Close central rounded vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ʉ

|ipa number=318

|decimal=649

|x-sampa=}

|kirshenbaum=u"

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0289.svg

|imagesize=150px

|braille=356

|braille2=u

}}

File:Spectrogram of close central rounded vowel (IPA ʉ).png

The close central rounded vowel, or high central rounded vowel,{{Vowel terminology}} is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ʉ}}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is }. The sound is also commonly referred to by the name of its symbol, "barred u".

The close central rounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare labialized post-palatal approximant {{IPA|[ẅ]}}.Instead of "post-palatal", it can be called "retracted palatal", "backed palatal", "palato-velar", "pre-velar", "advanced velar", "fronted velar" or "front-velar".

In most languages this rounded vowel is pronounced with protruded lips (endolabial). However, in a few cases the lips are compressed (exolabial).

Some languages feature the near-close central rounded vowel ({{audio|Near-close central rounded vowel2.ogg|listen}}), which is slightly lower. It is most often transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ʉ̞}}, {{angbr IPA|ʊ̈}} and {{angbr IPA|ʊ̟}}, but {{angbr IPA|ɵ̝}} is also a possible transcription. The symbol {{angbr IPA|ᵿ}}, a conflation of {{angbr IPA|ʊ}} and {{angbr IPA|ʉ}}, is used as an unofficial extension of the IPA to represent this sound by a number of publications, such as Accents of English by John C. Wells. In the third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, {{angbr IPA|ᵿ}} represents free variation between {{IPA|/ʊ/}} and {{IPA|/ə/}}.

Close central protruded vowel

The close central protruded vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as {{angbr IPA|ʉ}}, and that is the convention used in this article. As there is no dedicated diacritic for protrusion in the IPA, symbol for the close central rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, {{angbr IPA| ̫}}, can be used as an ad hoc symbol {{angbr IPA|ʉ̫}} for the close central protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is {{angbr IPA|ʉʷ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɨʷ}} (a close central vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.

=Features=

=Occurrence=

Because central rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression.

