1686

• January 3 – In Madras (now Chennai) in India, local residents employed by the East India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administrator William Gyfford imposes a house tax on residences within the city walls. Gyfford places security forces at all entrances to the city and threatens to banish anyone who fails to pay their taxes, as well as to confiscate the goods of merchants who refuse to make sales.{{cite book |last1=Tchitcherov |first1=Alexander I |title=India: changing economic structure in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries : outline history of crafts and trade |date=1998 |publisher=Manohar Publishers and Distributors |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-7304-062-7 |page=98 |url=https://archive.org/details/indiachangingeco0000tchi/page/98/mode/2up?q=black+town |access-date=May 6, 2023}} A compromise is reached the next day on the amount of the taxes.{{cite journal |title=Records of Fort St. George. Diary and consultation book (1686-1689) |journal=Records of Fort St. George |date=1913 |publisher=Superintendent Government Press |location=Madras |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433000051163&view=1up&seq=25&q1=3%20january |access-date=May 6, 2023}}
• January 17 – King Louis XIV of France reports the success of the Edict of Fontainebleau, issued on October 22 against the Protestant Huguenots, and reports that after less than three months, the vast majority of the Huguenot population had left the country.{{cite book |last1=Scoville |first1=Warren Candler |title=The persecution of Huguenots and French economic development, 1680-1720 |date=1960 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkley |page=58 |url=https://archive.org/details/persecutionofhug0000scov/page/58/mode/2up?q=%22january+17%22 |access-date=May 6, 2023}}
• January 29 – In Guatemala, Spanish Army Captain Melchor Rodríguez Mazariegos leads a campaign to conquer the indigenous Maya people in the rain forests of Lacandona, departing from Huehuetenango to rendezvous with the colonial governor at San Mateo Ixtatán.
• January 31 – In the wake of the success of France's campaign against Protestantism, Victor Amadeus II, the Duke of Savoy, issues an edict against the Valdesi, the Duchy's Protestant minority, setting a 15-day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous, or face banishment or death.{{cite book |last1=Wylie |first1=James Aitken |title=History of the Waldenses |date=2001 |publisher=TEACH Services |location=Brushton, N.Y. |isbn=978-1-57258-185-2 |pages=163–165 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwaldens0000wyli/page/164/mode/2up?q=%22thirty-first%22 |access-date=May 6, 2023}} The February 15 deadline is ignored.
• February 15 – After the Valdesi in the Duchy of Savoy decline to obey the edict to convert to Catholicism, Duke Victor Amadeus dispatches a force of 9,000 French and Piedmontese soldiers to enforce the edict.
• February 22 – Sweden's Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for the Swedish Church Law 1686, after having debated it in three sessions on February 18, 19 and 20.A. F. Upton, Charles XI and Swedish Absolutism (Cambridge University Press, 1998) p. 110 The law confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state; all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism; the Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.{{cite book|last=Du Rietz|first=Anita|title=Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år|publisher=Dialogos|location=Stockholm|year=2013}}
• February 27 – Gabriel Milan, the controversial Governor of the Danish West Indies since 1684, is removed from office by order of King Frederick III and placed under arrest for treason. Three years later, after being found guilty in a trial after being brought back to Copenhagen, Milan is beheaded on March 26, 1689.{{cite journal |last1=Krarup |first1=Janus |title=Gabriel Milan og Somme af hans Samtid. II. (Sluttet) |journal=Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift |date=January 1, 1894 |volume=3 |issue=3 |page=47 |url=https://tidsskrift.dk/personalhistorisk_tidsskrift/article/view/78380/113504 |language=da |issn=2445-4958}}
• March 3 – A group of 107 French Canadian soldiers, under the command of Pierre de Troyes, begins the Hudson Bay expedition, departing from Montreal on an {{convert|800|mi|adj=on}} journey to take control of the properties of British North American settlers of the Hudson's Bay Company.Elle Andra-Warner, Hudson's Bay Company Adventures: Tales of Canada's Fur Traders (Heritage House, 2011) The group marches for 82 days and arrives at the first Hudson's Bay fort, at Moose Factory on June 19.{{cite book |last1=Kenyon |first1=Walter Andrew |title=The History of James Bay, 1610-1686: A Study in Historical Archaeology |date=1986 |publisher=Royal Ontario Museum |isbn=978-0-88854-316-5 |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tgRAQAAIAAJ&q=19%20june |access-date=May 7, 2023 |language=en}}

• April 9 – As the Valdesi rebellion continues, the Duke of Savoy issues a second edict, giving the Protestant Valdesi eight days to lay down their arms and allows safe passage into exile for those who agree.
• April 22 – In the wake of Savoy's newest repression of the Protestant Valdesi, a third war breaks out and Protestant pastor Henri Arnaud leads the resistance with 3,000 rebel soldiers against 8,500 Savoyard soldiers and mercenaries. The Valdesi are overwhelmed within one month.
• May 4 – The Municipality of Ilagan is founded in the Philippines.{{cite book |last1=Malumbres |first1=Julian |title=Historia de Nueva-Vizcaya y provincia montanõsa |date=1919 |publisher=Tipog. Litog. del Col. de Sto. Tomas |location=Manila |page=112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p9xYlDoKdrcC&q=4%20mayo%201686 |access-date=May 11, 2023 |language=es}}
• May 6 – The Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1686) is signed between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, recognizing the former's possession of Left-bank Ukraine and the city of Kiev, as agreed upon in the earlier Treaty of Andrusovo in 1667.{{cite book |last1=Bushkovitch |first1=Paul |title=Peter the Great: The Struggle for Power, 1671–1725 |date=September 27, 2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-43075-3 |page=148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZPajB4XyIwC&q=6%20may |access-date=May 11, 2023 |language=en}} The treaty also brings the Tsardom of Russia into the Great Turkish War, on the side of the Holy League of 1684.{{cite book |last1=Koziara |first1=Thomas P. |title=Historia Nostra: The Complete History of Poland: 1586 to Present |date=November 18, 2020 |publisher=Aurifera S.A. |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GaYJEAAAQBAJ&dq=6+may+1686+russia+holy+league&pg=PA24 |access-date=May 11, 2023 |volume = 6|language=en}}
• May 14 – Joseph Dudley formally begins his tenure, as President of the Council of the newly formed Dominion of New England.{{cite book |last1=Barry |first1=John Stetson |title=The History of Massachusetts |date=1855 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fhQZAAAAYAAJ&q=%22new%20england%22%20joseph%20dudley%20appointed%20president |access-date=May 11, 2023 |language=en}}
• May 25 – The third war against the Protestant Valdesi ends. Soon afterward, 2,000 of the Valdesi are massacred, 8,500 taken prisoner and about 3,000 surviving civilians forcibly resettled and converted to Catholicism.
