voiced palatal lateral approximant

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʎ⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol = ʎ

|ipa number = 157

|decimal = 654

|xsampa = L

|braille = hh

|braille2 = 13456

|imagefile = IPA Unicode 0x028E.svg

|imagesize = 150px

}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol = l̠ʲ

|ipa symbol2 = ʎ̟

}}

The voiced palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ʎ}}, a rotated lowercase letter {{angbr|y}}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.

Many languages that were previously thought to have a palatal lateral approximant actually have a lateral approximant that is, broadly, alveolo-palatal; that is to say, it is articulated at a place in-between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate (excluded), and it may be variously described as alveolo-palatal, lamino-postalveolar,{{Harvcoltxt|Recasens|2013|p=2}}, citing {{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|1997|p=602}} or postalveolo-prepalatal.{{sfnp|Recasens|Farnetani|Fontdevila|Pallarès|1993|p=222}} None of the 13 languages investigated by {{Harvcoltxt|Recasens|2013}}, many of them Romance, has a 'true' palatal.{{sfnp|Recasens|2013|p=11}} That is likely the case for several other languages listed here. Some languages, like Portuguese and Catalan, have a lateral approximant that varies between alveolar and alveolo-palatal.{{sfnp|Recasens|2013|pp=10–13}}

There is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the alveolo-palatal lateral approximant. If precision is desired, it may be transcribed {{angbr IPA|l̠ʲ}} or {{angbr IPA|ʎ̟}}; they are essentially equivalent because the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. There is also a non-IPA letter {{unichar|0234}}; {{color|gray|{{angbr IPA|ȴ}}}} ("l", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives {{angle brackets|{{IPA link|ɕ}}, {{IPA link|ʑ}}}}) used especially in Sinological circles.

The voiced palatal lateral approximant contrasts phonemically with its voiceless counterpart {{IPA|/ʎ̥/}} in the Xumi language spoken in China.{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|pp=365, 367–368}}{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|pp=382–383}}

Features

{{multiple image

| width = upright

| footer = Cased forms of the IPA letter in the Pilagá alphabet. The capital is not supported by Unicode.

| image1 = Capital turned Y.svg

| alt1 = Capital letter turned y

| image2 = IPA Unicode 0x028E.svg

| alt2 = Small letter turned y

}}

Features of the voiced palatal lateral approximant:

