instructions per second

File:Computing efficiency, OWID.svg

Instructions per second (IPS) is a measure of a computer's processor speed. For complex instruction set computers (CISCs), different instructions take different amounts of time, so the value measured depends on the instruction mix; even for comparing processors in the same family the IPS measurement can be problematic. Many reported IPS values have represented "peak" execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches and no cache contention, whereas realistic workloads typically lead to significantly lower IPS values. Memory hierarchy also greatly affects processor performance, an issue barely considered in IPS calculations. Because of these problems, synthetic benchmarks such as Dhrystone are now generally used to estimate computer performance in commonly used applications, and raw IPS has fallen into disuse.

The term is commonly used in association with a metric prefix (k, M, G, T, P, or E) to form kilo instructions per second (kIPS), mega instructions per second (MIPS), giga instructions per second (GIPS) and so on. Formerly TIPS was used occasionally for "thousand IPS".

Computing

IPS can be calculated using this equation:{{cite web|url=http://en.community.dell.com/techcenter/high-performance-computing/w/wiki/2329.aspx|title=Technical Resources migrated from TechCenter - Dell US|first=Dell|last=US|website=en.community.dell.com|access-date=17 October 2016|archive-date=28 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528065702/http://en.community.dell.com/techcenter/high-performance-computing/w/wiki/2329.aspx|url-status=live}}

: $\text{IPS} = \text{sockets} \times \frac{\text{cores}}{\text{socket}} \times \text{clock} \times \frac{\text{Is}}{\text{cycle}}$

However, the instructions/cycle measurement depends on the instruction sequence, the data and external factors.

Thousand instructions per second (TIPS/kIPS)

Before standard benchmarks were available, average speed rating of computers was based on calculations for a mix of instructions with the results given in kilo instructions per second (kIPS). The most famous was the Gibson Mix,{{cite tech report

|last=Gibson

|first=J.C.

|year=1970

|title=The Gibson Mix

|type=Technical Report TR 00.2043

|institution=IBM Systems Development Division

|location=Poughkeepsie, N.Y.

}} produced by Jack Clark Gibson of IBM for scientific applications in 1959.

Other ratings, such as the ADP mix which does not include floating point operations, were produced for commercial applications. The thousand instructions per second (kIPS) unit is rarely used today, as most current microprocessors can execute at least a million instructions per second.

=The Gibson Mix=

Gibson divided computer instructions into 12 classes, based on the IBM 704 architecture, adding a 13th class to account for indexing time. Weights were primarily based on analysis of seven scientific programs run on the 704, with a small contribution from some IBM 650 programs. The overall score was then the weighted sum of the average execution speed for instructions in each class.{{cite book|url=https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/downloads/t148fm257|title=Computer Performance and Evaluation Utilizating the Resource Planing and Management System, Masters Thesis|first=Jimmie Lynn|last=Elliot|date=June 5, 1975|publisher=Oregon State University|access-date=March 21, 2021|chapter=Appendix E, The Gibson Mix by Jack C. Gibson|pages=88–92|archive-date=12 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412011114/https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/downloads/t148fm257|url-status=live}}

class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" ! The Gibson Mix !! %
1. Loads and Store	31.2
2. Fixed Point Add and Subtract	6.1
3. Compares	3.8
4. Branches	16.6
5. Floating Add and Subtract	6.9
6. Floating Multiply	3.8
7. Floating Divide	1.5
8. Fixed Point Multiply	0.6
9. Fixed Point Divide	0.2
10. Shifting	4.4
11. Logical, And, Or, etc.	1.6
12. Instructions Not Using Registers	5.3
13. Indexing	18

Total	100

{{anchor|MIPS}} Millions of instructions per second (MIPS)

The speed of a given CPU depends on many factors, such as the type of instructions being executed, the execution order and the presence of branch instructions (problematic in CPU pipelines). CPU instruction rates are different from clock frequencies, usually reported in Hz, as each instruction may require several clock cycles to complete or the processor may be capable of executing multiple independent instructions simultaneously. MIPS can be useful when comparing performance between processors made with similar architecture (e.g. Microchip branded microcontrollers), but they are difficult to compare between differing CPU architectures.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/enewsletterexclusive/9806p1.aspx|title=Don't be Misled by MIPS|author=Ted MacNeil|publisher=IBM magazine|access-date=2009-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723080942/http://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/tipstechniques/systemsmanagement/Don-t-Be-Misled-By-MIPS/|archive-date=2012-07-23|url-status=dead}} This led to the term "Meaningless Indicator of Processor Speed,"{{cite book

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LqabAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22meaningless+indicator+of+processor+speed%22+book&pg=PT45

| title = System Performance Tuning

| page = 32

| date = 2002

| isbn = 9780596002848

| last1 = Musumeci

| first1 = Gian-Paolo D.

| last2 = Loukides

| first2 = Mike

| last3 = Loukides

| first3 = Michael Kosta

| publisher = "O'Reilly Media, Inc."

}} or less commonly, "Meaningless Indices of Performance," {{cite magazine

| url = https://archive.org/stream/PC-Mag-1987-11-24#page/n105/mode/2up

| title = The Best of Both Worlds: Mac II vs. IBM PS/2 Model 80

| page = 105

| date = November 24, 1987

| magazine = PC Magazine

}} being popular amongst technical people by the mid-1980s.

For this reason, MIPS has become not a measure of instruction execution speed, but task performance speed compared to a reference. In the late 1970s, minicomputer performance was compared using VAX MIPS, where computers were measured on a task and their performance rated against the VAX-11/780 that was marketed as a 1 MIPS machine. (The measure was also known as the VAX Unit of Performance or VUP.) This was chosen because the 11/780 was roughly equivalent in performance to an IBM System/370 model 158–3, which was commonly accepted in the computing industry as running at 1 MIPS.

Many minicomputer performance claims were based on the Fortran version of the Whetstone benchmark, giving Millions of Whetstone Instructions Per Second (MWIPS). The VAX 11/780 with FPA (1977) runs at 1.02 MWIPS.

Effective MIPS speeds are highly dependent on the programming language used. The Whetstone Report has a table showing MWIPS speeds of PCs via early interpreters and compilers up to modern languages. The first PC compiler was for BASIC (1982) when a 4.8 MHz 8088/87 CPU obtained 0.01 MWIPS. Results on a 2.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo (1 CPU 2007) vary from 9.7 MWIPS using BASIC Interpreter, 59 MWIPS via BASIC Compiler, 347 MWIPS using 1987 Fortran, 1,534 MWIPS through HTML/Java to 2,403 MWIPS using a modern C/C++ compiler.

For the most early 8-bit and 16-bit microprocessors, performance was measured in thousand instructions per second (1000 kIPS = 1 MIPS).

zMIPS refers to the MIPS measure used internally by IBM to rate its mainframe servers (zSeries, IBM System z9, and IBM System z10).

Weighted million operations per second (WMOPS) is a similar measurement, used for audio codecs.

