shoreditch

Early spellings of the name include Soredich ({{Circa|1148}}), Soresdic (1183–4), Sordig (1204), Schoresdich (1220–21), and other variants.{{cite book |editor-first=James |editor-last=Bird |chapter=Historical introduction: General |title=Survey of London: Volume 8, Shoreditch |location=London |publisher=London County Council |year=1922 |pages=1–5 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol8/pp1-5 |access-date=17 June 2019 }}{{cite book |first1=J. E. B. |last1=Gover |first2=Allen |last2=Mawer |first3=F. M. |last3=Stenton |author3-link=Frank Stenton |title=The Place-Names of Middlesex apart from the City of London |series=English Place-Name Society |volume=18 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1942 |pages=145–46 }} Toponymists are generally agreed that the name derives from Old English "scoradīc", i.e. "shore-ditch", the shore being a riverbank or prominent slope;{{cite web |url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Greater%20London/Shoreditch |title=Key to English Place-names |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107201319/http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Greater%20London/Shoreditch |archive-date=7 January 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} but there is disagreement as to the identity of the "shore" in question. A suggestion made by Eilert Ekwall in 1936 that the "ditch" might have been one leading to the "shore" of the Thames continues to enjoy widespread currency.{{cite book |first=Eilert |last=Ekwall |author-link=Eilert Ekwall |title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1936 |page=399}}{{cite book |editor-first=Victor |editor-last=Watts |editor-link=Victor Watts |title=The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780521362092 |page=547 }}Mander 1996, p. 13. Other scholars, however, have challenged this interpretation on the grounds that the City of London lies between Shoreditch and the Thames.{{cite book |first=John |last=Field |title=Place-Names of Greater London |location=London |publisher=Batsford |year=1980 |isbn=0713425385 |page=85 }} A variant spelling used by John Stow in 1598, Sewers Ditche, raises the possibility that the name might originally have referred to a drain or watercourse.{{cite book |first=John |last=Stow |author-link=John Stow |title=A Survay of London |location=London |year=1598 |pages=349–50 }}{{cite book |first=John |last=Stow |author-link=John Stow |editor-first=Charles Lethbridge |editor-last=Kingsford |editor-link=Charles Lethbridge Kingsford |title=A Survey of London |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1908 |orig-year=1603 |volume=2 |pages=73–75 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/survey-of-london-stow/1603/pp69-91 }} Certainly the area was once boggy, and the name might bear some relation to the main branch of the Walbrook, which rose in Hoxton, ran along what is now Curtain Road, flowing past the former Curtain Theatre. The river was known in this area as the Deepditch,BHO covers Moorfields and surrounding area https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol8/pp88-90 Flood Ditch or just The Ditch.

Folk etymology holds that the place was originally named "Shore's Ditch", after Jane Shore, the mistress of Edward IV, who is supposed to have died or been buried in a ditch in the area. This legend is commemorated today by a large painting, at Haggerston Branch Library, of the body of Shore being retrieved from the ditch, and by a design on glazed tiles in a shop in Shoreditch High Street showing her meeting Edward IV.Clunn, H. P. (1970) The Face of London. Spring Books: London. pp. 312, 493 However, the area was known as Shoreditch long before Jane Shore lived: the Survey of London, for example, lists some 26 deeds dating from between {{Circa|1148}} and 1260 which use some version of the name.

In another theory, also now discredited, antiquarian John Weever claimed that the name was derived from Sir John de Soerdich, who was lord of the manor during the reign of Edward III (1327{{ndash}}77).{{cite book|first=John|last=Timbs|author-link=John Timbs|title=Curiosities of London: Exhibiting the Most Rare and Remarkable Objects of Interest in the Metropolis |url=https://archive.org/stream/curiositiesoflon00timbrich#page/729/mode/1up |year=1855|publisher=D. Bogue|page=729}}

{{maplink|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch}}|frame=yes|text=The Parish and Borough of Shoreditch|frame-align=right|frame-width=250|frame-height=245}}

File:Shoreditch church.jpg

Though now part of Inner London, Shoreditch was previously an extramural suburb of the City of London, centred on Shoreditch Church at the old crossroads where Shoreditch High Street and Kingsland Road are crossed by Old Street and Hackney Road.

Shoreditch High Street and Kingsland Road are a small sector of the Roman Ermine Street and modern A10. Known also as the Old North Road, it was a major coaching route to the north, exiting the City at Bishopsgate. The east–west course of Old Street–Hackney Road was also probably originally a Roman Road, connecting Silchester with Colchester, bypassing the City of London to the south.Sugden n.d.

Shoreditch Church (officially known as St Leonard's, Shoreditch) is of ancient origin. It is featured in the famous line "when I grow rich say the bells of Shoreditch", from the English nursery rhyme "Oranges and Lemons".