• June 20 – French Canadian soldiers on the Hudson Bay expedition capture the first of the British Hudson's Bay Company outposts, with the surrender the unarmed inhabitants of the fortress at Moose Factory, Ontario.Pierre-François-Xavier de Charlevoix, History and General Description of New France (F. P. Harper, 2013) p. 970

• July 9 – The Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg) is founded, in response to claims made by Louis XIV of France on the Electorate of the Palatinate in western Germany. It comprises the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Electorate of the Palatinate."Augsburg, League of", in The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge (Encyclopedia Americana Corporation, 1918) p. 541Kenneth M. Setton, Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century (American Philosophical Society, 1991) p. 390
• July 17 – King James II of England appoints four Roman Catholics to the Privy Council of England,{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=196–197|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}} in defiance of the Test Acts, which bar Catholics from public office. Suspicions about James's intentions lead to a group of conspirators meeting at Charborough House in Dorset, to plan his overthrow and replacement with the Protestant Dutch Stadtholder, William III of Orange-Nassau (James's son-in-law).
• July 18 – An army of 3,000 Chinese troops demand Russian surrender of a Russian Empire fortress at Albazino on the Amur River. The fortress is manned by only 736 Russian soldiers and militia but is armed with cannons. Over the next several weeks, the Chinese troops are joined by another 3,000 men in supply boats, but the Russians hold off the attacks for the next five months. By December, only 24 Russians remain, and Albazino is ceded to China in 1689.
• July 22 – Albany, New York, is granted a city charter by the colonial governor.{{cite book |last1=Howell |first1=George Rogers |title=The Date of the Settlement of the Colony of New York |date=1897 |publisher=C. Van Benthuysen |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_lYAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22july+22+1686%22+New+york+citycharter&pg=PA16 |access-date=May 12, 2023 |language=en}}
• August 4 – Portuguese soldiers hired by the East India Company mutiny rather than follow orders to join the war in Bengal. The ringleaders are quickly arrested and executed, and the mutiny ends.
• August 15 – Christina, who had ruled as the monarch of Sweden until her abdication in 1654 in favor of her cousin Charles, responds to the revocation in France of the Edict of Nantz and declares that Jews within Sweden will be under her protection.
• August 16 – King James VII of Scotland dismisses the Parliament of Scotland after the members refuse to remove restrictions on Roman Catholics and on Protestants outside of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. The Parliament does not meet again for more than two and a half years.
• August 17 – Spanish troops attack and plunder the Scottish colony of Stuarts Town in the Province of Carolina (now Port Royal, South Carolina) and plunder the city.{{cite book |last1=Worth |first1=John E. |title=The Struggle for the Georgia Coast |date=February 4, 2007 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |isbn=978-0-8173-5411-4 |page=164 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5gWyZbNRaoC&q=august+17 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |language=en}} After three days, the Spaniards begin a march of over {{convert|75|mi}} toward the larger port city of Charles Town.
• September 2 – Great Turkish War: Battle of Buda – Imperial forces of the Holy League of 1684 (Russia, Saxony, Brandenburg and Bavaria under Austrian leadership) liberate Buda (now part of Budapest) from Ottoman Turkish rule (leading to the end of Ottoman rule in Hungary during subsequent years).{{cite book |last1=Almási |first1=Gábor |title=A Divided Hungary in Europe: Exchanges, Networks and Representations, 1541-1699; Volume 3 – The Making and Uses of the Image of Hungary and Transylvania |date=January 12, 2015 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-7307-9 |page=170 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__WmBgAAQBAJ&dq=%222+september+1686%22+buda&pg=PA170 |access-date=May 13, 2023 |language=en}}
• September 4 – A hurricane saves Charleston, South Carolina from attack by Spanish vessels.Vance A. Myers, Storm Tide Frequencies on the South Carolina Coast, NOAA Technical Report NWS-16 (National Weather Service Office of Hydrology, June 1975) p. 15
• September 30 – The Ottoman fortress of Sinj in Dalmatia falls to the army of the Republic of Venice.{{cite journal |last1=Nazor |first1=Ante |title=PoljiËani u Morejskom ratu (1684.-1699.) |journal=Povijesni prilozi |date=January 21, 2001 |volume=20 |issue=21 |page=51 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/45077 |access-date=May 13, 2023|language=croatian}}

• October 17 – As the Savoyard–Waldensian wars, draw to a close, the Duke of Savoy announces that the Protestant Valdisi defenders will be granted safe passage to Switzerland, and that children taken during the war will be allowed to return to their families.{{cite book |last1=Lovisa |first1=Barbro |title=Italienische Waldenser und das protestantische Deutschland 1655 bis 1989 |date=1994 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |isbn=978-3-525-56539-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgXx4AjICGAC&pg=PA30 |access-date=May 18, 2023 |language=de}} By January, a little more than 2,500 Valdisi take the offer.
• October 22 – In the Great Turkish War, the Siege of Pécs ends when the Ottoman-held city, located across the Danube River from the recent liberated Buda, surrenders{{cite book |last1=Kolta |first1=János |title=Baranya |date=1958 |publisher=Baranya Megyei Idegenforgalmi Hivatal |page=86 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QQ9AAAAIAAJ&q=%221686.%20okt%C3%B3ber%2022.%22,%20P%C3%A9cs |access-date=May 18, 2023 |language=hu}} to Austrian troops of the Holy League, continuing the Austrian assumption of control of Hungary.{{cite web |title=After the victory against Turkish |url=http://www.memo.fr/en/article.aspx?ID=REG_HON_PEC_MOD_002 |access-date=May 18, 2023 |date=September 28, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928021337/http://www.memo.fr/en/article.aspx?ID=REG_HON_PEC_MOD_002 | archive-date=September 28, 2011 }} Buda and Pécs are later combined to form the Hungarian city (and now capital) of Budapest.