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Angami	Khonoma{{sfnp\|Blankenship\|Ladefoged\|Bhaskararao\|Chase\|1993\|p=129}}	{{lang\|njm\|su}}	{{IPA\|[sʉ˦]}}	'deep'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} after {{IPA\|/s/}}.{{sfnp\|Blankenship\|Ladefoged\|Bhaskararao\|Chase\|1993\|p=129}}
Armenian	Some Eastern dialects{{sfnp\|Dum-Tragut\|2009\|p=14}}	{{lang\|hy\|յուղ}}/yowġ	{{IPA\|[jʉʁ]}}	'oil'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} after {{IPA\|/j/}}.
Berber	Ayt Seghrouchen{{sfnp\|Abdel-Massih\|1971\|p=20}}	ⵍⵍⴰⵢⴳⴳⵓⵔ/llayggur	{{IPA\|[lːæjˈɡːʉɾ]}}	'he goes'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} after velar consonants.
rowspan="2" \| Dutch	Standard Northern{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}}	{{lang\|nl\|nu}}	{{IPA\|[nʉ]}}	'now'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}; also described as close front {{IPAblink\|y}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|2007\|p=30}} and near-close front {{IPAblink\|y˕}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=132}} See Dutch phonology
Randstad{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=128, 131}}. The source describes the Standard Dutch vowel as front-central {{IPAblink\|ø\|ɵ̟}}, but more sources (e.g. {{Harvcoltxt\|van Heuven\|Genet\|2002}} and {{Harvcoltxt\|Verhoeven\|2005}}) describe it as central {{IPAblink\|ɵ}}. As far as the raised varieties of this vowel are concerned, Collins and Mees do not describe their exact backness.	{{lang\|nl\|hut}}	{{IPA\|[ɦɵ̝t]}}	'hut'	Found in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague. Lower {{IPAblink\|ɵ}} in Standard Dutch. See Dutch phonology
rowspan="12" \| English	Australian{{sfnp\|Harrington\|Cox\|Evans\|1997}}	rowspan="6" \| {{lang\|en\|goose}}	rowspan="5" \| {{IPA\|[ɡʉːs]}}	rowspan="6" \| 'goose'	See Australian English phonology
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|p=582}}	See New Zealand English phonology
Modern Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=133}}	Realized as back {{IPAblink\|uː}} in the conservative variety.{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=133}}
Scouse{{citation\|last=Watson\|first=Kevin\|year=2007\|title=Liverpool English\|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association\|volume=37\|issue=3\|pages=351–360\|url=http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4011/1/download2.pdf?origin=publication_detail\|doi=10.1017/s0025100307003180\|s2cid=232345844\|doi-access=free}}	May (less commonly) be fully front {{IPAblink\|yː}} instead.
South African{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=116}}	Realized as back {{IPAblink\|uː}} in the conservative variety and in many Black and Indian varieties.{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=116}} See South African English phonology
General American{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|pp=476, 487}}	{{IPA\|[ɡʉs]}}	Can be back {{IPAblink\|u}} instead.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|pp=476, 487}}
Estuary{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|pp=188, 191–192}}	{{lang\|en\|foot}}	{{IPA\|[fʉ̞ʔt]}}	'foot'	The exact height, backness and roundedness is variable.{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|pp=188, 191–192}}
Cockney{{sfnp\|Mott\|2011\|p=75}}	rowspan="4" \| good	rowspan="4" \| {{IPA\|[ɡʊ̈d]}}	rowspan="4" \| 'good'	Only in some words, particularly good, otherwise realized as near-back {{IPAblink\|ʊ}}.{{sfnp\|Mott\|2011\|p=75}}
Rural white Southern American{{sfnp\|Thomas\|2004\|pp=303, 308}}	Can be front {{IPAblink\|ʏ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Thomas\|2004\|pp=303, 308}}
Southeastern English{{sfnp\|Lodge\|2009\|p=174}}	May be unrounded {{IPAblink\|ɪ̈}} instead;{{sfnp\|Lodge\|2009\|p=174}} it corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ʊ}} in other dialects. See English phonology
Ulster{{cite web\|last=Jilka\|first=Matthias\|title=Irish English and Ulster English\|place=Stuttgart\|publisher=Institut für Linguistik/Anglistik, University of Stuttgart\|page=6\|url=http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421050911/http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf\|archive-date=21 April 2014}}	Short allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}}.
