:Fuxing (train)

In 2004, China's Ministry of Railways contracted Bombardier Transportation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Alstom to supply the first high-speed trains for China, which later known as Hexie ({{lang-zh|s=和谐号|t=和諧號|p=Héxié Hào|l=Harmony}}), with Chinese partners CNR and CSR. The four foreign companies agreed to manufacture high-speed trains for China as well as provide technology transfer for local production.

Some of the Hexie (Harmony) train sets are manufactured locally through technology transfer, a key requirement for China. The signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with additional foreign elements. By 2010, the track system as a whole was predominantly Chinese.{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704814204575507353221141616|title=Train Makers Rail Against China's High-Speed Designs|first=Norihiko|last=Shirouzu|date=2010-11-17|access-date=2012-12-26|publisher=The Wall Street Journal}} China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed.

However, most of Hexie's (Harmony's) patents are only valid within China, and as such hold no international power. The weakness of intellectual property of Hexie caused obstacles for China to export its high-speed rail related technology, which led to the development of the completely redesigned train brand called Fuxing ({{lang-zh|s=复兴号|t=復興號|p=Fùxīng Hào|l=Rejuvenation|c=}}) that is based on local technology.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/18/world/asia/18rail.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=China Rail Chief's Firing Hints at Trouble|first1=Michael|last1=Wines|first2=Keith|last2=Bradsher|date=2011-02-17|access-date=2012-12-27|work=The New York Times|quote=Many multinational companies also resent China for tweaking foreign designs and building the equipment itself rather than importing it.}}{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/14/world/asia/14china.html|title=High-Speed Trains in China to Run Slower, Ministry Says|first=Ian|last=Johnson|date=2011-06-13|access-date=2012-12-27|work=The New York Times|quote=In the past few months, some foreign companies that sold China its high-speed technology said the trains were not designed to operate at 215 miles per hour. The ministry said that Chinese engineers had improved on the foreign technology and that the trains were safe at the higher speeds.}}

Started in 2012, CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles (now CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles), under the guidance of China Railway Corporation, with a collection of enterprises, universities, and research institutes, carried out the development of a more advanced China Standardized EMU. In December 2013, CRRC Changchun completed developing the general technical conditions for EMUs, and completed the plan design in September 2014.{{cite web|url=http://english.jl.gov.cn/News/GeneralNews/201507/t20150728_2047407.html|title="CNR Changchun-made" Chinese-standard EMU Rolled Off the Production Line|work=Jilin Daily|date=July 6, 2015|access-date=24 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124155022/http://english.jl.gov.cn/News/GeneralNews/201507/t20150728_2047407.html|archive-date=24 November 2016|url-status=dead}} The new EMU was rolled off the production line on 30 June 2015.

According to the arrangement for the China Standardized EMU research and development work, the EMUs will receive {{Convert|600000|km||0|abbr=on}} experimental verification and optimization. They started to experimental work at National Railway Test Center of China Academy of Railway in Beijing after they rolled off, and they were tested at up to {{Convert|160|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=10}}.{{cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/n/2015/0701/c90882-8913481.html|title=Chinese Standard Debuts New Speed of 350 km/h|work=People's Daily Online|date=July 1, 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/high-speed/china-standard-high-speed-emu-enters-service.html|title=China's Standard high-speed EMU enters service|work=International Railway Journal|date=August 15, 2016}}

On 18 November 2015, the China Standardized EMU hit a speed of {{Convert|385|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=10}} and passed the high speed test on Datong–Xi'an Passenger Railway. The EMU was tested under complicated conditions, including on bridges, in tunnels, and on slopes and turns.{{cite web|url=http://china.org.cn/business/2015-11/19/content_37108172.htm|title=Chinese high-speed train passes speed test at 385 km/h|work=Xinhua|date=November 19, 2015}}