Timeline of instructions per second

=CPU results=

Processor / System ! data-sort-type="number" \| Dhrystone MIPS / MIPS ! data-sort-type="number" \| D instructions per clock cycle ! data-sort-type="number" \| D instructions per clock cycle per core ! data-sort-type="number" \| Year !Source
class="wikitable sortable" !Processor / System ! data-sort-type="number" \| Dhrystone MIPS or MIPS, and frequency ! data-sort-type="number" \| D instructions per clock cycle ! data-sort-type="number" \| D instructions per clock cycle per core ! data-sort-type="number" \| Year !Source
UNIVAC I	0.002 MIPS at 2.25 MHz	0.0008	0.0008	1951	{{cite book \|title=US Steel News \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2RMAQAAIAAJ \|volume=15-20 \|year=1950–1955 \|publisher=Industrial Relations Department of The United States Steel Corporation of Delaware \|page=29 }}
IBM 7030 ("Stretch") \|1.200 MIPS at 3.30 MHz \|0.364 \|0.364 \|1961 \|{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hm6LaufVKFEC&q=stretch+ibm+7030+1.2+mips&pg=PA406\|title=Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing\|last=Padua\|first=David\|date=2011-09-08\|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media\|isbn=9780387097657\|language=en}}{{Cite web\|url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/IBM/Stretch/pdfs/05-16/102632634.pdf\|title=Stretch Report\|last=Meagher\|first=R.E.\|date=May 9, 1961\|website=Computer History\|access-date=25 May 2017\|archive-date=11 April 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411220022/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/IBM/Stretch/pdfs/05-16/102632634.pdf\|url-status=live}}
CDC 6600 \|10.00 MIPS at 10.00 MHz \|1 \|1 \|1965 \|{{Cite web\|url=http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/vs-cdc-6600.html\|title=Control Data Corporation, CDC-6600 & 7600\|website=ed-thelen.org\|access-date=2017-05-25\|archive-date=3 April 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403020652/http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/vs-cdc-6600.html\|url-status=live}}{{Cite news\|url=http://www.drdobbs.com/control-data-6600-the-supercomputer-arri/184404102\|title=Control Data 6600: The Supercomputer Arrives\|work=Dr. Dobb's\|access-date=2017-05-25\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605132007/http://www.drdobbs.com/control-data-6600-the-supercomputer-arri/184404102\|archive-date=2017-06-05\|url-status=dead}}
Intel 4004	0.092 MIPS at 0.740 MHz (Not Dhrystone)	0.124	0.124	1971	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.cpushack.com/chippics/Intel/MCS4/IntelP4004.html\|title=MCS4 > IntelP4004\|website=www.cpushack.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094112/https://www.cpushack.com/chippics/Intel/MCS4/IntelP4004.html\|url-status=live}}
IBM System/370 Model 158	0.640 MIPS at 8.696 MHz	0.0736	0.0736	1972	{{cite web\|url=http://www.jcmit.com/cpu-performance.htm\|title=Cost of CPU Performance Through Time 1944-2003\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009144357/http://www.jcmit.com/cpu-performance.htm\|archive-date=2014-10-09}}
Intel 8080	0.290 MIPS at 2.000 MHz (Not Dhrystone) \|0.145	0.145	1974	{{cite web\|url=http://www.depi.itch.edu.mx/apacheco/asm/Intel_cpus.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424231244/http://www.depi.itch.edu.mx/apacheco/asm/Intel_cpus.htm \|archive-date=2012-04-24\|title=Intel Processors\|date=24 April 2012}}
Cray 1 \|160.0 MIPS at 80.00 MHz \|2 \|2 \|1975 \|{{Cite web\|url=http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Electronic/Cray.html\|title=History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Electronic computer, Cray computers of Seymour Cray\|website=history-computer.com\|access-date=2017-05-25\|archive-date=8 November 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108001252/http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Electronic/Cray.html\|url-status=dead}}
MOS Technology 6502	0.430 MIPS at 1.000 MHz	0.43	0.43	1975	{{cite web\|url=http://www.drolez.com/retro/\|title=Lud's Open Source Corner\|first=Ludovic\|last=Drolez\|access-date=16 September 2014\|archive-date=9 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309132442/https://drolez.com/retro/\|url-status=live}}
Intel 8080A	0.435 MIPS at 3.000 MHz (Not Dhrystone) \|0.145	0.145	1976
Zilog Z80	0.580 MIPS at 4.000 MHz (Not Dhrystone) \|0.145	0.145	1976
Motorola 6802	0.500 MIPS at 1.000 MHz	0.5	0.5	1977	2 cycles per instruction [http://www.andysarcade.de/data/electronics/components/6802_6808.pdf] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203173407/http://www.andysarcade.de/data/electronics/components/6802_6808.pdf\|date=3 December 2013}}
IBM System/370 Model 158-3	0.730 MIPS at 8.696 MHz	0.0839	0.0839	1977
VAX-11/780	1.000 MIPS at 5.000 MHz	0.2	0.2	1977
Motorola 6809	0.420 MIPS at 1.000 MHz	0.42	0.42	1978
Intel 8086	0.330 MIPS at 5.000 MHz	0.066	0.066	1978
Fujitsu MB8843	2.000 MIPS at 2.000 MHz (Not Dhrystone)	1	1	1978	1 instruction per cycle [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006111132/http://www.datasheetarchive.com/dlmain/Datasheets-112/DSAP0049295.pdf]
Intel 8088	0.750 MIPS at 10.00 MHz	0.075	0.075	1979	{{verification failed\|date=August 2024}}
Motorola 68000	1.400 MIPS at 8.000 MHz	0.175	0.175	1979
Zilog Z8001/Z8002	1.5 MIPS at 6 MHz	0.25	0.25	1979	4 cycles per instruction [http://maben.homeip.net/static/s100/zilog/z8000/Zilog%20Z8000%20reference%20manual.pdf#page=67] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609205112/http://maben.homeip.net/static/S100/zilog/z8000/Zilog%20Z8000%20reference%20manual.pdf\|date=2015-06-09}} = 0.25 instructions per cycle
Intel 8035/8039/8048	6 MIPS at 6 MHz (Not Dhrystone)	1	1	1980	{{cite web\|url=https://archive.org/stream/bitsavers_inteldataSngleComponent8BitMicrocomputerDataSheet1_846962/8048_8035_HMOS_Single_Component_8-Bit_Microcomputer_DataSheet_1980\|title=intel :: dataSheets :: 8048 8035 HMOS Single Component 8-Bit Microcomputer DataSheet 1980\|year=1980}}
Fujitsu MB8843/MB8844	6 MIPS at 6 MHz (Not Dhrystone)	1	1	1980
Zilog Z80/Z80H	1.16 MIPS at 8 MHz (Not Dhrystone) \|0.145	0.145	1981	{{cite web\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219195401/http://www.cityofberwyn.com/simulation/gameHardware/G80ref1.20.txt \|url=http://www.cityofberwyn.com/simulation/gameHardware/G80ref1.20.txt\|archive-date=2012-02-19\|title=Sega G80 Hardware Reference\|date=25 October 1997}}
Motorola 6802	1.79 MIPS at 3.58 MHz	0.5	0.5	1981	{{Cite web\|url=http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=735\|title=System 16 – Irem M27 Hardware (Irem)\|website=www.system16.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=5 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605123407/https://system16.com/hardware.php?id=735\|url-status=live}}
