szczecin

{{lang|pl|Szczecin}} and {{lang|de|Stettin}} are the Polish and German equivalents of the same name, which is of Proto-Slavic origin, though the exact etymology is the subject of ongoing research.{{cite book|first=Tadeusz|last=Białecki|title=Historia Szczecina|publisher=Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich |year=1992 |location=Wrocław |pages=9, 20–55, 92–95, 258–260, 300–306}}{{efn |Spelling variants in medieval sources include:

• Stetin, recorded e.g. in 1133,Gerard Labuda, Władysław Filipowiak, Helena Chłopocka, Maciej Czarnecki, Tadeusz Białecki, Zygmunt Silski, Dzieje Szczecina 1–4, Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk., 1994, p.{{nbsp}}14, {{ISBN|83-01-04342-3}} 1159, 1177
• Stetyn, recorded, e.g., in 1188, 1243
• Stetim, 1237
• Szcecin, 1273.Wojciech Lizak, "Jak wywodzono nazwę Szczecina?", [http://nowahistoria.interia.pl/kartka-z-kalendarza/news-14-pazdziernika-1861-r-stan-wojenny-w-krolestwie-polskim,nId,1902574], last accessed 4/2/2011
• Stetina, by Herbord
• Sthetynensibus or Sthetyn, 1287, in Anglicised medieval Latin. (The ending –ens–ibus means 'to the people of' in Latin.)
• Stetinum and Sedinum, still used in contemporary Latin language references
• Stitin, recorded, e.g., in 1251, in the Annales Ryensis, in 1642Merians anmüthige Städte-Chronik, das ist historische und wahrhaffte Beschreibung und zugleich Künstliche Abcontrafeyung zwantzig vornehmbster und bekantester in unserm geliebten Vatterland gelegenen Stätte, 1642
• Stitinum, by Saxo Grammaticus
• Stittinum
• Stytin, in the Annales Colbacensis.}}

In her Etymological Dictionary of Geographical Names of Poland, Maria Malec lists 11 theories regarding the origin of the name, including derivations from either: an Old Slavic word for 'hill peak' ({{langx|pl|szczyt|links=no}}), the plant fuller's teasel ({{langx|pl|szczeć|links=no}}), or the personal name {{lang|pl|Szczota}}.Słownik etymologiczny nazw geograficznych Polski Profesor Maria Malec PWN 2003

Other medieval names for the town are Burstaborg (in the Knytlinga saga)Stanisław Rospond, Slawische Namenkunde Ausg. 1,{{nbsp}}Nr.{{nbsp}}3, C.{{nbsp}}Winter, 1989, p.{{nbsp}}162 and Burstenburgh (in the Annals of Waldemar). These names, which literally mean 'brush burgh', are likely derived from the translation of the city's Slavic name (assuming the second derivation mentioned above).

{{Main|History of Szczecin}}

{{For timeline}}

File:Kamień kaszubski z gryfem przy katedrze w Szczecinie.jpg commemorating the Kashubians (a Lehitic people), with an image of the Pomeranian Griffin]]

The recorded history of Szczecin began in the eighth century, when Vikings"Vikingar", Natur och Kultur 1995, {{ISBN|91-27-91001-6}} (CD) and West Slavs settled in Pomerania. The West Slavs, or Lechites, erected a new stronghold on the site of the modern castle.

Since the 9th century, the stronghold was fortified and expanded toward the Oder bank.Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}52, {{ISBN|83-906184-8-6}} {{OCLC|43087092}} Mieszko I of Poland took control of Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages and the region became part of Poland in the 10th century.The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 11, Encyclopædia Britannica, 1998, p.{{nbsp}}473 "In the 8th and 9th centuries Szczecin was a Slavic fishing and commercial settlement, later named Western Pomerania (Pomorze Zachodnie). During the 10th century, it was annexed to Poland by Mieszko IThe Origins of Polish state. Mieszko I and Bolesław Chrobry. Professor Henry Lang, Polish Academic Information Center, University at Buffalo. [http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/orig/mieszko.html info-poland.buffalo.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206100818/http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/orig/mieszko.html |date=6 February 2012 }} However, already Mieszko II Lambert (1025 ~ 1034) effectively lost control over the area and had to accept German suzerainty over the area of the Oder lagoon.{{cite book|author=Charles Higounet|title=Die deutsche Ostsiedlung im Mittelalter|page=141|language=de}} Subsequent Polish rulers, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Liutician federation all aimed to control the territory.

After the decline of the neighbouring regional centre Wolin in the 12th century, the city became one of the more important and powerful seaports of the Baltic Sea.{{Cite journal |last=Addyman et al., 1979 |date=1981 |title=Waterfront Archaeology in Britain and Northern Europe: A review of current research in waterfront archaeology in six European countries, based on the papers presented to the First International Conference on Waterfront Archaeology in North European Towns held at the Museum of London on 20-22 April 1979 |url=https://woolmerforest.org.uk/E-Library/W/WATERFRONT%20ARCHAEOLOGY%20IN%20BRITAIN%20AND%20NORTHERNN%20EUROPE.pdf |journal=Council for British Archaeology Research Reports |volume=41 |pages=69 |via=The Council for British Archaeology}}{{Cite web |date=September 24, 2023 |title=Port of Szczecin |url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/POL_Port_of_Szczecin_1178.php |access-date=September 24, 2023 |website=World Port Source |archive-date=26 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126002019/http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/POL_Port_of_Szczecin_1178.php |url-status=dead }}

In a campaign in the winter of 1121–1122,Jan M. Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, pg. 36; {{ISBN|83-906184-8-6}}, {{OCLC|43087092}} Bolesław III Wrymouth, the Duke of Poland, gained control of the region, including the city of Szczecin and its stronghold.Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, pp. 31,36,43 {{ISBN|83-906184-8-6}} {{OCLC|43087092}}: pg. 31 (yrs 967-after 1000 AD): "[...] gelang es den polnischen Herrschern sicherlich nicht, Wollin und die Odermündung zu unterwerfen." pg. 36: "Von 1119 bis 1122 eroberte er schließlich das pommersche Odergebiet mit Stettin, [...]" pg. 43: "[...] während Rügen 1168 erobert und in den dänischen Staat einverleibt wurde."Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, pp. 100–101, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}}Norbert Buske, Pommern, Helms Schwerin 1997, pp. 11ff; {{ISBN|3-931185-07-9}}Kyra T. Inachin, Die Geschichte Pommerns, Hinstorff Rostock, 2008, pp.{{nbsp}}15ff; {{ISBN|978-3-356-01044-2}}: pp. 14–15: "Die westslawischen Stämme der Obroditen, Lutizen und Pomoranen konnten sich lange der Eroberung widersetzen. Die militärisch überlegenen Mächte im Norden und Osten, im Süden und im Westen übten jedoch einen permanenten Druck auf den südlichen Ostseeraum aus. Dieser ging bis 1135 hauptsächlich von Polen aus. Der polnische Herzog Boleslaw III Krzywousty (Schiefmund) unterwarf in mehreren Feldzügen bis 1121 pomoranisches Stammland mit den Hauptburgen Cammin und Stettin und drang weiter gen Westen vor", pg. 17: Das Interesse Waldemars richtete sich insbesondere auf das Siedlungsgebiet der Ranen, die nördlich des Ryck und auf Rügen siedelten und die sich bislang gegen Eroberer und Christianisierungsversuche gewehrt hatten. [...] und nahmen 1168 an König Waldemar I. Kriegszug gegen die Ranen teil. Arkona wurde erobert und zerstört. Die unterlegenen Ranen versprachen, das Christentum anzunehmen, die Oberhoheit des Dänenkönigs anzuerkennen und Tribut zu leisten."Malcolm Barber, "The two cities: medieval Europe, 1050–1320", Routledge, 2004, pg. 330 [https://books.google.com/books?id=kP23uZBUCYUC&dq=Boles%C5%82aw+III+Wrymouth+Pomerania&pg=PA330 books.google.com]An historical geography of Europe, 450 B.C.{{nsndns}}A.D. 1330, Norman John Greville Pounds, Cambridge University Press 1973, pg. 241, "By 1121 Polish armies had penetrated its forests, captured its chief city of Szczecin."{{Excessive citations inline|date=December 2023}} The Polish ruler initiated Christianization, entrusting this task to Otto of Bamberg,{{cite book|last=Medley|first=D. J.|year=2004|title=The church and the empire|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|page=152}} and the inhabitants were Christianised by two missions of Otto in 1124 and 1128.Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, pp. 36ff; {{ISBN|83-906184-8-6}}, {{OCLC|43087092}} At this time, the first Christian church of Saints Peter and Paul was erected. The Poles' minted coins were commonly used in trade in this period. The population of the city at that time is estimated to be at around 5,000–9,000 people.Archeologia Polska, Volume 38, Instytut Historii Kultury Materialnej (Polska Akademia Nauk, pg. 309, Zakład im. Ossolińskich, 1993.

Polish rule ended with Boleslaw's death in 1138.Kyra Inachim, Die Geschichte Pommerns, Hinstorff Rostock, 2008, pg. 17; {{ISBN|978-3-356-01044-2}}: "Mit dem Tod Kaiser Lothars 1137 endete der sächsische Druck auf Wartislaw I., und mit dem Ableben Boleslaw III. auch die polnische Oberhoheit." During the Wendish Crusade in 1147, a contingent led by the German margrave Albert the Bear, an enemy of Slavic presence in the region, papal legate, bishop Anselm of Havelberg and Konrad of Meissen besieged the town.Bernhard Schimmelpfennig, Könige und Fürsten, Kaiser und Papst nach dem Wormser Konkordat, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1996, pg. 16; {{ISBN|3-486-55034-9}}Horst Fuhrmann, Deutsche Geschichte im hohen Mittelalter: Von der Mitte des 11. Bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts, 4th edition, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2003, pg. 147; {{ISBN|3-525-33589-X}}Peter N. Stearns, William Leonard Langer, The Encyclopedia of world history, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001; pg. 206 @ [https://books.google.com/books?id=MziRd4ddZz4C&dq=Albert+the+Bear+Slavs&pg=PA206 books.google.com]{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}Davies, Norman (1996). Europe: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press; {{ISBN|0-06-097468-0}}, pg. 362 There, a Polish contingent supplied by Mieszko III the OldJan M. Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, pg. 43; {{ISBN|83-906184-8-6}} {{OCLC|43087092}}: Greater Polish continguents of Mieszko the Elder{{cite book|title=Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|first1=Gerhard|last1=Heitz|first2=Henning|last2=Rischer|publisher=Koehler&Amelang|location=Münster-Berlin|year=1995|isbn=3-7338-0195-4|language=de|page=163}} joined the crusaders. However, the citizens had placed crosses around the fortifications,Jean Richard, Jean Birrell, "The Crusades, c.{{nbsp}}1071{{nsndns}}c.{{nbsp}}1291", Cambridge University Press, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}158, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KszvJSv7t30C&dq=Szczecin+Albert+the+Bear&pg=PA158 books.google.com] indicating they already had been Christianised.Jonathan Riley-Smith, "The Crusades: A History", Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005, p.{{nbsp}}130, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-noOrtrox4C&dq=Szczecin+Albert+the+Bear&pg=PA130 books.google.com] Duke Ratibor I of Pomerania, negotiated the disbanding of the crusading forces.Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}30, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}}

File:Bazylika Archikatedralna pw. św. Jakuba Apostoła (1) (cropped).jpg, first built in the 14th century]]

After the Battle of Verchen in 1164, Szczecin duke Bogusław I, Duke of Pomerania became a vassal of the Duchy of Saxony's Henry the Lion.Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}34, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}} In 1173, Szczecin castellan Wartislaw II, could not resist a Danish attack and became vassal of Denmark. In 1181, Bogusław became a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire.Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}35, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}} In 1185, Bogusław again became a Danish vassal. Despite falling under foreign suzerainty, local dukes maintained close ties with the fragmented Polish realm, and future Polish monarch Władysław III Spindleshanks stayed at the local court of Duke Bogusław I in 1186, on behalf of his father, Duke of Greater Poland Mieszko III the Old, who also periodically was the High Duke of Poland.{{cite magazine|last=Krasuski|first=Marcin|year=2018|title=Walka o władzę w Wielkopolsce w I połowie XIII wieku|magazine=Officina Historiae|language=pl|issue=1|page=64|issn=2545-0905}} Following a conflict between his heirs and Canute VI of Denmark, the settlement was destroyed in 1189,{{cite book|title=Studien Zur Geschichte Des Ostseeraumes IV. Das Mittelalterliche Dänische Ostseeimperium|first=Thomas|last=Riis|publisher=Ludwig|year=2003|isbn=87-7838-615-2|page=48}} but the fortress was reconstructed and manned with a Danish force in 1190.Université de Caen. Centre de recherches archéologiques médiévales, Château-Gaillard: études de castellologie médiévale, XVIII : actes du colloque international tenu à Gilleleje, Danemark, 24–30 août 1996, CRAHM, 1998, p.{{nbsp}}218, {{ISBN|978-2-902685-05-9}} While the empire restored its superiority over the Duchy of Pomerania in the Battle of Bornhöved in 1227, Szczecin was one of two bridgeheads remaining under Danish control (until 1235; Wolgast until 1241/43 or 1250).