Occurrence

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
rowspan=3 \| Albanian{{cite journal\|last1=Dedvukaj\|first1=Lindon\|last2=Ndoci\|first2=Rexhina\|title=Linguistic variation within the Northwestern Gheg Albanian dialect\|journal=Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America\|publisher=Linguistic Society of America\|doi=10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5501\|volume=8\|number=1\|year=2023\|doi-access=free\|page=7}}	Malsia e Madhe	rowspan=3 \| {{lang\|sq\|lule\|italic=yes}}	rowspan= 3 \| {{IPA\|[ˈʎuʎɛ]}}	rowspan=3 \| 'flower'	rowspan=3 \|
Arbëresh
Arvanitika
colspan=2\| Aragonese	{{lang\|an-Latn\|agulla\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[a̠ˈɣuʎa̠]}}	'needle'
colspan=2\| Aromanian	{{lang\|rup\|ljepuri\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʎe̞puri]}}	'rabbit'
rowspan=3 \| Astur-Leonese	Asturian	rowspan=2 \| {{lang\|ast\|llingua\|italic=yes}}	rowspan=2 \| {{IPA\|[ˈʎĩŋɡwa̝]}}	rowspan=3 \| 'language'	rowspan=3 \| Where {{IPA\|/ʎ/}} is absent and replaced by different sounds (depending on dialect), a phenomenon known as {{lang\|ast\|che vaqueira}}, its corresponding sounds are spelled {{angbr\|ḷḷ}}.
Leonese
Mirandese	{{lang\|ast\|lhéngua\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʎɛ̃ɡwɐ]}}
colspan=2\| Aymara	{{lang\|ay\|llaki}}	{{IPA\|[ʎaki]}}	'sad'
colspan=2\| Basque	{{lang\|eu\|bonbilla\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[bo̞mbiʎa̠]}}	'bulb'
colspan=2\| Breton	{{lang\|br\|familh\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[fa̠miʎ]}}	'family'
colspan=2\| Bulgarian	{{lang\|bg\|любов}}	{{IPA\|[ʎuˈbof]}}	'love'	Alveolo-palatal. See Bulgarian phonology
rowspan=2\| Catalan	Standard	{{lang\|ca\|llac\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʎäk]}}	'lake'	Alveolo-palatal.{{sfnp\|Recasens\|Farnetani\|Fontdevila\|Pallarès\|1993\|p=222}} See Catalan phonology
Eastern Aragon	{{lang\|ca\|clau\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʎäw]}}	'key'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/l/}} in consonant clusters.
colspan="2" \|Chipaya \|lloqa \| {{IPA\|[ʎoqa]}} \|'bank' \|See Chipaya languages
rowspan=12\|English	Australian	rowspan=11 \| {{lang\|en\|million\|italic=yes}}	rowspan=11 \| {{IPA\|[ˈmɪʎən]}}	rowspan=11 \| 'million'	rowspan=2 \| Frequent realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/lj/}}
Canadian (Atlantic and Newfoundland)
County Donegal{{Harvcoltxt\|Stenson\|1991}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Hickey\|2004\|p=71}}	Realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/lj/}}.
General American{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=490}}	Common realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/lj/}}; sometimes realized as {{IPA\|[jj]}}.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=490}} See English phonology
Hiberno-English	rowspan=7\|Common realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/lj/}}
New England
New York City
New Zealand
Received Pronunciation
South African
Southern American
Philippine	{{lang\|en\|gorilla\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[goˈɾɪʎɐ]}}	'gorilla'	Common realization of {{angbr\|ll}} between vowels due to Spanish influence.{{cn\|date=February 2024}}
colspan=2\| Enindhilyagwa	{{lang\|aoi-Latn\|angalya}}	{{IPA\|[aŋal̠ʲa]}}	'place'	Laminal post-alveolar
colspan=2 \| Faroese{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=115}}	{{lang\|fo\|telgja\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtʰɛʎt͡ʃa]}}	'to carve'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/l/}} before palatal consonants.{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=115}} Sometimes voiceless {{IPAblink\|ʎ̥}}.{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=115}} See Faroese phonology
colspan=2\| Franco-Provençal	{{lang\|frp\|balyi\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[baʎi]}}	'give'