Zilog Z8001/Z8002B	2.5 MIPS at 10 MHz	0.25	0.25	1981
MOS Technology 6502	2.522 MIPS at 5.865 MHz	0.43	0.43	1981
Intel 80286	1.28 MIPS at 12 MHz	0.107	0.107	1982
Motorola 68010	2.407 MIPS at 12.5 MHz	0.193	0.193	1982	10% faster [http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/68010/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006154021/http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/68010/\|date=6 October 2014}} than 68000 (0.175 MIPS per MHz [http://www.drolez.com/retro/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309132442/https://drolez.com/retro/\|date=9 March 2020}})
NEC V20	4 MIPS at 8 MHz (Not Dhrystone)	0.5	0.5	1982	[http://www.ceibo.com/eng/datasheets/NEC-V20-V30-Users-Manual.pdf NEC V20/V30] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006135029/http://www.ceibo.com/eng/datasheets/NEC-V20-V30-Users-Manual.pdf \|date=6 October 2014 }}: "250 nanoseconds per instruction @ 8 MHz" means some fastest 2-clock register-register instructions only
Texas Instruments TMS32010	5 MIPS at 20 MHz	0.25	0.25	1983	{{cite web\|url=http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tms320ss16.pdf\|title=TMS320C1x Digital Signal Processors\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006111247/http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tms320ss16.pdf\|archive-date=2014-10-06}}
NEC V30	5 MIPS at 10 MHz (Not Dhrystone)	0.5	0.5	1983
Motorola 68020	4.848 MIPS at 16 MHz	0.303	0.303	1984	{{cite web\|url=http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68020\|title=32-Bit Microprocessor-NXP\|access-date=18 April 2013\|archive-date=1 November 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101104152/http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68020\|url-status=live}}
Hitachi HD63705	2 MIPS at 2 MHz	1	1	1985	{{cite web\|url=http://digital.hitachihyoron.com/pdf/1985/08/1985_08_05.pdf\|title=ZTAT (ZeroTurnAroundTime) Microcomputers\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006164550/http://digital.hitachihyoron.com/pdf/1985/08/1985_08_05.pdf \|archive-date=October 6, 2014}}{{cite web \|url=http://www.datasheetarchive.com/dlmain/Datasheets-13/DSA-246134.pdf \|title=HD63705V0 ... – Datasheet Search Engine Download \|website=www.datasheetarchive.com \|access-date=13 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918053051/http://www.datasheetarchive.com/dlmain/Datasheets-13/DSA-246134.pdf \|archive-date=18 September 2014 \|url-status=dead}}
Intel i386DX	2.15 MIPS at 16 MHz	0.134	0.134	1985
Hitachi-Motorola 68HC000	3.5 MIPS at 20 MHz	0.175	0.175	1985
Intel 8751	1 MIPS at 12 MHz	0.083	0.083	1985	1 instruction per cycle [http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/Intel/mXuwzsy.pdf] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826023359/http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/Intel/mXuwzsy.pdf\|date=26 August 2016}}
WDC 65C816 / Ricoh 5A22	0.22 MIPS at 2.8 MHz	0.08	0.08	1985
ARM2	4 MIPS at 8 MHz	0.5	0.5	1986	{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/acorn/microarchitectures/arm2 \|title=ARM2 – Microarchitectures – Acorn \|website=Wikichip.org \|access-date=17 October 2018 \|archive-date=12 April 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412010950/https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/acorn/microarchitectures/arm2 \|url-status=live }}
Stanford MIPS R2000 / R2000A	8 / 9.8 MIPS at 12.5 MHz	0.64 - 0.78	0.64 - 0.78	1986 / 1988	{{Cite web \|date=1988 \|title=Personal IRIS - 4D-20 One-sheet \|url=https://forums.sgi.sh/index.php?attachments/personal-iris-4d-20-one-sheet-pdf.2441/}}{{Cite web \|title=DECstation 2100 \|url=http://john.ccac.rwth-aachen.de:8000/alf/ds2100/ \|access-date=2024-08-20 \|archive-date=3 June 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603121330/http://john.ccac.rwth-aachen.de:8000/alf/ds2100/ \|url-status=bot: unknown }}
Sun SPARC / Fujitsu MB86900	10 MIPS at 16.6 MHz	0.6	0.6	1986	{{Cite book \|last=Namjoo \|first=M. \|date=October 1988 \|title=First 32-bit SPARC-based processors implemented in high-speed CMOS \|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/25726 \|website=IEEE Explore\|pages=374–376 \|doi=10.1109/ICCD.1988.25726 \|isbn=0-8186-0872-2 }}
Texas Instruments TMS34010	6 MIPS at 50 MHz	0.12	0.12	1986	{{cite web\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzoEAAAAMBAJ\|title=InfoWorld\|date=23 January 1989\|publisher=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.\|via=Google Books}}
NEC V70	6.6 MIPS at 20 MHz	0.33	0.33	1987	{{cite web\| url=http://ipsj.ixsq.nii.ac.jp/ej/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&item_id=59745&item_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=8\| title=情報学広場：情報処理学会電子図書館\| trans-title=Overview of 32-bit V-Series Microprocessor\| author1=Yasuhiko Komoto\| author2=Tatsuya Saito\| author3=Kazumasa Mine\| publisher=Advanced Products Department Microcomputer Division NEC Corporation\| access-date=17 September 2014\| archive-date=9 October 2014\| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009110356/https://ipsj.ixsq.nii.ac.jp/ej/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&item_id=59745&item_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=8\| url-status=live}}
Motorola 68030	9 MIPS at 25 MHz	0.36	0.36	1987	{{cite web\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KU7dCBpP7fsC\|title=PC Mag\|date=24 November 1987\|publisher=Ziff Davis, Inc.\|via=Google Books}}{{cite web\|url=http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68030\|title=Enhanced 32-Bit Processor-NXP\|access-date=18 April 2013\|archive-date=6 October 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006204732/http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68030\|url-status=live}}
Gmicro/200	10 MIPS at 20 MHz	0.5	0.5	1987	{{Cite web\|url=http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/tronvlsicpu.html\|title=TRON VLSI CPU Introduction\|website=tronweb.super-nova.co.jp\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=17 February 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217152616/http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/tronvlsicpu.html\|url-status=live}}
Texas Instruments TMS320C20	12.5 MIPS at 25 MHz	0.5	0.5	1987	{{cite web\|url=http://historyofracinggames.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/060-1987-drivers-eyes-1989-winning-run.pdf\|title=060 1987 Drivers Eyes + 1989 Winning Run\|work=The history of racing games\|date=June 2007\|access-date=16 September 2014\|archive-date=1 October 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001164723/http://historyofracinggames.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/060-1987-drivers-eyes-1989-winning-run.pdf\|url-status=live}}
