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1292

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}

{{About year|1292}}

{{Year nav|1292}}

{{C13 year in topic}}

File:John Balliol.jpg, King of Scots 1292–1296]]

Year 1292 (MCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

= By place =

== Asia ==

  • Shanghai County is established.{{cite web |url = https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641941&type=-1 |publisher = Government of Shanghai |title = 行政区划 (in Chinese) |access-date = 4 January 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240505092811/https://www.shtong.gov.cn/difangzhi-front/book/detailNew?oneId=2&bookId=344775&parentNodeId=344806&nodeId=641940&type=-1%2A |archive-date = 5 May 2024 |url-status=live |df = dmy-all }}
  • Kublai Khan sends a Mongol expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) to Java. He collects an invasion fleet with some 500–1,000 ships and enough provisions for a year from Fujian, Jiangxi and Huguang in southern China. The fleet travels past Champa (modern Vietnam) and the Karimata Islands. The Mongols land on Java, taking the capital of Kediri, but it proves impossible to hold.Man, John (2007). Kublai Khan: The Mongol king who remade China, p. 281. London: Bantam Books. {{ISBN|978-0-553-81718-8}}.
  • King Mangrai the Great of Ngoenyang conquers and annexes the Mon kingdom of Hariphunchai, creating a political union in the form of the Lan Na Kingdom.Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368
  • The Vaghela dynasty in Gujarat (located along the western coast of India) is subjugated by the Deccan Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Daulatabad.

== Britain ==

  • November 17 – John Balliol is selected by King Edward I of England as ruler of Scotland at Berwick from among 13 competitors for the Crown of Scotland. Edward then treats John as a puppet ruler and Scotland as a vassal state, provoking the Wars of Scottish Independence, commencing in 1296. John is crowned at Scone on November 30 (Saint Andrew's Day). Scotland's castles are returned to the powerful magnates.Dunbar, Sir Archibald H., Bt, Scottish Kings – A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005–1625, p. 115. Edinburgh, 1899.{{cite book |editor1-last=Lynch |editor1-first=Michael |title=The Oxford Companion to Scottish history |date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199693054 |pages=281–282}}
  • December – John Balliol is summoned by Edward I to Westminster to answer an appeal by Macduff of Fife against a judgment imposed on him by the Scottish Parliament. John refuses to answer Macduff's appeal, 'without consulting the people of his realm'. Edward asks for compensation for the violation of English law and demands to hand him over three Scottish castles as repayment for the crime committed.Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98, p. 9. {{ISBN|1-84176-510-4}}.

== Europe ==

  • May 5 – The College of Electors select Adolf, count of Nassau, as the new King of the Romans and successor of Habsburg Rudolf I who had died the previous year. Adolf is forced to make wide-ranging concessions to the Electors to get elected. He is crowned king on June 24 in Aachen by the Archbishop of Cologne.Péporté, Pit (2013). "Menzel (Michael). Die Zeit der Entwürfe 1273–1347". Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire. 91 (4): 1392–1394.
  • June 24 – Castilian forces led by King Sancho IV ("the Brave") begin the siege of Tarifa: eleven newly built engines bombard the city constantly by land and sea. Meanwhile, Muhammad II, Nasrid ruler of Granada, provides the army of Sancho with men, arms and also aids the blockade in the Strait of Gibraltar. Muhammad attacks Marinid outposts and his forces seize Estepona on the coast to the west of Málaga. Sancho conquers Tarifa after a siege of four months, on October 13.O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, pp. 100–101. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.
  • December – Muhammad II sends ambassadors to the Castilian court to ask Sancho IV to surrender Tarifa. Sancho refuses to yield the city to Granada and Muhammad, feeling betrayed, switches sides to form an alliance with the Marinids.O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 102. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.Kennedy, Hugh (2014). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of Al-Andalus, pp. 284–285. London: Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1-317-87041-8}}.

== Levant ==

  • Mamluk forces under Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil accompanied by his vizier Ibn al-Sal'us arrive in Damascus. Khalil travels via Aleppo to besiege the castle of Rumkale (Qal'at ar-Rum, "Castle of the Romans"), the official seat of Stephen IV, patriarch of Armenia. The Mamluks besiege the castle with more than 30 catapults and capture it after 30 days.The Templar of Tyre, Chronicle (Getes des Chiprois). Published by Crawford, P., Ashgate Publishing. Ltd, Cyprus 2003. {{ISBN|1-84014-618-4}}.
  • Al-Ashraf Khalil returns to Damascus and assembles an army to attack Sis, the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. An Armenian embassy arrives in Damascus, and reaches a settlement with Khalil. The cities of Til Hemdun, Marash and Behesni are given to the Mamluks in order to maintain peace.
  • November – Michael II becomes Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch (until 1312).{{cite book | last1 =Carlson| first=Thomas A. |date=2018|title=Christianity in Fifteenth-Century Iraq|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=267}}

= By topic =

== Religion ==

  • Spring – The Taxatio Ecclesiastica, compiled in 1291–1292, is completed under the order of Pope Nicholas IV. It is a detailed database valuation for ecclesiastical taxation of English, Welsh and Irish churches.The Taxatio Project Archived 2016-06-29 at the Wayback Machine, Humanities Research Institute, University of Sheffield
  • April 4 – Nicholas IV dies after a 4-year pontificate in Rome. The cardinals assemble at Perugia to elect a new pope (1292–1294 papal election).

Births

Deaths

References

{{Reflist}}

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