In the second half of the 12th century, a group of German tradesmen ("multus populus Teutonicorum"{{cite book|title=Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|first1=Gerhard|last1=Heitz|first2=Henning|last2=Rischer|publisher=Koehler&Amelang|location=Münster-Berlin|year=1995|isbn=3-7338-0195-4|language=de|page=168}} from various parts of the Holy Roman Empire) settled in the city around St.{{nbsp}}Jacob's Church, which was donated in 1180 by Beringer, a trader from Bamberg, and consecrated in 1187.Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p. 43, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}} Hohenkrug (now in Szczecin Struga) was the first village in the Duchy of Pomerania that was clearly recorded as German (villa teutonicorum) in 1173.Jan Maria Piskorski, Slawen und Deutsche in Pommern im Mittelalter, in Klaus Herbers, Nikolas Jaspert, Grenzräume und Grenzüberschreitungen im Vergleich: der Osten und der Westen des mittelalterlichen Lateineuropa, Akademie Verlag, 2007, p.{{nbsp}}85, {{ISBN|3-05-004155-2}} Ostsiedlung accelerated in Pomerania during the 13th century.Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}43ff, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}} Duke Barnim I of Pomerania granted Szczecin a local government charter in 1237, separating the German settlement from the Slavic community settled around the St. Nicholas Church in the neighbourhood of Kessin ({{langx|pl|Chyzin}}). In the charter, the Slavs were put under Germanic jurisdiction.Jan Maria Piskorski, Slawen und Deutsche in Pommern im Mittelalter, in Klaus Herbers, Nikolas Jaspert, Grenzräume und Grenzüberschreitungen im Vergleich: der Osten und der Westen des mittelalterlichen Lateineuropa, Akademie Verlag, 2007, p.{{nbsp}}86, {{ISBN|3-05-004155-2}}

File:Szczecin Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich (od pln-wsch).jpg, the seat of the dukes of the House of Griffin, which was founded by Duke Wartislaw I]]

When Barnim granted Szczecin Magdeburg rights in 1243, part of the Slavic settlement was reconstructed.{{cite book|title=Geschichte Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns|publisher=Beck|first=Michael|last=North|year=2008|isbn=978-3-406-57767-3|language=de|page=21}} The duke had to promise to level the burgh in 1249.Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}83, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}} Most Slavic inhabitants were resettled to two new suburbs north and south of the town.Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}84, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}}

In 1249, Barnim I also granted equivalent Magdeburg town privileges to the town of Damm (also known as Altdamm) on the eastern bank of the Oder.Roderich Schmidt, Pommern und Mecklenburg, Böhlau, 1981, p.{{nbsp}}61, {{ISBN|3-412-06976-0}}Peter Johanek, Franz-Joseph Post, Städtebuch Hinterpommern 2–3, Kohlhammer Verlag, 2003, p.{{nbsp}}277, {{ISBN|3-17-018152-1}} Damm merged with neighbouring Szczecin on 15{{nbsp}}October 1939 and is now the Dąbie neighbourhood.Johannes Hinz, Pommernlexikon, Kraft, 1994, p.{{nbsp}}25, {{ISBN|3-8083-1164-9}} This town had been built on the site of a former Pomeranian burg, "Vadam" or "Dambe", which Boleslaw had destroyed during his 1121 campaign.

On 2 December 1261, Barnim I allowed Jewish settlement in Szczecin in accordance with the Magdeburg law, in a privilege renewed in 1308 and 1371.{{citation|last=Heitmann|first=Margret|chapter=Synagoge und freie christliche Gemeinde in Stettin|title="Halte fern dem ganzen Lande jedes Verderben..". Geschichte und Kultur der Juden in Pommern|editor1-last=Heitmann|editor1-first=Margret|editor2-last=Schoeps|editor2-first=Julius|publisher=Olms|location=Hildesheim/Zürich/New York|year=1995|language=de|isbn=3-487-10074-6|pages=225–238; p. 225}} The Jewish Jordan family was granted citizenship in 1325, but none of the 22 Jews allowed to settle in the duchy in 1481 lived in the city, and in 1492, all Jews in the duchy were ordered to convert to Christianity or leave{{snds}}this order remained effective throughout the rest of the Griffin era.

In 1273, in Szczecin duke of Poznań and future King of Poland Przemysł II married princess Ludgarda, granddaughter of Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania, in order to strengthen the alliance between the two rulers.Kronika wielkopolska, PWN, Warszawa, 1965, p. 297 (in Polish)

Szczecin was part of the federation of Wendish towns, a predecessor of the Hanseatic League, in 1283.{{cite book |last=Wernicke |first=Horst |chapter=Die Hansestädte an der Oder |title=Oder-Odra. Blicke auf einen europäischen Strom |editor1-first=Karl |editor1-last=Schlögel |editor2-first=Beata |editor2-last=Halicka |publisher=Lang |year=2007 |isbn=978-3-631-56149-2 |pages=137–48; here p. 142 |language=de}} The city prospered due to its participation in the Baltic Sea trade, primarily with herring, grain, and timber; craftsmanship also prospered, and more than forty guilds were established in the city. The far-reaching autonomy granted by the House of Griffins was in part reduced when the dukes reclaimed Stettin as their main residence in the late 15th century. The anti-Slavic policies of German merchants and craftsmen intensified in this period, resulting in measures such as bans on people of Slavic descent joining craft guilds, a doubling of customs tax for Slavic merchants, and bans against public usage of their native language. The more prosperous Slavic citizens were forcibly stripped of their possessions, which were then handed over to Germans. In 1514, the guild of tailors added a Wendenparagraph to its statutes, banning Slavs.{{cite book|last=Ślaski|first=Kazimierz|chapter=Volkstumswandel in Pommern vom 12. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert|editor-last=Kirchhoff|editor-first=Hans Georg|title=Beiträge zur Geschichte Pommerns und Pommerellens. Mit einem Geleitwort von Klaus Zernack|location=Dortmund|year=1987|isbn=3-923293-19-4|pages=94–109; p. 97|language=de |publisher=Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa }}

File:Alten Stettin Hogenberg.jpg

While not as heavily affected by medieval witchhunts as other regions of the empire, there are reports of the burning of three women and one man convicted of witchcraft in 1538.Hubertus Fischer, Klosterfrauen, Klosterhexen: Theodor Fontanes Sidonie von Borcke im kulturellen Kontext : Klosterseminar des Fontane-Kreises Hannover der Theodor-Fontane-Gesellschaft e.V. mit dem Konvent des Klosters St. Marienberg vom 14. bis 15. November 2003 in Helmstedt, Rübenberger Verlag Tania Weiss, 2005, p.{{nbsp}}22, {{ISBN|3-936788-07-3}}

In 1570, during the reign of John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania, a congress was held at Stettin ending the Northern Seven Years' War. During the war, Stettin had tended to side with Denmark, while Stralsund tended toward Sweden{{snds}}as a whole, however, the Duchy of Pomerania tried to maintain neutrality.Kyra Inachim, Die Geschichte Pommerns, Hinstorff Rostock, 2008, p.{{nbsp}}62, {{ISBN|978-3-356-01044-2}} Nevertheless, a Landtag that had met in Stettin in 1563 introduced a sixfold rise in real estate taxes to finance the raising of a mercenary army for the duchy's defence. Johann Friedrich also succeeded in elevating Stettin to one of only three places allowed to coin money in the Upper Saxon Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, the other two places being Leipzig and Berlin.Joachim Krüger, Zwischen dem Reich und Schweden: die landesherrliche Münzprägung im Herzogtum Pommern und in Schwedisch-Pommern in der frühen Neuzeit (ca. 1580 bis 1715), LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2006, pp.{{nbsp}}53–55, {{ISBN|3-8258-9768-0}} Bogislaw XIV, who resided in Stettin beginning in 1620, became the sole ruler and Griffin duke when Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania died in 1625. Before the Thirty Years' War reached Pomerania, the city, as well as the entire duchy, declined economically due to the decrease in importance of the Hanseatic League and a conflict between Stettin and Frankfurt an der Oder.Kyra Inachim, Die Geschichte Pommerns, Hinstorff Rostock, 2008, p.{{nbsp}}65, {{ISBN|978-3-356-01044-2}}

File:Stettin merian.JPG

Following the Treaty of Stettin of 1630, the town (along with most of Pomerania) was allied to and occupied by the Swedish Empire, which managed to keep the western parts of Pomerania after the death of Bogislaw{{nbsp}}XIV in 1637. From the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Stettin became the Capital of Swedish Pomerania.Swedish encyclopedia "Bonniers lexikon" (1960's), vol 13:15, column 1227 Stettin was turned into a major Swedish fortress, which was repeatedly besieged in subsequent wars. The next Treaty of Stettin (1653) did not change this, but due to the downfall of the Swedish Empire after Charles XII, the city went to Prussia in 1720. Instead Stralsund became capital of the last remaining parts of Swedish Pomerania 1720–1815.Swedish encyclopedia "Bonniers lexikon" (1960's), vol 13:15, column s 709-710

The city was on the path of Polish forces led by Hetman Stefan Czarniecki moving from Denmark during the Second Northern War. Czarniecki, who led his forces to the city,Historia Szczecina: zarys dziejów miasta od czasów najdawniejszych, Tadeusz Białecki, 1992: "Nowa wojna polsko-szwedzka w połowie XVII w. nie ominęła i Szczecina. Oprócz zwiększonych podatków i zahamowania handlu w 1657 r. pod Szczecinem pojawiły się oddziały polskie Stefana Czarnieckiego" is today mentioned in the Polish anthem, and numerous locations in the city honour his name.