French	Some dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Grevisse\|Goosse\|2011\|loc=§33, b}}, {{Harvcoltxt\|Fagyal\|Kibbee\|Jenkins\|2006\|p=47}}	{{lang\|fr\|papillon\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[papiʎɒ̃]}}	'butterfly'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|/j/}} in modern standard French. See French phonology
Galician	Standard	{{lang\|gl\|illado\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[iˈʎa̠ðo̝]}}	'insulated'	Most Galician speakers, especially the urban and younger populations, are nowadays yeístas{{cite journal \|last1=Regueira \|first1=Xosé L. \|title=Galician \|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association \|date=December 1996 \|volume=26 \|issue=2 \|pages=119–122 \|doi=10.1017/S0025100300006162 \|doi-access=free}} because of influence from Spanish
colspan=2\| Greek	{{lang\|el\|ήλιος}}	{{Audio-IPA\|El-ήλιος.oga\|[ˈiʎos]}}	'sun'	Postalveolar.{{sfnp\|Arvaniti\|2007\|p=20}} See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian	Northern dialects{{sfnp\|Benkő\|1972\|p=?}}	{{lang\|hu\|lyuk\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ʎuk]}}	'hole'	Alveolo-palatal.{{sfnp\|Recasens\|2013\|p=10}} Modern Standard Hungarian has undergone a phenomenon akin to Spanish yeísmo, merging {{IPA\|/ʎ/}} into {{IPA\|/j/}}. See Hungarian ly and Hungarian phonology
colspan=2 \| Irish	{{lang\|ga\|duille\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈd̪ˠɪl̠ʲə]}}	'leaf'	Alveolo-palatal. Some dialects contrast it with palatalized alveolar {{IPA\|/lʲ/}}. See Irish phonology
colspan=2\| Italian{{sfnp\|Recasens\|Farnetani\|Fontdevila\|Pallarès\|1993\|p=222}}	{{lang\|it\|figlio\|italic=yes}}	{{Audio-IPA\|It-figlio.ogg\|[ˈfiʎːo]}}	'son'	Alveolo-palatal.{{sfnp\|Recasens\|Farnetani\|Fontdevila\|Pallarès\|1993\|p=222}} Realized as fricative {{IPAblink\|ʎ̝}} in a large number of accents.{{Harvcoltxt\|Ashby\|2011\|p=64}}: "(...) in a large number of Italian accents, there is considerable friction involved in the pronunciation of {{IPA\|[ʎ]}}, creating a voiced palatal lateral fricative (for which there is no established IPA symbol)." See Italian phonology
colspan=2\| Ivilyuat	Ivil̃uɂat	{{IPA\|[ʔivɪʎʊʔat]}}	'the speaking [Ivilyuat]' ('Ivilyuat language')
colspan="2" \|Jaqaru \|allaka \| {{IPA\|[a'ʎaka]}} \|'pumpkin' \|See Jaqaru Language
colspan="2" \|Jebero \|llinllin{{Cite web \|title=Diccionario Shiwilu o Jebero (Pano-Tacanas) {{!}} PDF {{!}} Lengua española {{!}} Vocal \|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/378694342/diccionario-shiwilu-o-jebero-pano-tacanas \|access-date=2023-10-11 \|website=Scribd \|language=en}} \| {{IPA\|[ʎinʎin]}} \|'name' \|See Jebero Language
Korean	Seoul dialect	{{lang\|ko\|천리마 / cheollima}}	{{IPA\|[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ʎʎima̠]}}	'qianlima'	{{IPA\|/l/}} is palatalized to {{IPA\|[ʎ]}} before {{IPA\|/i, j/}} and before palatal consonant allophones{{Cite journal\|last1=Crosby\|first1=Drew\|last2=Dalola\|first2=Amanda\|date=March 2021 \|title=Phonetic variation in the Korean liquid phoneme\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350238620\|journal=Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America\|volume=6\|issue=1\|pages=706–707, 711\|doi=10.3765/plsa.v6i1.5002\|access-date=5 September 2022\|doi-access=free}}
colspan=2\| Latvian	{{lang\|lv\|ļaudis}}	{{IPA\|[ʎàwdis]}}	'people'	See Latvian phonology
colspan=2\| Mapudungun	{{lang\|ay\|aylla}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɐjʎɜ]}}	'nine'	See Mapuche language
Norwegian	Northern and central dialects{{sfnp\|Skjekkeland\|1997\|pp=105–107}}	{{lang\|no\|alle\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ɑʎːe]}}	'all'	See Norwegian phonology
Occitan	Standard	{{lang\|oc-Latn\|miralhar}}	{{IPA\|[miɾa̠ˈʎa̠]}}	'to reflect'	See Occitan phonology
Paiwan	Standard	{{lang\|pwn\|veljevelj\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[vəʎəvəʎ]}}	'banana'	See Paiwan language
colspan="2" \|Paez \|silli \|{{IPA\|[siʎi]}} \|'reed' \|See Paezan languages
