High-speed rail in India#Semi-high speed systems progress

File:682 IndiaDelhiMuseum 19931226.jpg steam locomotives reached speeds of {{cvt|100|kph|abbr=on}} in 1947]]

The history of the Indian Railway began in 1832 with the proposal to construct the first railway line in India at Madras. In 1837, the first train ran on Red Hill railway line between Red Hills and Chintadripet in Madras and was hauled by a rotary steam engine imported from England.{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/Heritage/2021/PDF/3%20Presentation%20Shradha%20Arora%20IRICEN%202019.pdf|title=Understanding Indian Railway Heritage|publisher=Indian Railways|page=6|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=26 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226101121/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/Heritage/2021/PDF/3%20Presentation%20Shradha%20Arora%20IRICEN%202019.pdf|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/apr/16/chennai-the-track-record-1801999.html|title=Chennai: The track record|date=16 April 2018|newspaper=New Indian Express|access-date=9 August 2023|archive-date=12 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812065026/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2018/apr/16/chennai-the-track-record-1801999.html|url-status=live}} In 1853, the first passenger train ran between Bombay and Thane which covered a distance of {{cvt|54|km|abbr=on}} in 57 minutes, averaging a speed of {{cvt|57|kph|abbr=on}}.{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/indias-1st-train-when-sahib-sindh-sultan-blew-steam/articleshow/19717248.cms?from=mdr|title=When India's first train blew steam|date=25 April 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=8 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108072256/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/indias-1st-train-when-sahib-sindh-sultan-blew-steam/articleshow/19717248.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}} Earlier trains ran using steam locomotives, where barely reached speeds of {{cvt|90|kph|abbr=on}}. With the introduction of WP class locomotives in 1947, speeds of {{cvt|100|kph|abbr=on}} were operated commercially.{{cite web|url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/high-speed-evolution.html|title=Evolution of High-Speed Haulage on Indian Railways|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=1 December 2023|year=2015|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404041950/https://www.irfca.org/docs/high-speed-evolution.html|url-status=live}} While the first electric train ran in Bombay in 1925 on DC traction, WCP-1 class electric locomotives were introduced in 1928, capable of speeds of up to {{cvt|137|kph|abbr=on}}, though trains operated at lower speed.{{cite report|url=https://secr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1596785062728-Locomotive_comp.pdf|title=Evolution of Electric Locomotives|publisher=Indian Railways|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=15 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315030913/https://secr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1596785062728-Locomotive_comp.pdf|url-status=live}}{{cite journal|first=Jakob|last=Buchli|journal=Schweizerische Bauzeitung|title=Universal-Antrieb "Winterthur" für elektrische Lokomotiven|volume=90|issue=23|year=1927|at=pp. 294–296|language=de|doi=10.5169/seals-41817}} WDM-1, the first diesel locomotive introduced in 1957 was capable of speeds of up to {{cvt|104|kph|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/loco_classes|title=Loco classes|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205154538/https://www.irfca.org/apps/loco_classes|url-status=live}} In 1957, Indian Railways adopted 25 kV 50 Hz AC traction with the first runs beginning in December 1959 with the WAM-1 locomotives, capable of reaching speeds of up to {{cvt|112|kph|abbr=on}}.{{cite report|url=https://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Analysis/Elect_Tr_history.htm|title=Electrification history|publisher=Indian Railways|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=9 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609072045/http://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Analysis/Elect_Tr_history.htm|url-status=dead}}

File:WAP1_^22076_Aastha_of_GZB_waiting_for_its_scheduled_departure_with_Agra_bound_ICE_at_LJN_-_Flickr_-_Dr._Santulan_Mahanta.jpg electric locomotives reached a speed of {{cvt|130|kph|abbr=on}} in 1980]]