Shetland{{sfnp\|Melchers\|2004\|p=42}}	strut	{{IPA\|[stɹʊ̈t]}}	'strut' \|Can be {{IPAblink\|ɔ\|ɔ̟}} or {{IPAblink\|ʌ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Melchers\|2004\|p=42}}
German	Upper Saxon{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=236}}	{{lang\|de\|Buden}}	{{IPA\|[ˈb̥ʉːd̥n̩]}}	'booths'	The example word is from the Chemnitz dialect.
colspan="2" \| Hausa{{sfnp\|Schuh\|Yalwa\|1999\|p=90}}	{{example needed\|date=January 2016}}			Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}}.{{sfnp\|Schuh\|Yalwa\|1999\|p=90}}
rowspan="2" \| Ibibio	Dialect of the Uruan area and Uyo{{sfnp\|Urua\|2004\|p=106}}	fuuk	{{IPA\|[fʉ́ʉk]}}	'cover many things/times'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} between consonants.{{sfnp\|Urua\|2004\|p=106}}
Some dialects{{sfnp\|Urua\|2004\|p=106}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{example needed\|date=November 2015}}		Phonemic; contrasts with {{IPA\|/u/}}.{{sfnp\|Urua\|2004\|p=106}}
rowspan="2" \| Irish	Munster{{sfnp\|Ó Sé\|2000\|p=?}}	ciúin	{{IPA\|[cʉːnʲ]}}	'quiet'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} between slender consonants.{{sfnp\|Ó Sé\|2000\|p=?}} See Irish phonology
Ulster{{sfnp\|Ní Chasaide\|1999\|p=114}}	úllaí	{{IPA\|[ˈʉ̜l̪ˠi]}}	'apples'	Often only weakly rounded;{{sfnp\|Ní Chasaide\|1999\|p=114}} may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|u}}.
colspan="2" \| Irula{{sfnp\|Krishnamurti\|2003\|p=50}}		{{IPA\|[mʉːj]}}	"to surround"	Has other centralized vowels.
Kurdish	Southern{{sfnp\|Fattah\|2000\|pp=110-122}}	müçig	{{IPA\|[mʉːˈt͡ʃɯɡ]}}	'dust'	See Kurdish phonology
Limburgish	Some dialects{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2007\|pp=221, 223}}	{{lang\|li\|bruudsje}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbʀ̝ʉtʃə]}}	'breadroll'	Close {{IPA\|[ʉ]}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}} or near-close {{IPA\|[ʉ̞]}},{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2007\|pp=221, 223}} depending on the dialect. Close front {{IPAblink\|y}} in other dialects.{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}. The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect, in which the vowel is close.
colspan="2" \| Lüsu{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|p=75}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[lʉ˥zʉ˥˧]}}	'Lüsu'
colspan="2" \| Russian{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|pp=38, 67–68}}	{{lang\|ru\|кюрий}}/kyuriy/kjurij	{{IPA\|[ˈkʲʉrʲɪj]}}	'curium'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} between palatalized consonants. Near-close when unstressed.{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|pp=38, 67–68}} See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Scots{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|p=54}}	{{lang\|sco\|buit}}	{{IPA\|[bʉt]}}	'boot'	May be more front {{IPAblink\|ʏ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|p=54}}
rowspan="2" \| Scottish Gaelic	older Lewis speakers{{sfnp\|Nance\|2013}}	rowspan="2" \| co-dhiù	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[kʰɔˈjʉː]}}	rowspan=2" \| 'anyway'	Normal allophone of {{IPAblink\|uː}}. Fronted as {{IPAblink\|yː}} among younger speakers.
\| Wester Ross and Lochalsh{{Cite web\|title=Aspiration\|url=https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-04-23\|website=Scottish Gaelic Dialect Survey\|language=en\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424000221/https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9 \|archive-date=2021-04-24 }}	Normal allophone of {{IPAblink\|uː}}.
rowspan="2" \| Swedish	Bohuslän{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=21}}	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|sv\|yla}}	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[²ʉᶻːlä]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'howl'	rowspan="2" \| A fricated vowel that corresponds to {{IPAblink\|y̫ː}} in Central Standard Swedish.{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=21}} See Swedish phonology
Närke{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=21}}
colspan="2" \| Tamil{{sfnp\|Keane\|2004\|p=114}}	{{lang\|ta\|வால்}}	{{IPA\|[väːlʉ]}}	'tail'	Epenthetic vowel inserted in colloquial speech after word-final liquids; can be unrounded {{IPAblink\|ɨ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Keane\|2004\|p=114}} See Tamil phonology

