foreign relations of Denmark
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Politics of Denmark}}File:President George W. Bush and Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen hold a joint press conference.jpg and Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen hold a joint press conference outside Marienborg, July 2005.]]
File:Dmitry Medvedev in Denmark 28 April 2010-8.jpeg and Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen hold a joint press conference, April 2010.]]
The foreign policy of Denmark is based on its identity as a sovereign state in Europe, the Arctic and the North Atlantic. As such its primary foreign policy focus is on its relations with other nations as a sovereign state compromising the three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Denmark has long had good relations with other nations.
It has been involved in coordinating Western assistance to the Baltic states (Estonia,{{cite web|url= http://www.ambtallinn.um.dk/en/menu/TheEmbassy/DanishEstonianDefenceCooperation/DanishEstonianDefenceCooperation.htm|title= Danish – Estonian Defence Cooperation|author= Danish embassy in Tallinn, Estonia|access-date= 22 February 2011|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110429011715/http://www.ambtallinn.um.dk/en/menu/TheEmbassy/DanishEstonianDefenceCooperation/DanishEstonianDefenceCooperation.htm|archive-date= 29 April 2011}} Latvia, and Lithuania).{{cite web|url= http://www.ambriga.um.dk/da/menu/Forsvarssamarbejde/|title= Danish – Latvian Defence Cooperation|author= Danish embassy in Riga, Latvia|access-date= 22 February 2011|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110429013452/http://www.ambriga.um.dk/da/menu/Forsvarssamarbejde/|archive-date= 29 April 2011}}
The country is a strong supporter of international peacekeeping. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR), with IFOR,{{cite book |title=Bosnia: What Every American Should Know |last=Clark |first=A.L.|year=1996 |publisher=Berkley Books |location=New York}} and now SFOR.{{cite book| url = http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm| title = Bosnia-Hertsegovinia: The U.S. Army's Role in Peace Enforcement Operations 1995–2004| publisher = United States Army Center of Military History| id = CMH Pub 70-97-1| first = R. Cody| last = Phillips| location = Washington, D.C.| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131209001303/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm| archive-date = 9 December 2013}} Denmark also strongly supported American operations in Afghanistan and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the ISAF.{{cite web|url=http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland/2009/02/15/165853.htm |title=Danmarks Radio – Danmark mister flest soldater i Afghanistan |publisher=Dr.dk |date=15 February 2009}} These initiatives are a part of the "active foreign policy" of Denmark.
Instead of the traditional adaptative foreign policy of The unity of the Realm, Kingdom of Denmark is today pursuing an active foreign policy, where human rights, democracy and other crucial values are to be defended actively. In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues, such as fishing, whaling and geopolitical concerns.
Following World War II, Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of neutrality. Denmark has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949, and membership in NATO remains highly popular.{{cite web |url= https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3167.htm|title= US Department of State: Kingdom of Denmark|author= Government of the United States|access-date=16 June 2012}} There were several serious confrontations between the U.S. and Denmark on security policy in the so-called "footnote era" (1982–88), when an alternative parliamentary majority forced the government to adopt specific national positions on nuclear and arms control issues.
The alternative majority in these issues was because the Social liberal Party (Radikale Venstre) supported the governing majority in economic policy issues, but was against certain NATO policies and voted with the left in these issues. The conservative led Centre-right government accepted this variety of "minority parliamentarism", that is, without making it a question of the government's parliamentary survival.
With the end of the Cold War, Denmark has been supportive of U.S. policy objectives in the Alliance.
Danes have a reputation as "reluctant" Europeans. When they rejected ratification of the Maastricht Treaty on 2 June 1992, they put the EC's plans for the European Union on hold.{{cite web|url= http://www.eu-oplysningen.dk/dkeu/dk/afstemninger/afstemning/1993/|title= Maastricht-traktaten & Edinburgh-afgørelsen 18. maj 1993|language= da|access-date= 22 February 2011|archive-date= 27 September 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185759/http://www.eu-oplysningen.dk/dkeu/dk/afstemninger/afstemning/1993/|url-status= dead}} In December 1992, the rest of the EC agreed to exempt Denmark from certain aspects of the European Union, including a common security and defense policy, a common currency, EU citizenship, and certain aspects of legal cooperation. The Amsterdam Treaty was approved in the referendum of 28 May 1998.