• October 23 – Szeged, now the second largest city in Hungary, is liberated from Turkish Ottoman rule.{{cite book |last1=Török |first1=József |title=Szerzetes- és lovagrendek Magyarországon |date=1990 |publisher=Panoráma |isbn=978-963-243-723-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BEGNAAAAMAAJ&q=%221686.+okt%C3%B3ber+23.%22,+Szeged |access-date=May 18, 2023 |language=hu}}
• October 31 – Anglurah Agung, the virtual leader of the island of Bali as king of the paramount state of Gelgel, is killed in battle fighting Batu Lepang (who also dies in the fighting), ending the unification of the island (now part of Indonesia) and causing Bali to split into several principalities.
• November 26 – The Treaty of Whitehall, more formerly the Treaty of Neutrality for America, is signed at the Palace of Whitehall in Westminster between representatives of King Louis XIV of France and King James II of England, with both sides pledging that "though the two Countries might be at war in Europe their Colonies in America should continue in peace and Neutrality".Max Savelle, Origins of American Diplomacy: The International History of Angloamerica 1492—1763 (Macmillan, 1967), p. 108 The treaty is broken less than two years later when King William's War breaks out in what is now the U.S. state of Maine.
• November 30 – Melchor Portocarrero, 3rd Count of Monclova becomes the new Viceroy of New Spain (encompassing what is now Mexico and much of the southwestern United States) as he arrives in Mexico City to take over at the end of the term of Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquess of la Laguna.{{cite book |last1=Müller |first1=Johann Wilhelm Baron |title=Reisen in den Vereinigten Staaten, Canada und Mexico |date=1865 |publisher=F.A. Brockhaus |page=195 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dtc0AAAAIAAJ&q=Tom%C3%A1s%20de%20la%20Cerda |access-date=May 22, 2023 |language=de}}
• December 20 – Edmund Andros arrives in Boston to become the British Governor of the newly created Dominion of New England, which includes most of the what are now the U.S. states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Vermont and much of the eastern portion of New York.{{cite book |title=Transactions of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts |date=1907 |publisher=Massachusetts Colonial Society |page=158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N4_w-Y8vO3UC&dq=Edmund+Andros+%2220+december+1686%22&pg=RA2-PA158 |access-date=May 22, 2023 |language=en}} The unpopular Andros, who reigns as a dictator after being appointed by King James II, is driven out of office in 1689 after the overthrow of James, and the Dominion of New England is broken up into its constituent colonies.
• December 22 – Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, head of the House of Hohenzollern, enters into an alliance with the Holy Roman Empire.

• English historian and naturalist Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Staffordshire, a collection of illustrations and texts detailing the history of the county.{{cite web |title=Robert Plot |url=http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/learning/pdfs/plot.pdf |website=ox.ac.uk |access-date=May 22, 2023}} It is the first document known to mention crop circles{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=Andrew |title=The New Circlemakers: Insights into the Crop Circle Mystery |date=March 2009 |publisher=ARE Press |isbn=978-0-87604-549-7 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ATOgTRSu4fkC&dq=robert+plot+1686+%22crop+circle%22&pg=PR12 |access-date=May 22, 2023 |language=en}} and a double sunset.{{cite journal |last1=Kilburn |first1=Kevin J |title=Dr Plot and the amazing double sunset |journal=Astronomy & Geophysics |date=February 1999 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=120–122 |doi=10.1093/astrog/40.1.1.20 |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8111885 |access-date=May 22, 2023 |issn=1468-4004|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}
• The Café Procope, which remains in business in the 21st century, is opened in Paris by Procopio Cutò, as a coffeehouse.{{cite book |last1=Satin |first1=Morton |title=Coffee Talk: The Stimulating Story of the World's Most Popular Brew |date=October 31, 2011 |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=978-1-61592-732-6 |page=194 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0eJv4Wb-PDwC&dq=Caf%C3%A9+Procope+%221686%22&pg=PA194 |access-date=May 22, 2023 |language=en}}

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• January 8 – William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1703–1723) (d. 1723){{cite book |last1=Seidel |first1=Paul |title=Hohenzollern-Jahrbuch |date=1914 |publisher=Giesecke & Devrient |location=Leipzig |volume=18|page=88 |url=https://digital.zlb.de/viewer/image/14192918_1914/141/ |access-date=May 24, 2023 |language=de}}
• January 12 – Adam Christian Thebesius, German anatomist (d. 1732){{cite book |last1=Mettenleiter |first1=Andreas |title=Adam Christian Thebesius (1686-1732) und die Entdeckung der Vasa cordis minima: Biographie, Textedition, medizinhistorische Würdigung und Rezeptionsgeschichte |date=2001 |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |location=Stuttgart |isbn=978-3-515-07917-4 |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ktki8bn5QfgC&dq=Adam+Christian+Thebesius+%2212+januar+1686%22&pg=PA11 |access-date=May 24, 2023 |language=de}}
• January 17 – Archibald Bower, Scottish historian (d. 1766){{cite book |last1=Stephen |first1=Leslie |title=Dictionary of National Biography |date=1886 |publisher=Smith, Elder, & Co |volume=6|page=48 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.228193/page/n57/mode/2up |access-date=May 24, 2023}}
• January 23 – Moritz Georg Weidmann, German bookseller (d. 1743){{cite book |last1=Petzholdt |first1=Julius |title=Anzeiger für Bibliographie und Bibliothekwissenschaft |date=1865 |publisher=G. Schönfeld's Buchhandlung |page=337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1ZVAAAAcAAJ&dq=Moritz+Georg+Weidmann+%2223+januar+1686%22&pg=PA337 |access-date=May 24, 2023 |language=de}}
• January 31 – Hans Egede, Norwegian Lutheran missionary who launched mission efforts to Greenland (d. 1758){{cite book |last1=Bricka |first1=Carl Frederik |title=Dansk biografisk Lexikon |date=1890 |publisher=F. Hegel & Søn |location=Copenhagen |volume=4|page=423 |url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/4/0425.html |access-date=May 24, 2023 |language=da}}
• February 1 – Suzanne Henriette of Lorraine, French noblewoman, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat (d. 1710){{cite book |title=Journal de la Société d'archéologie lorraine et du Musée historique lorrain |date=1893 |publisher=Société d'archéologie lorraine et du Musée historique lorrain |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9owAQAAIAAJ&dq=Suzanne+Henriette+%221er+f%C3%A9vrier+1686%22&pg=PA70 |access-date=May 24, 2023 |language=fr}}
