John Larroquette,{{sfn|Rabin 2008}} a friend of the assistant director and editor Sallye Richardson. According to Richardson, she recommended him to Hooper because of what she described as the "perfect voice" for the role. During post-production, Hooper flew down to Los Angeles and recorded dialogue with him at the post-production studio Todd-AO.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=76}} In later years, Larroquette claimed he was paid in marijuana for the role.{{sfn|Wright 2023}} Robert Courtin and Ed Guinn are credited as the window washer and truck driver.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=265}}{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}

File:Chain Saw Massacre House3.jpg", located on Quick Hill Road near Round Rock, Texas, was used as the main location. It was later moved from La Frontera to Kingsland, Texas, and restored as a restaurant.{{sfn|Hawkes 2015}}{{sfn|Pack 2003}}]]

Principle photography began July 15, 1973.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|American Film Institute 2023}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=139-141}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=52}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=19}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=6}}}} Production had intended to use an Arriflex 35BL 35mm camera, though budgetary constraints made this unfeasable.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=93-104}}{{sfn|Solis|2007}}{{sfn|Fisher 2001}} An Eclair NPR 16mm camera, with fine-grain, low-speed Ektachrome Commercial film was chosen instead. While the camera required more light than modern digital cameras and most filmstocks of the day,{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=93-94}}{{sfn|Kraus 1999}}{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=99}} the format change gave the production a more mobile and cost-effective method of shooting on the standard theatrical 35mm format.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=93-104}} Most sync sound portions were shot on the Eclair NPR, handheld and specialty shots were filmed using a 16mm Clockwork Bolex.{{sfn|Williams 2017}}

Described as "guerrilla filmmaking of the most hardcore and dedicated variety",{{sfn|Muir|2015|p=16}} several elaborate, low-budget rigs were constructed by the film crew to accommodate the film's low budget. A large, wooden camera rig was designed and used for tracking and dolly shots.{{sfn|Williams 2017}} Hooper manipulated the actors to get genuine reactions. Cast members were deliberately kept separated from those portraying the cannibal family and were told different reasons for the isolation.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=48-49}} Most of the cast recalled being genuinely frightened by Hansen's appearance during their scenes, Allen was so startled while filming his character's death that he ran off set during the first take.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=76}}

For the cannibal's house, an early 1900s farmhouse located on Quick Hill Road near Round Rock, Texas,{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|p=14}}{{sfn|Reeves|2001|p=351}}{{sfn|Austin Chronicle 2003}}{{sfn|Rife 2023}}{{sfn|White|1974|pp=28-29}}}} served as the primary location.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=139-141}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=19}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|p=14}} The production was granted access for five days by the owners, with the stipulation that they were only allowed to film in three of the house's rooms. The first scenes filmed were at the old Hardesty house, which was not in the original script.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=37-44}} Production had discovered the abandoned house across the street from the main location and wrote the scene to take advantage of the location.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=49-50}}

The murder of Vail's character was originally scripted for him to simply be hit in the head, with additional shots of a bloodied Kirk convulsing on the floor; according to Vail, he suggested that his character would spin around after being hit which was incorporated into the scene.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=51-53}} The tracking shot of McMinn's character walking up to the house was thought up before filming. McMinn was only told about the scene during the moment and initially objected, but later agreed to film the scene.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=52}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=57-59}} The scene was filmed in a masked widescreen format with a 1.85:1 aspect ratio,{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=52}} using the Bolex mounted on a custom-built camera track,{{sfn|Williams 2017}} while a {{convert|48|foot|m}} long dolly track and cart was installed between the swing and the house for stable camera movement. When the camera began rolling, Pearl slowly moved the camera on the track while McMinn walked towards the house.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=52}} To compensate for the limited number of dolly tracks, crew members carefully placed the previous tracks in front of Pearl, making sure not to appear on camera.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=57-59}}

The night drive to the house was shot with meticulous attention to detail, with clouds of dust illuminated by the truck's headlights. The effect was accomplished using two 1000-watt lights attached to the truck's bumper. Siedow and Neal choreographed the scene of the old man beating the hitchhiker. According to Neal, "Jim [Siedow] was so much shorter than I was... So I crouched down as low as I could get to make Jim appear taller". An oak dowel was used by Siedow for the sequence, Neal recalled that his cries of pain were genuine.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=108-109}}

The final scenes filmed in the house were the most grueling and difficult, according to the cast and crew. The dinner scene, nicknamed "The Last Supper" by the cast and crew,{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=115}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=18, 30}} was shot over two weeks.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=61-64}} The set decorations, including food and animal parts, had been left in the house for several weeks and were putrifying by the time the scene was filmed. Many became ill from the smell.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=61-64}} The final portion of the dinner scene involved a 26 to 36-hour shoot{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=118-121}}{{sfn|Wood 2014}}{{sfn|Gelten 2019}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=63}}}} as Dugan and Siedow were unavailable for additional days.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=61-62}} Windows in the house were covered to simulate nighttime,{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=63}} resulting in putrid working conditions from lack of air ventilation and increased temperatures.{{sfn|Kraus 1999}}{{sfn|Triplett 2006}}{{sfn|Fordy 2022}} The smell was reportedly so bad that many were forced to take anti-nausea pills during filming.{{sfn|White|1974|pp=28-29}} Certain camera movements, including dolly shots and pans were rehearsed with cast members before they were filmed, as Hooper wanted the actors to synchronize their actions with the camera's movements.{{sfn|Lellis|1973|p=14}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=111}} Dugan was instructed by Hooper to remain completely limp during his scenes, causing some frustration with the other actors when he kept sliding off his wheelchair in multiple takes as they carried him downstairs. Hansen eventually threatened to 'rip his head off' if it happened again.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=112}} When it came time to film the scene in which Leatherface feeds "Grandpa", the crew had difficulty getting the stage blood to come out of its tube. After several takes, Hansen cut Burns's index finger with a razor to finish the scene.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=113-114}}

Production still of Sally's escape

Many exterior sequences for The Texas Chain Saw Massacre were filmed in rural locations outside of Austin.{{sfn|Rife 2023}} Sequences involving the van were shot during the first third of filming.{{sfn|Mulleavy 2014}} The van was a 1972 Ford Club Wagon,{{sfn|Rife 2023}} with its center seats removed to accommodate Hooper, Pearl, the camera, and sound engineer Ted Nicolaou.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=27-36}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=53-55}} Scenes were challenging to shoot, as windows of the van were kept up to prevent audio contamination, resulting in higher humidity and temperatures. Cast members had not viewed Neal in makeup before shooting and were genuinely unnerved by his appearance. Multiple takes were filmed because of technical issues, and the cast frequently messed up their lines. The effect of the Hitchhiker burning the photograph required gunpowder to ignite it. The pyrotechnics were not properly handled, as there were no funds to hire a professional. In the first take, the effects crew used more powder than intended, creating a large burst of flame. The van suffered only minimal damage, and the crew successfully filmed the scene after a few takes.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=36-37}}

The gas station scene was filmed at Ryan's Hills Prairie Grocery, which later became Bilbo's Texas Landmark,{{efn|The gas station now operates as a horror-themed attraction, Texas barbecue restaurant, and motel. To maintain its resemblance to the film, the owners preserved various antiques, including the vintage sign that reads "We Slaughter Barbecue".{{sfn|Herrera 2024}}}} was located at 1073 State Highway 304, Bastrop, Texas.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=37-44}}{{sfn|Rife 2023}} The sign "W.E. Slaughter Barbecue" was designed and added to the location. Courtin, portraying the window washer, accidentally splashed soapy water onto Siedow during the first take, resulting in the rest of the cast bursting into laughter that continued through several takes.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=27-35}} Siedow was reluctant to hit Marilyn with the prop broom in later scenes, but eventually performed the scene at Marilyn's reassurance.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=106-107}}

Night sequences were difficult to shoot, as production could only afford two five-kilowatt and one ten-kilowatt light towers,{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=93-104}} resulting in underexposed reels. The sequence where Leatherface chases Sally through the woods was filmed on a {{convert|40|ft|m}}-long dolly track. Pearl filmed the sequence using different angles and techniques, experimenting with focal length, Pearl filmed a large selection of different shots that were used in the editing process.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=93-104}}

Sally's final escape was shot on a remote and rarely-used stretch of road, miles north of Austin.{{sfn|Rife 2023}} Before filming, the local sheriff was notified by the film crew of the film's production, who told him not to worry if he received any complaints from the locals. According to Hansen, the sheriff would only become outraged when the film crew blocked the road for an entire day.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=27-36}}{{sfn|Helms 2013}} The final scene of Leatherface spinning around with his chainsaw, referred to as the "Chainsaw Dance", was partially improvised on the day of shooting.{{sfn|Balun|1988|pp=48-51}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=160-161}} Hansen wrote that his performance in the scene came from all his frustration during filming, jokingly referred to it as a last-ditch effort to 'kill' the director.{{sfn|Mulleavy 2014}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=160-161}}

{{main|User:Paleface Jack/Special effects of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|l1 = Special effects of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre}}

Bob Burns was hired early in pre-production as the director of casting and art design, with additional roles in production design and special effects supervisor.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=31}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=5-16}}{{sfn|Crawford|1974|p=5}} Burns had met Hooper eight years prior and had worked on the press kit designs for Eggshells.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=22}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=17-26}}{{sfn|Wooley|1994|p=53}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=19}}}} Preparations began two months in advance of principal photography, with a total of $30,000 allocated for props and set decorations.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=27-36}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=26}} The special effects were simple and limited by the budget,{{sfn|Freeland|2018|pp=241-242}} and the cast often performed their own stunts.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=57-59}}{{sfn|Smith 2014}}

The interior of the cannibals' house was decorated by Burns, Church, and members of the production team. Most of the bones and dead animals were real, as the costs of acquiring them were often cheaper than the construction and purchase of alternatives.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=27-36}} Props such as furniture were constructed using a mixture of real and fake human bones, and a latex material for the upholstery, imitating the appearance of human skin.{{sfn|Triplett 2006}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=46}} Props for the film were briefly put on display at the UTA Union Art Gallery once filming had wrapped under the title Memories of Meat.{{sfn|Lellis|1973|p=23}}

Production of the film was fraught with on-set difficulties, caused by extreme weather, malfunctioning equipment, and poor working conditions.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=4-5}}{{sfn|Wood 2014}}{{sfn|Gelten 2019}}{{sfn|Fordy 2022}}{{sfn|Smith 2014}}}} Production was forced to restart after the first week of filming interior and exterior shots at the house. Members of the cast and crew have given contradictory statements on the real reason for the reset; Hooper and Pearl would describe a faulty or damaged camera lens, resulting in an entire week's worth of unusable footage,{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=26-27}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=52-53}} while others would state lack of funding or preparation as the reason. As a result, Bozman would demand that Hooper create a shot list for each day of filming. The shot list was never followed, Hooper later admitted to Pearl the reason for creating it was to "get them (the executives) to shut up".{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=37-44}} Hooper's direction often clashed with financers of the film, who insisted that he abide by the shot list. In one instance, Hooper and the crew threatened to quit if production did not allow them the freedom to shoot additional sequences.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=55-64}}

The small budget and concerns over high-cost equipment rentals meant the crew filmed seven days a week, up to sixteen hours a day.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=46}}{{sfn|CNN 2004}} The cast and crew found working conditions rough, with reported temperatures peaking at 110°F (43 °C) on July 26th.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=5}} Most of the cast performed their own stunts, resulting in close calls and on-set injuries. Church often worked as a stunt double for the female cast,{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=58, 252}} and suffered minor injuries. Marilyn was injured on multiple occasions while filming both chase scenes.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=101-103}} The Leatherface mask limited Hansen's visibility, resulting in many injuries on set.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=63}} Hooper later stated that "everyone hated me by the end of the production" and that "it just took years for them to kind of cool off."{{sfn|Smith 2014}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=163}}

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was originally scheduled for 14 days of principle photography, though problems in production it took 28 to 56 days to wrap.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=52}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=5-16}} The film exceeded its original $60,000 (${{inflation|US-GDP|60000|1974|fmt=c|r=-3}} adjusted for inflation{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) budget during editing.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=33}} Sources differ on the final cost, offering figures between $93,000 and $300,000 (${{inflation|US-GDP|93000|1974|fmt=c|r=-3}} and ${{inflation|US-GDP|300000|1974|fmt=c|r=-5}} inflation-adjusted{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}).{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Bloom|2004|pp=1-7}}{{sfn|Herrera 2024}}{{sfn|West|1974|p=9}}{{sfn|David 2014}}{{sfn|The Numbers 2024}}{{sfn|Halberstam|1995|p=148}}{{sfn|Rockoff|2011|p=42}}}}

File:Steenbeck 16mm flatbed ST 921 (6498601571).jpg 16mm editing table was used by the filmmakers to edit the film.{{sfn|Seitz 2014}}]]

Larry Carroll was suggested for the film's editor by Daniel Pearl,{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=23}} and hired early in production.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=72}} Carroll was on-set for most of the production, viewing and organizing dailies.{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=32-33}} Carroll worked closely with Nicolaou, conferring with each other on the audio logs to assist with the post-production synchronization.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=142-148}} As rewrites to the script continued during filming, Carroll relied more on Nicolaou's detailed scene notes and audio logs when assembling a rough cut for Hooper.{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=32-33}}

Post-production officially began in October 1973,{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=32-33}} with Hooper and Carroll editing the film at the offices of ShoutOut Films{{efn|A freelance production company co-owned by some members of the Chain Saw crew.}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=34}} on a Steenbeck 16mm editing table.{{sfn|Seitz 2014}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=73}} Assistant director Sallye Richardson{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=262}} was also brought back as assistant editor.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=142-148}} While post-production was initially scheduled for completion in four weeks, editing continued into the following year and Carroll was forced to leave the production due to other editing commitments.{{efn|According to Richardson, Carroll's style did not match Hooper's vision for the film, and she was brought in to replace Carroll. She states that the majority of Carroll's edits were discarded and Carroll remained credited as editor per an agreement with the filmmakers.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=72}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=142-148}}}} As Parsley continued to demand a finished product, Richardson took over editing duties.{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=34}} The editing process, according to Richardson, focused on "the ebb and flow" of the suspense in each scene. Richardson would arrive at the office after hours, editing the film under Hooper's supervision throughout the night and sleeping during the day.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=73}}

While editing, it was discovered that additional footage was needed to piece the film together.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=74-76}} According to Richardson, Hooper was dissatisfied with the current cut of the film "We could see it wasn't working, and Tobe felt he needed something at the beginning".{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=72-76}} Insert shots were filmed by Hooper and edited into the film.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=75-76}} Pick-ups included the opening sequence,{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=75-76}} which was filmed at the Bagdad Cemetery, located in Leander, Texas,{{sfn|Rife 2023}} with sunspot footage purchased from NASA.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=75-76}} Marilyn was brought back during post-production to pick-ups for the dinner scene, which consisted of extreme close-ups of Marilyn's eyes, reaction shots, and footage of her screaming. Tobe and the crew spent several hours filming in the studio, "I went down there, and it seemed like four to five hours." Marilyn states.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=118-121}} When production ran out of funds, editing continued at Hooper's residence before additional financial backing allowed for production to be completed at an editing house in Los Angeles.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=77-78}}

Several scenes from the script were cut during editing, most of which were extended or alternate versions of scenes, and additional sequences were later deemed unnecessary. One of the more substantial scenes to be cut involved an alternate opening for the film with shots of a dead dog. Described by Hooper as "too much", it was later replaced with shots of a dead armadillo.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=27}} According to Hansen, the sequence of Sally taking refuge at the gas station was longer and involved a scene where Leatherface has a tantrum after failing to capture Sally. Hansen later commented that the scene was "a lame attempt to express Leatherface's feelings".{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=105}} In the original dinner scene, Leatherface walks towards a bucket of different face masks to pretty himself up. This scene involved Leatherface comparing his current mask with a new one before applying makeup in front of a mirror. While the scene was filmed, it was ultimately cut from the film.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=116-117}}

{{Main|The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (soundtrack)}}

{{Quote box

|quote = Both Tobe and I loved that boundary between music and sound. That wonderful mushy grey area between "is it music?" or "is it just sound?" is an area we loved playing in, and it's an important component of what we were doing, so there becomes some indistinction, and that you the audience don't know is just fine.