Analog Devices ADSP-2100	12.5 MIPS at 12.5 MHz	1	1	1987	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.datasheetcatalog.com/info_redirect/datasheet/analogdevices/ADSP-2100KG.pdf.shtml\|title=Analog Devices ADSP-2100KG datasheet pdf\|website=www.datasheetcatalog.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023}}
Texas Instruments TMS320C25	25 MIPS at 50 MHz	0.5	0.5	1987
Intel i486DX	8.7 MIPS at 25 MHz	0.348	0.348	1989
NEC V80	16.5 MIPS at 33 MHz	0.5	0.5	1989
Intel i860	25 MIPS at 25 MHz	1	1	1989	{{cite web\|url=http://alacron.com/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=Inteli860_basedBusBoardsFT_200_VME&category=news\|title=Intel i860-based Bus Boards\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130625223553/http://alacron.com/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=Inteli860_basedBusBoardsFT_200_VME&category=news\|archive-date=2013-06-25}}
ARM3	12 MIPS at 25 MHz	0.5	0.5	1989	{{cite web \|url=https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/acorn/microarchitectures/arm3 \|title=ARM3 – Microarchitectures – Acorn \|website=Wikichip.org \|access-date=17 October 2018 \|archive-date=12 April 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412010955/https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/acorn/microarchitectures/arm3 \|url-status=live }}
Motorola 68040	44 MIPS at 40 MHz	1.1	1.1	1990	{{cite web\|url=http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68040\|title=(Including EC, LC, and V)-NXP\|access-date=18 December 2010\|archive-date=4 March 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304011635/http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68040\|url-status=live}}
AMD Am386	9 MIPS at 40 MHz	0.225	0.225	1991	{{cite web\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sc0wyeolS8cC\|title=Computerworld\|first=I. D. G.\|last=Enterprise\|date=25 March 1991\|publisher=IDG Enterprise\|via=Google Books}}
Intel i486DX	11.1 MIPS at 33 MHz	0.336	0.336	1991
Intel i860	50 MIPS at 50 MHz	1	1	1991
Intel i486DX2	25.6 MIPS at 66 MHz	0.388	0.388	1992
Alpha 21064 (EV4)	86 MIPS at 150 MHz	0.573	0.573	1992
Alpha 21064 (EV4S/EV45)	135 MIPS at 200 MHz	0.675	0.675	1993	[ftp://137.208.3.70/pub/lib/info/dec/alpha-infosheet.ps.Z Digital's 21064 Microprocessor, Digital Equipment Corporation]{{dead link\|date=July 2017 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }} (c1992) accessdate=2009-08-29
MIPS R4400	85 MIPS at 150 MHz	0.567	0.567	1993
Gmicro/500	132 MIPS at 66 MHz	2	2	1993	{{cite journal\|title=The Gmicro/500 Superscalar Microprocessor with Branch Buffers\|journal = IEEE Micro\|first1=Kunio\|last1=Uchiyama\|first2=Fumio\|last2=Arakawa\|first3=Susumu\|last3=Narita\|first4=Hirokazu\|last4=Aoki\|first5=Ikuya\|last5=Kawasaki\|first6=Shigezumi\|last6=Matsui\|first7=Mitsuyoshi\|last7=Yamamoto\|first8=Norio\|last8=Nakagawa\|first9=Ikuo\|last9=Kudo\|date=1 September 1993\|volume=13\|issue=5\|pages=12–22\|doi=10.1109/40.237998\|s2cid = 30178249}}
IBM-Motorola PowerPC 601	157.7 MIPS at 80 MHz	1.971	1.971	1993	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.netlib.org/performance/html/dhrystone.data.col0.html\|title=dhrystone\|website=www.netlib.org\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=23 July 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723012801/https://www.netlib.org/performance/html/dhrystone.data.col0.html\|url-status=live}}
ARM7	40 MIPS at 45 MHz	0.889	0.889	1994	{{cite web\|url=http://www.segatech.com/technical/saturnspecs/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030301001846/http://www.segatech.com/technical/saturnspecs/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2003-03-01 \|title=DCTP – Saturn Specifications}}
Intel DX4	70 MIPS at 100 MHz	0.7	0.7	1994
Motorola 68060	110 MIPS at 75 MHz	1.33	1.33	1994
Intel Pentium	188 MIPS at 100 MHz	1.88	1.88	1994	{{cite web\|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/charts/cpu-charts-2004/Sandra-CPU-Dhrystone,449.html\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205075133/http://www.tomshardware.com/charts/cpu-charts-2004/Sandra-CPU-Dhrystone,449.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=2013-02-05\|title=Charts, benchmarks CPU Charts 2004, Sandra – CPU Dhrystone}}
Microchip PIC16F	5 MIPS at 20 MHz	0.25	0.25	1995	{{Cite web\|url=http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en010230\|title=PIC16F84A – 8-bit PIC Microcontrollers\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=8 September 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908100537/http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en010230\|url-status=live}}
IBM-Motorola PowerPC 603e	188 MIPS at 133 MHz	1.414	1.414	1995	{{cite web\|url=http://www.fermimn.gov.it/inform/materiali/evarchi/motorola/603e_fs.pdf\|title=Motorola Power PC 603 E Microprocessor\|access-date=2014-09-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918010118/http://www.fermimn.gov.it/inform/materiali/evarchi/motorola/603e_fs.pdf\|archive-date=2014-09-18\|url-status=dead}}
ARM 7500FE	35.9 MIPS at 40 MHz	0.9	0.9	1996
IBM-Motorola PowerPC 603ev	423 MIPS at 300 MHz	1.41	1.41	1996
Intel Pentium Pro	541 MIPS at 200 MHz	2.7	2.7	1996	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.sisoftware.co.uk/\|title=SiSoftware – Windows, Android, GPGPU, CUDA, OpenCL, analysers, diagnostic and benchmarking apps\|date=23 April 2023\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=3 September 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903123026/https://www.sisoftware.co.uk/\|url-status=live}}
Hitachi SH-4	360 MIPS at 200 MHz	1.8	1.8	1997	{{cite web\|url=http://www.segatech.com/technical/cpu/\|title=DCTP – Hitachi's 200 MHz SH-4\|access-date=2014-09-18\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211115813/http://www.segatech.com/technical/cpu/\|archive-date=2014-12-11\|url-status=dead}}{{cite web\|url=http://www.segatech.com/archives/january1998.html \|title=DCTP – January 1998 News Archives \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305063757/http://www.segatech.com/archives/january1998.html \|archive-date=2016-03-05 }}
IBM-Motorola PowerPC 750	525 MIPS at 233 MHz	2.3	2.3	1997