In the autumn of 2000, Danish citizens rejected membership of the Euro currency group in a referendum. The Lisbon treaty was ratified by the Danish parliament alone.{{cite web|title=Denmark and the Treaty of Lisbon|url=http://www.eu-oplysningen.dk/euo_en/dkeu/lissabon/|publisher=Folketinget|access-date=20 October 2011|archive-date=23 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723062021/http://www.eu-oplysningen.dk/euo_en/dkeu/lissabon/|url-status=dead}} It was not considered a surrendering of national sovereignty, which would have implied the holding of a referendum according to article 20 of the constitution.{{cite web|title=No Danish vote on Lisbon Treaty|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7138138.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=11 December 2007}}
History
{{Main|History of Denmark}}
In 1807 Denmark was neutral but Britain bombarded Copenhagen and seized the Danish Navy, Denmark became an ally of Napoleon. After Napoleon was profoundly defeated in Russia in 1812, the Allies repeatedly offered King Frederick VI a proposal to change sides and break with Napoleon. The king refused. Therefore, at the peace of Kiel in 1814, Denmark was forced to cede Norway to Sweden. Denmark thus became one of the chief losers of the Napoleonic Wars. Danish historiography portrayed King Frederick VI as stubborn and incompetent, and motivated by a blind loyalty to Napoleon. A more recent Danish historiographical approach emphasizes the Danish state was multi-territorial, and included the semi – separate Kingdom of Norway. It was dependent for food on grain imports controlled by Napoleon, and worried about Swedish ambitions. From the king's perspective, these factors called for an alliance with Napoleon. Furthermore, the king expected the war would end in a negotiated international conference, with Napoleon playing a powerful role that included saving Norway for Denmark.Michael Bregnsbo, "The motives behind the foreign political decisions of Frederick VI during the Napoleonic Wars." Scandinavian Journal of History 39.3 (2014): 335–352.Ole Feldbæk, "Denmark in the Napoleonic Wars: A Foreign Policy Survey." Scandinavian Journal of History 26.2 (2001): 89–101.
=1900–1945=
{{Further|Denmark in World War II}}
The Danish government responded to the First World War by declaring neutrality 1914–1918. It maintained that status until 1945 and accordingly adjusted trade; humanitarianism; diplomacy; and attitudes. The war thus reshaped economic relations and shifting domestic power balances.Karen Gram-Skjoldager, "Denmark during the First World War: Neutral policy, economy and culture." Journal of Modern European History 17.2 (2019): 234–250.
= 1990– =
Since the end of the Cold War, Denmark has become more supportive of U.S. foreign policy. Denmark supported the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 and contributed assets to the invasion.{{Citation|last1=Mariager|first1=Rasmus|title=From Nordic Peacekeeper to NATO Peacemaker: Denmark's Journey from Semi-neutral to Super Ally|date=2021|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51529-4_8|work=Small States and the New Security Environment|pages=103–117|editor-last=Brady|editor-first=Anne-Marie|series=The World of Small States|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-51529-4_8|isbn=978-3-030-51529-4|access-date=2020-12-10|last2=Wivel|first2=Anders|volume=7 |s2cid=229428154 |editor2-last=Thorhallsson|editor2-first=Baldur|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite web|date=2015|title=Denmark's role in Iraq War faces new scrutiny|url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20150706/denmarks-involvement-in-iraq-war-faces-new-questions|access-date=2020-12-10|website=www.thelocal.dk}} Denmark also participated in the Afghanistan War. Denmark increased its participation in military and peacekeeping operations compared to the pre-Cold War period. Whereas Denmark only participated in 13 military operations from 1945 to 1989, Denmark participated in 76 military operations between 1990 and 2018.