On 15 July 2016, the two China Standardized EMUs in opposite directions passed each other at {{Convert|420|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=10}} (relative speed to one another of {{Convert|840|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=10}}) during test runs on Zhengzhou–Xuzhou high-speed railway.{{Cite web|title="复兴号"来了 中国标准动车组时代来了_第A15版：时事·九州/专题_ 2017-06-27 _南方日报数字报_南方网|url=http://epaper.southcn.com/nfdaily/html/2017-06/27/content_7648077.htm|access-date=2020-06-11|website=epaper.southcn.com}}

File:201706 G155 enters into Shanghai Hongqiao Station.jpg since 28 June 2017. Train G155 by Shanghai-based CR400BF from Beijing South railway station arrives at Shanghai Hongqiao railway station]]

On 15 August 2016, the China Standardized EMU has started operation on Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway. The train was running as Train No. G8041 and departed from Dalian North railway station to Shenyang railway station.{{cite web|url=http://www.crrcgc.cc/en/g7389/s13996/t277881.aspx|title=China Standardized EMUs start operation|work=CRRC|date=August 18, 2016}}

From the end of 2016 to the beginning of 2017, several subsidiaries of CRRC gained licences from the National Railway Administration to produce the rolling stocks.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nra.gov.cn/wsbs/xzxk/xzxkjd/xkgg/2016/201701/t20170111_33613.shtml|script-title=zh:国家铁路局行政许可决定书（国铁许准字〔2016〕第720号）|website=www.nra.gov.cn|access-date=2017-06-25|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811222438/http://www.nra.gov.cn/wsbs/xzxk/xzxkjd/xkgg/2016/201701/t20170111_33613.shtml|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.nra.gov.cn/wsbs/xzxk/xzxkjd/xkgg/2016/201701/t20170111_33615.shtml|script-title=zh:国家铁路局行政许可决定书（国铁许准字〔2016〕第722号）|website=www.nra.gov.cn|access-date=2017-06-25|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811182736/http://www.nra.gov.cn/wsbs/xzxk/xzxkjd/xkgg/2016/201701/t20170111_33615.shtml|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.nra.gov.cn/wsbs/xzxk/xzxkjd/xkgg/2017/201703/t20170313_35524.shtml|script-title=zh:国家铁路局行政许可决定书（国铁许准字〔2017〕第079号）|website=www.nra.gov.cn|access-date=2017-06-25|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811183421/http://www.nra.gov.cn/wsbs/xzxk/xzxkjd/xkgg/2017/201703/t20170313_35524.shtml|url-status=dead}}

The China Standardized EMU started its experimental long haul service on Beijing–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway on 25 February 2017.

On June 25, 2017, the official public name of the China Standardized EMU was unveiled as "Fuxing", signaling a departure from the "{{lang|zh-hans|和谐号}}" (Harmony) branding of the previous high speed trains. The next day, a CR400AF departed on its maiden journey from the Beijing South railway station, traveling toward Shanghai, at the same time a CR400BF left Shanghai Hongqiao railway station on its maiden journey bound for Beijing.{{Cite web |date=25 Jun 2017 |script-title=zh:中国标准动车组命名"复兴号" |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2017-06/25/c_1121206644_2.htm |website=Xinhua News Agency}}

After extensive testing since its debut, {{Convert|350|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=10}} operation returned to the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway using Fuxing trains on September 21, 2017, once again making the Chinese high speed railway network the fastest in the world.{{Cite web|last=韩家慧|title="复兴号"开展时速350公里体验运营 京沪高铁全程缩至4个半小时-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//local/2017-07/27/c_129665098.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308041437/http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2017-07/27/c_129665098.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 March 2018|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.xinhuanet.com}}

An 8-car Fuxing set is {{Convert|209|m|ftin|abbr=on}} long, {{Convert|3.36|m|ftin|abbr=on}} wide and {{Cvt|4.06|m|ftin}} high. It has an axle load of less than {{Cvt|17|t|lb|0}}. The train can carry 556 passengers, with 10 in business class, 28 in first class, and 518 in second class. The train also reduces energy consumption, and adopts a standard parts design. It also has reinforced safety features compared with older EMUs.