• February 2 – John Eames, English academic (d. 1744){{cite ODNB |last1=Gordon |first1=Alexander |title=Eames, John (1686–1744), Independent layman and tutor |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-8389 |year=2004 |access-date=May 24, 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8389}}
• February 10 – Jan Frederik Gronovius, Dutch botanist notable as a patron of Linnaeus (d. 1762)
• February 11 – William Bowles, British politician (d. 1748){{cite web |title=BOWLES, William (1686-1748) |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/member/bowles-william-1686-1748 |website=historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=May 27, 2023}}
• February 13 – John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford, British noble (d. 1703)
• February 14 – Harry Pulteney, British politician (d. 1767){{cite web |title=PULTENEY, Harry (1686-1767) |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1715-1754/member/pulteney-harry-1686-1767 |website=historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=May 27, 2023}}
• February 16 – Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim, German countess (d. 1753)
• March 17 – Jean-Baptiste Oudry, French painter (d. 1755){{cite book |last1=Opperman |first1=Hal N. |title=Jean-Baptiste Oudry, 1686 to 1755 |date=1977 |publisher=Garland Pub |isbn=978-0-8240-2718-6 |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cc7pAAAAMAAJ&q=17%20march |access-date=May 27, 2023 |language=en}}
• March 22 – James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn (d. 1744){{cite book |last1=Cokayne |first1=George E. |last2=Howard de Walden |first2=Thomas Evelyn Scott-Ellis |last3=Warrand |first3=Duncan |last4=Gibbs |first4=Vicary |last5=Doubleday |first5=H. Arthur |last6=White |first6=Geoffrey H. (Geoffrey Henllan) |title=The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom : extant, extinct, or dormant |date=1910 |publisher=The St. Catherine Press, ltd. |location=London |page=6 |url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerageo01coka/page/6/mode/2up?q=1686 |access-date=May 27, 2023}}
• March 27 – Johann Jakob Quandt, Lutheran theologian, translated the Bible into Lithuanian (d. 1772){{cite book |last1=McClintock |first1=John |title=Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature |date=1888 |publisher=Harper |page=835 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2xLphTtIPkC&dq=Johann+Jakob+Quandt+27+march+1686&pg=PA835 |access-date=May 27, 2023 |language=en}}
• April 1 – Jan Frans van Bredael, Flemish painter (d. 1750){{cite book |last1=Branden |first1=Franz Jozef Peter van den |title=Geschiedenis der Antwerpsche schilderschool |date=1883 |publisher=Buschmann |page=1034 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwdaAAAAYAAJ&dq=Jan+Frans+van+Bredael+%221+april+1686%22&pg=PA1034 |language=nl}}
• April 7 – François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, French nobleman (d. 1743){{cite book |last1=Pitois |first1=Christian |title=Mémorial de la noblesse: chronologie militaire de France depuis les premiers temps de la monarchie |date=1851 |publisher=Au Bureau des annales militaires |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IeWyPBlG_YgC&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Victor+Le+Tonnelier+de+Breteuil+17+avril+1686&pg=PA23 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |language=fr}}
• April 8 – Stefano Felice Ficatelli, Italian painter of the late Baroque period (d. 1771)
• April 9 – James Craggs the Younger, English politician (d. 1721){{cite book |last1=Stephen |first1=Leslie |last2=Lee |first2=Sidney |title=The Dictionary of National Biography |date=1922 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=1365|volume=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6hIJK-wgEhUC&dq=James+Craggs+%229+april+1686%22&pg=RA2-PA1373 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |language=en}}
• April 19 – Vasily Tatishchev, Russian statesman, ethnographer (d. 1750){{cite book |last1=Емельянов |first1=Борис |title=Русская философия. Словарь персоналий |date=May 15, 2022 |publisher=Litres |isbn=978-5-04-330166-6 |page=750 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-moeEAAAQBAJ&dq=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%CC%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%CC%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%CC%81%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2+%2219+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+1686%22&pg=PA750 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |language=ru}}
• April 28 – Michael Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1721)
• April 29 – Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (d. 1742){{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Bernard |title=A Genealogical History of the Dormant: Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire |date=1866 |publisher=Harrison and Sons |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3MaAAAAYAAJ&dq=Peregrine+Bertie+%2229+april+1686%22&pg=PA51 |access-date=May 28, 2023 |language=en}}
• May 19 – Samuel-Jacques Bernard, French billionaire (d. 1753){{cite book |last1=Sainte-Marie |first1=Anselme de |title=Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France |date=1733 |publisher=Compagnie des Libraires Associez |page=487 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8VP4npxABlEC&dq=Samuel-Jacques+Bernard+%2219+may+1686%22&pg=PA487 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=fr}}
• May 24 – Gabriel Fahrenheit, German physicist, inventor of the Fahrenheit temperature scale (d. 1736){{cite journal |last1=JANUSZAJTIS |first1=ANDRZEJ |title=FAMILY BACKGROUND, BIRTH AND BAPTISM OF DANIEL GABRIEL FAHRENHEIT |journal=TASK Quarterly |date=2003 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=467–472 |url=https://task.gda.pl/files/quart/TQ2003/03/TQ307Z-C.PDF |access-date=June 2, 2023}}
• May 25 – William Steuart (d. 1768){{cite book |last1=Hayton |first1=David |last2=Cruickshanks |first2=Eveline |title=The House of Commons, 1690-1715 |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=567 |isbn=978-0-521-77221-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5vNEFC_fZQC&dq=William+Steuart+%2225+may+1686%22&pg=PA567 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=en}}
• May 31 – Antonina Houbraken, Dutch artist (d. 1736){{cite web |title=Houbraken, Antonina |url=https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Houbraken |website=resources.huygens.knaw.nl |access-date=June 2, 2023|language=nl}}
• June 5
• Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk, British peer (d. 1777){{cite book |last1=Collen |first1=Henry |title=Debrett's Genealogical Peerage of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1847 |publisher=William Pickering |location=London |page=563 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m19HAQAAMAAJ&dq=Edward+Howard+%225+june+1686%22&pg=PA563 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=en}}