Shoreditch was the site of a house of canonesses, the Augustinian Holywell Priory (named after a Holy Well on the site), from the 12th century until its dissolution in 1539. This priory was located between Shoreditch High Street and Curtain Road to east and west, and Batemans Row and Holywell Lane to north and south. Nothing remains of it today.Wood 2003.

File:St Leonards Memorial.JPG]]

In 1574, the City authorities banned the building of playhouses in the City of London area. Consequently, theatres were built in the suburbs, beyond its jurisdiction.{{cite book |editor-first=Hugh |editor-last=Clout |title=The Times History of London |location=London |publisher=Times Books |year=1999 |isbn=9780723010302 |page=146 }}

The first of these came in 1576, when James Burbage built the first playhouse in England, known as "The Theatre", on the site of the Priory (commemorated today by a plaque on Curtain Road, and excavated in 2008, by MoLAS).[https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2008/aug/07/shakespeare.shoreditch Shakespeare's Shoreditch theatre unearthed] Maev Kennedy, The Guardian, Thursday, 7 August 2008

William Shakespeare lived nearby in a property overlooking St Helen's churchyard in the Bishopsgate Within area of the City. His early plays were first performed in Shoreditch, at The Theatre and at the nearby Curtain Theatre, built the following year{{cite web|url=http://madeinshoreditch.co.uk/2014/09/15/the-shoreditch-you-never-knew/|title=The Shoreditch You Never Knew – Made in Shoreditch Magazine|date=15 September 2014}} and {{convert|200|yd|m|0}} to the south (marked by a commemorative plaque in Hewett Street off Curtain Road). Romeo and Juliet was first performed here, gaining "Curtain plaudits", Henry V was performed within "this wooden O" and an early version of Hamlet was also first staged in Shoreditch.{{cite web|url=http://spitalfieldslife.com/2016/04/22/at-shakespeares-theatre-in-shoreditch/|title=At Shakespeare's Theatre In Shoreditch – Spitalfields Life|website=spitalfieldslife.com|access-date=13 June 2019}}

Shakespeare's Company moved the timbers of "The Theatre" to Southwark at the expiration of the lease in 1599, in order to construct the Globe. The Curtain continued performing plays in Shoreditch until at least 1627.Shapiro 2005.

The suburb of Shoreditch was attractive as a location for these early theatres because, like Southwark, it was outside the jurisdiction of the somewhat puritanical City fathers. Even so, they drew the wrath of contemporary moralists, as did the local "base tenements and houses of unlawful and disorderly resort" and the "great number of dissolute, loose, and insolent people harboured in such and the like noisome and disorderly houses, as namely poor cottages, and habitations of beggars and people without trade, stables, inns, alehouses, taverns, garden-houses converted to dwellings, ordinaries, dicing houses, bowling alleys, and brothel houses".Middlesex Justices in 1596; cited in Schoenbaum 1987, p. 126.

During the 17th century, wealthy traders and French Huguenot silkweavers moved to the area, establishing a textile industry centred to the south around Spitalfields. By the 19th century, Shoreditch was also the locus of the furniture industry,{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/3343890/Roving-eye-Shoreditch.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/3343890/Roving-eye-Shoreditch.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Roving eye: Shoreditch|first=Naomi|last=Cleaver|date=5 August 2005|work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}} now commemorated in the Museum of the Home on Kingsland Road. These industries declined in the late 19th century.

In 1886, the parish of Holy Trinity, Shoreditch, was created to meet the needs of a growing population; the first vicar was the Anglo-Catholic priest, Arthur Osborne Montgomery Jay, son of William James Jay, chaplain to Duleep Singh. By 1889, Holy Trinity church, with a church hall and school, had opened on Old Nichol Street.{{cite web |title=Bethnal Green: List of Churches Pages 217-226 A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11, Stepney, Bethnal Green. |url=https://archive.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol11/pp217-226 |website=British History Online |publisher=Victoria County History, 1998 |access-date=2 January 2025}} Controversially, the church hosted a boxing club and gymnasium, which Father Jay saw as vital to reclaiming local men from street brawls.{{cite web |title=Inside the skin of a slum |url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2008/4-july/news/uk/inside-the-skin-of-a-slum |website=Church Times |access-date=2 January 2025}} In 1894, the church opened a lodging house, Trinity Chambers.

In 1893, work began on building the Boundary Estate, as a slum clearance project.