In 1960, the Railway Board of India commissioned a study to increase the speed of its trains, which was restricted to {{cvt|96|kph}} on the existent broad gauge lines.{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/railways-golden-girl-50-years-of-the-rajdhani/story-YycT0iir0GObqjuCUqrhKL.html|title=Railways golden girl: 50 years of the Rajdhani story|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=9 March 2019|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106142048/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/railways-golden-girl-50-years-of-the-rajdhani/story-YycT0iir0GObqjuCUqrhKL.html|url-status=live}} A target of {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}} with an intermediate stage of {{cvt|120|kph}} was set for passenger trains. Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) started work on the same in 1962 with field trials commencing in 1967. The coaches were manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory at Madras and hauled by diesel locomotives. On 19 February 1969, the Government of India announced the introduction of a new express train capable of reaching speeds of up to {{cvt|120|kph}} in the railway budget.{{cite report|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1969-70.pdf|title=Railway Budget of 1969–70|publisher=Indian Railways|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=15 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415063519/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1969-70.pdf|url-status=live}} On 1 March 1969, the first Rajdhani Express was flagged off from New Delhi to Howrah, which reached a maximum speed of {{cvt|120|kph|abbr=on}} and completed the {{cvt|1450|km}} trip in 17 hours 20 minutes at an average speed of {{cvt|84|kph|abbr=on}}.{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-loses-last-connect-to-first-rajdhani/articleshow/52386071.cms|title=Kolkata loses last connect to first Rajdhani|date=22 May 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106172924/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-loses-last-connect-to-first-rajdhani/articleshow/52386071.cms|url-status=live}}

In 1980, the WAP-1 electric locomotives reached a speed of {{cvt|130|kph|abbr=on}}.{{cite press release|url=https://secr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1596785062728-Locomotive_comp.pdf|title=WAP-1 locomotive|publisher=Government of India|date=9 October 1989|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=15 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315030913/https://secr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1596785062728-Locomotive_comp.pdf|url-status=live}} Shatabdi Express introduced in 1988, were capable of running at a maximum speed of {{cvt|130|kph}}.{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shatabdi-is-the-heart-of-indian-railways/articleshow/20505432.cms?from=mdr|newspaper=The Times of India|title='Shatabdi is the heart of Indian railways'|access-date=1 December 2023|date=30 May 2014|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111134912/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/shatabdi-is-the-heart-of-indian-railways/articleshow/20505432.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/trains-faster-than-rajdhani-shatabdi-on-the-cards/next-gen-trains/slideshow/62615006.cms|title=Trains faster than Rajdhani, Shatabdi on the cards|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=23 January 2018|access-date=5 November 2022|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105093109/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/trains-faster-than-rajdhani-shatabdi-on-the-cards/next-gen-trains/slideshow/62615006.cms|url-status=live}} WAP-5 class locomotives, initially imported from ABB in 1995 and later manufactured at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works in India, reached {{cvt|184|kph|abbr=on}} in trials. The locomotive later set an Indian speed record by hauling a train between Delhi and Agra at a speed of {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}} in 2014.{{cite news|title=200 km in 90 mins: Delhi-Agra high speed train sets new speed record|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-03/news/51057656_1_speed-record-fastest-train-passenger-train|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707064334/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-03/news/51057656_1_speed-record-fastest-train-passenger-train|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2014|access-date=10 July 2014|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=3 July 2014}} In December 2009, the Ministry of Railways of Government of India envisaged the implementation of regional high-speed rail projects to provide services at {{cvt|250–350|kph|abbr=on}}, and planning for corridors connecting commercial, tourist, and pilgrimage hubs.{{cite report|date=18 December 2009|title=Indian Railways: Vision 2020|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/infra/downloads/VISION_2020_Eng_SUBMITTED_TO_PARLIAMENT.pdf|access-date=29 November 2014|publisher=Indian Railways|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220915/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/infra/downloads/VISION_2020_Eng_SUBMITTED_TO_PARLIAMENT.pdf|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=India getting ready for bullet trains|newspaper=Central Chronicle|url=http://www.centralchronicle.com/viewnews.asp?articleID=23851|date=18 December 2009|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717050836/http://www.centralchronicle.com/viewnews.asp?articleID=23851|archive-date=17 July 2011}} On 25 July 2013, Government of India established the High Speed Rail Corporation under Rail Vikas Nigam (RVNL) for the implementation of high-speed rail corridor projects.{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-27/news/36564456_1_high-speed-rail-high-speed-trains-first-bullet-train|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801140940/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-27/news/36564456_1_high-speed-rail-high-speed-trains-first-bullet-train|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 August 2013|title=Indian Railways finally moving on its dream project – high-speed trains|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=27 January 2013|access-date=1 December 2023}} In 2014, the Diamond Quadrilateral high speed rail project, which would connect the cities of Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai via high-speed rail was approved by the government.{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/diamond-quadrilateral-of-high-speed-trains/|title=Diamond quadrilateral of high-speed trains|newspaper=Indian Express|date=10 June 2014|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404122854/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/diamond-quadrilateral-of-high-speed-trains/|url-status=live}}