rowspan=2\| Portuguese	Standard	{{lang\|pt\|alho\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈaʎu]}}	'garlic'	Alveolo-palatal in European Portuguese.{{sfnp\|Teixeira\|Martins\|Oliveira\|Silva\|2012\|p=321}} May instead be {{IPA\|[lʲ]}}, {{IPAblink\|l}} (Northeast) or {{IPAblink\|j}} (Caipira), especially before unrounded vowels.{{sfnp\|Stein\|2011\|p=223}}{{sfnp\|Aragão\|2009\|p=168}} See Portuguese phonology
Many dialects{{Cite web \|url=http://publicacoes.ufes.br/contexto/article/viewFile/7039/5174 \|title=Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português \|access-date=2014-04-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073228/http://publicacoes.ufes.br/contexto/article/viewFile/7039/5174 \|archive-date=2014-04-07 \|url-status=live }} \| {{lang\|pt\|sandália\|italic=yes}} \| {{IPA\|[sɐ̃ˈda̠l̠ʲɐ]}} \| 'sandal' \| Possible realization of post-stressed {{IPA\|/li/}} plus vowel.
colspan=2\| Quechua{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=149}}	{{lang\|qu\|qallu}}	{{IPA\|[qaʎʊ]}}	'tongue'
Romanian	Transylvanian dialects{{sfnp\|Pop\|1938\|p=30}}	{{lang\|ro\|lingură\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʎinɡurə]}}	'spoon'	Corresponds to {{IPAblink\|l}}{{fix\|text=in which environments?\|date=March 2015}} in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
colspan=2\| Scottish Gaelic{{sfnp\|Oftedal\|1956\|p=125}}	{{lang\|gd\|till\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[tʲʰiːʎ]}}	'return'	Palatal or palatalised apical dental. Can manifest as {{IPA\|[j]}}, or among some younger speakers, as {{IPA\|[lj]}}.{{sfnp\|Nance\|2013\|p=129}} See Scottish Gaelic phonology
colspan=2\| Serbo-Croatian{{Harvcoltxt\|Jazić\|1977\|p=?}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=188}} \| {{lang\|sh-Cyrl\|љуљaшка}} / {{lang\|sh-Latn\|ljuljačka\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ʎ̟ǔʎ̟äːʂkä]}}, {{IPA\|[ʎ̟ǔʎ̟äːt͡ʂkä]}}	'swing (seat)'	Palato-alveolar. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan=2\| Sissano	{{lang\|sso-Latn\|piyl}}	{{IPA\|[piʎ]}}	'fish'
colspan=2\| Slovak	{{lang\|sk\|ľúbiť\|italic=yes}}	{{Audio-IPA\|SK-lubit.ogg\|[ˈʎu̞ːbi̞c]}}	'to love'	Merges with {{IPA\|/l/}} in western dialects. See Slovak phonology
rowspan=8 \| Spanish[http://www.jotamartin.byethost33.com/alpi_yll.php] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120074840/http://www.jotamartin.byethost33.com/alpi_yll.php\|date=2015-11-20}} ALPI	Andean (from Argentina to Colombia)	rowspan=8 \| {{lang\|es\|caballo\|italic=yes}}	rowspan=8 \| {{IPA\|[ka̠ˈβ̞a̠.ʎo̞]}}	rowspan=8 \| 'horse'	rowspan=8 \| Found in traditional speakers in Peninsular Spanish. Also found in Andean countries and Paraguay. For most speakers, this sound has merged with {{IPAslink\|ʝ}}, a phenomenon called yeísmo. See Spanish phonology. "Caballo" with yeísmo is pronounced {{IPA\|[ka̠ˈβ̞a̠.ʝo̞]}}
Castilian, Aragonese and Catalonian outside of large cities{{sfnp\|Martínez-Celdrán\|Fernández-Planas\|Carrera-Sabaté\|2003\|p=255}}
Central areas in Extremadura
Eastern and southwestern Manchego{{cn\|date=October 2021\|reason=This is unsourced, the Spanish article on the Manchego dialect says it's yeista (also with no source)}}
Murcian
Paraguayan{{cite journal \|last=Peña Arce \|first=Jaime \|date=2015 \|title=Yeísmo en el español de América. Algunos apuntes sobre su extensión \|trans-title= Yeísmo in the Spanish spoken in America. Some notes on its extension \|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5120313 \|language=Spanish \|journal= Revista de Filología de la Universidad de la Laguna \|volume=33 \|issue= \|pages=175–199 \|doi= \|access-date=October 5, 2021}}
Philippine
Very few areas in Andalusia
rowspan=2\| Xumi	Lower{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367–368}}	colspan=2 align=center \| {{IPA\|[ʎ̟o˩˥]}}	'musk deer'	rowspan=2 \| Alveolo-palatal; contrasts with the voiceless {{IPA\|/ʎ̥/}}.{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367–368}}{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|pp=382–383}}
Upper{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|pp=382–383}}	colspan=2 align=center \| {{IPA\|[ʎ̟ɛ˦]}}	'correct, right'