The spacing of seats of Fuxing (Rejuvenation) is larger than Hexie (Harmony), with the first class at {{Cvt|1160|mm|in}} and the second class {{Cvt|1020|mm|in}}. It also provides Wi-Fi access.

File:201806 CR400AF-2016 operates as G6 Departs from Shanghai Station.jpg as G6]]

File:CR400AF-G-2215@IFP (20210128102110).jpg version at Beijing Chaoyang railway station]]

File:CR400AF-Z-2252@SPK (20210626113836).jpg]]

All variants of Fuxing train are compatible. The EMU models shares the same standard required by China Railway Corporation, hence the name China Standardized EMU. Fuxing train models can be identified by the designation. The number in the designation represents the speed class in kilometers per hour. The first letter after speed is the manufacturer code, with A being the CRRC Qingdao Sifang and B being the CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. The second letter after the speed represents whether the train set is powered by self-propelled multiple units or locomotives.

For CR400AF and CR400BF series EMUs, there may also be a letter as a sub-model.

A represents the 16-car grouping. Compared with the ordinary standard type, carriages 8 and 9 are designed to be connected.

B represents the 17-car grouping. Compared with the 16-car grouping, one second-class car is added to increase the passenger flow capacity during peak periods.

G stands for those that can operate in harsh conditions. Although the overall data and structure are the same as the ordinary standard type, it has the added ability to withstand wind, sand, rain, snow, fog, ultraviolet rays and other severe weather. It can drive in low-temperature environments of –40 °C.

Some variants have two letters indicating combined configuration, such as type GZ being the train set featuring sandstorm and cold resistant capability (type G) and redesigned interior and exterior (type Z).{{cite web|url=https://new.qq.com/omn/20210419/20210419A0A6KM00.html |title=收藏＋转发！复兴号家族最全图鉴来了 |website=Tencent News |date=19 April 2021 |language=Chinese }}

CR450AF

8-car prototype model with operating speed of 400 km/h.{{Cite web |title=FOCUS {{!}} China debuts prototype of fastest high-speed train in the world |url=https://english.news.cn/20241229/7c759dfda3a346df921a8399b07b15cf/c.html |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=english.news.cn |language=en}}

CR450BF

8-car prototype model with operating speed of 400 km/h.

;CR400AF: 8-car standard production model with standard maximum speed of {{Convert|420|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=10}}. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.{{Cite web|date=2015-10-17|title=时速350公里中国标准动车组下线--国家知识产权局|url=http://www.sipo.gov.cn/mtjj/2015/201508/t20150811_1158407.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151017074308/http://www.sipo.gov.cn/mtjj/2015/201508/t20150811_1158407.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-10-17|access-date=2020-06-11|website=archive.is}}{{Cite web|title=国家铁路局向中国标准动车组颁发许可证_国家铁路局|url=http://www.nra.gov.cn/xwzx/xwdt/xwlb/201701/t20170103_33285.shtml|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.nra.gov.cn|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225012934/http://www.nra.gov.cn/xwzx/xwdt/xwlb/201701/t20170103_33285.shtml|url-status=dead}}

; KCIC400AF/AF-CIT

: File:KCIC_CIT400AF.jpg File:KCIC400AF_at_Halim_station.jpg]]Exported to Indonesia a derivative of the CR400AF for Jakarta-Bandung high speed line.

:

:

:

;CR400AF–A: 16-car version manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnbeta.com/articles/tech/734933.htm |title=加长版复兴号下月京沪间开跑 |access-date=9 June 2018 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612235136/https://www.cnbeta.com/articles/tech/734933.htm |url-status=dead }} The first CR400AF-A started operation in July 2018 on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. These sets are {{Convert|415|m|ftin|abbr=on}} long and have a passenger capacity of 1,193 passengers.{{Cite web|title=Longest high-speed trains go into service - SHINE|url=https://www.shine.cn/news/metro/1807027761/|access-date=2018-07-07|website=SHINE|language=en}}

