:Edmonton

Established as the first permanent settlement in the area of what is now Edmonton, the Hudson's Bay Company trading post of Fort Edmonton (also known as Edmonton House) was named after Edmonton, Middlesex, England.{{cite web |title=Naming Edmonton 1795 |url=https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/edmonton_archives/origins-of-naming-in-edmonton |website=edmonton.ca}} The fort's name was chosen by William Tomison, who was in charge of its construction, taking the fort's namesake from the hometown of the Lake family – at least five of whom were influential members of the Hudson's Bay Company between 1696 and 1807. In turn, the name of Edmonton derives from Adelmetone, meaning 'farmstead/estate of Ēadhelm' (from Ēadhelm, an Old English personal name, and {{lang|ang|cat=no|tūn}}); this earlier form of the name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086.{{Cite book|last=Mills|first=A. D.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56654940|title=A dictionary of London place-names|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-860957-4|location=Oxford|pages=74|oclc=56654940}} Fort Edmonton was also called Fort-des-Prairies by French-Canadians, trappers, and coureurs des bois.{{Cite book|last=Edmonton Historical Board, Heritage Sites Committee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWWo___pkQUC|title=Naming Edmonton: from Ada to Zoie|publisher=University of Alberta Press|year=2004|isbn=9780888644237|editor-last=Aubrey|editor-first=Merrily K.|location=Edmonton|pages=18|via=Google Books}}

Indigenous languages refer to the Edmonton area by multiple names which reference the presence of fur trading posts.{{Cite web|last=Cardinal|first=Jacquelyn|title=Layers of Place|url=https://www.urbanwellnessedmonton.com/stories/layers-of-place|access-date=June 14, 2021|website=Recover – Urban Wellbeing in Edmonton}}{{Cite book|last=Fromhold|first=Joachim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahvVAgAAQBAJ|title=2001 Indian Place Names of the West – Part 1 -|publisher=Lulu.com|year=2010|isbn=9780557438365|via=Google Books}} In Cree, the area is known as {{lang|cr|ᐊᒥᐢᑿᒌᐚᐢᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ}} {{lang|cr-Latn|amiskwacîwâskahikan}},{{Cite web|date=January 2018|title=Newcomer's Guide to Edmonton|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/documents/Newcomers_Guide_English_FINAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326214237/http://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/documents/Newcomers_Guide_English_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2015 |url-status=live|access-date=June 14, 2021|website=CIty of Edmonton}} which translates to "Beaver Hills House" and references the location's proximity to the Beaver Hills east of Edmonton. In Blackfoot, the area is known as {{lang|bla|Omahkoyis}};{{Cite web |title=Omahkoyis |url=https://www.ulethbridge.ca/lib/bdl/index.php?sort=Blackfoot&id=91 |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=www.ulethbridge.ca}}{{Cite book |last=Many Guns |first=Payne |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139336039 |title=Siksikawa Otaawahsinnowa = Where the Blackfoot People live |date=2019 |isbn=978-1-9992947-2-4 |edition=1st |publisher=Durville |location=Calgary, Alberta |oclc=1139336039}} in Nakota Sioux, the area is known as {{lang|sto|Titâga}};{{Cite web |title=Stoney Nakoda Dictionary |url=https://dictionary.stoneynakoda.org/#/E/edmonton |access-date=May 13, 2022 |website=dictionary.stoneynakoda.org}} in Tsuutʼina, the area is known as {{lang|srs|Nââsʔágháàchú}}{{cite web |url=https://togetherattaza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Taza-Guidelines-May2020-Sm.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923172440/https://togetherattaza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Taza-Guidelines-May2020-Sm.pdf |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |url-status=live |title=Taza Development Guidelines |date=April 2019 |access-date=September 12, 2022}} (anglicised as Nasagachoo). The Blackfoot name translates to 'big lodge',{{Cite book |last=Frantz |first=Donald G. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/982378173 |title=Blackfoot Grammar |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2017 |isbn=9781487500863 |location=Toronto |pages=274 |oclc=982378173}} while the Nakota Sioux and Tsuutʼina names translate to 'big house'.{{Cite web|title=Territorial Acknowledgement|url=https://www.everyonescanada.ca/territorial_acknowledgement|access-date=June 14, 2021|website=Everyone's Canada|archive-date=June 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614101552/https://www.everyonescanada.ca/territorial_acknowledgement|url-status=dead}} In Denesuline, the area is known as {{lang|chp|Kuę́ Nedhé}},Chipweyan Dictionary, South Slave Divisional Education Council [http://www.ssdec.nt.ca/ablang/ablanguage/chiptionary/Chipewyan%20Dictionary.pdf Link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623170024/http://www.ssdec.nt.ca/ablang/ablanguage/chiptionary/Chipewyan%20Dictionary.pdf |date=June 23, 2020 }} a metonymic toponym which also generally means 'city'.

{{further|History of Edmonton}}

{{For timeline}}

The earliest known inhabitants arrived in the area that is now Edmonton around 3,000 BC and perhaps as early as 12,000 BC when an ice-free corridor opened as the last glacial period ended and timber, water, and wildlife became available in the region.{{cite book|last1=Walls|first1=Martha|last2=Mahaffy|first2=Cheryl|title=Edmonton Book of Everything: Everything You Wanted to Know about Edmonton and Were Going to Ask Anyway|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hK2tAAAACAAJ&pg=PP1|year=2007|publisher=MacIntyre & Purcell |isbn=978-0-9738063-4-2|page=9}}

The site of present-day Edmonton was home to several First Nations peoples, including the Cree, Nakota Sioux, Blackfoot, Tsuut'ina, Ojibwe, and Denesuline. The valley of the North Saskatchewan River, in particular the area of Edmonton, was settled to varying degrees for thousands of years, and provided many essential resources, including fish, medicine, and materials for tool making, such as chert or quartzite, which are abundant in the area around the modern city and which can be easily knapped into tools such as axes, knives, and arrowheads.{{Cite web |title=amiskwaciy-wâskahikan (Edmonton) History |url=https://www.ealt.ca/indigenous-connections-blog-list/amiskwaciy-wskahikan-edmonton-history |access-date=April 23, 2023 |website=Edmonton & Area Land Trust |date=February 3, 2020 |language=en-CA}}

The city was also a historic site for the Métis, who held many narrow lots along the North Saskatchewan which gave access to resources in the area. By 1882, these lots numbered about 44, after which they were displaced and integrated into the expanding city of Edmonton.{{Cite web |title=Métis in Treaty 6 & Relationship to Fort Edmonton Park |url=https://www.fortedmontonpark.ca/learn/blog/post/metis-in-treaty-6-relationship-to-fort-edmonton-park |access-date=April 23, 2023 |website=www.fortedmontonpark.ca |date=January 2022 |language=en}}

File:Kane Fort Edmonton.jpgs was constructed in 1830. It was the third to be built within present-day Edmonton.]]

In 1754, Anthony Henday, an explorer for the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area.{{cite book|last=James G.|first=MacGregor|title=Edmonton: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zj8lAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1|year=1975|publisher=Hurtig|isbn=978-0-88830-100-0|page=17}} His expeditions across the Prairies of Rupert's Land were mainly to seek contact with the Indigenous population for establishing the fur trade, as the competition was fierce between the HBC and the North West Company (NWC).

By 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the river's north bank as a major trading post for the HBC, near the mouth of the Sturgeon River close to present-day Fort Saskatchewan.{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fort-edmonton/ |title=Fort Edmonton |last=Switzer |first=Jan |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |edition=online |date=March 4, 2015 |orig-year=February 7, 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503222236/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/fort-edmonton/ |archive-date=May 3, 2014}} Fort Edmonton was built within "musket-shot range" of the rival NWC's Fort Augustus.{{Cite web|url=http://www.albertasource.ca/metis/eng/people_and_communities/historic_fort_edmonton.htm|title=Fort Edmonton and Fort Augustus|last=Alberta Source|date=January 1, 2010|website=Alberta Source|url-status=live|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208175137/http://www.albertasource.ca/metis/eng/people_and_communities/historic_fort_edmonton.htm|archive-date=December 8, 2010|access-date=April 9, 2020}} Although both forts were initially successful, declines in beaver pelt hauls and firewood stocks forced both HBC and NWC to move their forts upstream.

By 1813, after some changes in location, Fort Edmonton was established in the area of what is now Rossdale, beginning Edmonton's start as a permanent population centre.Goyette, Edmonton In Our Own Words, xxiii The fort was located on the border of territory that was disputed by the Blackfoot and Cree nations. Furthermore, the fort intersected territory patrolled by the Blackfoot Confederacy to the South, and the Cree, Dene, and Nakoda nations to the north. After the NWC merged with the HBC, Fort Augustus was closed in favour of Fort Edmonton.

In 1876, Treaty 6, which includes what is now Edmonton, was signed between First Nations and the Crown, as part of the Numbered Treaties.{{cite web|title=Numbered Treaty Overview |url=http://www.canadiana.org/citm/specifique/numtreatyoverview_e.html |publisher=Canada in the Making |work=Canadiana.org (Formerly Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions) |access-date=November 16, 2009 |quote=The Numbered Treaties – also called the Land Cession or Post-Confederation Treaties – were signed between 1871 and 1921, and granted the federal government large tracts of land throughout the Prairies, Canadian North and Northwestern Ontario for white settlement and industrial use. In exchange for the land, Canada promised to give the Aboriginal peoples various items: cash, blankets, tools, farming supplies, and so on. The impact of these treaties can be still felt in modern times. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113201346/http://www.canadiana.org/citm/specifique/numtreatyoverview_e.html |archive-date=January 13, 2010}}{{cite encyclopedia |title=Numbered Treaties |first=Michelle |last=Filice |date=August 2, 2016 |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |edition=online |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/numbered-treaties |access-date=December 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203104005/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/numbered-treaties |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |url-status=live }} The agreement includes the Plains and Woods Cree, Assiniboine, and other band governments of First Nations at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt, and Battle River. The area covered by the treaty represents most of the central area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/attractions_events/schedule_festivals_events/treaty-six-recognition-day.aspx |title=City of Edmonton, Treaty 6 Recognition Day |publisher=Edmonton.ca |date=March 31, 2017 |access-date=April 14, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822052052/http://www.edmonton.ca/attractions_events/schedule_festivals_events/treaty-six-recognition-day.aspx |archive-date=August 22, 2016}}

The coming of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) to southern Alberta in 1885 helped the Edmonton economy, and the 1891 building of the Calgary and Edmonton (C&E) Railway resulted in the emergence of a railway townsite (South Edmonton/Strathcona) on the river's south side, across from Edmonton. The arrival of the CPR and the C&E Railway helped bring settlers and entrepreneurs from eastern Canada, Europe, the U.S. and other parts of the world. The Edmonton area's fertile soil and cheap land attracted settlers, further establishing Edmonton as a major regional commercial and agricultural centre. Some people participating in the Klondike Gold Rush passed through South Edmonton/Strathcona in 1897. Strathcona was North America's northernmost railway point, but travel to the Klondike was still very difficult for the "Klondikers", and a majority of them took a steamship north to the Yukon from Vancouver, British Columbia.{{cite book|last=Monto|first=Tom|title=Old Strathcona: Edmonton's Southside Roots|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PkFstwAACAAJ&pg=PP1|year=2011|publisher=Crang|isbn=978-1-895097-13-9 }}

File:LegislatureFortEd.jpg in 1914, just above the last Fort Edmonton. The city was selected as Alberta's capital in 1905.]]

Incorporated as a town in 1892 with a population of 700 and then as a city in 1904 with a population of 8,350,{{cite web|url=http://webdocs.edmonton.ca/InfraPlan/demographic/Edmonton%20Population%20Historical.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028213622/http://webdocs.edmonton.ca/InfraPlan/demographic/Edmonton%20Population%20Historical.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 28, 2008|author=City of Edmonton|title=Population, Historical|publisher=City of Edmonton|access-date=February 26, 2007}} Edmonton became the capital of Alberta when the province was formed a year later, on September 1, 1905.{{cite encyclopedia |title=Edmonton |first1=P.J. |last1=Smith |first2=Mark |last2=Sholdice |orig-year=March 24, 2006 |date=October 24, 2017 |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |edition=online |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edmonton/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503151937/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edmonton/ |archive-date=May 3, 2014}} In November 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway (CNR) arrived in Edmonton, accelerating growth.{{cite web |url=http://www.railfame.ca/sec_ind/communities/en_2004_Edmonton_Ab.asp |title=Edmonton, Alberta (2004) |publisher=Canadian Railway Hall of Fame |access-date=May 3, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726154316/http://www.railfame.ca/sec_ind/communities/en_2004_edmonton_ab.asp |archive-date=July 26, 2010 }}

During the early 1900s, Edmonton's rapid growth led to speculation in real estate. In 1912, Edmonton amalgamated with the City of Strathcona south of the North Saskatchewan River; as a result, the city held land on both banks of the North Saskatchewan River for the first time.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/municipal_elections/ward-system.aspx |author=City of Edmonton |title=Ward System (1970 – Present) |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=March 23, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922064953/http://edmonton.ca/city_government/municipal_elections/ward-system.aspx |archive-date=September 22, 2010 }}

Just before World War I, the boom ended, and the city's population declined from more than 72,000 in 1914 to less than 54,000 only two years later.{{cite web|url=http://webdocs.edmonton.ca/InfraPlan/demographic/Edmonton%20Population%20Historical.pdf |author=City of Edmonton |title=Population, Historical |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=February 26, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028213622/http://webdocs.edmonton.ca/InfraPlan/demographic/Edmonton%20Population%20Historical.pdf |archive-date=October 28, 2008 }} Many impoverished families moved to subsistence farms outside the city, while others fled to greener pastures in other provinces.{{sfnp|Monto|2011|pp=346–349}} Recruitment to the army during the war also contributed to the drop in population.{{sfnp|Monto|2011|p=354}} Afterwards, the city slowly recovered in population and economy during the 1920s and 1930s and took off again during and after World War II.

The Edmonton City Centre Airport opened in 1929,{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/city-centre-airport-shuts-down-1.2446468 |title=History and Milestones |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=May 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926060443/http://www.edmonton.ca/blatchfordedmonton/history-milestones.aspx |archive-date=September 26, 2014 }} becoming Canada's first licensed airfield.{{cite web|url=http://corporate.flyeia.com/edmonton-area-airports/edmonton-city-centre/history |title=History |author=Edmonton Airports |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226030941/http://corporate.flyeia.com/edmonton-area-airports/edmonton-city-centre/history |archive-date=December 26, 2013 }} Originally named Blatchford Field in honour of former mayor Kenny Blatchford, pioneering aviators such as Wilfrid R. "Wop" May and Max Ward used Blatchford Field as a major base for distributing mail, food, and medicine to Northern Canada; hence Edmonton's emergence as the "Gateway to the North". World War II saw Edmonton become a major base for the construction of the Alaska Highway and the Northwest Staging Route.{{cite web |url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/eh/12.4/lackenbauer.html |author=Canadian Geographical Journal |title=Historical |access-date=March 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905174004/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/eh/12.4/lackenbauer.html |archive-date=September 5, 2010}} The airport was closed in November 2013.{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/city-centre-airport-shuts-down-1.2446468 |author=CBC News |title=City Centre Airport shuts down |access-date=April 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110221535/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/city-centre-airport-shuts-down-1.2446468 |archive-date=November 10, 2015}}

On July 31, 1987, an F4 tornado hit the city and killed 27 people.{{cite news |url=http://archives.cbc.ca/environment/extreme_weather/topics/1713-11760/ |author=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |author-link=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|title= Edmonton Tornado |access-date=February 27, 2009 |work=CBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716042049/http://archives.cbc.ca/environment/extreme_weather/topics/1713-11760/ |archive-date=July 16, 2011|url-status= live}} The storm hit the areas of Beaumont, Mill Woods, Bannerman, Fraser, and Evergreen.{{cite web|url=http://www.mb.ec.gc.ca/air/summersevere/ae00s23.en.html|author=Environment Canada|title=A map of the city of Edmonton showing the path of the tornado|access-date=March 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319153814/http://www.mb.ec.gc.ca/air/summersevere/ae00s23.en.html|archive-date=March 19, 2009|url-status=dead}} The day became known as "Black Friday" and earned the city the moniker "City of Champions".{{cite web|url=http://tornadovideos.decadehost.com/index.cfm/2007/7/31/20th-anniversary-of-black-friday---the-edmonton-ab-f4-tornado|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204053129/http://tornadovideos.decadehost.com/index.cfm/2007/7/31/20th-anniversary-of-black-friday---the-edmonton-ab-f4-tornado|archive-date=February 4, 2008|author=Reed Timmer|title=20th Anniversary of "Black Friday"—The Edmonton, AB F4 Tornado|publisher=TornadoVideos.net |access-date=March 6, 2009}}

{{Update|section|date=January 2023|reason=Does not contain information about how Edmonton's municipal governance has changed or evolved since 1989. This section should be updated with more information regarding this}}

File:City-Hall-Edmonton-Alberta-2A.jpg is the home of the municipal government for Edmonton.|alt=|left]]

In 1892, Edmonton was incorporated as a town. The first mayor was Matthew McCauley, who established the first school board in Edmonton and Board of Trade (later Chamber of Commerce) and a municipal police service.{{Cite book|last=Walls|first=Martha|title=Edmonton Book of Everything|publisher=Maclntyre Purcell Publishing Inc.|year=2007|page=129|isbn=978-0-9738063-4-2}} Due to McCauley's good relationship with the federal Liberals, Edmonton maintained economic and political prominence over Strathcona, a rival town on the south side of the North Saskatchewan River. Edmonton was incorporated as a city in 1904 and became Alberta's capital in 1905.

In 1904, the City of Edmonton purchased the Edmonton District Telephone Company for $17,000 from Alex Taylor, a Canadian entrepreneur, inventor, and politician. Amalgamated into a city department as City of Edmonton Telephone Department, City Telephone System (CTS), 'Edmonton telephones'. In 1989, City Council voted to create Edmonton Telephones Corporation (Ed Tel) to operate as an autonomous organization under a board of directors appointed by the city. In 1995, City of Edmonton ownership of its telephone service ended when Ed Tel was sold to the Telus corporation. City Bylaw 11713 created The Ed Tel Endowment Fund whereas the shares owned by Edmonton Telephones Corporation in Ed Tel Inc. were sold by the City of Edmonton to Telus on March 10, 1995, for $470,221,872 to be invested for the perpetual benefit of Edmontonians.{{cite web |title=Ed Tel Endowment Fund Bylaw |url=https://www.edmonton.ca/public-files/assets/document?path=PDF/C11713.pdf |website=edmonton.ca |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=December 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223024746/https://www.edmonton.ca/public-files/assets/document?path=PDF/C11713.pdf |archive-date=December 23, 2022 |date=June 18, 2008 |url-status=live}}

Unions such as the Industrial Workers of the World struggled for progressive social change through the early years, with the first reformer, James East, elected in 1912, followed by the first official Labour alderman, James Kinney, the following year. Many thousands of workers participated in the Edmonton general strike of 1919 and a strong block of Labour representatives were on council after the next election: East, Kinney, Sam McCoppen, Rice Sheppard and Joe Clarke.{{Cite journal |last=Finkel |first=Alvin |date=1985 |title=The Rise and Fall of the Labour Party in Alberta, 1917-42 |url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/llt/1985-v16-llt_16/llt16art02/ |journal=Labour/Le Travail |language=en |volume=16 |pages=61–96 |issn=0700-3862}}

Labour representation on city council became a near-majority in 1929, and a full majority from 1932 to 1934, during the Great Depression.{{sfnp|Monto|2011|pp=433, 164}} Jan Reimer became the city's first female mayor when she was elected in 1989.{{sfnp|Monto|2011|p=326}}Monto, Tom, Protest and Progress, Three Labour Radicals in Early Edmonton, Crang Publishing (available at Alhambra Books, Edmonton), 2012, 71–76

In 2021, Amarjeet Sohi became the first person of colour to be elected as mayor of Edmonton.[https://globalnews.ca/news/8266564/edmonton-election-2021-mayor-amarjeet-sohi/ Edmonton election 2021: Amarjeet Sohi elected mayor]. Global News Retrieved August 9, 2023

File:2008-06-19 North Saskatchewan River 3.jpg is a glacier-fed river that bisects the city.|alt=]]

Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River, at an elevation of {{convert|671|m|abbr=on}}. It is North America's northernmost city with a population over one million. It is south of Alberta's geographic centre, which is near the Hamlet of Fort Assiniboine.{{cite web|url=http://www.woodlands.ab.ca/UserFiles/small%20map2(1).pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706164022/http://www.woodlands.ab.ca/UserFiles/small%20map2%281%29.pdf |archive-date=July 6, 2011 |title=Recreation and Tourism Map |publisher=Woodlands County |date=January 4, 2010 |access-date=January 1, 2012 |url-status=dead }} The terrain in and around Edmonton is generally flat to gently rolling, with ravines and deep river valleys, such as the North Saskatchewan River valley.{{cite web |url=http://www.edmontonrivervalley.com/history.html |author=Jim Willet |title=Edmonton River Valley |publisher=Edmonton River Valley |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608164939/http://www.edmontonrivervalley.com/history.html |archive-date=June 8, 2009 }} The Canadian Rockies are west of Edmonton and about {{convert|220|km|abbr=on}} to the southwest.