• Ignatius of Santhià, Italian Catholic priest (d. 1770){{cite book |last1=Dionisotti |first1=Carlo |title=Notizie biografiche dei Vercellesi illustri |date=1862 |publisher=Giuseppe Amosso |pages=17–18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMU5AAAAcAAJ&dq=Lorenzo+Maurizio+Belvisotti+%225+Giugno+1686%22&pg=PA17 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=it}}
• June 6 – John Reading, Colonial Governor of New Jersey (d. 1767){{cite book |last1=Reading |first1=Miller K. |title=William Bowne, of Yorkshire, England and His Descendants |date=1903 |publisher=H. E. Dents |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BTY3AAAAMAAJ&dq=John+Reading+%22june+6+1686%22&pg=PA13 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=en}}
• June 7
• Adolphus Frederick III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1752)
• Armand de La Richardie, French missionary (d. 1758){{cite book |last1=Herbermann |first1=Charles George |last2=Pace |first2=Edward A. |last3=Shahan |first3=Thomas J. |last4=Pallen |first4=Conde B. |last5=Wynne |first5=John J. |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia: Laprade-Mass |date=1910 |publisher=Appleton |location=New York |volume=9|page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sviU0hBI3k4C&dq=Armand+de+La+Richardie+%227+june+1686%22&pg=PA3 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=en}}
• June 9
• Andrei Osterman, Russian statesman (d. 1747){{cite book |last1=Половцова |first1=А. А. |title=Русский биографический словарь |date=1905 |publisher=Санкт-Петербургское Императорское Русское историческое общество |page=405 |url=https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01002921635?page=406&rotate=0&theme=white |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=ru}}
• Andrew Michael Ramsay, Scottish writer (d. 1743){{cite book |title=The Americana |date=1923 |publisher=The Encyclopedia Americana Corporation |page=205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJ5GAQAAIAAJ&dq=Andrew+Michael+Ramsay+%229+june+1686%22&pg=PA205 |volume=23|access-date=May 24, 2023 |language=en}}
• June 24 – Domenico Montagnana, Italian luthier (d. 1750)
• June 29 – Pietro Paolo Troisi, Maltese artist (d. 1743){{cite web |title=Pietro Paolo Troisi |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/40217/1/Pietro_Paolo_Troisi_%281686-1750%29_a_Maltese_Baroque_artist_2006.pdf |website=um.edu.mt |access-date=June 2, 2023}}
• July 3 – Edward Watson, Viscount Sondes, Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1722){{cite web |title=WATSON, Hon. Edward |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/watson-hon-edward-1686-1722 |website=historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=June 2, 2023}}
• July 5 – Jan Macaré, interim Dutch governor of Ceylon (d. 1742){{cite web |last1=MACARÉ |first1=A.C. |title=MACARÉ |url=https://www.hogenda.nl/wp-content/plugins/hogenda-search/download_attachment.php?id=980&type=genealogy&ei=hdCCUei4E8eXiQKL1IGIAw&usg=AFQjCNH6uIF736KH0xT9f7oCyZSCEZOFFQ |page=13|website=hogenda.nl |access-date=June 2, 2023|language=nl}}
• July 6 – Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (d. 1758){{cite book |last1=Herbermann |first1=Charles George |last2=Pace |first2=Edward A. |last3=Shahan |first3=Thomas J. |last4=Pallen |first4=Conde B. |last5=Wynne |first5=John J.|title=Catholic Encyclopedia |date=1910 |publisher=Appleton |location=New York |page=569 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I1g_AQAAMAAJ&dq=Antoine+de+Jussieu+%226+july+1686%22&pg=PA577-IA8 |volume=8|access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=en}}
• July 9 – Philip Livingston, American politician (d. 1749){{cite book |title=The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record |date=1879 |publisher=New York Genealogical and Biographical Society |page=98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2cf64qhtyngC&dq=Philip+Livingston+%22july+9+1686%22&pg=PA98 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=en}}
• July 24 – Benedetto Marcello, Italian composer (d. 1739){{cite web |title=MARCELLO, Benedetto Giacomo |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/benedetto-giacomo-marcello_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ |website=treccani.it |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=it-IT}}
• July 25 – William Hardres, British politician (d. 1736){{cite book |last1=Sedgwick |first1=Romney |title=The House of Commons, 1715-1754 |date=1970 |publisher=History of Parliament Trust |location=London |isbn=978-0-11-880098-3 |page=109 |url=https://archive.org/details/houseofcommons170000sedg/page/108/mode/2up?q=hardres |access-date=June 2, 2023}}
• July 27 – Mary Butterworth, American colonial counterfeiter (d. 1775){{cite book |title=The New England Historical and Genealogical Register |date=1874 |publisher=New England Historic Genealogical Society |page=114 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be8QAAAAIAAJ&dq=Mary+Butterworth+%2227+july+1686%22&pg=PA114 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=en}}
• July 31 – Charles, Duke of Berry, grandson of Louis XIV of France (d. 1714)
• August 3 – Gervais Baudoin, Canadian physician (d. 1752){{cite book |title=Dictionary of Canadian biography |date=1966 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto |volume=3|isbn=978-0-8020-3287-4 |page=35 |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcana0003unse/page/34/mode/2up?q=Gervais |access-date=June 2, 2023}}
• August 10 – Johann Georg Christian, Prince of Lobkowicz, Austrian field marshal (d. 1755){{cite book |title=Östreichische militärische Zeitschrift |date=1910 |publisher=Unton Strauss. |page=487 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=job95duCodAC&dq=Johann+Georg+Christian+von+Lobkowitz+%2210+august+1686%22&pg=PA487 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=de}}
• August 12
• John Balguy, English divine and philosopher (d. 1748){{cite web |last1=Pyle |first1=Andrew |last2=Grayling |first2=A.C. |last3=Goulder |first3=Naomi |title=John Balguy |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095443198;jsessionid=7380711D352EA85FCB0EA5ADFA1ACD26 |website=Oxford Reference |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=en }}
• Bendix Grodtschilling the Youngest, Danish painter (d. 1737){{cite book |last1=Bénézit |first1=Emmanuel |title=Benezit Dictionary of Artists |date=2006 |publisher=Éditions Gründ |location=Paris |page=707 |volume=6|url=https://archive.org/details/benezitdictionar06bene/page/706/mode/2up?q=Grodtschilling |access-date=June 2, 2023}}
• August 17 – Nicola Porpora, Neapolitan composer of Baroque operas and teacher of singing (d. 1768){{cite book |last1=Swain |first1=Joseph P. |title=Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music |date=May 8, 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-5162-4 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmO8EAAAQBAJ&dq=Nicola+Porpora+%2217+august+1686%22&pg=PA251 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=en}}
• August 18 – Peter von Bemmel, German artist (d. 1754)