;CR400AF–B: 17-car version manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang. Testing started in 2018{{Cite web|last=北京青年报|date=2018-10-03|title=17辆超长版复兴号现身北京 明年投入京沪高铁运营|url=https://news.sina.com.cn/gov/2018-10-03/doc-ihkvrhps1593666.shtml|access-date=2020-06-11|website=news.sina.com.cn}} and entered passenger service in 2019 in response to high passenger demand on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway.{{Cite web|title=多加一节，17编组复兴号又添这些创新点-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2019-01/08/c_1123959128.htm|access-date=2019-11-09|website=www.xinhuanet.com}} These sets are {{Convert|440|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and have a passenger capacity of 1,283 people.{{Cite web|title=超长版时速350公里"复兴号"上线运营-中新网|url=http://www.chinanews.com/tp/hd2011/2019/01-05/860562.shtml|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.chinanews.com}}

;CR400AF–C: 8-car ATO enabled version with redesigned interior and exterior. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

;CR400AF–G: 8-car sandstorm and cold climate resistant version. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

;CR400AF–Z: 8-car variant with redesigned and upgraded interior and exterior with business class featured in a 1-1 configuration instead of the typical 1-2 configuration. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

;CR400AF–AZ: 16-car variant with redesigned and upgraded interior and exterior, with business class featured in a 1-1 configuration instead of the typical 1-2 configuration. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

;CR400AF–BZ: 17-car variant with redesigned and upgraded interior and exterior, with business class featured in a 1-1 configuration instead of the typical 1-2 configuration. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

;CR400AF–S: An upgraded 8-car variant called the CR400AF-S . This variant features interior enhancements to accommodate more passengers. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

;CR400AF–AS: An upgraded 16-car variant called the CR400AF-AS . This variant features interior enhancements to accommodate more passengers and a new seating class called Premium First Class, which is intermediate between First Class and Business Class. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

;CR400AF–BS: An upgraded 17-car variant called the CR400AF-BS was introduced in April 2024 for use on the Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway from 15 June 2024. This variant features interior enhancements to accommodate more passengers and a new seating class called Premium First Class, which is intermediate between First Class and Business Class. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

;CR400AF–AE: 16-car sleeper variant with redesigned and upgraded interior and exterior. It is Operation by Beijing West/Shanghai-Hongqiao to Hong Kong West Kowloon High Speed Sleeper Train Service use only. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

File:CR400BF-C-5162 at Chengjiayao (20220110145226).jpg]]

File:CR400BF-Z-0524 Train Approaching Nanjing South Railway Station, 25 Aug 2024.jpg]]

File:CR400BF-G-5168@IFP (20210128114409).jpg]]

File:CR400BF-GZ-5143 and 5203 at Xidian (20210907085950).jpg]]

;CR400BF: 8-car standard production model with standard maximum speed of {{Convert|420|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=10}}. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

;CR400BF–A: 16-car version manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. Testing of this variant started on March 9, 2018.{{Cite web|title=世界首列加长版"复兴号"正试验 时速350公里|url=https://www.guancha.cn/industry-science/2018_03_09_449605.shtml|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.guancha.cn}} The first CR400BF-A started operation of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway on June 29, 2018.{{Cite web|title=7月1日全国铁路调图 加长版复兴号将首次上线京沪高铁-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2018-06/01/c_1122921387.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701205801/http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2018-06/01/c_1122921387.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2018|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.xinhuanet.com}} These sets are {{Convert|415|m|ftin|abbr=on}} and have a passenger capacity of 1,193 people.