Wars inhibited the city's economic prosperity, which had undergone a deep crisis during the devastation of the Thirty Years' War and was further impeded by the new Swedish-Brandenburg-Prussian frontier, cutting Stettin off from its traditional Farther Pomeranian hinterland.Peter Oliver Loew, Staatsarchiv Stettin: Wegweiser durch die Bestände bis zum Jahr 1945, German translation of Radosław Gaziński, Paweł Gut, Maciej Szukała, Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie, Poland. Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004, p.{{nbsp}}344, {{ISBN|3-486-57641-0}} Due to a Plague during the Great Northern War, the city's population dropped from 6,000 people in 1709 to 4,000 in 1711.Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}532, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}} In 1720, after the Great Northern War, Sweden was forced to cede the city to King Frederick William I of Prussia. Stettin was made the capital city of the Prussian Pomeranian province, since 1815 reorganised as the Province of Pomerania. In 1816, the city had 26,000 inhabitants.Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}416, {{ISBN|3-88680-272-8}}

The Prussian administration deprived the city of its right to administrative autonomy, abolished guild privileges as well as its status as a staple town, and subsidised manufacturers. Also, colonists were settled in the city, primarily French Huguenots. The French established a prosperous community, greatly contributed to the city's economic revival, and were treated with reluctance by the German burghers and city authorities.{{cite book|last=Skrycki|first=Radosław|editor-last=Rembacka|editor-first=Katarzyna|year=2011|title=Szczecin i jego miejsca. Trzecia Konferencja Edukacyjna, 10 XII 2010 r.|language=pl|location=Szczecin|page=96|chapter=Z okresu wojny i pokoju – "francuskie" miejsca w Szczecinie z XVIII i XIX wieku|isbn=978-83-61233-45-9}}

In October 1806, during the War of the Fourth Coalition, believing that he was facing a much larger force, and after receiving a threat of harsh treatment of the city, the Prussian commander Lieutenant General Friedrich von Romberg agreed to surrender the city to the French led by General Lasalle.Petre, 252–253 In fact, Lasalle had only 800 men against von{{nbsp}}Romberg's 5,300 men. In March 1809 Romberg was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for giving up Stettin without a fight. In 1809, also Polish troops were stationed in the city, while the French remained until 1813.

File:Stettin Lange Brucke (1890-1900).jpg

From 1683 to 1812, one Jew was permitted to reside in Stettin, and an additional Jew was allowed to spend a night in the city in case of "urgent business". These permissions were repeatedly withdrawn between 1691 and 1716, also between 1726 and 1730 although else the Swedish regulation was continued by the Prussian administration. Only after the Prussian Edict of Emancipation of 11{{nbsp}}March 1812, which granted Prussian citizenship to all Jews living in the kingdom, did a Jewish community emerge in Stettin, with the first Jews settling in the town in 1814. Construction of a synagogue started in 1834; the community also owned a religious and a secular school, an orphanage since 1855, and a retirement home since 1893.{{citation|last=Heitmann|first=Margret|chapter=Synagoge und freie christliche Gemeinde in Stettin|title="Halte fern dem ganzen Lande jedes Verderben..". Geschichte und Kultur der Juden in Pommern|editor1-last=Heitmann|editor1-first=Margret|editor2-last=Schoeps|editor2-first=Julius|publisher=Olms|location=Hildesheim/Zürich/New York|year=1995|language=de|isbn=3-487-10074-6|pages=225–238; p. 226}} The Jewish community had between 1,000 and 1,200 members by 1873 and between 2,800 and 3,000 members by 1927{{nsndns}}28. These numbers dropped to 2,701 in 1930 and to 2,322 in late 1934.

After the Franco Prussian war of 1870–1871, 1,700 French POWs were imprisoned there in deplorable conditions, resulting in the deaths of 600;Kultura i sztuka Szczecina w latach 1800–1945:materiały Seminarium Oddziału Szczecińskiego Stowarzyszenia Historyków Sztuki, 16–17 październik 1998 Stowarzyszenie Historyków Sztuki. Oddział Szczeciński. Seminarium, Maria Glińska after the Second World War monuments in their memory were built by the Polish authorities.

Until 1873, Stettin remained a fortress. When part of the defensive structures were levelled, a new neighbourhood, Neustadt ("New Town") as well as water pipes, sewerage and drainage, and gas works were built to meet the demands of the growing population.

Stettin developed into a major Prussian port and became part of the German Empire in 1871. While most of the province retained its agrarian character, Stettin was industrialised, and its population rose from 27,000 in 1813 to 210,000 in 1900 and 255,500 in 1925.{{cite book|last=Schmidt|first=Roderich|title=Das historische Pommern. Personen, Orte, Ereignisse|volume=41|series=Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern|edition=2|publisher=Böhlau|location=Köln-Weimar|year=2009|isbn=978-3-412-20436-5|language=de|pages=19–20}} Major industries that flourished in Stettin from 1840 were shipbuilding, chemical and food industries, and machinery construction. Starting in 1843, Stettin became connected to the major German and Pomeranian cities by railways, and the water connection to the Bay of Pomerania was enhanced by the construction of the Kaiserfahrt (now Piast) canal. The city was also a scientific centre; for example, it was home to the Entomological Society of Stettin.

File:Manzelbrunnen 3.jpg

On 20 October 1890, some of the city's Poles created the "Society of Polish-Catholic Workers" in the city, one of the first Polish organisations.Dzieje Szczecina:1806–1945 p.{{nbsp}}450 Bogdan Frankiewicz 1994 In 1897, the city's ship works began the construction of the pre-dreadnought battleship Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. In 1914, before World War{{nbsp}}I, the Polish community in the city numbered over 3,000 people, contributing about 2% of the population. These were primarily industrial workers and their families who came from the Poznań (Posen) area{{cite book|title=Zwischen Stettin und Szczecin|volume=27|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|first=Jan|last=Musekamp|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2009|isbn=978-3-447-06273-2|language=de|page=72}}. Quote1: "[...] Polen, die sich bereits vor Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges in der Stadt befunden hatten. Es handelte sich bei ihnen zum einen um Industriearbeiter und ihre Angehörigen, die bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg meist aus der Gegend um Posen in das damals zum selben Staat gehörende Stettin gezogen waren [...]" and a few local wealthy industrialists and merchants. Among them was Kazimierz Pruszak, director of the Gollnow industrial works and a Polish patriot, who predicted the eventual "return" of Szczecin to Poland.

During the interwar period, Stettin was Weimar Germany's largest port on the Baltic Sea, and her third-largest port after Hamburg and Bremen.{{cite book|last=Schmidt|first=Roderich|title=Das historische Pommern. Personen, Orte, Ereignisse|volume=41|series=Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern|edition=2|publisher=Böhlau|location=Köln-Weimar|year=2009|isbn=978-3-412-20436-5|language=de|page=20}} Cars of the Stoewer automobile company were produced in Stettin from 1899 to 1945. By 1939, the Reichsautobahn Berlin{{nsndns}}Stettin was completed.

Stettin played a major role as an entrepôt in the development of the Scottish herring trade with the Continent, peaking at an annual export of more than 400,000 barrels in 1885, 1894 and 1898. Trade flourished until the outbreak of the First World War and resumed on a reduced scale during the years between the wars.{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishherringhistory.uk/statistics/AnnualExport.html|title=Annual Statistics|work=scottishherringhistory.uk}}

In the March 1933 German elections to the Reichstag, the Nazis and German nationalists from the German National People's Party (or DNVP) won most of the votes in the city, together winning 98,626 of 165,331 votes (59.3%), with the NSDAP getting 79,729 (47.9%) and the DNVP 18,897 (11.4%).{{cite web |url=http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/stettin.html |title=Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Pommern, Kreis Stettin |publisher=Verwaltungsgeschichte.de |access-date=2011-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723075150/http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/stettin.html |archive-date=23 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}

In 1935, the Wehrmacht made Stettin the headquarters for Wehrkreis{{nbsp}}II, which controlled the military units in all of Mecklenburg and Pomerania. It was also the area headquarters for units stationed at Stettin{{nbsp}}I and II; Swinemünde (Świnoujście); Greifswald; and Stralsund.

In the interwar period, the Polish minority numbered 2,000 people,Polonia szczecińska 1890–1939 Anna Poniatowska Bogusław Drewniak, Poznań 1961 less than 1% of the city's population at that time. A number of Poles were members of the Union of Poles in Germany (ZPN), which was active in the city from 1924.Historyczna droga do polskiego Szczecina:wybór dokumentów i opracowań. Kazimierz Kozłowski, Stanisław Krzywicki. Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, p.{{nbsp}}79, 1988 A Polish consulate was located in the city between 1925 and 1939.{{cite book|title=Zwischen Stettin und Szczecin|volume=27|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|first=Jan|last=Musekamp|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2009|isbn=978-3-447-06273-2|language=de|page=73}} On the initiative of the consulate and ZPN activist Maksymilian Golisz,{{cite book|title=Zwischen Stettin und Szczecin|volume=27|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|first=Jan|last=Musekamp|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2009|isbn=978-3-447-06273-2|language=de|page=74}} a number of Polish institutions were established, e.g., a Polish Scout team and a Polish school. German historian Musekamp writes, "however, only very few Poles were active in these institutions, which for the most part were headed by employees of the [Polish] consulate." The withdrawal of the consulate from these institutions led to a general decline of these activities, which were in part upheld by Golisz and Aleksander Omieczyński.{{cite book|title=Konsulat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Szczecinie w latach 1925–1939. Powstanie i działalność|first=Wojciech|last=Skóra|publisher=Pomorska Akademia Pedagogiczna w Słupsku|year=2001|isbn=83-88731-15-7|language=pl|page=139}} Intensified repressions by the Nazis, who exaggerated the Polish activities to propagate an infiltration, led to the closing of the school. In 1938, the head of Szczecin's Union of Poles unit, Stanisław Borkowski, was imprisoned in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany. In 1939, all Polish organisations in Stettin were disbanded by the German authorities. Golisz and Omieczyński were murdered during the war. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, a street was named after Golisz. According to German historian Jan Musekamp, the activities of the Polish pre-war organizations were exaggerated after World War II for propaganda purposes.Musekamp, Jan: Zwischen Stettin und Szczecin, p. 74, with reference to: Edward Wlodarczyk: "Próba krytycznego spojrzenia na dzieje Polonii Szczecińskiej do 1939 roku" in Pomerania Ethnica, Szczecin 1998 Quote: "..und so musste die Bedeutung der erwähnten Organisationen im Sinne der Propaganda übertrieben werden."

File:Szczecin godlo z konsulatu.jpg]]

During World War II, Stettin was the base for the German 2nd Motorised Infantry Division, which cut across the so-called Polish Corridor and was later used in 1940 as an embarkation point for Operation Weserübung, Germany's assault on Denmark and Norway.Gilbert, M (1989) Second World War, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, P52

On 15 October 1939, neighbouring municipalities were joined to Stettin, creating Groß-Stettin, with about 380,000 inhabitants, in 1940.Peter Oliver Loew, Staatsarchiv Stettin: Wegweiser durch die Bestände bis zum Jahr 1945, German translation of Radosław Gaziński, Paweł Gut, Maciej Szukała, Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie, Poland. Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004, p.{{nbsp}}345, {{ISBN|3-486-57641-0}} The city had become the third-largest German city by area, after Berlin and Hamburg.{{cite book|last=Stolzenburg|first=Katrin|chapter=Hans Bernhard Reichow (1899–1974)|title=Architektur und Städtebau im südlichen Ostseeraum zwischen 1936 und 1980|editor-first=Bernfried|editor-last=Lichtnau|publisher=Lukas Verlag|year=2002|isbn=3-931836-74-6|language=de|pages=137–152; p. 140}}

As the war started, the number of non-Germans in the city increased as slave workers were brought in. The first transports came in 1939 from Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Łódź. They were mainly used in a synthetic silk factory near Stettin. The next wave of slave workers was brought in 1940, in addition to PoWs who were used for work in the agricultural industry. According to German police reports from 1940, 15,000 Polish slave workers lived within the city.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tey6mM1RCs0C&q=autochthons+poland&pg=PA72 |title=Zwischen Stettin und Szczecin |first1=Jan |last1=Musekamp |publisher=Deutsches Polen-Institut |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-447-06273-2 |page=72 |language=de |access-date=20 September 2011}}

During the war, 135 forced labour camps for slave workers were established in the city. Most of the 25,000 slave workers were Poles, but Czechs, Italians, Frenchmen and Belgians, as well as Dutch citizens, were also enslaved in the camps. A Nazi prison was also operated in the city, with forced labour subcamps in the region.{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100001209|title=Gefängnis Stettin|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=15 May 2021|language=de}}