File:1867 NationalStandardTheatre.jpg

File:HettyKingDark.jpg sheet music, expressing a concern of modern residents]]

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Shoreditch was a centre of entertainment to rival the West End and had many theatres and music halls:

• The National Standard Theatre, 2/3/4 Shoreditch High Street (1837–1940). In the late 19th century this was one of the largest theatres in London. In 1926, it was converted into a cinema called The New Olympia Picturedrome. The building was demolished in 1940. Sims Reeves, Mrs Marriott and James Anderson all appeared here; also performed were programmes of classical opera and even Shakespeare, with actors including Henry Irving. There was considerable rivalry with the West End theatres. John Douglass (the owner, from 1845) wrote a letter to The Era following a Drury Lane first night, in which he commented that "seeing that a hansom cab is used in the new drama at Drury Lane, I beg to state that a hansom cab, drawn by a live horse was used in my drama ... produced at the Standard Theatre ... with real rain, a real flood, and a real balloon."{{cite web|title=Shoreditch Theatres and Halls|url=http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/Shoreditch.htm|website=Arthur Lloyd|access-date=4 November 2016}}
• The Shoreditch Empire, also known as The London Music Hall, 95–99 Shoreditch High Street (1856–1935). The theatre was rebuilt in 1894 by Frank Matcham, the architect of the Hackney Empire. Charlie Chaplin is recorded as performing here, in his early days, before he achieved fame in America.{{cite web|title=Shoreditch Empire|url=http://www.overthefootlights.co.uk/20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019221738/http://www.overthefootlights.co.uk/20.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-19 |url-status=live|website=Over the Footlights|access-date=4 November 2016}} Purchased in 1934 by adjacent drapery business Jeremiah Rotherham & Co and rebuilt as a warehouse.[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31661163/london_music_hall_purchase_by_jeremiah/ Satisfactory turnover] The Guardian, London, 28 Feb 1935, p. 14
• The Royal Cambridge Music Hall, 136 Commercial Street (1864–1936), was destroyed by fire in 1896, then rebuilt in 1897 by Finch Hill, architect of the Britannia Theatre, in nearby Hoxton. The Builder of 4 December 1897 said "The New Cambridge Music Hall in Commercial Street, Bishopsgate, is now nearing completion. The stage will be {{convert|41|ft|m|1|disp=sqbr}} wide by {{convert|30|ft|m|1|disp=sqbr}} deep. The premises will be heated throughout by hot water coils, and provision has been made for lighting the house by electric light."

None of these places of entertainment survives today. Music hall was revived for a brief time in Curtain Road by the temporary home of the Brick Lane Music Hall.{{cite web|url=http://www.bricklanemusichall.co.uk|title=Brick Lane Music Hall}} This too has now moved on.

A number of playbills and posters from these music halls survive in the collections of both the Bishopsgate Institute and the Victoria and Albert Museum.

{{See also|20th (Service) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment (Shoreditch)}}

In the First World War, the Mayor, Henry Busby Bird, and Borough of Shoreditch raised a pals battalion of volunteers from around the borough who would serve together as the 20th (Service) Battalion, Middlesex Regiment (Shoreditch). The battalion was also known as the 'Boxers' Battalion' (the parent Middlesex Regiment was nicknamed the 'Die-hards'). The volunteers were enlisted at Shoreditch Town Hall and trained at Victoria Park and Columbia Market. The unit served on the Western Front from 1916 to 1918 as part of 121st Brigade of 40th Division, seeing action against the Hindenburg Line and at Bourlon Wood. After the huge casualties it suffered during the German spring offensive of March–April 1918, the battalion returned to England to be reconstituted from men of lower medical category. It then went back to Flanders as part of 14th (Light) Division, and served during the final victorious advance.[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7354301 20th Middlesex War Diary, 1 June 1916–31 May 1918, The National Archives (TNA), Kew, file WO 95/2615/4.][http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/regiments-and-corps/the-british-infantry-regiments-of-1914-1918/the-duke-of-cambridges-own-middlesex-regiment/ Middlesex Regiment at the Long, Long Trail.][https://queensregimentalassociation.org/journals-and-newsletters/middlesex-journals/pdfs/volume-5/vol-5-2.pdf Colonel Burnand obituary, The Die-Hards, Vol V, No 2, November 1934, p. 128.][https://abneypark.org/grave-stories-blog/sir-henry-busby-bird Sir Henry Busby Bird at Abney Park Trust.] The battalion's memorial is in St Leonard's Church in Shoreditch High Street.[https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/53140 Imperial War Museum, War Memorial Register, Ref 53140.]

Syd's coffee stall was established in Calvert Avenue in 1919 and operated continuously until 2019.{{cite news |title=New life brewed for 100-year-old coffee stall |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-50833893 |access-date=6 January 2020 |work=BBC News |date=19 December 2019}}

In the 1930s, Shoreditch, Holy Trinity parish united with that of St Leonard.{{cite web | url=https://search.lma.gov.uk/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/LMA_OPAC/web_detail/REFD+P72~2FTRI?SESSIONSEARCH | title=HOLY TRINITY, BETHNAL GREEN: OLD NICHOL STREET, TOWER HAMLETS | London Metropolitan Archives }}{{cite web |title=Bethnal Green: List of Churches Pages 217-226 A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 11, Stepney, Bethnal Green. |url=https://archive.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol11/pp217-226 |website=British History Online |publisher=Victoria County History, 1998 |access-date=2 January 2025}}