Close central compressed vowel

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Close central compressed vowel

|ipa symbol = ÿ

|ipa symbol2 = ɨ͡β̞

|ipa symbol3 = ɨᵝ

|showbelow = no

}}

As there is no official diacritic for compression in the IPA, the centering diacritic is used with the front rounded vowel {{IPA|[y]}}, which is normally compressed. Other possible transcriptions are {{angbr IPA|ɨ͡β̞}} (simultaneous {{IPA|[ɨ]}} and labial compression) and {{angbr IPA|ɨᵝ}} ({{IPA|[ɨ]}} modified with labial compressione.g. in Flemming (2002) Auditory representations in phonology, p. 83.).

=Features=

=Occurrence=

This vowel is typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ʉ}}. It occurs in some dialects of Swedish, but see also close front compressed vowel. The close back vowels of Norwegian and Swedish are also compressed. See close back compressed vowel. It also occurs in Japanese as an allophone. Medumba has a compressed central vowel {{IPA|[ɨᵝ]}} where the corners of the mouth are not drawn together.{{cite journal |last1=Olson |first1=Kenneth |last2=Meynadier |first2=Yohann |title=ON MEDUMBA BILABIAL TRILLS AND VOWELS |journal=18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences |date=2015 |pages=USBkey#0522 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01211220 |access-date=20 November 2021}}

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
rowspan="2" \| Japanese	Some younger speakers{{sfnp\|Okada\|1999\|p=118}}	{{lang\|ja\|空気}} / {{transliteration\|ja\|kūki}}	{{IPA\|[kÿːki]}}	'air'	Near-back {{IPAblink\|u\|u̟}} for other speakers.{{sfnp\|Okada\|1999\|p=118}}
Standard Tokyo pronunciation	{{Lang\|ja\|寿司}} / {{transliteration\|ja\|sushi}}	{{IPA\|[sÿɕi]}}	'sushi'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} after {{IPA\|/s, z, t/}} and palatalized consonants.{{Cite book\|last=Labrune\|first=Laurence\|title=The Phonology of Japanese\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2012\|isbn=978-0-19-954583-4\|location=Oxford, England\|pages=25}} See Japanese phonology
Norwegian \|Urban East{{sfnp\|Strandskogen\|1979\|pp=15, 21}}{{sfnp\|Popperwell\|2010\|pp=16, 29}} \|{{lang\|no\|hus}} \|{{IPA\|[hÿːs]}} \|'house' \|Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ʉː}}. Also described as front {{IPAblink\|yː}}.{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 18}} See Norwegian phonology
Swedish	Some dialects	{{lang\|sv\|ful}}	{{IPA\|[fÿːl]}}	'ugly'	More front {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|yː}} ~ {{IPAplink\|ʏː}}]}} in Central Standard Swedish; typically transcribed in IPA as {{angbr IPA\|ʉː}}. See Swedish phonology

Notes

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|editor5-first=Clive

|year=2004

|title=A handbook of varieties of English

|volume=1: Phonology

|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter

|isbn=3-11-017532-0

}}

{{citation

|last1=Schuh

|first1=Russell G.

|last2=Yalwa

|first2=Lawan D.

|year=1999

|chapter=Hausa

|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association

|pages=90–95

|publisher=Cambridge University Press

|isbn=0-521-63751-1

}}

{{citation

|last=Strandskogen

|first=Åse-Berit

|title=Norsk fonetikk for utlendinger

|year=1979

|publisher=Gyldendal

|place=Oslo

|isbn=82-05-10107-8

}}

{{citation

|last=Thomas

|first=Erik R.

|editor-last=Schneider

|editor-first=Edgar W.

|editor2-last=Burridge

|editor2-first=Kate

|editor3-last=Kortmann

|editor3-first=Bernd

|editor4-last=Mesthrie

|editor4-first=Rajend

|editor5-last=Upton

|editor5-first=Clive

|year=2004

|title=A handbook of varieties of English

|chapter=Rural Southern white accents

|volume=1: Phonology

|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter

|pages=300–324

|isbn=3-11-017532-0

}}

{{citation

|last=Urua

|first=Eno-Abasi E.

|year=2004

|title=Ibibio

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=34

|issue=1

|pages=105–109

|doi=10.1017/S0025100304001550

|doi-access=free

}}

{{cite conference

|last1=van Heuven

|first1=Vincent J.

|last2=Genet

|first2=Roos

|year=2002

|title=Wat is het beste IPA-symbool voor de u van put?

|conference=Dag van de Fonetiek

|location=Utrecht

}} A summary of the presentation can be found [http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/FonetischeVereniging/DvdFonetiek/DagvdFonetiek2002Abstracts.html#1545 here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006195442/http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/FonetischeVereniging/DvdFonetiek/DagvdFonetiek2002Abstracts.html#1545 |date=2018-10-06 }}.