;CR400BF–B: 17-car version. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.{{Cite web|title=Three New Types of Fuxing Bullet Trains Unveiled_Media_news Details_CRRC|url=https://www.crrcgc.cc/en/g7389/s14333/t298458.aspx|access-date=2020-06-10|website=www.crrcgc.cc}}

;CR400BF–C: 8-car ATO enabled version with redesigned interior and exterior used on the Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway in preparation for the 2022 Winter Olympics. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.{{Cite web|title=京张高铁昨日首发 350公里时速 车厢智能随手触-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com//2019-12/31/c_1125406486.htm|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.xinhuanet.com|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101023304/http://www.xinhuanet.com//2019-12/31/c_1125406486.htm|url-status=dead}} The interior design incorporates snow and ice elements with blue ambient light. The train is also equipped with high-definition LED destination displays, wireless charging for business class seats, and smart glass windows. Additional features include snowboard storage and urine sampling areas.{{Cite web|title=京张高铁今日开通，列车全球首次时速350公里以上自动驾驶|url=https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2019_12_30_529928.shtml|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.guancha.cn}}{{Cite web|title=京张高铁智能动车组上线联调联试-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-11/07/c_1125205617.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230065731/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2019-11/07/c_1125205617.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.xinhuanet.com}} The trains are manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. CR400BF–C started operating on December 30, 2019, with the opening of the Beijing–Zhangjiakou ICR.{{Cite web|last=蘇子牧|date=2019-12-30|title=京張高鐵今開通 全球首次實現時速350公里自動駕駛|url=https://www.hk01.com/即時中國/415438/京張高鐵今開通-全球首次實現時速350公里自動駕駛|access-date=2020-06-11|website=香港01|language=zh-HK}}

;CR400BF–G: 8-car sandstorm and cold climate resistant version for use in more extreme weather. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.{{Cite web|last=Feng|first=David|date=2019-09-11|title=Linking China's Railways from the Capital to The Great Northeast|url=https://medium.com/ticket-gate-19/linking-chinas-railways-from-the-cpaitato-the-great-northeast-7d515b0f7738|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Medium|language=en}} Shares same exterior style as the CR400BF.

;CR400BF–Z: 8-car variant with redesigned and upgraded interior and exterior with business class featured in a 1-1 configuration instead of the typical 1-2 configuration, with sliding doors. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

;CR400BF–AZ: 16-car variant with redesigned and upgraded interior and exterior with business class featured in a 1-1 configuration instead of the typical 1-2 configuration, with sliding doors. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

;CR400BF–BZ: 17-car variant with redesigned and upgraded interior and exterior with business class featured in a 1-1 configuration instead of the typical 1-2 configuration, with sliding doors. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

;CR400BF–GZ: 8-car sandstorm/cold resistant version with redesigned interior and exterior. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

;CR400BF–S: An upgraded 8-car variant called the CR400BF-S . This variant features interior enhancements to accommodate more passengers. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

;CR400BF–AS: An upgraded 16-car variant called the CR400BF-AS . This variant features interior enhancements to accommodate more passengers and a new seating class called Premium First Class, which is intermediate between First Class and Business Class. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

;CR400BF–BS: An upgraded 17-car variant called the CR400BF-BS was introduced in April 2024 for use on the Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway from 15 June 2024. This variant features interior enhancements to accommodate more passengers and a new seating class called Premium First Class, which is intermediate between First Class and Business Class. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

;CR400BF–GS: An upgraded 8-car sandstorm/cold resistant variant called the CR400BF-GS . This variant features interior enhancements to accommodate more passengers. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

File:202102 CR300AF-2027 Chengdudong Railway Station.jpg]]

File:CR300BF-3008.jpg]]

File:FXD1-J0010 at Guangqumen (20190203093259).jpg]]

;CR300AF: Introduced in 2018, with {{Convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=10}} (Record) speed and a service speed of {{Convert|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

;CR300BF: Introduced in 2018, with standard maximum speed of {{Convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=10}}, running at a speed of {{Convert|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.

;CR200J:Introduced in 2019, this {{Convert|210|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} record higher-speed version and a service speed of {{Convert|160|km/h|mph||abbr=on|round=10}} is designed by CRRC Nanjing Puzhen, CRRC Qingdao Sifang, CRRC Tangshan, CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive, CRRC Datong and CRRC Dalian.