|source = — Wayne Bell in 2017 on creating the music for The Texas Chain Saw Massacre{{sfn|Brigden 2017}}

|width = 40%

|bgcolor =

}}

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre is often cited by writers for its experimental blend of music and sound effects,{{sfn|Brigden 2017}}{{sfn|Jara 2022}}{{sfn|Murillo|Roche|2021|pp=1-11}} an aesthetic described by British magazine Little White Lies as "a complex layering of percussive, organic and electronic sounds".{{sfn|Puddicombe 2016}} The film score was co-produced by Hooper and Wayne Bell,{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=99}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=27-36}}{{sfn|Thrower|2007|pp=440-442}} with Nicolaou providing sound effects during principal photography.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=52-53}}{{sfn|Harden 2003}} Hooper had envisioned the film as an experience that "would enter your mind the way music does", opting for an aggressive aesthetic for the film's score.{{sfn|Wescott 2022}} Blending music with sound effects, according to Bell, was intentional as it added to the level of unease through the uncertainty of what the audience hears.{{sfn|Brigden 2017}}

Sound mixing was an integral part of the film's atmosphere and score, achieved through recording a wide range of musical instruments and natural sounds.{{sfn|Brigden 2017}}{{sfn|Puddicombe 2016}} When creating the sound design, Hooper and Bell blended music and sound so they would sometimes "clash" together.{{sfn|Brigden 2017}} Hooper deliberately incorporated animal sounds into certain scenes, in an attempt to recreate sounds occurring in a slaughterhouse,{{sfn|Hawkes 2015}} Bell recalls that the sounds of a pig were performed by his father.{{sfn|Brigden 2024}} Audio tracks were also created before the scenes were filmed, and based only on certain plot points, such as scenes of tension, the presence of characters in a room, or chase scenes. Multiple stringed and percussive instruments were used in conjunction to the film's score.{{sfn|Brigden 2017}} Cymbals were spliced through Chain Saw{{'}}s score to add a metallic, warped quality to the mix.{{sfn|Brigden 2017}}{{sfn|Brigden 2024}} Manipulating the intensity of the natural sounds in the film was also important, according to Bell. In the scene where Leatherface attacks Kirk with a hammer, the sounds of bones and brass instruments are blended into the soundtrack.{{sfn|Brigden 2017}}

File:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre -Opening Titles.ogg

The film features seven original songs, written and performed by local artists.{{sfn|Harden 2003}}{{sfn|Coyle|Hayward|2009|p=132}}{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=226}} The song "Fool For A Blond", written and performed by Roger Bartlett, is briefly heard as the group picks up the Hitchhiker.{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=226}}{{sfn|Coyle|Hayward|2009|p=135}} According to Hooper, he chose it specifically for the scene because he felt it created an atmosphere of lightness and a strong contrast between what the viewer hears and sees.{{sfn|Harden 2003}}{{sfn|Coyle|Hayward|2009|p=132}} Other songs were written and performed by Timberline Rose, Arkey Blue, and Los Cyclones.{{sfn|Harden 2003}} Attempts were made to track down the original artists to record an official soundtrack album for the film. Issues with copyright holders made the project unfeasible, and the project was abandoned.{{sfn|Harden 2003}} An official soundtrack was later released for the first time by Waxwork Records in December 2024.{{sfn|Brigden 2024}}{{sfn|Boccella 2024}}

Over the years, the film's soundtrack has received recognition for its subtle provocation of disorientation and dread.{{sfn|Brigden 2017}}{{sfn|Puddicombe 2016}} In 2019, Rolling Stone included it as one of the 35 best horror film soundtracks, defining it as "dirty, outlaw country music combined with warped mainstream music" and deeming it "background noise turned into an avant-garde soundtrack".{{sfn|Rolling Stone 2019}} The soundtrack has been cited by the experimental pop band Animal Collective as a strong influence upon their musical output.{{sfn|Lynch 2022}}

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre struggled to attain funds through the entirety of its production. When hiring cast and crew members for the film, Bozman notified them that he would have to defer part of their salaries until after it was sold to a distributor, as they did not have sufficient funds to pay them. Vortex made the idea more attractive by awarding them a share of its potential profits, ranging from 0.25 to 6%, similar to mortgage points. The cast and crew were not informed that Vortex owned only 50%, which meant their points were worth half of the assumed value.{{sfn|Hansen|1985|pp=163-164}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=4}} Before the completion of the film, a total of $40,000 in cast and crew salaries had been deferred.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=4}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=22}}{{sfn|Konow|2012|p=162}} Funds to complete the project were obtained from a film production group, Pie in the Sky, led by future President of the Texas State Bar Joe K. Longley provided $23,532 (${{inflation|US-GDP|23532|1974|fmt=c|r=-3}} inflation-adjusted{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) in exchange for 19% of Vortex.{{sfn|Bloom|2004|pp=1-7}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|p=24}} This left Henkel and Hooper a 45% stake, with 35% to be divided among the rest of the cast and crew.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}

In the summer of 1974, Skareen began shopping a rough cut of the film in hopes of acquiring a distributor to finance the remaining editing costs. Columbia Pictures briefly showed interest during this period, offering to pay production in advance for the deal, but rescinded a week later.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}} David Foster, who later produced the 1982 horror film The Thing, arranged for a private screening for West Coast executives of Bryanston Distributing Company, and received 1.5% of Vortex's profits and a deferred fee of $500 (${{inflation|US-GDP|500|1974|fmt=c|r=-2}} inflation-adjusted{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}).{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}} On August 28, 1974, Louis Peraino of Bryanston agreed to distribute the film worldwide, from which Bozman and Skaaren would receive $225,000 (${{inflation|US-GDP|225000|1974|fmt=c|r=-5}} inflation-adjusted{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) and 35% of the profits.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}} Bryanston was already responsible for producing box office hits.{{sfn|Adler|2011|pp=180-184}} Producers and filmmakers signed a contract with Bryanston and after the investors recouped their money (with interest),—and after Skaaren, the lawyers, and the accountants were paid—only $8,100 (${{inflation|US-GDP|8100|1974|fmt=c|r=-2}} inflation-adjusted{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) was left to be divided among the cast and crew.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}

The film cycled through several titles during production, including Headcheese,{{sfn|United States Copyright Office 2024}}{{sfn|Petridis|2019|p=54}} Leatherface,{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|United States Copyright Office 2024}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=4-5}}{{sfn|White|1974|pp=28-29}}{{sfn|Lellis|1973|p=14}}}} and Saturn in Retrograde,{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=34}}{{sfn|Herrera 2024}} with the latter title a reference to the astrological themes that never made the final draft.{{sfn|Herrera 2024}} Skaaren is credited with coming up with the film's title.{{sfn|Herrera 2024}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}

{{Main article|User:Paleface Jack/Themes and Analysis of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|l1=Themes and analysis of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre}}

Since its release, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre has been subject to extensive analysis of its style, themes, and artistic merits. Vigorous discussions on a variety of cultural, social, and political themes identified by critics and commentators have persisted since its original release. It was one of the earliest horror films to be subject to scholarly discussions with the 1984 publication of Christopher Sharrett's essay The Idea of the Apocalypse in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre,{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=xix}} and paved the way for the incorporation of social commentary within the genre.{{sfn|Magistrale|2005|p=153}}

Chain Saw, like many of Hooper's films, thematizes and parodies contemporary American life of the period.{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Magistrale|2005|p=153}} Developed during the 1973–1975 recession and public mistrust of authority,{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Petridis|2019|p=53}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|pp=13-14}} further explores the impact of industry advancement and its effect upon urban communities.{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Museum of Modern Art 2024}} It has been the subject of extensive critical discussion; critics and scholars have interpreted it as a paradigmatic exploitation film in which female protagonists are subjected to brutal, sadistic violence.{{sfn|Weaver|Tamborini|1996|p=36}}{{sfn|Prince|2004|p=113}} Accusations of misogynist undertones have persisted in the decades after its release.{{sfn|Mackey|1977|pp=12-14}}{{sfn|Wells|Hakanen|1997|p=476}} Cast members, including Burns and Hansen, have criticized this assessment.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=68}}

Alternate Image: Photograph of theatres playing the film (1974-1980)

File:Texas Chainsaw Hollywood Theater.png in Portland, Oregon, in July 2014.]]

Bryanston scheduled The Texas Chain Saw Massacre for an October 1st premiere in Austin, Texas,{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Konow|2012|p=167}}{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=237}}{{sfn|Wood 2014}}}} with screenings in over 200 local and drive-in theaters.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}{{sfn|Greenspun|1977|p=15}} Neal attended a number of these screenings in Austin, intentionally frightening attendees during his scenes until the theatre owners told him to desist.{{sfn|Hawkes 2015}} It later screened nationally in the United States on October 4th, as a Saturday afternoon matinée,{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=39}} later expanding to approximately 200-screen wide release by October 11th.{{sfn|White|1974|pp=28-29}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=149-158}} On October 30th, it opened in 105 theaters in New York, and an additional 45 theaters in Los Angeles.{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=39}}{{sfn|New York Times 1974}} False advertising as a "true story" factored heavily into the film's marketing campaign,{{sfn|Wood 2014}}{{sfn|Kates|1974|p=2}} with some advertisements promoting it as "the first horror film made in Austin".{{sfn|Crawford|1974|p=5}}

An opening in New York's Cinema Village in 1975 was deemed a huge hit. Attending the screening, journalist Michael Wolff commented on the opening as "a cultural experience but an acquired taste", with young cinemagoers filling the air with pot smoke as the film played.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}} By March 27, Toronto-based newspaper Exalibur reported the film was currently screening in 230 theaters across the country, describing one theatre as "overflowing with thrill seekers".{{sfn|Clements|1975|p=18}} Midnight screenings of the film were highly successful, attracting crowds of cinema-goers for the next couple of years.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}} For eight years after 1976, it was annually reissued to first-run theaters.{{sfn|Bowen|2004|pp=17–18}} By 1982, the film had been distributed to over 85 countries.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}

The film was re-released theatrically by New Line Cinema after the company acquired distribution rights.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=3}} In 2021, it was given a limited release in Australia.{{sfn|Box Office Mojo 2024}} In 2014, a 4K restoration was released theatrically{{sfn|McCormick 2014}} and screened in the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.{{sfn|Goodfellow 2014}}{{sfn|Tartaglione 2014}} On October 1, 2024, a more complete restoration was re-released theatrically to celebrate its 50th anniversary.{{sfn|BoxOffice Pro 2024}}

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was a box-office hit.{{sfn|Muir|2015|pp=17-18}}{{sfn|Savlov 1998}} On October 16th, Bryanston began running full-page advertisements, claiming the film had grossed $602,133 (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|602133|1974|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) at its Texas screenings within its first four days,{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=39}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|p=17}}{{sfn|Hannan|2019|p=181}}}} surpassing many of Bryanson's releases up to that period, including their American release of Bruce Lee's Return of the Dragon (1972), and Andy Warhol's Flesh for Frankenstein (1973).{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=149-158}}{{sfn|Clements|1975|p=18}} By the third week it placed at number three for the highest-grossing films behind The Longest Yard and Airport 1975, with $456,000 (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|456000|1974|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}).{{sfn|Variety|1974|p=11}} In its first five months of release, it grossed $5{{nbsp}}million to $7{{nbsp}}million (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|5000000|1974|r=-3}}}} to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|7000000|1974|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) in North America.{{sfn|Clements|1975|p=18}} It earned $14.421{{nbsp}}million (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|14421000|1974|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) in distributors' rentals during its theatrical release in 1974 in the United States and Canada.{{sfn|Cook|2002|p=229}}{{sfn|Box Office Report 2005}} After a year-long theatrical run, it had grossed $20 million in ticket sales,{{sfn|Konow|2012|p=169}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-214}}{{sfn|Harmsworth|1976b|p=11}} adjusted for inflation to ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|20000000|1974|r=-3}}}} in 2024.{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}} In 1976, BoxOffice magazine listed at #3 of the top 10 grossing films in the U.K. that year.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=43-44}}

New Line's limited re-release of the film in 1981 provided an additional $6{{nbsp}}million (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|6000000|1981|r=-3}}}} in 2024) to its overall gross outside the U.S. and Canada,{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=3}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=64}} and in 2024, a re-release of the film grossed an additional $131,709.{{sfn|The Numbers 2024}}

Detailed box office figures of Chain Saw{{'}}s lifetime gross are unclear, as box office figures within and outside the United States are inconsistent and incomplete. According to the box-office tracking website the Numbers, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre earned $26.5{{nbsp}}million worldwide,{{sfn|The Numbers 2024}}, while Box Office Mojo reported a domestic gross of $30.9{{nbsp}}million.{{sfn|Box Office Mojo 2024}} When adjusted for inflation, this totals at ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|26572439|1974|r=-3}}}} and ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|30859000|1974|r=-3}}}},{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}} making it the 12th-highest-grossing film released in 1974.{{sfn|Cook|2002|p=229}} However, estimations of the film's lifetime worldwide gross have varied between $50{{nbsp}}million and $100{{nbsp}}million (Approximately ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|50000000|1974|r=-3}}}} and ${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|100000000|1974|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}{{efn|This inflation-adjusted amount assumes constant 1974 dollars}}).{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=83-84}}

{{See also|Video nasty|Film censorship}}

Since its original release, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre has been the target of censorship by moral activists. While on-screen gore in the film is minimal and implied, it contains extended sequences of terrorization which resulted in extensive censorship issues worldwide.{{sfn|Herrera 2024}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}} It was banned at various times in other countries, including Brazil, Chile, Finland, France, Ireland, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, and West Germany.{{sfn|Bloom|2004|pp=1-7}}{{sfn|Davis 2012}}

The Motion Picture Association of America's (MPAA) ratings board had been established several years before to replace the defunct Hays Code. The MPAA had already been criticized for its indirect censorship—reportedly almost a third of the films submitted to it had been recut to avoid an X rating.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|p=106}} Parsley had reportedly urged Hooper to aim for a commercially profitable PG rating during filming,{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=32-33}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=68-69}} and Hooper had hoped the MPAA would give the complete, uncut release print the PG rating due to its minimal amount of visible gore.{{sfn|Russo|1989|p=252}}{{sfn|Worland|2006|p=298}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=40}} It was categorized under the X rating by the MPAA. Several minutes were cut, and it was resubmitted to receive a more commercially viable R-rating. In one instance, a distributor restored the cut material and presented it under an R rating.{{sfn|Vaughn|2006|p=58}} The film was censored in Canada for a time by the Ontario Film Review Board after several cuts were made. In February 1976, two theaters in Ottawa, Canada were advised by local police to withdraw the film lest they face morality charges, superseding the film board's ruling on the film.{{sfn|Henry|1976|pp=2-3}}{{sfn|Wilson|1977|p=99}} Chain Saw was screened a year later in Ontario after it was resubmitted for classification.{{sfn|Wilson|1977|p=99}}

File:Prince Charles Cinema - panoramio.jpg (pictured in 2014), held special screenings of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre before its ban in the United Kingdom.]]

