Crossover SUV#Mid-size crossover

The difference between crossover SUVs and other SUVs as generally defined by journalists and manufacturers is that a crossover is built using a unibody platform, while an SUV is built using a body-on-frame platform.{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=SUV vs. Crossover: What's the Difference?|url= https://www.autotrader.com/car-shopping/suv-vs-crossover-whats-difference-215843|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210305204723/https://www.autotrader.com/car-shopping/suv-vs-crossover-whats-difference-215843 |archive-date=5 March 2021|access-date=13 January 2021 |website=autotrader.com}}{{cite web |title=Difference between a crossover vehicle and SUV? |url= https://www.hertzcarsales.co.uk/used-cars-blog-difference-between-a-crossover-vehicle-and-suv |website=hertzcarsales.co.uk |access-date=22 April 2019 |date=30 January 2019 |archive-date=6 November 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201106132038/https://www.hertzcarsales.co.uk/used-cars-blog-difference-between-a-crossover-vehicle-and-suv |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=What is the Difference Between Crossovers and SUVs? |url= https://www.harbinautomotive.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-crossovers-and-suvs/ |website=harbinautomotive.com |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190422013640/https://www.harbinautomotive.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-crossovers-and-suvs/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title= What's the Difference Between an SUV, a Crossover, & a CUV? |url= https://thenewswheel.com/whats-the-difference-between-an-suv-a-crossover-a-cuv/ |website=thenewswheel.com |access-date= 22 April 2019 |date= 30 March 2017 |archive-date= 22 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190422013651/https://thenewswheel.com/whats-the-difference-between-an-suv-a-crossover-a-cuv/ |url-status= live }} However, these definitions are often blurred in practice, since unibody vehicles are also often referred to as SUVs.{{cite web |title=SUV vs. Crossover: What's the Difference? |url= https://www.autotrader.com/car-shopping/suv-vs-crossover-whats-difference-215843 |website=autotrader.com |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190422013642/https://www.autotrader.com/car-shopping/suv-vs-crossover-whats-difference-215843 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=SUVs vs. Crossovers: What's the Difference? |url= https://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/best-cars-blog/2016/09/suvs-vs-crossovers-whats-the-difference |website=usnews.com |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190422013641/https://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/best-cars-blog/2016/09/suvs-vs-crossovers-whats-the-difference |url-status=live }} "Crossover" is a relatively recent term, and early unibody SUVs (such as the 1984 Jeep Cherokee) are rarely called crossovers. Due to these inconsistencies, the term "SUV" is often used as an umbrella term for both crossovers and traditional SUVs.{{cite web |title=The Difference Between SUVs and Crossover Cars |url= https://www.carwriteups.co.uk/2018/04/difference-suvs-crossovers-cars/ |website=carwriteups.co.uk |access-date=22 April 2019 |date=9 April 2018 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190422013645/https://www.carwriteups.co.uk/2018/04/difference-suvs-crossovers-cars/ |url-status= live }}{{cite magazine |url= http://www.caranddriver.com/comparisons/2013-bmw-x3-xdrive28i-vs-2013-audi-q5-20t-2013-land-rover-range-rover-evoque-comparison-test |date=February 2013 |title=2013 BMW X3 xDrive28i vs. 2013 Audi Q5 2.0T, 2013 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque |first=Daniel |last=Fund |magazine=Car and Driver |access-date=27 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150804145252/http://www.caranddriver.com/comparisons/2013-bmw-x3-xdrive28i-vs-2013-audi-q5-20t-2013-land-rover-range-rover-evoque-comparison-test |url-status=live }}

U.S. magazine MotorTrend in 2005 mentioned that the term "crossover" has become "blurred as manufacturers apply it to everything from the Chrysler Pacifica to the Ford Five Hundred sedan". At that time, the publication proposes that the term "soft-roader" is more appropriate.{{cite web |date=18 April 2005 |title=Soft-Roader or Off-Roader? - How to Choose the Right Truck |url= https://www.motortrend.com/features/ic-offroad/ |access-date=18 December 2022 |work=Motor Trend}}

Some regions outside North America do not have a distinction between a crossover SUV and body-on-frame SUV, calling both of them SUVs. Several government bodies in the United States also did not acknowledge the crossover distinction, including the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Gas Mileage of 2009 Sport Utility Vehicle|url= https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/byclass/Sport_Utility_Vehicle2009.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210323013156/https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/byclass/Sport_Utility_Vehicle2009.shtml|archive-date=23 March 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=fueleconomy.gov}} In some jurisdictions, crossovers are classified as light trucks as are traditional SUVs and pickup trucks.

Outside the United States, the term "crossover" tends to be used for C-segment (compact) or smaller vehicles, with large unibody vehicles—such as the Audi Q7, Range Rover, Porsche Cayenne and Volkswagen Touareg—usually referred to as SUVs rather than crossovers.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} In the United Kingdom, a crossover is sometimes defined as a hatchback with raised ride height and SUV-like styling features.{{cite web |title=What's the difference between a crossover, SUV and 4x4? |url= https://www.carbuyer.co.uk/tips-and-advice/159974/whats-the-difference-between-a-crossover-suv-and-4x4 |website=carbuyer.co.uk |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190422013643/https://www.carbuyer.co.uk/tips-and-advice/159974/whats-the-difference-between-a-crossover-suv-and-4x4 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|title=SUV vs Crossover: What are the Differences and Similarities? |url= https://www.leasefetcher.co.uk/blog/suv-vs-crossover-differences |website=leasefetcher.co.uk |access-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190422013641/https://www.leasefetcher.co.uk/blog/suv-vs-crossover-differences |archive-date= 22 April 2019 |url-status=dead}} The Sunday Times noted the number of "soft-roader" cars on sale in 2019.{{Cite news|url= https://www.driving.co.uk/car-reviews/2019-volkswagen-t-roc-review/ |title= 2019 VOLKSWAGEN T-ROC REVIEW |last= Rufford |first= Nick |date= 5 March 2019 |access-date= 4 April 2023}}

Crossovers' driving characteristics and performance are similar to those of traditional passenger cars while providing more passenger and cargo space with relatively minor trade-offs in fuel economy and running costs. According to Consumer Reports, the three top-selling crossovers in the US in 2018 (Toyota RAV4, Honda CR-V, and Nissan Rogue) return an average of 10% less fuel economy than the top three selling sedan equivalents in the mid-size segment (Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, Nissan Altima), but provide almost 1.5 times the cargo space. Furthermore, the average mid-size crossover in the US costs less than 5% more than the average mid-size car.