{{citation

|last=Vanvik

|first=Arne

|title=Norsk fonetikk

|year=1979

|publisher=Universitetet i Oslo

|place=Oslo

|isbn=82-990584-0-6

}}

{{citation

|last=Verhoeven

|first=Jo

|year=2005

|title=Belgian Standard Dutch

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=35

|issue=2

|pages=245

|doi=10.1017/S0025100305002173

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Verhoeven

|first=Jo

|year=2007

|title=The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=37

|issue=2

|pages=219–225

|doi=10.1017/S0025100307002940

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Watson

|first=Kevin

|year=2007

|title=Liverpool English

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=37

|issue=3

|pages=351–360

|url=http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4011/1/download2.pdf?origin=publication_detail

|doi=10.1017/s0025100307003180

|doi-access=free

}}

{{Accents of English|hide1=y|hide2=y}}

External links

{{phoible|ʉ}}

Category:Close vowels

Category:Central vowels

Category:Rounded vowels

class="wikitable" style="clear: both;" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
Angami	Khonoma{{sfnp\|Blankenship\|Ladefoged\|Bhaskararao\|Chase\|1993\|p=129}}	{{lang\|njm\|su}}	{{IPA\|[sʉ˦]}}	'deep'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} after {{IPA\|/s/}}.{{sfnp\|Blankenship\|Ladefoged\|Bhaskararao\|Chase\|1993\|p=129}}
Armenian	Some Eastern dialects{{sfnp\|Dum-Tragut\|2009\|p=14}}	{{lang\|hy\|յուղ}}/yowġ	{{IPA\|[jʉʁ]}}	'oil'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} after {{IPA\|/j/}}.
Berber	Ayt Seghrouchen{{sfnp\|Abdel-Massih\|1971\|p=20}}	ⵍⵍⴰⵢⴳⴳⵓⵔ/llayggur	{{IPA\|[lːæjˈɡːʉɾ]}}	'he goes'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} after velar consonants.
rowspan="2" \| Dutch	Standard Northern{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|1992\|p=47}}	{{lang\|nl\|nu}}	{{IPA\|[nʉ]}}	'now'	Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}; also described as close front {{IPAblink\|y}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|2007\|p=30}} and near-close front {{IPAblink\|y˕}}.{{sfnp\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|p=132}} See Dutch phonology
Randstad{{Harvcoltxt\|Collins\|Mees\|2003\|pp=128, 131}}. The source describes the Standard Dutch vowel as front-central {{IPAblink\|ø\|ɵ̟}}, but more sources (e.g. {{Harvcoltxt\|van Heuven\|Genet\|2002}} and {{Harvcoltxt\|Verhoeven\|2005}}) describe it as central {{IPAblink\|ɵ}}. As far as the raised varieties of this vowel are concerned, Collins and Mees do not describe their exact backness.	{{lang\|nl\|hut}}	{{IPA\|[ɦɵ̝t]}}	'hut'	Found in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague. Lower {{IPAblink\|ɵ}} in Standard Dutch. See Dutch phonology
rowspan="12" \| English	Australian{{sfnp\|Harrington\|Cox\|Evans\|1997}}	rowspan="6" \| {{lang\|en\|goose}}	rowspan="5" \| {{IPA\|[ɡʉːs]}}	rowspan="6" \| 'goose'	See Australian English phonology
New Zealand{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|p=582}}	See New Zealand English phonology
Modern Received Pronunciation{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=133}}	Realized as back {{IPAblink\|uː}} in the conservative variety.{{sfnp\|Cruttenden\|2014\|p=133}}
Scouse{{citation\|last=Watson\|first=Kevin\|year=2007\|title=Liverpool English\|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association\|volume=37\|issue=3\|pages=351–360\|url=http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4011/1/download2.pdf?origin=publication_detail\|doi=10.1017/s0025100307003180\|s2cid=232345844\|doi-access=free}}	May (less commonly) be fully front {{IPAblink\|yː}} instead.
South African{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=116}}	Realized as back {{IPAblink\|uː}} in the conservative variety and in many Black and Indian varieties.{{sfnp\|Lass\|2002\|p=116}} See South African English phonology
General American{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|pp=476, 487}}	{{IPA\|[ɡʉs]}}	Can be back {{IPAblink\|u}} instead.{{sfnp\|Wells\|1982\|pp=476, 487}}
Estuary{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|pp=188, 191–192}}	{{lang\|en\|foot}}	{{IPA\|[fʉ̞ʔt]}}	'foot'	The exact height, backness and roundedness is variable.{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|pp=188, 191–192}}
Cockney{{sfnp\|Mott\|2011\|p=75}}	rowspan="4" \| good	rowspan="4" \| {{IPA\|[ɡʊ̈d]}}	rowspan="4" \| 'good'	Only in some words, particularly good, otherwise realized as near-back {{IPAblink\|ʊ}}.{{sfnp\|Mott\|2011\|p=75}}
Rural white Southern American{{sfnp\|Thomas\|2004\|pp=303, 308}}	Can be front {{IPAblink\|ʏ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Thomas\|2004\|pp=303, 308}}
Southeastern English{{sfnp\|Lodge\|2009\|p=174}}	May be unrounded {{IPAblink\|ɪ̈}} instead;{{sfnp\|Lodge\|2009\|p=174}} it corresponds to {{IPAblink\|ʊ}} in other dialects. See English phonology