• August 19 – Eustace Budgell, English writer and politician (d. 1737){{cite book |last1=Stephen |first1=Leslie |title=Dictionary of National Biography |date=1886 |publisher=Macmillan and Co. |location=New York |page=224 |volume=7|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati07stepuoft/page/224/mode/2up |access-date=June 2, 2023}}
• August 22 – Albert Schultens, Dutch philologist (d. 1750){{cite book |last1=Wor |first1=Adriaan |title=Maendelyke uittreksels, of de Boekzael der geleerde werrelt |date=1750 |volume=36 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WO9dAAAAcAAJ&dq=Albertus+Schultens+%2222+augustus+1686%22&pg=PA110 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=nl}}
• August 26 or August 27 – Agostino Cornacchini, Italian sculptor and painter of the Rococo period (d. 1754){{cite web |last1=Engass |first1=Robert |title=CORNACCHINI, Agostino |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/agostino-cornacchini_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |website=treccani.it |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=it-IT}}{{cite book |title=Bullettino storico pistoiese |date=1936 |publisher=Officina Tipografica Cooperativa |location=Pistoia |page=96 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-tMaPbrQLsC&q=Agostino+Cornacchini+%2227+agosto+1686%22 |access-date=June 2, 2023 |language=it}}
• August 29 – Aloysius Centurione, Italian Jesuit (d. 1757){{cite book |last1=Romeiras |first1=Francisco Malta |title=Jesuits and the Book of Nature: Science and Education in Modern Portugal |date=September 16, 2019 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-38236-7 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lEOxDwAAQBAJ&q=Luigi%20Centurione%20%22august%2029%201686%22 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |language=en}}
• September 5 – Antoine Touron, French historian (d. 1775)
• September 29 – Cosmas Damian Asam, German painter and architect during the late Baroque period (d. 1739){{cite book |last1=Chilvers |first1=Ian |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-953294-0 |page=29 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P906UFXIoMUC&dq=Cosmas+Damian+Asam+29+september+1686&pg=PA29 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |language=en}}
• September 30 – John Alexander (d. 1743)
• October 15 – Allan Ramsay, Scottish poet (or makar) (d. 1758){{cite book |last1=Scouten |first1=Arthur Hawley |title=St. James Reference Guide to English Literature: The Restoration and 18th century |date=1985 |publisher=St. James Press |isbn=978-0-912289-20-5 |page=146 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtM5AAAAMAAJ&q=Allan+Ramsay+%2215+october+1686%22 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |language=en}}
• October 17 – Jacques Hardion, French historian (d. 1766){{cite book |title=Le Nécrologe des hommes célèbres de France: par une société de gens de lettres |date=1764 |publisher=l'imprimerie de Moreau |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpsdkFVXeAMC&dq=Jacques+Hardion+%2217+octobre+1686%22&pg=RA3-PA85 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |language=fr}}
• October 17 (bapt.) ? – John Machin, English mathematician (d. 1751)
• October 19 – Peter van der Bosch, Jesuit hagiographer (d. 1736){{cite book |last1=Herbermann |first1=Charles George |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia |date=1913 |publisher=Encyclopedia Press |location=New York |volume=2|page=689 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwIjAQAAIAAJ&dq=Peter+van+der+Bosch+%2219+october+1686%22&pg=PA689 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |language=en}}
• October 30 – Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau, French politician (d. 1732){{cite book |last1=Ferdinand Hoefer |first1=Jean Chrétien |title=Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps |date=1861 |volume=36|publisher=Firmin Didot frères, fils et cie |page=699 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xe3n-Rqoa7EC&dq=Charles+Jean-Baptiste+Fleuriau+%2230+octobre+1686%22&pg=RA1-PA699 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |language=fr}}
• October 31 – Senesino, Italian singer (d. 1758){{cite book |last1=Vickers |first1=David |title=Handel |chapter=The unpublished Senesino|date=July 5, 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-56425-0 |page=17 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTQrDwAAQBAJ&dq=Senesino+%2231+october+1686%22&pg=PA305 |access-date=June 3, 2023 |language=en}}
• November 1
• Colin Campbell, Scottish businessman (d. 1757){{cite web |title=Colin Campbell |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=16347 |website=sok.riksarkivet.se |access-date=June 3, 2023}}
• Axel Löwen, Swedish duke (d. 1773){{cite book |last1=Leche |first1=V. |last2=Nyström |first2=J.F. |last3=Warburg |first3=K. |last4=Westrin |first4=Th. |volume=17|title=Nordisk familjebok |date=1912 |page=309 |url=https://runeberg.org/nfbq/0173.html |access-date=June 3, 2023 |language=sv}}
• November 13 – Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga, Tuscan princess (d. 1741){{cite web |title=GONZAGA, Eleonora |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/eleonora-gonzaga_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |website=treccani.it |access-date=June 4, 2023 |language=it-IT}}
• November 15 – Claude Louis d'Espinchal, marquis de Massiac, French politician (d. 1770)
• November 16 – Yinxiang, Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1730){{cite book |last1=Hummel Sr. |first1=Arthur W. |title=Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period: 1644-1911/2 |date=January 1, 2018 |publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-61472-849-8 |page=784 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ge9DwAAQBAJ&dq=Prince+Yi+15+november+1686&pg=PA784 |access-date=June 4, 2023 |language=en}}
• November 23 – Ignácio Barbosa-Machado, Portuguese historian (d. 1734){{cite book |last1=Machado |first1=Diogo Barbosa |title=Bibliotheca lusitana historica, critica, e cronologica|date=1747 |publisher=Na officina de Antonio Isidoro da Fonseca |page=532 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5Stvndkp7wC&dq=Ign%C3%A1cio+Barbosa-Machado+23+novembro+1686&pg=PA532 |access-date=June 4, 2023 |language=pt-BR}}
• November 30 – Richard Lumley, 2nd Earl of Scarbrough (d. 1740){{cite web |title=LUMLEY, Hon. Richard |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/lumley-hon-richard-1686-1740 |website=historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=June 4, 2023}}
• December 8 – John Dawnay, British politician (d. 1740){{cite web |title=DAWNAY, Hon. John |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/dawnay-hon-john-1686-1740 |website=historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=June 4, 2023}}
• December 15 – Jean-Joseph Fiocco, Flemish composer (d. 1746){{cite book |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and musicians |date=2001 |publisher=Grove |location=New York |isbn=978-1-56159-239-5 |page=879 |url=https://archive.org/details/newgrovedictiona0008unse/page/878/mode/2up?q=%22fiocco%22 |access-date=June 4, 2023}}