{{clear}}

The CR450 is a Fuxing train series currently under development. As of 2023, it has not yet been put into commercial operations but according to Zhao Hongwei, chief researcher of the China Academy of Railway Sciences, the train's general design is expected to be finalized in 2024.{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=David |date=2023-03-13 |title=China Railways to debut 450km/h bullet train "in near future" |url=https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/china-railways-to-debut-450km-h-bullet-train-in-near-future/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Global Construction Review |language=en-GB}} The model is being produced from the China Railway 450 Technology Innovation Project, that was started by Beijing with the purpose to develop the next generation of high-speed trains, and part of China's fourteenth five-year plan between 2021 and 2025.{{Cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Sakshi |date=2023-07-03 |title=At 453 KM/H, China Tests World's Fastest, New-Gen High-Speed Train That Is Safer, Energy-Efficient & Intelligent |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/at-453-km-h-china-tests-worlds-fastest-high-speed-train-trails/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2021-11-22 |title=How to make a bullet train faster? Give it wings, Chinese scientists say |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3156974/chinese-scientists-want-add-wings-bullet-trains-make-them-even |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}

The train encompasses nine new independently developed technologies that includes carbon ceramic braking, pantograph active control, eddy current braking, and permanent magnet traction systems. Since April 2023, the new model has undertaken over 60 tests to evaluate its dynamics when running on tracks and going though tunnels, and as well as train meet scenarios, where two trains pass each other while moving in opposite directions. In June 2023, a CR450 sped at {{Convert|453|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} during a test run that travels through the Meizhou Bay cross-sea bridge, and its relative velocity had reached {{Convert|891|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, which set a new world record for the fastest closing speed among two trains passing each other.{{Cite web |date=2022-05-24 |title=China sets new record in high-speed rail closing speed |url=http://www.koreapost.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=28386 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=The Korea Post |language=ko}}{{Cite web |title=China successfully tests new high-speed trains at top speeds of 453 km/h |url=https://www.thecivilengineer.org/news/china-successfully-tests-new-high-speed-trains-at-top-speeds-of-453-kmh |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.thecivilengineer.org |language=en}}

It is expected to enter service by 2025 with a top operating speed of {{Convert|400|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, surpassing the current fastest operating speeds of other high-speed trains in China.{{Cite web |date=2023-09-04 |title=China's new high-speed train just set a new record as the world's fastest — and it could travel faster than an airplane |url=https://news.yahoo.com/china-high-speed-train-just-130000414.html |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Paleja |first=Ameya |date=2023-07-03 |title=At 281 miles an hour, China's new high-speed maglev train is the world's fastest |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-fastest-281-mph-cr450-chinese-maglev-train |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=interestingengineering.com |language=en-US}}

• On 8 February 2018, a train no. G89 from Beijing West railway station to Chengdu East railway station, serviced by CR400BF-5033 (with 576 seats), was forced to discontinue its journey at Xi'an North railway station, due to a mechanical malfunction (hot box). No passengers were injured. Passengers were then transferred to a CRH380B train set with only 556 seats.{{Cite web|url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2018-02-08/doc-ifyrkzqr0092305.shtml|title=G89次复兴号首次入川遇故障 乘客西安临时换车|last=Bingyang|first=Lu|date=February 8, 2018|website=Sina.com|access-date=February 12, 2018