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre faced extensive censorship in the United Kingdom. On February 27, 1975, the British Board of Film Censors (BBFC) secretary Stephen Murphy informally viewed the film.{{sfn|British Board of Film Classification 2011}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=100-102}} While he admitted that it was well-made, Murphy was concerned by the high level of terrorization of its characters and focus on what he described as "abnormal psychology". In correspondence between Chain Saw{{'}}s UK distributor at the time, Hemdale International, Murphy wrote that the BBFC would reject any certification of the film, citing comparisons to the Moors murders and the board's rejection of the documentary Manson (1973). Murphy also expressed concern that the film's "studies in abnormal psychology" were suitable for public viewing.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=100-102}} It was screened for board members of the British Film Institute (BFI), who expressed their disgust over the film.{{sfn|Phelan 2014}} The BBFC refused certification in its first submission for classification on March 14,{{efn|A 1977 article by Evening Chronicle reported the BBFC first refused certification in 1974, though private screenings were still allowed at the time.{{sfn|Ging|1977|p=16}} An alternate date provided in Stefan Jaworzyn's The Texas Chain Saw Companion lists the date as March 12.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=100-102}}}} with the board stating that local councils would likely deem the film unacceptable.{{sfn|British Board of Film Classification 2011}}

It was suggested that a potential submission to the Greater London Council could ensure its release. Following the advice of the BBFC, a shorter version was later submitted to the Greater London Council, which ruled that it could be screened in London under an X certification.{{sfn|Harmsworth|1976a|p=20}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=100-102}} Some local councils approved screenings in their districts while others banned it.{{sfn|British Board of Film Classification 2011}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=100-102}} After a year-long theatrical run in London,{{sfn|Bowen|2004|p=18}} which included special screenings at the Prince Charles Cinema,{{sfn|Evening Standard|1976|p=8}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=103}} it was banned in the United Kingdom on the advice of Murphy and his successor James Ferman,{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|British Board of Film Classification 2011}}{{sfn|British Board of Film Classification 1975}}{{sfn|Chibnall|Petley|2002|pp=16-17}}{{sfn|Jones|2001|p=2578}}}} who described the film as a 'pornography of terror'.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=105}} While the British ban was in effect, the word "chainsaw" was banned from film titles, forcing imitators to rename their films.{{sfn|Morgan|2004|p=22}}

By the early 1980s, the British Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) had increased prosecution and confiscation of films they deemed a violation of the 1959's Obscene Publications Act, and the publication of the "Video Nasties" list by the DPP sparked moral panic.{{sfn|Petley|2011|p=213}} The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was officially classified under "Section Three"{{efn|Some outlets have erroneously linked to the more severe "Section One" portions of the list by some media outlets.{{sfn|McKenna|2020|p=84}}}} of the Video Nasties list,{{sfn|McKenna|2020|p=133}} and was liable to seizure and confiscation under a "less obscene" charge.{{sfn|Petley|2011|pp=133-134}} An unrated theatrical cut was submitted to the BBFC in 1984 for a home media release but was refused certification.{{sfn|Cherry|2009|p=90}} In 1998, despite the BBFC ban, Camden London Borough Council granted the film a license.{{sfn|Clarke 2002}} After the retirement of Ferman the following year, the board passed the film uncut for theatrical and video distribution with an 18 certificate,{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=105}}{{sfn|BBC 1999}} and it was broadcast a year later on Channel 4.{{sfn|BBC 2000}}{{sfn|Egan|2012|p=243}}

When the 83-minute version of the film was submitted to the Australian Classification Board by distributor Seven Keys in June 1975, the board denied the film a classification,{{sfn|Australian Classification Board 1975a}} and similarly refused classification of a 77-minute print in December that year.{{sfn|Australian Classification Board 1975b}} It was later submitted by Filmways Australasian Distributors and approved for an R18+ rating by the ACB in 1984.{{sfn|Australian Classification Board 1984}}

Upon release, the film received polarized reviews.{{sfn|American Film Institute 2023}} Critics often described the film as "well made", while its intensity and "gruesome" elements were a source of criticism. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it two stars, stating it was "without any apparent purpose, unless the creation of disgust and fright is a purpose", but wrote positively on its acting and technical execution.{{sfn|Ebert 1974}}{{sfn|Ebert|1989|p=748}} The Times critic David Robinson commented that the film, while well made, was essentially "unpalatable".{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=107}}

Open hostility and condemnation by critics and the public towards its dark, oppressive tone and violence worldwide were widely reported.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Museum of Modern Art 2024}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=149-158}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=3}}{{sfn|Greenspun|1977|p=14}}}} During his opening monologue, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson host Johnny Carson lambasted the film and the MPAA's decision to award it an R rating.{{sfn|Bloom|2004|pp=1-7}}{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=149-158}} Some critics refused to review the film based on its content,{{sfn|Ballard|1974|p=14}}{{sfn|Mitchell|1977|p=6}} while others were derisive, calling it "cheap sensationalist rubbish".{{sfn|Ging|1977|p=16}} Linda Gross of the Los Angeles Times called it "despicable", and described the filmmakers as more concerned with creating "ugly and obscene" violence than with its "plastic script".{{sfn|Gross|1974|p=98}} In his 1976 article "Fashions in Pornography" for Harper's Magazine, Stephen Koch denounced the film as "a vile piece of crap", describing it as 'pornography of gore' and compared its level of violence to a snuff film.{{sfn|Staiger|2000|p=183}}{{efn|Koch's editorial on Chain Saw was later criticized by some writers who highlighted its many inaccuracies on the film and its plot. Specifically, portions where Koch describes story points such as necrophilia and self-immolation, none of which occur in the film.{{sfn|Greenspun|1977|p=14}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=149-150}}}} The Province{{'}}s Michael Walsh opined the film as "extremely gruesome and disgusting",{{sfn|Walsh|1975|p=10}} Daily News called it "a violent piece of junk" and the entire production "inept".{{sfn|Guarino|1974|p=37}} The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' Office for Film and Broadcasting's Catholic Film Newsletter wrote that the film was "a stream of unrelieved and explicit gore". The publication also decried it and those who enjoyed the film as "sick".{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=106}} Writing on the film's 1976 Canadian release, Frank Daley said the film's only purpose was to "explore new depths of sadism and blood-letting".{{sfn|Daley|1976|p=21}}

Some critics praised the film, highlighting its raw emotional power and intensity, in addition to Hooper's direction. One of Chain Saw{{'}}s earliest advocates, the critic Rex Reed called it "the most terrifying film I have ever seen". In his review, Reed praised the film's relentless ability to "drive you out of your mind", while cautioning that it was not for the weak-hearted.{{sfn|Reed|1974|p=250}} The Cincinnati Enquirer{{'}}s Donald B. Berrigan echoed Reed's sentiment, writing that its depiction of horror was "highly convincing" and "soul-crushing".{{sfn|Berrigan|1974|p=159}} Writing for the New Jersey newspaper The Record, John Crittenden called the film "a masterpiece", highlighting its 'nightmare inducing' intensity. As Crittenden argues, like Night of the Living Dead, the film "offer[s] intense experiences every bit as magnificent as the ones we get in movies that are generally considered good."{{sfn|Crittenden|1974|p=33}} For Castle of Frankenstein writer Paul Roen, Chain Saw extended the boundaries of what horror films can achieve. Roen argues that the film was not "gratuitously gory" as some have claimed, but insightful in conveying the horrors it portrays.{{sfn|Roen|Buonnano|1975|pp=6-8}} John McCarty of Cinefantastique highlighted the tension, atmosphere, and thrills as "extremely powerful".{{sfn|McCarty|1975|p=36}}

{{expand section}}

Audience members walked out of theaters in disgust during a sneak preview in San Francisco.{{sfn|Murphy|1974|p=13}} Cinema-goers had purchased tickets to a Disney film and were, instead, shown the film. Many of them purportedly demanded their money back.{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=39}} Despite its mixed critical reviews, controversies over its content, and viewer reaction, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was an unexpected hit, with some theatres screening it to full capacity.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}}

Reports of strong audience reactions were widespread.{{sfn|White|1974|pp=28-29}} Many viewers reportedly screamed,{{sfn|Roen|Buonnano|1975|pp=8}} while others were reported to have cheered during the kill scenes.{{sfn|Modleski|2000|p=290}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=67}}

Many audience members walked out during the hook hanging, the film's most nauseating scene.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=67}}Add Footnote on audience perception of the scene

Public outcry and implied violence

Studies have been made on the psychological effects of the film over the years. In 1984, Journal of Communication published a study by media and psychology professors, documenting the psychological effects on a group of men viewing five films depicting differing levels of violence against women.{{sfn|Linz|Donnerstein|Penrod|1984|pp=130–147}} On first viewing The Texas Chain Saw Massacre they experienced symptoms of depression and anxiety; however, upon subsequent viewing, they found the violence against women less offensive and more enjoyable.{{sfn|Linz|Donnerstein|Penrod|1984|pp=130–147}}{{sfn|Bogart|2017|p=349}} The scientific journal Sex Roles published a 2000 study which investigated the gender-specific perceptions of slasher films, involving 30 male and 30 female university students. One male participant was quoted saying the film was "intensely unpleasant". In their documented response, the viewer described being drained after viewing the film, and particularly disturbed by the screaming and torment depicted in the film. They went on to state that their perception of the gore and graphic violence "made me feel awful—almost guilty—for watching it."{{sfn|Nolan|Ryan|2000|pp=39-54}} Jesse Stommel of Bright Lights Film Journal states that the lack of explicit violence in the film forces viewers to question their fascination with violence that they play a central role in imagining. Nonetheless—citing its feverish camera moves, repeated bursts of light, and auditory pandemonium—Stommel asserts that the film involved the audience primarily on a sensory rather than an intellectual level.{{sfn|Stommel 2011}}

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was selected for the 1975 Cannes Film Festival Directors' Fortnight{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Macor|2017|p=58}}{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=55}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=86}}{{sfn|Bowen|2004|p=18}}}} and London Film Festival.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Savlov 1998}}{{sfn|Cook|2002|p=229}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=86}}{{sfn|Petley|2011|p=47}}}} In 1976, it won the Special Jury Prize at the Avoriaz Fantastic Film Festival in France.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=86}}

{{Main article|Bryanston Distributing Company}}

Despite its financial success, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre had a troubled legal history. During its theatrical run, Bryanston refused to pay investors, including the cast and crew, their full percentage of the profits.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=81-85}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}} At the time of Bryanston's acquisition of film distribution rights to The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, rumors were circulating on the company's purported connection to the Colombo crime family.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}}{{sfn|Adler|2011|pp=180-184}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=3}}{{sfn|Konow|2012|p=168}}{{sfn|Macor|2017|pp=52-53}}}} Later court documents revealed that former Colombo family associate and mobster Sonny Franzese was a known investor of the film.{{sfn|Leonard 2010}} Years later, Bozman stated, "We made a deal with the devil, [sigh], and I guess that, in a way, we got what we deserved."{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=3}}

Bryanston had claimed to investors that their 35% stake was worth $5,700 (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|5700|1974|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) in the eighteen months of its release,{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=81-85}} contradicting previous reports.{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=144-146}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=81-85}} Bryanston sent investors four quarterly financial reports on the film which claimed gross receipts had totaled $1.082 million (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|1082422|1975|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}). However, in a 1982 interview with Bryanston's former vice president of advertising and publicity, Ira Teller, she described the company's earnings from the film as reaching $6 million (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|6000000|1975|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) by December 1975.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|pp=161-162}} Payments to investors were minimal with checks varying from $28 to $300.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=81-85}} By the fall of 1975, cast and crew hired the accounting firm Solomon & Finger to perform audits on Bryanston's financial records, although this was unsuccessful.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}} Principal investors Kuhn and Skaaren later visited Peraino in New York after Bryanston refused to account for or file any reports of their profits, giving them notice to audit their financial records to which Peraino refused.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|pp=81-85}}

Lawsuits against Bryanston over Chain Saw{{'}}s profits began after the film's release and continued into the 21st century. In 1976, Chain Saw{{'}}s producers sued Bryanston for failing to pay them their full percentage of the box office profits.{{sfn|Nowell|2010|p=32}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=163}} At that time, Bryanston had secretly assigned film rights to Joseph Brenner Associates, in exchange for the latter paying $10,000 (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|10000|1976|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) owed to the National Film Service.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}} Los Angeles Times reported a total of 25 separate lawsuits were filed against its distributors.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=3}} A settlement was reached by February 1977{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}} and Bryanston was instructed to pay the filmmakers $400,00 (${{inflation|US-GDP|400000|1974|fmt=c|r=-5}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}), but by then the company had declared bankruptcy,{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=35-38}}{{sfn|Nowell|2010|p=32}} and millions of dollars in the film's profits were never paid to the cast and crew.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=3}} Swadevale, an English distributor and subsidiary of Bryanston, still received 20% of all rentals for the film in the UK and foreign markets. In a 1977 agreement, Kuhn allowed the company to continue distributing the film in exchange for $14,500 (${{formatprice|{{inflation|US-GDP|14500|1977|r=-3}}}} in 2024{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) in profits owed.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=43-44}}

Optional Image: VHS cover

In 1982, home media distributor Wizard Video acquired videocassette rights to the film for $200,000 (${{inflation|US-GDP|200000|1982|fmt=c|r=-5}} inflation-adjusted{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}), the highest paid for an independent film at the time.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|p=24}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=1}} It was released on VHS and Capacitance Electronic Disc (CED) in the United States early by Wizard Video and Vestron Video that same year.{{sfn|Billboard|1982|p=48}} The release was among the most popular video rentals at the time according to some news outlets,{{sfn|Ulrich|1982|p=8}} and debut at #1 in top video sales, with 22,000 copies sold that year.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|p=24}}{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|p=1}}{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=164}} Releases of the film on VHS and CED expanded significantly by the late 1980s and 1990s, both in the United States and overseas. It was briefly released on VHS in the United Kingdom in the 1980s by Iver Film Services, including cut and uncut versions until its ban by the BBFC.{{sfn|BBC 1999}} By late 1982, Iver reported earnings of $73,900 (${{inflation|US-GDP|73900|1982|fmt=c|r=-5}} inflation-adjusted{{sfn|Consumer Price Index 2024}}) in videocassette sales.{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=43-44}}

It was released on LaserDisc by MPI Home Video in the United States in November 1993,{{sfn|McGowan|1993|p=73}} followed by its DVD debut on October 6, 1998, distributed by Geneon USA.{{sfn|Gilchrist 2006}} In the United Kingdom, Blue Dolphin released on DVD in May 2000, following the end of its almost 25-year ban in the UK.{{sfn|BBC 1999}}{{sfn|Coates 2001}} In 2005, it received a 2K scan and full restoration from the original 16mm A/B rolls,{{sfn|Gingold 2005}} which was released on DVD and Blu-ray the following year. The release featured additional content, including Texas Chain Saw Massacre: The Shocking Truth and Flesh Wounds – documentaries on the production, deleted and alternate scenes, outtakes, and commentary by the cast and crew.{{sfn|McCutcheon 2006}}

In 2014, a more extensive 4K restoration was carried out under Hooper's supervision.{{sfn|Miska 2014}} It was released on DVD and Blu-ray worldwide on September 2014 as a set containing two Blu-ray discs and two DVDs, as well as special features from earlier releases and new interviews with the cast and crew.{{sfn|Wilkins 2014}} A separate, limited-edition box set came with a theatrical poster, and a "blood-splattered" apron.{{sfn|Landy 2015}} In 2020, the film was made available on The Criterion Collection's streaming service.{{sfn|Kaye 2020}} On February 2023, Dark Sky Films debuted the film on two-disk 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray and Steelbook. The release included seven hours of bonus content, including new documentaries and interviews.{{sfn|Sanderson 2022}}{{sfn|Wilkins 2023}} A new restoration was released to Ultra HD Blu-ray and limited edition VHS by Dark Sky Films in 2024.{{sfn|Squires 2024}} The release included a multi-disc collector's box set containing new extra features and a replica of Leatherface's chainsaw.{{sfn|Fangoria 2024}}{{sfn|Szadkowski 2024}} Since 2014, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre has sold 503,692 units in the U.S. in its Blu-ray format, totaling in approximately $2.5 million in sales.{{sfn|The Numbers 2024}}

Merchandise for The Texas Chain Saw Massacre includes posters, clothing, character busts and statues, action figures, and costumes.{{sfn|Hansen|2013|p=164}}

The film has inspired three theme park attractions: (Halloween Horror Nights, Six Flags, and Universal Horror Unleashed)

Two video games based on the film were released: 1983's The Texas Chainsaw Massacre developed by VSS, Inc. and published by Wizard Video Games for the Atari 2600;{{sfn|Shea|1983|p=67}} and 2023's The Texas Chain Saw Massacre by Gun Interactive, for PlayStation 4 and 5, Windows, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S.{{sfn|Leri 2023}} Other adaptions include both a tabletop game,{{sfn|Romanchick 2023}}(https://collider.com/texas-chainsaw-massacre-tabletop-game-image/) a pinball machine,{{sfn|DeVore 2023}}(https://collider.com/texas-chain-saw-massacre-pinball-game-trailer/) and a haunted house attraction.{{sfn|Weprin 2024}}

• https://www.ign.com/articles/2016/09/23/halloween-horror-nights-26-the-exorcist-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-and-halloween-brought-to-life

{{Main|Draft:Legacy and cultural impact of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|l1=Legacy and cultural impact of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|Chain Reactions (film)|2=Chain Reactions}}

• https://archive.orartswatch.org/re-examining-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre/

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre remains an enduringly popular piece of cinema.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=86}}

• https://variety.com/lists/best-movies-of-all-time/

Later Praise: Despite its initial mixed reception, it has since been reevaluated by critics and is now acknowledged as a landmark film{{sfn|Savlov 1998}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|p=49}}{{sfn|Roche|2014|p=10}} and among the greatest horror films ever made.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|American Film Institute 2023}}{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Museum of Modern Art 2024}}{{sfn|Edmundson|1997|p=22}}{{sfn|Kerekes|Slater|2000|p=374}}{{sfn|Bromley 2021}}{{sfn|Heritage 2010}}}} A 1985 summary by critic Bill Nichols argues that the film "achieve[d] the force of authentic art, profoundly disturbing, intensely personal".{{sfn|Nichols|1985|p=214}} The Austin Chronicle{{'}}s Mike Emery wrote: "Hooper's vision is horrid yet engrossing. His subtle touches... and grotesque characterizations make rural Texas seem like a hellish place where only the strong survive". Its presentation, Emery notes, grounded the film so that "[it] never seems too far from what could be the truth".{{sfn|Emery 1998}}

Empire commented that the film "remains as disturbing, suspenseful and shattering as the day it first saw the light of a drive-in screen."