Zilog eZ80	80 MIPS at 50 MHz	1.6	1.6	1999	{{cite news\|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_3751/ai_55817127 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525013958/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_3751/ai_55817127 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2012-05-25 \|work=Computergram International \|title=Zilog Sees New Lease of Life for Z80 in Internet Appliances \|year=1999 }}
Intel Pentium III	2,054 MIPS at 600 MHz	3.4	3.4	1999
Freescale MPC8272	760 MIPS at 400 MHz	1.9	1.9	2000	{{cite web\|url=http://www.freescale.com/files/netcomm/doc/fact_sheet/MPC8272FAMFS.pdf\|title=Freescale Semiconductor – MPC8272 PowerQUICC II Processor Family\|access-date=2008-05-13\|archive-date=2012-02-18\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218191405/http://www.freescale.com/files/netcomm/doc/fact_sheet/MPC8272FAMFS.pdf\|url-status=dead}}
AMD Athlon	3,561 MIPS at 1.2 GHz	3.0	3.0	2000
Silicon Recognition ZISC 78	8,600 MIPS at 33 MHz	260.6	260.6	2000	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.datasheetarchive.com/ZISC78-datasheet.html\|title=ZISC78 datasheet & application notes – Datasheet Archive\|website=www.datasheetarchive.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023}}
ARM11	515 MIPS at 412 MHz	1.25	1.25	2002	{{cite web\|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4991/arms-cortex-a7-bringing-cheaper-dualcore-more-power-efficient-highend-devices\|title=ARM's Cortex A7: Bringing Cheaper Dual-Core & More Power Efficient High-End Devices\|first=Anand Lal\|last=Shimpi\|access-date=19 October 2011\|archive-date=5 November 2012\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105142208/http://www.anandtech.com/show/4991/arms-cortex-a7-bringing-cheaper-dualcore-more-power-efficient-highend-devices\|url-status=live}}
AMD Athlon XP 2500+	7,527 MIPS at 1.83 GHz	4.1	4.1	2003
Pentium 4 Extreme Edition	9,726 MIPS at 3.2 GHz	3.0	3.0	2003
Microchip PIC10F	1 MIPS at 4 MHz	0.25	0.25	2004	{{Cite web\|url=http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en019863\|title=PIC10F200 – 8-bit PIC Microcontrollers\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=10 December 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210234721/http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en019863\|url-status=live}}{{cite web\|url=http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=2018&mcparam=en020144\|title=Microchip Redirect\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006121958/http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=2018&mcparam=en020144\|archive-date=2014-10-06}}
ARM Cortex-M3	125 MIPS at 100 MHz	1.25	1.25	2004	{{Cite web\|url=https://developer.arm.com/Processors/Cortex-M3\|title=Cortex-M3\|website=developer.arm.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=9 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609082709/https://developer.arm.com/Processors/Cortex-M3\|url-status=live}}
Nios II	190 MIPS at 165 MHz	1.13	1.13	2004	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/programmable/support-resources/fpga-documentation-index.html\|title=FPGA Documentation Index\|website=Intel\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094111/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/programmable/support-resources/fpga-documentation-index.html\|url-status=live}}
MIPS32 4KEc	356 MIPS at 233 MHz	1.5	1.5	2004	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.design-reuse.com/news/8544/mips-architecture-enabling-list-mobile-processors.html\|title=MIPS Architecture Enabling Growing List of Mobile Application Processors\|website=Design And Reuse\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094111/https://www.design-reuse.com/news/8544/mips-architecture-enabling-list-mobile-processors.html\|url-status=live}}
VIA C7	1,799 MIPS at 1.3 GHz	1.4	1.4	2005	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.mini-itx.com/reviews/pico-itx/?page=6\|title=mini-itx.com – epia px 10000 review\|website=www.mini-itx.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094110/https://www.mini-itx.com/reviews/pico-itx/?page=6\|url-status=live}}
ARM Cortex-A8	2,000 MIPS at 1.0 GHz	2.0	2.0	2005	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.arm.com/products/silicon-ip-cpu\|title=Microprocessor Cores and Processor Technology – Arm®\|first=Arm\|last=Ltd\|website=Arm \| The Architecture for the Digital World\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094113/https://www.arm.com/products/silicon-ip-cpu\|url-status=live}}
AMD Athlon FX-57	12,000 MIPS at 2.8 GHz	4.3	4.3	2005
AMD Athlon 64 3800+ X2 (2-core)	14,564 MIPS at 2.0 GHz	7.3	3.6	2005	{{cite web\|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/charts/cpu-charts-2007/Synthetic-SiSoft-Sandra-XI-CPU,333.html\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204130212/http://www.tomshardware.com/charts/cpu-charts-2007/Synthetic-SiSoft-Sandra-XI-CPU,333.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=2013-02-04\|title=Charts, benchmarks CPU Charts 2007, Synthetic SiSoft Sandra XI CPU}}
PowerPC G4 MPC7448	3,910 MIPS at 1.7 GHz	2.3	2.3	2005	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nxp.com/products/processors-and-microcontrollers/power-architecture/integrated-host-processors/risc-microprocessor:MPC7448\|title=RISC Microprocessor\|website=www.nxp.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=10 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610011705/https://www.nxp.com/products/processors-and-microcontrollers/power-architecture/integrated-host-processors/risc-microprocessor:MPC7448\|url-status=live}}
ARM Cortex-R4	450 MIPS at 270 MHz	1.66	1.66	2006	{{Cite web\|url=https://developer.arm.com/Processors/Cortex-R4\|title=Cortex-R4\|website=developer.arm.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023}}
MIPS32 24K	604 MIPS at 400 MHz	1.51	1.51	2006	{{Cite web\|url=http://www.mips.com/products/cores/32-64-bit-cores/mips32-24k/\|title=24K\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=14 May 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514104549/http://www.mips.com/products/cores/32-64-bit-cores/mips32-24k/\|url-status=dead}}
PS3 Cell BE (PPE only)	10,240 MIPS at 3.2 GHz	3.2	3.2	2006
IBM Xenon CPU (3-core)	19,200 MIPS at 3.2 GHz	6.0	2.0	2005
AMD Athlon FX-60 (2-core)	18,938 MIPS at 2.6 GHz	7.3	3.6	2006
Intel Core 2 Extreme X6800 (2-core)	27,079 MIPS at 2.93 GHz	9.2	4.6	2006
Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6700 (4-core)	49,161 MIPS at 2.66 GHz	18.4	4.6	2006	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/archive\|title=All content Archive \| June 2023\|website=Tom's Hardware\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094111/https://www.tomshardware.com/archive\|url-status=live}}