The North Saskatchewan River originates at the Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park and bisects the city. It sometimes floods Edmonton's river valley, most notably in the North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915. It empties via the Saskatchewan River, Lake Winnipeg, and the Nelson River into Hudson Bay.{{cite web |url=http://www.chrs.ca/Rivers/NorthSask/NorthSask-F_e.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414210615/http://www.chrs.ca/Rivers/NorthSask/NorthSask-F_e.php |archive-date=April 14, 2012 |author=The Canadian Heritage Rivers System |title=North Saskatchewan |access-date=March 6, 2009}} It runs from the southwest to the northeast and is fed by numerous creeks throughout the city, including Mill Creek, Whitemud Creek and Blackmud Creek; these creeks have created ravines, some of which are used for urban parkland.{{Cite news |url=http://www.rewedmonton.ca/content_view_rew?CONTENT_ID=1785 |author=Herzog, Lawrence|title=Industry on the river |publisher=Real Estate Weekly |access-date=March 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211958/http://www.rewedmonton.ca/content_view_rew?CONTENT_ID=1785 |archive-date=September 8, 2013}} Edmonton is within the Canadian Prairies Ecozone.{{cite web|title=Prairies Ecozone |url=http://www.ecozones.ca/english/zone/Prairies/land.html |website=Ecological Framework of Canada |access-date=May 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529213149/http://ecozones.ca/english/zone/Prairies/land.html |archive-date=May 29, 2016 }}

Aspen parkland surrounds the city and is a transitional area from the prairies to the south and boreal forest in the north.{{cite web|title=Canadian Aspen forests and parklands |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0802 |website=WEF |publisher=World Wildlife Foundation |access-date=May 14, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603040651/http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0802 |archive-date=June 3, 2016 }} The aspen woods and forests in and around Edmonton have long since been reduced by farming and residential and commercial developments including oil and natural gas exploration.{{cite web |url=http://paguntaka.org/2008/08/30/project-of-gold-copper-mine-exploration-near-edmonton-delay/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007031135/http://paguntaka.org/2008/08/30/project-of-gold-copper-mine-exploration-near-edmonton-delay/ |archive-date=October 7, 2008 |author=Mining Exploration News |title=Project of Gold Copper Mine Exploration Near Edmonton Delay |access-date=March 6, 2009}}

{{Main|Climate of Edmonton}}

File:Winter season in Canada - Edmonton, November 2013 (11508911505).jpg

Edmonton has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb, Trewartha climate classification Dcbc) with typically cold, dry winters and warm, sunny summers, prone to extremes and large swings at all times of the year. It falls into the NRC 4a Plant Hardiness Zone.{{cite web|title=Plant Hardiness Zone by Municipality |url=http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=22&lang=en&prov=Alberta&val=E |website=Natural Resources Canada |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=March 26, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313212349/http://planthardiness.gc.ca/?lang=en&m=22&prov=alberta&val=e |archive-date=March 13, 2016 }}

Summer in Edmonton lasts from June until early September, while winter lasts from November until March and in common with all of AlbertaSee {{cite book |last=Szeto |first=Kit K. |date=2008 |chapter=Variability of Cold-Season Temperatures in the Mackenzie Basin |editor-last=Woo |editor-first=M. |title=Cold Region Atmospheric and Hydrologic Studies. The Mackenzie GEWEX Experience |pages=61–82 |publisher=Springer Berlin |location=Heidelberg |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-73936-4_4|isbn=978-3-540-73935-7 }} varies greatly in length and severity. Spring and autumn are both short and highly variable. Edmonton's growing season on average lasts from May 9 to September 22;{{cite web|date=September 20, 2010|title=Frost Chart for Canada|url=http://www.almanac.com/content/frost-chart-canada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022064911/http://www.almanac.com/content/frost-chart-canada|archive-date=October 22, 2010|access-date=September 20, 2010|publisher=The Old Farmer's Almanac}} having an average 135–140 frost-free days each year,{{Cite book|last=Walls|first=Martha|title=Edmonton Book of Everything|publisher=Maclntyre Purcell Publishing Inc.|year=2007|isbn=978-0-9738063-4-2|page=62}} resulting in one of the longest growing seasons on the Canadian Prairies.{{Cite web|title=Canada Hardiness Zones Frost Dates {{!}} Veseys|url=https://www.veseys.com/ca/canada-hardiness-zones-frost-dates|access-date=January 5, 2022|website=www.veseys.com}} At the summer solstice, Edmonton receives 17 hours and three minutes of daylight, with an hour and 46 minutes of civil twilight,{{cite web|title=Advanced options and sun angles|date=August 7, 2012|url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/sunrise/advanced.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121233211/http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/sunrise/advanced.html|archive-date=January 21, 2013|access-date=March 18, 2013|publisher=National Research Council Canada}} and on average receives 2,344 hours of bright sunshine{{cite web|date=March 14, 2012|title=Sunniest Year Round|url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=40&submit=Submit|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415153955/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/winners/categorydata_e.html?SelectedCategory=40&submit=Submit|archive-date=April 15, 2012|access-date=June 2, 2016}} per year, making it one of Canada's sunniest cities.

The city is known for having cold winters, though its weather is milder than Regina, Saskatoon or Winnipeg,{{cite web | url=https://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/coldest-cities-winter.php | title=Coldest Canadian Cities in Winter | author=Liz Osborn | publisher=Current Results Publishing Ltd. | access-date=October 8, 2009 | quote=The cities included in these rankings are Canada's largest metropolitan areas. These are the 33 urban regions that had over 100,000 people according to the 2011 census by Statistics Canada. The temperature data are averages of weather measurements made from 1981 to 2010. |url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805050544/http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/Canada/coldest-cities-winter.php | archive-date=August 5, 2009 | df=mdy-all }} all of which are on a more southerly latitude than Edmonton. Its average daily temperatures range from a low of {{convert|-10.3|C}} in January to a summer peak of {{convert|18.1|C}} in July, with average maximum of {{convert|23.5|C}} in July and minimum of {{convert|-14.7|C}} in January. Temperatures can exceed {{convert|30|C}} for an average of four to five afternoons anytime from late April to mid-September and fall below {{convert|-20|C}} for an average of 24.6 days in the winter. The highest temperature recorded in Edmonton was {{convert|37.2|C}} on June 29, 1937{{cite web |work=Climate Data Almanac |title=Climate Data for June 1937 for Edmonton |publisher=Environment Canada |date=February 17, 2016 |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1880-07-01%7C1943-06-30&mlyRange=1880-01-01%7C1943-12-01&StationID=1863&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=6&Day=14&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&Year=1937 |access-date=February 17, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202025644/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1880-07-01%7C1943-06-30&mlyRange=1880-01-01%7C1943-12-01&StationID=1863&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=6&Day=14&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&Year=1937 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 }} and on July 2, 2013, a record high humidex of 44 was recorded due to an unusually humid day with a temperature of {{convert|33.9|C}} and a record high dew point of {{convert|23|C}}.{{cite web |title=Hourly Data Report for July 02, 2013 |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/hourly_data_e.html?timeframe=1&hlyRange=1999-06-23%7C2019-05-08&dlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2019-05-08&mlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2007-11-01&StationID=27214&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2019&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmon&Year=2013&Month=7&Day=2# |website=Environment and Climate Change Canada |date = October 31, 2011|publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=May 9, 2019 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510022748/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/hourly_data_e.html?timeframe=1&Year=2013&Month=7&Day=2&hlyRange=1999-06-23%7C2019-05-08&dlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2019-05-08&mlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2007-11-01&StationID=27214&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2019&selRowPerPage=25&Line=3&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmon |archive-date=May 10, 2019 }}{{cite news|last1=Classen |first1=Josh |title=Hot, humid and stormy – July 2, 2013 |url=http://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/edmonton-area-weather/hot-humid-and-stormy-july-2-2013-1.1349972 |access-date=January 30, 2016 |publisher=CTV News Edmonton |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204084501/http://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/edmonton-area-weather/hot-humid-and-stormy-july-2-2013-1.1349972 |archive-date=February 4, 2016 }} The lowest temperature ever recorded in Edmonton was {{convert|-49.4|C}} on January 19 and 21, 1886.{{cite web |work= Climate Data Almanac |title= January 1886 |publisher= Environment Canada |date= September 22, 2015 |url= http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1880-07-01%7C1943-06-30&mlyRange=1880-01-01%7C1943-12-01&StationID=1863&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&Year=1886&Month=1# |access-date= May 14, 2016 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160610070514/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1880-07-01%7C1943-06-30&mlyRange=1880-01-01%7C1943-12-01&StationID=1863&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&Year=1886&Month=1 |archive-date= June 10, 2016 |df= mdy-all }}

Edmonton has a fairly dry climate, receiving {{convert|422.5|mm|2|abbr=on}} of precipitation per year, of which {{convert|329.3|mm|2|abbr=on}} is rain and {{convert|93.2|mm|2|abbr=on}} is the melt from {{convert|123.9|cm|1|abbr=on}} from snowfall. Over 75% of the average annual precipitation falls in the late spring, summer, and early autumn, with the wettest month being July, having a mean precipitation of {{convert|93.8|mm|abbr=on|2}}, and the driest months being February, March, October, November and December. Significant snowfall accumulation typically begins in late October and tapers off by late March. Dry spells are not uncommon and may occur at any time of the year. Extremes do occur, such as the {{convert|114|mm|abbr=on|2}} of rainfall that fell on July 31, 1953. Much of the precipitation that Edmonton receives in the summer comes from late-day thunderstorms,{{Cite web|title=Edmonton climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time|url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/canada/edmonton|access-date=January 2, 2021|website=www.climatestotravel.com}}{{Cite web|title=Thunderstorm {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thunderstorm|access-date=April 1, 2021|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca}} which are frequent and occasionally severe enough to produce large hail, damaging winds, funnel clouds, and tornadoes.

The summer of 2006 was particularly warm for Edmonton, as temperatures reached {{convert|29|C}} or higher more than 20 times from mid-May to early September. Later, the summer of 2021 saw the temperature rise above {{convert|29|C}} on 23 days between June and August, while nearly breaking the record high temperature on June 30 with a temperature of {{convert|37.0|C}}.{{Cite web|last=Canada|first=Environment and Climate Change|date=October 31, 2011|title=Daily Data Report for June 2021 – Climate – Environment and Climate Change Canada|url=https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=1999-06-23%7C2022-01-03&dlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2022-01-03&mlyRange=1996-03-01%7C2007-11-01&StationID=27214&Prov=AB&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=2021&EndYear=2022&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&txtStationName=edmonton&timeframe=2&time=LST&Day=1&Year=2021&Month=6#|access-date=January 5, 2022|website=climate.weather.gc.ca|language=en}} The winter of 2011–12 was particularly warm: from December 22 through March 20 there were 53 occasions when Edmonton saw temperatures at or above {{convert|0.0|C}} at the City Centre Airport, and even warmer in the city proper.{{cite web |title=Daily Data Report for December 2011 |url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=12&Day=29&Year=2011&timeframe=2 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=September 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511020417/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=12&Day=29&Year=2011&timeframe=2 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}{{cite web |title=Daily Data Report for January 2012 |url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=1&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=September 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511012406/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=1&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}{{cite web |title=Daily Data Report for February 2012 |url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=2&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=September 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511042656/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=2&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}{{cite web |title=Daily Data Report for March 2012 |url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=3&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |publisher=Environment Canada |access-date=September 30, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511030212/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=31427&Month=3&Day=29&Year=2012&timeframe=2 |archive-date=May 11, 2013 }}

A massive cluster of thunderstorms swept through Edmonton on July 11, 2004, with large hail and over {{convert|100|mm|abbr=on}} of rain reported within an hour in many places.{{cite web|title=The Edmonton Hailstorm of 2004|url=http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/science/arma/cmos_2005/Brimelow_Julian_CMOS_2005.pdf|publisher=University of Alberta, Meteorological Service of Canada|access-date=April 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716102508/http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/science/arma/cmos_2005/Brimelow_Julian_CMOS_2005.pdf|archive-date=July 16, 2011|url-status=live}} This "1-in-200 year event" flooded major intersections and underpasses and damaged both residential and commercial properties. The storm caused extensive damage to West Edmonton Mall; a small glass section of the roof collapsed under the weight of the rainwater, causing water to drain onto the mall's indoor ice rink. As a result, the mall was evacuated as a precautionary measure.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/adjusters-assess-storm-damage-to-west-edmonton-mall-1.468426 |author=CBC |title=Adjusters assess storm damage to West Edmonton Mall |access-date=February 27, 2009 |work=CBC News |date=July 12, 2004 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309115400/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/07/12/edmonton_storm_new040712.html |archive-date=March 9, 2007}}

Twelve tornadoes had been recorded in Edmonton between 1890 and 1989,{{cite web|title=Atlas of the Edmonton Tornado and Hailstorm, 1987|url=https://sites.google.com/a/ualberta.ca/tornado/home/chapt8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927103657/https://sites.google.com/a/ualberta.ca/tornado/home/chapt8|archive-date=September 27, 2016|access-date=June 7, 2016|publisher=University of Alberta}} and eight since 1990.{{cite web|title=Canadian National Tornado Database: Verified Events (1980–2009) – Public|url=http://donnees.ec.gc.ca/data/weather/products/canadian-national-tornado-database-verified-events-1980-2009-public/?lang=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221013647/http://donnees.ec.gc.ca/data/weather/products/canadian-national-tornado-database-verified-events-1980-2009-public/?lang=en|archive-date=December 21, 2016|access-date=August 6, 2016|website=Environment Canada Data}} An F4 tornado that struck Edmonton on July 31, 1987, killing 27, was unusual in many respects, including severity, duration, damage, and casualties.{{Cite news|title=Thirty years after deadly Edmonton tornado, storms remain difficult to track|language=en|work=CBC News|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-tornado-black-friday-30th-anniversary-environment-canada-storm-tracking-1.4226615|url-status=live|access-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307060411/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-tornado-black-friday-30th-anniversary-environment-canada-storm-tracking-1.4226615|archive-date=March 7, 2018}}{{Cite web|last=Graney|first=Juris|date=July 29, 2016|title=All We Have Learned: 29 Years After Black Friday, Alberta's Worst Tornado Disaster|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/all-we-have-learned-29-years-after-black-friday-albertas-worst-tornado-disaster|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201082212/http://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/all-we-have-learned-29-years-after-black-friday-albertas-worst-tornado-disaster|archive-date=February 1, 2018|access-date=January 30, 2018|website=Edmonton Journal}} It is commonly referred to as Black Friday due both to its aberrant characteristics and the emotional shock it generated.{{cite news|date=May 23, 2013|title=1987 Edmonton tornado|work=CBC Digital Archives|publisher=CBC|url=http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/deadly-skies-canadas-most-destructive-tornadoes/1987-edmonton-tornado.html|url-status=live|access-date=July 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007110545/http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/environment/extreme-weather/deadly-skies-canadas-most-destructive-tornadoes/1987-edmonton-tornado.html|archive-date=October 7, 2014}} Then-mayor Laurence Decore cited the community's response to the tornado as evidence that Edmonton was a "city of champions," which later became an unofficial slogan of the city.{{cite news|author=Elizabeth Withey|date=July 31, 2007|title=Wanted: new slogan for Edmonton|newspaper=Edmonton Journal|publisher=Postmedia Network}}

{{Edmonton City Centre weatherbox}}

{{Edmonton International weatherbox}}

{{Main|Edmonton Metropolitan Region}}

File:Edmonton Skyline July 2020.jpg.]]

Edmonton is at the centre of Canada's sixth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA),{{cite web|title=Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=205&S=3&RPP=100|date=February 20, 2019|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=May 28, 2020}} which includes Edmonton and 34 other municipalities in the surrounding area.{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page_Hierarchy-Hierarchie.cfm?Lang=E&Tab=4&Geo1=CMA&Code1=835&Geo2=PR&Code2=48&Data=Count&SearchText=edmonton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |title=Census Profile, Geographic hierarchy: Edmonton (Census metropolitan area) |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=July 16, 2012 |access-date=November 24, 2012 }} Larger urban communities include Sherwood Park (an urban service area within Strathcona County), the cities of St. Albert, Beaumont, Leduc, Spruce Grove and Fort Saskatchewan, and the towns of Stony Plain, Morinville, and Devon.{{cite web |url=http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/toolkit/module2-abouttheref.pdf |title=About the Regional Evaluation Framework (REF) |publisher=Capital Region Board |access-date=November 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325201721/http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/toolkit/module2-abouttheref.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2013 }} Major employment areas outside Edmonton but within the CMA include the Nisku Industrial Business Park and the Edmonton International Airport (including a planned inland port logistics support facility in support of the Port Alberta initiative){{cite web | url= http://www.portalberta.com/transportation-services/ | title=Infrastructure | publisher=Port Alberta | access-date=May 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715110619/http://www.portalberta.com/transportation-services |archive-date=July 15, 2011}} in Leduc County, the Acheson Industrial Area in Parkland County, Refinery Row in Strathcona County and Alberta's Industrial Heartland{{cite web |url=http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/reports/crlanduseplan031209.pdf |title=Capital Region Land Use Plan |publisher=Capital Region Board |date=March 12, 2009 |access-date=November 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325201658/http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/reports/crlanduseplan031209.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2013 }} within portions of Fort Saskatchewan, Strathcona County and Sturgeon County.{{cite web | url=http://www.industrialheartland.com/images/stories/maps/asp%20-%20zoning.pdf | title=Alberta's Industrial Heartland: Eco Industrial Master Plan | publisher=Alberta's Industrial Heartland Association | date=November 1, 2007 | access-date=November 24, 2012 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Alberta's Industrial Heartland also extends beyond the CMA's northeastern boundary{{cite web |url=http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/toolkit/factsheet-geographicprofile.pdf |title=Geographic Profile |publisher=Capital Region Board |access-date=November 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325201710/http://capitalregionboard.ab.ca/-/toolkit/factsheet-geographicprofile.pdf |archive-date=March 25, 2013 }} into Lamont County.