Peter Bradshaw

Sophie Morris

• Bruce Westbrook of the Houston Chronicle:
• TV Guide:
• Kim Newman Empire:https://web.archive.org/web/20120324020824/https://www.empireonline.com/reviews/review.asp?FID=3841
• Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine:https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/the-texas-chainsaw-massacre/
• Alan Jones of Radio Times:https://web.archive.org/web/20151005070618/https://www.radiotimes.com/film/cnkc6/URL
• https://variety.com/2017/film/columns/a-tribute-to-tobe-hooper-texas-chain-saw-massacre-1202539952/

Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, which has compiled old and contemporary reviews, reports that 84% of 86 critics provided positive reviews for the film, with an average rating of 7.90/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "Thanks to a smart script and documentary-style camerawork, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre achieves start-to-finish suspense, making it a classic in low-budget exploitation cinema."{{sfn|Rotten Tomatoes 2025}} On Metacritic, a similar website that aggregates both past and present reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 91 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".{{sfn|Metacritic 2024}}

• https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-stand-up-desk/texas-chainsaw-massacre-behind-the-story/
• https://www.rogerebert.com/features/you-like-this-face-jumping-into-the-void-with-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-texas-chainsaw-massacre
• https://web.archive.org/web/20170827115755/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/aug/27/tobe-hooper-appreciation-texas-chainsaw-massacre-american-family
• https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/screens/2024-08-14/how-moma-made-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-respectable/

• Print was donated to the MoMA The year of its release, the film was selected by New York City's Museum of Modern Art for its permanent collection,{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Museum of Modern Art 2024}}{{sfn|Muir|2015|p=17}}{{sfn|Staiger|2000|p=183}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|p=129}}}} and was inducted into the Horror Hall of Fame in 1990, with director Hooper accepting the award.{{sfn|Davies|2003|p=109}} The Academy Film Archive houses the Texas Chain Saw Massacre Collection, which contains over fifty items, including many original elements of the film.{{sfn|Academy Film Archive 2014}}

It has frequently been placed in top film polls by film critics and industry professionals. In 2005 British film magazine Total Film ranked it at number 1 in their list of the greatest horror films ever made,{{sfn|BBC 2005}}{{sfn|Kumi 2005}} and in 2010 it was voted into first place in an additional Total Film poll of leading directors and stars of horror films.{{sfn|The Telegraph 2010}} In a 2010 Total Film poll, it was again selected as the greatest horror film; the judging panel included veteran horror directors such as John Carpenter, Wes Craven, and George A. Romero.{{sfn|Future 2010}}{{sfn|The Guardian 2010}} It has since appeared in several publications as one of the best horror films of all time, including Thrillist (2016),{{sfn|Weinberg 2016}} Consequence of Sound (2019),{{sfn|Consequence of Sound 2019}} Slant Magazine (2019),{{sfn|Slant Magazine 2019}} MovieWeb (2022),{{sfn|Arabian 2022}} Esquire (2023),{{sfn|Esquire 2023}} and Variety (2024).{{sfn|Variety 2024}}

Some publications have included it in their polls of greatest films of all time, including The Village Voice (1999),{{sfn|The Village Voice 1999}}, Empire magazine (2008),{{sfn|Empire 2008}} and Sight and Sound (2012).{{sfn|Sight and Sound 2012}} It is also listed in the film reference book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die.{{sfn|Schneider|2013|p=581}} In 2024, the United States Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry, recognizing it as "a cultural, generational and filmmaking touchstone".{{sfn|Zongker 2024}}

The film was nominated by American Film Institute in these lists:

• AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – No. 345 (nominated){{sfn|American Film Institute 2002}}
• AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains- Leatherface (nominated villain){{sfn|American Film Institute 2005}}

• https://www.vice.com/en/article/pop-vox-whats-your-favorite-fright-film-fuckface-58477f0c068ed4026770a5cb/
• https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/08/movies/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-anniversary.html
• https://www.fangoria.com/scarred-for-life-what-horror-movie-changed-your-life/
• https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/features/texas-chainsaw-massacre-horror-films-x-b2042205.html

Since its release, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre has had a significant impact on the horror genre and popular culture,{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Rockoff|2011|p=42}}{{sfn|Gleiberman 2009}}{{sfn|Knöppler|2017|p=211}}}} noted as one of the first feature films from Austin to gain significant critical and commercial attention.{{sfn|Whittaker 2014}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=18}} By 1975, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was already considered a cult film,{{sfn|Herrera 2024}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|p=18}} and accumulated a large following among horror fans.{{sfn|Herrera 2024}}{{sfn|Peary|1981|pp=347-348}}

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre is credited for setting the template for subsequent horror films and influencing the developing slasher genre.{{sfn|Herrera 2024}}{{sfn|Knöppler|2017|pp=183-210}}{{sfn|Sumner|2010|p=109}} Story elements in the film, including groups of young people being picked off one by one by a killer, have become a staple of the genre.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1986|pp=26-29}}{{sfn|Knöppler|2017|pp=183-210}}{{sfn|Nolan|Ryan|2000|pp=39-56}}{{sfn|Zoglin 1999}}}} According to the Entertainment Weekly writer Rebecca Ascher-Walsh, the film laid the foundations for the Halloween, Evil Dead, and Blair Witch franchises.{{sfn|Ascher-Walsh 2000}} Similarly, the character Leatherface has gained a reputation as a horror icon,{{sfn|Wood 2014}}{{sfn|Schechter|Everitt|2006|p=232}}{{sfn|Mendik|2002|p=178}} introducing the use of conventional tools as murder weapons, as well as the portrayal of a large, deranged killer devoid of personality.{{efn-lr|Attributed to multiple references:{{sfn|Herrera 2024}}{{sfn|Zinoman|2011|pp=139-141}}{{sfn|Fulwood|2003|p=93}}{{sfn|Peucker|2006|p=180}}}}

• Chain Saw had a major influence on the independent film industry. As

Other films, television shows, and video games have extensively referenced or parodied the film, including Saturday Night Live, Motel Hell (1980), Nothing but Trouble (1991), Tucker & Dale vs. Evil (2010),

Many filmmakers have spoken of their appreciation for the film or cited its influence on their work, including Wes Craven,{{sfn|Bowen|2004|pp=16-17}}{{sfn|Paul 2017}} Ridley Scott,{{sfn|Robb|2005|p=37}} Christoph Schlingensief,{{sfn|Forrest|Scheer|2010|p=44}} Alexandre Aja,{{sfn|Dicker 2008}} Rob Zombie,{{sfn|Wood 2014}}{{sfn|Spencer 2011}} Eli Roth,{{sfn|Kraus 2003}} Fede Álvarez,{{sfn|Piepenburg 2024}} Ti West,{{sfn| DeVega 2022}} Nicolas Winding Refn,{{sfn|Foundas 2012}} and Neil Marshall.{{sfn|Clarke 2005}} John Carpenter listed The Texas Chain Saw Massacre as one of his top eight scariest horror classics,{{sfn|Mandel 2017}} and Quentin Tarantino has called it "one of the few perfect movies ever made".{{sfn|Nattrass 2022}} In 2011, The New York Times asked prominent horror filmmakers what film they had found the scariest. Two, John Waters, John Landis, cited The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.{{sfn|Zinoman 2011}} Other filmmakers, including Stanley Kubrick{{sfn|Thomas 2022}} and Jennifer Kent,{{sfn|Foreman & Sharf 2022}} have cited The Texas Chain Saw Massacre as a favorite. The 2024 documentary Chain Reactions documents the impact and influence the film had on five select artists, including Karyn Kusama, Takashi Miike, and Stephen King.{{sfn|Ruuskanen 2024}}

{{Main|The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (franchise)}}

The Texas Chain Saw Massacre{{'}}s commercial success resulted in the production of eight other films to divided critical favor. The franchise itself is known for its inconsistent tone and fractured in-film timeline due to the frequent changes production rights.

Following New Line Cinema's purchase of distribution rights and profitable 1981 theatrical re-release of the first film,{{sfn|Bozman|2008|loc=11:40–16:25}} Hooper began brainstorming ideas for a sequel.{{sfn|Macor|2010|pages=45–46}} The project did not culminate until 1983, nine years after the release of the first film, when The Hollywood Reporter announced the project in a November 2nd trade advertisement.{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=45-46}} The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 was released in 1986, it was considerably more graphic and violent than the original, with Hooper opting to focus on the dark humor he felt was not picked up on in the first film.{{sfn|Muir|2015|p=116}}{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=54}} The film was not successful and received polarizing critical reviews.{{sfn|Dodson|Woofter|2021|p=54}} A third film, Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III was released in 1990, though Hooper did not return to direct due to scheduling conflicts.{{sfn|Jaworzyn|2012|p=188}} The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre, starring Renée Zellweger and Matthew McConaughey, was released in 1995.{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=45-46}} While briefly acknowledging the events of the preceding two sequels, its plot is a virtual remake of the 1974 original.{{sfn|Maltin|2000|p=1400}}

An official remake was released by Platinum Dunes and New Line Cinema in 2003.{{sfn|Roche|2014|p=10}}{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=45-46}} It was followed by a prequel, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning, in 2006.{{sfn|Macor|2010|pp=45-46}} A seventh film, Texas Chainsaw 3D, was released on January 4, 2013. It is a direct sequel to the original 1974 film, with no relation to the previous sequels or the 2003 remake.{{sfn|Zimmerman 2012}} A prequel, titled Leatherface, was released exclusively to DirecTV on September 21, 2017, before receiving a wider release on video on demand and in limited theaters, simultaneously, in North America on October 20, 2017.{{sfn|Miska 2017}} The latest entry, Texas Chainsaw Massacre, was released exclusively on Netflix on February 18, 2022.{{sfn|Scheck 2022}}

{{notelist|30em}}

{{notelist-lr|30em}}

{{reflist}}

• https://www.salon.com/2003/09/11/eli_roth/
• https://www.salon.com/2022/05/01/ti-west-x-pearl/
• https://www.rogerebert.com/features/you-like-this-face-jumping-into-the-void-with-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-texas-chainsaw-massacre
• https://www.indiewire.com/features/interviews/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-turns-50-leatherface-1235033174/
• https://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/movies_tv/article/texas-chainsaw-massacre-venice-film-festival-19739654.php