Notes

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|access-date=2013-04-11

|archive-date=2022-04-12

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412002109/https://pagines.uab.cat/danielrecasens/sites/pagines.uab.cat.danielrecasens/files/L%26Sp1993.pdf

|url-status=dead

}}

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|doi=10.1017/S0025100304001628

|doi-access=free

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{{citation

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|url=http://www.seer.ufu.br/index.php/dominiosdelinguagem/article/download/12450/8064

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{{citation

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Category:Lateral consonants

Category:Palatal consonants

Category:Alveolo-palatal consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Oral consonants

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
rowspan=3 \| Albanian{{cite journal\|last1=Dedvukaj\|first1=Lindon\|last2=Ndoci\|first2=Rexhina\|title=Linguistic variation within the Northwestern Gheg Albanian dialect\|journal=Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America\|publisher=Linguistic Society of America\|doi=10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5501\|volume=8\|number=1\|year=2023\|doi-access=free\|page=7}}	Malsia e Madhe	rowspan=3 \| {{lang\|sq\|lule\|italic=yes}}	rowspan= 3 \| {{IPA\|[ˈʎuʎɛ]}}	rowspan=3 \| 'flower'	rowspan=3 \|
Arbëresh
Arvanitika
colspan=2\| Aragonese	{{lang\|an-Latn\|agulla\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[a̠ˈɣuʎa̠]}}	'needle'
colspan=2\| Aromanian	{{lang\|rup\|ljepuri\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʎe̞puri]}}	'rabbit'
rowspan=3 \| Astur-Leonese	Asturian	rowspan=2 \| {{lang\|ast\|llingua\|italic=yes}}	rowspan=2 \| {{IPA\|[ˈʎĩŋɡwa̝]}}	rowspan=3 \| 'language'	rowspan=3 \| Where {{IPA\|/ʎ/}} is absent and replaced by different sounds (depending on dialect), a phenomenon known as {{lang\|ast\|che vaqueira}}, its corresponding sounds are spelled {{angbr\|ḷḷ}}.
Leonese
Mirandese	{{lang\|ast\|lhéngua\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʎɛ̃ɡwɐ]}}
colspan=2\| Aymara	{{lang\|ay\|llaki}}	{{IPA\|[ʎaki]}}	'sad'
colspan=2\| Basque	{{lang\|eu\|bonbilla\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[bo̞mbiʎa̠]}}	'bulb'
colspan=2\| Breton	{{lang\|br\|familh\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[fa̠miʎ]}}	'family'
colspan=2\| Bulgarian	{{lang\|bg\|любов}}	{{IPA\|[ʎuˈbof]}}	'love'	Alveolo-palatal. See Bulgarian phonology
rowspan=2\| Catalan	Standard	{{lang\|ca\|llac\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʎäk]}}	'lake'	Alveolo-palatal.{{sfnp\|Recasens\|Farnetani\|Fontdevila\|Pallarès\|1993\|p=222}} See Catalan phonology
Eastern Aragon	{{lang\|ca\|clau\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkʎäw]}}	'key'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/l/}} in consonant clusters.
colspan="2" \|Chipaya \|lloqa \| {{IPA\|[ʎoqa]}} \|'bank' \|See Chipaya languages
rowspan=12\|English	Australian	rowspan=11 \| {{lang\|en\|million\|italic=yes}}	rowspan=11 \| {{IPA\|[ˈmɪʎən]}}	rowspan=11 \| 'million'	rowspan=2 \| Frequent realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/lj/}}