The individual economic development interests and costs of service delivery in certain municipalities within the region have led to intermunicipal competition, strained intermunicipal relationships and overall fragmentation of the region. Although several attempts have been made by the City of Edmonton to absorb surrounding municipalities{{cite journal|last1=Plunkett|first1=T.J.|last2=Lightbody|first2=James|title=Tribunals, Politics, and the Public Interest: The Edmonton Annexation Case|jstor=3550157|publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=1982|pages=207–221|volume=8|issue=2|journal=Canadian Public Policy|doi=10.2307/3550157}} or annex portions of its neighbours,{{cite news | newspaper=Leduc Representative | title=Edmonton shelves airport annexation talks | publisher=Sun Media| date=July 14, 2005 }} the city has not absorbed another municipality since the Town of Jasper Place joined Edmonton on August 17, 1964,{{cite web|url=http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/pdf_search/pdf/CITY/0098/Edmonton_Gaz_BO_1234_1964_No42.pdf |author=Province of Alberta |title=Board Order No. 1234 |date=April 30, 1964 |access-date=February 11, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035426/http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/pdf_search/pdf/CITY/0098/Edmonton_Gaz_BO_1234_1964_No42.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2011 }} and the city has not annexed land from any of its neighbours since January 1, 1982.{{cite web|url=http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/pdf_search/pdf/CITY/0098/Edmonton_OC_538_81_1982_No6.pdf |author=Province of Alberta |title=Order in Council (O.C.) No. 538/81 |date=June 11, 1981 |access-date=February 11, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714035451/http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/pdf_search/pdf/CITY/0098/Edmonton_OC_538_81_1982_No6.pdf |archive-date=July 14, 2011 }} After years of mounting pressure in the early 21st century, the Province of Alberta formed the Capital Region Board (CRB) on April 15, 2008.{{cite web|url=http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/orders/orders_in_council/2008/408/2008_127.html |author=Province of Alberta |title=Order in Council (O.C.) No. 127/2008 |date=April 15, 2008 |access-date=February 11, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716180406/http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/orders/orders_in_council/2008/408/2008_127.html |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }} The CRB consists of 24 member municipalities – 22 of which are within the Edmonton CMA and two of which are outside the CMA. The City of Edmonton announced in March 2013 its intent to annex 156 square kilometres of land (including the Edmonton International Airport) from Leduc County.{{cite web|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/business/Edmonton+wants+annex+hectares+Leduc+County+including/8052733/story.html |title=Edmonton wants to annex 15,600 hectares of Leduc County, including airport |author=Stolte, Elise |newspaper=Edmonton Journal |publisher=Postmedia Network |date=March 5, 2013 |access-date=March 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308104418/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/business/Edmonton%2Bwants%2Bannex%2Bhectares%2BLeduc%2BCounty%2Bincluding/8052733/story.html |archive-date=March 8, 2013 |url-status=dead }}

On November 30, 2016, the City of Edmonton and Leduc County came to an agreement on Edmonton's annexation proposal. The City of Edmonton was poised to annex {{convert|12100|ha|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}} of land from Leduc County and Beaumont, including the Edmonton International Airport, as a result.{{cite web |url=https://www.edmonton.ca/projects_plans/annexation/proposed-annexation-lands-south-edmonton.aspx |title=Proposed Leduc County Annexation :: City of Edmonton |publisher=Edmonton.ca |date=December 6, 2016 |access-date=April 14, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201211044/https://www.edmonton.ca/projects_plans/annexation/proposed-annexation-lands-south-edmonton.aspx |archive-date=December 1, 2016 }}

On January 1, 2019, the City of Edmonton officially annexed {{convert|8260|ha|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}} from Leduc County and the City of Beaumont, increasing the city's area to {{convert|767.85|km2|abbr=on}}, with discussions of annexing an additional {{convert|2830|ha|km2 sqmi|abbr=on}} of Edmonton International Airport land still ongoing.

{{See also|List of neighbourhoods in Edmonton}}

File:Victoria Promenade.jpg. The neighbourhood borders downtown Edmonton.]]

Edmonton is divided into 375 neighbourhoods{{cite web|url=https://data.edmonton.ca/City-Administration/Neighbourhoods-data-plus-kml-file-/65fr-66s6 |title=Neighbourhoods (data plus kml file) |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=September 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512114415/https://data.edmonton.ca/City-Administration/Neighbourhoods-data-plus-kml-file-/65fr-66s6 |archive-date=May 12, 2012 }} within seven geographic sectors – a mature area sector, which includes neighbourhoods that were essentially built out before 1970,{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/MDP_Bylaw_15100.pdf |title=The Way We Grow: Municipal Development Plan Bylaw 15100 |publisher=City of Edmonton |date=June 23, 2010 |access-date=July 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313233109/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/MDP_Bylaw_15100.pdf |archive-date=March 13, 2016 }} and six surrounding suburban sectors.{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/PDF/Developing_and_Planned_Neighbourhoods_2011_-_Final_Report.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904040707/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/PDF/Developing_and_Planned_Neighbourhoods_2011_-_Final_Report.pdf | archive-date=September 4, 2013 | title=Edmonton Developing and Planned Neighbourhoods, 2011 | publisher=City of Edmonton | access-date=September 10, 2012}}

Edmonton's Downtown is within the city's mature area or inner city. It and the surrounding Boyle Street, Central McDougall, Cloverdale, Garneau, McCauley, Oliver, Queen Mary Park, Riverdale, Rossdale, Strathcona and University of Alberta form Edmonton's Central Core. Oliver and Garneau are the city's most populated and most densely populated neighbourhoods respectively. The mature area sector also contains the five former urban municipalities annexed by the city over its history: Beverly, Jasper Place, North Edmonton, Strathcona and West Edmonton (Calder).

Larger residential areas within Edmonton's six suburban sectors, each comprising multiple neighbourhoods,{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/EdmontonWardNeighbourhoods.pdf |title=City of Edmonton Wards & Standard Neighbourhoods |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=September 10, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503100206/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/EdmontonWardNeighbourhoods.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2014}} include Heritage Valley, Kaskitayo, Riverbend, Terwillegar Heights and Windermere (southwest sector); The Grange, Lewis Farms and West Jasper Place (west sector); Big Lake (northwest sector); Castle Downs, Lake District and The Palisades (north sector); Casselman-Steele Heights, Clareview, Hermitage, Londonderry and Pilot Sound (northeast sector); and Ellerslie, The Meadows, Mill Woods and Southeast Edmonton (southeast sector).{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/Plans_in_Effect.pdf |title=City of Edmonton Plans in Effect Map |publisher=City of Edmonton |date=October 2013 |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326082142/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PDF/Plans_in_Effect.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2014 }} Mill Woods is divided into a town centre community (Mill Woods Town Centre){{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Mill_Woods_Town_Centre_ASP_Consolidation.pdf | publisher=City of Edmonton | title=Mill Woods Town Centre Neighbourhood Area Structure Plan (Office Consolidation) | date=December 2006 | access-date=November 28, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503100454/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Mill_Woods_Town_Centre_ASP_Consolidation.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2014}} and eight surrounding communities:{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/for_residents/Mill_Woods_Development_Concept_Consolidation.pdf | title=Mill Woods Development Concept | publisher=City of Edmonton | access-date=February 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503101127/http://www.edmonton.ca/for_residents/Mill_Woods_Development_Concept_Consolidation.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2014}} Burnewood, Knottwood, Lakewood, Millbourne, Millhurst, Ridgewood, Southwood, and Woodvale.{{cite web|title=Community Leagues |url=http://www.seedmonton.ca/community_leagues/ |publisher=Mill Woods Presidents' Council |access-date=November 28, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627014026/http://seedmonton.ca/community_leagues |archive-date=June 27, 2013 }}{{cite web | url=http://www.edmonton.ca/for_residents/2006_DEMOGRAPHIC_Lee_Ridge.pdf#xml=http://search1.edmonton.ca/texis/ThunderstoneSearchService/pdfhi.txt?query=millbourne&pr=www.edmonton.ca&prox=page&rorder=750&rprox=250&rdfreq=0&rwfreq=0&rlead=750&rdepth=0&sufs=0&order=r&cq=&id=50925eb240 |title=Lee Ridge Neighbourhood Profile |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=November 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326032721/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Lee_Ridge.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2014}} Each has between two and four neighbourhoods.

File:2008-12-27 Candy Cane Lane 013.jpg, a residential neighbourhood typical of most suburban areas of Edmonton]]

Several transit-oriented developments (TOD) have begun to appear along the LRT line at Clareview, with future developments planned at Belvedere (part of the Old Town Fort Road Redevelopment Project).{{cite web |author=City of Edmonton, Planning |title=Fort Road Old Town Master Plan |publisher=City of Edmonton |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/projects_redevelopment/old-town-fort-road-redevelopment.aspx |access-date=May 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501114302/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/projects_redevelopment/old-town-fort-road-redevelopment.aspx |archive-date=May 1, 2012 }} Another TOD, Century Park,{{cite web |author=Century Park Club and Residences |title=centuryCentral |publisher=ProCura |url=http://www.centurypark.ca/ |access-date=October 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012073230/http://centurypark.ca/ |archive-date=October 12, 2007}} is being constructed at the site of what was once Heritage Mall, at the southern end of the LRT line. Century Park will eventually house up to 5,000 residents.{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/SLRT-SIPBrochure.pdf |title=Century Park to Ellerslie Road Preliminary Engineering |author=City of Edmonton |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=February 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326100253/http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/SLRT-SIPBrochure.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2014}}

File:Row Housing Blatchford Edmonton.jpg

The Edmonton City Centre Airport is being redeveloped into a sustainable community of 30,000 people called Blatchford, comprising a transit-oriented mixed use town centre, townhouses, low, medium and high rise apartments, neighbourhood retail and service uses, renewable energy, district heating and cooling, and a major park.{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/City_Centre_ARP_Consolidation.pdf |title=City Centre Redevelopment Area Redevelopment Plan |publisher=City of Edmonton | date=May 2012 |access-date=November 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326082754/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/City_Centre_ARP_Consolidation.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2014}} The first residents moved into Blatchford in November 2020.{{Cite web|title=First show home opens in Edmonton's Blatchford neighbourhood|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7500845/blatchford-edmonton-show-home-open/|access-date=December 4, 2020|website=Global News|language=en-US}}

Edmonton has four major industrial districts: the Northwest Industrial District, the Northeast Industrial District, the Southeast Industrial District, and the emerging Edmonton Energy and Technology Park,{{cite web |title=Edmonton's Industrial Neighbourhoods |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/edmontons-industrial-neighbourhoods.aspx |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=November 26, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125002106/http://edmonton.ca/business_economy/edmontons-industrial-neighbourhoods.aspx |archive-date=January 25, 2013 }} which is part of Alberta's Industrial Heartland.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/industrial_development/edmonton-energy-technology-park.aspx |title=Edmonton Energy and Technology Park |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326042212/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/industrial_development/edmonton-energy-technology-park.aspx |archive-date=March 26, 2015 }} The northwest, northeast and southeast districts each have smaller industrial areas and neighbourhoods within them.

The city has established 12 business revitalization zones: 124 Street and Area, Alberta Avenue, Beverly, Downtown, Chinatown and Little Italy, Fort Road and Area, Inglewood, Kingsway, North Edge, Northwest Industrial, Old Strathcona and Stony Plain Road.{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/business_resources/business-revitalization-zones.aspx |author=The City of Edmonton |title=Business Revitalization Zones |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503115318/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/business_resources/business-revitalization-zones.aspx |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }}

{{:Demographics of Edmonton}}

{{Main|Demographics of Edmonton}}

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Edmonton had a population of 1,010,899 living in 396,404 of its 428,857 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:1010899-933088}}|933088|1}} from its 2016 population of 933,088. With a land area of {{cvt|765.61|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|1010899|765.61|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000248 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=February 9, 2022}}

At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Edmonton CMA had a population of {{val|1418118|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|548624|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|589554|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:1418118-1321441}}|1321441|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|1321441|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|9416.19|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|1418118|9416.19|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000501 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=March 28, 2022}}

The population of the City of Edmonton according to its 2019 municipal census is 972,223,{{cite web | url=https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/facts_figures/municipal-census-results.aspx | title=2019 Municipal Census Results | publisher=City of Edmonton | date=September 5, 2019 | access-date=September 5, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916195820/https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/facts_figures/municipal-census-results.aspx | archive-date=September 16, 2019 | url-status=live }} a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:972223-899447}}|899447|1}} from its 2016 municipal census population of 899,447.{{cite book |url=http://municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/documents/msb/2016_Municipal_Affairs_Population_List.pdf |title=2016 Municipal Affairs Population List |publisher=Alberta Municipal Affairs |isbn=978-1-4601-3127-5 |access-date=January 28, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116155759/http://municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/documents/msb/2016_Municipal_Affairs_Population_List.pdf |archive-date=January 16, 2017 }}{{cite book|url=http://municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/documents/msb/2015_Municipal_Affairs_Population_List.pdf |title=2015 Municipal Affairs Population List |publisher=Alberta Municipal Affairs |isbn=978-1-4601-2630-1 |access-date=January 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004185447/http://municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/documents/msb/2015_Municipal_Affairs_Population_List.pdf |archive-date=October 4, 2016 }} After factoring in dwellings that did not respond to the municipal census, Edmonton's population is further estimated to be 992,812.{{cite web | url=https://myemail.constantcontact.com/News-Release---City-of-Edmonton-population-vibrant-and-growing-steadily.html?soid=1127191170163&aid=0TvuNEX1Fd0 | title=City of Edmonton population vibrant and growing steadily | publisher=City of Edmonton | date=September 5, 2019 | access-date=September 5, 2019}} Per its municipal census policy,{{cite web |url=https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PoliciesDirectives/C520C.pdf |title=Municipal Census Policy |publisher=City of Edmonton |date=May 15, 2018 |access-date=August 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830072005/https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PoliciesDirectives/C520C.pdf |archive-date=August 30, 2018 |url-status=live}} the city's next municipal census is scheduled for 2020.{{Cite web|title=Edmonton's official population rises to 972,223|url=https://www.taprootedmonton.ca/news/2019/09/05/edmontons-official-population-rises-to-972223/|last=Male|first=Mack|website=Taproot Edmonton|date=September 5, 2019|language=en-CA|access-date=May 17, 2020}}

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Edmonton had a population of 932,546 living in 360,828 of its 387,950 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:932546-812201}}|812201|1}} from its 2011 population of 812,201. With a land area of {{convert|685.25|km2|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|932546|685.25|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2016.

The 2016 municipal census captured more detailed demographic information on residents, including age and gender, marital status, employment status, length of residency, prior residence, employment transportation mode, citizenship, school residency, economic diversity, city resource access, highest educational attainment, household language and income, as well as dwellings and properties, including ownership, structure and status.{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/census/Summary%20Report%20of%20All%20Questions_EDMONTON_2016.pdf |title=Summary of All Questions: 2016 Municipal Census |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=August 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831233230/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/census/Summary%20Report%20of%20All%20Questions_EDMONTON_2016.pdf |archive-date=August 31, 2016}}

The 2011 Census reported that 50.2 percent of the population (407,325) was female while 49.8 percent (404,875) was male. The average age of the city's population was 36.0 years while there was an average 2.5 people per household.{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4811061&Geo2=PR&Code2=48&Data=Count&SearchText=Edmonton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=4811061 |title=Census Profile: Edmonton, City, Alberta (Census subdivision) |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=November 2, 2012 |access-date=January 12, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207103012/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4811061&Geo2=PR&Code2=48&Data=Count&SearchText=Edmonton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=4811061 |archive-date=February 7, 2013 }}

The Edmonton census metropolitan area (CMA) has the fifth-greatest population of CMAs in Canada and the second-greatest in Alberta, but has the largest land area in Canada. It had a population of 1,159,869 in the 2011 Census compared to its 2006 population of 1,034,945. Its five-year population change of 12.1 percent was second only to the Calgary CMA between 2006 and 2011. With a land area of {{convert|9426.73|km2|abbr=on}}, the Edmonton CMA had a population density of {{Pop density|1159869|9426.73|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2011. Statistics Canada's latest estimate of the Edmonton CMA population, as of July 1, 2016, is 1,363,300{{cite web |title=Population of census metropolitan areas |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo05a-eng.htm |work=Statistics Canada |date=February 26, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216151031/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo05a-eng.htm |archive-date=December 16, 2016 }}

The Edmonton population centre is the core{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/dict/geo009-eng.cfm |title=Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA) |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=August 23, 2012 |access-date=January 12, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207103008/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/dict/geo009-eng.cfm |archive-date=February 7, 2013 }} of the Edmonton CMA. This core includes the cities of Edmonton, Fort Saskatchewan and St. Albert, the Sherwood Park portion of Strathcona County, and portions of Parkland County and Sturgeon County.{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/geo/map-carte/pdf/CMA-CA-CT_RMR-AR-SR/2011-92146-835-00.pdf |title=Census Tract by CMA / CA (Edmonton) |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=November 16, 2011 |access-date=January 12, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207102940/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/geo/map-carte/pdf/CMA-CA-CT_RMR-AR-SR/2011-92146-835-00.pdf |archive-date=February 7, 2013 }} The Edmonton population centre, the fifth-largest in Canada, had a population of 960,015 in 2011, an 11.3 percent increase over its 2006 population of 862,544.{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=802&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=9999&PR=48&CMA=0 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and population centres, 2011 and 2006 censuses (Alberta) |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=February 8, 2012 |access-date=February 8, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207103003/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=802&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=9999&PR=48&CMA=0 |archive-date=February 7, 2013 }}

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 324,315 persons or 32.5% of the total population of Edmonton. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were Philippines (54,850 persons or 16.9%), India (50,435 persons or 15.6%), China (21,110 persons or 6.5%), Vietnam (10,280 persons or 3.2%), United Kingdom (9,990 persons or 3.1%), Pakistan (8,895 persons or 2.7%), Hong Kong (6,985 persons or 2.2%), Poland (6,470 persons or 2.0%), United States of America (6,295 persons or 1.9%), and Somalia (5,765 persons or 1.8%).{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00054811061&SearchText=edmonton |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}

{{See also|Demographics of Edmonton#City of Edmonton}}

{{Pie chart

| caption=Pan-ethnic breakdown of Edmonton from the 2021 census{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=October 26, 2022 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Edmonton&DGUIDlist=2021A00054811061&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}

| label1 = European{{efn|Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.|name="euro"}}

| value1 = 51.39

| color1 = white

| label2 = South Asian

| value2 = 11.54

| color2 = #804000

| label3 = Southeast Asian{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.|name="SoutheastAsian"}}

| value3 = 9.01

| color3 = orange

| label4 = Black

| value4 = 7.58

| color4 = black

| label5 = East Asian{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.|name="EastAsian"}}

| value5 = 7.02

| color5 = yellow

| label6 = Indigenous

| value6 = 5.84

| color6 = red

| label7 = Middle Eastern{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.|name="MiddleEastern"}}

| value7 = 3.83

| color7 = darkgreen

| label8 = Latin American

| value8 = 1.95

| color8 = brown

| label9 = Other{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, {{abbr|n.i.e.|not included elsewhere}}" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.|name="Other"}}

| value9 = 1.84

| color9 = grey

}}

According to the 2021 census, 51.4% of Edmonton's population were of European ethnicities, the most frequent of which included the English ({{percentage|132440|996490|1}}), Scottish ({{percentage|116785|996490|1}}), German ({{percentage|115540|996490|1}}), Irish ({{percentage|108030|996490|1}}), Ukrainian ({{percentage|92615|996490|1}}), French ({{percentage|73060|996490|1}}), and Polish ({{percentage|44080|996490|1}}) {{cite web |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=edmonton&DGUIDlist=2021A00054811061&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=August 8, 2024}} {{percentage|84995|996490|1}} of the population identified their ethnic origin as Canadian, counted as non-visible minority in the census. Other ethnic groups and origins included, among others:{{cite web |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=edmonton&DGUIDlist=2021A00054811061&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=August 8, 2024}}

• East and Southeast Asian ({{percentage|159720|996490|1}}) ({{percentage|70550|996490|1}} Filipino, {{percentage|59,740 |996490|1}} Chinese, and {{percentage|14,465|996490|1}} Vietnamese);
• South Asian ({{percentage|114,985|996490|1}}) ({{percentage|61940|996490|1}} Indian);
• Indigenous ({{percentage|58165|996490|1}} ({{percentage|27840|996490|1}} First Nations and {{percentage|27570|996490|1}} Métis);
• Black ({{percentage|75525|996490|1}});
• Latin American ({{percentage|19455|996490|1}}) and
• West Asian and Arab ({{percentage|38175|996490|1}} ({{percentage|12085|996490|1}} Lebanese)).

The 2016 census also reported that {{percentage|339035|913585|1}} of Edmonton's population identified themselves as visible minorities.{{cite web | url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4811061&Geo2=CD&Code2=4811&Data=Count&SearchText=edmonton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1 | title=Census Profile, 2016 Census: Edmonton, City [Census subdivision], Alberta and Division No. 11, Census division [Census division], Alberta – Visible minority | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=April 24, 2018 | access-date=January 6, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108041015/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4811061&Geo2=CD&Code2=4811&Data=Count&SearchText=edmonton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Visible%20minority&TABID=1 | archive-date=January 8, 2019 |url-status=live }} The most frequent visible minorities included South Asian ({{percentage|86550|913585|1}}), Chinese ({{percentage|57715|913585|1}}), Black ({{percentage|54285|913585|1}}), Filipino ({{percentage|53980|913585|1}}), and Arab ({{percentage|23970|913585|1}}).