File:Szczecin1945.JPG

In February 1940, the Jews of Stettin were deported to the Lublin reservation. International press reports emerged, describing how the Nazis forced Jews, regardless of age, condition and gender, to sign away all property and loaded them onto trains headed to the camp, escorted by members of the SA and SS. Due to publicity given to the event, German institutions ordered such future actions to be made in a way unlikely to attract public notice.The Origins of the Final Solution Christopher R. Browning, Jürgen Matthäus, page 64 University of Nebraska Press, 2007 The action was the first deportation of Jews from prewar territory in Nazi Germany.{{Cite book|title=The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry|url=https://archive.org/details/holocaustfateofe00yahi|url-access=limited|last=Yahil|first=Leni|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1990|isbn=0-19-504522-X|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/holocaustfateofe00yahi/page/140 140]}}

Allied air raids in 1944 and heavy fighting between the German and Soviet armies destroyed 65% of Stettin's buildings and almost all of the city centre, the seaport, and local industries. Polish Home Army intelligence assisted in pinpointing targets for Allied bombing in the area of Stettin.Polski ruch oporu 1939–1945 Andrzej Chmielarz, Wojskowy Instytut Historyczny im. Wandy Wasilewskiej, Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1988 page 1019 The city itself was covered by the Home Army's "Bałtyk" structure, and Polish resistance infiltrated Stettin's naval yards.Wywiad Związku Walki Zbrojnej—Armii Krajowej, 1939–1945 Piotr Matusak 2002 page 166Wywiad Polskich Sił Zbrojnych na Zachodzie 1939–1945 Andrzej Pepłoński AWM, 1995 page 342 Other activities of the resistance consisted of smuggling people, including Polish and British POWs who escaped from German captivity, to Sweden,Cudzoziemcy w polskim ruchu oporu: 1939–1945 Stanisław Okęcki 1975 page 49{{cite journal|last=Chrzanowski|first=Bogdan|title=Organizacja sieci przerzutów drogą morską z Polski do Szwecji w latach okupacji hitlerowskiej (1939–1945)|journal=Stutthof. Zeszyty Muzeum|language=pl|volume=5|page=30|issn=0137-5377}} and distribution of Polish underground press.{{cite book|last=Chrzanowski|first=Bogdan|year=2022|title=Polskie Państwo Podziemne na Pomorzu w latach 1939–1945|language=pl|location=Gdańsk|publisher=IPN|page=57|isbn=978-83-8229-411-8}}

The Soviet Red Army captured the city on 26{{nbsp}}April 1945. While the majority of the almost 400,000 inhabitants had left the city, between 6,000 and 20,000 inhabitants remained in late April.{{cite book| first1=Jörg |last1=Hackmann| first2=Tadeusz | last2=Bialecki|title=Stettin Szczecin 1945-1946 Dokument – Erinnerungen, Dokumenty - Wspomnienia |publisher=Hinstorff|year=1995 | pages=97, 283, 287 |isbn= 3-356-00528-6|language=de}}

File:WOPR, Barka i Zamek Książąt Pomorskich.jpg from the Oder River. Most of the medieval buildings in the city centre were completely destroyed during World War II. The Ducal Castle can be seen in the background.]]

On 28 April 1945 Polish authorities tried to gain control, but in the following month, the Polish administration was twice forced to leave. The reason for this was, according to Polish sources, that the Western Allies raised protest against the Soviet and Polish policy of creating a fait-accomplit in Eastern Germany. Finally the permanent handover occurred on 5{{nbsp}}July 1945.{{cite web|url=http://www.szczecin.pl/strasse/kalendar_uk.htm|title=Chronicle of the most important events in the history of Szczecin|work=Szczecin.pl|date=2000|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607192402/http://www.szczecin.pl/strasse/kalendar_uk.htm |archive-date=7 June 2011}} In the meantime, part of the German population had returned, believing it might become part of the Soviet occupation zone of Germany.Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}376, {{ISBN|83-906184-8-6}} {{OCLC|43087092}} The Soviet authorities had already appointed the German Communists Erich Spiegel and Erich Wiesner as mayors.Grete Grewolls: Wer war wer in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern? Ein Personenlexikon. Edition Temmen, Bremen 1995, {{ISBN|3-86108-282-9}}, p.{{nbsp}}467. Stettin is located mostly west of the Oder River, which was expected to become Poland's new western border, placing Stettin in East Germany. This would have been in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement between the victorious Allied powers, which envisaged the new border to be in "a line running from the Baltic Sea immediately west of Swinemünde, and thence along the Oder River[...]". Because of the returnees, the German population of the town swelled to 84,000. The mortality rate was at 20%, primarily due to starvation.Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, p.{{nbsp}}377, {{ISBN|83-906184-8-6}} {{OCLC|43087092}} However, Stettin and the mouth of the Oder River became Polish on 5{{nbsp}}July 1945, as had been decided in a treaty signed on 26{{nbsp}}July 1944 between the Soviet Union and the Soviet-controlled Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) (also known as "the Lublin Poles", as contrasted with the London-based Polish government-in-exile). On 4{{nbsp}}October 1945, the decisive land border of Poland was established west of the 1945 line,Jan M Piskorski, Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, 1999, pp. 380–381, {{ISBN|83-906184-8-6}} {{OCLC|43087092}} and the city was renamed to its historic Polish name Szczecin, but the area excluded the Police area, the Oder River itself and the port of Szczecin, which remained under Soviet administration. The Oder River was handed over to Polish administration in September 1946, followed by the port between February 1946 and May 1954.

File:0907 Pomnik Czynu Polaków Szczecin SZN 1.jpg, dedicated to three Generations of Poles in Western Pomerania: the pre-war Poles in Szczecin, the Poles who rebuilt the city after World War II, and the modern generation]]

While in 1945 the number of pre-war inhabitants dropped to 57,215 on 31 October 1945, the systematic expulsion of Germans started on 22 February 1946 and continued until late 1947, in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. In December 1946 about 17,000 German inhabitants remained, while the number of Poles living in the city reached 100,000. To ease the tensions between settlers from different regions, and help overcome fear caused by the continued presence of the Soviet troops, a special event was organised in April 1946 with 50,000 visitors in the partly destroyed city centre.{{cite book|last=McNamara|first=Paul|chapter=Competing National and Regional Identities in Poland's Baltic|title=History of Communism in Europe|volume=3|year=2012|isbn=9786068266275|pages=30–31; p. 31 |others=Bogdan C. Iacob |publisher=Zeta Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=70ECBQAAQBAJ}} Settlers from Central Poland made up about 70% of Szczecin's new population.{{cite book|last=Musekamp|first=Jan|chapter=Der Königsplatz in Stettin als Beispiel kultureller Aneignung nach 1945|title=Wiedergewonnene Geschichte. Zur Aneignung von Vergangenheit in den Zwischenräumen Mitteleuropas|volume=22|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|editor1-first=Peter Oliver|editor1-last=Loew|editor2-first=Christian|editor2-last=Pletzing|editor3-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Serrier|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2006|isbn=3-447-05297-X|language=de|pages=19–35; p. 20}} In addition to Poles, Ukrainians from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union settled there. Also Poles repatriated from Harbin, China and Greeks, refugees of the Greek Civil War, settled in Szczecin in the following years.{{cite web|url=https://szczecin.tvp.pl/42971441/wyjatkowa-wystawa-o-historii-w-chinskiej-mandzurii-i-jej-finale-w-szczecinie|title=Wyjątkowa wystawa o historii w chińskiej Mandżurii i jej finale w Szczecinie|website=TVP3 Szczecin|author=Przemysław Plecan|access-date=15 May 2021|language=pl}}{{cite book|last=Kubasiewicz|first=Izabela|editor-last1=Dworaczek|editor-first1=Kamil|editor-last2=Kamiński|editor-first2=Łukasz|year=2013|title=Letnia Szkoła Historii Najnowszej 2012. Referaty|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|pages=117–118|chapter=Emigranci z Grecji w Polsce Ludowej. Wybrane aspekty z życia mniejszości}} In 1945 and 1946, the city was the starting point of the northern route used by the Jewish underground organisation Brichah to channel Jewish displaced persons from Central and Eastern Europe to the American occupation zone.{{cite book|last=Königseder|first=Angelika|chapter=Durchgangsstation Berlin. Jüdische Displaced Persons 1945–1948|title=Überlebt und unterwegs. Jüdische Displaced Persons im Nachkriegsdeutschland|editor-last=Giere|editor-first=Jacqueline|publisher=Campus Verlag|year=1997|isbn=3-593-35843-3|language=de|pages=189–206; pp. 191–192|display-editors=etal}}

Szczecin was rebuilt, and the city's industry was expanded. At the same time, Szczecin became a major Polish industrial centre and an important seaport (particularly for Silesian coal) for Poland, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. Cultural expansion was accompanied by a campaign resulting in the "removal of all German traces".{{cite book|last=Musekamp|first=Jan|chapter=Der Königsplatz in Stettin als Beispiel kultureller Aneignung nach 1945|title=Wiedergewonnene Geschichte. Zur Aneignung von Vergangenheit in den Zwischenräumen Mitteleuropas|volume=22|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|editor1-first=Peter Oliver|editor1-last=Loew|editor2-first=Christian|editor2-last=Pletzing|editor3-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Serrier|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2006|isbn=3-447-05297-X|language=de|pages=19–35; pp. 22–23}} In 1946, Winston Churchill prominently mentioned the city in his Iron Curtain speech: "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent".British Information Services [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/FO371-51624.jpg excerpt of Churchill's speech]Peter H. Merkl, [https://books.google.com/books?id=dduIXz8kpEsC&dq=Winston+Churchill+Iron+curtain+Szczecin&pg=PA338 German Unification], Penn State Press, 2004, p.{{nbsp}}338

File:Strajk w stoczni szczecinskiej 1980.jpg workers' strike against the communist government authorities in Poland, August 1980]]

The city witnessed anti-communist revolts in 1956,{{cite web|url=https://www.szczecin.uw.gov.pl/?type=article&action=view&id=14767|title=Upamiętnienie wydarzeń z 10 grudnia 1956 r|website=szczecin.uw.gov.pl|date=10 December 2019|access-date=21 April 2023|language=pl}} 1970 and 1980.{{cite web|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/39/156/Artykul/674436,Porozumienie-szczecinskie-krok-ku-wolnosci|title=Porozumienie szczecińskie: krok ku wolności|website=PolskieRadio.pl|access-date=15 May 2021|language=pl}} On 30 August 1980, first of the four August Agreements, which led to the first legalisation of the trade union Solidarity, was signed in Szczecin. The introduction of martial law in December 1981 met with a strike by the dockworkers of Szczecin shipyard, joined by other factories and workplaces in a general strike. All these were suppressed by the authorities.{{cite web|url=http://www.naszemiasto.stetinum.pl/pl/wiadomosci/kalendarium/Dzis_rocznica_wprowadzenia_stanu_wojennego|title=Dziś rocznica wprowadzenia stanu wojennego – Szczecin|trans-title=Today is the anniversary of the imposition of martial law – Szczecin|publisher=Naszemiasto.stetinum.pl|access-date=3 June 2011}}{{dead link|date=March 2016}}{{cbignore}}{{cite web |url=http://www.13grudnia81.pl/sw/galeria-1/szczecin/6067,Manifestacje-studenckie.html |title=Wprowadzenie stanu wojennego w Szczecinie – Wiadomości – Szczecin |publisher=Sedinum.stetinum.pl |date=13 December 2009 |access-date=2011-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222123959/http://www.13grudnia81.pl/sw/galeria-1/szczecin/6067,Manifestacje-studenckie.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=dead }} Pope John Paul II visited the city on 11{{nbsp}}June 1987.{{cite web |url=http://www.gs24.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080411/SZCZECIN/542492938 |title=Papież w Szczecinie |author=Monika Stefanek |date=11 April 2008 |publisher=GS24.pl – Serwis Głosu Szczecińskiego |access-date=19 April 2011 |language=pl}} Another wave of strikes in Szczecin broke out in 1988 and 1989, which eventually led to the Round Table Agreement and first semi-free elections in post-war Poland.

Szczecin has been the capital of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999.