File:Vande_Bharat_Express_around_Mumbai.jpg built by ICF, is the fastest in India]]

In April 2016, the WAP-5 hauled Gatimaan Express became the fastest commercial train in India, with a maximum operational speed of {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}}.{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhiagra-semihigh-speed-train-to-be-named-gatimaan-express/article6493500.ece|title=Train to be named Gatimaan Express|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=1 December 2023|date=5 April 2016|archive-date=24 November 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141124185353/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhiagra-semihigh-speed-train-to-be-named-gatimaan-express/article6493500.ece|url-status=live}} In 2018, a modified WAP-5A locomotive, capable of speeds up to {{cvt|200|kph|abbr=on|round=5}} was rolled out.{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/make-in-india-speed-boost-for-indian-railways-gets-first-200-kmph-capable-aerodynamic-electric-locomotive/1374602/|title= 'Make in India' speed boost for Indian Railways! Gets first 200 kmph capable aerodynamic electric locomotive|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=Financial Express|date=6 November 2018}} HSRC was renamed as National High Speed Rail Corporation (NHSRC) in 2016. NHSRC identified eight corridors for the development of high speed railway.{{cite report|url=https://nhsrcl.in/sites/default/files/2021-12/Journey.pdf|title=Journey of High speed rail|publisher=National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited|access-date=1 December 2023}}{{cite news|date=21 September 2020|title=Wow! Indian Railways eyes 7 more bullet train corridors; all will be open to PPP investments|work=The Financial Express|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/wow-indian-railways-eyes-7-more-bullet-train-corridors-all-will-be-open-to-ppp-investments/2086517/|access-date=21 September 2020|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922161053/https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/wow-indian-railways-eyes-7-more-bullet-train-corridors-all-will-be-open-to-ppp-investments/2086517/|url-status=live}} Construction of the Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, India's first high-speed rail corridor started in 2021 and is expected to be operational by 2028.

