Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants#Dark L

Features of the voiced alveolar lateral approximant:

{{approximant}}

• There are four specific variants of {{IPA|[l]}}:
• Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
• Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
• Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
• Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.

{{voiced}}

{{oral}}

{{lateral}}

{{pulmonic}}

Languages may have clear apical or laminal alveolars, laminal denti-alveolars (such as French), or true dentals, which are uncommon. Laminal denti-alveolars tend to occur in continental European languages.Schirmer's pocket music dictionary However, a true dental generally occurs allophonically before {{IPA|/θ/}} in languages that have it, as in English health.

{{anchor|Dental}}

{{See also|Retroflex lateral approximant}}

{{Infobox IPA

| above = Velarized or Pharyngealized L

| ipa symbol = lˠ

| ipa symbol2 = lˤ

| ipa symbol3 = ɫ

| ipa number = 209

| decimal = 108

| decimal2 = 736

| x-sampa = 5 or l_G or l_?\

| imagefile = IPA Unicode 0x026B.svg

| imagesize = 150px

}}

The voiced velarized alveolar approximant (also known as dark l) is a type of consonantal sound used in some languages. It is an alveolar, denti-alveolar, or dental lateral approximant, with a secondary articulation of velarization or pharyngealization. The regular symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are {{angbr IPA|lˠ}} (for a velarized lateral) and {{angbr IPA|lˤ}} (for a pharyngealized lateral), though the dedicated letter {{angbr IPA|ɫ}}, which covers both velarization and pharyngealization, is perhaps more common. The latter should not be confused with belted {{angbr IPA|ɬ}}, which represents the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative. However, some scholars use that symbol to represent the velarized alveolar lateral approximant anywayFor example {{Harvcoltxt|Beal|2004}}. – though such usage is considered non-standard.

If the sound is dental or denti-alveolar, one could use a dental diacritic to indicate so: {{angbr IPA|l̪ˠ}}, {{angbr IPA|l̪ˤ}}, {{angbr IPA|ɫ̪}}.

Velarization and pharyngealization are generally associated with more dental articulations of coronal consonants, so dark l tends to be dental or denti-alveolar. Clear (non-velarized) l tends to be retracted to an alveolar position.{{sfnp|Recasens|Espinosa|2005|p=4}}

The term dark l is often synonymous with hard l, especially in Slavic languages. (Cf. Hard consonants)

Features of the dark l:

{{approximant}}

• There are four specific variants of {{IPA|[ɫ]}}:
• Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth.
• Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
• Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or, more rarely,{{sfnp|Recasens|Espinosa|2005|p=4}} the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
• Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
• It has a secondary articulation of velarization or pharyngealization, meaning that the back or root of the tongue approaches the soft palate (velum), or the back of the throat, respectively.

{{voiced}}

{{oral}}

{{lateral}}

{{pulmonic}}

• Index of phonetics articles
• Lateral consonant
• Velarization
• L-vocalization
• Ł

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{{Refend}}

• [https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/narrower/dark-l.html Dark L]
• {{phoible|l}}
• {{phoible|ɫ}}

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Category:Alveolar consonants

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