Szczecin has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) with some humid continental (Dfb) characteristics in normal not updated, typical of Western Pomerania. The winters are colder than on the immediate coast and the summers are warm, but still with some moderation, especially due to the Baltic Sea.{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=50221&cityname=Szczecin,+Poland|title=Szczecin, Poland Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2018-12-27|archive-date=1 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201152101/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=50221&cityname=Szczecin%2C+Poland|url-status=dead}}

The average air temperature in Szczecin ranges from 8 to 8.4 °C. The hottest month is July with a temperature of 15.8 °C to 20.3 °C, the coldest January from -4.1 °C to 2.6 °C. Air temperature below 0 °C occurs on average over 86 days a year, most frequently in January and February. The average annual rainfall is 537 mm, the average rainfall in the cool half-year is 225 mm, and in the warmer half-year is 350 mm. On average, 167 days with precipitation occurs.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ikzm-oder.de/download.php?fileid=2150|title=Stan środowiska miasta Szczecina|date=May 2004|publisher=Küsteninformationssystem Odermündung|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214822/http://www.ikzm-oder.de/download.php?fileid=2150|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}

{{Weather box

| location = Szczecin (Szczecin Dąbie), elevation: 1 m, 1991-2020 normals, extremes 1951–present

| metric first = Yes

| single line = Yes

| Jan record high C = 15.5

| Feb record high C = 17.9

| Mar record high C = 23.9

| Apr record high C = 30.6

| May record high C = 32.0

| Jun record high C = 35.6

| Jul record high C = 37.3

| Aug record high C = 37.8

| Sep record high C = 30.8

| Oct record high C = 26.7

| Nov record high C = 19.4

| Dec record high C = 14.9

| year record high C = 37.8

| Jan avg record high C = 9.8

| Feb avg record high C = 11.6

| Mar avg record high C = 17.2

| Apr avg record high C = 23.8

| May avg record high C = 27.5

| Jun avg record high C = 30.3

| Jul avg record high C = 31.6

| Aug avg record high C = 31.8

| Sep avg record high C = 25.7

| Oct avg record high C = 20.5

| Nov avg record high C = 14.2

| Dec avg record high C = 10.8

| year avg record high C = 33.7

| Jan high C = 3.0

| Feb high C = 4.5

| Mar high C = 8.5

| Apr high C = 14.7

| May high C = 19.1

| Jun high C = 22.1

| Jul high C = 24.3

| Aug high C = 24.0

| Sep high C = 19.2

| Oct high C = 13.5

| Nov high C = 7.5

| Dec high C = 4.0

| year high C = 13.7

| Jan mean C = 0.6

| Feb mean C = 1.5

| Mar mean C = 4.2

| Apr mean C = 9.2

| May mean C = 13.6

| Jun mean C = 16.8

| Jul mean C = 18.9

| Aug mean C = 18.5

| Sep mean C = 14.3

| Oct mean C = 9.5

| Nov mean C = 4.9

| Dec mean C = 1.9

| year mean C = 9.5

| Jan low C = -1.8

| Feb low C = -1.3

| Mar low C = 0.4

| Apr low C = 4.0

| May low C = 8.2

| Jun low C = 11.5

| Jul low C = 13.8

| Aug low C = 13.5

| Sep low C = 9.9

| Oct low C = 6.0

| Nov low C = 2.4

| Dec low C = -0.5

| year low C = 5.5

| Jan avg record low C = -11.8

| Feb avg record low C = -9.9

| Mar avg record low C = -7.3

| Apr avg record low C = -3.2

| May avg record low C = 1.1

| Jun avg record low C = 5.7

| Jul avg record low C = 8.2

| Aug avg record low C = 7.2

| Sep avg record low C = 3.0

| Oct avg record low C = -2.1

| Nov avg record low C = -4.8

| Dec avg record low C = -8.6

| year avg record low C = -15.0

| Jan record low C = -30.0

| Feb record low C = -28.7

| Mar record low C = -23.1

| Apr record low C = -7.7

| May record low C = -4.4

| Jun record low C = 0.3

| Jul record low C = 4.4

| Aug record low C = 1.2

| Sep record low C = -2.6

| Oct record low C = -6.9

| Nov record low C = -11.4

| Dec record low C = -22.3

| year record low C = -30.0

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 40.0

| Feb precipitation mm = 32.8

| Mar precipitation mm = 38.4

| Apr precipitation mm = 31.2

| May precipitation mm = 55.8

| Jun precipitation mm = 59.1

| Jul precipitation mm = 76.2

| Aug precipitation mm = 60.3

| Sep precipitation mm = 47.7

| Oct precipitation mm = 43.5

| Nov precipitation mm = 39.0

| Dec precipitation mm = 43.0

| year precipitation mm = 567.1

| Jan snow depth cm = 3.6

| Feb snow depth cm = 4.0

| Mar snow depth cm = 1.9

| Apr snow depth cm = 0.4

| May snow depth cm = 0.0

| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0

| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0

| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0

| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0

| Oct snow depth cm = 0.0

| Nov snow depth cm = 0.7

| Dec snow depth cm = 2.3

| year snow depth cm =

| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 16.13

| Feb precipitation days = 14.54

| Mar precipitation days = 13.53

| Apr precipitation days = 11.07

| May precipitation days = 13.57

| Jun precipitation days = 13.07

| Jul precipitation days = 14.17

| Aug precipitation days = 13.10

| Sep precipitation days = 11.93

| Oct precipitation days = 14.07

| Nov precipitation days = 14.60

| Dec precipitation days = 16.87

| year precipitation days = 166.64

| unit snow days = 0 cm

| Jan snow days = 7.6

| Feb snow days = 6.9

| Mar snow days = 2.8

| Apr snow days = 0.4

| May snow days = 0.0

| Jun snow days = 0.0

| Jul snow days = 0.0

| Aug snow days = 0.0

| Sep snow days = 0.0

| Oct snow days = 0.0

| Nov snow days = 1.3

| Dec snow days = 4.7

| year snow days = 23.7

| Jan humidity = 87.1

| Feb humidity = 83.3

| Mar humidity = 78.2

| Apr humidity = 70.8

| May humidity = 71.5

| Jun humidity = 72.9

| Jul humidity = 74.4

| Aug humidity = 75.9

| Sep humidity = 81.2

| Oct humidity = 85.5

| Nov humidity = 89.1

| Dec humidity = 89.0

| year humidity = 79.9

| Jan sun = 42.7

| Feb sun = 66.7

| Mar sun = 121.2

| Apr sun = 199.3

| May sun = 244.5

| Jun sun = 242.3

| Jul sun = 246.3

| Aug sun = 230.3

| Sep sun = 160.0

| Oct sun = 105.7

| Nov sun = 47.4

| Dec sun = 32.2

| year sun = 1738.6

| Jan uv = 0

| Feb uv = 1

| Mar uv = 2

| Apr uv = 4

| May uv = 5

| Jun uv = 6

| Jul uv = 6

| Aug uv = 5

| Sep uv = 4

| Oct uv = 2

| Nov uv = 1

| Dec uv = 0

| Jan dew point C = -1

| Feb dew point C = -1

| Mar dew point C = 0

| Apr dew point C = 3

| May dew point C = 8

| Jun dew point C = 11

| Jul dew point C = 13

| Aug dew point C = 13

| Sep dew point C = 10

| Oct dew point C = 7

| Nov dew point C = 3

| Dec dew point C = 0

| source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE

| archive-date = 3 December 2021

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE

| title = Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 20 January 2022

| url-status = live

}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE

| title = Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 20 January 2022

| url-status = live

}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE

| title = Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 20 January 2022

| url-status = live

}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA

| archive-date = 9 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA

| title = Miesięczna suma opadu

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 20 January 2022

| url-status = live

}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01

| title = Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 20 January 2022

| url-status = live

}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB

| title = Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 20 January 2022

| url-status = live

}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0

| archive-date = 21 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0

| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 20 January 2022

| url-status = live

}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL

| title = Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 20 January 2022

| url-status = live

}}

| source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020),

{{cite web

| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353140205&par=tmax&max_empty=3

| title = Szczecin Absolutna temperatura maksymalna

| date = 6 April 2018

| publisher = Meteomodel.pl

| language = pl

| access-date = 23 March 2023}}

{{cite web

| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353140205&par=tmin&max_empty=3

| title = Szczecin Absolutna temperatura minimalna

| date = 6 April 2018

| publisher = Meteomodel.pl

| language = pl

| access-date = 20 January 2022}}

{{cite web

| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=353140205&par=rh&max_empty=3

| title = Szczecin Średnia wilgotność

| date = 6 April 2018

| publisher = Meteomodel.pl

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 January 2022}} Weather Atlas (UV),{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/poland/szczecin-climate|title=Szczecin, Poland - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=27 June 2019}} Time and Date (dewpoints, 1985-2015){{cite web

| url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/poland/szczecin/climate

| title = Climate & Weather Averages in Szczecin

| publisher = Time and Date

| access-date = 24 July 2022}}

| source =

}}

{{Graph:Weather monthly history

| table = Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Szczecin.tab

| title = Szczecin temperature

}}

File:Śląska Street in Szczecin, 2018 (14).jpgs on Śląska Street. Much of Szczecin's core, excluding the Old Town, features historic Gründerzeit architecture.]]

Szczecin's architectural style reflects trends popular in the last half of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th century: Academic art (historicist Gründerzeit) and Art Nouveau. In many areas built after 1945, especially in the city centre, which had been partly destroyed due to Allied bombing, social realism is prevalent.

The city has an abundance of green areas: parks and avenues{{snds}}wide streets with trees planted in the island separating opposing traffic (where often tram tracks are laid); and roundabouts corresponding to the Orion constellation. Szczecin's city plan resembles that of Paris, mostly because Szczecin was remodelled in the 1880s according to a design by Georges-Eugène Haussmann, who had redesigned Paris under Napoléon III.{{cite web|url=http://www.ncdc.eu/single-post/2014/10/01/The-History-and-Culture-of-Szczecin|title=NCDC|access-date=30 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030201738/http://www.ncdc.eu/single-post/2014/10/01/The-History-and-Culture-of-Szczecin|archive-date=30 October 2016|url-status=dead}} This pattern of street design is still used in Szczecin, as many recently built (or modified) city areas include roundabouts and avenues.