Canadian (Atlantic and Newfoundland)
County Donegal{{Harvcoltxt\|Stenson\|1991}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Hickey\|2004\|p=71}}	Realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/lj/}}.
General American{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=490}}	Common realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/lj/}}; sometimes realized as {{IPA\|[jj]}}.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|p=490}} See English phonology
Hiberno-English	rowspan=7\|Common realization of the sequence {{IPA\|/lj/}}
New England
New York City
New Zealand
Received Pronunciation
South African
Southern American
Philippine	{{lang\|en\|gorilla\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[goˈɾɪʎɐ]}}	'gorilla'	Common realization of {{angbr\|ll}} between vowels due to Spanish influence.{{cn\|date=February 2024}}
colspan=2\| Enindhilyagwa	{{lang\|aoi-Latn\|angalya}}	{{IPA\|[aŋal̠ʲa]}}	'place'	Laminal post-alveolar
colspan=2 \| Faroese{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=115}}	{{lang\|fo\|telgja\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtʰɛʎt͡ʃa]}}	'to carve'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/l/}} before palatal consonants.{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=115}} Sometimes voiceless {{IPAblink\|ʎ̥}}.{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=115}} See Faroese phonology
colspan=2\| Franco-Provençal	{{lang\|frp\|balyi\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[baʎi]}}	'give'
French	Some dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Grevisse\|Goosse\|2011\|loc=§33, b}}, {{Harvcoltxt\|Fagyal\|Kibbee\|Jenkins\|2006\|p=47}}	{{lang\|fr\|papillon\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[papiʎɒ̃]}}	'butterfly'	Corresponds to {{IPA\|/j/}} in modern standard French. See French phonology
Galician	Standard	{{lang\|gl\|illado\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[iˈʎa̠ðo̝]}}	'insulated'	Most Galician speakers, especially the urban and younger populations, are nowadays yeístas{{cite journal \|last1=Regueira \|first1=Xosé L. \|title=Galician \|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association \|date=December 1996 \|volume=26 \|issue=2 \|pages=119–122 \|doi=10.1017/S0025100300006162 \|doi-access=free}} because of influence from Spanish
colspan=2\| Greek	{{lang\|el\|ήλιος}}	{{Audio-IPA\|El-ήλιος.oga\|[ˈiʎos]}}	'sun'	Postalveolar.{{sfnp\|Arvaniti\|2007\|p=20}} See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian	Northern dialects{{sfnp\|Benkő\|1972\|p=?}}	{{lang\|hu\|lyuk\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ʎuk]}}	'hole'	Alveolo-palatal.{{sfnp\|Recasens\|2013\|p=10}} Modern Standard Hungarian has undergone a phenomenon akin to Spanish yeísmo, merging {{IPA\|/ʎ/}} into {{IPA\|/j/}}. See Hungarian ly and Hungarian phonology
colspan=2 \| Irish	{{lang\|ga\|duille\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈd̪ˠɪl̠ʲə]}}	'leaf'	Alveolo-palatal. Some dialects contrast it with palatalized alveolar {{IPA\|/lʲ/}}. See Irish phonology