Compared to truck-based SUVs, crossovers typically have greater interior comfort, a more comfortable ride, better fuel economy, and lower manufacturing costs, but inferior off-road and towing capabilities.{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=What is a Crossover Vehicle?|url= http://www.intellichoice.com/carBuying101/what-is-a-crossover|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110717054551/http://www.intellichoice.com/carBuying101/what-is-a-crossover|archive-date=17 July 2011|access-date=27 July 2015 |work=Intellichoice |quote=They can be either wagon- or SUV-like in appearance (although they are not really intended for off-road use)}}{{cite web |title=Crossover 101 |url= http://autos.aol.com/article/crossovers-101/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160416223830/http://autos.aol.com/article/crossovers-101/ |archive-date=16 April 2016 |access-date=11 November 2019 |website=aol.com}} Many crossovers lack an all-wheel drive or four-wheel-drive train, which, in combination with their inferior off-road capability, causes many journalists and consumers to question their definition as "sports utility vehicles". This has led some to describe crossovers as pseudo-SUVs.{{cite web|last=Parker|first=Sean|title=What it's like living with the Venue, Hyundai's smallest crossover |url= https://www.news24.com/wheels/newmodels/road-tests/what-its-like-living-with-the-venue-hyundais-smallest-crossover-20201105 |access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Wheels |archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122195153/https://www.news24.com/wheels/newmodels/road-tests/what-its-like-living-with-the-venue-hyundais-smallest-crossover-20201105|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=2020 Lexus UX 250h Review: An Efficient Pseudo-SUV |url= https://www.cars.com/articles/2020-lexus-ux-250h-review-an-efficient-pseudo-suv-425888/|access-date=2021-01-17 |website=Cars.com |archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122182029/https://www.cars.com/articles/2020-lexus-ux-250h-review-an-efficient-pseudo-suv-425888/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Rizvi|first=Aariz|date=2019-11-10 |title=Buying A Real SUV In A World Of Pseudo SUVs |url= https://www.motorbeam.com/buying-a-real-suv-in-a-world-of-pseudo-suvs/ |access-date=2021-01-17 |work=MotorBeam |archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122180544/https://www.motorbeam.com/buying-a-real-suv-in-a-world-of-pseudo-suvs/|url-status=live}}

{{main article|Sport utility vehicle#History|l1 = History of sport utility vehicle}}

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Introduced in 1979, prior to the terms "SUV" or "crossover" being coined, the AMC Eagle is retroactively considered to be the first dedicated crossover automobile.{{cite web |title=Who coined the term 'crossover vehicle?' |url= https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-models/crossover-cars/term-crossover-vehicle.htm |website=howstuffworks.com |access-date=8 December 2018 |date=13 July 2011 |archive-date=22 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190422072117/https://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-models/crossover-cars/term-crossover-vehicle.htm |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url= https://www.autotrader.com/car-news/amc-eagle-no-seriously-this-was-the-first-crossover-suv-265257 |title=AMC Eagle: No, Seriously, This Was the First Crossover SUV |first=Aaron |last=Gold |date=May 2017 |work=Auto Trader |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-date=21 May 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170521111933/http://www.autotrader.com/car-news/amc-eagle-no-seriously-this-was-the-first-crossover-suv-265257 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal|last=Sherman |first=Don |title=All-Wheel-Drive Revisited: AMC's 1980 Eagle pioneered the cross-over SUV |journal=Automotive Industries |date=1 February 2001 |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-69103689.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130501140243/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-69103689.html |url-status= dead |archive-date=1 May 2013 |access-date=19 May 2017}}{{cite web |url= http://www.automotivehalloffame.org/honoree/roy-lunn/ |title=Roy Lunn – Inducted 2016 |work=Automobile Hall of Fame |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-date=13 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170813055433/http://www.automotivehalloffame.org/honoree/roy-lunn/ |url-status=live }} The mass-market Eagle model line was based on a unibody passenger car platform, with fully-automatic four-wheel drive and a raised ride height.{{cite magazine |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MAEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA90 |last=Jacobs |first=Ed |title=Passenger-car comfort, plus 4wd security for all-weather security |magazine=Popular Science |date=September 1979 |volume=215 |issue=3 |pages=90–91 |access-date=19 May 2017 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220219141100/https://books.google.com/books?id=MAEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA90 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url= http://www.mustangandfords.com/news/1608-roy-lunn-inducted-into-automotive-hall-of-fame/ |title=Roy Lunn Inducted into Automotive Hall of Fame |first=Mark |last=Houlahan |work=Mustang Monthly |date=3 August 2016 |access-date=5 July 2017 |archive-date=13 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170813060157/http://www.mustangandfords.com/news/1608-roy-lunn-inducted-into-automotive-hall-of-fame/ |url-status=live }}{{cite magazine |last=Norbye |first=Jan P. |title=Half-Hour History of Four-Wheel-Drive Autos |url= https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2009/12/13/sia-flashback-half-hour-history-of-four-wheel-drive-autos/#&gid=1&pid=1 |magazine=Special Interest Autos |date=October 1980 |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181206235013/https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2009/12/13/sia-flashback-half-hour-history-of-four-wheel-drive-autos/#&gid=1&pid=1 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Carney |first=Dan |title=AMC Eagle, the unlikely trail-blazer |url= http://www.bbc.com/autos/story/20130925-the-unlikely-awd-trail-blazer |publisher=BBC |quote=1980 AMC Eagle, the first full-time all-wheel-drive passenger car to reach mass production. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181028174631/http://www.bbc.com/autos/story/20130925-the-unlikely-awd-trail-blazer |url-status=live }}{{cite book|last=Flory |first=J. Kelly Jr. |title=American Cars, 1973–1980: Every Model, Year by Year |date=2012 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9780786443529 |page=775 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PV1uzCfmJDgC&pg=PA775 |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220219141101/https://books.google.com/books?id=PV1uzCfmJDgC&pg=PA775 |url-status=live }} Furthermore, a writer for Motor Trend characterized the 1963 Studebaker Wagonaire as the "first crossover" because the innovative station wagon with a sliding roof "mashed up various vehicle types."{{cite web |last1=Hunting |first1=Benjamin |title=The 1960–63 Studebaker Lark Wagonaire Was the First Crossover |url= https://www.motortrend.com/features/studebaker-lark-wagonaire-first-crossover/ |publisher=Motor Trend |date=17 January 2019 |access-date=30 July 2021 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210730194012/https://www.motortrend.com/features/studebaker-lark-wagonaire-first-crossover/ |url-status=live }} It was available only with a conventional rear-wheel drive.

Others cite the front-wheel drive 1977 Matra Rancho as a slightly earlier forerunner to the modern crossover.{{cite web |title=Matra Rancho: the original crossover |date=6 March 2015 |work=The Telegraph |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/classic/matra-rancho-the-original-crossover/ |access-date=19 May 2017 |archive-date=15 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170415064249/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/classic/matra-rancho-the-original-crossover/ |url-status=live }} Marketed as a "lifestyle" vehicle, it was not available with four-wheel drive.{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Sam D. |title=Meet The Matra-Simca Rancho, The Original Crossover That Was Ahead Of Its Time |url= https://www.carscoops.com/2021/05/meet-the-matra-simca-rancho-the-original-crossover-that-was-ahead-of-its-time/ |publisher=Carscoops |access-date=18 July 2021 |date=30 May 2021 |archive-date=30 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210530134946/https://www.carscoops.com/2021/05/meet-the-matra-simca-rancho-the-original-crossover-that-was-ahead-of-its-time/ |url-status=live }} In 1981, American Motors Corporation (AMC) introduced four-wheel drive subcompact models built on the two-door AMC Spirit, the "Eagle SX/4" and "Eagle Kammback".{{cite web|last=Ernst|first=Kurt|date=10 March 2014|title=Lost Cars of the 1980s – 1981–1982 AMC Eagle Series 50 Kammback |url= https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2014/03/10/lost-cars-of-the-1980s-1981-1982-amc-eagle-series-50-kammback/ |access-date=12 June 2021|work=Hemmings Classic Car |archive-date=14 August 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180814235741/https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2014/03/10/lost-cars-of-the-1980s-1981-1982-amc-eagle-series-50-kammback/ |url-status=live}}{{cite web |last1=Glantz |first1=Russell |date=13 March 2019 |title=Two Door 4×4: 1983 AMC Eagle SX/4|url= https://barnfinds.com/two-door-4x4-1983-amc-eagle-sx-4/|access-date=12 June 2021 |work=Barn Finds |archive-date=13 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210613034246/https://barnfinds.com/two-door-4x4-1983-amc-eagle-sx-4/ |url-status=live}} These low-priced models joined the compact AMC Eagle line and they foreshadowed the market segment of comfortable cars with utility and foul-weather capabilities.{{cite web|last1=Gardner |first1=Randy |date=3 April 2021 |title=AMC Eagle: Ten Fascinating Features on America's First Crossover |url= https://www.hotcars.com/amc-eagle-ten-fascinating-features-on-americas-first-crossover/ |access-date=12 June 2021 |work=HotCars|archive-date=13 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210613034249/https://www.hotcars.com/amc-eagle-ten-fascinating-features-on-americas-first-crossover/ |url-status=live}}