International disputes
- North Pole. Denmark is trying to prove that the North Pole is geographically connected to Greenland. If such proof is established, the Kingdom will claim the North Pole.{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3716178.stm|title= Denmark hopes to claim North Pole |date= 5 October 2004|work=BBC News}}
Settled international disputes
- Hans Island. An island located between Greenland and Canadian Arctic islands. Unresolved boundary disputed between Canada and Denmark (The state of Denmark is responsible for Greenland's foreign relations). This dispute flared up again in July 2005 following the visit of a Canadian minister to the disputed island.{{cite book| title = Memorandum on Denmark's sovereignty over Hans Island| year = 1971 |publisher = Foreign Affairs of Denmark | location = Copenhagen| page = 30}} On 14 June 2022 both countries agreed to split the disputed island in half. In accordance with the Greenland home rule treaty, Denmark handles certain foreign affairs, such as border disputes, on behalf of the entire Danish Realm.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Denmark maintains diplomatic relations with:
Bilateral relations
= Europe =
= Americas =
= Middle East =
= Asia =
= Africa =
Eritrea was a Danish programme country from 1993 to 1996, and again from 1999 to 2001. In 1996, Denmark assisted 112 million DKK to the agriculture sector, and 80 million DKK to the education sector.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/~/media/UM/English-site/Documents/Danida/Eval/978-91-586-4056-6/Managing_Aid_Exit_and_Transformation_Eritrea_Country_Case_Study.ashx|title=Danish Bilateral Development Aid to Eritrea|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 December 2011|archive-date=8 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608105631/http://um.dk/en/~/media/UM/English-site/Documents/Danida/Eval/978-91-586-4056-6/Managing_Aid_Exit_and_Transformation_Eritrea_Country_Case_Study.ashx|url-status=dead}}
Relations between Eritrea and Denmark have been bad, since Denmark decided to suspend development cooperation with Eritrea in January 2002, and completely closed its embassy in Eritrea in June 2002.{{cite news|url=http://politiken.dk/udland/ECE40296/danske-mineryddere-paa-vej-hjem-fra-eritrea/|title=Danske mineryddere på vej hjem fra Eritrea|newspaper=Politiken|date=2 September 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006113453/http://politiken.dk/udland/ECE40296/danske-mineryddere-paa-vej-hjem-fra-eritrea/|archive-date=6 October 2012}}
- Denmark is represented in Eritrea through its embassy in Nairobi.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/eritrea/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722093953/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/eritrea/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 July 2012 |title=Eritrea |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011 }}
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|{{flag|Eswatini}}||{{dts|4 February 1997}}{{Cite web |title=The Copenhagen List - October 2004 |url=http://www.um.dk/NR/rdonlyres/AEFE013A-1155-4758-8B00-3035BE59D87D/0/DiplomaticMissionsOct2004.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050725132830/http://www.um.dk/NR/rdonlyres/AEFE013A-1155-4758-8B00-3035BE59D87D/0/DiplomaticMissionsOct2004.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2005 |access-date=13 January 2024}}
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- Denmark has a consulate in Mbabane.{{cite web|title=Consulates|url=http://www.ambpretoria.um.dk/da/menu/Borgerservice/Konsulater/|access-date=21 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903214920/http://www.ambpretoria.um.dk/da/menu/Borgerservice/Konsulater/|archive-date=3 September 2011}}
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|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1967|4|5}}{{cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |date=1967 |page=767 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWsEAQAAIAAJ}}
||See Denmark–Ethiopia relations
- Denmark has an embassy in Addis Ababa.{{cite web |title=Danish embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |url=http://www.ambaddisababa.um.dk/en |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=7 December 2011 |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101044608/http://www.ambaddisababa.um.dk/en |archive-date=1 January 2012}}
- Ethiopia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.
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|{{flag|Gabon}}||{{dts|2 April 1973}}{{Cite book |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910991.pdf |title=Kongelig Dansk Hof-og Statskalender 1974 |year=1974 |pages=254 |language=da}}
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- Denmark have a consulate in Libreville.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/gabon/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718105845/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/gabon/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 July 2012 |title=Gabon |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011 }}
- Gabon is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.
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|{{flag|Gambia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|January 1979}}{{cite book |title=West Africa, 3429–3446 |pages=1481 |date=1983}}
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- Denmark is represented in Gambia, through its embassy in Bamako.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/gambia/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716121440/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/gambia/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2012 |title=Gambia |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011 }}
- Gambia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.
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|{{flag|Ghana}}||{{dts|28 September 1961}}||See Denmark–Ghana relations
- Denmark has an embassy in Accra.{{cite web|title=Danish embassy in Accra, Ghana|url=http://ghana.um.dk/|publisher=Government of Denmark|access-date=24 December 2011}}
- Ghana has an embassy in Copenhagen.{{cite web|title=Ghanese embassy in Copenhagen|url=http://www.ghanaembassy.dk/|access-date=11 December 2011}}
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|{{flag|Guinea}}||{{dts|1 December 1961}}
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- Denmark is represented in Guinea, through its embassy in Accra.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/guinea/|title=Guinea|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716195147/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/guinea/|archive-date=16 July 2012}}
- Guinea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.