colspan=2\| Italian{{sfnp\|Recasens\|Farnetani\|Fontdevila\|Pallarès\|1993\|p=222}}	{{lang\|it\|figlio\|italic=yes}}	{{Audio-IPA\|It-figlio.ogg\|[ˈfiʎːo]}}	'son'	Alveolo-palatal.{{sfnp\|Recasens\|Farnetani\|Fontdevila\|Pallarès\|1993\|p=222}} Realized as fricative {{IPAblink\|ʎ̝}} in a large number of accents.{{Harvcoltxt\|Ashby\|2011\|p=64}}: "(...) in a large number of Italian accents, there is considerable friction involved in the pronunciation of {{IPA\|[ʎ]}}, creating a voiced palatal lateral fricative (for which there is no established IPA symbol)." See Italian phonology
colspan=2\| Ivilyuat	Ivil̃uɂat	{{IPA\|[ʔivɪʎʊʔat]}}	'the speaking [Ivilyuat]' ('Ivilyuat language')
colspan="2" \|Jaqaru \|allaka \| {{IPA\|[a'ʎaka]}} \|'pumpkin' \|See Jaqaru Language
colspan="2" \|Jebero \|llinllin{{Cite web \|title=Diccionario Shiwilu o Jebero (Pano-Tacanas) {{!}} PDF {{!}} Lengua española {{!}} Vocal \|url=https://es.scribd.com/document/378694342/diccionario-shiwilu-o-jebero-pano-tacanas \|access-date=2023-10-11 \|website=Scribd \|language=en}} \| {{IPA\|[ʎinʎin]}} \|'name' \|See Jebero Language
Korean	Seoul dialect	{{lang\|ko\|천리마 / cheollima}}	{{IPA\|[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ʎʎima̠]}}	'qianlima'	{{IPA\|/l/}} is palatalized to {{IPA\|[ʎ]}} before {{IPA\|/i, j/}} and before palatal consonant allophones{{Cite journal\|last1=Crosby\|first1=Drew\|last2=Dalola\|first2=Amanda\|date=March 2021 \|title=Phonetic variation in the Korean liquid phoneme\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350238620\|journal=Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America\|volume=6\|issue=1\|pages=706–707, 711\|doi=10.3765/plsa.v6i1.5002\|access-date=5 September 2022\|doi-access=free}}
colspan=2\| Latvian	{{lang\|lv\|ļaudis}}	{{IPA\|[ʎàwdis]}}	'people'	See Latvian phonology
colspan=2\| Mapudungun	{{lang\|ay\|aylla}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɐjʎɜ]}}	'nine'	See Mapuche language
Norwegian	Northern and central dialects{{sfnp\|Skjekkeland\|1997\|pp=105–107}}	{{lang\|no\|alle\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ɑʎːe]}}	'all'	See Norwegian phonology
Occitan	Standard	{{lang\|oc-Latn\|miralhar}}	{{IPA\|[miɾa̠ˈʎa̠]}}	'to reflect'	See Occitan phonology
Paiwan	Standard	{{lang\|pwn\|veljevelj\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[vəʎəvəʎ]}}	'banana'	See Paiwan language
colspan="2" \|Paez \|silli \|{{IPA\|[siʎi]}} \|'reed' \|See Paezan languages
rowspan=2\| Portuguese	Standard	{{lang\|pt\|alho\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈaʎu]}}	'garlic'	Alveolo-palatal in European Portuguese.{{sfnp\|Teixeira\|Martins\|Oliveira\|Silva\|2012\|p=321}} May instead be {{IPA\|[lʲ]}}, {{IPAblink\|l}} (Northeast) or {{IPAblink\|j}} (Caipira), especially before unrounded vowels.{{sfnp\|Stein\|2011\|p=223}}{{sfnp\|Aragão\|2009\|p=168}} See Portuguese phonology
Many dialects{{Cite web \|url=http://publicacoes.ufes.br/contexto/article/viewFile/7039/5174 \|title=Considerações sobre o status das palato-alveolares em português \|access-date=2014-04-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073228/http://publicacoes.ufes.br/contexto/article/viewFile/7039/5174 \|archive-date=2014-04-07 \|url-status=live }} \| {{lang\|pt\|sandália\|italic=yes}} \| {{IPA\|[sɐ̃ˈda̠l̠ʲɐ]}} \| 'sandal' \| Possible realization of post-stressed {{IPA\|/li/}} plus vowel.
colspan=2\| Quechua{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=149}}	{{lang\|qu\|qallu}}	{{IPA\|[qaʎʊ]}}	'tongue'