MIPS64 20Kc	1,370 MIPS at 600 MHz	2.3	2.3	2007	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.design-reuse.com/sip/provider.php\|title=Semiconductor IP Cores Companies\|website=www.design-reuse.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094112/https://www.design-reuse.com/sip/provider.php\|url-status=live}}
P.A. Semi PA6T-1682M	8,800 MIPS at 1.8 GHz	4.4	4.4	2007	{{cite web \|url=http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4069313/Startup-takes-PowerPC-to-25-W \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121231507/http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4069313/Startup-takes-PowerPC-to-25-W \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=21 January 2013 \|title=Startup takes PowerPC to 25 W \|author=Merritt, Rick \|publisher=UBM Tech \|work=EE Times \|date=5 February 2007 \|access-date=20 November 2012 }}
Qualcomm Scorpion (Cortex A8-like)	2,100 MIPS at 1 GHz	2.1	2.1	2008
Intel Atom N270	3,846 MIPS at 1.6 GHz	2.4	2.4	2008	{{Cite web\|url=http://www.ocworkbench.com/2008/ecs/ECS_945GCT-D_Atom_board/b1.htm\|title=Benchmarks of ECS 945GCT-D with Intel Atom 1.6GHz\|website=www.ocworkbench.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=5 October 2022\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005085304/http://www.ocworkbench.com/2008/ecs/ECS_945GCT-D_Atom_board/b1.htm\|url-status=live}}
Intel Core 2 Extreme QX9770 (4-core)	59,455 MIPS at 3.2 GHz	18.6	4.6	2008
Intel Core i7 920 (4-core)	82,300 MIPS at 2.93 GHz	28.089	7.022	2008	{{cite web\|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/charts/desktop-cpu-charts-2010/ALU-Performance-SiSoftware-Sandra-2010-Pro-ALU,2408.html\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204153332/http://www.tomshardware.com/charts/desktop-cpu-charts-2010/ALU-Performance-SiSoftware-Sandra-2010-Pro-ALU,2408.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=2013-02-04\|title=Charts, benchmarks Desktop CPU Charts 2010, ALU Performance: SiSoftware Sandra 2010 Pro (ALU)}}
ARM Cortex-M0	45 MIPS at 50 MHz	0.9	0.9	2009	{{Cite web\|url=https://developer.arm.com/Processors/Cortex-M0\|title=Cortex-M0\|website=developer.arm.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=11 July 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711074754/https://developer.arm.com/Processors/Cortex-M0\|url-status=live}}
ARM Cortex-A9 (2-core)	7,500 MIPS at 1.5 GHz	5.0	2.5	2009	{{cite web\|url=http://www.eeejournal.com/2009/12/arm11-vs-cortex-a8-vs-cortex-a9.html\|title=EEE Journal: ARM11 vs Cortex A8 vs Cortex A9 – Netbooks processors EEE PC, MSI Wind, HP, Acer Aspire, ARM Cortex vs Intel Atom\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719103301/http://www.eeejournal.com/2009/12/arm11-vs-cortex-a8-vs-cortex-a9.html\|archive-date=2011-07-19}}
AMD Phenom II X4 940 Black Edition	42,820 MIPS at 3.0 GHz	14.3	3.5	2009	{{cite web\|url=http://www.xtremesystems.org/forums/showpost.php?p=3579940&postcount=513\|title=The Phenom II List of Overclocks – Page 21\|access-date=2009-01-15\|archive-date=2009-04-04\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404020052/http://www.xtremesystems.org/forums/showpost.php?p=3579940&postcount=513\|url-status=dead}}
\|AMD Phenom II X6 1100T	78,440 MIPS at 3.3 GHz	23.7	3.9	2010
Intel Core i7 Extreme Edition 980X (6-core)	147,600 MIPS at 3.33 GHz	44.7	7.46	2010	{{cite web\|url=http://www.overclock3d.net/reviews/cpu_mainboard/intel_980x_gulftown/4\|title=OC3D :: Review :: Intel 980x Gulftown :: Synthetic Benchmarks\|date=12 March 2010\|access-date=16 March 2010\|archive-date=20 July 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720062355/http://www.overclock3d.net/reviews/cpu_mainboard/intel_980x_gulftown/4\|url-status=dead}}
ARM Cortex A5	1,256 MIPS at 800 MHz	1.57	1.57	2011
ARM Cortex A7	2,850 MIPS at 1.5 GHz	1.9	1.9	2011
Qualcomm Krait (Cortex A15-like, 2-core)	9,900 MIPS at 1.5 GHz	6.6	3.3	2011
AMD E-350 (2-core)	10,000 MIPS at 1.6 GHz	6.25	3.125	2011	{{cite web\|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/asrock-e350m1-amd-brazos-zacate-apu,2840-10.html\|title=Benchmark Results: Sandra 2011 – ASRock's E350M1: AMD's Brazos Platform Hits The Desktop First\|date=14 January 2011\|access-date=11 October 2011\|archive-date=6 September 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906034927/http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/asrock-e350m1-amd-brazos-zacate-apu,2840-10.html\|url-status=live}}
Nvidia Tegra 3 (Quad core Cortex-A9)	13,800 MIPS at 1.5 GHz	9.2	2.5	2011
Samsung Exynos 5250 (Cortex-A15-like 2-core)	14,000 MIPS at 2.0 GHz	7.0	3.5	2011	{{cite web\|url=http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/minisite/Exynos/news_11.html\|title=Samsung Semiconductor Global Official Website\|access-date=3 February 2013\|archive-date=11 October 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011154845/http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/minisite/Exynos/news_11.html\|url-status=live}}
Intel Core i5-2500K (4-core)	83,000 MIPS at 3.3 GHz	25.152	6.288	2011	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.guru3d.com/articles_pages/core_i5_2500k_and_core_i7_2600k_review,1.html\|title=Core i5 2500K and Core i7 2600K review\|website=Guru3D.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094114/https://www.guru3d.com/articles_pages/core_i5_2500k_and_core_i7_2600k_review,1.html\|url-status=dead}}
Intel Core i7 875K	92,100 MIPS at 2.93 GHz	31.4	7.85	2011
AMD FX-8150 (8-core)	90,749 MIPS at 3.6 GHz	25.2	3.15	2011	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.cpu-world.com/benchmarks/browse/910_80,965_61,993_80,1035_96/?c_test=6&PROCESS=Show+Selected\|title=Test: Sandra Dhrystone (MIPS) for i7-4770K, i7-3770K, FX-8350, FX-8150\|website=www.cpu-world.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094111/https://www.cpu-world.com/benchmarks/browse/910_80,965_61,993_80,1035_96/?c_test=6&PROCESS=Show+Selected\|url-status=live}}
Intel Core i7 2600K (4-core)	117,160 MIPS at 3.4 GHz	34.45	8.61	2011	{{cite web\|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/core-i7-990x-extreme-edition-gulftown,2874-6.html\|title=Benchmark Results: SiSoftware Sandra 2011 – The Intel Core i7-990X Extreme Edition Processor Review\|date=25 February 2011\|access-date=3 March 2011\|archive-date=28 February 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228174952/http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/core-i7-990x-extreme-edition-gulftown,2874-6.html\|url-status=live}}
Intel Core i7-3960X (6-core)	176,170 MIPS at 3.3 GHz	53.38	8.89	2011	{{cite web\|url=http://hardocp.com/article/2011/11/14/intel_core_i73960x_sandy_bridge_e_processor_review/4\|title=HardOCP – Synthetic Benchmarks\|access-date=2011-11-14\|archive-date=2011-11-16\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116213433/http://www.hardocp.com/article/2011/11/14/intel_core_i73960x_sandy_bridge_e_processor_review/4\|url-status=dead}}