The first-generation Toyota RAV4, released in 1994, has been credited as the model that expanded the concept of a modern crossover. The RAV4 was based on a modified platform used by the Toyota Corolla and Toyota Carina. At its release, Toyota in Japan used the term "4x4 vehicle" to describe the model,{{cite press release |title=Toyota Introduces the RAV4―a New-Concept 4X4 |url= https://global.toyota/en/detail/7862794 |date=10 May 1994 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=global.toyota }} while Toyota in the US called the vehicle a "new concept SUV".{{cite magazine |date=1996-01-01 |title=1996 Toyota RAV4 |url= https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/1996-toyota-rav-4-2/ |access-date=2022-06-06 |magazine=MotorTrend}} By the early 2000s, Toyota was leading the market in its development of car-based trucks in North America with the release of other crossover models such as the Highlander and the Lexus RX.

In North America, crossovers increased in popularity during the 2000s, when fuel efficiency standards for light trucks, which had been stuck at {{convert|20.7|mpgus|L/100km km/L|1|abbr=out}} since 1996, moved upwards by 2005. With increasing fuel prices, traditional SUVs began to lose market share to crossovers.{{cite magazine|last=Madrigal |first=Alexis C. |title=Why So Many Cars Suddenly Look Like This |url= https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/07/how-the-crossover-conquered-americas-automobile-market/374061/ |magazine=The Atlantic |date=2014-07-10 |access-date=2021-08-28 |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170904110201/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/07/how-the-crossover-conquered-americas-automobile-market/374061/ |url-status=live }} In the United States {{as of|2006|lc=on}}, crossover models comprised more than 50% of the overall SUV market.{{update-inline|date=March 2023}} Crossovers have become increasingly popular in Europe also since the early 2010s.{{update-inline|date=March 2023}}

In the first quarter of 2023 the Tesla Model Y crossover became the best-selling vehicle in the world.{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2023-05-26 |title=The Tesla Model Y is now the world’s bestselling car |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/26/23738581/tesla-model-y-ev-record-world-bestselling-car-electric |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}

Depending on the market, crossovers are divided into several size categories. Since there is an absence of any official distinction, often the size category is ambiguous for some crossover models. Several aspects needed to determine the size category of a vehicle may include length and width, positioning in its respective brand line-up, platform, and interior space.

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Crossover city cars (also called A-SUVs,{{cite web|url=https://www.jato.com/a-suvs-are-coming/|title=A-SUVs are coming|publisher=JATO}} city SUVs, city crossovers, or A-segment SUVs) are crossovers that generally ride on the platform of a city car (A-segment).

Crossover city car is a newly introduced automotive vehicle segment, with the first vehicle in the segment being the Fiat Panda Cross, though the Suzuki Ignis helped bring the segment more attention.{{cite web|url= https://www.pistonudos.com/en/the-segment-division-among-suvs|title=The segment division among SUVs}} Cars in this segment are generally styled as hatchbacks.

Since the late 2010s, the segment has received significantly more attention. {{As of|2023}}, examples include the Toyota Aygo X, Hyundai Casper, Suzuki Ignis, Renault Kwid, VinFast VF 5, Suzuki Xbee, and the Fiat Panda Cross/City Cross.{{Cite web|title=Hyundai Adds Mini SUV Casper to Lineup|url=http://koreabizwire.com/hyundai-adds-mini-suv-casper-to-lineup/200392|access-date=2022-01-30|website=Be Korea-savvy|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|title=New 2022 Toyota Aygo X: crossover city car priced from £14,795|url=https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/toyota/aygo/354469/new-2022-toyota-aygo-x-crossover-city-car-priced-ps14795|access-date=2022-01-30|website=Auto Express|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Luke John|date=2017-07-12|title=Fiat Panda City Cross 2017 - the crossover with city car pricing|url=https://www.express.co.uk/life-style/cars/827617/Fiat-Panda-City-Cross-2017-4x4-car-crossover|access-date=2022-01-30|website=Express.co.uk|language=en}}

{{Main|Subcompact crossover SUV}}

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Subcompact crossover SUVs (also called B-segment crossover SUV, B-SUV,{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=B-SUV Archives |url= https://www.jato.com/tag/b-suv/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210114204044/https://www.jato.com/tag/b-suv/ |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 |work=JATO}} small SUV{{cite web|title=Top 10 best small SUVs 2020|url= https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/best-cars/top-10-best-compact-suvs|access-date=13 January 2021 |work=Autocar |archive-date=15 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210115044415/https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/best-cars/top-10-best-compact-suvs |url-status=live}}) are crossovers that are usually based on the platform of a subcompact (also known as supermini or B-segment) passenger car,{{cite web |url= http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/peugeot-crossover-renault-clio-2012-04-23 |title=Prepare for the mini-SUV invasion... |date=24 April 2012 |work=Top Gear |access-date=29 August 2012 |archive-date=22 October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121022170926/http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/peugeot-crossover-renault-clio-2012-04-23 |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url= http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/nissan/juke/first-drives/nissan-juke-1.5-dci-tekna|title=Nissan Juke 1.5dCi Tekna Review |work=Autocar |access-date=24 May 2017 |archive-date=16 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170616033044/https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/nissan/juke/first-drives/nissan-juke-1.5-dci-tekna|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url= http://www.jukeownersclub.co.uk/news/Auto-Express-First-Drive.asp |title=Auto Express – First Drive Nissan Juke |work=jukeownersclub |access-date=24 May 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170903032536/http://www.jukeownersclub.co.uk/news/Auto-Express-First-Drive.asp |archive-date=3 September 2017 |url-status=dead}} although some high-end subcompact crossover models are based on a compact car (C-segment).{{cite web|date=21 November 2017 |title=Frugal & High-end: B-SUV segment splits|url= https://www.jato.com/frugal-high-end-b-suv-segment-splits/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210114025049/https://www.jato.com/frugal-high-end-b-suv-segment-splits/ |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021|work=JATO}}

The segment may be called differently depending on the market. In several regions, the category may be known as "compact crossover" or "compact SUV" instead.{{cite web|title=Top 10 best compact crossovers 2021|url= https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/best-cars/top-10-best-compact-crossovers|access-date=15 January 2021 |work=Autocar |language=en|archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210117121529/https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/best-cars/top-10-best-compact-crossovers|url-status=live}}

This category is particularly popular in Europe, India, and Brazil, where it accounted for 37, 75, and 69% respectively of total SUV sales in 2018. In the United States, it accounted for 7% of total SUV sales in 2018.{{cite web|date=11 June 2018 |title=A-SUVs are coming |url= https://www.jato.com/a-suvs-are-coming/ |access-date=13 January 2021 |work=JATO |archive-date=14 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210114031022/https://www.jato.com/a-suvs-are-coming/ |url-status=live}} The best-selling vehicle in the segment in 2019 was the Honda HR-V, with 622,154 units being recorded as having been sold worldwide.{{cite web|date=|title=The world's best-selling cars|url= https://www.autocar.co.uk/slideshow/world%E2%80%99s-best-selling-cars-0 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210114164240/https://www.autocar.co.uk/slideshow/world%E2%80%99s-best-selling-cars-0 |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 |work=Autocar |language=en}}