{{refbegin|30em}}

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• {{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills Nominees|url=https://prdaficalmjediwestussa.blob.core.windows.net/images/2019/08/thrills400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=November 25, 2024|date=2002|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|American Film Institute 2002}}}}
• {{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains Nominees|url=https://prdaficalmjediwestussa.blob.core.windows.net/images/2019/08/handv400.pdf|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=November 25, 2024|date=2005|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|American Film Institute 2005}}}}
• {{cite web|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55289|website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=February 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329044201/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55289|archive-date=March 29, 2023|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|American Film Institute 2023}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Ascher-Walsh|first=Rebecca|title=Tool Time: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974)|url=https://ew.com/ew/article/0,,278290,00.html|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=April 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606222111/https://ew.com/ew/article/0,,278290,00.html|archive-date=June 6, 2011|date=November 3, 2000|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Ascher-Walsh 2000}}}}
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• {{cite web|title=The Killing Fields, Kind Of A culinary history of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre farmhouse|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/food/2003-10-31/184100/|website=Austin Chronicle|publisher=Austin Chronicle Corp.|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629192458/http://www.austinchronicle.com/food/2003-10-31/184100/|archive-date=June 29, 2011|date=October 31, 2003|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Austin Chronicle 2003}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Texas Chain Saw Maccacre, The|url=https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/texas-chain-saw-massacre-2|website=Classification.gov|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=February 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409021135/https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/texas-chain-saw-massacre-2|archive-date=April 9, 2023|date=June 1, 1975|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Australian Classification Board 1975a}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Texas Chain Saw Maccacre, The|url=https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/texas-chain-saw-massacre-3|website=Classification.gov|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=February 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408162253/https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/texas-chain-saw-massacre-3|archive-date=April 8, 2023|date=December 12, 1975|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Australian Classification Board 1975b}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Texas Chain Saw Maccacre, The|url=https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/texas-chain-saw-massacre-4|website=Classification.gov|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=February 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408132904/https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/texas-chain-saw-massacre-4|archive-date=April 8, 2023|date=January 1, 1984|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Australian Classification Board 1984}}}}
• {{cite magazine|title=Video Cassette: Top 25 Rentals|date=February 20, 1982|magazine=Billboard|volume=94|issue=7|url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/80s/1982/BB-1982-02-20.pdf|ref={{sfnref|Billboard|1982|p=48}}}}
• {{cite magazine|title=50 Top-Grossing Films|date=November 13, 1974|magazine=Variety|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|page=11|ref={{sfnref|Variety|1974|p=11}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Adler|first=Tim|title=Hollywood and the Mob: Movies, Mafia, Sex and Death|date=November 3, 2011|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4088-2786-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjU-4bVNUeQC}}
• {{cite book|last1=Allon|first1=Yoram|last2=Cullen|first2=Del|last3=Patterson|first3=Hannah|title=Contemporary North American Film Directors: A Wallflower Critical Guide|date=December 25, 2002|publisher=Wallflower Press|isbn=978-1-9033-6452-9|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifl0AkO-KeIC|ref={{sfnref|Allon|2002|pp=246, 248-249}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Armstrong|first=Kent|title=Slasher Films: An International Filmography, 1960 through 2001|date=June 14, 2015|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-1-4766-0655-2|edition=illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLrwCQAAQBAJ|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=December 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214030206/https://books.google.com/books?id=xLrwCQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite news|last=Ballard|first=Delores|title=She wont see 'Massacre'|date=October 15, 1974|newspaper=The Jackson Sun|publisher=Gannett Company|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-jackson-sun-tcsm-the-jackson-sun-o/134969295/|access-date=March 16, 2024|page=14}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Balun|first=Chas|title=Long Live Leatherface!|date=January 1, 1988|magazine=Fangoria|volume=1|issue=70|pages=49–51}}
• {{cite news|last=Baumgarten|first=Marjorie|title=Tobe Hooper Remembers The Texas Chainsaw Massacre|date=October 27, 2000|newspaper=The Austin Chronicle|publisher=Austin Chronicle Corporation|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/screens/2000-10-27/79177/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605111113/http://www.austinchronicle.com/screens/2000-10-27/79177/|archive-date=June 5, 2011|access-date=June 10, 2010|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite web|title=Entertainment: Texas Chainsaw Massacre released uncut|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/298009.stm|publisher=BBC News|access-date=February 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112160825/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/298009.stm|archive-date=November 12, 2009|date=March 16, 1999|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|BBC 1999}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Screen 'video nasty' hits Channel 4|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/974619.stm|publisher=BBC News|access-date=February 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107215207/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/974619.stm|archive-date=January 7, 2013|date=October 16, 2000|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|BBC 2000}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Texas Massacre tops horror poll|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4323968.stm|website=BBC News|access-date=February 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831121239/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4323968.stm|archive-date=August 31, 2017|date=October 9, 2005|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|BBC 2005}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Berrigan|first=Donald|title=Parent's movie guide: Texas Chainsaw Massacre (R)|date=November 17, 1974|newspaper=The Cincinnati Enquirer|publisher=Gannett|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer/32005121/|access-date=March 22, 2024|page=159}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Bloom|first=John|title=They Came. They Sawed.|date=November 2004|magazine=Texas Monthly|volume=32|issue=11|publisher=Genesis Park, LP|location=Austin, Texas|issn=0148-7736|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/they-came-they-sawed/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818214745/https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/they-came-they-sawed/|archive-date=August 18, 2021|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Boccella|first=Maggie|title=Soundtrack Gets Its Very Own Vinyl For The First Time Ever|url=https://www.fangoria.com/texas-chain-saw-massacre-soundtrack-vinyl/|publisher=Fangoria|access-date=January 12, 2025|date=December 13, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Boccella 2024}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Bogart|first=Leo|author-link=Leo Bogart|title=Commercial Culture: The Media System and the Public Interest|date=September 29, 2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-3515-2762-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PGZQDwAAQBAJ}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Bowen|first=John|title=Return of the Power Tool Killer|date=November 1, 2004|magazine=Rue Morgue|issue=42|pages=16–22|publisher=Marrs Media}}
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• {{cite web|author=Boxoffice Staff|title=Cinemark Celebrates Spooky Season with Merch and Screening Series|url=https://www.boxofficepro.com/cinemark-celebrates-spooky-season-with-merch-and-screening-series/|website=Box Office Pro|publisher=National Association of Theatre Owners|access-date=October 18, 2024|date=September 17, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|BoxOffice Pro 2024}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Box Office Report - Revenue Database - 1974|url=http://www.boxofficereport.com/database/1974.shtml|publisher=Box Office Report|access-date=April 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614093502/http://www.boxofficereport.com/database/1974.shtml|archive-date=June 14, 2008|date=2005|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Box Office Report 2005}}}}
• {{cite video|people=Ron Bozman (Production manager)|title= The Business of Chain Saw: Interview with Ron Bozman from The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|medium=DVD|publisher=Dark Sky Films|date=2008|ref={{sfnref|Bozman|2008|loc=11:40–16:25}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Joe|author-link=Joe Bob Briggs|title=Profoundly Disturbing: Shocking Movies that Changed History!|date=April 30, 2003|publisher=Universe|isbn=978-0-7893-0844-3|edition=Illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ORYeWv8uI0C}}
• {{cite web|last=Brigden|first=Charlie|title=Why We Should Listen To Texas Chainsaw Massacre{{'}}s Score As Musique Concrete|url=https://thequietus.com/articles/23290-texas-chainsaw-massacre-soundtrack-article|website=The Quietus|access-date=February 10, 2024|archive-date=February 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224184515/https://thequietus.com/articles/23290-texas-chainsaw-massacre-soundtrack-article|date=September 29, 2017|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Brigden 2017}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Brigden|first=Charlie|title=INTERVIEW: Wayne Bell on the Long-Awaited Release of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre score|url=https://thequietus.com/news/interview-wayne-bell-on-the-long-awaited-release-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-score/|website=The Quietus|access-date=December 13, 2024|date=December 15, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Brigden 2024}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Texas Chainsaw Massacre Rejected by the BBFC|url=https://bbfc.co.uk/website/Classified.nsf/c2fb077ba3f9b33980256b4f002da32c/86714a632d6e4788802566c8003266b7?OpenDocument|website=BBFC.co.uk|publisher=British Board of Film Classification|access-date=March 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320100021/https://bbfc.co.uk/website/Classified.nsf/c2fb077ba3f9b33980256b4f002da32c/86714a632d6e4788802566c8003266b7?OpenDocument|archive-date=March 20, 2012|date=March 12, 1975|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|British Board of Film Classification 1975}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Case Studies:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|url=http://www.sbbfc.co.uk/CaseStudies/The_Texas_Chain_Saw_Massacre|website=Bbfc.co.uk|access-date=March 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720013346/http://www.sbbfc.co.uk/CaseStudies/The_Texas_Chain_Saw_Massacre|archive-date=July 20, 2011|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|British Board of Film Classification 2011}}}}
• {{cite web|title=THE TEXAS CHAIN SAW MASSACRE (18)|website=British Board of Film Classification|url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/texas-chain-saw-massacre-film|access-date=July 10, 2018|archive-date=July 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710140906/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/texas-chain-saw-massacre-film|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|British Board of Film Classification 2018}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Bromley|first=Patrick|title=Chainsaws, Space Vampires and Killer Crocodiles: Ranking All 16 of Tobe Hooper’s Horror Movies|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3682811/chainsaws-space-vampires-killer-crocodiles-ranking-16-tobe-hoopers-horror-movies/|website=Bloody Disgusting|access-date=February 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913233511/https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3682811/chainsaws-space-vampires-killer-crocodiles-ranking-16-tobe-hoopers-horror-movies/|archive-date=September 13, 2021|date=September 13, 2021|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Bromley 2021}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Carson|first=Lewis|title="Saw" Throu|date=August 1, 1986|magazine=Film Comment|volume=22|pages=9–12|jstor=43452244}}
• {{cite book|last=Castleden|first=Chloe|title=Ed Gein: The Psycho Cannibal|date=August 18, 2011|publisher=Little, Brown Book Group|isbn=978-1-7803-3341-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XsnABAAAQBAJ|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=December 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221044959/https://books.google.com/books?id=XsnABAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Cherry|first=Bridget|title=Horror|date=February 9, 2009|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-4154-5667-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Ud9AgAAQBAJ|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221192656/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Ud9AgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last1=Chibnall|first1=Steve|last2=Petley|first2=Julian|title=British Horror Cinema|date=2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-4152-3003-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H21BB8SZuyQC|access-date=2023-12-14|archive-date=2023-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716032154/https://books.google.com/books?id=H21BB8SZuyQC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Sean|title=Explained: Film censorship in the UK|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/mar/13/filmcensorship.seanclarke|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=February 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007024649/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/mar/13/filmcensorship.seanclarke|archive-date=October 7, 2021|date=March 13, 2002|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Clarke 2002}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Clarke|first=Donald|title=Subterranean sick blues|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/subterranean-sick-blues-1.466370|access-date=December 29, 2024|newspaper=The Irish Times|publisher=Irish Times Trust|date=July 9, 2005|ref={{sfnref|Clarke 2005}}}}
• {{cite web|title=The calm, peaceful life of Leatherface|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Movies/06/10/film.leatherface.ap/index.html|website=CNN.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040611042642/http://www.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Movies/06/10/film.leatherface.ap/index.html|archive-date=June 11, 2004|date=June 10, 2004|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|CNN 2004}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Clements|first=Warren|title=Chainsaws and Meathooks gross $5 Million|date=March 27, 1975|newspaper=Excalibur|publisher=Excalibur Publications Inc.|url=https://thetexaschainsawmassacre.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Excalibur-March-27-1975-22Chainsaws-and-Meathooks-Gross-5-Million22.jpg|access-date=February 14, 2014|page=18|archive-date=October 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021005118/https://thetexaschainsawmassacre.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Excalibur-March-27-1975-22Chainsaws-and-Meathooks-Gross-5-Million22.jpg|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Coates|first=Tom|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/10/02/txs_chainsaw_massacre_1974_dvd_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|access-date=August 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102154031/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/10/02/txs_chainsaw_massacre_1974_dvd_review.shtml|archive-date=January 2, 2009|date=October 2, 2001|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Coates 2001}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Collis|first=Clark|title=Texas Chainsaw memoir: Leatherface speaks!|url=http://ew.com/article/2013/10/04/gunnar-hansen-texas-chainsaw-massacre-leatherface/|website=Entertainment Weekly|publisher=Meredith Corporation|access-date=September 30, 2017|archive-date=October 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030052821/http://ew.com/article/2013/10/04/gunnar-hansen-texas-chainsaw-massacre-leatherface/|date=October 4, 2013|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Collis 2013}}}}
• {{cite web|title=The 100 Scariest Movies of All Time|url=https://consequence.net/2019/10/100-scariest-movies-of-all-time/11/|website=Consequence of Sound|publisher=Consequence Media|access-date=October 26, 2024|date=October 16, 2019|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Consequence of Sound 2019}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Consumer Price Index, 1800-|url=https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis|access-date=March 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124084748/https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-|archive-date=January 24, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Consumer Price Index 2024}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Cook|first=David|title=Lost Illusions: American Cinema in the Shadow of Watergate and Vietnam, 1970-1979|date=March 15, 2002|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-5202-3265-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVygqYMVP2wC|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=February 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224184452/https://books.google.com/books?id=HVygqYMVP2wC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last1=Coyle|first1=Rebecca|last2=Hayward|first2=Philip|editor1-last=Hayward|editor1-first=Philip|title=Terror Tracks: Music, Sound and Horror Cinema|date=July 29, 2009|publisher=Equinox Publishing|isbn=978-1-8455-3202-4|edition=Illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WBEJAQAAMAAJ|chapter=Chapter Eight: Texas Chainsaws}}
• {{cite news|last=Crawford|first=Odene|title=Texans Create Horror Film|date=October 9, 1974|newspaper=San Angelo Standard-Times|publisher=Gannett Company Inc.|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/san-angelo-standard-times-texans-create/143418101/|access-date=March 15, 2024|page=5}}
• {{cite news|last=Crittenden|first=John|title='Massacre' is horror masterpiece|date=October 31, 1974|newspaper=The Record|publisher=Gannett Company Inc.|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-massacre-is-horror-masterpi/143417696/|access-date=March 15, 2024|page=33}}
• {{cite news|last=Daley|first=Frank|title=At the Movies: The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|date=February 2, 1976|newspaper=Ottawa Journal|publisher=F.P. Publications|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-journal-the-texas-chain-saw-m/143414408/|access-date=March 17, 2024|page=21}}
• {{cite news|last=David|first=Colker|title=Marilyn Burns dies at 65; starred in Texas Chain Saw Massacre|url=https://latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-marilyn-burns-20140807-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=July 18, 2018|archive-date=October 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027175748/https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-marilyn-burns-20140807-story.html|date=August 8, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|David 2014}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Davies|first=Steven|title=A-Z of cult films and film-makers|date=March 1, 2003|publisher=Batsford Books|isbn=978-0-7134-8704-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=La0S3EZ0uysC|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221191002/https://books.google.com/books?id=La0S3EZ0uysC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Davis|first=Laura|title=BANNED: The most controversial films|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/banned-most-controversial-films-1768299.html|website=The Independent.co.uk|publisher=The Independent|access-date=February 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006155950/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/banned-most-controversial-films-1768299.html|archive-date=October 6, 2021|date=October 18, 2012|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Davis 2012}}}}
• {{cite web|last=DeVega|first=Chauncey|title=Ti West on anyone walking out of his slasher film X: "What did you think you were signing up for?"|url=https://www.salon.com/2022/05/01/ti-west-x-pearl/|website=Salon.com|publisher=Find.co|access-date=December 13, 2024|date=May 1, 2022|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|DeVega 2022}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Dicker|first=Ron|title=Aja reflects on Mirrors, his life as a director|url=http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2008_4610142|newspaper=Houston Chronicle|access-date=April 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018211216/http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2008_4610142|archive-date=October 18, 2012|date=September 15, 2008|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Dicker 2008}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Dika|first=Vera|title=Recycled Culture in Contemporary Art and Film: The Uses of Nostalgia|date=June 9, 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opah6_oJqPYC|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=February 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224184452/https://books.google.com/books?id=opah6_oJqPYC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last1=Dodson|first1=Will|last2=Woofter|first2=Kristopher|title=American Twilight: The Cinema of Tobe Hooper|date=June 1, 2021|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-2285-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CIooEAAAQBAJ|access-date=February 17, 2024|archive-date=December 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217175952/https://books.google.com/books?id=CIooEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Ebert|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19740101%2FREVIEWS%2F401010319%2F1023|publisher=Chicago Sun-Times|access-date=July 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605135946/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19740101%2FREVIEWS%2F401010319%2F1023|archive-date=June 5, 2011|date=January 1, 1974|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Ebert 1974}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Ebert|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Ebert|title=Roger Ebert's Movie Home Companion: Full-Length Reviews of Twenty Years of Movies on Video|publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing|year=1989|page=[https://archive.org/details/rogerebertsmovie00eber/page/748 748]|isbn=978-0-8362-6240-7|url=https://archive.org/details/rogerebertsmovie00eber/page/748}}
• {{cite book|last=Edmundson|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Edmundson|title=Nightmare on Main Street: Angels, Sadomasochism, and the Culture of Gothic|date=October 31, 1997|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-62463-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMVZAAAAMAAJ|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221191000/https://books.google.com/books?id=bMVZAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Egan|first=Kate|author-link=Kate Egan|title=Trash or Treasure: Censorship and the Changing Meanings of the Video Nasties|date=June 15, 2012|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-7233-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ovPygAACAAJ|access-date=December 16, 2023|archive-date=December 16, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216214946/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ovPygAACAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Emery|first=Mike|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre|url=http://www.filmvault.com/filmvault/austin/t/texaschainsawmass5.html|publisher=The Austin Chronicle|access-date=July 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229150823/http://www.filmvault.com/filmvault/austin/t/texaschainsawmass5.html|archive-date=December 29, 2010|date=November 2, 1998|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Emery 1998}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Empire: The Greatest Films of All Time (200–101)|url=https://empireonline.com/500/59.asp|website=Empire|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=July 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120201340/https://empireonline.com/500/59.asp|archive-date=January 20, 2012|date=November 19, 2008|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Empire 2008}}}}
• {{cite web|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Josh|last2=Carey|first2=Emma|last3=McNeal|first3=Bria|title=The 88 Scariest Movies of All Time|url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/g3383/best-horror-movies-of-all-time/|publisher=Esquire|access-date=April 5, 2024|date=October 17, 2023|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Esquire 2023}}}}
• {{cite news|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-standard-the-texas-chain-saw-mas/163838454/|access-date=January 25, 2025 |newspaper=Evening Standard|date=October 28, 1976|via=Newspapers.com {{subscription required}}|ref={{sfnref|Evening Standard|1976|p=8}}}}
• {{cite web|last=T|first1=Amber|last2=Melanson|first2=Angel|title=Dark Sky Selects Present The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 50th Anniversary Chainsaw Edition|url=https://www.fangoria.com/dark-sky-selects-texas-chain-saw-massacre-anniversary/|publisher=Fangoria|access-date=December 13, 2024|date=September 13, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Fangoria 2024}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last1=Farley|first1=Ellen|last2=Knoedelseder Jr.|first2=William|author2-link=William Knoedelseder|title=The Real Texas Chain Saw Massacre|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times Communications LLC|date=September 5, 1982|pages=1, 3-7|ref={{sfnref|Farley|Knoedelseder Jr.|1982|pp=1, 3-7}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last1=Farley|first1=Ellen|last2=Knoedelseder Jr.|first2=William|title=The Chainsaw Massacres|date=October 1986|magazine=Cinefantastique|publisher=Fourth Castle Micromedia|volume=16|issue=4/5|issn=0145-6032}}
• {{cite web|last=Fisher|first=Bob|title=A Conversation with Daniel Pearl|url=http://www.cameraguild.com/interviews/chat_pearl/pearl_interview.htm|website=CameraGuild.com|access-date=December 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019061500/http://www.cameraguild.com/interviews/chat_pearl/pearl_interview.htm|archive-date=October 19, 2006|date=July 24, 2001|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Fisher 2001}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Fordy|first=Tom|title='It was rotten, it was putrid': how The Texas Chainsaw Massacre almost killed its cast|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/rotten-putrid-texas-chainsaw-massacre-almost-killed-cast/|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=February 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223064050/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/rotten-putrid-texas-chainsaw-massacre-almost-killed-cast/|archive-date=February 23, 2022|date=February 23, 2022|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Fordy 2022}}}}
• {{cite web|last1=Foreman|first1=Alison|last2=Sharf|first2=Zack|title=51 Directors' Favorite Horror Movies: Bong Joon Ho, Quentin Tarantino, Guillermo del Toro, and More|url=https://www.indiewire.com/gallery/directors-favorite-horror-movies/rosemarys-baby-mia-farrow-1968/|website=IndieWire.com|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|access-date=December 29, 2024|date=November 17, 2022|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Foreman & Sharf 2022}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Foster|first=Richard|title=Call Him Mr. Leatherface Original Leatherface Gunnar Hansen from The Texas Chainsaw Massacre appears at James River Film Festival April 4.|url=http://www.richmond.com/ae/output.aspx?Article_ID=1308865&Vertical_ID=2&tier=1&position=4|publisher=Richmond Times-Dispatch|access-date=May 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090055/http://www.richmond.com/ae/output.aspx?Article_ID=1308865&Vertical_ID=2&tier=1&position=4|archive-date=September 29, 2007|date=March 27, 2001|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Foster 2001}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Future's Total Film reveals "Greatest Horror Movie Ever"|url=http://www.futureplc.com/2010/09/29/futures-total-film-reveals-greatest-horror-movie-ever/|publisher=Future plc|access-date=April 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524224508/http://www.futureplc.com/2010/09/29/futures-total-film-reveals-greatest-horror-movie-ever/|archive-date=May 24, 2011|date=September 29, 2010|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Future 2010}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Freeland|first=Cynthia|author-link=Cynthia Freeland|title=The Naked And The Undead: Evil And The Appeal Of Horror|date=March 5, 2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-4299-6478-7|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wf7EDwAAQBAJ|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=December 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214030208/https://books.google.com/books?id=wf7EDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Fulwood|first=Neil|title=One Hundred Violent Films that Changed Cinema|date=October 1, 2003|publisher=Batsford Books|isbn=978-0-7134-8819-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/onehundredviolen0000fulw/page/93 93]|chapter=Chapter Four:Censorship and Controversy|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/onehundredviolen0000fulw/}}