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|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}||{{dts|8 November 1991}}{{Cite book |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/918009.pdf |title=Kongelig Dansk Hof-og Statskalender 1993 |year=1993 |pages=205 |language=da}}
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- Denmark is represented in Guinea Bissau, through its embassy in Lisbon.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/guinea-bissau-republic-of/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801072624/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/guinea-bissau-republic-of/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 August 2012 |title=Republic of Guinea-Bissau |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011 }}
- Guinea-Bissau is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.
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|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}||{{dts|14 June 1963}}
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- Denmark is represented in Côte d'Ivoire, through its embassy in Accra.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/ivory-coast/|title=Ivory Coast|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=30 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130213010641/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/ivory-coast/|archive-date=13 February 2013}}
- Denmark have a consulate general in Abidjan.
- Côte d'Ivoire have an embassy in Copenhagen.{{cite web|url=http://www.ambacotedivoire.org/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227152357/http://www.ambacotedivoire.org/|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 December 2005|title=Ivory Coast|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=3 November 2010}}
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|{{flag|Kenya}}||{{dts|23 October 1964}}||See Denmark–Kenya relations
- Denmark has an embassy in Nairobi.{{cite web |title=Danish embassy in Nairobi, Kenya |url=http://www.ambnairobi.um.dk/en |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=11 December 2011 |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426053711/http://www.ambnairobi.um.dk/en/ |archive-date=26 April 2011}}
- Kenya is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.
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- Denmark have a consulate in Maseru.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/lesotho/|title=Lesotho|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717132405/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/lesotho/|archive-date=17 July 2012}}
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|{{flag|Liberia}}||{{dts|31 December 1861}}{{cite journal|last1=Wesley|first1=Charles H.|title=The Struggle for the Recognition of Haiti and Liberia as Independent Republics|journal=The Journal of Negro History|date=October 1917|volume=2|issue=4|page=378|doi=10.2307/2713395|jstor=2713395|s2cid=149563783}}{{cite book |author1=Thomas McCants Stewart |title=Revised Statutes of the Republic of Liberia: Being a Revision of the Statutes from the Organization of the Government in 1848 to and Including the Acts of the Legislature of 1910–1911 : with Forms of Conveyance and Procedure (1) |date=1928 |website=Établissements Busson}}
{{dts|format=dmy|11 July 1963}}{{cite book |title=Udenrigsministeriets Tidsskrift |language=da|date=1963 |page=548}}
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- Denmark is represented in Liberia, through its embassy in Accra.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/liberia/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722174401/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/liberia/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 July 2012 |title=Liberia |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011 }}
- Liberia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.
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|{{flag|Libya}}||{{dts|18 April 1968}}{{Cite book |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/921662.pdf |title=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender 1969 |year=1969 |pages=18 |language=da}}||See Denmark–Libya relations
- Libya closed its embassy in Copenhagen, as a protest against the Jyllandsposten cartoons controversy, in 2006.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4660796.stm|title= Libya to shut embassy in Denmark|work=BBC News|date=29 January 2006}}
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|{{flag|Madagascar}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1964|1}}{{cite web |title=Danemark |url=https://www.diplomatie.gov.mg/index.php?static81/danemark |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Madagascar |access-date=27 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005185718/https://www.diplomatie.gov.mg/index.php?static81%2Fdanemark |archive-date=5 October 2016 |language=fr |url-status=live }}
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- Denmark is represented in Madagascar, through its embassy in Pretoria.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/madagascar/|title=Madagaskar|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715051620/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/madagascar/|archive-date=15 July 2012}}
- Denmark have a consulate in Antananarivo.
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|{{flag|Malawi}}||{{dts|22 February 1966}}{{Cite web |title=Kongelig Dansk Hof-og Statskalender 1967 |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910954.pdf |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=SLÆGTSFORSKERNES BIBLIOTEK |page=28 |language=da}}
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- Denmark is represented in Malawi, through its embassy in Maputo.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/malawi/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718002920/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/malawi/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 July 2012 |title=Malawi |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011}}
- Malawi is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.