Shoreditch was heavily bombed during the Second World War, with around 495 of its civilian residents killed.Commonwealth war graves site https://www.cwgc.org/visit-us/find-cemeteries-memorials/cemetery-details/4004488/SHOREDITCH,%20METROPOLITAN%20BOROUGH/

The area was hit by at least 279 high explosive bombs, 6 parachute mines 7 V-1 'doodlebugs', 2 V-2 rockets and many thousands of 1 kg incendiary devices.Detailed Unexploded Ordnance Risk Assessment, by 1st Line Defence, to support the Shoreditch Village planning application The destruction of housing and industry caused by the two V-2s contributed to the opportunity to create Shoreditch Park and Haggerston Park.{{cite web |title=Shoreditch Park Management Plan 2011{{ndash}}2016 |url=http://www.hackney.gov.uk/media/4361/management-plan/pdf/shoreditch-park-management-plan2 |website=www.hackney.gov.uk |access-date=1 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227132823/http://www.hackney.gov.uk/media/4361/management-plan/pdf/shoreditch-park-management-plan2 |archive-date=Dec 27, 2016 |language=en |date=29 Jan 2015}}{{cite web | title=Haggerston Park | website=Hackney Council | date=24 January 2024 | url=https://hackney.gov.uk/haggerston-park/ | access-date=1 June 2024}}

Post-war, Shoreditch declined in conditions, as did both textile and furniture industries with competition elsewhere. This situation was exacerbated by the extensive devastation of the housing stock in the Blitz during the Second World War, and by insensitive redevelopment in the post-war period.{{cn|date=June 2023}}

A south-west to north-east tube line called the Chelsea-Hackney line was proposed in 1970 by the then London Transport Board's London Rail Study as the next project after the completion of the Victoria line and the Fleet line (now the Jubilee line) but was not carried forward, it would have had a new tube station near Shoreditch Church if it was built.{{Cite news|work=The Times |location=UK |title=London Transport plans third new Tube Line|date=2 January 1970}}

File:Guardiancoffee-boxpark.jpg

Formerly a predominantly working-class area, since the 1990s Shoreditch has become a popular and fashionable part of London, particularly associated with the creative industries. Often conflated with its neighbouring sub-district of Hoxton, the area has been subject to considerable gentrification, with accompanying rises in land and property prices.{{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Libby |title=Whose urban renaissance? an international comparison of urban regeneration strategies |date=2009 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=9780203884539 |pages=157–166 }}{{cite web | last=Carty | first=Peter | title=How the Young British Artists drove gentrification in Hoxton and Shoreditch | website=Evening Standard | date=19 March 2024 | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/homesandproperty/property-news/young-british-artists-gentrification-hoxton-shoreditch-b1146265.html | access-date=1 June 2024}}

Former industrial buildings have been converted to offices and flats, while Curtain Road and Old Street are notable for their clubs and pubs which offer a variety of venues to rival those of the West End. Art galleries, bars, restaurants, media businesses and the building of the Hackney Community College campus are features of this transformation.{{cn|date=June 2023}}

In the mid-1960s, the main streets of Shoreditch (Old Street, Shoreditch High Street and Curtain Road, Great Eastern Street) were formed into a {{convert|1|mi|km|round=0.5|abbr=off|adj=mid|-long|spell=in}} one-way system, which became associated with traffic congestion, poor conditions for walking and cycling, high speeds, high collision rates, and delays for bus services. The gyratory system came to be seen as "the main factor holding back the cultural regeneration of South Shoreditch"Teo Greenstraat of The Circus Space, quoted in More Light, More Power, No. 6, Autumn 2000. and "a block to economic recovery".Michael Pyner of Shoreditch New Deal Trust, quoted in More Light, More Power, No. 6, Autumn 2000. Following a lengthy campaign,[http://www.hackney-cyclists.org.uk/shoreditch.htm The long road back to a two-way Shoreditch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727072432/http://www.hackney-cyclists.org.uk/shoreditch.htm |date=27 July 2011 }} Hackney Cyclists, 2002. the then newly formed Transport for London agreed to revert most of the streets to two-way working, a project which was completed in late 2002.

File:Shoreditch High Street stn entrance2 April2010.jpg, built as part of the East London Line extension.]]

In 2005, funding was announced for the East London Line Extension, to extend the existing tube line from Whitechapel tube station bypassing Shoreditch tube station, and to create a new station named Shoreditch High Street closer to central Shoreditch. This is now served by London Overground services on part of the site of the old Bishopsgate Goods Yard, which was demolished in 2004.{{cite press release|title=New era of rail travel as London Overground's east London route opens to the public |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/15358.aspx|access-date=27 May 2010 |publisher=Transport for London |date=27 April 2010 }}{{cite news |title= Full service begins on newly extended East London Line |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8699262.stm|access-date=27 May 2010 |work=BBC News Online |location=London|date=23 May 2010}}

The station was built on a viaduct and is fully enclosed in a concrete box structure. This is so future building works on the remainder of the Bishopsgate site can be undertaken keeping the station operational.