{{Main|Compact crossover SUV}}

{{see also|Compact sport utility vehicle}}

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A compact crossover SUV (also called C-segment SUV{{cite web|title=Top 3 'C' Segment Family SUV – LeasePlan|url= https://direct.leaseplan.co.uk/top-3-c-segment-family-suv |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=direct.leaseplan.co.uk |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210302012730/https://direct.leaseplan.co.uk/top-3-c-segment-family-suv |url-status=live}} or C-SUV{{cite web|date=|title=C-SUV Archives|url= https://www.jato.com/tag/c-suv/ |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210420093300/https://www.jato.com/tag/c-suv/ |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |work=JATO}}) is a vehicle that is usually based on the platform of a compact car (C-segment), while some models are based on a mid-size car (D-segment) or a subcompact (B-segment) platform. Most compact crossovers have two-row seating, but some have three rows.{{Cite web|last1=Hellwig|first1=Kelly|last2=Irwin|first2=Austin|date=2020-10-06|title=Every 2021 Compact Crossover SUV Ranked from Worst to Best|url= https://www.caranddriver.com/features/g15380025/best-small-compact-suv-truck |access-date=2021-02-14 |work=Car and Driver |archive-date=17 February 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210217181833/https://www.caranddriver.com/features/g15380025/best-small-compact-suv-truck/ |url-status=live}}

The naming of the segment may differ depending on the market. In several regions outside North America, the category may be known as "mid-size crossover" or "mid-size SUV",{{Cite web|title=Best used mid-size 4x4s and SUVs|url= https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/best-cars-vans/84684/best-used-mid-size-4x4s-and-suvs |access-date=2021-01-17 |website=autoexpress.co.uk |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210124162004/https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/best-cars-vans/84684/best-used-mid-size-4x4s-and-suvs|url-status=live}} not to be confused with the North American definition of a mid-size crossover SUV, which is a larger D-segment crossover SUV.

The first compact crossover was the 1980 AMC Eagle that was based on the compact-sized Concord line. Its four-wheel drive system was an almost unheard-of feature on regular passenger cars at the time, and it came with full-time all-wheel drive, automatic transmission, power steering, power front disk brakes as standard, and numerous convenience and comfort options.{{cite web |last1=Branch |first1=Ben |title=The AMC Eagle – The Original American 4x4 Crossover |url= https://silodrome.com/amc-eagle-car/ |publisher=Silodrome |access-date=18 July 2021 |date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210718204713/https://silodrome.com/amc-eagle-car/ |url-status=live }} Later models included the 1994 Toyota RAV4, 1995 Honda CR-V, 1997 Subaru Forester, 2000 Nissan X-Trail, 2000 Mazda Tribute, and the 2001 Ford Escape.

Between 2005 and 2010, the market share of compact crossovers in the US increased from 6 to more than 11%.{{cite web|date=2010-08-30|title=To make better decisions, you need to see the big picture|url= https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/small-crossover-segment-us-market-share-climbs-above-10.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=ihsmarkit.com |archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210420084757/https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/small-crossover-segment-us-market-share-climbs-above-10.html |url-status=live}} In 2014, for the first time ever, sales of compact crossovers outpaced mid-size sedans in the United States.{{Cite web|date=2014-04-30|title=To make better decisions, you need to see the big picture. |url= https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/small-crossovers-outpace-sedans-for-first-time-ever.html|access-date=2021-02-14|website=ihsmarkit.com |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210420084758/https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/small-crossovers-outpace-sedans-for-first-time-ever.html |url-status=live}}

In 2019, the American magazine Car and Driver stated that "so many of these vehicles are crowding the marketplace, simply sorting through them can be a daunting task".{{cite web |url= https://www.caranddriver.com/flipbook/practical-matters-every-compact-crossover-suv-ranked-from-worst-to-best#1 |title=Practicality Matters: Every Compact Crossover SUV Ranked from Worst to Best |publisher=Car and Driver |access-date=2 April 2018 |archive-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180403173605/https://www.caranddriver.com/flipbook/practical-matters-every-compact-crossover-suv-ranked-from-worst-to-best#1 |url-status=live }} Due to its popularity and to cater to customers' needs, many manufacturers offer more than one compact crossover, usually in slightly different sizes at different price points.

By the late 2010s, the segment had emerged as the most popular segment in several regions. For example, nearly 1 in every 4 cars (24.2%) sold in the United States in 2019 was a compact crossover.{{cite web|date=27 January 2020 |title=US car sales analysis 2019 – Compact crossovers |url= https://carsalesbase.com/us-car-sales-analysis-2019-compact-suv/ |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=carsalesbase.com |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210118020359/https://carsalesbase.com/us-car-sales-analysis-2019-compact-suv/ |url-status=live}} It also comprised 5.6% of the total European car market.{{cite web |date=11 February 2020 |title=European sales 2019 midsized crossovers |url= https://carsalesbase.com/european-sales-2019-midsized-crossovers/|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122021938/https://carsalesbase.com/european-sales-2019-midsized-crossovers/ |archive-date=22 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=carsalesbase.com}} The best-selling vehicle in the segment in 2019 was the Toyota RAV4, with 961,918 units sold globally.

In late 2020 the Volkswagen ID.4 and Ford Mustang Mach-E debuted as battery electric compact crossover SUVs.

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A mid-size crossover SUV is a class of crossover SUVs that is larger than compact crossover SUVs, but smaller than full-size crossover SUVs. Mid-size crossover SUVs are usually based on the platform of a mid-size (also known as a large family car or a D-segment) passenger car, while some models are based on a full-size car (F-segment) or a compact (C-segment) platform. Some mid-size crossovers have three rows of seats, while others have two rows, which led to several brands offering multiple models to cater to both sub-segments (for example, the Honda Pilot three row crossover and its two row derivative, the Honda Passport). In Australia, American mid-sized crossovers are classified as large SUVs.{{cn|date=July 2021}}

The first mid-size crossovers included the Toyota Highlander and Pontiac Aztek, both introduced in 2000 for the 2001 model year.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

The segment is most popular in North America and China, where larger vehicles are preferred. It makes up 15.8% of the total United States car market.{{cite web|date=27 January 2020|title=US car sales analysis 2019 – Midsized SUVs|url= https://carsalesbase.com/us-car-sales-analysis-2019-midsized-suvs/ |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=carsalesbase.com|language=en-US|archive-date=21 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210121211944/https://carsalesbase.com/us-car-sales-analysis-2019-midsized-suvs/ |url-status=live}} In Europe, the segment covers 2.1% of the total market in 2019 with luxury crossover SUVs dominating most of the share.{{cite web|date=12 February 2020 |title=European sales 2019 Large SUVs |url= https://carsalesbase.com/european-sales-2019-large-suv/|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210121202453/https://carsalesbase.com/european-sales-2019-large-suv/ |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=carsalesbase.com}}

The Toyota Highlander/Kluger was the best-selling vehicle in the category in 2018, with 387,869 sold worldwide.{{cite web|date=2019-02-20|title=Global SUV boom continues in 2018 but growth moderates |url= https://www.jato.com/global-suv-boom-continues-in-2018-but-growth-moderates/|url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210120231120/https://www.jato.com/global-suv-boom-continues-in-2018-but-growth-moderates/ |archive-date=20 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |work=JATO}}

{{see also|Full-size SUV}}

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Full-size crossover SUVs are the largest crossovers and offer exclusively three row seating. The first full-size crossovers included the Ford Freestyle, GMC Acadia, Saturn Outlook, and the Buick Enclave, with older full-size SUVs being built mostly above a body-on-frame chassis. The full-size crossover SUV class is sometimes considered to include the three-row mid-size crossover class, as in the case of the Jeep Grand Cherokee L.{{cite web |last1=Rosenholtz |first1=Jared |title=How Does The 2021 Jeep Grand Cherokee L Measure Up? |url= https://carbuzz.com/features/how-does-the-2021-jeep-grand-cherokee-l-measure-up |website=carbuzz.com |access-date=15 January 2021 |date=11 January 2021 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220219141103/https://carbuzz.com/features/how-does-the-2021-jeep-grand-cherokee-l-measure-up |url-status=live }}

Full-size crossover SUVs are not necessarily based on full-size cars, even if an automaker still has a full-size passenger car in their lineup. For instance the Mercedes-Benz GLS shares its architecture with the mid-size Mercedes-Benz GLE and not the full-size Mercedes-Benz S-Class sedan, even though the GLS is marketed as the crossover SUV counterpart to the S-Class.