Ulster{{cite web\|last=Jilka\|first=Matthias\|title=Irish English and Ulster English\|place=Stuttgart\|publisher=Institut für Linguistik/Anglistik, University of Stuttgart\|page=6\|url=http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421050911/http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/jilka/teaching/dialectology/d9_Ireland.pdf\|archive-date=21 April 2014}}	Short allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}}.
Shetland{{sfnp\|Melchers\|2004\|p=42}}	strut	{{IPA\|[stɹʊ̈t]}}	'strut' \|Can be {{IPAblink\|ɔ\|ɔ̟}} or {{IPAblink\|ʌ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Melchers\|2004\|p=42}}
German	Upper Saxon{{sfnp\|Khan\|Weise\|2013\|p=236}}	{{lang\|de\|Buden}}	{{IPA\|[ˈb̥ʉːd̥n̩]}}	'booths'	The example word is from the Chemnitz dialect.
colspan="2" \| Hausa{{sfnp\|Schuh\|Yalwa\|1999\|p=90}}	{{example needed\|date=January 2016}}			Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}}.{{sfnp\|Schuh\|Yalwa\|1999\|p=90}}
rowspan="2" \| Ibibio	Dialect of the Uruan area and Uyo{{sfnp\|Urua\|2004\|p=106}}	fuuk	{{IPA\|[fʉ́ʉk]}}	'cover many things/times'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} between consonants.{{sfnp\|Urua\|2004\|p=106}}
Some dialects{{sfnp\|Urua\|2004\|p=106}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{example needed\|date=November 2015}}		Phonemic; contrasts with {{IPA\|/u/}}.{{sfnp\|Urua\|2004\|p=106}}
rowspan="2" \| Irish	Munster{{sfnp\|Ó Sé\|2000\|p=?}}	ciúin	{{IPA\|[cʉːnʲ]}}	'quiet'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} between slender consonants.{{sfnp\|Ó Sé\|2000\|p=?}} See Irish phonology
Ulster{{sfnp\|Ní Chasaide\|1999\|p=114}}	úllaí	{{IPA\|[ˈʉ̜l̪ˠi]}}	'apples'	Often only weakly rounded;{{sfnp\|Ní Chasaide\|1999\|p=114}} may be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|u}}.
colspan="2" \| Irula{{sfnp\|Krishnamurti\|2003\|p=50}}		{{IPA\|[mʉːj]}}	"to surround"	Has other centralized vowels.
Kurdish	Southern{{sfnp\|Fattah\|2000\|pp=110-122}}	müçig	{{IPA\|[mʉːˈt͡ʃɯɡ]}}	'dust'	See Kurdish phonology
Limburgish	Some dialects{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}}{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2007\|pp=221, 223}}	{{lang\|li\|bruudsje}}	{{IPA\|[ˈbʀ̝ʉtʃə]}}	'breadroll'	Close {{IPA\|[ʉ]}}{{sfnp\|Gussenhoven\|Aarts\|1999\|p=159}} or near-close {{IPA\|[ʉ̞]}},{{sfnp\|Verhoeven\|2007\|pp=221, 223}} depending on the dialect. Close front {{IPAblink\|y}} in other dialects.{{sfnp\|Peters\|2006\|p=119}} Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|y}}. The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect, in which the vowel is close.
colspan="2" \| Lüsu{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|p=75}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[lʉ˥zʉ˥˧]}}	'Lüsu'
colspan="2" \| Russian{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|pp=38, 67–68}}	{{lang\|ru\|кюрий}}/kyuriy/kjurij	{{IPA\|[ˈkʲʉrʲɪj]}}	'curium'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} between palatalized consonants. Near-close when unstressed.{{sfnp\|Jones\|Ward\|1969\|pp=38, 67–68}} See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Scots{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|p=54}}	{{lang\|sco\|buit}}	{{IPA\|[bʉt]}}	'boot'	May be more front {{IPAblink\|ʏ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Schneider\|Burridge\|Kortmann\|Mesthrie\|2004\|p=54}}
rowspan="2" \| Scottish Gaelic	older Lewis speakers{{sfnp\|Nance\|2013}}	rowspan="2" \| co-dhiù	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[kʰɔˈjʉː]}}	rowspan=2" \| 'anyway'	Normal allophone of {{IPAblink\|uː}}. Fronted as {{IPAblink\|yː}} among younger speakers.
\| Wester Ross and Lochalsh{{Cite web\|title=Aspiration\|url=https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-04-23\|website=Scottish Gaelic Dialect Survey\|language=en\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424000221/https://doug5181.wixsite.com/sgdsmaps/page9 \|archive-date=2021-04-24 }}	Normal allophone of {{IPAblink\|uː}}.
rowspan="2" \| Swedish	Bohuslän{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=21}}	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|sv\|yla}}	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[²ʉᶻːlä]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'howl'	rowspan="2" \| A fricated vowel that corresponds to {{IPAblink\|y̫ː}} in Central Standard Swedish.{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=21}} See Swedish phonology
Närke{{sfnp\|Riad\|2014\|p=21}}
colspan="2" \| Tamil{{sfnp\|Keane\|2004\|p=114}}	{{lang\|ta\|வால்}}	{{IPA\|[väːlʉ]}}	'tail'	Epenthetic vowel inserted in colloquial speech after word-final liquids; can be unrounded {{IPAblink\|ɨ}} instead.{{sfnp\|Keane\|2004\|p=114}} See Tamil phonology