During the city's reconstruction in the aftermath of World War II, the communist authorities of Poland wanted the city's architecture to reflect an old Polish Piast era. Since no buildings from that time existed, instead Gothic as well as Renaissance buildings were picked as worthy of conservation.{{cite book|last=Musekamp|first=Jan|chapter=Der Königsplatz in Stettin als Beispiel kultureller Aneignung nach 1945|title=Wiedergewonnene Geschichte. Zur Aneignung von Vergangenheit in den Zwischenräumen Mitteleuropas|volume=22|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|editor1-first=Peter Oliver|editor1-last=Loew|editor2-first=Christian|editor2-last=Pletzing|editor3-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Serrier|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2006|isbn=3-447-05297-X|language=de|pages=19–35; p. 23}} The motivation behind this decision was that Renaissance architecture was used by the Griffin dynasty, which had Lechitic and West Slavic roots and was seen to be of Piast extraction by some historians.{{cite book|last=Musekamp|first=Jan|chapter=Der Königsplatz in Stettin als Beispiel kultureller Aneignung nach 1945|title=Wiedergewonnene Geschichte. Zur Aneignung von Vergangenheit in den Zwischenräumen Mitteleuropas|volume=22|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|editor1-first=Peter Oliver|editor1-last=Loew|editor2-first=Christian|editor2-last=Pletzing|editor3-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Serrier|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2006|isbn=3-447-05297-X|language=de|pages=19–35; p. 31}} This view was manifested, for example, by erecting respective memorials, and the naming of streets and enterprises,{{cite book|last=Musekamp|first=Jan|chapter=Der Königsplatz in Stettin als Beispiel kultureller Aneignung nach 1945|title=Wiedergewonnene Geschichte. Zur Aneignung von Vergangenheit in den Zwischenräumen Mitteleuropas|volume=22|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|editor1-first=Peter Oliver|editor1-last=Loew|editor2-first=Christian|editor2-last=Pletzing|editor3-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Serrier|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2006|isbn=3-447-05297-X|language=de|pages=19–35; p. 33}} while German traces were replaced by symbols of three main categories: Piasts, the martyrdom of Poles, and gratitude to the Soviet and Polish armies which had ended the Nazi atrocities against Polish citizens.{{cite book|last=Wawrzyniak|first=Joanna|chapter=Die Westgebiete in der Ideologie des polnischen Kommunismus|title=Wiedergewonnene Geschichte. Zur Aneignung von Vergangenheit in den Zwischenräumen Mitteleuropas|volume=22|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|editor1-first=Peter Oliver|editor1-last=Loew|editor2-first=Christian|editor2-last=Pletzing|editor3-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Serrier|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2006|isbn=3-447-05297-X|language=de|pages=298–319; p. 306}}

The ruins of the former Griffin residence, initially renamed "Piast Palace", also played a central role in this concept and were reconstructed in Renaissance style, with all traces of later eras removed.{{cite book|last=Musekamp|first=Jan|chapter=Der Königsplatz in Stettin als Beispiel kultureller Aneignung nach 1945|title=Wiedergewonnene Geschichte. Zur Aneignung von Vergangenheit in den Zwischenräumen Mitteleuropas|volume=22|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|editor1-first=Peter Oliver|editor1-last=Loew|editor2-first=Christian|editor2-last=Pletzing|editor3-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Serrier|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2006|isbn=3-447-05297-X|language=de|pages=19–35; p. 30}} In general, post-Renaissance buildings, especially those from the 19th and early 20th centuries, were deemed unworthy of conservation until the 1970s, and were in part used in the "Bricks for Warsaw" campaign (an effort to rebuild Warsaw after it had been systematically razed following the Warsaw Uprising): with 38 million bricks, Szczecin became Poland's largest brick supplier.{{cite book|last=Musekamp|first=Jan|chapter=Der Königsplatz in Stettin als Beispiel kultureller Aneignung nach 1945|title=Wiedergewonnene Geschichte. Zur Aneignung von Vergangenheit in den Zwischenräumen Mitteleuropas|volume=22|series=Veröffentlichungen des Deutschen Polen-Instituts Darmstadt|editor1-first=Peter Oliver|editor1-last=Loew|editor2-first=Christian|editor2-last=Pletzing|editor3-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Serrier|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|year=2006|isbn=3-447-05297-X|language=de|pages=19–35; p. 28}} The Old Town was rebuilt in the late 1990s, with new buildings, some of which were reconstructions of buildings destroyed in World War{{nbsp}}II.

The Gothic monuments preserved to this day are parts of European Route of Brick Gothic, along with monuments of other Pomeranian cities, e.g. Stargard, Kamień Pomorski, Sławno and Chełmno.

A portion of the Szczecin Landscape Park in the forest of Puszcza Bukowa lies within Szczecin's boundaries.

Szczecin contains 28 extant historic water pumps, known as Szczecin pumps or Berliners, which are a popular tourist attraction due to their colorful and intricate design.{{cite web|url=https://gs24.pl/zabytkowe-pompy-w-szczecinie-pieknieja/ar/4964706|title=Zabytkowe pompy w Szczecinie pięknieją|language=pl|website=gs24.pl|date=30 July 2014 |access-date=29 June 2021}}

File:Szczecin 05-2017 img06 Rynek.jpg|Façades in the rebuilt old town

File:Pałac pod Globusem w Szczecinie - panoramio (cropped).jpg|Globe Palace

File:1 Krzywoustego Street in Szczecin, April 2022.jpg|Tenement house at Vicory Square

File:Velthusen Palace in Szczecin, 2018.jpg|Velthusen Palace

File:Bogusława X Street in Szczecin, 2022.jpg|Bogusław X Street

File:Szczecin plac Grunwaldzki dron (1).jpg|Grunwald Square

File:Szczecin urzad miejski2 (cropped).jpg

File:Szczecin administrative division 2010.png

The city is administratively divided into districts (Polish: dzielnica), which are further divided into smaller neighbourhoods. The governing bodies of the latter serve the role of auxiliary local government bodies called Neighbourhood Councils (Polish: Rady Osiedla). Elections for neighbourhood councils are held up to six months after each City Council election. Voter turnout is rather low (on 20{{nbsp}}May 2007 it ranged from 1.03% to 27.75% and was 3.78% on average). Councillors are responsible mostly for small infrastructure like trees, park benches, playgrounds, etc. Other functions are mostly advisory.

• Dzielnica Śródmieście (City Centre) includes: Centrum, Drzetowo-Grabowo, Łękno, Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka, Niebuszewo-Bolinko, Nowe Miasto, Stare Miasto, Śródmieście-Północ, Śródmieście-Zachód, Turzyn.
• Dzielnica Północ (North) includes: Bukowo, Golęcino-Gocław, Niebuszewo, Skolwin, Stołczyn, Warszewo, Żelechowa.
• Dzielnica Zachód (West) includes: Arkońskie-Niemierzyn, Głębokie-Pilchowo, Gumieńce, Krzekowo-Bezrzecze, Osów, Pogodno, Pomorzany, Świerczewo, Zawadzkiego-Klonowica.
• Dzielnica Prawobrzeże (Right-Bank) includes: Bukowe-Klęskowo, Dąbie, Kijewo, Osiedle Majowe, Osiedle Słoneczne, Płonia-Śmierdnica-Jezierzyce, Podjuchy, Wielgowo-Sławociesze, Załom, Zdroje, Żydowce-Klucz.

{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2023}}

Babin, Barnucin, Basen Górniczy, Błędów, Boleszyce, Bystrzyk, Cieszyce, Cieśnik, Dolina, Drzetowo, Dunikowo, Glinki, Grabowo, Jezierzyce, Kaliny, Kępa Barnicka, Kijewko, Kluczewko, Kłobucko, Kniewo, Kraśnica, Krzekoszów, Lotnisko, Łasztownia, Niemierzyn, Odolany, Oleszna, Podbórz, Port, os.Przyjaźni, Rogatka, Rudnik, Sienna, Skoki, Słowieńsko, Sosnówko, Starków, Stoki, Struga, Śmierdnica, os.Świerczewskie, Trzebusz, Urok, Widok, Zdunowo.

{{Historical populations

| footnote = source {{cite web | url=https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Szczecin | title=Szczecin (Zachodniopomorskie) » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, noclegi, szkoły, regon, atrakcje, kody pocztowe, wypadki drogowe, bezrobocie, wynagrodzenie, zarobki, tabele, edukacja, demografia }}{{cite web |title=Demographic and occupational structure and housing conditions of the urban population in 1978-1988|url=https://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/RQ1U9XAX48KJJDQ54QSAFQKQ6AK6GS.pdf}}{{cite web |title=Statistics Poland - National Censuses|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/podgrup/temat/}}

|1600|5000

|1720 |6081

|1740 |12300

|1812 |21255

|1840 |35300

|1852 |48028

|1861 |58487

|1872 |76000

|1885 |99543

|1905 |224119

|1939 |383000

|1946 |72948

|1950 |178907

|1960 |269318

|1970|338000

|1978|384948|1988|410331|2002|415399|2011|410131|2021|396168}}

Since the 12th-century Christianization of the city, the majority of the population were Catholics, then since the Renaissance era, up to the end of World War II, the vast majority of the population were Lutheran Protestants, and since 1945, the majority are again Catholics. Historically, the number of inhabitants doubled from 6,081 in 1720,Kratz (1865), [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_g2sRAAAAYAAJ/page/n499 p. 405] to 12,360 in 1740, and reached 21,255 in 1812, with only 476 Catholics and 5 Jews. By 1852 the population was 48,028, and 58,487 ten years later (1861), including 1,065 Catholics and 1,438 Jews. In 1885, it was 99,543, and by 1905 it ballooned to 224,119 settlers (incl. the military), among them 209,152 Protestants, 8,635 Catholics and 3,010 Jews.Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. 6th edition, vol.{{nbsp}}19, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p.{{nbsp}}9 (in German). In 1939, the number of inhabitants reached 268,421 persons according to German sources including 233,424 Protestants, 10,845 Catholics, and 1,102 Jews.Der Große Brockhaus. 15th edition, vol.{{nbsp}}18, Leipzig 1934, p.{{nbsp}}153 (in German) The current population of Szczecin by comparison was 406,427 in 2009. Following the Revolution of Dignity, Szczecin, much like most other major urban centers in Poland, saw an unprecedented influx of foreign nationals, an overwhelming majority of them Ukrainians; in July 2017 26 thousand of them were officially registered as living and working in Szczecin, with unofficial estimates going as high as 50 thousand, thus making up more than 10% of the city's inhabitants.{{Cite web|url=https://szczecin.onet.pl/ponad-26-tysiecy-ukraincow-mieszka-w-szczecinie-radny-chce-pelnomocnika/p3wfj5l|title=Ponad 26 tysięcy Ukraińców mieszka w Szczecinie. Radny chce pełnomocnika|last=Wirwicka|first=Alicja|date=18 July 2017|website=Onet.pl|access-date=11 April 2019}}

;Number of inhabitants over the centuries

ImageSize = width:1100 height:320

PlotArea = left:50 right:20 top:25 bottom:30

TimeAxis = orientation:vertical

AlignBars = late

Colors =

id:linegrey2 value:gray(0.9)

id:linegrey value:gray(0.7)

id:cobar value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.8)

id:cobar2 value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6)

DateFormat = yyyy

Period = from:0 till:420000

ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:50000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey

ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey2

PlotData =

color:cobar width:20 align:center

bar:XII from:0 till:5000

bar:1720 from:0 till:6000

bar:1740 from:0 till:12300

bar:1810 from:0 till:20700

bar:1840 from:0 till:35300

bar:1861 from:0 till:58500

bar:1872 from:0 till:76000

bar:1890 from:0 till:116200

bar:1910 from:0 till:236000

bar:1939 from:0 till:383000

bar:1945 from:0 till:26000

bar:1946 from:0 till:72948

bar:1950 from:0 till:178907

bar:1955 from:0 till:229462

bar:1960 from:0 till:269318

bar:1965 from:0 till:312013

bar:1978 from:0 till:384900

bar:1988 from:0 till:410296

bar:1994 color:cobar2 from:0 till:419608

bar:2002 from:0 till:415117

bar:2009 from:0 till:406307

bar:2014 from:0 till:407180

PlotData=

textcolor:black fontsize:S

bar:XII at: 5000 text: 5,0 shift:(0)

bar:1720 at: 6000 text: 6,0 shift:(0)

bar:1740 at: 12300 text: 12,3 shift:(0)

bar:1810 at: 20700 text: 20,7 shift:(0)

bar:1840 at: 35300 text: 35,3 shift:(0)

bar:1861 at: 58500 text: 58,5 shift:(0)

bar:1872 at: 76000 text: 76,0 shift:(0)

bar:1890 at: 116200 text: 116,2 shift:(0)

bar:1910 at: 236000 text: 236,0 shift:(0)

bar:1939 at: 383000 text: 383,0 shift:(0)

bar:1945 at: 26000 text: 26,0 shift:(0)

bar:1946 at: 72948 text: 72,9 shift:(0)

bar:1950 at: 178907 text: 178,9 shift:(0)

bar:1955 at: 229462 text: 229,4 shift:(0)

bar:1960 at: 269318 text: 269,3 shift:(0)

bar:1965 at: 312013 text: 312,0 shift:(0)

bar:1978 at: 384900 text: 384,9 shift:(0)

bar:1988 at: 410296 text: 410,3 shift:(0)

bar:1994 at: 419608 text: 419,6 shift:(0)

bar:2002 at: 415117 text: 415,1 shift:(0)

bar:2009 at: 406307 text: 406,3 shift:(0)

bar:2014 at: 407180 text: 407,1 shift:(0)

File:Szczecin Urzad Wojewodzki dron (1).jpg]]

Recently{{When|date=February 2024}}, the city has favoured the centre right Civic Platform. Nearly two-thirds (64.54%) of votes cast in the second round of the 2010 presidential election went to the Civic Platform's Bronisław Komorowski,{{cite web|url=http://prezydent2010.pkw.gov.pl/PZT/EN/WYN/W/326201.htm |title=Election 2010 |publisher=Prezydent2010.pkw.gov.pl |access-date=12 March 2013}} and in the following year's Polish parliamentary election the party won 46.75% of the vote in the Szczecin constituency with Law and Justice second garnering 21.66% and Palikot's Movement third with 11.8%.{{cite web |url=http://www.nsd.uib.no/european_election_database/country/poland/ |title=European Election Database (EED) |publisher=Nsd.uib.no |access-date=12 March 2013 |archive-date=24 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224123956/http://www.nsd.uib.no/european_election_database/country/poland/ |url-status=dead }}

• Sławomir Nitras, PO, former MP in the Polish lower house of Parliament.
• Bogusław Liberadzki, SLD-UP, economist, former Minister of Transport.
• Marek Gróbarczyk, PiS, engineer and manager, Minister of Maritime Economy.