{{Main|Religion in Edmonton}}

{{Pie chart

|caption = Edmonton religious affiliation (2021){{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00054811061&SearchText=edmonton|author=Statistics Canada|title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population|date=February 9, 2022 |publisher=Government of Canada|access-date=June 20, 2023}}

|other =

|label1 = Christianity|value1 = 44.6|color1 = DodgerBlue

|label2 = Islam|value2 = 8.3|color2 = Green

|label3 = Sikhism|value3 = 4.2|color3 = DarkKhaki

|label4 = Hinduism|value4 = 3.4|color4 = DarkOrange

|label5 = Buddhism|value5 = 1.5|color5 = Gold

|label6 = Judaism|value6 = 0.4|color6 = DarkBlue

|label7 = Indigenous spirituality|value7 = 0.2|color7 = Red

|label8 = Other religion|value8 = 1.0|color8 = Grey

|label9 = Irreligion|value9 = 36.4|color9 = White

}}

Edmonton is home to members of a number of world religions. According to the 2021 Census, 44.6 percent of metropolitan Edmonton residents identify as Christian. Significant religious minorities include Muslims (8.3 percent), Sikhs (4.1 percent), Buddhists (1.5 percent), Hindus (3.4 percent), Jewish people (0.4 percent), and practitioners of traditional Aboriginal spirituality (0.2 percent). Those belonging to smaller religions account for 1.1 percent, while 36.4 percent profess no religious affiliation.

Within Christianity, major denominations include the Roman Catholic Church (44.4 percent of self-identified Christians) and the United Church (10.5 percent). Edmonton is home to four major cathedrals, with St. Joseph's Basilica seating the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton, All Saints' Cathedral seating the Anglican Diocese of Edmonton, St. Josaphat Cathedral seating the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Edmonton, and St. John Cathedral seating the Ukrainian Orthodox Eparchy of Western Canada. Additionally, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are served by the Edmonton Alberta Temple. Edmonton also hosts a Maronite Catholic church.

In the 1930s, the local Muslim community began organizing to build a mosque. A local Muslim woman, Hilwie Hamdon, met with the mayor to acquire the land, and campaigned to raise $5,000 for the building. In 1938, Abdullah Yusuf Ali was present at the opening of the new Al-Rashid Mosque, which became the first mosque established in Canada and the third in North America.{{cite web |url=http://muslim-canada.org/alrashidmosque.html |work=The Friday Bulletin |title=Al-Rashid Mosque |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305234233/http://muslim-canada.org/alrashidmosque.html |archive-date=March 5, 2009 }} In the 1980s, Muslim students at the University of Alberta found it difficult to rent prayer rooms large enough to accommodate the local population, and opened the Muslim Community of Edmonton as a mosque and outreach centre in 1992.{{cite web|url=https://www.mcemosque.com/about-us|access-date=September 19, 2019|title=About Us|website=MCE Mosque|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920064016/https://www.mcemosque.com/about-us|archive-date=September 20, 2019|url-status=live}} From these beginnings, Muslims now form the city's largest religious minority, with 83,015 members (2021) representing over 62 ethnic backgrounds{{cite web|url=https://alrashidmosque.ca/our-story/|website=Al Rashid|title=The History of Al Rashid Mosque|access-date=September 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708222629/https://alrashidmosque.ca/our-story/|archive-date=July 8, 2019|url-status=live}} at over 20 Edmonton-area mosques (2019).{{cite web|url=https://www.salatomatic.com/sub/w3NnWVwH2C|website=salatomatic|access-date=September 19, 2019|title=Edmonton Metro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920064016/https://www.salatomatic.com/sub/w3NnWVwH2C|archive-date=September 20, 2019|url-status=live}}

Edmonton's Jewish community is represented by the Jewish Federation of Edmonton, operating the historic Edmonton Jewish Cemetery, purchased in 1907. The city contains six synagogues.{{cite news|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/edmonton-synagogue-led-by-husband-and-wife-rabbi-team|title=Edmonton synagogue led by husband-and-wife rabbi team|publisher=Edmonton Journal|date=October 24, 2015|access-date=September 19, 2019|author=Janet Vlieg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920071021/https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/edmonton-synagogue-led-by-husband-and-wife-rabbi-team|archive-date=September 20, 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishedmonton.org/ |author=Jewish Federation of Edmonton |title=Jewish Federation of Edmonton |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528053001/http://www.jewishedmonton.org/ |archive-date=May 28, 2008 }} The oldest, Beth Israel, was established in 1912 and served as home of Canada's first Jewish day school. Other Abrahamic religions active in Edmonton include the Baháʼí Faith, operating a Baháʼí Centre in Norwood, and Druze, with its Canadian Druze Centre located in the Northwest Industrial District.{{cite web |url=http://edmontonbahai.org/about-us/ |title=About Us |publisher=Baháʼí Community of Edmonton |access-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904005802/http://edmontonbahai.org/about-us/ |archive-date=September 4, 2013 }}{{cite web|url=https://edmontondruze.ca/pageHome.php|title=The Druze Association of Edmonton|access-date=September 19, 2019}}{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

File:St Joseph s Basillica Compressed.jpg is the only Roman Catholic basilica in Western Canada. In 2021, 21.0 percent of residents of Edmonton identified as Catholic.]]

The Hindu community of Edmonton is served by the Hindu Society of Alberta{{cite web |url=http://www.hindusociety.ab.ca |work=The Friday Bulletin |title=Hindu Society of Alberta |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114214419/http://www.hindusociety.ab.ca/ |archive-date=January 14, 2009 }} (North Indian Temple), the Maha Ganapathy Society of Alberta (South Indian - Sri Lankan Tamil Temple), Bhartiya Cultural Society Of Alberta and [https://iskconedmonton.ca Sri Sri Radha Govindaji Mandir (Iskcon Edmonton)].{{cite web|url=http://www.mahaganapathytemple.com |author=Maha Ganapathy Temple (Hindu Temple) |title=Maha Ganapathy Temple (Hindu Temple) |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227084317/http://www.mahaganapathytemple.com/ |archive-date=February 27, 2009 }} The Sikh community in Edmonton is served by four gurdwaras. Edmonton is also home to two of Alberta's five Unitarian Universalist congregations – the Unitarian Church of Edmonton{{cite web|url=http://www.uce.ca/ |title=Welcome to the Unitarian Church of Edmonton |publisher=Unitarian Church of Edmonton |access-date=May 4, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027015148/http://www.uce.ca/ |archive-date=October 27, 2009 }} and the Westwood Unitarian Congregation;{{cite web|url=http://www.westwoodunitarian.ca/ |title=Welcome to Westwood |publisher=Westwood Unitarian Congregation |access-date=March 28, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408033806/http://www.westwoodunitarian.ca/ |archive-date=April 8, 2010 }} the other three are located in Calgary, Lethbridge, and Red Deer.{{cite web|url=http://cuc.ca/congregations/ |author=Canadian Unitarian Council |title=Congregations |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003309/http://cuc.ca/congregations/ |archive-date=May 23, 2014 }}

{{See also|Economy of Alberta}}

File:Bell Tower, Edmonton.jpg.{{Cite web|url=https://albertainnovates.ca/who-we-are/contact/|title=Contact us|website=Alberta Innovates|language=en-CA|access-date=April 27, 2020}} ]]

Edmonton is the major economic centre for northern and central Alberta and a major centre for the oil and gas industry. As of 2014, the estimated value of major projects within the Edmonton Metropolitan Region was $57.8-billion, of which $34.4-billion are within the oil and gas, oil sands, and pipeline sectors.{{cite web|url=http://www.albertacanada.com/business/statistics-and-publications.aspx |title=Inventory of Major Projects (Capital Region) |publisher=Government of Alberta |type=CSV |access-date=March 5, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225102548/http://www.albertacanada.com/business/statistics-and-publications.aspx |archive-date=February 25, 2014 }}

Edmonton traditionally has been a hub for Albertan petrochemical industries, earning it the nickname "Oil Capital of Canada" in the 1940s.{{cite web|url=http://www.omaccanada.ca/en/market/edmonton/default.omac|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424145945/http://www.omaccanada.ca/en/market/edmonton/default.omac|archive-date=April 24, 2016|author= OMAC|title=Edmonton Market Profile|access-date=March 6, 2009}} Supply and service industries drive the energy extraction engine, while research develops new technologies and supports expanded value-added processing of Alberta's massive oil, gas, and oil sands reserves. These are reported to be the second-largest in the world, after Saudi Arabia.{{cite web|url=http://www.advancededandtech.alberta.ca/media/216155/alberta%20produces%20fact%20sheet.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205113232/http://www.advancededandtech.alberta.ca/media/216155/alberta%20produces%20fact%20sheet.pdf|archive-date=December 5, 2010|title=Alberta Fact Sheet|publisher=Government of Alberta|access-date=October 26, 2009}}

Much of the growth in technology sectors is due to Edmonton's reputation as one of Canada's premier research and education centres. Research initiatives are anchored by educational institutions such as the University of Alberta (U of A) as well as government initiatives underway at Alberta Innovates and Edmonton Research Park. The U of A campus is home to the National Institute for Nanotechnology.{{cite web| author =University of Alberta Faculty of Engineering| title = U of A Receives $15 Million for Nanosystems Research Facility| publisher = University of Alberta Faculty of Engineering| url = http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/rso/news.cfm?story=30264 |access-date = March 6, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060512171125/http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/rso/news.cfm?story=30264 |archive-date = May 12, 2006}}

File:Downtown edmonton.jpg in 2018]]

During the 1970s and 1980s, Edmonton became a major financial centre, with both regional offices of Canada's major banks and locally based institutions opening.{{cite web|url=http://www.albertasource.ca/realestate/industry/hist_urban_growth.html |author=Alberta's Real Estate History |title=The Era of Urban Growth (1961–1981) |access-date=March 6, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208161631/http://www.albertasource.ca/realestate/industry/hist_urban_growth.html |archive-date=December 8, 2010 }} The turmoil of the late-1980s economy radically changed the situation. Locally based operations such as Principal Trust and Canadian Commercial Bank{{cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-commercial-bank/ |author=The Canadian Encyclopedia |author-link=The Canadian Encyclopedia |title=Canadian Commercial Bank |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503115346/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-commercial-bank/ |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }} would fail, and some regional offices were moved to other cities. The 1990s saw a solidification of the economy, and Edmonton is now home to Canadian Western Bank, the only publicly traded Schedule I chartered bank headquarters west of Toronto.{{cite web|url=http://www.cwbankgroup.com/ |author=Canadian Western Bank Group |title=Canadian Western Bank Group |access-date=March 6, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303164152/http://www.cwbankgroup.com/ |archive-date=March 3, 2009 }} Other major financial institutions include Alberta Investment Management Corporation (AIMCo), ATB Financial, Servus Credit Union (formerly Capital City Savings), TD Canada Trust and Manulife Financial.{{cite web|url=http://relocatecanada.com/edmonton/banks.html |author=Financial Services, Edmonton |title=Financial Services, Edmonton |access-date=March 6, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218122521/http://relocatecanada.com/edmonton/banks.html |archive-date=February 18, 2009 }}

Edmonton has been the birthplace of several companies that have grown to international stature.{{cite web|url=http://www.pcl.com/Meet-the-PCL-Family/History/Pages/International.aspx |author=PCL |title=PCL History |access-date=May 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426235413/http://www.pcl.com/Meet-the-PCL-Family/History/Pages/International.aspx |archive-date=April 26, 2012 }} The local retail market has also seen the creation of many successful store concepts, such as The Brick, Katz Group, AutoCanada, Boston Pizza, Pizza 73, Liquor Stores GP (which includes Liquor Depot, Liquor Barn, OK Liquor, and Grapes & Grains), Planet Organic, Shaw Communications, Empire Design, Running Room, Booster Juice, Earl's, Fountain Tire and XS Cargo.{{cite web|url=http://www.hoovers.com/free/geo/index.xhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208035731/http://www.hoovers.com/free/geo/index.xhtml |archive-date=February 8, 2010 |location=Edmonton |title=Hoover's Company Directory |access-date=March 6, 2009 |url-status=dead }} Bioware, a video game developer owned by American Publisher Electronic Arts, is also based in Edmonton.

Edmonton's geographical location has made it an ideal spot for distribution and logistics. CN Rail's North American operational facility is located in the city, as well as a major intermodal facility that handles all incoming freight from the port of Prince Rupert, British Columbia.{{cite news |url=http://blog.canoe.ca/hicksonsix/2007/09/08/edmonton_and_the_prince_rupert_container |author=Hicks, Graham |newspaper=Edmonton Sun |title=Edmonton and the Prince Rupert Container Port |access-date=March 6, 2009 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080510140900/http://blog.canoe.ca/hicksonsix/2007/09/08/edmonton_and_the_prince_rupert_container |archive-date=May 10, 2008}} In early 2020, CN Rail announced that it was closing its Montreal control centre and would eventually close its Vancouver control centre as well, with a goal to consolidate all of its control operations into Edmonton.{{Cite web|title=CN to close Montreal's rail traffic control centre, affecting over 100 jobs|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6522704/cn-rail-montreal-relocation/|website=Global News|language=en|access-date=May 17, 2020|first1=Alessia Simona|last1=Maratta}}

File:WestEdmontonMall2017.jpg is the second-largest shopping mall in the Americas.]]

Edmonton is home to several shopping malls and the second largest mall in North America, West Edmonton Mall, which is also considered to be the 10th largest mall in the world.{{cite web |url=http://nutmeg.easternct.edu/~pocock/MallsWorld.htm |title=World's Largest Shopping Malls |author=Eastern Connecticut State University |date=January 2007 |access-date=December 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305041824/http://nutmeg.easternct.edu/~pocock/MallsWorld.htm

|archive-date=March 5, 2012}}{{cite press release |url=http://www.emporis.com/pdf/Pressrelease_20120207_ENG.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113192553/http://www.emporis.com/pdf/Pressrelease_20120207_ENG.pdf |archive-date=November 13, 2013 |title=World's 10 biggest shopping malls |author=Emporis |date=February 7, 2012 |url-status=usurped |access-date=December 12, 2013}} Other mentionable malls include Bonnie Doon Shopping Centre, Edmonton City Centre (a combination of the former Edmonton Centre and Eaton Centre malls), Southgate Centre, Kingsway Mall, Northgate Centre, Riverview Crossing, Londonderry Mall, and Mill Woods Town Centre.{{cite web|url=http://www.discoveredmonton.com/Edmonton/Shopping/ShoppingMalls/ |author=Edmonton Shopping Malls |title=Malls In Edmonton |access-date=March 7, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512022741/http://www.discoveredmonton.com/Edmonton/Shopping/ShoppingMalls/ |archive-date=May 12, 2008 }}

Edmonton also has many big box shopping centres and power centres. Some of the major ones include South Edmonton Common (one of North America's largest open air retail developments),{{cite web|url=http://southedmontoncommon.com/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212095448/http://southedmontoncommon.com/index.htm|archive-date=February 12, 2008|author=South Edmonton Common|title=South Edmonton Common|access-date=February 28, 2009}} RioCan Mayfield, Westpoint Centre, Skyview Centre, Terra Losa Centre, Unity Square, SouthPark Centre, The Meadows, Christy's Corner, Currents of Windermere, and Manning Village.{{cite web |url=http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/business/story.html?id=1b9e9fa4-046c-493f-8645-1d14d7df140d |author=Collier International |title=Windermere Power Centre |access-date=May 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412192541/http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/news/business/story.html?id=1b9e9fa4-046c-493f-8645-1d14d7df140d |archive-date=April 12, 2013 }}

In contrast to suburban centres, Edmonton has many urban retail locations. The largest of them all, Old Strathcona, includes many independent stores between 99 Street and 109 Street, on Whyte Avenue and in the surrounding area.{{cite web |url=http://www.rewedmonton.ca/content_view2?CONTENT_ID=139 |author=Real Estate Weekly |title=The Plays the Thing in Old Strathcona |access-date=March 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908193312/http://www.rewedmonton.ca/content_view2?CONTENT_ID=139 |archive-date=September 8, 2013}} Old Strathcona also houses the city's largest indoor farmer's market with over 130 vendors selling local and regional produce, meat, crafts, and clothing year-round.{{Cite web|last=MacGregor|first=Sandra|title=Discover Why Edmonton, Alberta Is One Of Canada's Hottest Destinations|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sandramacgregor/2020/01/09/discover-why-edmonton-is-one-of-canadas-hottest-destinations/|access-date=December 29, 2020|website=Forbes|language=en}} In and around Downtown Edmonton, there are a few shopping districts, including the Edmonton City Centre mall, Jasper Avenue, and 104 Street. Near Oliver, 124 Street is home to a significant number of retail stores. Edmonton is the Canadian testing ground for many American retailers, such as Bath & Body Works and Calvin Klein.{{cite book|last1=Goyette|first1=Linda|last2=Roemmich|first2=Carolina Jakeway|title=Edmonton in Our Own Words|date=2005|publisher=University of Alberta|location=Edmonton|isbn=9780888644497|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRtWO4osCYYC&q=Edmonton+in+Our+Own+Words|access-date=April 14, 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224010838/https://books.google.com/books?id=JRtWO4osCYYC&dq=Edmonton+in+Our+Own+Words&source=gbs_navlinks_s|archive-date=December 24, 2017}}

{{See also|List of attractions and landmarks in Edmonton}}

Many events are anchored in the downtown Arts District around Churchill Square (named in honour of Sir Winston Churchill). On the south side of the river, the university district and Whyte Avenue contain theatres, concert halls, and various live music venues. The centrepiece of the square builds a life-size bronze statue of Churchill, unveiled by Lady Soames on May 24, 1989. It is a copy of a statue by Oscar Nemon.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

File:Winspear centre.JPG is a performing arts centre in downtown Edmonton. The centre is home to the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra.]]

Francis Winspear Centre for Music{{cite web|url=http://www.winspearcentre.com/about/history/ |author=Francis Winspear Centre |title=Winspear Centre History |access-date=June 22, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713002059/http://www.winspearcentre.com/about/history/ |archive-date=July 13, 2012 }} opened in 1997 after years of planning and fundraising.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmontonsymphony.com/support/reasons-to-give/ |author=Edmonton Symphony Orchestra |title=Support ESO – Reasons to Give |access-date=June 22, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625155005/http://www.edmontonsymphony.com/support/reasons-to-give/ |archive-date=June 25, 2012 }} Described as one of the most acoustically perfect concert halls in Canada, it is home to the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and hosts a wide variety of shows every year. It seats 1,932 patrons and houses the $3-million Davis Concert Organ, the largest concert organ in Canada.{{cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/francis-winspear-centre-for-music-emc/ |author=The Canadian Encyclopedia |author-link=The Canadian Encyclopedia |title=Francis Winspear Centre for Music |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503115026/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/francis-winspear-centre-for-music-emc/ |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }}

Citadel Theatre, named after The Salvation Army Citadel in which Joe Shoctor first started the Citadel Theatre Company in 1965. It is now one of the largest theatre complexes in Canada, with five halls, each specializing in different kinds of productions.{{cite web |url=http://www.citadeltheatre.com/about-us/ |author=Citadel Theatre |title=About Us |work=The Citadel Theatre |access-date=July 19, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203040946/http://www.citadeltheatre.com/about-us/ |archive-date=December 3, 2014}} In 2015 the Citadel Theatre also became home to Catalyst Theatre.

Northern Alberta Jubilee Auditorium, a 2,534 seat venue which had over a year of heavy renovations as part of the province's 2005 centennial celebrations. Both it and its southern twin in Calgary were constructed in 1955 for the province's golden jubilee and have hosted many concerts, musicals, and ballets. On the front of the building is a quote from Suetonius' Life of Augustus: "He found a city built of brick – left it built of marble."{{Cite web |title=C. Suetonius Tranquillus, Divus Augustus, chapter 29 |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0132:life=aug.:chapter=29 |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}} It is located on the University of Alberta grounds.

The Edmonton Theatre District in neighbourhood of Old Strathcona have a number of venues including the ATB Financial Arts Barns (headquarters of the Edmonton International Fringe Festival), The Walterdale Playhouse, and the Varscona Theatre (base of operations for several theatre companies, including Teatro la Quindicina, Shadow Theatre, Die-Nasty, Plane Jane Theatre, and Grindstone Theatre!).

The Roxy is a purpose-built theatre and multidisciplinary arts centre that opened on April 14, 2022, and is owned and operated by [https://theatrenetwork.ca/ Theatre Network]. This venue is located on 124th Street.

Mayfield Dinner Theatre is a live performance theatre bringing entertainment to Edmontonians for over 50 years. The Theatre is famous for its dining and world-class productions, featuring incredible cast and crew from across Canada and around the globe. The venue is located along the Mayfield Road in west Edmonton.

Jubilations Dinner Theatre is a long-standing entertainment venue that combines live theatre with a multi-course dinner. It's known for its parodies of popular culture, featuring talented actors who engage the audience and offer a unique Canadian experience. It is located within West Edmonton Mall.