\|AMD FX-8350 (8-core)	97,125 MIPS at 4.2 GHz	23.1	2.9	2012	{{Cite web\|url=https://versus.com/en/amd-fx-8350-black-edition-vs-intel-core-i7-4770k\|title=AMD FX-8350 Black Edition vs Intel Core i7-4770K: What is the difference?\|website=Versus\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094111/https://versus.com/en/amd-fx-8350-black-edition-vs-intel-core-i7-4770k\|url-status=live}}
\|AMD FX-9590 (8-core)	115,625 MIPS at 5.0 GHz	23.1	2.9	2012
Intel Core i7 3770K (4-core)	106,924 MIPS at 3.9 GHz	27.4	6.9	2012
Intel Core i7 4770K (4-core)	133,740 MIPS at 3.9 GHz	34.29	8.57	2013	{{Cite web\|url=https://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Core-i7-4770K-Desktop-Processor.93553.0.html\|title=Intel Core i7-4770K Desktop Processor\|website=Notebookcheck\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=29 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629094112/https://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Core-i7-4770K-Desktop-Processor.93553.0.html\|url-status=live}}
Intel Core i7 5960X (8-core)	298,190 MIPS at 3.5 GHz	85.2	10.65	2014	{{cite web\|url=http://techgage.com/print/core-i7-5960x-extreme-edition-review-intels-overdue-desktop-8-core-is-here/\|title=Core i7-5960X Extreme Edition Review: Intel's Overdue Desktop 8-Core Is Here\|date=August 29, 2014\|author=Rob Williams\|work=Techgage\|access-date=6 December 2014\|archive-date=22 December 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222225531/http://techgage.com/print/core-i7-5960x-extreme-edition-review-intels-overdue-desktop-8-core-is-here/\|url-status=live}}
Intel Core i7 6950X (10-core)	320,440 MIPS at 3.5 GHz	91.55	9.16	2016	{{cite web\|url=https://www.overclockersclub.com/reviews/intel_core_i7_extreme_edition_broadwell_e_cpu/5.htm\|title=Intel Core I7 6950X Extreme Edition Broadwell-E CPU Review\|date=May 30, 2016\|author=ccokeman\|access-date=22 March 2020\|archive-date=22 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322031017/https://www.overclockersclub.com/reviews/intel_core_i7_extreme_edition_broadwell_e_cpu/5.htm\|url-status=live}}
ARM Cortex A73 (4-core) \|71,120 MIPS at 2.8 GHz \|25.4 \|6.35 \|2016 \|
ARM Cortex A75 \|{{dunno}} \|{{dunno}} \|8.2-9.5 \|2017 \|{{cite web\|url=http://users.nik.uni-obuda.hu/sima/letoltes/Processor_families_Knowledge_Base_2019/ARM_processors_lecture_2018_12_02.pdf\|title=ARM's processor lines\|date=November 2018\|website=uni-obuda.hu\|author=Dezső Sima\|access-date=29 June 2023\|archive-date=10 May 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510175913/https://users.nik.uni-obuda.hu/sima/letoltes/Processor_families_Knowledge_Base_2019/ARM_processors_lecture_2018_12_02.pdf\|url-status=live}}
ARM Cortex A76 \|{{dunno}} \|{{dunno}} \|10.7-12.4 \|2018 \|
ARM Cortex A53 \|2,300 MIPS at 1 GHz \|2.3 \|2.3 \|2012 \|{{cite web\|url=https://elearning.unicampania.it/pluginfile.php/65623/mod_folder/content/0/ARM_organization_part2.pdf\|title=Overview of ARM's Cortex-A series\|website=elearning.unicampania.it\|access-date=29 June 2023\|archive-date=24 December 2022\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224024851/https://elearning.unicampania.it/pluginfile.php/65623/mod_folder/content/0/ARM_organization_part2.pdf\|url-status=live}}
ARM Cortex A35 \|2,100 MIPS at 1 GHz \|2.1 \|2.1 \|2015 \|
ARM Cortex A72 \|15,750 to 18,375 at 2.5 GHz \|6.3 to 7.35 \|6.3 to 7.35 \|2015 \|
ARM Cortex A57 \|10,250 to 11,750 at 2.5 GHz \|4.1 to 4.7 \|4.1 to 4.7 \|2012 \|
Sitara AM64x ARM Cortex A53 (2-core) \|5,992 MIPS at 1 GHz \|6 \|3 \|2021 \|{{cite web\|url=https://www.ti.com/lit/an/spracv1a/spracv1a.pdf\|title=Application note. Sitara™AM64x /AM243x Benchmarks\|website=ti.com\|access-date=29 June 2023\|archive-date=28 January 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128202214/https://www.ti.com/lit/an/spracv1a/spracv1a.pdf\|url-status=live}}
AMD Ryzen 7 1800X (8-core)	304,510 MIPS at 3.7 GHz	82.3	10.29	2017	{{cite web\|url=http://hothardware.com/gallery/Article/2588?image=big_ryzen-1800x-san-cpu.jpg&tag=popup\|title=AMD Ryzen 7 1800X, 1700X, And 1700 Review And Benchmarks: Zen Brings The Fight Back To Intel\|first=Marco\|last=Chiappetta\|publisher=HotHardware\|date=2017-03-02\|access-date=2017-03-05\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305194708/http://hothardware.com/gallery/Article/2588?image=big_ryzen-1800x-san-cpu.jpg&tag=popup\|archive-date=2017-03-05\|url-status=dead}}
Intel Core i7-8086K (6-core)	221,720 MIPS at 5.0 GHz	44.34	7.39	2018	{{cite web \|title=Details for Component Intel Core i7-8086K \|url=https://ranker.sisoftware.co.uk/show_device.php?q=c9a598d1bfcbaec2e2a1cebcd9f990a78ab282ba8cc7e186bb8baddfe2d2f49da091b7dfe2d7f189b485a3c6a39eae88fbc6f6&l=en \|website=SiSoftware Official Live Ranker}}
Intel Core i9-9900K (8-core)	412,090 MIPS at 4.7 GHz	87.68	10.96	2018
AMD Ryzen 9 3950X (16-core)	749,070 MIPS at 4.6 GHz	162.84	10.18	2019	{{cite web\|author1=Marco Chiappetta\|title=AMD Ryzen 9 3950X Review: A 16-Core Zen 2 Powerhouse\|url=https://hothardware.com/reviews/amd-ryzen-9-3950x-zen-2-review?page=2\|publisher=HotHardware\|date=14 November 2019\|access-date=22 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306103204/https://hothardware.com/reviews/amd-ryzen-9-3950x-zen-2-review?page=2\|archive-date=6 March 2020\|url-status=dead}}
AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3990X (64 core)	2,356,230 MIPS at 4.35 GHz	541.66	8.46	2020	{{cite web\|author1=Marco Chiappetta\|title=AMD Threadripper 3990X Review: A 64-Core Multithreaded Beast Unleashed\|url=https://hothardware.com/reviews/amd-ryzen-threadripper-3990x-cpu-review?page=3\|publisher=HotHardware\|date=7 February 2020\|access-date=22 March 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318200417/https://hothardware.com/reviews/amd-ryzen-threadripper-3990x-cpu-review?page=3\|archive-date=18 March 2020\|url-status=dead}}
Intel Core i5-11600K (6-core)	346,350 MIPS at 4.92 GHz	57.72	11.73	2021	{{cite web\|title=Intel Core i9-11900K And i5-11600K Review: Rocket Lake-S Liftoff\|first=Marco\|last=Chiappetta\|publisher=HotHardware\|date=2021-03-30\|url=https://hothardware.com/reviews/intel-core-i9-11900k-core-i5-11600k-rocket-lake-s-review?page=2\|access-date=13 June 2023\|archive-date=13 June 2023\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613001224/https://hothardware.com/reviews/intel-core-i9-11900k-core-i5-11600k-rocket-lake-s-review?page=2\|url-status=live}}