Romanian	Transylvanian dialects{{sfnp\|Pop\|1938\|p=30}}	{{lang\|ro\|lingură\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʎinɡurə]}}	'spoon'	Corresponds to {{IPAblink\|l}}{{fix\|text=in which environments?\|date=March 2015}} in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
colspan=2\| Scottish Gaelic{{sfnp\|Oftedal\|1956\|p=125}}	{{lang\|gd\|till\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[tʲʰiːʎ]}}	'return'	Palatal or palatalised apical dental. Can manifest as {{IPA\|[j]}}, or among some younger speakers, as {{IPA\|[lj]}}.{{sfnp\|Nance\|2013\|p=129}} See Scottish Gaelic phonology
colspan=2\| Serbo-Croatian{{Harvcoltxt\|Jazić\|1977\|p=?}}, cited in {{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=188}} \| {{lang\|sh-Cyrl\|љуљaшка}} / {{lang\|sh-Latn\|ljuljačka\|italic=yes}}	{{IPA\|[ʎ̟ǔʎ̟äːʂkä]}}, {{IPA\|[ʎ̟ǔʎ̟äːt͡ʂkä]}}	'swing (seat)'	Palato-alveolar. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan=2\| Sissano	{{lang\|sso-Latn\|piyl}}	{{IPA\|[piʎ]}}	'fish'
colspan=2\| Slovak	{{lang\|sk\|ľúbiť\|italic=yes}}	{{Audio-IPA\|SK-lubit.ogg\|[ˈʎu̞ːbi̞c]}}	'to love'	Merges with {{IPA\|/l/}} in western dialects. See Slovak phonology
rowspan=8 \| Spanish[http://www.jotamartin.byethost33.com/alpi_yll.php] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120074840/http://www.jotamartin.byethost33.com/alpi_yll.php\|date=2015-11-20}} ALPI	Andean (from Argentina to Colombia)	rowspan=8 \| {{lang\|es\|caballo\|italic=yes}}	rowspan=8 \| {{IPA\|[ka̠ˈβ̞a̠.ʎo̞]}}	rowspan=8 \| 'horse'	rowspan=8 \| Found in traditional speakers in Peninsular Spanish. Also found in Andean countries and Paraguay. For most speakers, this sound has merged with {{IPAslink\|ʝ}}, a phenomenon called yeísmo. See Spanish phonology. "Caballo" with yeísmo is pronounced {{IPA\|[ka̠ˈβ̞a̠.ʝo̞]}}
Castilian, Aragonese and Catalonian outside of large cities{{sfnp\|Martínez-Celdrán\|Fernández-Planas\|Carrera-Sabaté\|2003\|p=255}}
Central areas in Extremadura
Eastern and southwestern Manchego{{cn\|date=October 2021\|reason=This is unsourced, the Spanish article on the Manchego dialect says it's yeista (also with no source)}}
Murcian
Paraguayan{{cite journal \|last=Peña Arce \|first=Jaime \|date=2015 \|title=Yeísmo en el español de América. Algunos apuntes sobre su extensión \|trans-title= Yeísmo in the Spanish spoken in America. Some notes on its extension \|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5120313 \|language=Spanish \|journal= Revista de Filología de la Universidad de la Laguna \|volume=33 \|issue= \|pages=175–199 \|doi= \|access-date=October 5, 2021}}
Philippine
Very few areas in Andalusia
rowspan=2\| Xumi	Lower{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367–368}}	colspan=2 align=center \| {{IPA\|[ʎ̟o˩˥]}}	'musk deer'	rowspan=2 \| Alveolo-palatal; contrasts with the voiceless {{IPA\|/ʎ̥/}}.{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367–368}}{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|pp=382–383}}
Upper{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|pp=382–383}}	colspan=2 align=center \| {{IPA\|[ʎ̟ɛ˦]}}	'correct, right'

voiced palatal lateral approximant

Features

Occurrence

See also

Notes

References