Timms Centre for the Arts a multiroom venue for theatrical and musical performances on the University of Alberta Campus

Horowitz Theatre is a tiered 720-seat theatre presenting concerts, plays, comedy, dance & other performances located on the University of Alberta Campus in the Students Union Building. (SUB)

Allard Hall is a multi-venue building for theatrical and musical performance on the MacEwan University Campus in downtown Edmonton. Included in this building is the Triffo Theatre a 415-seat, the main performance space.

The Ukrainian Dnipro Ensemble of Edmonton, along with other Ukrainian choirs such as the Ukrainian Male Chorus of Edmonton, helps preserve the Ukrainian musical culture within the parameters of the Canadian multicultural identity in Edmonton.{{cite web|url=http://www.dniprochoir.com/ |author=Ukrainian Dnipro Ensemble of Edmonton |title=Ukrainian Dnipro Ensemble of Edmonton |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503100356/http://www.dniprochoir.com/ |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }}

{{Main|List of festivals in Edmonton}}

Edmonton hosts several large festivals each year, contributing to its nickname, "Canada's Festival City". Downtown Edmonton's Churchill Square host numerous festivals each summer. The Works Art & Design Festival, which takes place from late June to early July, showcases Canadian and international art and design from well-known award-winning artists as well as emerging and student artists. The Edmonton International Street Performer's Festival takes place in mid-July and is the biggest of its kind in North America.{{Cite web|url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/it-s-a-legendary-festival-performers-get-set-to-hit-the-street-1.4495047|title='It's a legendary festival': Performers get set to hit the street|last=Neil|first=Graham|date=July 4, 2019|website=CTV News Edmonton|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705130854/https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/it-s-a-legendary-festival-performers-get-set-to-hit-the-street-1.4495047|archive-date=July 5, 2019|access-date=January 18, 2020}} The TD Edmonton International Jazz Festival takes place in late June and, along with Montreal, were the first jazz festivals in Canada.{{Cite web|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/festivals/all-that-jazz-edmonton-festival-marks-40-years-playing-host-to-jazz-giants|title=All that jazz: Edmonton festival marks 40 years playing host to jazz giants|last=Levesque|first=Roger|date=June 18, 2019|website=Edmonton Journal|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624001336/https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/festivals/all-that-jazz-edmonton-festival-marks-40-years-playing-host-to-jazz-giants|archive-date=June 24, 2019|access-date=January 18, 2020}}

File:Edmonton Folk Music Festival.jpg. Edmonton is host to several large festivals each year.]]

Edmonton's main summer festival is K-Days, formerly Klondike Days, Capital Ex and originally the Edmonton Exhibition.{{cite news|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/festivals/Capital+named+Days/7002873/story.html |title=Capital Ex to be named K-Days (Poll) |author=Krishnan, Manisha |newspaper=Edmonton Journal |publisher=Postmedia Network |date=July 29, 2012 |access-date=July 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731233950/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/festivals/Capital%2Bnamed%2BDays/7002873/story.html |archive-date=July 31, 2012 |url-status=dead }} Founded in 1879, the Edmonton Exhibition was originally an annual fair and exhibition that eventually adopted a gold rush theme, becoming Klondike Days in the 1960s. Northlands, the operators, renamed the festival "Edmonton's Capital Ex" or "Capital Ex" in 2006. In 2012 Edmonton Northlands conducted a poll to rename the festival that resulted in changing the name to "K-Days". The Canadian Finals Rodeo was held in Edmonton from 1974 to 2017, but moved to Red Deer in 2018 due to the closure of the Northlands Coliseum.{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/cfr-red-deer-canadian-finals-rodeo-1.4490604|title=It's official: Red Deer will host the CFR for 10 years|work=CBC News|access-date=June 1, 2018|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216021047/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/cfr-red-deer-canadian-finals-rodeo-1.4490604|archive-date=February 16, 2018}} It moved back to Edmonton in 2024 and will be held at Rogers Place through 2026.{{cite news |title=Canadian Finals Rodeo returning to Edmonton in 2024 |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10048536/canadian-finals-rodeo-edmonton-2024/ |access-date=August 8, 2024 |work=globalnews.ca |publisher=Global News |date=October 25, 2023}}

The Edmonton International Fringe Festival, held in mid-August, is the largest fringe theatre festival in North America.{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5736954/edmonton-international-fringe-theatre-festival-2019/|title=Edmonton International Fringe Theatre Festival 2019 ready for 'the Wild Things'|last=Mertz|first=Emily|date=August 7, 2019|website=Global News|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205033944/https://globalnews.ca/news/5736954/edmonton-international-fringe-theatre-festival-2019/|archive-date=December 5, 2019|access-date=January 18, 2020}} The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is also held in August. It was the fourth major Canadian folk festival to be created and has the largest budget for talent of Canada festivals.{{Cite web|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/festivals/building-on-a-40-year-foundation-folk-fest-has-brought-a-world-of-music-to-our-doorstep-for-four-decades|title=Building on a 40-year foundation: Folk Fest has brought a world of music to our doorstep for four decades {{!}} Edmonton Journal|last=Levesque|first=Roger|date=August 6, 2019|website=Edmonton Journal|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807151235/https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/festivals/building-on-a-40-year-foundation-folk-fest-has-brought-a-world-of-music-to-our-doorstep-for-four-decades|archive-date=August 7, 2019|access-date=January 18, 2020}} Other summer festivals in and around Edmonton include the Edmonton Heritage Festival, Taste of Edmonton, the Edmonton Pride Festival,{{Cite web |last=Mertz |first=Emily |date=May 9, 2022 |title=Edmonton Pride Festival returns to Churchill Square under new organization - Edmonton {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8820497/edmonton-pride-festival-churchill-square-new-team-2022/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Griwkowsky |first=Fish |date=June 4, 2022 |title=Pride Month turns it up early with Pride Reunited at Grindstone this weekend |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/festivals/pride-month-turns-it-up-early-with-pride-reunited-at-grindstone-this-weekend |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=edmontonjournal |language=en-CA}} Chaos Alberta Festival, Interstellar Rodeo, Big Valley Jamboree, Pigeon Lake Music Festival, Edmonton Rockfest, Edmonton International Reggae Jamboree Festival, Edmonton Blues Festival and Cariwest.{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5477413/edmonton-summer-festival-event-concert-guide-2019/|title=Summer festivals and events for Edmontonians to experience in 2019|last=Heidenreich|first=Phil|date=August 26, 2019|website=Global News|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031211431/https://globalnews.ca/news/5477413/edmonton-summer-festival-event-concert-guide-2019/|archive-date=October 31, 2019|access-date=January 18, 2020}} Edmonton also hosts a number of winter festivals, one of the oldest being the Silver Skate Festival.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-winter-embrace-1.5401015|title=Embracing an Edmonton winter takes layers of clothing — and a leap of faith|last=Reith|first=Terry|date=December 24, 2019|website=CBC News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108142127/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-winter-embrace-1.5401015|archive-date=January 8, 2020}} Others are Flying Canoe Volant, Ice on Whyte and the Ice Magic Festival.{{Cite web|url=https://www.narcity.com/things-to-do/ca/ab/9-cheap-winter-things-to-do-in-alberta-this-january|title=9 Things To Do In Alberta This Month If You're Still Broke From Christmas|last=Hilash|first=Stephanie|date=January 17, 2020|website=Narcity|language=en-CA|access-date=January 18, 2020}}

{{further|List of musicians from Edmonton}}

In the city's early days, music was performed in churches and community halls. Edmonton has a history of opera and classical music performance; both have been supported by a variety of clubs and associations. Edmonton's first major radio station, CKUA, began broadcasting music in 1927.{{cite web|last=Dulmage|first=Bill|title=Alberta, Northern Alberta CKUA-AM (Educational), Edmonton, CKUA Radio Foundation|url=http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/index3.html?url=http%3A//www.broadcasting-history.ca/listings_and_histories/radio/histories.php%3Fid%3D125%26historyID%3D56|work=Radio Station History|publisher=Canadian Communications Foundation|access-date=January 5, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207104449/http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/index3.html?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadcasting-history.ca%2Flistings_and_histories%2Fradio%2Fhistories.php%3Fid%3D125%26historyID%3D56|archive-date=February 7, 2013}} The city is a centre for music instruction; the University of Alberta began its music department in 1945, and MacEwan University opened a jazz and musical theatre program in 1980. Festivals of jazz, folk, and classical music are popular entertainment events in the city.{{cite encyclopedia|last1=McIntosh |first1=R. Dale |last2=Berg |first2=Wesley |title=Music in Edmonton |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edmonton-alta-emc/ |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Music in Canada |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301200157/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edmonton-alta-emc/ |archive-date=March 1, 2014 }} Edmonton is also hosts the Grand North American Old Time Fiddle Championship each summer in July, which showcases some of the best fiddlers in Canada, the United States, and Scotland.

The Edmonton Symphony Orchestra has existed under various incarnations since 1913. In 1952 the Edmonton Philharmonic and the Edmonton Pops orchestras amalgamated to form the 60-member modern version. The Orchestra performs at the Francis Winspear Centre for Music.{{cite encyclopedia|title=Edmonton Symphony Orchestra |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edmonton-symphony-orchestra-emc/ |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Music in Canada |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306210145/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edmonton-symphony-orchestra-emc/ |archive-date=March 6, 2014 }}

The city also has a vibrant popular music scene, across genres including hip-hop, reggae, R&B, rock, pop, metal, punk, country and electronic. Notable past and present local musicians include Robert Goulet,{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Hale |first1=Marjorie |last2=Spier |first2=Susan |last3=Nygaard King |first3=Betty |title=Robert Goulet |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/robert-goulet-emc/ |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Music in Canada |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503151941/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/robert-goulet-emc/ |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }} Tommy Banks, Eleanor Collins, Stu Davis, Tim Feehan, Cadence Weapon, Kreesha Turner, the Smalls, SNFU, Social Code, Stereos, Ten Second Epic, Tupelo Honey, Mac DeMarco, Shout Out Out Out Out, Psyche, Purity Ring, The Wet Secrets, Nuela Charles, Celeigh Cardinal, and Ruth B.{{cite news|last=Sperounes|first=Sandra|title=Edmonton music scene a knockout out out out in 2005|newspaper=Edmonton Journal|date=December 30, 2005|id={{ProQuest|253311714}}}}

File:Princess theatre edmonton.JPG is the oldest cinema in the city.]]

There are several key areas of nightlife in Edmonton. The most popular is the Whyte Avenue (82 Avenue) strip, between 109 Street and 99 Street; it has the highest number of heritage buildings in Edmonton,{{cite web |url=http://oldstrathcona.ca/revitalization |author=oldstrathcona.ca |title=Revitalization |publisher=oldstrathcona.ca |access-date=March 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706191356/http://oldstrathcona.ca/revitalization |archive-date=July 6, 2011}} and bars, clubs, and restaurants throughout, but mostly west of Gateway Boulevard (103 Street). Once the heart of the town of Strathcona (annexed by Edmonton on February 1, 1912), it fell into disrepair during the middle of the 20th century.{{cite web |url=http://oldstrathcona.ca/the-first-steps-of-strathcona |title=The First Steps of Strathcona |access-date=December 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415154155/http://oldstrathcona.ca/the-first-steps-of-strathcona |archive-date=April 15, 2012}} Beginning in the 1970s, a coordinated effort to revive the area through a business revitalization zone produced an area rich with restored historical buildings and pleasant streetscapes. Its proximity to the University of Alberta has led to a high number of restaurants, pubs, trendy clubs, and retail and specialty shops. This area also has two independent movie theatres, the Garneau and Princess, as well as several live theatre, music, and comedy venues.{{cite web|url=http://www.oldstrathcona.ca/ |author=The City of Edmonton |title=Welcome to Old Strathcona |access-date=March 6, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301023756/http://oldstrathcona.ca/ |archive-date=March 1, 2009 }}

Downtown Edmonton has undergone a continual process of renewal and growth since the mid-1990s. Many buildings were demolished during the oil boom, starting in the 1960s and continuing into the 1980s, to make way for office towers. There have always been numerous pub-type establishments, hotel lounges, and restaurants. The past decade has seen a strong resurgence in more mainstream venues. Edmonton also has a high demand for pub crawl tours in the city. Various clubs are found along Edmonton's main street, Jasper Avenue. The Edmonton City Centre mall also houses a Landmark Cinemas movie theatre with nine screens. The nonprofit Metro Cinema{{cite web|url=http://www.metrocinema.org |author=Metro Cinema |title=Metro Cinema |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225191311/http://metrocinema.org/ |archive-date=February 25, 2009 }} shows a variety of alternative or otherwise unreleased films every week.

West Edmonton Mall holds several after-hour establishments in addition to its many stores and attractions. Bourbon Street has numerous eating establishments; clubs and casinos can also be found within the complex. Scotiabank Theatre (formerly known as Silver City), at the west end of the mall, is a theatre with 12 screens and an IMAX.

Edmonton is known for its natural scenery, food, history and facilities. It is home to Fort Edmonton Park, Canada's largest living history museum, and West Edmonton Mall, North America's largest shopping mall. Other notable attractions include the Royal Alberta Museum, the Muttart Conservatory, Alberta Legislature Building, Art Gallery of Alberta, Edmonton Valley Zoo, Alberta Railway Museum, and many other natural and man-made attractions.

{{See also|North Saskatchewan River valley parks system}}

File:Edmonton River Valley and Dawson Bridge.jpg

Edmonton's river valley constitutes the longest stretch of connected urban parkland in North America, and Edmonton has the highest amount of parkland per capita of any Canadian city; the river valley is 22 times larger than New York City's Central Park.{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.com/for-visitors/scenic-settings.aspx |author=Edmonton's Official Tourism Website |title=Scenic Settings |publisher=Edmonton Economic Development Corporation |access-date=May 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025214420/http://edmonton.com/for-visitors/scenic-settings.aspx |archive-date=October 25, 2013}} The river valley is home to various parks ranging from fully serviced urban parks to campsite-like facilities with few amenities. This main "Ribbon of Green" is supplemented by tributary creeks and ravines, particularly the Whitemud Creek, Blackmud Creek, and Mill Creek Ravine. There are also numerous neighbourhood parks located throughout the city, to give a total of {{convert|111|km2|acre|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of parkland. Within the {{convert|7400|ha|abbr=on}}, {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}}-long river valley park system, there are 11 lakes, 14 ravines, and 22 major parks, and most of the city has accessible bike and walking trail connections.{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/RoadsTraffic/CycleEdmontonMap_13092013.pdf |title=Edmonton Bicycle Map |author=City of Edmonton Transportation |date=September 13, 2013 |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=July 19, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064806/http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/RoadsTraffic/CycleEdmontonMap_13092013.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }} These trails are also part of the {{convert|235|km|abbr=on}} Waskahegan walking trail. The City of Edmonton has named five parks in its River Valley Parks System in honour of each of "The Famous Five".{{cite web |url=http://www.abheritage.ca/famous5/leadership/individually.html |author=Heritage Community Foundation |title=Parkland and environment |publisher=Alberta Online Encyclopedia |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023025153/http://www.abheritage.ca/famous5/leadership/individually.html |archive-date=October 23, 2007 }}

File:North Saskatchewan River Valley Edmonton Alberta Canada 04 A.jpg ]]

Edmonton's streets and parklands also contain one of the largest remaining concentrations of healthy American elm trees in the world, unaffected by Dutch elm disease, which has wiped out vast numbers of such trees in eastern North America. Jack pine, lodgepole pine, white spruce, white birch, aspen, mountain ash, Amur maple, Russian olive, green ash, basswood, various poplars and willows, flowering crabapple, Mayday tree and Manitoba maple are also abundant; bur oak, silver maple, hawthorn and Ohio buckeye are increasingly popular. Other introduced tree species include white ash, blue spruce, Norway maple, red oak, sugar maple, common horse-chestnut, McIntosh apple, and Evans cherry.{{cite web |url=https://data.edmonton.ca/Environmental-Services/Trees-Species-Map-View-/cggb-hzzm |author=The City of Edmonton |title=Selection List of Common Tree Species |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331043913/https://data.edmonton.ca/Environmental-Services/Trees-Species-Map-View-/cggb-hzzm |archive-date=March 31, 2012}} Three walnut species—butternut, Manchurian walnut, and black walnut—have survived in Edmonton.{{cite web |last=Barkley |first=Shelley |title=Juglans sp. (Butternut/Walnut) |publisher=Government of Alberta |date=May 22, 2007 |url=http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/opp4044?opendocument |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506014916/http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/%24department/deptdocs.nsf/all/opp4044?opendocument |archive-date=May 6, 2010 |access-date=October 27, 2007 |url-status=dead }}

Several golf courses, both public and private, are also located in the river valley; the long summer daylight hours of this northern city provide for extended play from early morning well into the evening.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmontongolf.com/ |author=Edmonton Golf |title=Parkland and environment |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301040419/http://edmontongolf.com/ |archive-date=March 1, 2009 }} Golf courses and the park system become a winter recreation area during this season, and cross-country skiing and skating are popular during the long winter. Four downhill ski slopes are located in the river valley as well, two within the city and two immediately outside.{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/attractions_recreation/sport_recreation/crosscountry-skiing.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921151853/http://edmonton.ca/attractions_recreation/sport_recreation/crosscountry-skiing.aspx |archive-date=September 21, 2010 |title=Edmonton – Ice and Snow |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=November 21, 2009}}

File:Larch Sanctuary bridge.jpg

The Edmonton & Area Land Trust (EALT) is a charity focused on conserving natural areas in Edmonton and surrounding municipalities. Its first project in Edmonton was conserving Larch Sanctuary,{{Cite web|url=https://www.ealt.ca/larch-sanctuary/ |title=Larch Sanctuary|website=Edmonton & Area Land Trust|language=en-US|access-date=January 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115122155/https://www.ealt.ca/larch-sanctuary|archive-date=January 15, 2019|url-status=live}} via a {{convert|59|acre|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} conservation easement with the city, straddling Whitemud Creek south of 23rd Avenue, and containing the only oxbow lake in the city. EALT works with many organizations in Edmonton, and is working to conserve the {{convert|233|acre|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} of forest and farmland{{Cite web|url=https://www.ealt.ca/potential-forest-and-farmland/|title=Potential Forest and Farmland|website=Edmonton & Area Land Trust|language=en-US|access-date=January 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105042904/https://www.ealt.ca/potential-forest-and-farmland/|archive-date=January 5, 2019|url-status=live}} in a loop of the river in northeast Edmonton.

A variety of volunteer opportunities exist for citizens to participate in the stewardship of Edmonton's parkland and river valley. Volunteer programs include River Valley Clean-up, Root for Trees, and Partner in Parks.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/volunteer-opportunities.aspx |author=City of Edmonton |title=volunteer opportunities |access-date=March 4, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128152319/http://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/volunteer-opportunities.aspx |archive-date=January 28, 2015 }} River Valley Clean-up engages volunteers to pick up hundreds of bags of litter each year.

File:Royal Alberta Museum.jpg

Royal Alberta Museum (RAM) is the largest museum in western Canada with more than {{convert|7,600|m2}} exhibition space and {{convert|38,900|m2}} in total, featuring galleries for natural history and anthropology (human history). The museum houses over 10 million objects and artifacts in its collection. The natural history gallery features exhibits in flora, fauna, and geology ranging from prehistoric to modern day. The human history gallery features exhibits beginning with an extensive First Nations history of the Alberta region to the current multicultural society of Alberta. The museum is in downtown Edmonton at 9810 103a Avenue, just northeast of the Edmonton city hall.

File:ESSC (862826078).jpg

Telus World of Science Edmonton (TWOSE) is a broad-based science centre featuring five permanent galleries ranging in topics from astronomy, science and technology to exhibits exploring the human body, as well as containing a gallery for rotating and travelling exhibits. Additionally, located here are features such as an IMAX theatre, a planetarium, an observatory, the Zeidler Dome: a digital visualization theatre offering immersive 360-degree experiences, and an amateur radio station. It is at 11211 142 Street, northwest of the city centre in the Woodcroft neighbourhood adjacent to Coronation Park.

Edmonton Valley Zoo is a zoological park, home to over 350 animals, with species from different climates and habitats an Canada and abroad. The zoo focuses on animal wellbeing, conservation and education. It is at 13315 Buena Vista Road along the north bank of the North Saskatchewan River the river valley, southwest of the city centre.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/attractions_events/edmonton-valley-zoo.aspx |author=Valley Zoo |title=Valley Zoo |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=May 24, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200241/http://www.edmonton.ca/attractions_events/edmonton-valley-zoo.aspx |archive-date=May 25, 2014 }}

Alberta Aviation Museum is a museum focusing on Edmonton's aviation history. Located in a historic World War II hangar, built for the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, its collection of {{convert|85,000|ft2|order=flip}} features more than 30 civilian and military aircraft, such as a Curtiss Stinson Special from 1917, a North American B-25 Mitchell from WWII, and two McDonnell Aircraft Corporation CF-101 Voodoos from the Cold War. It also has one of only two remaining CIM-10 Bomarc missiles on display in Canada. The museum also includes a restoration area, an archives and library, simulators, a gift shop and a large events facility. It is at 11410 Kingsway next to the Blatchford community, the site of the decommissioned City Centre Airport.