Tower Hamlets Council made proposals to transfer the Boundary Estate to a housing association and upgrade the accommodation in 2006. A full refurbishment of one of the blocks, Iffley House was carried out by Sprunt Architects to demonstrate how this might be achieved but the proposal was rejected by a ballot of tenants in November of that year.[http://society.guardian.co.uk/offdiary/story/0,,1801852,00.html Battle of the Boundary], The Guardian, 21 June 2006.

More recently, during the second "dot-com" boom, both the area and Old Street have become popular with London-based web technology companies who base their head offices around the East London Tech City district. These include Last.fm, Dopplr, Songkick, SocialGO and 7digital. These companies have tended to gravitate towards Old Street Roundabout, giving rise to the term "Silicon Roundabout" to describe the area, as used by Prime Minister David Cameron in a speech in November 2010.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2010-11/04/david-cameron-silicon-roundabout|title=Transcript: David Cameron sets out Britain's hi-tech future|author=Duncan Geere|magazine=Wired|access-date=9 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323164624/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2010-11/04/david-cameron-silicon-roundabout|archive-date=23 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}

As a result, the name of Shoreditch has become synonymous with the concept of contemporary "hipsterfication" of regenerated urban areas. As a pioneer among similar transformations across the UK, various phrases have been coined, from "Shoreditchification" to "Very Shoreditch".{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/10561607/Why-this-Shoreditchification-of-London-must-stop.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/10561607/Why-this-Shoreditchification-of-London-must-stop.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Why this 'Shoreditchification' of London must stop|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=9 November 2015 |last1=Proud |first1=Alex }}{{cbignore}}

In 2014, the Boundary Estate and the nearby area came under the East Shoreditch Neighbourhood Forum. Forum status ceased to have effect on 5 February 2019 but the Neighbourhood Area designation is unaffected by the expiry.{{cite web|url=https://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgnl/planning_and_building_control/planning_policy_guidance/neighbourhood_planning/East_Shoreditch.aspx |title=East Shoreditch |publisher=Towerhamlets.gov.uk |access-date=2020-05-03}}

The Stag's Head public house was Grade II listed in 2015 by Historic England.{{NHLE|desc=The Stag's Head public house, Hoxton|num=1427212|access-date=30 August 2015}}

File:SouthShoreditch.JPG

South Shoreditch has undergone an enormous transformation. Several five- or six-storey buildings have been knocked down in the area of Shoreditch that borders the City of London. In their place will be erected a variety of very tall buildings, mirroring the architectural styles in the City.{{cite web|title = Three More Shoreditch Skyscraper Proposals|url = http://londonist.com/2015/06/hipsterheights|website = Londonist| date=16 June 2015 |access-date = 11 December 2015}} The developments will result in more residential units being available for sale in Shoreditch than were produced by the Olympics athletes' village.

One landmark development is the Principal Tower in Worship Street, designed by the architects Foster and Partners,Principal Tower, Worship Street, London EC2A 2BA: [http://www.buildington.co.uk/new_developments/london_ec2/worship_street/principal_tower/id/4314 New Developments - Principal Tower, Worship Street, London EC2A 2BA], accessdate: 29/08/2014 and next to it is Principal Place, also designed by Foster and Partners. In July 2014, it was reported that the internet retailer Amazon.com was close to signing a lease to move its UK headquarters there. The project had been on hold since January 2012, when the anchor tenant, the law firm CMS Cameron McKenna pulled out. Soon after, the developer Hammerson sold its interest in the scheme to Brookfield.Building: [http://www.building.co.uk/amazon-interest-could-revive-principal-place-tower/5069898.article Amazon interest could revive Principal Place tower | Online News | Building], accessdate: 29/08/2014

There has been some consideration of creating an interchange with the Central line between Liverpool Street and Bethnal Green at Shoreditch High Street, where the line runs almost underneath the station. However, this could not be seriously contemplated before the completion of the Crossrail project, owing to extreme crowding on the Central line during peak hours.{{cite web|url=https://brockleycentral.blogspot.com/2014/12/central-line-interchange-for-ell-could.html|title=Central Line interchange for ELL could come as part of new Shoreditch terminus|website=brockleycentral.Blogspot.com|access-date=13 June 2019}}{{cite web|last1=Hawkins|first1=John|title=Meeting Reports: The East London Line Extension|url=http://lurs.org.uk/documents/pdf09/sept/meeting_reports.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916003307/http://lurs.org.uk/documents/pdf09/sept/meeting_reports.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-16 |url-status=live|website=London Underground Railway Society}}