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- Denmark has an embassy in Bamako.{{cite web|title=Danish embassy in Bamako, Mali|url=http://www.bamako.um.dk/da|publisher=Government of Denmark|access-date=19 October 2011|language=da|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030045650/http://www.bamako.um.dk/da|archive-date=30 October 2011}}
From 2006 to 2011, Denmark assisted Mali with 800 million DKK for poverty reduction.{{cite web|url=http://www.bamako.um.dk/da/menu/Udviklingssamarbejde/|title=Development Cooperation|publisher=Danish embassy in Bamako, Mali|access-date=3 February 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719134130/http://www.bamako.um.dk/da/menu/Udviklingssamarbejde/|archive-date=19 July 2011}}
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|{{flag|Mauritania}}||{{dts|19 April 1975}}{{Cite book |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910993.pdf |title=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender 1976 |year=1976 |pages=264 |language=da}}
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- Denmark is represented in Mauritania, through its embassy in Rabat.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/mauritania/|title=Mauretanien|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730092057/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/mauritania/|archive-date=30 July 2012}}
- Mauritania is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.
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|{{flag|Mauritius}}||{{dts|2 March 1973}}{{cite web |title=News |url=http://www1.govmu.org/portal/sites/mfamission/london/news.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806052020/http://www1.govmu.org/portal/sites/mfamission/london/news.htm |archive-date=6 August 2017 |access-date=7 September 2019 |website=Mauritius High Commission London}}
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- Denmark have a consulate in Port Louis.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/mauritius-republic-of/|title=Mauritius|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719042737/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/mauritius-republic-of/|archive-date=19 July 2012}}
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|{{flag|Morocco}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1957|11|29}}{{cite web |title=Danemark |url=https://www.diplomatie.ma/Politique%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re/Europe/RelationsbilateralesEuropeduNord/tabid/180/vw/1/ItemID/561/language/en-US/Default.aspx |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Morocco |access-date=27 August 2019 |language=fr |archive-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413185948/http://www.diplomatie.ma/Politique%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re/Europe/RelationsbilateralesEuropeduNord/tabid/180/vw/1/ItemID/561/language/en-US/Default.aspx |url-status=dead }}
||See Denmark–Morocco relations
- Denmark has an embassy in Rabat.{{cite web |title=Danish embassy in Rabat, Morocco |url=http://www.rabat.um.dk/da |publisher=Government of Denmark |access-date=20 October 2011 |language=da |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101044922/http://www.rabat.um.dk/da |archive-date=1 January 2012}}
- Morocco has an embassy in Copenhagen.{{cite web |last1=Ritzau |first1=Fra |title=Marokkos ambassadør elsker danske fester |url=https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/kultur/marokkos-ambassadoer-elsker-danske-fester |website=Kristeligt Dagblad |access-date=15 November 2019 |language=da |date=5 August 2018}}
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|{{flag|Mozambique}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1975|6|25}}{{cite book |title=Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997 |date=1999 |isbn=0313302472 |page=215|last1=Kalley |first1=Jacqueline Audrey |last2=Schoeman |first2=Elna |last3=Andor |first3=Lydia Eve |publisher=Greenwood Publishing }}||See Denmark–Mozambique relations
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|{{flag|Namibia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1990}}{{cite book |title=Independence special |date=1990 |publisher=Ministry of Information and Broadcasting |page=18}}
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- Denmark is represented in Namibia, through its embassy in Pretoria.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/namibia/|title=Namibia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716223650/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/namibia/|archive-date=16 July 2012}}
- Namibia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.{{cite web|url=http://www.embassyofnamibia.se/|title=Namibian embassy to Sweden and the other Nordic countries|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Namibia|access-date=3 November 2010}}
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|{{flag|Niger}}||{{dts|25 May 1965}}{{Cite web |title=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Stats Kalender 1966 |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/921659.pdf |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=slaegtsbibliotek.dk |page=[24] |language=da}}
|
- Denmark is represented in Niger, through its embassy in Ouagadougou.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/niger/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913194422/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/niger/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 September 2012 |title=Niger |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011 }}
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|{{flag|Nigeria}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1960|10}}{{cite news |title=Nigeria and Denmark have many shared values|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/12/nigeria-denmark-many-shared-values/ |access-date=16 August 2018 |agency=Vanguard |date=19 December 2017}}||See Foreign relations of Nigeria
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|{{flag|Rwanda}}||{{dts|2 April 1963}}
|
- Denmark is represented in Rwanda, through its embassy in Kampala.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/rwanda/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719164155/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/rwanda/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 July 2012 |title=Rwanda |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011 }}
- Rwanda is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.{{cite web|url=http://www.sweden.embassy.gov.rw/|title=Rwandan embassy in Sweden|access-date=3 November 2010}}
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|{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}|| None ||
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has a representative office in Copenhagen.{{cite news|title=POLISARIO Front Representative received at the Danish Foreign Affairs Ministry|url=http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/polisario-front-representative-received-danish-foreign-affairs-ministry|access-date=21 October 2011|newspaper=Sahara Press Service|date=15 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501175613/http://www.spsrasd.info/en/content/polisario-front-representative-received-danish-foreign-affairs-ministry|archive-date=1 May 2012}}
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|
- Denmark is represented in São Tomé and Príncipe, through its embassy in Lisbon.{{cite web|url=http://www.amblissabon.um.dk/en/menu/aboutus/sotomandprncipe/|title=Danish Embassy in Portugal: Sao Tome|access-date=26 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306223754/http://www.amblissabon.um.dk/en/menu/AboutUs/SoTomAndPrncipe/|archive-date=6 March 2010}}
- São Tomé and Príncipe is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.