}}

• On 27 June 2018, train no. G123 from Beijing South railway station to Shanghai Hongqiao railway station was late by 49 minutes, as it sustained an equipment failure due to an earlier service G239 which is provided by Hexie type CRH380B EMU.{{Cite web|url=http://bbs1.people.com.cn/post/2/0/0/163369663.html|title=复兴号晚点暴露出的问题|date=June 28, 2018|website=people.com.cn|access-date=July 13, 2018}}
• On 12 August 2018, train no. G40 from Hangzhou East railway station to Beijing South railway station collided with a flying steel plate, which was blown away from a nearby construction site close to Langfang railway station. The flying steel plates not only damaged the train itself, but caused serious traffic disruptions on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway as the overhead catenary also sustained damages. Passengers were transferred to buses, while the damaged train was hauled to Beijing South railway station by a Dongfeng 11 diesel locomotive.{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/local/2018-08/14/c_11232645a95.htm|title=京沪高铁线遭彩钢板撞击 导致多趟列车停运 |date=August 18, 2018|website=Xinhua|access-date=October 30, 2018}}{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
• On 26 September 2018 an inbound CR400BF-A trainset was unable to properly open its doors at Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station, as the platform edge reached beyond the track's structure gauge. The vehicle was redirected to a different platform. No injuries were reported.{{Cite web|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E6%94%BF%E6%83%85/240684/%E9%AB%98%E9%90%B5%E5%8F%88%E7%94%A9%E8%BD%86-%E8%AD%9A%E6%96%87%E8%B1%AA-8%E8%99%9F%E6%9C%88%E5%8F%B0%E7%96%91%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E7%BC%BA%E9%99%B7-%E6%9C%89%E5%88%97%E8%BB%8A%E7%84%A1%E6%B3%95%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%B8%E9%96%8B%E9%96%80|title=高鐵又甩轆？譚文豪：8號月台疑設計缺陷 有列車無法正常開門|last=Zhuang|first=Gongnan|date=2018-09-27|website=hk01.com|access-date=2018-09-30}}
• During the one week holiday of the National Day of the People's Republic of China (October 1–7, 2018), various services of Fuxing were forced to stop at intermediate stations along their routes, as they had been immobilized by the crowd of passengers, causing traffic disruptions. Unlike Hexie, Fuxing trains are equipped with devices that are capable of detecting certain levels of overcrowding, preventing them from any further movement to ensure safety until train staff manage to remove the necessary number of passengers.{{Cite web|url=http://m.news.cctv.com/2018/10/09/ARTIunBK0CNn6OQKNNiep3a8181009.shtml|title="复兴号"超员就走不动？铁总回应 |date=October 9, 2018|website=CCTV|access-date=October 30, 2018}}
• On 17 October 2018, China Railway Shanghai Group reported that it has implemented portable air quality measurement devices to monitor the level of hazardous fumes emitted by possibly substandard heat resistant surfaces in the passenger carriages as several complaints have been recorded by passengers and train drivers, stating the smell in the carriages is unbearable. Some passengers also suffered minor respiratory diseases such as coughing and sore throat.{{Cite web|url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/ssgs/2018-10-18/detail-ihmrasqs0001321.d.html|title=中铁总从源头整治动车异味 有权要求中车召回并索赔 |date=October 18, 2018|website=Sina.com|access-date=November 8, 2018}}
• On October 14, 2019, a train bound for Kaihua Station had smoke present in the machinery room of its rear locomotive. Upon discovering this, the driver immediately disconnected the main circuit breaker and took measures to slow down. Later, while running, the rear locomotive suddenly broke down in smoke, and was promptly stopped for treatment. The locomotive failure and fire were then dealt with without causing any casualties. The train later arrived at its destination, 201 minutes later than planned. The locomotive involved in the accident was newly built in December 2018, and had traveled 131,498 kilometers at the time of the accident.{{Cite web |url=https://m.weibo.cn/detail/4428147174583255 |title=2019年10月14日，上海局集团公司CR200J-6001号动集发生一起冒烟（起火），通报如下 |access-date=2023-09-27 |archive-date=2019-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017133703/https://m.weibo.cn/detail/4428147174583255 |language=zh }}{{Better source needed|reason=Weibo is a Chinese social media platform, and it’s difficult to determine whether the uploader of this post is a reliable source|date=September 2023}} The specific cause of the fire was a loose wire contacting with the main control panel cabinet, causing the control panel to short circuit and catch fire. Yongji Motor later paid 80 million Yuan in compensation to the China State Railway Group.{{cite web|title=一上海出发列车突发火情 铁路局：及时处置未造成伤亡|url=http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2019/10-15/8979094.shtml|date=2019-10-15|website=中国新闻网|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015104921/http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2019/10-15/8979094.shtml|archivedate=2019-10-15|access-date=2019-10-16|language=zh}}{{cite web|title=D5689次复兴号起火 机车火灾事故隐患亟待整治|url=http://www.cb.com.cn/index/show/zj/cv/cv13461441264|date=2019-10-15|author=路炳阳|website=中国经营网|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015104544/http://www.cb.com.cn/index/show/zj/cv/cv13461441264|archivedate=2019-10-15|access-date=2019-10-16|language=zh}}