London Overground began running 24-hour trains on Friday and Saturday nights between Dalston Junction and New Cross Gate which called at Shoreditch High Street from 15 December 2017.{{cite news|last1=Busby|first1=Mattha|title=London Overground goes 24-hour, joining night tube|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/dec/15/london-overground-goes-24-hour-joining-night-tube|access-date=29 December 2017|work=The Guardian|date=15 December 2017}} but bypasses Whitechapel and continues on to Shadwell due to ongoing Crossrail construction work for (Elizabeth line) until 2019.{{cite press release |title= London Overground to run a 24-hour service just like the Night Tube|url= http://metro.co.uk/2017/07/03/london-overground-to-run-a-24-hour-service-just-like-the-night-tube-6751064/|access-date=4 June 2017 |publisher= Metro|date=3 June 2017}}

Two Huguenot workers' houses on Club Row on the corner of Redchurch Street, which developers had wished to knock down, were saved from demolition. They were deemed of special historic interest, giving the houses protection from destruction from 2019.{{cite web|url=https://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/news/heritage/historic-england-list-two-homes-in-bethnal-green-1-6104101|title=Pair of 18th century Huguenot silk workers houses are saved from demolition|first=Rachael|last=Burford|website=East London Advertiser}}

File:1755 Stow Shoreditch.jpg

Shoreditch covers a wide area, but its historic heart lies south of Old Street, around Shoreditch High Street and Shoreditch Church. The districts of Hoxton and Haggerston have been historically part of Shoreditch since the medieval period and occupy the north-west and north-east of Shoreditch respectively; however, their extent has never been formally defined.

Although Shoreditch has been consistently defined, perceptions have blurred in recent years; something that became possible after the Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch amalgamated with some of its neighbours to become the southern part of the London Borough of Hackney in 1965.

The location of the former Shoreditch tube station (closed 2006), 400 metres outside Shoreditch proper, in nearby Bethnal Green, Tower Hamlets, influenced this shift. Its replacement, Shoreditch High Street station, straddles the borough boundary.

More significant has been the gentrification of the Shoreditch area since the millennium, leading to a marked increase in the area's prestige, which has led businesses in the Bethnal Green and Spitalfields areas of Tower Hamlets to include the name Shoreditch in their company's name and marketing material. This is also seen to a lesser extent in the St Luke's area of the London Borough of Islington.

File:Shoreditch Met. B Ward Map 1916.svg

Shoreditch was an administrative unit with consistent boundaries from the Middle Ages until its merger into the London Borough of Hackney in 1965. Shoreditch was based for many centuries on the Ancient Parish of Shoreditch (St Leonard's), part of the county of Middlesex.

Parishes in Middlesex were grouped into Hundreds, with Shoreditch part of Ossulstone Hundred. Rapid Population growth around London saw the Hundred split into several 'Divisions' during the 1600s, with Shoreditch part of the Tower Division (aka Tower Hamlets). The Tower Division was noteworthy in that the men of the area owed military service to the Tower of London – and had done even before the creation of the DivisionThe London Encyclopaedia, 4th Edition, 1983, Weinreb and Hibbert – an arrangement which continued until 1899.

The Ancient Parishes provided a framework for both civil (administrative) and ecclesiastical (church) functions, but during the nineteenth century there was a divergence into distinct civil and ecclesiastical parish systems. In London the Ecclesiastical Parishes sub-divided to better serve the needs of a growing population, while the Civil Parishes continued to be based on the same Ancient Parish areas.

For civil purposes, the Metropolis Management Act 1855 turned the parish area into a new Shoreditch District of the Metropolis, with the same boundaries as the parish. The London Government Act 1899 converted these areas into Metropolitan Boroughs, again based on the same boundaries, sometimes with minor rationalisations. The Borough's areas of modern Shoreditch, Hoxton and Haggerston were administered from Shoreditch Town Hall, which can still be seen on Old Street. It has been restored and is now run by the Shoreditch Town Hall Trust.

Holy Trinity, Shoreditch in the Old Nichol was for ecclesiastical purposes in Shoreditch from 1866 but was administratively part of Bethnal Green.{{cite web | url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2008/4-july/news/uk/inside-the-skin-of-a-slum | title=Inside the skin of a slum }}

In 1965, Shoreditch was merged with Hackney and Stoke Newington to form the new London Borough of Hackney.

Shoreditch is home to the Baron Wei of Shoreditch, who lives in the area and sits as a Conservative life peer and Lords Temporal as part of the House of Lords.{{cite web|title=視頻：英國華裔男爵韋鳴恩專訪一|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/multimedia/2010/06/100616_vid_nat_wei_1.shtml|work=BBC 中文网|publisher=BBC|access-date=30 September 2011|author=BBC 中文网|author-link=BBC|date=17 June 2010|trans-title=Video: British Chinese baron Nat Wei Exclusive Interview 1}} He was introduced on 3 June 2010.{{London Gazette|issue=59437 |date=3 June 2010 |page=10273 }}{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201011/ldhansrd/text/100603-0001.htm#10060340000777 |title=House of Lords debates (3 June 2010, 11:00 am): Introduction: Lord Wei |publisher=Hansard : House of Lords : 3 June 2010 : Column 365 |access-date=6 February 2011}}

File:Official portrait of Meg Hillier crop 2.jpg (MP) of Hackney South and Shoreditch.]]