• {{cite web|last=Gelten|first=Larry|title=The 'intolerably putrid' making of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|url=https://nypost.com/2019/06/13/the-intolerably-putrid-making-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre/|publisher=New York Post|access-date=February 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614050312/https://nypost.com/2019/06/13/the-intolerably-putrid-making-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre/|archive-date=June 14, 2019|date=June 13, 2019|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Gelten 2019}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title=Double Dip Digest: The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|url=http://dvd.ign.com/articles/737/737317p1.html|website=IGN|publisher=Ziff Davis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504184610/http://dvd.ign.com/articles/737/737317p1.html|archive-date=May 4, 2011|access-date=August 21, 2008|date=October 5, 2006|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Gilchrist 2006}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Ging|first=Keith|title=Jes' Plain Grousome|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-chronicle-tcm-77-club/105813561/|access-date=March 21, 2024|newspaper=Evening Chronicle|publisher=Reach plc|date=October 28, 1977|page=16}}
• {{cite web|last=Gingold|first=Michael|title=RIP Paul Partain; new Chainsaw & Henry DVDs|url=http://www.fangoria.com/news_article.php?id=3508|publisher=Fangoria|access-date=July 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050205055410/http://www.fangoria.com/news_article.php?id=3508|archive-date=February 5, 2005|date=March 2, 2005|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Gingold 2005}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|author-link=Owen Gleiberman|title=Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The template for modern horror|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/08/06/texas-chainsaw-massacre-horror/|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=April 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108222948/http://popwatch.ew.com/2009/08/06/texas-chainsaw-massacre-horror/|archive-date=January 8, 2011|date=August 6, 2009|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Gleiberman 2009}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Goodfellow|first=Melanie|title=Cannes Directors' Fortnight 2014 lineup unveiled|url=http://www.screendaily.com/festivals/cannes/cannes-directors-fortnight-2014-lineup-unveiled/5070844.article|website=Screen Daily|access-date=July 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424163202/http://www.screendaily.com/festivals/cannes/cannes-directors-fortnight-2014-lineup-unveiled/5070844.article|archive-date=April 24, 2014|date=April 22, 2014|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Goodfellow 2014}}}}
• {{cite journal|last=Greenspun|first=Roger|title=Carrie, and Sally and Leatherface Among the Film Buffs|journal=Film Comment|date=January-February 1977|volume=13|issue=1|pages=14–17|publisher=Film at Lincoln Center|jstor=43451289}}
• {{cite web|last=Griffith|first=Vivé|title=Feature Story: Compassionate Lens: From the back roads of Texas to the streets of Sicily, acclaimed photographer Russell Lee captured the dignity of the human spirit|url=http://www.utexas.edu/features/2007/lee/|publisher=University of Texas at Austin|access-date=January 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506162455/http://www.utexas.edu/features/2007/lee/|archive-date=May 6, 2007|date=May 1, 2007|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Griffith 2007}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Gross|first=Linda|title=Texas Massacre Grovels in Gore|date=October 30, 1974|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-lat-review-texas/23517794/|access-date=February 18, 2024|page=98|archive-date=February 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216221352/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-lat-review-texas/23517794/|url-status=live}}
• {{cite news|last=Guarino|first=Ann|title='Chain Saw' Piece of Junk|date=October 31, 1974|newspaper=Daily News|publisher=Daily News Enterprises|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-the-texas-chainsaw-massacre/134291356/|access-date=March 15, 2024|page=37}}
• {{cite book|last1=Forrest|first1=Tara|last2=Scheer|first2=Anna|title=Christoph Schlingensief: Art Without Borders|date=August 15, 2010|publisher=Intellect Ltd|isbn=978-1-8415-0319-6|edition=Illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R3860AEACAAJ}}
• {{cite book|editor-last=Gelder|editor-first=Ken|first=Tania|last=Modleski|title=The Horror Reader|date=June 22, 2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-4152-1355-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubnEyBh3tegC|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221191004/https://books.google.com/books?id=ubnEyBh3tegC|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Modleski|2000|p=290}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Glasby|first=Matt|title=The Book of Horror: The Anatomy of Fear in Film|date=September 22, 2020|publisher=Frances Lincoln|isbn=978-0-7112-5179-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Su7_DwAAQBAJ|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=December 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217175931/https://books.google.com/books?id=Su7_DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|title=Texas Chain Saw Massacre crowned greatest horror flick in Total Film poll|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/sep/29/texas-chainsaw-massacre-top-horror|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=July 30, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025145311/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/sep/29/texas-chainsaw-massacre-top-horror|archive-date=October 25, 2020|date=September 29, 2010|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|The Guardian 2010}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Halberstam|first=Judith|author-link=Jack Halberstam|title=Skin Shows: Gothic Horror and the Technology of Monsters|date=August 22, 1995|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-1663-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q10CzrWdwfEC}}
• {{cite book|last=Hannan|first=Brian|title=In Theaters Everywhere: A History of the Hollywood Wide Release, 1913-2017|date=January 9, 2019|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-1-4766-7414-8|edition=Illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_32CDwAAQBAJ}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Hansen|first=Gunnar|author-link=Gunnar Hansen|title=A Date with Leatherface|date=May 1, 1985|magazine=Texas Monthly|publisher= Genesis Park, LP|location=Austin, Texas|volume=13|issue=5|pages=163–164, 206}}
• {{cite book|last=Hansen|first=Gunnar|author-link=Gunnar Hansen|title=Chain Saw Confidential: How We Made the World's Most Notorious Horror Movie|publisher=Chronicle Books|date=September 23, 2013|isbn=978-1-4521-1449-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3xS_QoT2DigC|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=December 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217180421/https://books.google.com/books?id=3xS_QoT2DigC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|title=Gunnar Hansen Bio, Writing & Movies|url=http://www.gunnarhansen.com/bio.htm|website=GunnarHansen.com|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906105853/http://www.gunnarhansen.com/bio.htm|archive-date=September 6, 2010|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Hansen 2010}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Harden|first=Tim|title=The Music of Texas Chainsaw Massacre|url=http://texaschainsawmassacre.net/Music/|website=TexasChainsawMassacre.net|access-date=February 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030219003250/http://texaschainsawmassacre.net/Music/|archive-date=February 19, 2003|date=January 1, 2003|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Harden 2003}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Harmsworth|first=Madeleine|title=Gory.. or just a sick joke?|date=November 14, 1976|newspaper=Sunday Mirror|publisher=Reach plc|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/sunday-mirror-gory-or-just-a-sick-joke/143417592/|access-date=March 15, 2024|page=20|ref={{sfnref|Harmsworth|1976a|p=20}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Harmsworth|first1=Madeleine|title=Butchery at the Box Office|date=December 5, 1976|newspaper=Sunday Mirror|publisher=Reach plc|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/sunday-mirror-tcm-butchery/134968791/|pages=11|access-date=February 17, 2024|archive-date=February 17, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217020504/https://www.newspapers.com/article/sunday-mirror-tcm-butchery/134968791/|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Harmsworth|1976b|p=11}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Hawkes|first=Rebecca|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre and Gunnar Hansen: 10 true stories|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11135854/The-Texas-Chainsaw-Massacre-10-true-stories.html|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=March 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005083745/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11135854/The-Texas-Chainsaw-Massacre-10-true-stories.html|archive-date=October 5, 2021|date=November 8, 2015|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Hawkes 2015}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Helms|first=Michael|title=Behind the Scenes of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre: A Conversation with Gunnar Hansen|url=https://www.chroniclebooks.com/blog/2013/10/22/behind-the-scenes-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-a-conversation-with-gunnar-hansen/|website=Chronicle Books.com|publisher=McEvoy Group|access-date=January 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822014656/https://www.chroniclebooks.com/blog/2013/10/22/behind-the-scenes-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-a-conversation-with-gunnar-hansen/|archive-date=August 22, 2018|date=October 22, 2013|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Helms 2013}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Henry|first=Sarah|title=Mordbid 'Massacre' pulled off screen|date=February 12, 1976|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|agency=Postmedia Network|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=QBJtjoHflPwC&dat=19760212&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|access-date=February 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006155949/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=QBJtjoHflPwC&dat=19760212&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|archive-date=October 6, 2021|location=Ottawa, Canada|pages=2-3}}
• {{cite web|last=Heritage|first=Stuart|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: No 14 best horror film of all time|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/oct/22/texas-chainsaw-massare-hooper-horror|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=April 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025122658/http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/oct/22/texas-chainsaw-massare-hooper-horror|archive-date=October 25, 2010|date=October 22, 2010|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Heritage 2010}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Herrera|first=Andrés|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974)|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-1974|date=October 10, 2024|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|archive-url=https://archive.is/42M4D|archive-date=10 October 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Herrera 2024}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Hogan|first=David|title=Dark Romance: Sexuality in the Horror Film|date=November 15, 1997|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-0-7864-0474-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GK1ZAAAAMAAJ|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221191003/https://books.google.com/books?id=GK1ZAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Jacobs|first=Evan|title=Leatherface Himself, Gunnar Hansen Talks The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, the Remake and More [Exclusive]|url=https://movieweb.com/gunnar-hansen-interview-texas-chainsaw-massacre-leatherface/|website=MovieWeb.com|publisher=Valnet Inc.|access-date=July 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227092105/https://movieweb.com/gunnar-hansen-interview-texas-chainsaw-massacre-leatherface/|archive-date=February 27, 2021|date=September 25, 2006|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Jacobs 2006}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Jara|first=R.C.|title=Blondes, Beef, and Brutality: The Sounds of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre [Spins and Needles]|url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/editorials/424329/blondes-beef-and-brutality-the-sounds-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-spins-and-needles/|website=Dread Central|access-date=February 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921002859/https://www.dreadcentral.com/editorials/424329/blondes-beef-and-brutality-the-sounds-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-spins-and-needles/|archive-date=September 21, 2023|date=February 23, 2022|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Jara 2022}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Jaworzyn|first=Stefan|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre Companion|date=October 31, 2012|publisher=Titan Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-7811-6497-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WVy_BgAAQBAJ|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=December 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217180216/https://books.google.com/books?id=WVy_BgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Jones|first=Derek|title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia|date=December 1, 2001|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-1367-9864-1|edition=reprint|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDqsCQAAQBAJ}}
• {{cite news|last=Kates|first=Carolyn|title=Coming Attractions: At the Razorback|date=October 10, 1974|newspaper=The Camden News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-camden-news-coming-attractions-at-t/143417029/|access-date=March 15, 2014|page=2}}
• {{cite web|last=Kaye|first=Don|title=Classic 1970s Horror Movies Coming to Criterion Channel in October|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/classic-1970s-horror-movies-coming-to-criterion-channel-in-october/|website=Den of Geek|access-date=January 23, 2025|date=October 1, 2020|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Kaye 2020}}}}
• {{cite book|last1=Kerekes|first1=David|last2=Slater|first2=David|title=See No Evil: Banned Films and Video Controversy|date=January 1, 2000|publisher=Headpress|isbn=978-1-9004-8610-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWAbAQAAIAAJ|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=February 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224184523/https://books.google.com/books?id=WWAbAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Knöppler|first=Christian|title=The Monster Always Returns: American Horror Films and Their Remakes|date=February 28, 2017|publisher=transcript Verlag|isbn=978-3-8394-3735-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kAaDgAAQBAJ}}
• {{cite book|last=Konow|first=David|title=Reel Terror: The Scary, Bloody, Gory, Hundred-Year History of Classic Horror Films|date=October 2, 2012|publisher=Macmillan Inc.|isbn=978-0-3126-6883-9|edition=Illustrated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my6yWwU3K-0C}}
• {{cite web|last=Kraus|first=Daniel|title=Bone of My Bone, Flesh of My Flesh|url=http://www.gadflyonline.com/archive-texaschainsaw.html|publisher=Gadfly Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608082606/http://www.gadflyonline.com/archive-texaschainsaw.html|archive-date=June 8, 2011|access-date=October 17, 2008|date=October 1999|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Kraus 1999}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Kraus|first=Daniel|title="Blood, guts, death, mayhem and nudity"|url=https://www.salon.com/2003/09/11/eli_roth/|website=Salon.com|publisher=Find.co|access-date=December 13, 2024|date=September 11, 2003|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Kraus 2003}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Kumi|first=Alex|title=Chainsaw Massacre voted cut above the rest|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/oct/10/filmnews.film|publisher=The Guardian|access-date=February 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324082517/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/oct/10/filmnews.film|archive-date=March 24, 2014|date=October 9, 2005|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Kumi 2005}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Lamkin|first=Emily|title=Teri McMinn Talks Meathooks, Chainsaws, and Massacres|url=https://dreadcentral.com/news/31995/teri-mcminn-talks-meathooks-chainsaws-and-massacres|website=Dread Central|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610060830/https://dreadcentral.com/news/31995/teri-mcminn-talks-meathooks-chainsaws-and-massacres|archive-date=June 10, 2012|date=June 24, 2009|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Lamkin 2009}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Landy|first=Tom|title=HDD Blu-ray Deal of the Week: The Texas Chain Saw Massacre: 40th Anniversary Black Maria Limited Edition $39.99 at Amazon|url=https://www.highdefdigest.com/news/show/Amazon/Deals/hdd-bluray-deal-of-the-week-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-40th-anniversary-black-maria-limited-edition-3999-at-amazon/27062|website=High-Def Digest|publisher=Internet Brands|access-date=December 29, 2024|date=October 26, 2015|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Landy 2015}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Lanza|first=Joseph|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre: The Film That Terrified a Rattled Nation|date=May 21, 2019|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing|isbn=978-1-5107-3790-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEPhtAEACAAJ|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=December 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222194357/https://books.google.com/books?id=yEPhtAEACAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Lellis|first=George|title=Stalking Leatherface|date=October 1, 1973|magazine=Austin People Today|volume=3|issue=4|url=https://archive.org/details/stalking-leatherface-austin-people-today|via=Internet Archive}}
• {{cite web|last=Leonard|first=Tom|title=Mafia boss, 93, faces prison after son breaks code of silence|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/7879702/Mafia-boss-93-faces-prison-after-son-breaks-code-of-silence.html|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=September 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303214347/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/7879702/Mafia-boss-93-faces-prison-after-son-breaks-code-of-silence.html|archive-date=March 3, 2018|date=July 8, 2012|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Leonard 2010}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Leri|first=Michael|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre Release Date Announced in New Trailer|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/games/news/1274416-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-release-date-trailer|website=Comingsoon.net|publisher=Mandatory (company)|access-date=January 27, 2025|date=March 16, 2023|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Leri 2023}}}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Linz|first1=Daniel|last2=Donnerstein|first2=Edward|last3=Penrod|first3=Steven|title=The Effects of Multiple Exposures to Filmed Violence Against Women|journal=Journal of Communication|date=September 1, 1984|volume=34|issue=3|pages=130-147|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ308140|publisher=Oxford University Press}}
• {{cite magazine|last1=Lovell|first1=Glenn|last2=Kelley|first2=Bill|title=Hooper on Filming Chainsaw|date=October 1986|magazine=Cinefantastique|publisher=Fourth Castle Micromedia|volume=16|issue=4/5|issn=0145-6032}}
• {{cite web|last=Lynch|first=Joe|title=Animal Collective's 10 Favorite Movie Soundtracks|url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/animal-collective-best-movie-soundtracks/#!|website=Billboard|access-date=March 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207081005/https://www.billboard.com/lists/animal-collective-best-movie-soundtracks/#!|archive-date=December 7, 2022|date=November 17, 2022|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Lynch 2022}}}}
• {{cite journal|last=Mackey|first=Mary|author-link=Mary Mackey|title=Texas Chainsaw Massacre The Great Texas Dynamite Chase Jackson County Jail|journal=Jump Cut|date=March 30, 1977|volume=14|issue=1|pages=12-14}}
• {{cite book|last=Macor|first=Alison|title=Chainsaws, Slackers, and Spy Kids: Thirty Years of Filmmaking in Austin, Texas|date=February 22, 2010|publisher=University of Texas Press|chapter=Chapter One: A Living Nightmare|isbn=978-0-2927-7829-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eBQ_FGDKiSkC|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=September 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914232707/https://books.google.com/books?id=eBQ_FGDKiSkC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Macor|first=Alison|title=Rewrite Man: The Life and Career of Screenwriter Warren Skaaren|date=May 30, 2017|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-1202-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OdCvDgAAQBAJ}}
• {{cite book|last=Magistrale|first=Tony|author-link=Tony Magistrale|title=Abject Terrors: Surveying the Modern and Postmodern Horror Film|date=November 28, 2005|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-0-8204-7056-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEbP7M_EOeAC}}
• {{cite book|last=Maltin|first=Leonard|author-link=Leonard Maltin|title=Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide|title-link=Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide|year=2000|publisher=Signet Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/leonardmaltins200000malt/page/1400 1400]|isbn=978-0-451-20107-2}}
• {{cite news|last=Mandel|first=Leah|title=The 8 scariest horror classics, according to John Carpenter|url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/10/19/john-carpenter-horror-movies-night-of-the-living-dead-texas-chainsaw-massacre|work=Fader|publisher=The Fader, Inc.|access-date=December 29, 2024|date=October 19, 2017|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Mandel 2017}}}}
• {{cite book|last1=Marriott|first1=James|last2=Newman|first2=Kim|author1-link=James Marriott (author)|author2-link=Kim Newman|title=Horror: The Definitive Guide to the Cinema of Fear|date=September 30, 2006|publisher=Andre Deutsch|isbn=978-0-2330-0201-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XaYqAQAAIAAJ}}
• {{cite magazine|last=McCarty|first=John|title=Short Notices:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|date=July 1975|magazine=Cinefantastique|publisher=Fourth Castle Micromedia|volume=4|issue=3}}
• {{cite web|last=McCormick|first=Rich|title=4K version of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre revs up for theatrical release|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/6/22/5833378/texas-chainsaw-massacre-4k-version|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=January 25, 2025|date=June 22, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|McCormick 2014}}}}
• {{cite web|last=McCutcheon|first=David|title=Texas Chainsaw Massacre Cuts Up in September|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/06/12/texas-chainsaw-massacre-cuts-up-in-september|website=IGN|access-date=August 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801210750/https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/06/12/texas-chainsaw-massacre-cuts-up-in-september|archive-date=August 1, 2024|date=June 12, 2006|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|McCutcheon 2006}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last=McGowan|first=Chris|title=Letterbox Format's Popularity Widens|date=November 6, 1993|magazine=Billboard|volume=105|issue=44|url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/90s/1993/BB-1993-11-06.pdf}}
• {{cite book|last=McKenna|first=Mark|title=Nasty Business: The Marketing and Distribution of the Video Nasties|date=July 6, 2020|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-1-4744-5110-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76MxEAAAQBAJ|access-date=February 10, 2024|archive-date=February 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219020605/https://books.google.com/books?id=76MxEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Mendik|first=Xavier|author-link=Xavier Mendik|title=Necronomicon Presents Shocking Cinema of the Seventies|date=January 1, 2002|publisher=Noir Publishing|isbn=978-0-9536-5644-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXSuzO03P2sC|access-date=February 17, 2024|archive-date=December 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217175931/https://books.google.com/books?id=xXSuzO03P2sC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre - Metacritic|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre/|website=Metacritic|publisher=Fandom, Inc.|access-date=July 1, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Metacritic 2024}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Miska|first=Brad|title=Movies Full Details, 4K Stills for Restored The Texas Chain Saw Massacre!!|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3282090/full-details-4k-stills-for-restored-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre/|website=Bloody Disgusting|access-date=July 1, 2024|date=March 6, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Miska 2014}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Miska|first=Brad|title=We Have the Official Leatherface Release Date! (Exclusive)|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/exclusives/3444651/official-leatherface-release-date-exclusive/|website=Bloody Disgusting|access-date=March 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031214106/https://bloody-disgusting.com/exclusives/3444651/official-leatherface-release-date-exclusive/|archive-date=October 31, 2017|date=June 30, 2017|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Miska 2017}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Mitchell|first=Linton|title=Films with Linton Mitchell|date=August 13, 1977|newspaper=Reading Evening Post|publisher=Reach plc|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/reading-evening-post-tcm-berkshire-77/105813625/|access-date=March 22, 2024|p=6}}
• {{cite book|last=Monanco|first=James|author-link=James Monaco|title=The Movie Guide|date=October 21, 1992|publisher=Perigee Books|isbn=978-0-3995-1780-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7MUAQAAIAAJ}}
• {{cite book|last=Morgan|first=Diannah|title=Creative Titling with Final Cut Pro|date=January 1, 2004|publisher=Focal Press|isbn=978-1-5782-0225-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JOUmIIiV_8C|access-date=December 16, 2023|archive-date=December 16, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216214945/https://books.google.com/books?id=8JOUmIIiV_8C|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Muir|first=John|author-link=John Kenneth Muir|title=Horror Films of the 1970s|date=November 22, 2012|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-0-7864-9156-8|edition=Reprint|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ghmYvJReqIIC}}
• {{cite book|last=Muir|first=John|title=Eaten Alive at a Chainsaw Massacre: The Films of Tobe Hooper|date=July 11, 2015|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-1-4766-1335-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DngwCgAAQBAJ|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=December 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214030208/https://books.google.com/books?id=DngwCgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last1=Mulleavy|first1=Kate|last2=Mulleavy|first2=Laura|title=Tobe Hooper|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/tobe-hooper|publisher=Interview Magazine|access-date=April 20, 2022|date=July 14, 2014|archive-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423164342/https://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/tobe-hooper|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Mulleavy 2014}}}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Murillo|first1=Céline|last2=Roche|first2=David|title=Unheard Possibilities: Reappraising Classical Film Music Scoring and Analysis. An Introduction|journal=Miranda|date=April 11, 2021|pages=1-11|url=http://journals.openedition.org/miranda/39864|access-date=April 20, 2024|publisher=University of Toulouse}}
• {{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Mary|title=The Perils of a Chainsaw star|date=November 20, 1974|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-the-perils-of-a-c/155028760/|page=13|access-date=February 9, 2024|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre at 50|url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/film/5717|publisher=Museum of Modern Art|access-date=July 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517020813/https://www.moma.org/calendar/film/5717|archive-date=May 17, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Museum of Modern Art 2024}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Nichols|first=Bill|author-link=Bill Nichols (film critic)|title=Movies and Methods: An Anthology|date=September 6, 1985|volume=2|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-5200-5408-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/moviesmethodsa00nich/page/214 214]|url=https://archive.org/details/moviesmethodsa00nich/}}
• {{cite web|last=Nattrass|first=JJ|title=Quentin Tarantino lists seven movies he thinks are "perfect"|url=https://www.nme.com/news/film/quentin-tarantino-seven-movies-perfect-3338528|website=NME|publisher=NME Networks|access-date=December 29, 2024|date=October 28, 2022|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Nattrass 2022}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Entertainment Events Today|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/30/archives/entertainment-events-today-theater-films-music-dance-cabaret.html?searchResultPosition=1|website=The New York Times|publisher=The Associated Press|access-date=July 22, 2024|date=October 30, 1974|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|New York Times 1974}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Marilyn Burns, Chainsaw Actress, Dies at 65|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/07/movies/marilyn-burns-chainsaw-actress-dies-at-65.html|website=New York Times|publisher=The Associated Press|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016031558/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/07/movies/marilyn-burns-chainsaw-actress-dies-at-65.html|archive-date=October 16, 2014|date=August 6, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|New York Times 2014}}}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Nolan|first1=Justin|last2=Ryan|first2=Gery|title=Fear and Loathing at the Cineplex: Gender Differences in Descriptions and Perceptions of Slasher Films|journal=Sex Roles|date=July 1, 2000|volume=42|issue=1-2|pages=39-54|publisher=Springer}}