Loyal Edmonton Regiment Military Museum is dedicated to preserving the military heritage and the sacrifices made by the people of Edmonton and Alberta in general. The museum features two galleries and several smaller exhibits. The collection includes historic firearms, uniforms, souvenirs, memorabilia, military accoutrements, as well as a large photographic and archival collection spanning the pre-World War One period to the present. The museum features an exhibit on the role of the 49th Battalion, CEF, in Canada's Hundred Days Offensive.{{Cite web |title=The Hundred Days Offensive |url=https://www.theworldwar.org/learn/about-wwi/hundred-days-offensive |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=National WWI Museum and Memorial |language=en}} The museum is in the Prince of Wales Armouries Heritage Centre, which is also the home of the City of Edmonton municipal archives.

Alberta Railway Museum{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaymuseum.ab.ca/ |author=Alberta Railway Museum |title=Alberta Railway Museum |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219160246/http://railwaymuseum.ab.ca/ |archive-date=February 19, 2009 }} is a museum that collects, preserves, restores and interprets the railway artifacts and stories that helped shape Alberta and Canada through exhibits, tours, educational programs, publications and heritage train operations of Alberta's railway history. It contains a variety of locomotives and railroad cars from different periods, and includes a working steam locomotive. It is at 24215 34 Street NW in the rural northeast portion of the city. Since most of its exhibits are outdoors, it is only open between Victoria Day and Labour Day.File:Fort Edmonton 1900.jpg is Canada's largest living museum by area.]]Fort Edmonton Park, Canada's largest living history museum, is in the river valley southwest of the city centre. Edmonton's heritage is displayed through historical buildings (many of which are originals moved to the park), costumed historical interpreters, and authentic artifacts. In total, it covers the region's history from approximately 1795 to 1929 (represented by Fort Edmonton), followed chronologically by 1885, 1905, and 1920 streets, and a recreation of a 1920s midway. A steam train, streetcars, automobiles and horse-drawn vehicles may be seen in operation (and utilized by the public) around the park. This museum is at 7000 143 Street NW in the river valley southwest of the city centre.

John Janzen Nature Centre features events and interactive exhibits designed to promote awareness and engagement with nature in an urban setting. The centre explores local wildlife and how they adapt to each of the four seasons. It is at 7000 143 Street along Whitemud Drive and Fox Drive and shares a parking lot with Fort Edmonton Park.

John Walter Museum and Historical Area is a small interpretive museum focusing on the life of John Walter and the Strathcona community of Walterdale from 1870 to 1942. The museum is on the Canadian Register of Historic Places.{{cite web|url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/visit-visite/affichage-display.aspx?id=2986 |author=Canada's Historic Places |title=John walter museum and historical area |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212134651/http://www.historicplaces.ca/visit-visite/affichage-display.aspx?id=2986 |archive-date=February 12, 2009 }}

File:Art Gallery of Alberta (10293224826).jpg is Edmonton's largest art gallery.]]

Art Gallery of Alberta (AGA) is the city's largest single art gallery. Its collection includes over 6,000 works, with a focus on art produced in Alberta, and other parts of western Canada. In addition to exhibiting its permanent collection, the museum also hosts travelling exhibitions and offers public education programs. This gallery is located at 2 Sir Winston Churchill Square, directly east of the Edmonton City Hall.

McKay Avenue School is a former school and a designated provincial and municipal historic resource, and home to the Edmonton Public School Board's archives and museum.

Rutherford House is a historic building and museum in the Strathcona area. The structure was the home of the first premier of Alberta, Alexander Cameron Rutherford, from 1911 to 1940, and has subsequently been designated a provincial historic site.

Ukrainian Museum of Canada, Alberta Branch. The museum collects and preserves items of historical, cultural and artistic significance to advance knowledge about Ukrainian heritage in Canada. It is at the St. John's Cultural Centre (10611 110 Avenue NW)

University of Alberta Museums operates its own internal museums and collections service.{{cite web |author=University of Alberta |title=Museums |url=http://www.museums.ualberta.ca/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302053916/http://www.museums.ualberta.ca/ |archive-date=March 2, 2009 |access-date=February 28, 2009}} The University of Alberta Museums and Collections also has 17 million objects, 29 registered museum collections and occasional exhibitions.{{Cite web |title=University of Alberta Museums |url=https://www.ualberta.ca/museums |access-date=March 6, 2020 |website=www.ualberta.ca}}

File:Muttart Conservatory (4509972060).jpg

Muttart Conservatory ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|t|ɑː|r|t}}) is a botanical garden in the river valley, across from the downtown core. One of the best-known landmarks of Edmonton, the conservatory consists of three city-operated greenhouses, public gardens, as well as four feature pyramids for display of plant species found across three biomes, with the fourth pyramid hosting a seasonal display. A fifth minor skylight pyramid lights up the central foyer.

Edmonton is home to four artist-run centres all located in the downtown core Harcourt House, Latitude 53, Ociciwan Contemporary Art Collective and Society of Northern Alberta Print-Artists (SNAP).

The University of Alberta and MacEwan University also have galleries: the Fine Arts Building Gallery{{Cite web|url=https://www.ualberta.ca/art-design/fab-gallery|title=FAB Gallery {{!}} Faculty of Arts|website=www.ualberta.ca|access-date=March 6, 2020}} and the Mitchell Art Gallery,{{Cite web|url=https://www.macewan.ca/wcm/SchoolsFaculties/FFAC/MitchellArtGallery/index.htm|title=Mitchell Art Gallery – MacEwan University|website=www.macewan.ca|access-date=March 6, 2020|archive-date=March 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305113414/https://www.macewan.ca/wcm/SchoolsFaculties/FFAC/MitchellArtGallery/index.htm|url-status=dead}} respectively.

{{Main|Sport in Edmonton}}

Edmonton has a number of professional sports teams,{{cite web| url=http://www.epl.ca/EPLSportsHistory.cfm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015224038/http://www.epl.ca/EPLSportsHistory.cfm| archive-date=October 15, 2006| author=Edmonton Public Library| title=Sports History in Edmonton| publisher=Edmonton Public Library| access-date=February 27, 2009}} including the Edmonton Elks, formerly referred to as the Edmonton Eskimos and, for a brief period, the Edmonton Football Team, of the Canadian Football League, Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League and Edmonton Stingers of the Canadian Elite Basketball League. Edmonton is the only city home to two teams in the semi-professional National Ringette League: the Edmonton WAM! and Edmonton Black Gold Rush. The city also hosts an amateur women's football team, the Edmonton Storm of the Western Women's Canadian Football League. Junior sports clubs include the Edmonton Huskies and Edmonton Wildcats of the Canadian Junior Football League, the Edmonton Oil Kings of the Western Hockey League, and the Edmonton Riverhawks of the West Coast League. Venues for Edmonton's professional and junior sports teams include Commonwealth Stadium (Edmonton Elks), Argyll Velodrome, Rogers Place (Oilers and Oil Kings), RE/MAX Field (Riverhawks), the Edmonton Expo Centre (Stingers), and Clarke Stadium (Huskies, Wildcats, and Storm).

File:Rogers Place, Edmonton, June 6, 2024.jpg is a multi-use indoor arena, and the present home arena for the NHL's Edmonton Oilers.]]

Edmonton's teams have rivalries with Calgary's teams and games between Edmonton and Calgary teams are often referred to as the Battle of Alberta.

Past notable hockey teams in Edmonton include: the original junior hockey incarnation of the Edmonton Oil Kings, with multiple league and national Memorial Cup championships playing in the Western Hockey League; the Edmonton Flyers, with multiple Lester Patrick Cups and one national Allan Cup, and; the Edmonton Roadrunners of the American Hockey League. Other past notable sports teams include; the Edmonton Grads, a women's basketball team with 108 local, provincial, national, and international titles and the world champions for 17 years in a row; the Edmonton Trappers, a Triple-A level baseball team with multiple division and league titles in the Pacific Coast League, and; the Edmonton Rush, a box lacrosse team with one league championship.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Local university-level sports teams include the University of Alberta Golden Bears (mens) Pandas (women's), the NAIT Ooks, the MacEwan Griffins, the Concordia University of Edmonton Thunder, and the King's University Eagles.

Local amateur teams, among others, include the Edmonton Gold of the Rugby Canada Super League and two flat track roller derby leagues: Oil City Roller Derby{{cite web|url=http://www.oilcityderbygirls.ca/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103052038/http://www.oilcityderbygirls.ca/|archive-date=January 3, 2007 |title=Welcome to the home of the Oil City Derby Girls! |publisher=Oilcityderbygirls.ca |url-status=usurped|access-date=January 31, 2012}} and E-Ville Roller Derby.{{cite web|url=http://www.e-villederby.com |title=Don't Play Nice, Play E-Ville! |publisher=e-villederby.com |access-date=April 9, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404034730/http://www.e-villederby.com/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 }}

The RAD Torque Raceway hosts regular sprint car and a national International Hot Rod Association (IHRA) events at their facility next to Edmonton International Airport.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-indy-back-this-summer-1.996528 |author=CBC News |author-link=CBC News |title=Edmonton Indy back this summer |date=January 12, 2011 |access-date=January 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113152958/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-indy-back-this-summer-1.996528 |archive-date=January 13, 2011}} The airport also hosts horse racing at the Century Mile Racetrack and Casino.{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnty.com/centurymile/ |title=Century Mile Racetrack and Casino |access-date=June 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509132605/https://www.cnty.com/centurymile/ |archive-date=May 9, 2019 |url-status=live }} The Edmonton International Raceway, which hosts NASCAR Pinty's Series races, is located about {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}} to the south near Wetaskiwin.

File:CommonwealthStadium2023.jpg is an open-air multi-purpose stadium. Opened in 1978 for the 1978 Commonwealth Games, the facility is also used as the home stadium for CFL's Edmonton Elks.]]

File:REMAX Field, Edmonton Ballpark - Edmonton, Alberta - Edmonton Riverhawks.jpg, a ballpark opened in 1995 home to the Edmonton Riverhawks]]

From 2005 to 2012, Edmonton hosted an annual circuit on the Indy Racing League known as the Edmonton Indy. Other past sporting events hosted by Edmonton include:

• 1978 Commonwealth Games
• 1981 U-18 Women's Softball World Cup,{{cite web |title=WBSC U-18 Women's Softball World Cup Historic Results |url=https://www.wbsc.org/organisation/u-18-womens-softball-world-cup-historic-results |website=WBSC |publisher=World Baseball Softball Confederation |access-date=December 17, 2021 |archive-date=December 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212234416/https://www.wbsc.org/organisation/u-18-womens-softball-world-cup-historic-results |url-status=dead }} and 1981 U-18 Men's Softball World Cup{{cite web |title=WBSC U-18 Men's Softball World Cup Historic Results |url=https://www.wbsc.org/organisation/u-18-mens-softball-world-cup-historic-results |website=WBSC |publisher=World Baseball Softball Confederation |access-date=December 17, 2021 |archive-date=December 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217162049/https://www.wbsc.org/organisation/u-18-mens-softball-world-cup-historic-results |url-status=dead }}
• 1983 World University Games (Universiade)
• 1981 and 1985 Intercontinental Cup
• 1990 Baseball World Cup
• 1990 North American Indigenous Games
• 1996 World Figure Skating Championships
• 1999 World Taekwondo Championships
• 2001 World Championships in Athletics
• 2002 World Ringette Championships
• 2005 World Masters Games{{cite web |url=http://www.infoedmonton.com/edmonton2005/2005worldmastersgames.html |author=Edmonton Super Summer |title=2005 World Masters Games |access-date=February 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122103751/http://www.infoedmonton.com/edmonton2005/2005worldmastersgames.html |archive-date=January 22, 2013}}
• 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup
• 2002 and 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup{{cite web |title=Canada sets U-20 World Cup attendance record |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/soccer/canada-sets-u-20-world-cup-attendance-record-1.659028 |website=CBC Sports |access-date=August 25, 2020 |date=July 20, 2007}}
• 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup{{cite web |title=Edmonton among cities to host 2014 U-20 women's World Cup |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/608474/edmonton-named-host-city-for-2014-u-20-womens-world-cup/ |website=globalnews.ca |access-date=August 25, 2020 |date=June 2, 2013}}
• 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup{{cite web |last1=Parrish |first1=Julia |title=Edmonton named one of six host cities for FIFA Women's World Cup 2015 |url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/edmonton-named-one-of-six-host-cities-for-fifa-women-s-world-cup-2015-1.805311 |website=CTV News |access-date=August 25, 2020 |date=May 4, 2012}}
• 2004 and 2012 Women's Baseball World Cup{{cite web |title=WBSC Women's Baseball World Cup Historic Results |url=https://www.wbsc.org/en/organisation/wbsc-events/womens-baseball-world-cup/historic-results |website=WBSC |publisher=World Baseball Softball Confederation |access-date=July 31, 2022}}
• CN Canadian Women's Open
• 1995 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships (co-hosted with Red Deer and Calgary), 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships (co-hosted with Calgary), 2022 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships (co-host with Red Deer)
• 2007 World Men's Curling Championship and 2017 World Men's Curling Championship
• 2021 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
• 2022 World Dodgeball Championships

Despite submitting a bid, Edmonton was not selected as a host city for the 2026 FIFA World Cup.{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Edmonton won't host 2026 World Cup matches as FIFA picks Toronto, Vancouver |url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/edmonton-won-t-host-2026-world-cup-matches-as-fifa-picks-toronto-vancouver-1.5949564 |access-date=August 17, 2022 |website=Edmonton |language=en}}

Edmonton will co-host the 2027 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships alongside Calgary.{{cite news |title=Alberta to host world junior hockey championship in 2027 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/2027-world-junior-hockey-championship-alberta-1.7124945 |access-date=August 8, 2024 |work=cbc.ca |publisher=CBC |date=February 24, 2024}}

{{Table alignment}}

{{Table alignment}}

File: City-Hall-Edmonton-Alberta-2A.jpg]]

The Edmonton City Council consists of a mayor and twelve councillors serving four-year terms. Each councillor is elected in a ward (electoral district); the mayor is elected at-large through first-past-the-post voting. The elections are non-partisan. Council has the responsibility of approving the city's budget, and develops laws and policies intended to promote the health and safety of Edmonton residents based on the powers granted by the Municipal Government Act. The council passes all legislation related to the city's police, firefighting, parks, and libraries, as well as its utilities{{snd}} electricity, water supply, solid waste handling, and drainage.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

On July 22, 2009, City Council adopted an electoral system that divides Edmonton into 12 wards, instead of the previous system where two councillors were elected in each of six wards. As of 2010, each ward would elect one councillor by first-past-the-post voting. This system came into effect with the following election in October 2010.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/municipal_elections/ward-system.aspx |title=Ward System |date=July 22, 2009 |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=August 5, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922064953/http://edmonton.ca/city_government/municipal_elections/ward-system.aspx |archive-date=September 22, 2010 }} The most recent election was held in October 2021, and elected members to a four-year term.

On December 7, 2020, a bylaw approving new ward boundaries and Indigenous ward names was passed by city council.{{Cite web|date=September 24, 2021|title=Edmonton's new Indigenous ward names, explained|url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/edmonton-s-new-indigenous-ward-names-explained-1.5599364|access-date=October 23, 2021|website=CTV News Edmonton|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Indigenous Ward Naming Knowledge Committee {{!}} City of Edmonton|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/city_organization/indigenous-ward-naming-knowledge-committee|access-date=October 23, 2021|website=www.edmonton.ca}}

File:AlbertaLegislature.jpg, the meeting place for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.]]

Edmonton is the capital of the province of Alberta and holds all main provincial areas of government such as the Alberta Legislature. The Edmonton Metropolitan Region is represented by 20 MLAs, one for each provincial electoral district. Many of these boundaries have been changed, adjusted and renamed while the city has grown.{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.ab.ca/net/index.aspx?p=mla_home |title=Members Information |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Alberta |access-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410042758/http://www.assembly.ab.ca/net/index.aspx?p=mla_home |archive-date=April 10, 2010 }} In the current 31st Alberta Legislature all of Edmonton's districts are represented by members from the Opposition Alberta New Democratic Party. One of the MLAs, Rachel Notley, was the 17th premier of Alberta from 2015 to 2019.

Edmonton is represented by nine Members of Parliament (MP), with one being elected to represent each of its federal electoral districts.{{Cite web|title=Canada's Federal Electoral Districts|url=https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=cir/list&document=index338&lang=e|last=Canada|first=Elections|website=www.elections.ca|date = February 4, 2019|access-date=May 26, 2020}} In the 43rd Canadian Parliament, which was in session from late 2019 to late 2021, eight MPs were members of the Conservative Party of Canada, while the remaining MP was part of the New Democratic Party.{{Cite web|title=Current Members of Parliament – Members of Parliament – House of Commons of Canada|url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/members/en/search|website=www.ourcommons.ca|access-date=May 26, 2020}} After the 2019 federal election, Edmonton lacked elected representation in the federal government for the first time since 1980.{{Cite web|title=Edmonton without seat in federal government for the first time since 1980 election|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/politics/election-2019/local-reaction-to-federal-election-outcome/|website=edmontonjournal.com|access-date=May 26, 2020}} Compared to the rest of Alberta, Edmonton tends to vote for more left of centre leaning parties. Due to vote splitting, the Conservative Party dominated the city, with Edmonton Strathcona the only electoral district not to have voted Conservative in the 2019 federal election. This changed in the 2021 federal election, when the NDP also flipped the seat of Edmonton Griesbach while holding Edmonton Strathcona, and the Liberals retook Edmonton Centre.{{Cite web|title=Edmonton's NDP candidates hope a surge of support builds into a new orange wave|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/2021-edmonton-federal-ndp-1.6189076|website=CBC News|access-date=October 1, 2021}}

File:EFRS 01.jpg

Edmonton Fire Rescue, established in 1892, is a full-time professional firefighting department which provides a variety of services in Edmonton and the surrounding region.{{Cite web|title=City of Edmonton. Fire Department – Alberta On Record|url=https://albertaonrecord.ca/city-of-edmonton-fire-department|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=albertaonrecord.ca|archive-date=April 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414043122/https://albertaonrecord.ca/city-of-edmonton-fire-department|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=October 17, 2020|title=Fire Rescue Services|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/city_organization/fire-rescue-services.aspx|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=www.edmonton.ca}} Some of the service's major tasks include fire suppression, assistance in medical emergencies, watercraft rescues on the North Saskatchewan River, and emergencies which involve hazardous materials. Edmonton Fire Rescue is one of nine Canadian fire departments which are accredited by the Centre for Public Safety Excellence.{{Cite web|title=Accredited Agencies|url=https://cpse.org/accreditation/accredited-agencies/|access-date=October 18, 2020|website=Center for Public Safety Excellence|language=en-US}}

The city's police force, the Edmonton Police Service, was founded in 1892, and had approximately 1,400 officers in 2012.{{cite web|title=History of the EPS |url=http://www.edmontonpolice.ca/AboutEPS/HistoryOfTheEPS.aspx |work=About EPS |publisher=Edmonton Police Service |access-date=January 13, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102032541/http://www.edmontonpolice.ca/AboutEPS/HistoryOfTheEPS.aspx |archive-date=January 2, 2013 }}

Canadian Forces Base Edmonton is home to 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group (1 CMBG), the Regular Force army brigade group of 3rd Canadian Division of the Canadian Army. Units in 1 CMBG include Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians), 1 Combat Engineer Regiment, two of the three battalions of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, and various headquarters, service, and support elements. Although not part of 1 CMBG, 408 Tactical Helicopter Squadron and 1 Field Ambulance are located with the brigade group. All of these units are located at Lancaster Park, immediately north of the city. From 1943, as CFB Namao (now CFB Edmonton/Edmonton Garrison), it was a major air force base.{{cite web|url=http://www.abheritage.ca/aviation/history/military_namao.html |author=Alberta's Aviation History |title=CFB Namao |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009210917/http://www.abheritage.ca/aviation/history/military_namao.html |archive-date=October 9, 2008 }} In 1996, all fixed-wing aviation units were transferred to CFB Cold Lake.