File:Lada Taiga 4x4 1.7i (53222891595).jpg three-door is one of only a few three-door crossovers still in production.]]

While three-door body-on-frame SUVs are not uncommon, crossover SUVs with three doors (including the tailgate door) are less prevalent. The decline of two or three-door vehicles, in general, has led to the decline of this category.{{cite web|last=Ltd|first=Motionlab Marketing|date=2017-06-22|title=Europe says goodbye to 3-door Hatchs |url= https://www.jato.com/europe-says-goodbye-3-door-hatchs/ |access-date=2021-01-17 |work=JATO |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184457/https://www.jato.com/europe-says-goodbye-3-door-hatchs/ |url-status=live}}{{cite press release|title=Toyota RAV4: From world first to world's best |url= https://newsroom.toyota.eu/toyota-rav4-from-world-first-to-worlds-best/|access-date=2021-01-17 |website=newsroom.toyota.eu |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210124155719/https://newsroom.toyota.eu/toyota-rav4-from-world-first-to-worlds-best/ |url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Range Rover Evoque three-door axed ahead of second-generation model |url= https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/range-rover-evoque-three-door-axed-ahead-second-generation-model |access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Autocar |archive-date=11 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210111012736/https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/range-rover-evoque-three-door-axed-ahead-second-generation-model |url-status=live}}

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{{Main|Coupe SUV}}

File:BMW G06 IMG 3715.jpg mid-size luxury coupé crossover]]

Crossover SUVs with a sloping rear roofline may be marketed as a "coupe crossover SUV" or "coupe SUV". Although the term "coupe" itself is supposed to refer to a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and usually two doors (although some manufacturers have created a four-door coupé), most coupé crossover SUVs are equipped with five doors.{{cite web|title=Half sports car, half off-roader: The era of the SUV Coupe has begun |url= https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/passenger-vehicle/uv/half-sports-car-half-off-roader-the-era-of-the-suv-coupe-has-begun/75740017 |access-date=2021-01-17|website=ETAuto.com |archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122025211/https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/passenger-vehicle/uv/half-sports-car-half-off-roader-the-era-of-the-suv-coupe-has-begun/75740017|url-status=live}} The sloping roofline is designed to offer a styling advantage over its standard crossover counterpart, although others suggest that this is less attractive.{{cite web|title=Coupe de grace: How the SUV coupe offers the best of both worlds |url= https://cnaluxury.ccannelnewsasia.com/obsessions/suv-coupes-11814394|access-date=2021-01-17 |website=channelnewsasia.com |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210121053157/https://cnaluxury.channelnewsasia.com/obsessions/suv-coupes-11814394 |url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Golson|first=Daniel|date=2018-11-13|title=The Crossover Coupe Explained — and Every One You Can Buy Today |url= https://www.caranddriver.com/features/g24844580/crossover-coupes-suvs |access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Car and Driver |archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210128183139/https://www.caranddriver.com/features/g24844580/crossover-coupes-suvs/ |url-status=live}} The body style has attracted criticism as being more expensive and less practical than normal crossovers.{{cite web|last=Noordeloos|first=Marc|date=2019-04-03|title=The SUV "Coupe" Is Ridiculous and Needs to Go Away|url= https://www.automobilemag.com/news/suv-coupes-must-go-porsche-cayenne-coupe/ |url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122025235/https://www.automobilemag.com/news/suv-coupes-must-go-porsche-cayenne-coupe/ |archive-date=22 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-18 |website=automobilemag.com}} The BMW X6 is credited to be the first coupe crossover.{{cite web|date=2021-06-18 |title=Auto Plus TV: why such a wave of coupe SUVs?|url= https://www.byri.net/2021/06/18/auto-plus-tv-why-such-a-wave-of-coupe-suvs/ |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=byri.net |archive-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220202165730/https://www.byri.net/2021/06/18/auto-plus-tv-why-such-a-wave-of-coupe-suvs/ |url-status=live}}

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File:Land Rover Range Rover Evoque Convertible 2016 - front three-quarter (cropped).jpg]]

The first crossover convertible was the AMC Eagle marketed by AMC dealers during the 1981 and 1982 model years as the Sundancer, a factory-authorized conversion of the all-wheel-drive two-door sedans.{{cite web |last1=Fitch |first1=Todd |title=1 of 40! 1981 AMC Eagle Sundancer 4X4 |url= https://barnfinds.com/1-of-40-1981-amc-eagle-sundancer-4x4/ |work=Barn Finds |access-date=19 September 2022 |date=22 June 2019}}{{cite web |last1=Joslin |first1=Tom |title=Rare AMC Eagle Sundancer is ultra-weird fun in the sun |url= https://jalopnik.com/rare-amc-eagle-sundancer-is-ultra-weird-fun-in-the-sun-5830541 |work=Jalopnik |date=13 August 2011 |access-date=19 September 2022}}{{cite web |last1=Chilton |first1=Chris |title=This 1981 AMC Eagle Sundancer Crossover Convertible Surely Points To The Next Automotive Trend |url= https://www.carscoops.com/2022/09/this-1981-amc-eagle-sundancer-crossover-convertible-surely-points-to-the-next-automotive-trend/ |work=Carscoops |date=18 September 2022 |access-date=19 September 2022}}

Several convertible crossover SUVs have entered mass production, including the Toyota RAV4 convertible. Released in North America in the 1998 model year, it was offered through the 1999 model year.{{cite web|date=2020-08-17|title=Toyota RAV4 History: A Closer Look at the Popular Crossover's Heritage|url= https://www.motortrend.com/features-collections/toyota-rav4-history/ |access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Motor Trend |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210120034813/https://www.motortrend.com/features-collections/toyota-rav4-history/ |url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Demuro|first=Doug|date=2018-01-19|title=Remember When Toyota Made a RAV4 Convertible?|url= https://www.autotrader.com/car-news/remember-when-toyota-made-rav4-convertible-272816|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122183333/https://www.autotrader.com/car-news/remember-when-toyota-made-rav4-convertible-272816 |archive-date=22 January 2021|access-date=2021-01-17 |website=autotrader.com}} Other examples include the Nissan Murano CrossCabriolet, Range Rover Evoque Convertible, and Volkswagen T-Roc Cabriolet.{{cite web|date=2020-09-21|title=9 Convertible SUVs That Are Actually Badass (1 We Wouldn't Be Caught Dead In)|url= https://www.hotcars.com/convertible-suvs-best-worst/|access-date=2021-01-17 |work=HotCars |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210121053004/https://www.hotcars.com/convertible-suvs-best-worst/ |url-status=live}}