File:Muzeum Techniki i Komunikacji Szczecin (1).jpg

• National Museum in Szczecin ({{langx|pl|Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie}}) is the largest cultural institution in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It has branches:
• The Main Building of Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie, Wały Chrobrego 3 Street.{{cite web|url=http://www.muzeum.szczecin.pl/|title=Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie}}
• Szczecin's History Museum (Polish Muzeum Historii Szczecina) in the Old Town Hall, Szczecin, Księcia Mściwoja II Street.
• The Old Art Gallery of the National Museum, Staromłyńska Street 27.
• The Museum of Contemporary Art, Staromłyńska 1 Street.
• The Narrow Gauge Railway Exhibition in Gryfice
• Planned investments: Dialogue Center Breakthroughs (Polish Centrum Dialogu Przełomy){{cite web|url=http://www.przelomy.muzeum.szczecin.pl/|title=Centrum Dialogu PRZEŁOMY MUZEUM NARODOWE W SZCZECINIE}} and Maritime Science Centre (Polish Muzeum Morskie{{snds}}Centrum Nauki).
• Literature Museum (Polish Muzeum Literatury){{cite web |url=http://www.ksiaznica.szczecin.pl/www/muzeum-literatury |title=Książnica Pomorska – Muzeum Literatury |publisher=Ksiaznica.szczecin.pl |access-date=2011-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901134318/http://ksiaznica.szczecin.pl/www/muzeum-literatury |archive-date=1 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}
• EUREKA – the miracles of science.{{cite web |url = http://eureka.univ.szczecin.pl/ |title = eureka.univ.szczecin.pl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031016083341/http://eureka.univ.szczecin.pl/ |archive-date=16 October 2003 |url-status=dead}}
• The Castle Museum (Polish Muzeum Zamkowe) in the Pomeranian Dukes' Castle, Szczecin.
• Museum of Technology and Transport (Polish Muzeum Techniki i Komunikacji{{snds}}Zajezdnia Sztuki).{{cite web|url=http://www.muzeumtechniki.eu/|title=Muzeum Techniki i Komunikacji – Zajezdnia Sztuki w Szczecinie}}

{{multiple image

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| width = 220

| image1 = Szczecin filharmonia (2).jpg

| image2 = Szczecin filharmonia (1).jpg

| caption2 = Interior of the Szczecin Philharmonic, which opened in 2014

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There are a few theatres and cinemas in Szczecin:

• The Castle Cinema (Polish Kino Zamek)
• Pionier 1909 Cinema (Polish Kino Pionier 1909)
• Kana Theatre (Polish Teatr Kana)
• Modern Theatre (Polish Teatr Współczesny)
• Opera in the Castle (Polish Opera na Zamku)
• Polish Theatre in Szczecin (Polish Teatr Polski w Szczecinie)
• The Cellar by the Vault Cabaret (Polish Kabaret Piwnica przy Krypcie)
• The Crypt Theatre (Polish Teatr Krypta)
• The Pleciuga Puppetry Theatre{{cite web|url=http://bip.pleciuga.pl/index.php|title=Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej Teatru Lalek Pleciuga w Szczecinie}} (Polish Teatr Lalek Pleciuga)
• The Niema Theatre (Polish Teatr Niema)
• Szczecin Philharmonic

and many historic places as:

• Bismarck tower Szczecin
• (ruins of) The Quistorp's Tower (Polish Wieża Quistorpa)
• Napoleon mound (at the intersection of Klonowica Street and Unii Lubelskiej Street)

The statue, Monument of Sailor stands at the Grunwald Square at John Paul II Avenue.

File:1104 Pasztecik Szczeciński.JPG

The local cuisine in Szczecin was mostly shaped in the mid-20th century by people who settled in the city from other parts and regions of Poland, including the former Eastern Borderlands.{{cite web|url=http://szczecin.eska.pl/poznaj-miasto/czym-wyroznia-sie-kuchnia-szczecinska-czy-znasz-te-przysmaki-top-9-galeria/150066|title=Czym wyróżnia się kuchnia szczecińska? Czy znasz te przysmaki? [TOP 9, GALERIA] - szczecin.eskainfo.pl|access-date=24 March 2018|archive-date=9 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609192805/http://szczecin.eska.pl/poznaj-miasto/czym-wyroznia-sie-kuchnia-szczecinska-czy-znasz-te-przysmaki-top-9-galeria/150066|url-status=dead}} The most renowned dishes of the area are pasztecik szczeciński and paprykarz szczeciński.{{cite web|url=http://www.szczecin.info-migrator.pl/informacje-o-miescie-szczecinie/kuchnia-szczecinska|title=Kuchnia szczecińska - Info Migrator Szczecin|access-date=24 March 2018|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324101805/http://www.szczecin.info-migrator.pl/informacje-o-miescie-szczecinie/kuchnia-szczecinska|url-status=dead}} Other local traditional foods and drinks include Szczecin gingerbread and beer.

Pasztecik szczeciński is a deep-fried yeast dough traditionally stuffed with minced meat (pork and beef) or vegetarian filling - cheese and mushrooms or cabbage and mushrooms, served in specialised bars as a fast food. The first bar serving pasztecik szczeciński, Bar "Pasztecik", founded in 1969, is located on Wojska Polskiego Avenue 46 in the centre of Szczecin. Pasztecik szczeciński is usually served with clear red borscht.

Paprykarz szczeciński is a paste made by mixing fish paste (around 50%) with rice, onion, tomato concentrate, vegetable oil, salt and a mixture of spices including chili powder to put it on a sandwich. It is available in most grocery stores in the country.

File:Pierniki Szczecinskie (Poznan Smaki Regionów 2017).jpg

Szczecin gingerbread (pierniki szczecińskie) is a traditional local gingerbread glazed with chocolate or sugar with decorations mostly referring either to the city's architecture or to maritime motifs.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/pierniki-szczecinskie|title=Pierniki szczecińskie|website=Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl|access-date=15 May 2021|language=pl}}

Szczecin beer (piwo szczecińskie) includes various types of traditional local Polish beer: light, amber, and wheat beer.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/rolnictwo/piwo-szczecinskie|title=Piwo szczecińskie|website=Ministerstwo Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi - Portal Gov.pl|access-date=15 May 2021|language=pl}} The city's brewing traditions go back over a thousand years.

The word "szczeciński" or "szczecińskie" in the names of the products is an adjective from the name of the city of Szczecin, the place of its origin.

File:Szczecin Stadion Miejski dron (1).jpg

File:Arena Azoty Szczecin (cropped).jpg

File:POL Szczecin-MSLWM(wgł).jpg

There are many popular professional sports teams in Szczecin area. The most popular sport today is probably football thanks to Pogoń Szczecin. Amateur sports are played by thousands of Szczecin citizens and also in schools of all levels (elementary, secondary, university).

Other notable teams:

• Arkonia Szczecin – football team, which competes in the lower divisions, but played in the top division in the past, and one of the most successful Polish water polo clubs
• KS Stal Szczecin – 15 youth and junior teams, 1{{nbsp}}senior, being in 4th regional league in the 2008/2009 season
• KS Piast Szczecin – women's volleyball team, (Seria{{nbsp}}A in the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 seasons)
• Łącznościowiec Szczecin - women's handball team
• OSoT Szczecin - trains Polish and foreign pole jumpers
• SEJK Pogoń Szczecin - sailing team
• Wicher Warszewo – futsal team playing in Środowiskowa Liga Futsalu (Futsal League){{snds}}two regional Futsal League: 2nd place in 2006/2007 season{{snds}}promotion in the first regional Futsal League
• Husaria Szczecin – A karate kyoukishin and diving sports club
• Szczecin Dukes – senior baseball team

As can be seen above, many teams in Szczecin are named after Pogoń Lwów, a team from the Eastern Borderlands.

• Halowa Amatorska Liga Pilkarska – Hall Amateur Football League{{cite web|url=http://www.halp.com.pl/|title=HALP Szczecin|access-date=20 September 2011|archive-date=1 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201152137/http://www.halp.com.pl/|url-status=dead}}
• Halowa Liga Pilki Noznej – Hall Football League
• Szczecinska Liga Amatorskiej Koszykowki – Szczecin Amateur Basketball League[http://www.infoludek.pl/slak infoludek.pl/slak] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040623211410/http://www.infoludek.pl/slak |date=23 June 2004 }}
• Szczecinska Amatorska Liga Pilki Siatkowej – Szczecin Amateur Volleyball League{{cite web|url=http://www.salps.home.pl/|title=salps.home.pl|work=home.pl|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028002758/http://www.salps.home.pl/|archive-date=28 October 2007}} – women league, 1st, 2nd and 3rd men league
• Elita Professional Sport – Elita Hall Football League[http://www.futsal.szczecina.pl/ futsal.szczecina.pl] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210193823/https://www.futsal.szczecina.pl/ |date=10 February 2008 }} – 1st and 2nd league, futsal cup
• Kaskada Szczecin Rugby Club – club rugby{{cite web|url=http://www.kaskada.szczecin.pl/|title=Drewno najlepszy naturalny surowiec|access-date=20 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929184118/http://www.kaskada.szczecin.pl/|archive-date=29 September 2011|url-status=dead}} – 7 and 15 league, rugby cup

Every year in September the men's tennis tournament Pekao Szczecin Open is held in Szczecin. In August, a marathon is organized in Szczecin.

File:Port Szczecin rejon przeladunkow drobnicowych.jpg]]

File:Moderus Beta MF 29 AC BD 622, tram line 7, Szczecin, 2021.jpg tram, in the city's green and white livery]]

File:S3 Goleniow.jpg links Szczecin with its airport (at Goleniów) and Baltic ferry terminal (in Świnoujście), as well as with the major cities of Western Poland to the south – Gorzów Wielkopolski and Zielona Góra.]]

Szczecin is a center of the maritime economy; it employs 13279 people. The seaport of Szczecin serves shipowners from all over the world and is the home port of two shipping companies: Polsteam and Euroafrica. In addition, other maritime-related companies are headquartered here.