• December 25 – Giovanni Battista Somis, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1763){{cite book |last1=Hirshberg |first1=Jehoash |title=Ten Italian violin concertos from Fonds Blancheton |date=1984 |publisher=A-R Editions |location=Madison |isbn=978-0-89579-171-9 |page=10 |url=https://archive.org/details/tenitalianviolin0000unse_z1u5/page/n11/mode/2up?q=1686 |access-date=June 4, 2023}}
• date unknown –
• William Law, English cleric (d. 1761){{cite book |last1=Chisholm |first1=Hugh |title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica |date=1911 |volume=16|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |location=New York |page=299 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri16chisrich/page/298/mode/2up |access-date=June 4, 2023}}
• Netawatwees, Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. 1776){{cite web |title=Newcomer |url=https://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=286 |website=ohiohistorycentral.org |access-date=June 4, 2023 |date=June 23, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623043533/https://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=286 |archive-date=June 23, 2006 |url-status=live }}
• approximate date – Queen Nanny of the Maroons, Jamaican national heroine (d. 1755)

File:Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres MG 0483.tif]]

File:Anselmus-van-Hulle-Hommes-illustres MG 0539.tif]]

File:Eleonora Gonzaga by Frans Luyckx.jpg]]

• January 10 – Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo, Peruvian nun (b. 1602){{cite web |title=Bl. Ann of the Angels Monteagudo |url=https://www.dominicannuns.org/dominican-saints/bl-ann-of-the-angels-monteagudo |website=Monastery of Our Lady of Grace |access-date=June 5, 2023 |date=January 10, 2023}}
• January 17 – Carlo Dolci, Italian painter (b. 1616){{cite book |last1=Boni |first1=Filippo de |title=Biografia degli artisti |date=1840 |publisher=Tipi del Gondoliere |page=296 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z74TAAAAQAAJ&dq=Carlino+Dolci++%2217+gennaio+1686%22&pg=PA296 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=it}}
• January 19 – Simon Digby, 4th Baron Digby, English politician (b. 1657){{cite web |title=DIGBY, Simon, 4th Baron Digby of Geashill |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/digby-simon-1657-86 |website=historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=June 5, 2023}}
• January 21 – François Blondel, French architect (b. 1618){{cite book |title=Bulletin de géographie historique et descriptive: vol. 1-27 |date=1895 |publisher=Imprimerie Nationale |location=Paris |page=134 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQxRAQAAMAAJ&dq=Fran%C3%A7ois+Blondel+%2221+janvier+1686%22&pg=PA134 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=fr}}
• January 22 – Duchess Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg (b. 1656){{cite book |last1=Heydenreich |first1=Gustav Heinrich |title=Kirchen & schul-chronik der stadt & Ephorie Weissenfels seit 1539 |date=1840 |publisher=Kell |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzJEAQAAMAAJ&dq=Johanna+Magdalena+von+Sachsen-Altenburg+%2222+januar+1686%22&pg=PA152 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=de}}
• January 31 – Jean Mairet, French dramatist (b. 1604){{cite book |last1=Lotheissen |first1=Ferdinand |title=Geschichte der französischen Literatur im XVII. Jahrhundert |date=1877 |publisher=Gerold's Sohn |page=335 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=368-AAAAYAAJ&dq=Jean+Mairet+%2231+januar+1686%22&pg=PA335 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=de}}
• February 6 (dubious) – Dorothy White, English Quaker and writer (b. 1630){{cite ODNB |title=White, Dorothy (d. 1686?) |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-45832 |year=2004 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/45832}}
• February 10 – William Dugdale, English antiquarian (b. 1605){{cite book |last1=Museum |first1=Ashmolean |title=Tradescant's Rarities: Essays on the Foundation of the Ashmolean Museum, 1683, with a Catalogue of the Surviving Early Collections |date=1983 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-813405-3 |page=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lPYSAQAAMAAJ&q=William+Dugdale+%2210+february+1686%22 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=en}}
• February 21 – Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1603){{cite book |last1=Winkler |first1=A. |last2=Mittelsdorf |first2=J. |title=Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Hanau |date=1897 |publisher=G.M. Alberti |page=109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=41lIAAAAYAAJ&dq=Sibylle+Christine+von+Anhalt-Dessau+%2221.+Februar+1686%22&pg=PA109 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=de}}
• March 17 – Elisabeth Marie, Duchess of Oels, Regent of Oels (b. 1625)
• March 22 – John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. 1654){{cite book |last1=Behr |first1=Kamill |title=Genealogie der in Europa |date=1870 |publisher=Tauchnitz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kW5WAAAAcAAJ&dq=Johann+Friedrich+von+Brandenburg-Ansbach+18+oktober+1686&pg=PA146 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=de}}{{rp|146}}
• March 26 – Charlotte, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel, German noble (b. 1627)
• April 6 – Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, English royalist statesman (b. 1614){{cite book |last1=Selby |first1=Walford Dakin |title=The Genealogist |date=1884 |publisher=George Bell & Sons |page=84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5xIAQAAMAAJ&dq=Arthur+Annesley+%226+april+1686%22&pg=RA2-PA84 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=en}}
• April 19 – Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Spanish writer (b. 1610){{cite book |last1=De Guzman |first1=Juan Perez |title=Colección de escritores castellanos |date=1891 |publisher=Perez Dubrull |location=Madird |page=433 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sRvqVy2HEj0C&dq=Antonio+de+Sol%C3%ADs+y+Ribadeneyra+18+de+julio+de+1686&pg=PA433 |language=es}}
• April 23 – Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth of England (b. 1660){{cite book |last1=Stephen |first1=Leslie |title=Dictionary of National Biography |date=1899 |volume=60|publisher=Macmillan |page=257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ToJAAAAIAAJ&dq=Henrietta+Wentworth+%2223+april+1686%22&pg=PA257 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=en}}
• April 26 – Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, Swedish statesman and military man (b. 1622){{cite book |last1=Cronholm |first1=Abraham Peter |title=Supplement till biographiskt Lexicon öfver namnkunnige svenske män |date=1836 |publisher=Berling |location=Lund |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sqk5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=sv}}