• {{cite web|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974)|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Texas-Chainsaw-Massacre-The#tab=summary|website=The Numbers|access-date=November 27, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|The Numbers 2024}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Nowell|first=Richard|title=Blood Money: A History of the First Teen Slasher Film Cycle|date=December 23, 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4411-4316-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1LKBAAAQBAJ|via=Google Books|access-date=January 5, 2024|archive-date=February 24, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224184522/https://books.google.com/books?id=W1LKBAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|title=Making The Original Texas Chain Saw Massacre 1974|url=https://thetexaschainsawmassacre.com/making-the-original-texas-chainsaw-massacre-1974/|website=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.com|publisher=Exurbia Films|date=2017|archive-date=December 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210120518/https://thetexaschainsawmassacre.com/making-the-original-texas-chainsaw-massacre-1974/|access-date=March 1, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Official Texas Chain Saw Massacre 2017}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Pack|first=MM|title=The Killing Fields, Kind Of A culinary history of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre farmhouse|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/food/2003-10-31/184100/|publisher=The Austin Chronicle|access-date=February 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629192458/http://www.austinchronicle.com/food/2003-10-31/184100/|archive-date=June 29, 2011|date=October 31, 2003|ref={{sfnref|Pack 2003}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Patterson|first=John|title=Tobe Hooper: Celebrating the Legacy Of A Horror Hero|url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/editorials/445935/tobe-hooper-celebrating-the-legacy-of-a-horror-hero/|website=Dread Central|access-date=February 29, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125171758/https://www.dreadcentral.com/editorials/445935/tobe-hooper-celebrating-the-legacy-of-a-horror-hero/|archive-date=January 25, 2023|date=January 25, 2023|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Patterson 2023}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Paul|first=Zachary|title=40 Years Later and 'The Hills Still Have Eyes'|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3448707/40-years-later-hills-still-eyes/|website=Bloody Disgusting|access-date=July 11, 2024|date=July 22, 2017|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Paul 2017}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Peary|first=Danny|author-link=Danny Peary |title=Cult Movies: The Classics, the Sleepers, the Weird, and the Wonderful|date=January 1, 1981|publisher=Dell Publishing|isbn=978-0-4405-1631-6|pages=347-348|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXdZAAAAMAAJ}}
• {{cite book|last=Petley|first=Julian|title=Film and Video Censorship in Modern Britain|date=May 17, 2011|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-3093-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2eiqBgAAQBAJ|access-date=February 10, 2024|archive-date=February 19, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219020606/https://books.google.com/books?id=2eiqBgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Petridis|first=Sotiris|title=Anatomy of the Slasher Film: A Theoretical Analysis|date=May 28, 2019|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-1-4766-7431-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ST6XDwAAQBAJ|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=December 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214030208/https://books.google.com/books?id=ST6XDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Peucker|first=Brigitte|author-link=Brigitte Peucker|title=The Material Image: Art and the Real in Film|date=November 30, 2006|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-5431-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B7GQLCHPVMC|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217175935/https://books.google.com/books?id=_B7GQLCHPVMC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Phelan|first=Laurence|title=Film censorship: How moral panic led to a mass ban of 'video nasties'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/film-censorship-how-moral-panic-led-to-a-mass-ban-of-video-nasties-9600998.html|website=The Independent.co.uk|access-date=March 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715134613/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/film-censorship-how-moral-panic-led-to-a-mass-ban-of-video-nasties-9600998.html|archive-date=July 15, 2014|date=July 13, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Phelan 2014}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Phipps|first=Keith|title=Tobe Hooper|url=https://www.avclub.com/tobe-hooper-1798208113|website=The A.V. Club|publisher=G/O Media|access-date=February 2, 2024|date=October 11, 2000|archive-date=August 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829173538/https://www.avclub.com/tobe-hooper-1798208113|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Phipps 2000}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Pinedo|first=Isabel|title=Recreational Terror: Women and the Pleasures of Horror Film Viewing|date=January 1, 1997|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-3441-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zk_mtptGx8kC}}
• {{cite news|last=Piepenburg|first=Erik|title=At 50, The Texas Chain Saw Massacre Still Cuts Deep|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/08/movies/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-anniversary.html|access-date=April 17, 2025|newspaper=New York Times|date=August 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240920183833/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/08/movies/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-anniversary.html|archive-date=September 20, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Piepenburg 2024}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Prince|first=Stephen|author-link=Stephen Prince|title=The Horror Film|date=February 9, 2004|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-3363-6|chapter=Postmodern Elements of the Contemporary Horror Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0ZgaAcKJ9sC|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221191000/https://books.google.com/books?id=a0ZgaAcKJ9sC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Puddicombe|first=Stephen|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre and the sound of violence|url=https://lwlies.com/articles/texas-chainsaw-massacre-soundtrack-tobe-hooper/|publisher=Little White Lies.com|access-date=February 9, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006105022/https://lwlies.com/articles/texas-chainsaw-massacre-soundtrack-tobe-hooper/|archive-date=October 6, 2021|date=June 29, 2016|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Puddicombe 2016}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Rabin|first=Nathan|title=John Larroquette|url=https://avclub.com/articles/john-larroquette,2331/|website=The A.V. Club|publisher=G/O Media|access-date=May 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509174405/https://avclub.com/articles/john-larroquette,2331/|archive-date=May 9, 2012|date=June 8, 2008|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Rabin 2008}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Reed|first=Rex|author-link=Rex Reed|title=An Artistic Curiosity: Hooper's Horrors|date=November 8, 1974|newspaper=New York Daily News|publisher=Daily News Enterprises|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-tcm-review-rex-reed/140752975/|page=250|access-date=February 17, 2024|archive-date=February 17, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217020505/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-tcm-review-rex-reed/140752975/|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Reeves|first=Tony|title=The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations|date=February 23, 2001|publisher=Titan Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-5565-2432-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgcIAQAAMAAJ|access-date=January 27, 2024|archive-date=January 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127200345/https://books.google.com/books?id=lgcIAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Rife|first=Katie|title=Where The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was filmed|url=https://ew.com/movies/texas-chain-saw-massacre-filming-locations/|website=Entertainment Weekly|publisher=Meredith Corporation|access-date=March 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219224715/https://ew.com/movies/texas-chain-saw-massacre-filming-locations/|archive-date=February 19, 2023|date=February 17, 2023|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Rife 2023}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Roche|first=David|title=Making and Remaking Horror in the 1970s and 2000s: Why Don't They Do It Like They Used To?|date=February 6, 2014|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-6170-3962-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrHWAgAAQBAJ|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217180643/https://books.google.com/books?id=QrHWAgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Robb|first=Brian|title=Ridley Scott|date=February 1, 2005|publisher=The Pocket Essentials|isbn=978-1-9040-4847-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOpkAAAAMAAJ|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221191001/https://books.google.com/books?id=TOpkAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Rockoff|first=Adam|title=Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978–1986|date=October 21, 2011|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-0-7864-6932-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrriCwAAQBAJ|access-date=December 14, 2023|archive-date=September 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907210104/https://books.google.com/books?id=BrriCwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite magazine|last1=Roen|first1=Paul|last2=Buonnano|first2=Richard|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre|date=June 1, 1975|magazine=Castle of Frankenstein|volume=7|issue=25|pages=5-8|url=https://archive.org/details/Castle_of_Frankenstein_025_whole_Vol7n1_1975c2cChersUsedRazor-DREGS|via=Internet Archive|ref={{sfnref|Roen|Buonnano|1975|pp=6-8}}}}
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• {{cite web|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre – Rotten Tomatoes|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1021112-texas_chainsaw_massacre|website=Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=Fandango Media|access-date=January 23, 2025|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Rotten Tomatoes 2025}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Russo|first=John|title=Making Movies: The Inside Guide to Independent Movie Production|date=February 1, 1989|publisher=Delacorte Press|isbn=978-0-3852-9684-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XxZAAAAMAAJ|access-date=December 16, 2023|archive-date=December 16, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216214945/https://books.google.com/books?id=3XxZAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last1=Schechter|first1=Harold|last2=Everitt|first2=David|author1-link=Harold Schechter|title=The A to Z Encyclopedia of Serial Killers|date=July 4, 2006|publisher=Simon & Schuster|edition=2nd|isbn=978-1-4165-2174-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HvZYXHdnBQC}}
• {{cite web|last=Ruuskanen|first=Emily|title=The only two horror movies Takashi Miike has ever seen: "Horrible, horrifically scary"|url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/two-horror-movies-takashi-miike-has-ever-seen/|website=Far Out Magazine|access-date=December 13, 2024|date=October 16, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Ruuskanen 2024}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Sanderson|first=Kirk|title=Original Texas Chainsaw Massacre Film Headed to 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray|url=https://www.mediaplaynews.com/original-texas-chainsaw-massacre-film-headed-to-4k-ultra-hd-blu-ray/|website=Media Play News|publisher=Questex Media Group|access-date=January 9, 2025|date=December 15, 2022|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Sanderson 2022}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Savlov|first=Marc|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre|url=http://www.filmvault.com/filmvault/austin/t/texaschainsawmass4.html|website=FilmVault.com|publisher=Austin Chronicle|access-date=July 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020326074030/http://www.filmvault.com/filmvault/austin/t/texaschainsawmass4.html|archive-date=March 26, 2002|date=February 11, 1998|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Savlov 1998}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Scheck|first=Frank|author-link=Frank Scheck|title=Netflix's Texas Chainsaw Massacre: Film Review|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/netflix-texas-chainsaw-massacre-1235095495/|publisher=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=March 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720045253/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/netflix-texas-chainsaw-massacre-1235095495/|archive-date=July 20, 2023|date=February 18, 2022|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Scheck 2022}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Schultz|first=Jakob|title=Interview with Gunnar "Leatherface" Hansen: The Man Behind The Mask|url=http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Vault/3646/gunnar.htm|website=Geocities.com|access-date=May 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990117014628/http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Vault/3646/gunnar.htm|archive-date=January 17, 1999|date=|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Schultz 1999}}}}
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• {{cite book|last=Senn|first=Brian|title=A Year of Fear: A Day-by-Day Guide to 366 Horror Films|date=March 26, 2015|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-1-4766-1090-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7J6vBwAAQBAJ}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Shea|first=Tom|title=Horror films' themes reappear in video games|date=February 28, 1983|magazine=InfoWorld|publisher=InfoWorld Media Group|volume=5|issue=9|page=67}}
• {{cite web|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/sightandsoundpolls/2012/film/4ce2b6b7ea720|website=Sight and Sound|publisher=British Film Institute|access-date=December 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225222037/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/sightandsoundpolls/2012/film/4ce2b6b7ea720|archive-date=February 25, 2013|date=2012|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Sight and Sound 2012}}}}
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• {{cite web|title=The 100 Best Horror Movies of All Time|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/100-greatest-horror-movies-of-all-time/|website=Slant Magazine|access-date=November 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319212149/https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/100-greatest-horror-movies-of-all-time/10/ |archive-date=March 19, 2020|date=October 25, 2019|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Slant Magazine 2019}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Smith|first=Nigel|title=SXSW: Tobe Hooper On Why Audiences Get Texas Chain Saw Massacre Better Now Than When It Was First Released|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2014/03/sxsw-tobe-hooper-on-why-audiences-get-texas-chain-saw-massacre-better-now-than-when-it-was-first-released-28993/|website=IndieWire.com|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|access-date=August 20, 2022|archive-date=September 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922021803/https://www.indiewire.com/2014/03/sxsw-tobe-hooper-on-why-audiences-get-texas-chain-saw-massacre-better-now-than-when-it-was-first-released-28993/|date=March 14, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Smith 2014}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Spencer|first=Megan|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre|url=http://www.abc.net.au/triplej/review/film/s996936.htm|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=April 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114204813/http://www.abc.net.au/triplej/review/film/s996936.htm|archive-date=November 14, 2010|date=November 25, 2003|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Spencer 2011}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Smith III|first=Joseph|author-link=Joseph Smith III|title=The Psycho File: A Comprehensive Guide to Hitchcock's Classic Shocker|date=October 21, 2009|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn=978-0-7864-5486-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxL26p22nkUC}}
• {{cite web|last=Sokol|first=Tony|title=The Real Texas Chainsaw Massacre: How Ed Gein Inspired Classic Horror Movies|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/the-real-texas-chainsaw-massacre-how-ed-gein-inspired-classic-horror-movies/|website=Den of Geek|access-date=March 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928220945/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/the-real-texas-chainsaw-massacre-how-ed-gein-inspired-classic-horror-movies/|archive-date=September 28, 2020|date=October 1, 2018|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Sokol 2018}}}}
• {{cite interview|last=Pearl|first=Daniel|subject-link=Daniel Pearl|interviewer=Jody Michelle Solis|title=A Conversation with Daniel Pearl, ASC: Award-winning, Legendary DP Talks Lights, Guts, and Glory|magazine=StudentFilmmakers Magazine|url=https://www.studentfilmmakers.com/a-conversation-with-daniel-pearl-asc-award-winning-legendary-dp-talks-lights-guts-and-glory-interview-by-jody-michelle-solis/|access-date=January 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515031212/https://www.studentfilmmakers.com/a-conversation-with-daniel-pearl-asc-award-winning-legendary-dp-talks-lights-guts-and-glory-interview-by-jody-michelle-solis/|archive-date=May 15, 2015|date=May 1, 2007|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Solis|2007}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Squires|first=John|title=Star Teri McMinn Shares Texas Chain Saw Massacre Behind the Scenes Photo You've Probably Never Seen|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3505346/star-teri-mcminn-shares-texas-chain-saw-massacre-behind-scenes-photo-youve-probably-never-seen/|website=Bloody Disgusting|access-date=March 6, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620175648/https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3505346/star-teri-mcminn-shares-texas-chain-saw-massacre-behind-scenes-photo-youve-probably-never-seen/|archive-date=June 20, 2018|date=June 20, 2018|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Squires 2018}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Squires|first=John|title=The Texas Chain Saw Massacre 50th Anniversary 4K Collector's Set Includes the Original Classic on VHS!|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3831455/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-50th-anniversary-4k-collectors-set-includes-the-original-classic-on-vhs/|date=September 17, 2024|website=Bloody Disgusting|access-date=October 13, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Squires 2024}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Stommel|first=Jesse|title=Something That Festers|date=February 1, 2011|magazine=Bright Lights Film Journal|volume=1|issue=71|url=http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/71/71horror_stommel.php|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5xiv2Zpwj?url=http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/71/71horror_stommel.php|archive-date=April 5, 2011|access-date=March 2, 2024|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Stommel 2011}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Staiger|first=Janet|author-link=Janet Staiger|title=Perverse Spectators: The Practices of Film Reception|date=July 1, 2000|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=978-0-8147-8139-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KiQVCgAAQBAJ|access-date=December 21, 2023|archive-date=December 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221191002/https://books.google.com/books?id=KiQVCgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Sumner|first=Don|title=Horror Movie Freak|date=August 11, 2010|publisher=Krause Publications|isbn=978-1-4402-0824-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6vzngEACAAJ|access-date=February 17, 2024|archive-date=December 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217180142/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6vzngEACAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|title=Cannes: 2014 Directors' Fortnight Lineup Unveiled; Whiplash, 'Cold In July Catch Me Daddy, Pride'', John Boorman & More|url=https://deadline.com/2014/04/cannes-2014-directors-fortnight-lineup-unveiled-cold-in-july-catch-me-daddy-717910/|website=Deadline.com|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|access-date=July 9, 2024|date=April 22, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Tartaglione 2014}}}}
• {{cite web|title=Texas Chain Saw Massacre voted greatest ever horror film|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8033019/Texas-Chain-Saw-Massacre-voted-greatest-ever-horror-film.html|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=February 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811200457/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8033019/Texas-Chain-Saw-Massacre-voted-greatest-ever-horror-film.html|archive-date=August 11, 2018|date=September 30, 2010|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|The Telegraph 2010}}}}
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• {{cite web|last=Triplett|first=Gene|title=First Chain Saw madman remains fond of grisly role|url=http://www.newsok.com/article/2951550/|website=NewsOk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614033050/http://www.newsok.com/article/2951550/|archive-date=June 14, 2011|date=October 6, 2006|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Triplett 2006}}}}
• {{cite web|title=The Texas chain saw massacre: prev. entitled Headcheese & Leatherface|url=https://publicrecords.copyright.gov/detailed-record/137886|publisher=United States Copyright Office|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315160316/https://publicrecords.copyright.gov/detailed-record/137886|archive-date=March 15, 2024|access-date=March 15, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|United States Copyright Office 2024}}}}
• {{cite web|title=The 100 Best Horror Movies of All Time|url=https://variety.com/lists/best-horror-movies-of-all-time/|publisher=Variety|access-date=October 25, 2024|date=October 9, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Variety 2024}}}}
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• {{cite web|title=Take One: The First Annual Village Voice Film Critics' Poll|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/specials/take/one/full_list.php3?category=10|publisher=The Village Voice|access-date=April 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826201343/http://www.villagevoice.com/specials/take/one/full_list.php3?category=10|archive-date=August 26, 2007|date=December 30, 1999|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|The Village Voice 1999}}}}
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• {{cite book|last1=Weaver|first1=James|last2=Tamborini|first2=Ronald|title=Horror Films: Current Research on Audience Preferences and Reactions|date=January 1, 1996|publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates|page=36|isbn=978-0-8058-1174-2}}
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• {{cite news|last=Weprin|first=Alex|title=Universal Plans Year-Round Haunted Houses Based on Exorcist and Texas Chainsaw Massacre|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/universal-horror-unleashed-las-vegas-haunted-houses-1236050104/|access-date=January 21, 2025|work=The Hollywood Reporter|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|date=October 31, 2024|ref={{sfnref|Weprin 2024}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Wescott|first=Adam|title=How Tobe Hooper Crafted The Terrifying Soundscape Of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/1074487/how-tobe-hooper-crafted-the-terrifying-soundscape-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre/|website=SlashFilm|access-date=February 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202194743/https://www.slashfilm.com/1074487/how-tobe-hooper-crafted-the-terrifying-soundscape-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre/|archive-date=February 2, 2024|date=October 27, 2022|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Wescott 2022}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last=West|first=Richard|title=Scariest Movie Ever?|date=March 1974|magazine=Texas Monthly|publisher= Genesis Park, LP|location=Austin, Texas|volume=2|issue=3|page=9}}
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• {{cite web|last=Whittaker|first=Richard|title=Cowboys vs. Hippies: The Texas Chain Saw Massacre Subtext|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/screens/2014-10-03/cowboys-vs-hippies-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-subtext/|publisher=Austin Chronicle|access-date=March 18, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004045916/https://www.austinchronicle.com/screens/2014-10-03/cowboys-vs-hippies-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-subtext/|archive-date=October 4, 2014|date=October 3, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Whittaker 2014}}}}
• {{cite news|last=White|first=Susan|title=Chainsaw: What a Title, What a Film!|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/austin-american-statesman-chainsaw-wh/164305939/|date=September 29, 1974|newspaper=Austin American-Statesman|publisher=Gannett|pages=28-29}}
• {{cite web|last=Wilkins|first=Bud|title=Review: Tobe Hooper's The Texas Chain Saw Massacre on Dark Sky Films Blu-ray|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-bd/|website=Slant Magazine|access-date=January 23, 2025|date=September 19, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Wilkins 2014}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Wilkins|first=Bud|title=Review: Tobe Hooper's The Texas Chain Saw Massacre on Dark Sky Films 4K Ultra HD|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-4k-uhd-review-tobe-hooper/|website=Slant Magazine|access-date=January 23, 2025|date=February 28, 2023|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Wilkins 2023}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Williams|first=David|title=Wrap Shot: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre|url=https://ascmag.com/articles/wrap-shot-the-texas-chainsaw-massacre|publisher=American Cinematographer|access-date=February 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222145529/https://ascmag.com/articles/wrap-shot-the-texas-chainsaw-massacre|archive-date=December 22, 2019|date=August 29, 2017|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Williams 2017}}}}
• {{cite news|last=Wilson|first=Ralph|title=Chainsaw gore back 19 months after ban|date=September 28, 1977|newspaper=The Ottawa Citizen|publisher=Postmedia Network|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-chainsaw-gore-back-19/143418265/|access-date=March 15, 2024|page=99}}
• {{cite book|last=Wood|first=Robin|author-link=Robin Wood|title=Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan|year=2003|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-05777-6|edition=2nd|chapter=Chapter Five: The American Nightmare|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CMCpsJBrtBQC|access-date=2023-12-14|archive-date=2023-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214030207/https://books.google.com/books?id=CMCpsJBrtBQC|url-status=live}}
• {{cite web|last=Wood|first=Jennifer|title=11 Things You Didn't Know About The Texas Chainsaw Massacre|url=https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/a23810/texas-chainsaw-things-you-didnt-know/|website=Esquire|access-date=March 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923122742/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/a23810/texas-chainsaw-things-you-didnt-know/|archive-date=September 23, 2015|date=October 21, 2014|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Wood 2014}}}}
• {{cite journal|last=Woodcock|first=Scott|title=Horror Films and the Argument from Reactive Attitudes|journal=Ethical Theory and Moral Practice|date=April 2013|volume=16|issue=2|pages=309–324|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media|jstor=24478799}}
• {{cite book|last=Worland|first=Rick|title=The Horror Film: An Introduction|date=October 30, 2006|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-4051-3902-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypi3waae0qsC}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Wooley|first=John|title=All in the Slaughter Family|date=October 1, 1986|magazine=Fangoria|volume=4|issue=58}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Wooley|first=John|title=Confessions of a Killer Designer|date=March 1, 1994|magazine=Fangoria|volume=2|issue=130}}
• {{cite web|last=Wright|first=Tracy|title=John Larroquette was paid in marijuana to narrate Texas Chainsaw Massacre, talks Night Court reboot|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/john-larroquette-paid-marijuana-narrate-texas-chainsaw-massacre|website=Fox News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121163431/https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/john-larroquette-paid-marijuana-narrate-texas-chainsaw-massacre|archive-date=January 21, 2023|date=January 16, 2023|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Wright 2023}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Zimmerman|first=Paul|title=Date shifts for Sinister and Texas Chainsaw Massacre 3D|url=http://fangoria.com/index.php/home/all-news/1-latest-news/6651-date-shifts-for-qsinisterq-and-qtexas-chainsaw-massacre-3dq|publisher=Fangoria|access-date=March 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101174724/http://fangoria.com/index.php/home/all-news/1-latest-news/6651-date-shifts-for-qsinisterq-and-qtexas-chainsaw-massacre-3dq|archive-date=November 1, 2012|date=February 27, 2012|url-status=dead|ref={{sfnref|Zimmerman 2012}}}}
• {{cite web|last=Zinoman|first=Jason|title=What Spooks the Masters of Horror?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/movies/horror-movies-rattle-their-makers.html|publisher=New York Times|access-date=December 29, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110821035650/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/movies/horror-movies-rattle-their-makers.html|archive-date=August 21, 2011|date=August 19, 2011|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Zinoman 2011}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Zinoman|first=Jason|author-link=Jason Zinoman|title=Shock Value: How a Few Eccentric Outsiders Gave Us Nightmares, Conquered Hollywood, and Invented Modern Horror|chapter=Chapter Seven: The Dance of Death|date=July 7, 2011|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-1015-1696-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKMQiZOQc04C}}
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• {{cite web|last=Zongker|first=Brett|title=25 Films Named to National Film Registry for Preservation|url=https://newsroom.loc.gov/news/25-films-named-to-national-film-registry-for-preservation/s/55d5285d-916f-4105-b7d4-7fc3ba8664e3|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=December 19, 2024|date=December 17, 2024|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Zongker 2024}}}}