This category was heavily criticized by journalists, enthusiasts, and analysts for numerous reasons, such as its design and high price tag.{{cite web|last=Berk|first=Brett|title=Is the Convertible Crossover a Thing Now? |url= https://www.thedrive.com/new-cars/2957/is-the-convertible-crossover-a-thing-now |access-date=2021-01-17 |work=The Drive |date=11 April 2016 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122213740/https://www.thedrive.com/new-cars/2957/is-the-convertible-crossover-a-thing-now |url-status=live}}{{cite web|date=2018-01-26|title=The Strange, Ugly Car That Everyone Wants |website=Bloomberg.com|url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-26/the-weird-nissan-murano-crosscabriolet-is-still-in-high-demand |access-date=2021-01-17 |archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122055036/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-26/the-weird-nissan-murano-crosscabriolet-is-still-in-high-demand |url-status=live}} Some also questioned its purpose, as the practicality that crossovers usually have did not carryover to the convertible version, since it could only have two doors and little luggage space.{{cite web|last=DeSantis |first=Gabrielle |date=2020-02-22 |title=The Nissan Murano Crosscabriolet convertible SUV |url= https://www.motorbiscuit.com/nissan-murano-crosscabriolet/|access-date=2021-01-17 |work=MotorBiscuit |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122013710/https://www.motorbiscuit.com/nissan-murano-crosscabriolet/ |url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Magliozzi |first=Ray|title=Why are there no four-door convertibles? |url= https://www.daytondailynews.com/classifieds/cars/why-are-there-four-door-convertibles/0Gz8j7ZKS33fJlubtQfSbO/ |access-date=2021-01-17 |newspaper=Dayton Daily News |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210121114659/https://www.daytondailynews.com/classifieds/cars/why-are-there-four-door-convertibles/0Gz8j7ZKS33fJlubtQfSbO/ |url-status=live}}

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Many manufacturers have capitalized on the SUV trend by offering a version of station wagons, hatchbacks, or MPVs with a raised ride height and the addition of rugged-looking accessories such as a black plastic wheel arch extension kit, body cladding, skid plates, and roof rails. Due to their raised ground clearance, these vehicles may then be marketed as more capable off-road. Some of them may also be equipped with an all-wheel-drive. This strategy has been used by manufacturers to move models upmarket or to help fill an absence in a crossover SUV segment. These vehicles have been described as pseudo-crossovers.{{cite web|last=Capparella|first=Joseph|date=2016-11-14|title=2017 Chevrolet Spark Activ Dons Pseudo-Crossover Coat—Or Maybe It's More of a Light Jacket |url= https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15344733/2017-chevrolet-spark-activ-dons-pseudo-crossover-coat-or-maybe-its-more-of-a-light-jacket|access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Car and Driver |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210128065058/https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15344733/2017-chevrolet-spark-activ-dons-pseudo-crossover-coat-or-maybe-its-more-of-a-light-jacket/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|date=2019-10-30|title=Five pseudo-SUVs that you can buy today in India: Ford Freestyle, Hyundai i20 Active and more|url= https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/five-pseudo-suvs-buy-today-india-ford-freestyle-hyundai-i20-active-maruti-celerio-x-tiago-nrg-etios-cross/1749744/|access-date=2021-01-17 |website=financialexpress.com |archive-date=24 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210124022446/https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/five-pseudo-suvs-buy-today-india-ford-freestyle-hyundai-i20-active-maruti-celerio-x-tiago-nrg-etios-cross/1749744/ |url-status=live}}

File:2016 Volkswagen Golf Alltrack TDi BlueMotion 4MOTION Front 2.0.jpg Alltrack]]

Many manufacturers have released "off-road" versions of station wagons, with larger cargo space and greater practicality,{{cite web|last=Berk|first=Brett|title=Proof That Station Wagons Are the Newest Status Symbol|url= https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/proof-station-wagons-newest-status-symbol|access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Architectural Digest|date=24 April 2018 |archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122014718/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/proof-station-wagons-newest-status-symbol |url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Why a wagon is worth considering over an SUV|url= https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-advice/why-a-wagon-is-worth-considering-over-an-suv-34803 |access-date=2021-01-17|website=carsguide.com.au |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122182536/https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-advice/why-a-wagon-is-worth-considering-over-an-suv-34803 |url-status=live}} that are marketed as more capable in soft off-road or all-weather situations due to their raised ground clearance,{{Cite web|last=Max|first=Josh|title=The Station Wagon Is Alive And Well – Here Are Five Good Ones|url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshmax/2019/08/06/the-station-wagon-is-alive-and-well--here-are-five-good-ones/ |access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Forbes |archive-date=21 January 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210121043425/https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshmax/2019/08/06/the-station-wagon-is-alive-and-well--here-are-five-good-ones/ |url-status=live}} making them a "crossover" between a station wagon and an SUV. In North America, some manufacturers sell station wagons with crossover styling due to the former's unpopularity,{{cite web|title=Better than crossover SUVs, lifted cladded wagons are practical, economical, stylish, and often have all wheel drive |url= https://www.autoblog.com/2017/11/10/crossovers-vs-cladded-lifted-wagons-comparison-opinion/ |access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Autoblog |language=en |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122054157/https://www.autoblog.com/2017/11/10/crossovers-vs-cladded-lifted-wagons-comparison-opinion/ |url-status=live}} the Subaru Outback being the most popular model.{{Cite web|last=Demandt|first=Bart|date=2020-01-22|title=US sales analysis 2019 – Midsized cars|url= https://carsalesbase.com/us-car-sales-analysis-2019-midsized-cars/|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210122180201/https://carsalesbase.com/us-car-sales-analysis-2019-midsized-cars/|archive-date=22 January 2021|access-date=2021-01-17|website=carsalesbase.com}}

An early model of off-road-styled station wagons was the Subaru Legacy Outback (later Outback) in 1994. At the time, Subaru was absent in the growing SUV segment. Lacking the finances to design a ground-up SUV, Subaru added a two-tone paint scheme, body cladding, and a suspension lift to the Legacy wagon. It was marketed as a capable and more efficient alternative to larger truck-based SUVs.{{cite news|last=Haas |first=Al |date=2008-08-02 |title=The 2010 Subaru Outback: a rugged redesign |website=Philly.com |url= http://www.philly.com/philly/classifieds/cars/20090802_The_2010_Subaru_Outback__a_rugged_redesign.html |url-status=dead|accessdate=2009-08-20 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090805081225/http://www.philly.com/philly/classifieds/cars/20090802_The_2010_Subaru_Outback__a_rugged_redesign.html|archivedate=August 5, 2009}} Another example is the Volvo V70 XC (also called V70 Cross Country), first introduced in 1999.{{cite web|date=1998|title=Volvo V70 AWD XC|url= http://www.volvocars.com/models/moz1/v70awd_xc.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/19980613152337/http://www.volvocars.com/models/moz1/v70awd_xc.shtml|archive-date=1998-06-13 |access-date=2017-07-29 |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America}}{{cite web|date=17 June 1998 |title=Volvo V70 Cross Country im Test: Dreck-Schatz |trans-title=Volvo V70 Cross Country review: Dirt treasure |url= https://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/einzeltests/volvo-v70-cross-country-im-test-dreck-schatz-767839.html |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180108141244/https://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/einzeltests/volvo-v70-cross-country-im-test-dreck-schatz-767839.html |archive-date=2018-01-08|access-date=2018-01-07 |publisher=Auto, Motor & Sport |language=de |quote=wordplay on "Dreckspatz" [litter bug]}} In 2002, the model was renamed the XC70. Audi has been making Allroad versions of their station wagons since 1999.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 June 2019|title=The New Audi A6 Allroad Quattro Was Revealed Just In Time For Its 20th Anniversary|url= https://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/the-new-audi-a6-allroad-quattro-was-revealed-just-in-time-for-its-20th-anniversary-ar185695.html#:~:text=Yes,%20two%20decades!,come%20at%20a%20better%20time. |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220219141103/https://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/the-new-audi-a6-allroad-quattro-was-revealed-just-in-time-for-its-20th-anniversary-ar185695.html#:~:text=Yes,%20two%20decades!,come%20at%20a%20better%20time.|archive-date=19 February 2022 |access-date=2021-01-17 |website=TopSpeed.com}} The Volkswagen Alltrack and Škoda Scout are equivalent variants.