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|{{flag|Senegal}}||{{dts|16 May 1961}}
|
- Denmark have a consulate general in Dakar.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/senegal/|title=Senegal|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120718082542/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/senegal/|archive-date=18 July 2012}}
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|{{flag|Seychelles}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1979}}{{cite news|title= Elections highlight Seychelles' stability, says Danish ambassador|newspaper= Seychelles Nation Online|url= http://www.nation.sc/index.php?art=9214|date= 23 May 2007|access-date= 18 February 2011|archive-date= 18 July 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110718144054/http://www.nation.sc/index.php?art=9214|url-status= dead}}
|
- Denmark has a consulate in Victoria, Seychelles.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/seychelles-republic-of/|title=Seychellerne|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716155026/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/seychelles-republic-of/|archive-date=16 July 2012}}
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|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}||{{dts|22 January 1973}}{{Cite web |title=Kongelig Dansk Hof-og Statskalender 1974 |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/910991.pdf |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=Slægtsforskernes Bibliotek |page=260 |language=da}}
|
- Denmark has a consulate in Freetown.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/sierra-leone/ |title=Sierra Leone |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902083106/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/sierra-leone/ |archive-date=2 September 2012}}
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|{{flag|Somalia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1960|7|9}}{{cite web|title=Our Diplomatic Relations|url=http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Diplomatic%20Relations.html|work=Government of Denmark|access-date=22 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724073959/http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Diplomatic%20Relations.html|archive-date=24 July 2011|url-status=dead}}||See Denmark–Somalia relations
- Denmark has a consulate general in Mogadishu.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/somalia/|title=Somalia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=19 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902083143/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/somalia/|archive-date=2 September 2012}}
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|{{flag|South Africa}}||{{dts|1947}}{{Cite book |title=Kongelig Dansk Hof-og Statskalender 1947 : Statshåndbog for Kongeriget Danmark |date=1947 |publisher=Universitets bogtrykkeri |pages=32}}||See Denmark–South Africa relations
- Denmark has an embassy in Pretoria.{{cite web|title=Danish embassy in Pretoria, South Africa|url=http://www.ambpretoria.um.dk/en|publisher=Government of Denmark|access-date=20 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101135736/http://www.ambpretoria.um.dk/en|archive-date=1 November 2011}}
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|{{flag|South Sudan}}|| {{dts|format=dmy|2012|5|4}}{{Cite web|date=15 May 2012|title=[SouthSudanInfo] GoSS website : 25/04 to 14/05|url=https://www.mail-archive.com/southsudankob@googlegroups.com/msg03550.html|access-date=31 December 2021}}||
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|{{flag|Sudan}}||{{dts|8 May 1958}}
||See Denmark–Sudan relations
- Denmark is represented in Sudan, through its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.{{cite web|title=Danish contact information in Sudan. |url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/sudan/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717104831/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/sudan/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 July 2012 |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark) |access-date=8 August 2011 }}
- Sudan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Oslo, Norway.{{cite web|title=The embassy of Sudan in Oslo |url=http://www.sudanoslo.no/Pages/links.shtml |work=Government of Sudan |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Sudan) |access-date=8 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807144715/http://www.sudanoslo.no/Pages/links.shtml |archive-date=7 August 2011}}
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|{{flag|Tanzania}}||{{dts|8 December 1964}}
|See Denmark–Tanzania relations