{{refend}}

• {{cite journal|last=Bessette|first=Eliot|title=Emotional Point of View in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre|journal=Journal of Cinema and Media Studies|date=September 2022|volume=62|issue=1|pages=36-59|doi=10.1353/cj.2022.0062|publisher=Michigan Publishing}}
• {{cite journal|last=Chambost|first=Christophe|title=Southern Discomfort: Clanking, Rattling, and Screaming in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (Tobe Hooper, 1974)|journal=Miranda|date=April 27, 2021|pages=1-16|url=http://journals.openedition.org/miranda/36614|access-date=April 20, 2024|publisher=University of Toulouse}}
• {{cite journal|last=Kattelman|first=Beth|title='We Dare You to See This!': Ballyhoo and the 1970s horror film|journal=Horror Studies|date=June 2011|volume=2|issue=1|pages=61-74|publisher=Intellect Ltd}}
• {{cite journal|last=Sbravatti|first=Valerio|title=Story-Music / Discourse-Music: Analyzing the Relationship between Placement and Function of Music in Films|journal=Music and the Moving Image|date=Fall 2016|volume=9|issue=3|pages=19–37|publisher=University of Illinois Press|jstor=10.5406}}

• [https://thetexaschainsawmassacre.com/ Official Site]
• {{AFI film|55289|The Texas Chain Saw Massacre}}
• {{IMDb title|0072271|The Texas Chain Saw Massacre}}
• {{TCMDb title|92640|The Texas Chain Saw Massacre}}
• Original 1973 Leatherface script at the Internet Archive

{{The Texas Chainsaw Massacre}}

{{Tobe Hooper}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Portal bar|Film|United States|Texas}}