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File:2021 Dacia Sandero Stepway Prestige TCE 1.0 Front.jpg supermini/subcompact hatchback (B-segment)]]

The crossover-styled variant of hatchbacks or city cars with the same body was introduced either as a substitute for or a complement to the subcompact crossover SUV. Most crossover-styled hatchbacks do not have all-wheel-drive. Forerunners of the SUV-themed hatchback are the 1983 Fiat Panda 4x4, the 1994 Outback Sport, the 1996 Toyota Starlet Remix, and the 2003 Rover Streetwise. The Volkswagen Golf Country, a conversion by Steyr-Daimler-Puch, was also sold between 1990 and 1991, and was offered with part-time four-wheel drive and off-road exterior cladding.{{cite web|date=26 June 2020|title=The Volkswagen Golf Country was an all-terrain hatchback before crossovers ruled the roads|url= https://www.hagerty.com/media/car-profiles/the-volkswagen-golf-country-was-an-all-terrain-hatchback-before-crossovers-ruled/ |work=Hagerty|access-date=12 June 2021 |archive-date=12 June 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210612062529/https://www.hagerty.com/media/car-profiles/the-volkswagen-golf-country-was-an-all-terrain-hatchback-before-crossovers-ruled/|url-status=live}}{{cite web |date=24 February 2021|title=The Volkswagen Golf Country Is A Mud-Flinging Box Of Four-Wheel Drive Fun |url= https://petrolicious.com/articles/the-volkswagen-golf-country-is-a-mud-flinging-box-of-four-wheel-drive-fun |access-date=18 July 2021 |work=Petrolicious |archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210718204713/https://petrolicious.com/articles/the-volkswagen-golf-country-is-a-mud-flinging-box-of-four-wheel-drive-fun |url-status=live}} In the 2000s, the Volkswagen CrossPolo started the modern crossover-style hatchback trend and was marketed as an SUV-like "lifestyle" vehicle.{{cite web|title=Full Details: VW CrossPolo Premiere|url= https://www.autoblog.com/2005/11/25/full-details-vw-crosspolo-premiere/|access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Autoblog |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210124073636/https://www.autoblog.com/2005/11/25/full-details-vw-crosspolo-premiere/ |url-status=live}} The Dacia/Renault Sandero Stepway, the crossover-style version of the Sandero launched in 2009, is an example of a well-received crossover-style hatchback, making up 65% of Sandero sales.{{cite web|title=DACIA Sandero Stepway models and generations timeline, specs and pictures (by year) – autoevolution|url= https://www.autoevolution.com/dacia/sandero-stepway/ |access-date=2021-01-17 |website=autoevolution.com|archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210121043202/https://www.autoevolution.com/dacia/sandero-stepway/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Dacia Sandero Stepway (2013–present)|url= https://www.buyacar.co.uk/dacia/sandero-stepway/sandero-stepway-hatchback/1332/dacia-sandero-stepway-2013-present |access-date=2021-01-17 |website=buyacar.co.uk |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210120124823/https://www.buyacar.co.uk/dacia/sandero-stepway/sandero-stepway-hatchback/1332/dacia-sandero-stepway-2013-present |url-status=live}}

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File:VW CrossTouran 1.4 TSI Reflexsilber.JPG]]

One of the first MPVs with a crossover-style variant was the Renault Scénic RX4, introduced in 2000. It featured a lifted ride height, rugged body cladding, tailgate-mounted spare wheel, and optional part-time four-wheel-drive.{{cite web|date=2018-08-10|title=The Renault Scenic RX4... -Like a 4x4. Ish |url= https://not2grand.co.uk/not-2-grand-cars/the-renault-scenic-rx4/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=not2grand.co.uk |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210410191546/https://not2grand.co.uk/not-2-grand-cars/the-renault-scenic-rx4/|url-status=live}} Another example is the Volkswagen CrossTouran, launched in 2006 as a lifted version of the Touran and marketed as a "lifestyle" vehicle.{{cite web|title=Volkswagen's CrossTouran lifestyle van |url= https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1028325_volkswagens-crosstouran-lifestyle-van|access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Motor Authority |archive-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210123163136/https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1028325_volkswagens-crosstouran-lifestyle-van |url-status=live}} Apart from crossover-style variants equipped with exterior accessories, due to the increasing crossover market shares, many manufacturers began developing MPVs from the ground up with crossover characteristics – and often marketed them either purely as an MPV or as a "crossover MPV" – such as the 5th generation of Renault Espace.

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File:Toyota CROWN CROSSOVER G"Advanced" (6AA-AZSH35-AEXMB(F)) (3).jpg]]

{{See also|Coupe SUV}}

The innovative unibody all-wheel drive AMC Eagle was available in two- and four-door sedan versions when introduced in 1979.{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Thom |title=Can We Agree This Was the First American Crossover SUV? |url= https://www.motorbiscuit.com/agree-this-was-first-american-crossover-suv/ |publisher=MotorBiscuit |date=3 April 2022 |access-date=21 December 2022}}{{cite web |last1=Stocksdale |first1=Joel |title=Unique and memorable AMC Eagle was a pioneer |url= https://www.hagerty.com/media/car-profiles/amc-eagle/ |work=Hagerty |date=25 June 2013 |access-date=21 December 2022}}

Some examples of sedans with crossover characteristics are the Subaru Legacy SUS (short for "Sport Utility Sedan"),{{cite web|last=Saur |first=Brendan |title=CC Outtake: 1999 Subaru Legacy Outback SUS Limited 30th Anniversary Edition – Now That's A Mouthful |date=24 March 2016 |url= https://www.curbsideclassic.com/blog/cc-follow-up/cc-outtake-1999-subaru-legacy-outback-sus-limited-30th-anniversary-edition-now-thats-a-mouthful/ |access-date=17 January 2021 |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210118222241/https://www.curbsideclassic.com/blog/cc-follow-up/cc-outtake-1999-subaru-legacy-outback-sus-limited-30th-anniversary-edition-now-thats-a-mouthful/ |url-status=live}} Volvo S60 Cross Country,{{cite press release|title=Volvo Cars takes Cross Country brand into sedan territory |url= https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/155230/volvo-cars-takes-cross-country-brand-into-sedan-territory |access-date=2021-01-17 |website=media.volvocars.com |language=en-us |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210124040647/https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/155230/volvo-cars-takes-cross-country-brand-into-sedan-territory |url-status=live}} Polestar 2, Toyota Crown Crossover, Citroën C4 X{{cite web |last=Padeanu |first=Adrian |date=2022-06-29 |title=Citroen C4 X Debuts As High-Riding Fastback Because Sedans And Wagons Are Old Fashioned |url= https://www.motor1.com/news/595069/citroen-c4-x-reveal-specs/ |website=Motor1.com |access-date=2022-06-29}} and C3L in China,{{cite web|last=|first=|date=May 2020|title=Citroën's Oddly-Shaped C3L Is A Crossover-Derived Sedan Exclusive For China|url= https://www.carscoops.com/2020/05/citroens-oddly-shaped-c3l-is-a-crossover-derived-sedan-exclusive-for-china/ |url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220219141106/https://www.carscoops.com/2020/05/citroens-oddly-shaped-c3l-is-a-crossover-derived-sedan-exclusive-for-china/ |archive-date=19 February 2022|access-date=2021-01-17 |work=Carscoops}} Renault/Dacia Logan Stepway and the Qoros 3 GT.{{cite web|url = https://carnewschina.com/2016/09/22/new-photos-of-the-qoros-gt-crossover-sedan-for-china/|title = New Photos of the Qoros GT Crossover Sedan for China|date = 22 September 2016 |access-date=18 January 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190410111654/https://carnewschina.com/2016/09/22/new-photos-of-the-qoros-gt-crossover-sedan-for-china/ |url-status = live}}