The Canadian Parachute Centre was located in the city until 1996, when it was moved to CFB Trenton, Ontario, and renamed the Canadian Army Advanced Warfare Centre.{{Cite web|title=Paratrooper: Airborne with the Army's advanced warfare centre {{!}} Canadian Army Today|url=https://canadianarmytoday.com/paratrooper-airborne-with-the-armys-advanced-warfare-centre/|access-date=October 18, 2020|language=en-US}} The move of 1 CMBG and component units from Calgary occurred in 1996 in what was described as a cost-saving measure.{{cite web|url=https://sencanada.ca/en/Content/Sen/committee/381/defe/16eva-e |author=Government of Canada |title=Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence |access-date=May 10, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510060123/https://sencanada.ca/en/Content/Sen/committee/381/defe/16eva-e |archive-date=May 10, 2012 }} The brigade had existed in Calgary since the 1950s, and Lord Strathcona's Horse had traditionally been a Calgary garrison unit dating back to before World War I.

Edmonton also has a large army reserve element from 41 Canadian Brigade Group (41 CBG), including The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry); 41 Combat Engineer Regiment; HQ Battery, 20th Field Artillery Regiment; and B Squadron of The South Alberta Light Horse, one of Alberta's oldest army reserve units. Despite being far from Canada's coasts, Edmonton is also the home of {{HMCS|Nonsuch}},{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.forces.gc.ca/navres/nearestUnit_uniteLaPlusPres/hmcs_ncsm_NONSUCH/noh-unitPortal_portailUnite-eng.asp |author=Government of Canada |title=HMCS Nonsuch |access-date=November 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630044740/http://www.navy.forces.gc.ca/navres/nearestUnit_uniteLaPlusPres/hmcs_ncsm_NONSUCH/noh-unitPortal_portailUnite-eng.asp |archive-date=June 30, 2013}} a naval reserve division. There are numerous cadet corps{{cite web|url=http://www.cadets.ca/en/ |author=Government of Canada |title=Cadets Canada |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503152051/http://www.cadets.ca/en/ |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }} of the different elements (naval, army and air force) within Edmonton as well.

Edmonton experienced a decrease in crime in the 1990s, an increase in the early 2000s,{{cite journal|last=Savoie |first=Josée |title=Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime: Edmonton, Halifax and Thunder Bay |journal=Crime and Justice Research Paper Series |date=March 2008 |pages=11–12 |publisher=Statistics Canada |location=Ottawa |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-561-m/85-561-m2008010-eng.pdf |issn=1707-5203 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207102926/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-561-m/85-561-m2008010-eng.pdf |archive-date=February 7, 2013 }} and another downturn at the end of the decade.{{which|date=January 2024}}

File:Edmonton Police At Headquarters.jpg

The Edmonton census metropolitan area (CMA) had a crime severity index of 84.5 in 2013, which is higher than the national average of 68.7.{{cite web|last1=Boyce|first1=Jillian|last2=Cotter|first2=Adam|last3=Perreault|first3=Samuel|title=Police-reported crime statistics in Canada, 2013|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2014001/article/14040-eng.pdf|publisher=Statistics Canada, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics|access-date=May 3, 2015|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123141555/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2014001/article/14040-eng.pdf|archive-date=November 23, 2015|pages=13 & 30|date=July 23, 2014}} Its crime severity index was the fifth-highest among CMAs in Canada behind Regina, Saskatoon, Kelowna and Vancouver. In 2011, the city set a record for the most homicides in a year with 53 murders, giving the city a homicide rate of 6.5 per 100,000 people.{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=April 13, 2021 |title=Number and rate of homicide victims, by Census Metropolitan Areas |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510007101 |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=www150.statcan.gc.ca}} Edmonton had the fourth-most homicides in 2013 with 27, a 49% decrease from 2011. In 2017, it hit another peak in homicides with a slightly lower total of 49, for a rate of 5.2 per 100,000. There were 165 shootings reported in 2022.{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2022 |title='Brazenness' of shootings escalating, police say, as videos of public gun violence released |url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/brazenness-of-shootings-escalating-police-say-as-videos-of-public-gun-violence-released-1.5832762 |access-date=August 4, 2023 |website=Edmonton |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Gun Violence 2022 |url=https://www.edmontonpolice.ca/News/SuccessStories/GunViolence2022 |access-date=August 4, 2023 |website=www.edmontonpolice.ca |language=en}} In 2023, Edmonton saw an increase in homicides with 46 being reported, giving the city a homicide rate of around 4.5 per 100,000 and also had a record 221 shootings, a 33.9% increase from the year before.

Noteworthy events that have occurred in Edmonton include the 1965 Edmonton aircraft bombing, the 2011 murder of Johnny Altinger, the 2012 University of Alberta shooting, the 2014 Edmonton shooting, and the 2017 Edmonton attack. Over $100,000 of property damage to Edmonton City Hall occurred in a shooting and firebombs attack on January 23, 2024, where no one was injured.[https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/canada/damage-in-edmonton-city-hall-attack-estimated-at-100k-meetings-canceled-next-week/ar-BB1hjRnY Damage in Edmonton city hall attack estimated at $100K, meetings canceled next week], January 26, 2024.[https://globalnews.ca/news/10244633/edmonton-city-hall-lockdown-january/ 'Heavily armed' suspect acted alone in Edmonton City Hall shooting: police], January 23, 2024.

{{Main|Transportation in Edmonton}}

File:Edmonton International Airport Control Tower.jpg. The international airport is the primary air passenger and air cargo facility for the Edmonton Metropolitan Region.]]

{{see also|List of airports in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region}}

Edmonton is a major air transportation gateway to northern Alberta and northern Canada. The Edmonton International Airport (YEG) is the main airport serving the city.

The airport provides passenger service to destinations in the United States, Europe, Mexico, and the Caribbean. The airport is located within Leduc County, adjacent to the City of Leduc and the Nisku Industrial Business Park. With direct air distances from Edmonton to places such as London in United Kingdom being shorter than to other main airports in western North America,{{cite web |author=Edmonton Airports |title=Strategic Location |publisher=Edmonton Airports |url=http://corporate.flyeia.com/media/7735/437.pdf |access-date=November 1, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711013355/http://corporate.flyeia.com/media/7735/437.pdf |archive-date=July 11, 2011}} Edmonton Airports is working to establish a major container shipping hub called Port Alberta.{{cite web |author=Edmonton Airports |title=Port Alberta |publisher=Edmonton Airports |date=November 1, 2007 |url=http://corporate.edmontonairports.com/business_at_the_airport/port_alberta| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017112326/http://corporate.edmontonairports.com/business_at_the_airport/port_alberta |archive-date=October 17, 2007 |access-date=November 1, 2007}}

Edmonton serves as a major transportation hub for Canadian National Railway, whose North American operations management centre is located at their Edmonton offices. It is also tied into the Canadian Pacific Kansas City network, which provides service from Calgary to the south and extends northeast of Edmonton to serve Alberta's Industrial Heartland.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Inter-city rail passenger rail service is provided by Via Rail's premier train, the Canadian, as it travels between Vancouver, British Columbia, and Toronto, Ontario. Passenger trains stop at the Edmonton railway station two days a week in both directions. The train connects Edmonton to multiple stops in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario.{{cite web|url=http://www.viarail.ca/en/explore-our-destinations/stations/rockies-and-pacific/edmonton |title=Edmonton train station |author=Via Rail Canada |publisher=Via Rail Canada |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503102055/http://www.viarail.ca/en/explore-our-destinations/stations/rockies-and-pacific/edmonton |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }}

{{Main|Edmonton Transit Service}}

File:ETS Bus Stadium Station, Edmonton.jpg transit centre]]

The Edmonton Transit Service (ETS) is the city's public transit agency, operating the Edmonton Light Rail Transit (LRT) network as well as a fleet of buses.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/ets/ets-history-statistics.aspx |author=The City of Edmonton |title=History of ETS |access-date=August 14, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314002722/http://www.edmonton.ca/ets/ets-history-statistics.aspx |archive-date=March 14, 2016 }} In 2017, ETS served approximately 86,997,466 people; the bus system saw 62,377,183 riders, while the LRT network served 24,620,283 passengers.{{Cite web|title=LRT ridership increases, but overall Edmonton Transit use down slightly|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/lrt-ridership-increases-but-overall-edmonton-transit-use-down-slightly|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=Edmonton Journal|language=en-CA}}

From the 1990s to early 2009, Edmonton was one of two cities in Canada still operating trolley buses, along with Vancouver. On June 18, 2008, City Council decided to abandon the Edmonton trolley bus system{{cite web|url=http://webdocs.edmonton.ca/meetings/minutes_council/cc20080618mn.doc |title=City Council Minutes{{snd}} June 18, 2008 |publisher=City of Edmonton |date=June 18, 2008 |access-date=September 19, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706180606/http://webdocs.edmonton.ca/meetings/minutes_council/cc20080618mn.doc |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }} and the last trolley bus ran on May 2, 2009.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/ets/about_ets/ets-trolley.aspx|title=Last Day of Trolley Operations|publisher=City of Edmonton|access-date=September 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616145950/http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/ets/about_ets/ets-trolley.aspx |archive-date=June 16, 2011}}{{cite news |url=http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/story.html?id=a17d9aa6-0be1-4ae9-a977-0ca5a215d1ac |title=Trolleys reach end of the line |newspaper=Edmonton Journal |date=June 19, 2008 |access-date=September 19, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728182021/http://www.canada.com/edmontonjournal/story.html?id=a17d9aa6-0be1-4ae9-a977-0ca5a215d1ac |archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}

Scheduled LRT service began on April 23, 1978, with nine extensions of the network completed since.{{Cite web|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=September 30, 2020|title=Future LRT|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/projects_plans/transit/future-lrt-projects.aspx|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=www.edmonton.ca}} The original Edmonton line is considered to be the first "modern" light rail line (i.e., built from scratch, rather than being an upgrade of an old system) in North America to be constructed in a city with a population of under one million people.{{Cite web|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=September 30, 2020|title=History of ETS|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/ets/ets-history-statistics.aspx|access-date=September 30, 2020|website=www.edmonton.ca}} It introduced the use of German-designed rolling stock that subsequently became the standard light rail vehicle of the United States.{{cite web|author=Edmonton Transit System's LRT History|title=Edmonton Transit System's LRT History|url=http://www.barp.ca/bus/lrt/edmonton/history.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008142122/http://www.barp.ca/bus/lrt/edmonton/history.html|archive-date=October 8, 2008|access-date=March 7, 2009}} The Edmonton "proof-of-payment" fare collection system adopted in 1980{{snd}} modelled after European ticket systems{{snd}} became the North American transit industry's preferred approach for subsequent light rail projects.{{cite book|url=http://pubsindex.trb.org/document/view/default.asp?lbid=174228|author=Edmonton's Light Rail Transit From Concept to Operations|title=Edmonton's Light Rail Transit From Concept to Operations|year=1981|publisher=National Academy of Sciences |isbn=9780309032582|access-date=March 7, 2009}} The four-year South LRT extension was opened in full on April 24, 2010, which sees trains travelling to Century Park{{cite web |title=South LRT Extension |url=http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/FactSheet-SLRTExtension.pdf |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=November 27, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424025250/http://www.edmonton.ca/transportation/FactSheet-SLRTExtension.pdf |archive-date=April 24, 2013 }} (located at 23 Avenue and 111 Street), making stops at South Campus and Southgate Centre along the way. A line to the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology in north-central Edmonton using the same high-floor technology of the existing system opened September 6, 2015. The southeast leg of the Valley Line, which starts in Mill Woods and ends in the downtown core, opened on November 4, 2023, after experiencing significant delays.{{Cite web|title=Valley Line|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/projects_plans/transit/valley-line-lrt-mill-woods-to-lewis-farms.aspx|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=May 16, 2020|website=www.edmonton.ca|access-date=May 16, 2020}}{{cite news |title=Edmonton's Valley Line Southeast LRT set to open Nov. 4 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-s-valley-line-southeast-lrt-to-open-1.7006127 |access-date=October 24, 2023 |work=CBC |date=October 24, 2023}} Construction on the second and final phase of the Valley Line, which will extend the line west to Lewis Farms, commenced in 2021.{{Cite web|title=Valley Line{{snd}} West|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/projects_plans/transit/valley-line-west.aspx|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=May 16, 2020|website=www.edmonton.ca|access-date=May 16, 2020}} Unlike the Capital and Metro lines, trains on the Valley Line use low-floor technology.

Edmonton is a member of the Edmonton Metropolitan Transit Services Commission, which will begin service in mid-2022.{{Cite web|last=Dyer|first=Kelsey|date=January 28, 2021|title=Regional transit commission approved by the Alberta government|url=https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/regional-transit-commission-approved-by-the-alberta-government-1.5286424|access-date=February 16, 2021|website=Edmonton|language=en}} The Edmonton Metropolitan Transit Services Commission is scheduled to be disestablished May 31, 2023, as a result of Edmonton's withdrawal.

File:AB216wRoad-Exit46BA-AB15 (33828017685).jpg in Edmonton. The freeway is the main ring road for the city.]]

A largely gridded system forms most of Edmonton's street and road network.{{cite web |url=http://webdocs.edmonton.ca/transit/about_ets/etsab2008Minutes/etsab_minutes_apr08.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326205306/http://webdocs.edmonton.ca/transit/about_ets/etsab2008Minutes/etsab_minutes_apr08.pdf |archive-date=March 26, 2009 |author=Edmonton Transit System Advisory Board |title=Edmonton Transit System Advisory Board |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=dead }} The address system is mostly numbered, with streets running south to north and avenues running east to west. In built-up areas built since the 1950s, local streets and major roadways generally do not conform to the grid system. Major roadways include Kingsway, Yellowhead Trail (Highway 16), Whitemud Drive and Anthony Henday Drive.

The major roads connecting to other communities elsewhere in Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan are the Yellowhead Highway to the west and east and Highway 2 (Queen Elizabeth II Highway) to the south.{{cite web|url=http://www.transcanadayellowhead.com/ |author=Trans Canada Yellowhead Highway Association |title=Trans Canada Yellowhead Highway Association |access-date=March 7, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928145721/http://www.transcanadayellowhead.com/ |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType329/Production/11x17_Provincial_Network_Map.pdf |author=Government of Alberta |title=Alberta Highway 2 |access-date=March 23, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705094637/http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType329/Production/11x17_Provincial_Network_Map.pdf |archive-date=July 5, 2010 }}

Edmonton maintains over {{Convert|160|km|abbr=on}} of multi-use trails, mostly within the river valley parkland system.{{Cite web|title=Trails & Pathways|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/activities_parks_recreation/parks_rivervalley/trail-system.aspx|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=May 25, 2020|website=www.edmonton.ca|access-date=May 25, 2020}}{{cite web|url=http://edmonton.ca/activities_parks_recreation/parks_rivervalley/trail-system.aspx |author=The City of Edmonton |title=Trails & Pathways |access-date=May 3, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503151404/http://edmonton.ca/activities_parks_recreation/parks_rivervalley/trail-system.aspx |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }}

Edmonton's first power company established itself in 1891 and installed streetlights along the city's main avenue, Jasper Avenue. The power company was bought by the Town of Edmonton in 1902 and remains under municipal ownership today as EPCOR. Also in charge of water treatment, in 2002 EPCOR installed the world's largest ultraviolet (UV) water treatment (ultraviolet disinfection) system at its E. L. Smith Water Treatment Plant.{{cite web |url=http://www.epcor.ca/en-ca/corporate-responsibility/environmental-vision/CleanerWater/Pages/UV.aspx |author=EPCOR |title=EPCOR UV |access-date=November 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831021817/http://www.epcor.ca/en-ca/corporate-responsibility/environmental-vision/CleanerWater/Pages/UV.aspx |archive-date=August 31, 2010 |url-status=dead }}

File:MRF Composter03.jpg was the largest co-composting facility in North America by volume and capacity.]]

Edmonton delivers source-separated organics waste collection to all single-unit, and some multi-unit homes.{{Cite web|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=March 16, 2021|title=Edmonton Cart Rollout|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/garbage_waste/edmonton-cart-rollout.aspx|access-date=March 16, 2021|website=www.edmonton.ca}} The city collects four streams of waste under this program: Garbage in black bins, organic waste in green bins, recycling in blue bags, and yard waste in large brown paper bags or clear plastic bags (four times per year).{{Cite web|title=Waste cart rollout starts Monday as Edmonton begins transition to source-separated collection|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/waste-cart-rollout-starts-monday-as-edmonton-begins-moves-to-source-separated-collection|access-date=March 16, 2021|website=edmontonjournal|language=en-CA}} The rollout of the source-separated organics program began in March 2021, and was completed on September 3, 2021.{{Cite web|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=September 14, 2021|title=Cart rollout delivers to more than 250,000 Edmonton households in six months|url=https://transforming.edmonton.ca/cart-rollout-delivers-to-more-than-250000-edmonton-households-in-six-months/|access-date=September 14, 2021|website=Transforming Edmonton|language=en-US}} During this period, Edmonton delivered approximately 10,000 new carts every week to a total of approximately 250,000 homes.{{Cite web|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=August 3, 2021|title=New sorting stations a colourful addition to Edmonton's waste diversion story|url=https://transforming.edmonton.ca/new-sorting-stations-a-colourful-addition-to-edmontons-waste-diversion-story/|access-date=August 3, 2021|website=Transforming Edmonton|language=en-US}} City employees collect waste from half of these homes, and collection from the other homes is contracted to a private company.{{Cite web|title=Waste collection missed for about 13,000 southwest Edmonton homes last week due to contractor challenges adjusting to new system|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/waste-collection-missed-for-about-13000-southwest-edmonton-homes-last-week-due-to-contractor-challenges-adjusting-to-new-system|access-date=September 14, 2021|website=edmontonjournal|language=en-CA}}

An anaerobic digester began service in April 2021, and has the capacity to process 40,000 tonnes of organic waste annually. This facility produces high-quality compost and generates renewable heat and electricity.{{Cite web|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=March 16, 2021|title=Organics Processing Program|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/garbage_waste/edmonton-composting-facility.aspx|access-date=March 16, 2021|website=www.edmonton.ca}} Edmonton signed contracts for private partners to process the remaining 28,000 tonnes of organic waste generated annually. In spring 2021, the city started selling compost produced at this facility.