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
rowspan="2" \| Japanese	Some younger speakers{{sfnp\|Okada\|1999\|p=118}}	{{lang\|ja\|空気}} / {{transliteration\|ja\|kūki}}	{{IPA\|[kÿːki]}}	'air'	Near-back {{IPAblink\|u\|u̟}} for other speakers.{{sfnp\|Okada\|1999\|p=118}}
Standard Tokyo pronunciation	{{Lang\|ja\|寿司}} / {{transliteration\|ja\|sushi}}	{{IPA\|[sÿɕi]}}	'sushi'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/u/}} after {{IPA\|/s, z, t/}} and palatalized consonants.{{Cite book\|last=Labrune\|first=Laurence\|title=The Phonology of Japanese\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2012\|isbn=978-0-19-954583-4\|location=Oxford, England\|pages=25}} See Japanese phonology
Norwegian \|Urban East{{sfnp\|Strandskogen\|1979\|pp=15, 21}}{{sfnp\|Popperwell\|2010\|pp=16, 29}} \|{{lang\|no\|hus}} \|{{IPA\|[hÿːs]}} \|'house' \|Typically transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA\|ʉː}}. Also described as front {{IPAblink\|yː}}.{{sfnp\|Vanvik\|1979\|pp=13, 18}} See Norwegian phonology
Swedish	Some dialects	{{lang\|sv\|ful}}	{{IPA\|[fÿːl]}}	'ugly'	More front {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|yː}} ~ {{IPAplink\|ʏː}}]}} in Central Standard Swedish; typically transcribed in IPA as {{angbr IPA\|ʉː}}. See Swedish phonology

Close central rounded vowel

Close central protruded vowel

=Features=

=Occurrence=

Close central compressed vowel

=Features=

=Occurrence=

See also

Notes

References

External links