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Since the early 2010s, sales of crossover-type vehicles have been increasing in Europe.{{cite web |last=Schmitt |first=Bertel |title=European Class Struggle: SUV-Crossovers De-class Golf-Class, Emissions Edge Up |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/bertelschmitt/2017/03/03/european-class-struggle-suv-crossovers-de-class-golf-class-emissions-edge-up/#67b2bf791543 |work=Forbes |date=3 March 2017 |access-date=11 December 2018 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173504/https://www.forbes.com/sites/bertelschmitt/2017/03/03/european-class-struggle-suv-crossovers-de-class-golf-class-emissions-edge-up/#67b2bf791543 |url-status=live }} By 2017, European sales of compact and mid-sized crossover models continued to surge.{{cite web |last=Demandt |first=Bart |title=European sales 2017 compact & midsized crossover segments |url= http://carsalesbase.com/european-sales-2017-compact-midsized-crossover-segments/ |website=carsalesbase.com |date=16 February 2018 |access-date=11 December 2018 |archive-date=21 February 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180221220155/http://carsalesbase.com/european-sales-2017-compact-midsized-crossover-segments/ |url-status=live }} Analysis of the European new car market by data firm JATO Dynamics reveals that SUVs which mostly consisted of crossovers took almost 40% of the market in 2019, with the crossover segment being a key driver of growth for volume and profits.{{cite web|date=2020-02-19 |title=SUVs took almost 40% of Europe's car market in 2019 |url= https://www.just-auto.com/news/suvs-took-almost-40-of-europes-car-market-in-2019/ |access-date=2022-02-03 |work=Just Auto |language=en-US |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220219141103/https://www.just-auto.com/news/suvs-took-almost-40-of-europes-car-market-in-2019/ |url-status=live}}

Sales of crossovers increased by 30% between 2003 and 2005.{{cite news |title= GM and Ford's New Cross to Bear |work= CNN Money |first= Chris |last= Isidore |date= 9 January 2006 |url= https://money.cnn.com/2006/01/09/Autos/detroit_crossovers/index.htm |access-date= 27 July 2015 |archive-date=24 March 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024805/http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/09/Autos/detroit_crossovers/index.htm |url-status= live }} By 2006, the segment came into strong visibility in the U.S., when crossover sales "made up more than 50% of the overall SUV market".{{cite news |title=Crossover vehicles pass up SUVs on road to growing sales |newspaper=USA Today |date=3 May 2006 |first=Sharon Silke |last=Carty |url= http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/autos/2006-05-03-crossover-usat_x.htm |access-date=27 July 2015 |archive-date=16 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160316230333/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/autos/2006-05-03-crossover-usat_x.htm |url-status=live }} Sales increased in 2007 by 16%.{{cite web |title=Crossover Market Is Thinly Sliced |first=Joseph B. |last=White |work=The Wall Street Journal Blogs |date=14 January 2008 |url= https://blogs.wsj.com/autoshow/2008/01/14/crossover-market-is-thinly-sliced/ |access-date=27 July 2015 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150906105043/http://blogs.wsj.com/autoshow/2008/01/14/crossover-market-is-thinly-sliced/ |url-status=live }} In 2013, the Audi Q5 became Audi's second best-selling vehicle in the United States market after the Audi A4 sedan.{{cite web |url= http://www.caranddriver.com/comparisons/2013-bmw-x3-xdrive28i-vs-2013-audi-q5-20t-2013-land-rover-range-rover-evoque-comparison-test |title=2013 BMW X3 xDrive28i vs. 2013 Audi Q5 2.0T, 2013 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque |date=February 2013 |first=Daniel |last=Pund |work=Car and Driver |access-date=27 July 2015 |archive-date=4 August 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150804145252/http://www.caranddriver.com/comparisons/2013-bmw-x3-xdrive28i-vs-2013-audi-q5-20t-2013-land-rover-range-rover-evoque-comparison-test |url-status=live }} Between the late 1990s and 2012, around half of Lexus's sales came from its SUVs.{{cite web|url= https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2011/autos/1112/gallery.most-disliked-cars.fortune/7.html |title=The most disliked cars of 2011 |first=Alex |last=Taylor III |date=19 December 2011 |work=CNN |access-date=27 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120426163936/https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2011/autos/1112/gallery.most-disliked-cars.fortune/7.html |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}

American manufacturers were initially slow to switch from their emphasis on light truck-based SUVs, and foreign automakers developed crossovers targeting the U.S. market as an alternative to station wagons that were unpopular there. By the early 2000s, American car manufacturers had caught up.

The crossover segment has been the fastest-growing category in China's passenger car market since the early 2010s.{{Cite web |title=China Automobile: Sales: PC: SUV {{!}} Economic Indicators {{!}} CEIC |url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/automobile-sales-annual/automobile-sales-pc-suv |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=www.ceicdata.com}} From 2011 to 2021, the market share of crossovers in China's passenger vehicle sales surged by nearly 35 percentage points, rising from approximately 13% in 2011 to 47.89% in 2021.{{Cite web |title=SUV market share in China 2021 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/245486/suvs-share-in-chinas-passenger-car-market/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Statista |language=en}} A 2017 survey by Mintel indicated that Chinese consumers were willing to pay a premium for SUVs, with the median first-time buyer spending RMB 205,000.{{Cite web |title=SUVs are popular among Chinese car consumers |url=https://www.mintel.com/press-centre/suvs-are-popular-among-chinese-car-consumers/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=www.mintel.com |language=en-GB}}

By 2023, several crossover models dominated the list of overall best-selling vehicles in China. The Tesla Model Y emerged as the best-selling car across all segments. Other popular crossover models included the BYD Song Plus and Yuan Plus, which ranked 4th and 5th respectively, and the Haval H6, which took the 10th spot.{{Cite web |title=China - Flash report, Automotive sales volume, 2023 - MarkLines Automotive Industry Portal |url=https://www.marklines.com/en/statistics/flash_sales/automotive-sales-in-china-by-month-2023 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=www.marklines.com}} In 2023, Land Rover experienced significant growth in the Chinese market. Combined sales of the Range Rover and Range Rover Sport surpassed 25,000 units, representing a 31% year-over-year increase, whilst sales of the Land Rover Discovery grew by 14% year-over-year.{{Cite web |title=Jaguar Land Rover’s China retail sales jump 25% YoY in 2023 |url=https://autonews.gasgoo.com/m/70030601.html |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=autonews.gasgoo.com}}

See {{Category link|Crossover sport utility vehicles|count=yes}}

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{{Automobile configuration}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Automotive design