In 2013, a subzone of the Szczecin-Kostrzyn-Slubice Special Economic Zone was established.{{Cite web |title=Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 13 sierpnia 2013 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie kostrzyńsko-słubickiej specjalnej strefy ekonomicznej |url=https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20130001095 |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=isap.sejm.gov.pl}}

As of September 2016, the number of registered unemployed in Szczecin included about 8,400 residents, representing an unemployment rate of 5.0% to the economically active population.{{Cite web |last=GUS |title=Liczba bezrobotnych zarejestrowanych oraz stopa bezrobocia według województw, podregionów i powiatów. Stan w końcu września 2016 r. |url=https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/rynek-pracy/bezrobocie-rejestrowane/liczba-bezrobotnych-zarejestrowanych-oraz-stopa-bezrobocia-wedlug-wojewodztw-podregionow-i-powiatow-stan-w-koncu-wrzesnia-2016-r-,2,50.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=stat.gov.pl |language=pl}}

The average employee salary in October 2012 was PLN 3807.73, with the number of employed workers in Szczecin - 90,754 people. According to data from the District Labor Office in Szczecin, effective 1 January 2023, the minimum wage is PLN 3490, while the average salary of residents of the capital of West Pomerania is at PLN 6733.49.{{Cite web |title=Praca Szczecin - oferty pracy w Szczecinie |url=https://www.praca.pl/szczecin.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Portal Praca.pl |language=pl}}

In 2009, the average gross monthly salary in the enterprise sector in Szczecin was PLN 3439.94.

Szczecin's GDP is PLN 20.255 billion, which is 1/3 of the GDP of the entire province. There are 49497 zlotys per capita, about 40% more than the result for the province.

Szczecin is served by Solidarity Szczecin–Goleniów Airport, which is {{convert|47|km|0|abbr=off}} northeast of central Szczecin. There is also a grass airstrip within city limits, the Szczecin-Dąbie Airstrip.

{{Main|Trams in Szczecin}}

Szczecin has a tram network comprising 12 tram lines serving 95 tram stops and measuring {{convert|110.77|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} in length. Tram transport is operated by the Tramwaje Szczecińskie (TS).

Szczecin's first horse tram opened in 1879, running from Gałczyńskiego Square to Staszica Street. In 1896, the first line using electric traction was opened. By 1900, the horse trams had been entirely replaced by electric trams.

{{Main|Bus transport in Szczecin}}

Szczecin has a bus network of 70 bus routes. Bus transport is operated by 4{{nbsp}}companies: SPA Dąbie, SPA Klonowica, SPPK and PKS Szczecin.

Of all bus routes, 50 lines are designated as normal. At nighttime, Szczecin is served by a night bus network of 16 routes. There are also 7{{nbsp}}express bus lines, which do not serve all stops on their route.

The recently upgraded A6 motorway serves as the southern bypass of the city, and connects to the German A11 autobahn (portions of which are currently undergoing upgrade), from where one can reach Berlin in about 90 minutes (about {{convert|150|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}). Other important highways are the S3 Expressway, linking Szczecin with the more southern cities of Gorzów Wielkopolski, Zielona Góra and Legnica, and the S6 Expressway, connecting Szczecin with Koszalin (and eventually Gdańsk once the easternmost section is completed). Through intersections with other highways, Szczecin has convenient highway connections with a number of other major Polish cities, such as Poznań, Łódź, Wrocław, Katowice, Warsaw and Kraków. Also planned is the construction of the S10 highway to connect the city with Bydgoszcz, Toruń, Płock and Warsaw.

File:Szczecin Glowny dron (2).jpg]]

The main railway station{{snds}}Szczecin Główny railway station{{snds}}is situated in the city centre (Kolumba Street). Szczecin has good railway connections with "Solidarity" Szczecin–Goleniów Airport and the rest of Poland, e.g., Świnoujście, Kołobrzeg, Poznań, Wrocław, Warsaw and Gdańsk. Szczecin is also connected with Germany (Berlin (Gesundbrunnen) and through Pasewalk to Neubrandenburg and Lübeck), but only by two single-track, non-electrified lines. Because of this, the rail connection between Berlin and Szczecin is much slower and less convenient than what is typical for two European cities of that size and proximity.

The Port of Szczecin is the third largest port in Poland and handles over 32{{nbsp}}million tons of cargo annually.{{Cite web |url=https://port.szczecin.pl/en/ports/history-of-ports/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=port.szczecin.pl}} This is a harbour of the Baltic Sea and the Oder river.

File:Szczecin pomnik Jana Czekanowskiego.jpg, president of Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists (1923–1924), at the General Władysław Anders Square]]

• University of Szczecin (Polish: Uniwersytet Szczeciński), with 35,000 students; rector: Waldemar Tarczyński
• West Pomeranian University of Technology ({{langx|pl|Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny}})
• Pomeranian Medical University (Polish: Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny)
• Art Academy of Szczecin (Polish: Akademia Sztuki)
• Maritime University of Szczecin (Polish: Akademia Morska w Szczecinie)
• WSB Merito Universities – WSB Merito University in Poznań,[http://www.wsb.pl/english/about-wsb-group/wsb-poznan WSB University in Poznań] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301124949/http://www.wsb.pl/english/about-wsb-group/wsb-poznan |date=1 March 2016 }} – WSB Universities departments of Economics
• The West Pomeranian Business School (Polish: Zachodniopomorska Szkoła Biznesu)
• Higher School of Public Administration in Szczecin (Polish: Wyższa Szkoła Administracji Publicznej w Szczecinie)
• High Theological Seminary in Szczecin (Polish: Arcybiskupie Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Szczecinie)
• Higher School of Applied Arts (Polish: Wyższa Szkoła Sztuki Użytkowej)
• Academy of European Integration (Polish: Wyższa Szkoła Integracji Europejskiej)
• Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomiczno-Turystyczna
• Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna TWP
• Wyższa Szkoła Języków Obcych
• Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna
• Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa - Collegium Balticum
• Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa "OECONOMICUS" PTE
• Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania
• Bangor University

File:Szczecin akademia medyczna.jpg|Pomeranian Medical University

File:37 Sikorskiego Street in Szczecin, 2022.jpg|West Pomeranian University of Technology

File:Szczecin Akademia Morska dron (1).jpg|Maritime University of Szczecin

File:Faculty of Humanities, University od Szczecin, Piastów Avenue, January 2023.jpg|University of Szczecin, Faculty of Humanities

• Western Pomeranian Institute (Polish: Instytut Zachodnio-Pomorski)
• Szczecin Scientific Society (Polish: Szczecińskie Towarzystwo Naukowe)
• local branches of Polish scientific societies in many disciplines, including Polish Philosophical Society, Polish Historical Society, Polish Philological Society, Polish Mathematical Society, Polish Economic Society, Polish Geographical Society, Polish Copernicus Society of Naturalists, Polish Phytopathological Society, Polish Parasitological Society and many medical societies
• local branches of students' societies, e.g., AIESEC, International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (IFMSA) and Polish Association of Dental Students

File:Katharina-II-von-Russland.jpg

{{Main|List of people of Szczecin}}

Over the long course of its history Szczecin has been a place of birth and of residence for many famous individuals, including Empress Catherine the Great of Russia, composer Carl Loewe, writer Alfred Döblin, actress Dita Parlo, mathematician Hermann Günther Grassmann, Roman Catholic priest Carl Lampert, poet Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński, Helena Majdaniec – "the queen of Polish Twist", and singer Violetta Villas.

{{multiple image|align=right|caption_align=center|perrow=2|total_width=330

| image1 = Szczecin al Wojska Polskiego 65 willa.jpg

| image2 = 23 Rayskiego Street in Szczecin, July 2023 10.jpg

| footer = Honorary consulates of Italy and Lithuania}}

There are 15 honorary consulates in Szczecin, of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Sweden and Ukraine.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja/misje-dyplomatyczne-urzedy-konsularne-i-organizacje-miedzynarodowe-w-polsce|title=Misje dyplomatyczne, urzędy konsularne i organizacje międzynarodowe w Polsce|website=Portal Gov.pl|language=pl|access-date=20 September 2024}}

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

Szczecin is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Miasta partnerskie Miasta Szczecin|url=https://bip.um.szczecin.pl/chapter_11296.asp|website=szczecin.pl|publisher=Szczecin|language=pl|access-date=2023-01-14}}

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

• Bari, Italy
• Bremerhaven, Germany
• Dnipro, Ukraine
• Esbjerg, Denmark
• Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg (Berlin), Germany
• Greifswald, Germany

• Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom
• Klaipėda, Lithuania

• Malmö, Sweden
• Rostock, Germany
• St. Louis, United States

{{div col end}}

{{Portal|Poland|European Union}}

• Towns near Szczecin: Stargard, Police, Gryfino, Goleniów, Pyrzyce, Cedynia, Chojna, Mieszkowice, Moryń, Trzcińsko-Zdrój, Nowe Warpno, Penkun (Germany), Pasewalk (Germany), Eggesin (Germany), Gartz (Germany)
• Villages near Szczecin: Kolbacz, Przęsocin, Kołbaskowo
• Szczecin Lagoon
• Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka
• Wkrzanska Forest
• Central Cemetery in Szczecin
• Ostrów Grabowski, an Oder river island in Szczecin
• Bystry Rów, a stream in Niebuszewo
• Gacek, a popular cat from Szczecin

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{See also|Timeline of Szczecin#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Szczecin}}

• Encyclopedia of Szczecin. Vol. I, A–O. Szczecin: University of Szczecin, 1999. {{ISBN|83-87341-45-2}} (pl).
• Encyclopedia of Szczecin. Vol. II, P–Ż. Szczecin: University of Szczecin, 2000. {{ISBN|83-7241-089-5}} (pl).
• Jan M. Piskorski, Bogdan Wachowiak, Edward Włodarczyk, A short history of Szczecin, Poznań, 2002. {{ISBN|83-7063-332-3}} (pl).
• Petre, F. Loraine. Napoleon's Conquest of Prussia 1806. London: Lionel Leventhal Ltd., 1993 (1907). {{ISBN|1-85367-145-2}}.
• {{in lang|de}} Jan Musekamp: Zwischen Stettin und Szczecin{{snds}}Metamorphosen einer Stadt von 1945 bis 2001 (Between Stettin and Szczecin{{snds}}a town's metamorphoses from 1945 to 2005). Wiesbaden, 2010 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=Tey6mM1RCs0C&pg=PR1 restricted online preview]), there is also a Polish edition Między Stettinem a Szczecinem. Metamorfoza miasta od 1945 do 2005.
• {{in lang|de}} Martin Wehrmann: Geschichte der Stadt Stettin. Stettin, 1911 (reprinted in 1993 by Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg. {{ISBN|3-89350-119-3}}).
• {{in lang|de}} W. H. Meyer: Stettin in alter und neuer Zeit (Stettin in ancient and modern times). Stettin, 1887.
• {{in lang|de}} Gustav Kratz: Die Städte der Provinz Pommern{{snds}}Abriss ihrer Geschichte, zumeist nach Urkunden (The towns of the Province of Pomerania{{snds}}Sketch of their history, mostly according to historical records). Berlin, 1865 (reprinted in 2010 by Kessinger Publishing, U.S.A., {{ISBN|1-161-12969-3}}), pp.{{nbsp}}376–412 ([https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_g2sRAAAAYAAJ/page/n470 online]).
• {{in lang|de}} Fr. Thiede: Chronik der Stadt Stettin{{snds}}Bearbeitet nach Urkunden und bewährtesten historischen Nachrichten (Chronicle of the town of Stettin{{snds}}Worked out according to documents and reliable historical records). Stettin, 1849 ([https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_E_wAAAAAcAAJ online]).

{{Commons|Szczecin}}

{{Wikivoyage inline|Szczecin}}

• [http://www.szczecin.eu/ Szczecin City Official website (in Polish, some material available in English, German)]
• [https://tripycal.com/posts/Mesmering-Szczecin-One-day-city-exploring-651471fa70e1f6e7669f5f81 Mesmering Szczecin. One day city exploring]
• [https://polnische-ostsee-urlaub.de/stettin/ Szczecin Info Page in German]

{{Principal cities of Poland}}

{{West Pomeranian Voivodeship|state=autocollapse}}

{{Pomerania}}

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Category:Port cities and towns in Poland

Category:Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea

Category:City counties of Poland

Category:Cities and towns in West Pomeranian Voivodeship

Category:Members of the Hanseatic League

Category:Magdeburg rights

Category:Holocaust locations in Poland

Category:Populated places established in the 8th century

Category:Populated riverside places in Poland

Category:Capitals of former nations