=Multi-CPU cluster results=

Processor / System ! data-sort-type="number" \| Dhrystone MIPS / MIPS ! data-sort-type="number" \| D instructions per clock cycle ! data-sort-type="number" \| D instructions per clock cycle per core ! data-sort-type="number" \| Year !Source
class="wikitable sortable" !Processor / System ! data-sort-type="number" \| Dhrystone MIPS or MIPS, and frequency ! data-sort-type="number" \| D instructions per clock cycle ! data-sort-type="number" \| D instructions per clock cycle per core ! data-sort-type="number" \| Year !Source
LINKS-1 Computer Graphics System (257-processor)	642.5 MIPS at 10 MHz	2.5	0.25	1982	LINKS-1 Computer Graphics System: 257× Zilog Z8001 [http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/other/0013.html] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507000313/http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/other/0013.html\|date=7 May 2017}} at 10 MHz [http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Z800x/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006155028/http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/Z800x/\|date=6 October 2014}} (2.5 MIPS [http://maben.homeip.net/static/s100/zilog/z8000/Zilog%20Z8000%20reference%20manual.pdf#page=67] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609205112/http://maben.homeip.net/static/S100/zilog/z8000/Zilog%20Z8000%20reference%20manual.pdf\|date=2015-06-09}}) each
Sega System 16 (4-processor)	16.33 MIPS at 10 MHz	4.083	1.020	1985	Sega System 16: Hitachi-Motorola 68000 @ 10 MHz (1.75 MIPS), NEC-Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz (0.58 MIPS) [http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=695] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421211049/http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=695\|date=21 April 2016}} [http://www.drolez.com/retro/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309132442/https://drolez.com/retro/\|date=9 March 2020}}, Intel 8751 @ 8 MHz [http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=695] (8 MIPS [http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/Intel/mXuwzsy.pdf] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826023359/http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/Intel/mXuwzsy.pdf\|date=26 August 2016}}), Intel 8048 @ 6 MHz {{cite web \|title=Sega Pre-System 16 hardware notes \|url=http://cgfm2.emuviews.com/txt/p16tech.txt \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125154636/http://cgfm2.emuviews.com/txt/p16tech.txt \|archive-date=2016-01-25 \|access-date=2016-08-08}} (6 MIPS [https://archive.org/stream/bitsavers_inteldataSngleComponent8BitMicrocomputerDataSheet1_846962/8048_8035_HMOS_Single_Component_8-Bit_Microcomputer_DataSheet_1980])
Namco System 21 (10-processor)	73.927 MIPS at 25 MHz	2.957	0.296	1988	Namco System 21 hardware: 5× Texas Instruments TMS320C20 @ 25 MHz (62.5 MIPS [http://historyofracinggames.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/060-1987-drivers-eyes-1989-winning-run.pdf] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001164723/http://historyofracinggames.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/060-1987-drivers-eyes-1989-winning-run.pdf\|date=1 October 2014}}), 2× Motorola 68000 @ 12.288 MHz [http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=536] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518005344/http://system16.com/hardware.php?id=536\|date=18 May 2015}} (4.301 MIPS [http://www.drolez.com/retro/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309132442/https://drolez.com/retro/\|date=9 March 2020}}), Motorola 68020 [http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=536] @ 12.5 MHz (3.788 MIPS [http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68020] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101104152/http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68020\|date=1 November 2012}}), Hitachi HD63705 @ 2.048 MHz [https://archive.today/20141121115057/https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/namcos21.c] (2.048 MIPS [https://web.archive.org/web/20140918053051/http://www.datasheetarchive.com/dlmain/Datasheets-13/DSA-246134.pdf]), Motorola 6809 @ 3.072 MHz [https://archive.today/20141121115057/https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/namcos21.c] (1.29 MIPS [http://www.drolez.com/retro/] )
Atari Hard Drivin' (7-processor)	33.573 MIPS at 50 MHz	0.671	0.0959	1989	Atari Hard Drivin' hardware: [http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=770] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929015919/http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=770\|date=29 September 2014}} Motorola 68000 @ 7 MHz (1.225 MIPS [http://www.drolez.com/retro/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309132442/https://drolez.com/retro/\|date=9 March 2020}}), Motorola 68010 @ 7 MHz (1.348 MIPS [http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/68010/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006154021/http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/68010/\|date=6 October 2014}}), 3× Texas Instruments TMS34010 @ 50 MHz (18 MIPS [https://books.google.com/books?id=KzoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT22]), Analog Devices ADSP-2100 @ 8 MHz (8 MIPS [http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/analogdevices/ADSP-2100KG.pdf]), Texas Instruments TMS32010 @ 20 MHz (5 MIPS {{cite web \|title=TMS320C1x Digital Signal Processors \|url=http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tms320ss16.pdf \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006111247/http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tms320ss16.pdf \|archive-date=2014-10-06 \|access-date=2014-09-17}})
NEC SX-3 (4-processor)	680 MIPS at 400 MHz	1.7	0.425	1989	{{cite journal\|url=http://www.degruyter.com/dg/viewarticle/j$002fpiko.1990.13.issue-4$002fpiko.1990.13.4.205$002fpiko.1990.13.4.205.xml;jsessionid=2928071D864D5E4F9045C8A209E7AA94\|title=Supercomputer\|journal=Pik – Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation\|volume=13\|issue=4\|doi=10.1515/piko.1990.13.4.205\|year=1990\|access-date=2014-09-29\|archive-date=2014-11-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109011953/http://www.degruyter.com/dg/viewarticle/j$002fpiko.1990.13.issue-4$002fpiko.1990.13.4.205$002fpiko.1990.13.4.205.xml;jsessionid=2928071D864D5E4F9045C8A209E7AA94\|url-status=dead}}
Namco System 21 (Galaxian³) (96-processor)	1,660.386 MIPS at 40 MHz	41.51	0.432	1990	Namco System 21 (Galaxian³) hardware: [https://archive.today/20141121115053/https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/gal3.c] 80× Texas Instruments TMS320C25 @ 40 MHz (1600 MIPS [http://historyofracinggames.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/060-1987-drivers-eyes-1989-winning-run.pdf] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001164723/http://historyofracinggames.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/060-1987-drivers-eyes-1989-winning-run.pdf\|date=1 October 2014}}), 5× Motorola 68020 @ 24.576 MHz (37.236 MIPS [http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68020] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101104152/http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MC68020\|date=1 November 2012}}) Motorola 68000 @ 12.288 MHz (2.15 MIPS [http://www.drolez.com/retro/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309132442/https://drolez.com/retro/\|date=9 March 2020}}), 10× Motorola 68000 @ 12 MHz (21 MIPS [http://www.drolez.com/retro/] )
SGI Onyx RealityEngine² (36-processor)	2,640 MIPS at 150 MHz	17.6	0.489	1993	24× MIPS R4400 (2040 MIPS), [http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=832] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912000953/http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=832\|date=12 September 2014}} 12× Intel i860 (600 MIPS) {{cite web \|title=Intel i860-based Bus Boards \|url=http://alacron.com/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=Inteli860_basedBusBoardsFT_200_VME&category=news \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130625223553/http://alacron.com/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=Inteli860_basedBusBoardsFT_200_VME&category=news \|archive-date=2013-06-25 \|access-date=2014-09-17}}
Namco Magic Edge Hornet Simulator (36-processor)	2,880 MIPS at 150 MHz	19.2	0.533	1993	{{Cite web\|url=http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=832\|title=System 16 - Namco Magic Edge Hornet Simulator Hardware (Namco)\|website=www.system16.com\|accessdate=29 June 2023\|archive-date=12 September 2014\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912000953/http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=832\|url-status=live}}
Sega Naomi Multiboard (32-processor)	6,400 MIPS at 200 MHz	32	1	1999	Sega Naomi Multiboard hardware: [http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=906] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192948/http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=906\|date=3 March 2016}} [http://segatech.com/arcade/naomi1/index.html] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082352/http://segatech.com/arcade/naomi1/index.html\|date=2014-10-06}} 16× Hitachi SH-4 at 200 MHz (5760 MIPS [http://www.segatech.com/technical/cpu/] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211115813/http://www.segatech.com/technical/cpu/\|date=2014-12-11}}), 16× ARM7 at 45 MHz (640 MIPS [https://web.archive.org/web/20030301001846/http://www.segatech.com/technical/saturnspecs/])
Raspberry Pi 2 (quad-core ARM Cortex A7)	4,744 MIPS at 1.0 GHz	4.744	1.186	2014	{{cite web\|url=http://hackaday.com/2015/02/05/benchmarking-the-raspberry-pi-2/\|title=Benchmarking The Raspberry Pi 2\|last=By\|publisher=hackaday.com\|date=2015-02-05\|access-date=1 May 2015\|archive-date=11 May 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511003205/http://hackaday.com/2015/02/05/benchmarking-the-raspberry-pi-2/\|url-status=live}}

References

Category:Computer performance

Category:Units of frequency