File:CRH-0207@BCR (20150709131926).JPG|CRH-0207 testing in the National Railway Test Center, Beijing

File:CRH-0305@BCR (20170328162342).jpg|CRH-0305 at National Railway Test Center, Beijing

File:Century Kiss of CR400 series (20170225103539).jpg|Double heading between Qingdao-built CRH-0207 and Changchun-built CRH-0503

File:CR400AF-2146@BJX (20191023162016).jpg|CR400AF-2146 at Beijing West railway station awaiting departure to Daxing International Airport

File:CR400BF-A-5090@BJN (20181231125235).jpg|CR400BF-A to Shanghai Hongqiao railway station

File:CR400BF-B-5100@BJN (20191019134740).jpg|CR400BF-B departing Beijing South railway station to Shanghai Hongqiao railway station

File:CR400BF-BZ-5208@BJN (20210627122101).jpg|CR400BF-BZ at Beijing South railway station

File:CR400BF-BS-5276@BJN (20240615154854).jpg|CR400BF-BS leaving Beijing South railway station

File:CR400BF-C-5145@QIP (20191230110032).jpg|CR400BF-C at Qinghe railway station

File:CR400BF-G-5138@BJB (20191230155050).jpg|CR400BF-G at Beijing North railway station

File:CR400BF-GZ-5143@IFP (20210625084703).jpg|CR400BF-GZ at Beijing Chaoyang railway station

File:G6554 for CR300AF-1001.jpg|CR300AF on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway

File:CR300BF-0006@BCR (20181223140603).jpg|CR300BF at National Railway Test Center, Beijing

File:FXD1-J0068@SPK (20201123162222).jpg|CR200J on the Beijing-Kowloon railway

File:FXD1-J0280@HLC (20240115093352).jpg|CR200J with revised livery

File:2021-12-03 China-Laos-Eisenbahn.jpg|CR200J on the Boten–Vientiane railway

File:Business class seat on CR400AF-B-2116 (20191021144030).jpg|Business class seats on CR400AF-B-2116

File:Car 1 business class interior of CR400BF-GZ-5143 (20210625091640).jpg|Redesigned business class seats on CR400BF-GZ-5143.

File:Car 16 interior of CR400AF-B-2119 (20191205185406).jpg|First Class cabin interior on CR400AF-B-2119

File:Interiors of CR200J second class coach 20190218.jpg|Second class interior on CR200J

File:201801 Seat Sign on CR400BF.jpg|Seating sign on CR400BF with booking status indicators: red indicators refer to booked and green for empty.

File:CR400AF-Z-Business.jpeg|Business Class Seats Located on the CR400AF-Z Smart Trainset

• China Railway CR450AF
• China Railway CR450BF
• China Railway CR400AF
• China Railway CR400BF
• China Railway CR300AF
• China Railway CR300BF
• China Railway CR220J
• China Railway CR200J

{{reflist|2}}

• {{cite web| url=http://dzb.fawan.com/html/2018-06/08/content_27596.htm| title=加长版"复兴号"下月起运营| trans-title=The extended version of the "Rejuvenation" will operate from next month| language=zh| website=Fawan.com| date=June 2006| access-date=2 July 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702180008/http://dzb.fawan.com/html/2018-06/08/content_27596.htm| archive-date=2 July 2018| url-status=dead}}

{{High-speed rail in the People's Republic of China}}

{{High-speed rail}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:China Standardized EMU}}

Category:High-speed trains of China

Category:Electric multiple units of China

Category:Train-related introductions in 2016

Category:Passenger trains running at least at 350 km/h in commercial operations

Category:Passenger trains running at least at 200 km/h in commercial operations

Category:CRRC multiple units

Category:25 kV AC multiple units