The Hackney borough part of Shoreditch is part of the Hackney South and Shoreditch constituency, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Meg Hillier of the Labour Party and of the Co-operative Party

The eastern part of Shoreditch, in Tower Hamlets, lies within the constituency of Bethnal Green and Bow, represented since 2010 by Rushanara Ali of the Labour Party.

{{Main|List of people from Hackney}}

• George Adams (born 1947 in Shoreditch), former professional footballer{{Hugman|53|George Adams|accessdate=14 May 2019}}
• John Appold, FRS (1800–1865), a pioneer of the centrifugal pump
• Russell Brand, actor and comedian
• James Burbage, Tudor actor and impresario: built The Theatre; buried in Shoreditch church
• Richard Burbage, actor in the Lord Chamberlain's Men, Shakespeare's own Company. Renowned for his performance of Shakespeare's greatest roles: Hamlet, Richard III, etc. Buried in the church.
• William James Blacklock, British landscape artist, was born in Shoreditch in 1816
• Joshua Compston, curator & founder of Factual Nonsense; instrumental in the development of the area's art scene in the early 1990s; lived & died in Charlotte Road.
• Luke Evans, Welsh singer, musical performer and film actor lives here
• Thomas Fairchild, gardener, the first person to scientifically produce an artificial hybrid
• Noel Fielding, comedian, film and television actor
• Paul Galvin, Irish fashion designer and former Gaelic footballer
• Henry Hate, celebrity tattoo artist; clients include Boy George, Alexander McQueen, Amy Winehouse and Pete Doherty
• Anissa Helou, cookbook author, teacher and chef specialising in the cuisines of the Mediterranean, Middle East and North Africa
• Damien Hirst, artist; instrumental in the development of the area's art scene in the early 1990s
• Dave Kaye, pianist, born in Shoreditch{{Cite web|title=Index entry|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=Qt%2B2wTHo%2BoxwGNT1HBiAIA&scan=1|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS|accessdate=2 February 2022}}
• Hetty King, a famous male impersonator of the music hall, was born here. Her father, William Emms, was a local comedian known as William King.
• Jon Kortajarena, Spanish model and actor
• Marie Lloyd Jr., actress and composer notable for her impersonations of her mother, Marie Lloyd.
• Christopher Marlowe, Elizabethan dramatist lived in Norton Folgate, the southern continuation of Shoreditch High Street, and wrote plays for the Shoreditch theatres.
• Hoxton Tom McCourt, influential in the late 1970s and early 1980s mod and oi/punk scenes and founder of the band, the 4-Skins, was born in Shoreditch in 1961.
• Bill Meyer, printmaker and artist
• Matt Monro, singer dubbed "the British Sinatra", famous for singing On Days Like These from the film The Italian Job and the title songs of the films Born Free and From Russia with Love
• Miquita Oliver, T4 presenter
• James Parkinson, surgeon, apothecary, geologist, paleontologist and political activist who worked on what would later be named Parkinson's disease
• Jem Smith, bare knuckle prize fighter
• William Sommers, Henry VIII's jester; buried in Shoreditch church.
• Szabotage, graffiti artist and designer
• Richard Tarleton, Elizabethan comedian. Shakespeare's Yorick is believed to be a homage to his memory. Buried in Shoreditch church.
• Russell Tovey, English actor
• Andrew Weatherall, DJ, producer, and remixer
• Nat Wei, Baron Wei, youngest non-hereditary peer ever upon entry to the House of Lords and government advisor on Big Society
• Barbara Windsor, comedian, film and television actress was born there.

{{For|further details of education in Shoreditch|List of schools in the London Borough of Hackney}}

Shoreditch High Street station is near Boxpark, on Bethnal Green Road. The station is served by London Overground ({{Rint|london|overground|east}}) trains on the East London line, and is in London fare zone 1. Trains link the area directly to Dalston and Highbury & Islington to the northwest, whilst to the south, trains travel directly to major destinations like Canada Water, Clapham Junction, West Croydon, Crystal Palace, New Cross, Peckham and Whitechapel. Hoxton station is to the north of Shoreditch, on the same line.{{cite web|url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/london-overground-network-map.pdf|title=London Overground network map|website=Transport for London|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110135700/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/london-overground-network-map.pdf|archive-date=10 November 2019|access-date=April 14, 2020}}

There is a nearby Overground ({{Rint|london|overground|lea}}) station at Bethnal Green, with services towards Hackney Downs, Seven Sisters, Chingford, Enfield, and {{rws|Cheshunt}}.