The city will roll-out the new waste collection service to the remaining multi-unit households which receive curbside service, but were not included in the initial transition, in 2023.{{Cite web|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=March 16, 2021|title=Apartment and Condo Communal Waste Collection|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/garbage_waste/multi-family-collection-recycling.aspx|access-date=March 16, 2021|website=www.edmonton.ca}} Meanwhile, the city has stopped offering curbside waste collection from commercial businesses, and has not yet said whether businesses will eventually be required to separate their organic waste.{{Cite web|last=Edmonton|first=City of|date=March 16, 2021|title=Commercial Waste Management Services|url=https://www.edmonton.ca/programs_services/garbage_waste/commercial-waste.aspx|access-date=March 16, 2021|website=www.edmonton.ca}} The rollout of the new waste collection system follows a successful two-year pilot program which began service in 2019, and included 8,000 households in 12 neighbourhoods.{{Cite news|title=Organics pilot project sets the tone for Edmonton's future waste system {{!}} CBC News|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-waste-organics-pilot-1.5266744|access-date=March 16, 2021}}

The Edmonton Composting Facility was the largest of its type in the world, and the largest stainless steel building in North America.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/for_residents/garbage-recycling.aspx |author=City of Edmonton |title=Edmonton Composting Facility |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921100353/http://edmonton.ca/for_residents/garbage-recycling.aspx |archive-date=September 21, 2010 }} Among the innovative uses for the city's waste included a Christmas tree recycling program. The trees were collected each January and put through a woodchipper; this material was used as an addition to the composting process. In addition, the wood chips absorbed much of the odour produced by the compost by providing a biofilter element to trap odour causing gaseous results of the process.{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/for_residents/garbage_recycling/edmonton-composting-facility.aspx |author=City of Edmonton |title=Edmonton Composting Facility |access-date=February 27, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922100253/http://edmonton.ca/for_residents/garbage_recycling/edmonton-composting-facility.aspx |archive-date=September 22, 2010 }} The composting facility was permanently shut down in 2019 after an inspection found that the structural integrity of its roof was compromised.{{Cite web|title=Edmonton Composting Facility shutting down immediately due to rotten roof|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5329568/edmonton-composting-facility-closed/|website=Global News|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2020}}

Together, the Waste Management Centre and Wastewater Treatment plant are known as the Edmonton Waste Management Centre of Excellence. Research partners include the University of Alberta, the Alberta Research Council, the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, and Olds College.{{cite web |url=http://www.ewmce.com/ |author=Edmonton Waste Management Centre of Excellence |title=Edmonton Waste Management Centre of Excellence |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106124106/http://www.ewmce.com/ |archive-date=January 6, 2009 }}

There are four main hospitals serving Edmonton: University of Alberta Hospital, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Misericordia Community Hospital, and Grey Nuns Community Hospital.{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalhealth.ca/HospitalsandHealthFacilities/Hospitals/default.htm|author=Capital Health|title=Hospitals & Primary Care Facilities|access-date=February 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302054801/http://www.capitalhealth.ca/HospitalsandHealthFacilities/Hospitals/default.htm |archive-date=March 2, 2009}} Other area hospitals include Sturgeon Community Hospital in St. Albert, Leduc Community Hospital in Leduc, WestView Health Centre in Stony Plain, and Fort Saskatchewan Community Hospital in Fort Saskatchewan. Dedicated psychiatric care is provided at the Alberta Hospital. The Northeast Community Health Centre offers a 24-hour emergency room with no inpatient ward services. The University of Alberta Hospital is the centre of a larger complex of hospitals and clinics located adjacent to the university campus which comprises the Stollery Children's Hospital, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Cross Cancer Institute, Zeidler Gastrointestinal Health Centre, Ledcor Clinical Training Centre, and Edmonton Clinic. Several health research institutes, including the Heritage Medical Research Centre, Medical Sciences Building, Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, and Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, are also located at this site. A similar set-up is also evident at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, which is connected to the Lois Hole Hospital for Women and Orthopaedic Surgery Centre. All hospitals are under the administration of Alberta Health Services, the single provincial health authority that plans and delivers health services to Albertans, on behalf of the Ministry of Health. The Misericordia and Grey Nuns are run separately by Covenant Health.{{cite web|url=http://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/zone/ahs-zn-edmonton-map-brochure.pdf |title=AHS Edmonton Zone Brochure |author=Alberta Health Services |date=October 10, 2013 |access-date=May 24, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408033202/http://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/zone/ahs-zn-edmonton-map-brochure.pdf |archive-date=April 8, 2016 }}

File:Edmonton Public School Board Edmonton Alberta Canada 01A.jpg, one of three publicly funded school districts in the city]]

Edmonton has three publicly funded school boards (districts) that provide kindergarten and grades 1–12. The vast majority of students attend schools in the two large English-language boards: Edmonton Public Schools, with 213 operating schools,{{cite web |title=Facts and Stats |url=http://www.epsb.ca/ourdistrict/facts/ |publisher=Edmonton Public Schools |access-date=14 October 2024}} and the separate Edmonton Catholic School District, with 95 operating schools, as of 2024.{{cite web|url=https://www.ecsd.net/school-directory|author=Edmonton Catholic Schools |title=School Directory |access-date=October 14, 2024 }} Since 1994, the Francophone minority community has had their own school board based in Edmonton, the Greater North Central Francophone Education Region No. 2, which includes surrounding communities. The city also has a number of public charter schools that are independent of any board. All three school boards and public charter schools are funded through provincial grants and property taxes.{{Citation needed|reason=All these sentences are neither thoroughly sourced and verifiable here nor by reading the following paragraphs. More precise sourcing is thus needed.|date=December 2020}}

Some private schools exist as well, including Edmonton Academy,{{cite web |url=http://www.edmontonacademy.com/home.html |publisher=Edmonton Academy |title=Edmonton Academy |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514200620/http://www.edmontonacademy.com/home.html |archive-date=May 14, 2008 }} Progressive Academy{{cite web|url=http://progressiveacademy.ca/about-us/ |publisher=Progressive Academy |title=About Us |access-date=January 24, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411073318/http://progressiveacademy.ca/about-us/ |archive-date=April 11, 2013 }} and Tempo School.{{cite web|url=http://www.temposchool.org/ |publisher=Tempo School |title=Welcome to Tempo School |access-date=January 24, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209035355/http://temposchool.org/ |archive-date=February 9, 2013 }}

Edmonton Public Schools is known for pioneering the concept of site-based decision making (decentralization) in Canada, which gives principals the authority, the financial resources and the flexibility to make decisions based on the individual needs of their schools.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aasa.org/SchoolAdministratorArticle.aspx?id=10846|title=AASA {{!}} American Association of School Administrators|website=www.aasa.org|access-date=April 9, 2020}} This initiative has led to Edmonton Public offering a school of choice model in which students have more options as to what school they want to attend to suit their interests, and has led to the creation of alternative programs such as Vimy Ridge Academy, Old Scona Academic and Victoria School of the Arts.{{Cite web|url=https://epsb.ca/media/epsb/curriculumprograms/AlternativeProgramsHandbook.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303182041/http://www.epsb.ca/media/epsb/curriculumprograms/AlternativeProgramsHandbook.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 3, 2019|title=Alternative Programs Handbook|date=April 5, 2016|website=Edmonton Public Schools|publication-date=April 5, 2016|access-date=March 31, 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.mun.ca/educ/faculty/mwatch/vol1/delaney.html|title=The Development of School-Based Management in the Edmonton Public School District|website=www.mun.ca|access-date=March 31, 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/retired-edmonton-school-superintendent-bets-he-can-overhaul-massive-las-vegas-school-system/|title=Retired Edmonton school superintendent bets he can overhaul massive Las Vegas school system|website=edmontonjournal.com|access-date=March 31, 2020}} The Edmonton Society for Christian Education{{cite web |url=http://www.edmchristian.org/our-schools/edmonton-society-for-christian-education |author=Edmonton Society for Christian Education |title=Edmonton Society for Christian Education |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925152404/http://www.edmchristian.org/our-schools/edmonton-society-for-christian-education |archive-date=September 25, 2012 }} and Millwoods Christian School (not part of the former) used to be private schools; both have become part of Edmonton Public Schools' alternative programs.{{cite web |url=http://www.edmchristian.org/our-schools/edmonton-society-for-christian-education |author=Edmonton Society for Christian Education |title=Edmonton Society for Christian Education |access-date=April 18, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925152404/http://www.edmchristian.org/our-schools/edmonton-society-for-christian-education |archive-date=September 25, 2012 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.millwoodschristianschool.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=27|author=Millwoods Christian School|title=Millwoods Christian School|access-date=April 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125122941/http://www.millwoodschristianschool.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=27 |archive-date=January 25, 2010}}

Both the Edmonton Public Schools and the Edmonton Catholic School District provide support and resources for those wishing to homeschool their children.{{cite web|url=http://homeschooledmonton.wordpress.com/ |author=Home Schooling in Edmonton |title=Home Schooling in Edmonton |access-date=February 28, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111081255/http://homeschooledmonton.wordpress.com/ |archive-date=January 11, 2011 }}

Those post-secondary institutions based in Edmonton that are publicly funded include Concordia University of Edmonton, MacEwan University, NorQuest College, the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) and the University of Alberta (U of A).{{cite web|url=http://eae.alberta.ca/post-secondary/institutions/public.aspx |title=Publicly Funded Institutions |publisher=Alberta Enterprise and Advanced Education |access-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206023215/http://eae.alberta.ca/post-secondary/institutions/public.aspx |archive-date=December 6, 2012 }} The publicly funded Athabasca University also has a campus in Edmonton.{{cite web|url=http://lss.athabascau.ca/advising/learning_centres.php |title=UA Locations |publisher=Athabasca University |access-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125234858/http://lss.athabascau.ca/advising/learning_centres.php |archive-date=November 25, 2012 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.uleth.ca/edmonton/ |title=Faculty of Management Edmonton Campus |publisher=University of Lethbridge |access-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115151423/http://www.uleth.ca/edmonton/ |archive-date=January 15, 2013 }}

The U of A is a board-governed institution{{cite web|url=http://www.governance.ualberta.ca/ |title=University Governance |publisher=University of Alberta |access-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112201002/http://www.governance.ualberta.ca/ |archive-date=November 12, 2012 }} that has an annual revenue of over one billion dollars.{{cite web |url=http://uofa.ualberta.ca/why-ualberta/ualbertafacts/Financial.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140726193811/http://uofa.ualberta.ca/why-ualberta/ualbertafacts/Financial.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |title=Financial -UAlberta Facts |publisher=University of Alberta |access-date=July 19, 2014 }} In 2021/22, the university had over 40,000 students enrolled within over 700 undergraduate, graduate and professional programs, as well as over 7,000 students enrolled in its faculty of extension.{{Cite web|title=Facts {{!}} University of Alberta|url=https://www.ualberta.ca/about/facts.html|access-date=November 1, 2021|website=www.ualberta.ca}}{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://ext.ualberta.ca/information/about-us|access-date=November 1, 2021|website=UAlberta Extension|language=en-US}} The U of A is also home to the second-largest research library system in Canada.{{cite web |url=http://uofa.ualberta.ca/why-ualberta/ualbertafacts/distinctivelyua |title=Distinctively U of A – UAlberta Facts |publisher=University of Alberta |access-date=July 19, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702121722/http://uofa.ualberta.ca/why-ualberta/ualbertafacts/distinctivelyua |archive-date=July 2, 2014 }}

In 2019/20, MacEwan University had a total student population of over 18,000 full-time and part-time students enrolled in programs offering bachelor's degrees, university transfers, diplomas and certificates.{{Cite web|title=Facts and Figures – MacEwan University|url=https://www.macewan.ca/wcm/Discover/OurStory/FactsandFigures/index.htm|access-date=November 1, 2021|website=www.macewan.ca|archive-date=November 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101165119/https://www.macewan.ca/wcm/Discover/OurStory/FactsandFigures/index.htm|url-status=dead}} NAIT has an approximate total of 41,000 students enrolled in more than 200 programs,{{Cite web|last=Northern Alberta Institute of Technology|date=January 1, 2021|title=Quick Facts|url=https://www.nait.ca/nait/about/our-vision/quick-facts|access-date=November 1, 2021|website=NAIT}} while NorQuest College has approximately 21,000 students enrolled in various full-time, part-time and continuing education programs.{{Cite web|title=About Us – NorQuest College – Edmonton, Alberta|url=https://www.norquest.ca/about-us.aspx|access-date=November 1, 2021|website=www.norquest.ca}}

Other post-secondary institutions within Edmonton include King's University (private), Newman Theological College, Taylor College and Seminary, and Yellowhead Tribal College (an Indigenous college).{{cite web | title=Yellowhead Tribal College | url=http://www.ytced.ab.ca/ | publisher=Yellowhead Tribal College | access-date=April 10, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404184710/http://www.ytced.ab.ca/ | archive-date=April 4, 2012 |url-status=live }}

{{Main|Media in Edmonton}}

Edmonton has seven local broadcast television stations shown on basic cable TV or over-the-air, with the oldest broadcasters in the city being CTV Edmonton (1954) and CBC TV Edmonton (1961).{{cite web|title=Existing Alberta Television Stations|url=http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/index3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050724000825/http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/index3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 24, 2005|work=Television Stations Listings|publisher=Canadian Communications Foundation|access-date=January 6, 2013}} Most of Edmonton's conventional television stations have made the switch to over-the-air digital broadcasting. The cable television providers in Edmonton are Telus (for IPTV) and Shaw Communications. Twenty-one FM and eight AM radio stations are based in Edmonton.{{cite web|title=Existing Northern Alberta Radio Stations|url=http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/index3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050724000825/http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/index3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 24, 2005|work=Radio Station history|publisher=Canadian Communications Foundation|access-date=January 6, 2013}}

Edmonton has two large-circulation daily newspapers, the Edmonton Journal and the Edmonton Sun. The Journal, established in 1903, has a daily circulation of 112,000. The Sun, established in 1978, has a circulation of 55,000. Both newspapers are owned by the Postmedia Network.{{Cite news|date=April 13, 2015|title=Postmedia-Sun Media deal officially closes|work=The Globe and Mail|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/postmedia-sun-media-deal-officially-closes/article23895298/|access-date=July 27, 2021}} The Journal no longer publishes a Sunday edition as of July 2012.{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-journal-cutting-sunday-paper-1.1163850 |title=Edmonton Journal cutting Sunday paper |date=May 28, 2012 |publisher=CBC.ca |access-date=January 6, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525202708/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-journal-cutting-sunday-paper-1.1163850 |archive-date=May 25, 2014 }}

Metro, Edmonton's only free daily newspaper, ceased printing on December 20, 2019.{{cite web |url=http://www.metronews.ca/about |title=About |publisher=Free Daily News Group Inc. |access-date=January 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113101712/http://metronews.ca/about/ |archive-date=January 13, 2013 }}{{Cite web|title=Toronto Star shutting down StarMetro newspapers|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/toronto-star-star-metro-closing-1.5365326|last=Patil|first=Anjuli·|date=November 19, 2019|website=CBC News|access-date=May 9, 2020}} The magazine Vue Weekly, a weekly publication which focused on alternative news, was published in Edmonton from 1995 to 2018.{{cite web | url=http://www.altweeklies.com/aan/Directories/Newsweeklies | title=Newsweekly Directory | publisher=Association of Alternative Newsmedia | access-date=January 6, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002052304/http://www.altweeklies.com/aan/Directories/Newsweeklies | archive-date=October 2, 2013 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web|title=Edmonton alt-paper Vue Weekly ends its run|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/edmonton-alt-paper-vue-weekly-ends-its-run|website=Edmonton Journal|language=en-CA|access-date=May 10, 2020}} The Edmonton Examiner is a citywide community-based paper also published weekly.{{cite web|url=http://www.awna.com/awna-member-listing |title=AWNA Member Listing |publisher=Alberta Weekly Newspaper Association |access-date=January 6, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812071049/http://awna.com/awna-member-listing |archive-date=August 12, 2013 }} There are also a number of smaller weekly and community newspapers.

{{see also|List of sister cities in Canada}}

Edmonton has five sister cities.{{cite web |url=http://www2.epl.ca/InfoFile/EPLInfofileDetail.cfm?subject_detail=Sister%20Cities |title=Infofile Detail – Sister Cities |work=Edmonton Public Library |access-date=May 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405054137/http://www2.epl.ca/InfoFile/EPLInfofileDetail.cfm?subject_detail=Sister%20Cities |archive-date=April 5, 2016 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.edmonton.ab.ca/corp_pages/sister_cities.html |title=Sister Cities |year=2003 |work=City of Edmonton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031006052526/http://www.gov.edmonton.ab.ca/corp_pages/sister_cities.html |archive-date=October 6, 2003 |access-date=May 19, 2012}}

• Gatineau, Quebec, Canada (1967){{efn|name=fn1|Originally named Hull, Quebec until January 1, 2002, See:2000–06 municipal reorganization in Quebec}}{{Cite book|last=Aubrey |first=Merrily K |year=2004 |title=Naming Edmonton : from Ada to Zoie |url=https://archive.org/details/namingedmontonfr00aubr |url-access=registration |quote=Edmonton. |publisher=(Edmonton Historical Board. Heritage Sites Committee) University of Alberta Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/namingedmontonfr00aubr/page/132 132], 277 |isbn=0-88864-423-X |access-date=March 26, 2016 }}
• Harbin, China (1985)
• Nashville, Tennessee, United States (1990){{cite web|url=http://www.scnashville.org/ |title=Sister Cities of Nashville |work=SCNashville.org |access-date=August 3, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728004357/http://www.scnashville.org/ |archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}
• Wonju, South Korea (1998){{cite web|title=Gangwon – Alberta Relations|url=http://www.albertacanada.com/korea/images/Gangwon-AB.pdf|publisher=Government of Alberta|access-date=January 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326001015/http://www.albertacanada.com/korea/images/Gangwon-AB.pdf|archive-date=March 26, 2014}}
• Bergen op Zoom, Netherlands (2013){{cite news|title=Vriendschap Bergen op Zoom met Edmonton (Friendship Bergen op Zoom met Edmonton) |url=http://www.bndestem.nl/regio/bergen-op-zoom/vriendschap-bergen-op-zoom-met-edmonton-1.3922932 |language=nl |access-date=March 26, 2016 |agency=BN DeStem |publisher=BN DeStem |date=July 21, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401165422/http://www.bndestem.nl/regio/bergen-op-zoom/vriendschap-bergen-op-zoom-met-edmonton-1.3922932 |archive-date=April 1, 2016 }}

In the United States, American cities and their sisters are listed with that country's Sister Cities International. In 1990, Edmonton became the first sister city of Nashville. In 2015, Nashville Mayor Karl Dean visited Edmonton, addressing the crowd at the Edmonton Folk Music Festival, celebrating the 25th anniversary of becoming sister cities. That year, more than 150 Canadians visited Nashville to attend Alberta-born Brett Kissel's Grand Ole Opry debut and to meet with Sister Cities representatives.{{Cite web |url=https://www.scnashville.org/edmonton-canada.html |title=Edmonton, Canada |website=Sister Cities of Nashville |language=en |access-date=May 22, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522112640/https://www.scnashville.org/edmonton-canada.html |archive-date=May 22, 2018}} In November 2015, Doug Hoyer and Jeremy Witten represented Edmonton at World of Friendship, Nashville's annual sister cities celebration.{{Cite news|url=https://www.tennessean.com/picture-gallery/entertainment/people/2015/11/19/world-of-friendship-reception/76045948/|title=World of Friendship reception|work=The Tennessean|access-date=May 22, 2018|language=en}}

{{portal|border=no|Canada}}

• List of cities in Alberta
• List of communities in Alberta
• List of mayors of Edmonton
• List of municipalities in Alberta
• List of people from Edmonton
• List of tallest buildings in Edmonton
• Edmonton Federation of Community Leagues
• Make Something Edmonton
• Edmontosaurus annectens - a dinosaur, for "connected lizard from Edmonton"

{{notelist}}

{{reflist|30em}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{Cite book |last=Aubrey |first=Merrily K |year=2004 |title=Naming Edmonton : from Ada to Zoie |url=https://archive.org/details/namingedmontonfr00aubr |url-access=registration |quote=Edmonton. |publisher=(Edmonton Historical Board. Heritage Sites Committee) University of Alberta Press |isbn= 0-88864-423-X |id= {{ASIN|088864423X|country=ca}} |access-date=April 13, 2017}}
• {{Cite book |last=Cashman |first=Tony |year=2002 |title=Edmonton: stories from the river city |url=https://archive.org/details/edmontonstoriesf00cash |url-access=registration |quote=Edmonton. |publisher=University of Alberta Press |isbn= 0-88864-392-6 |id= {{ASIN|0888643926|country=ca}} |access-date=May 10, 2012}}
• {{Cite book |last=Merrett |first=Kathryn Chase |year=2001 |title=A history of the Edmonton City Market, 1900–2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hfjefyb5LYEC&q=Edmonton&pg=PP1 |publisher=University of Calgary Press |isbn=1-55238-052-1 |id= {{ASIN|1552380521|country=ca}} |access-date=May 10, 2012}}
• {{Cite book |last=Rooke |first=Charlene |year=2001 |title=Edmonton: secrets of the city |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PPi5JUEliQ4C&q=Edmonton&pg=PP1 |publisher= Arsenal Pulp Press |isbn=1-55152-103-2 |id= {{ASIN|1551521032|country=ca}} |access-date=April 13, 2017}}
• {{cite book |last=Walls |first=Martha |title=Edmonton Book of Everything|year=2007|publisher=Maclntyre Purcell Publishing Inc.|isbn=978-0-9738063-4-2 |url=http://www.macintyrepurcell.com/books/book-of-everything/edmonton-book-of-everything-detail |id= {{ASIN|0973806346|country=ca}} |access-date=May 3, 2014}}
• {{cite book |last=MacGregor |first=James G. |title=Edmonton:a history|year=1975|publisher=Hurtig|isbn=0-888301-00-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zj8lAAAAMAAJ |id= {{ASIN|0888301006|country=ca}} |access-date=April 13, 2017}}

{{refend}}

{{Sister project links|commons=Category:Edmonton|v=no|q=Edmonton|voy=Edmonton}}

• {{Official website}}

{{Edmonton}}

{{Geographic location

|Centre = Edmonton

|Northwest = Morinville
St. Albert

|North = CFB Edmonton
Sturgeon County

|Northeast = Fort Saskatchewan

|East = Strathcona County
Elk Island National Park

|Southeast = Beaumont
Camrose

|South = Leduc County
Leduc (city)

|Southwest = Devon

|West = Parkland County
Enoch Cree Nation
Spruce Grove
Stony Plain

}}

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