• May 11 – Otto von Guericke, German physicist and inventor of the Magdeburg Hemispheres (b. 1602){{cite journal |last1=Jahrreiss |first1=Heribert |title=Otto von Guericke (1602–1686) in memoriam |journal=Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films |date=1987 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=2466–2471 |doi=10.1116/1.574874 |bibcode=1987JVSTA...5.2466J |url=https://pubs.aip.org/avs/jva/article-abstract/5/4/2466/782274/Otto-von-Guericke-1602-1686-in-memoriamOtto-von?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=June 6, 2023|url-access=subscription }}
• May 29 – Ove Juul, Governor-General of Norway (b. 1615){{cite book |last1=Bricka |first1=Carl Frederik |title=Dansk biografisk lexikon: tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814 |date=1894 |publisher=Gyldendal |page=640 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcZAAAAAYAAJ&dq=Ove+Juul+%2229.+maj+1686%22&pg=PA640 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=da}}
• May 31 – Nicholas Barré, French Minim friar, priest and founder (b. 1621){{cite journal |last1=Poutet |first1=Yves |title=L'influence du Père Barré dans la fondation des Sœurs du Saint-Enfant-Jésus de Reims |journal=Revue d'histoire de l'Église de France |date=1960 |volume=46 |issue=143 |pages=18–53 |doi=10.3406/rhef.1960.3251 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhef_0300-9505_1960_num_46_143_3251 |access-date=June 6, 2023}}
• June 23 – William Coventry, English statesman (b. c.1628){{cite book |last1=Catton |first1=Charles |title=The English Peerage; Or, a View of the Ancient and Present State of the English Nobility (etc.) |date=1790 |publisher=Spilsbury |page=260 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FxVnAAAAcAAJ&dq=William+Coventry+%2223+june+1686%22&pg=PA260 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=en}}
• July 10 – John Fell, English churchman (b. 1625){{cite book |last1=Feingold |first1=Mordechai |title=History of Universities: Volume XVIII/1 2003 |date=January 23, 2003 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-926202-1 |page=88 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hwORpTSljacC&dq=John+Fell+%2210+july+1686%22&pg=PA88 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=en}}
• July 16 – John Pearson, English theologian (b. 1612){{cite book |title=The Americana: A Universal Reference Library |date=1923 |publisher=The Encyclopedia Americana Company |volume=21|page=458 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LbpGAQAAIAAJ&dq=John+Pearson+%2216+july+1686%22&pg=PA458 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=en}}
• August 3 – Anna Margaret of Hesse-Homburg, Duchess consort of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (b. 1629){{rp|73}}
• August 13 – Louis Maimbourg, French-born historian (b. 1610){{cite book |last1=Dupin |first1=Louis Ellies |title=Nouvelle bibliotheque des auteurs ecclesiastiques, contenant l'histoire de leur vie, le catalogue, la critique, et la chronologie de leurs ouvrages: Le sommaire de ce qu'ils contiennent, un jugement sur leur style, et sur leur doctrine; et le denombrement des differentes editions de leurs oeuvres |date=1711 |publisher=Pierre Humbert |location=Amsterdam |page=238 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hxZcAAAAcAAJ&q=13+ao%C3%BBt+1686 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=fr}}
• September 19 – John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (b. 1634){{cite book |last1=Dahlhoff |first1=Matth |title=Geschichte der Grafschaft Sayn und der Bestandtheile derselben der Grafschaften Sayn |date=1874 |publisher=E. Weidendenbach |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SGfKUGj5DcUC&dq=Johann+Georg+I+%2219+september+1686%22&pg=PA33 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=de}}
• October 26 – John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (b. 1623){{cite ODNB |title=Egerton, John, second earl of Bridgewater |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-8588 |year=2004 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8588}}
• November 1 – William Duckett, English politician (b. 1624){{cite web |title=DUCKETT, William |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/duckett-william-1624-86 |website=historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=June 6, 2023}}
• November 25 – Nicolas Steno, Danish pioneer in anatomy and geology, bishop (b. 1638){{cite book |last1=Herbermann |first1=Charles George |last2=Pace |first2=Edward A. |last3=Pallen |first3=Conde B. |last4=Shahan |first4=Thomas J. |last5=Wynne |first5=John J. |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia, Knights of Columbus Special Edition |date=1913 |publisher=The Encyclopedia Press, Inc. |location=New York |page=286 |url=https://archive.org/details/V14CatholicEncyclopediaKOfC/page/285/mode/2up?q=steno |access-date=June 6, 2023}}
• November 28 – Nicolas Letourneux, French preacher, ascetical writer (b. 1640){{cite book |last1=Vacant |first1=A. |last2=Mangenot |first2=E. |last3=Amann |first3=E. |title=Dictionnaire de théologie catholique |date=1926 |publisher=Letouzey et Ané |location=Paris |page=458 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5yaJPw-_4a4C&dq=Nicolas+Letourneux+%2228+novembre+1686%22&pg=PA457 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=fr}}
• December 6 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Queen consort of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1630){{cite web |title=ELEONORA Gonzaga Nevers |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/eleonora-gonzaga-nevers-imperatrice_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ |website=treccani.it |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=it-IT}}
• December 11 – Louis, Grand Condé, French general (b. 1621){{cite web |title=Louis II de Bourbon, 4e prince de Condé {{!}} French general and prince |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-II-de-Bourbon-4e-prince-de-Conde |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=March 20, 2021 |language=en}}
• December 12 – Charles de Noyelle, French Jesuit Superior General (b. 1615){{cite book |last1=Brucker |first1=Joseph |title=La compagnie de Jésus: esquisse de son histoire (1521-1773) |date=1919 |publisher=G. Beauchesne |page=529 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFswAQAAMAAJ&dq=Charles+de+Noyelle+%2212+d%C3%A9cembre+1686%22&pg=PA528 |access-date=June 6, 2023 |language=fr}}
• December 24 – Philip Packer, British barrister and architect (b. 1618)
• date unknown but before May 8 – Joseph Bridger, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1631){{cite book |last1=Chapman |first1=Blanche Adams |title=Wills and Administrations of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, 1647-1800, Books 1-3 |date=May 2009 |publisher=Heritage Books |isbn=978-1-58549-273-2 |page=25 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nPqggJYvy3oC&q=nicholas%20cobb |access-date=June 5, 2023 |language=en}}

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