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|{{flag|Tunisia}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1959}}{{cite web|title=Bilateral relations|url=http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/index.php?id=357&no_cache=1&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[action]=singleView&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[pointer]=0&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[mode]=1&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[showUid]=181|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Tunisia|access-date=10 July 2011|language=fr|archive-date=30 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530003219/http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/index.php?id=357&no_cache=1&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[action]=singleView&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[pointer]=0&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[mode]=1&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[showUid]=181|url-status=dead}} ||See Foreign relations of Tunisia
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|{{flag|Togo}}||{{dts|21 June 1968}}
|
- Denmark is represented in Togo, through its embassy in Cotonou.{{cite web|url=http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/togo/ |title=Togo |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=19 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905132345/http://um.dk/en/about-us/organisation/missions-abroad/africa/togo/ |archive-date=5 September 2012}}
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|{{flag|Uganda}}||{{dts|26 January 1965}}
|
- Uganda has an embassy in Copenhagen.{{cite web |title=Ugandan embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark |url=http://www.ugandaembassy.dk/ |publisher=Government of Uganda |access-date=20 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025101454/http://www.ugandaembassy.dk/ |archive-date=25 October 2011}}
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|{{flag|Zambia}}||{{dts|10 February 1965}}
||See Denmark–Zambia relations
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|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1980|4|18}}||See Foreign relations of Zimbabwe
|}
= Oceania =
See also
{{Portal|Kingdom of Denmark}}
; Politics of Denmark
- History of Denmark
- Denmark–Soviet Union relations
- Politics of Denmark
- Politics of the Faroe Islands
- Politics of Greenland
- Denmark and the European Union
- Danish European Union opt-outs referendum
- Scandinavian defense union
- List of diplomatic missions of Denmark
- List of diplomatic missions in Denmark
- Visa requirements for Danish citizens
- Foreign relations of Greenland
- List of ambassadors of Denmark
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Notes
{{Reflist|group=note}}
Further reading
- Andreasen, Uffe. "Reflections on public diplomacy after the Danish cartoon crises: From crisis management to normal public diplomacy work." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 3.2 (2008): 201–207.
- Due-Nielsen, Carsten, and Nikolaj Petersen. "Denmark's foreign policy since 1967: An introduction." in Adaptation and Activism (Copenhagen: DJØF Publishing, 1995): 11–54.
- [https://static-curis.ku.dk/portal/files/183210404/Ph.d._afhandling_2017_Frederichsen.pdf Frederichsen, Kim. Soviet Cultural Diplomacy Towards Denmark During the Cold War, 1945–1991 (PhD. Diss. University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, 2017)].
- [https://pure.diis.dk/ws/files/916094/Yearbook_2017_web.pdf#page=77 Henriksen, Anders, and Jon Rahbek-Clemmensen. "The Greenland card: Prospects for and barriers to Danish Arctic diplomacy in Washington." Danish foreign policy yearbook 1 (2017): 75–98.]
- Jakobsen, Peter Viggo, Jens Ringsmose, and Håkon Lunde Saxi. "Prestige-seeking small states: Danish and Norwegian military contributions to US-led operations." European journal of international security 3.2 (2018): 256–277.
- [https://scholar.archive.org/work/666ldb6ffjhizacxgny5x2mq2a/access/wayback/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14794012.2015.1022370 Jakobsen, Peter Viggo, and Jens Ringsmose. "Size and reputation—why the USA has valued its ‘special relationships’ with Denmark and the UK differently since 9/11." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 13.2 (2015): 135-153. ]
- Kaarbo, Juliet, and Cristian Cantir. "Role conflict in recent wars: Danish and Dutch debates over Iraq and Afghanistan." Cooperation and Conflict 48.4 (2013): 465–483.
- Kronvall. Olof. "[https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-748 US–Scandinavian Relations Since 1940]." in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. (Oxford University Press, 2020).
- [https://www.peterlang.com/view/title/58158 Lidegaard, Bo. Defiant Diplomacy: Henrik Kauffmann, Denmark, and the United States in World War II and the Cold War, 1939–1958. Peter Lang, 2003.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061807/https://www.peterlang.com/view/title/58158 |date=26 October 2020 }} {{ISBN|978-0-8204-6819-8}}.