Liverpool Street ({{Rint|london|central}} {{Rint|london|circle}} {{Rint|london|h&C}} {{Rint|london|metropolitan}}) and Old Street ({{Rint|london|northern}}) tube stations are also nearby. Both stations are also on the National Rail network.

Until 2006, Shoreditch tube station was served by London Underground East London line trains. The line and station closed to make way for the London Overground.

London Buses provides all local bus services across the district: routes 8, 135, 205, 388, N8 and N205 on Great Eastern Street and Bishopsgate; routes 26, 35, 47, 48, 67, 78 and N26 on Shoreditch High Street; and routes 55, 149, 242, 243 and N55 on Old Street.{{cite web|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/bus/stop/490005524E/shoreditch-high-street-station/|title=Shoreditch High Street Station|website=Transport for London}}{{cite web|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/bus/stop/490006398K/shoreditch-high-street-station?|title=Shoreditch High Street Station|website=Transport for London}}{{cite web|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/bus/stop/490010585X/shoreditch-town-hall?lineId=35|title=Shoreditch Town Hall|website=Transport for London}}

Two Transport for London (TfL) Cycleways pass through Shoreditch.

Cycle Superhighway 1 runs north-south along the western perimeter of the area, through the Old Street junction. The route is signposted, and links the area to Moorgate and Finsbury southbound, and to Dalston, Stoke Newington, and Seven Sisters to the north.

Quietway 13 runs east-west through Shoreditch, primarily on quiet streets. The route is signposted, and runs from Finsbury in the City to the Regent's Canal near Cambridge Heath.

The Regent's Canal towpath runs along the northernmost edge of the district, close to Shoreditch Park. The towpath is a shared-use path for pedestrians and cyclists and runs unbroken from Angel in Islington to Limehouse near Canary Wharf. Eastbound, the path links the area to Victoria Park and Mile End.{{cite web|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/maps/cycle|title=Cycle|website=Transport for London|access-date=April 14, 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/cycling|title=Canal Cycle Routes|website=Canal and River Trust|access-date=April 14, 2020}}

The London Cycle Hire Scheme operates in Shoreditch.

• Curtain Road Arts
• East London Line
• Hackney College
• Hackney Community College Basketball Academy
• London United Basketball
• Nelson's Retreat Pub
• Shoreditch Park

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• {{EB1911|wstitle=Shoreditch|volume=24|page=1003}}
• {{cite book |last=Ackroyd |first=Peter |year=2000 |title=London: The Biography |publisher=Chatto & Windus |location=London |isbn=1856197166 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/londonbiography00ackr }}
• {{cite book |editor-last=Clifton |editor-first=Lara |year=2002 |title=Baby Oil and Ice: Striptease in East London |publisher=Do-Not Press |location=London |isbn=1899344853 }}
• {{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Paul |year=1983 |title=Inside the Inner City: Life Under the Cutting Edge |publisher=Penguin |location=Harmondsworth |isbn=014022419X }}
• {{cite book |last=Mander |first=David |year=1996 |title=More Light, More Power: An Illustrated History of Shoreditch |publisher=Sutton |place=Stroud |isbn=0750912170 }}
• {{cite book |first=Samuel |last=Schoenbaum |author-link=Samuel Schoenbaum |year=1987 |title=William Shakespeare: a Compact Documentary Life |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0195051610 }}
• {{cite book |last=Shapiro |first=James S. |author-link=James S. Shapiro |year=2005 |title=1599: A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare |publisher=Faber |location=London |isbn=0571214800 }}
• {{cite book |last=Sugden |first=Keith |year=2002 |title=Under Hackney: The Archaeological Story |publisher=Friends of Hackney Archives |location=London }}
• {{cite book |last=Taylor |first=William |year=2001 |title=This Bright Field:a travel book in one place |publisher=Methuen |location=London |isbn=0413746801 }}
• {{cite book |last=Wood |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Wood (historian) |year=2003 |title=In Search of Shakespeare |publisher=BBC |location=London |isbn=056353477X }}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070112023101/http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/tudorhackney/localhistory/lochsh.asp A Tudor History of Shoreditch] (from The National Archives)
• [http://www.shoreditchtownhall.org.uk Shoreditch Town Hall]
• [http://www.shoreditchmap.co.uk/ The Shoreditch Map]

{{Geographic Location

|title = Neighbouring areas of London.

|Northwest = Hoxton

|North = Dalston

|Northeast = Haggerston

|West = Old Street

|Centre = Shoreditch

|East = Bethnal Green

|Southwest = City of London

|South = Bishopsgate

|Southeast = Spitalfields

}}

{{LB Hackney}}

{{LB Tower Hamlets}}

{{LB Islington}}

{{London Districts}}

{{Pubs in London}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Districts of the London Borough of Hackney

Category:Districts of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets

Category:Districts of the London Borough of Islington

Category:Areas of London

Category:Entertainment districts in the United Kingdom