- [https://fhs.brage.unit.no/fhs-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/99457/FS0287.pdf Petersen, Nikolaj. "Denmark and NATO 1948-1987." (1987). ]
- {{cite journal |last1=Rahbek-Clemmensen |first1=Jon |title=Denmark in the Arctic: Bowing to three masters |journal=Atlantisch Perspectief |date=2011 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=9–14 |jstor=48580871 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48580871}}
- Rahbek-Clemmensen, Jon. ""An Arctic Great Power"? Recent Developments in Danish Arctic Policy." Arctic Yearbook 5 (2016): 387–399.
- {{cite book|title=Britain and Denmark: political, economic and cultural relations in the 19th and 20th centuries|year=2003|isbn=87-7289-750-3|page=658|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWKUdolTeUIC&pg=PA181|author1=Sevaldsen, Jørgen |author2=Bo Bjørke |author3=Claus Bjørn |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |access-date=21 October 2011}}
- Tonra, Ben. The Europeanisation of national foreign policy: Dutch, Danish and Irish foreign policy in the European Union (Routledge, 2018) [https://books.google.com/books?id=xsVKDwAAQBAJ&dq=dutch+diplomacy&pg=PT7 online].
- [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s42738-019-00020-2 Wivel, Anders, and Matthew Crandall. "Punching above their weight, but why? Explaining Denmark and Estonia in the transatlantic relationship." Journal of transatlantic studies 17.3 (2019): 392-419. ]
- {{cite book|title=Development co-operation review series: Denmark|year=1999|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|location=9264170707|page=79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QikfPKt99GQC&pg=PA61|isbn=978-92-64-17070-4}}
=Pre-1940=
- {{cite journal |title= When the Cannons Talk, the Diplomats Must Be Silent": A Danish Diplomat in Constantinople during the Armenian Genocide |journal= Genocide Studies and Prevention |volume= 1 |issue= 2 |year= 2006 |publisher= University of Toronto Press|issn= 1911-0359|page= 224|doi= 10.3138/1567-7412-6RQ6-441Q|last1= Bjørnlund |first1= Matthias |url= https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/context/gsp/article/1246/viewcontent/1.2.bjornlund.pdf |url-access= }}
- {{cite book|title=History of the relations between Belgium and Denmark|oclc=13448184|page=47|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009531511|author=Colot, Pierre |series=Memo from Belgium; no 193 |year=1984 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, External Trade and Coopération in Development |access-date=22 October 2011}}
- Feldbæk, Ole. "Eighteenth‐century Danish neutrality: Its diplomacy, economics and law." Scandinavian Journal of History 8.1–4 (1983): 3–21.
- Feldbæk, Ole. "Denmark and the Treaty of Kiel 1814." Scandinavian Journal of History 15.3–4 (1990): 259–268.
- Feldbæk, Ole. "Denmark in the Napoleonic Wars: A Foreign Policy Survey." Scandinavian Journal of History 26.2 (2001): 89–101
- [http://www5.kb.dk/export/sites/kb_dk/en/nb/komponentgalleri/nb/713787158x1x.pdf Feldbæk, Ole. "Denmark and the Baltic 1720–1864." In Quest of Trade and Security. the Baltic in Power Politics 1500–1990. Vol 1. 1500–1890 (Probus Förlag, 1995) pp. 257–95.]
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=xb0l7EWOi3UC&dq=denmark+diplomacy&pg=PA5 Fogdall, Soren Jacob Marius Peterson. Danish-American Diplomacy, 1776–1920 (1922) ].
- {{cite book|title=Denmark and Germany since 1815|year=1862|publisher=Harvard College Library|page=500|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qREwAAAAYAAJ|author=Gosch, Christian Carl August |isbn=9780598403308 |access-date=21 October 2011}}
- Gram-Skjoldager, Karen. "Denmark during the First World War: Neutral policy, economy and culture." Journal of Modern European History 17.2 (2019): 234–250.
- Jónsson, Már. "Denmark-Norway as a potential world power in the early seventeenth century." Itinerario 33.2 (2009): 17–27.
- {{cite book|title=China and Denmark: relations since 1674|year=2000|publisher=Nordic Institute of Asian Studies|isbn=87-87062-71-2|page=341|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggWLz3iQU4gC&pg=PP7|author=Kirkebæk, Mads|access-date=21 October 2011}}
- Murdoch, Steve. Britain, Denmark-Norway and the House of Stuart, 1603–1660: A Diplomatic and Military Analysis (Tuckwell Press, 2000).
- Naum, Magdalena, and Jonas M. Nordin. "Introduction: Situating Scandinavian Colonialism." in Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity (Springer, 2013) pp. 3–16.