In 2018, Integral Coach Factory in Chennai, rolled out a semi-high-speed EMU train-set, capable of reaching {{cvt|180|kph|0|abbr=on}}.{{cite news|date=20 February 2017|title=Indian Railways to roll out 'Make in India' 160 kmph self-propelled 'world-class' train sets at half the cost of import!|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/indian-railways-to-roll-out-make-in-india-160-kmph-self-propelled-world-class-train-sets-at-half-the-cost-of-imports/558791/|access-date=20 May 2023|newspaper=The Financial Express|archive-date=20 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520143845/https://www.railrestro.com/india-news/indian-railways-to-roll-out-make-in-india-160-kmph-self-propelled-world-class-train-sets-at-half-the-cost-of-imports/558791/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|date=29 October 2018|title=Train 18: Country's first engine-less train rolled out; Train 20 next|newspaper=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/train-18-countrys-first-engine-less-train-rolled-out-train-20-next/articleshow/66419774.cms|access-date=20 May 2023|issn=0013-0389|archive-date=5 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160418/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/train-18-countrys-first-engine-less-train-rolled-out-train-20-next/articleshow/66419774.cms|url-status=live}} In 2019, the first Vande Bharat Express entered commercial service with a maximum operational speed of {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}}. The actual operating speed was much lower due to track restrictions and congestion with top speeds restricted to {{cvt|130|kph|abbr=on}} for most trains.{{cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=7 February 2019|title=Train 18: PM Modi to flag off Vande Bharat Express on February 15 from New Delhi|newspaper=Business Today|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/train-18-pm-modi-to-flag-off-vande-bharat-express-on-february-15-from-new-delhi/story/317978.html|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207131914/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/train-18-pm-modi-to-flag-off-vande-bharat-express-on-february-15-from-new-delhi/story/317978.html|url-status=live}} In October 2023, Namo Bharat, built for RapidX by Alstom was launched and is capable of reaching speeds of up to {{cvt|180|kph|0|abbr=on}}.{{cite news|date=20 October 2023|title=PM Modi flags off 'RapidX', India's first regional rapid rail service; all you need to know|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/pm-modi-flags-off-namo-bharat-indias-first-regional-rapid-train-service-402728-2023-10-20|access-date=23 October 2023|work=Business Today|archive-date=23 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023191544/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/pm-modi-flags-off-namo-bharat-indias-first-regional-rapid-train-service-402728-2023-10-20|url-status=live}} In December 2023, two modified WAP-5 locomotives were used to haul the Amrit Bharat train-set in a push-pull configuration, capable of reaching speeds of up to {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}}.{{cite news|last=Nigam|first=Saumya|date=27 December 2023|title=Amrit Bharat Express to launch with Push-Pull technology and other exciting features|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/explainers/amrit-bharat-express-to-launch-with-push-pull-technology-and-other-exciting-features-details-2023-12-27-909203|access-date=28 December 2023|work=India TV|language=en}}{{cite news|date=30 October 2023|title=Vande Sadharan train: All you need to know; How it is different from Vande Bharat train?|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/vande-sadharan-train-all-you-need-to-know-how-it-is-different-from-vande-bharat-train-403792-2023-10-30|access-date=30 December 2023|work=Business Today|archive-date=20 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220092445/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/vande-sadharan-train-all-you-need-to-know-how-it-is-different-from-vande-bharat-train-403792-2023-10-30|url-status=live}}

In June 2024, the Indian Government announced that rather than purchase the now legacy E5 Series Shinkansen sets, contracted, in 2016, for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail corridor, its own, government owned, Integral Coach Factory and BEML, would produce a pair of standard gauge trains, capable of a maximum operational speed of {{cvt|250|kph|abbr=on}}, for the line.{{Cite web |last=Taparia |first=Vidhi |date=2024-10-15 |title=BEML to make India's first indigenous bullet trains; delivery by 2026 |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/macro/beml-to-make-indias-first-indigenous-bullet-trains-delivery-by-2026/118806 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Fortune India |language=en}} The first prototype is expected to be delivered in December 2026.{{Cite web |title=India’s First Bullet Train Prototype To Be Built At BEML’s Bengaluru Plant |url=https://www.news18.com/auto/indias-first-bullet-train-prototype-to-be-built-at-bemls-bengaluru-plant-ws-l-aa-9357848.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=News18 |language=en}}

In April 2025, it was reported that Japan will gift India two retired engineering train sets, one, 2011, E5 - (Doctor Yellow), and the, 2001, E3 - Class E926 Shinkansen, to help test and inspect the under-construction Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail corridor.{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Vasudha |date=16 April 2025 |title=Japan to gift Shinkansen E5, E3 series for India's bullet train project |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/japan-gifts-shinkansen-e5-e3-series-india-mumbai-ahmedabad-bullet-train-125041600145_1.html |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=Business Standard}} The two train sets are to be delivered in 2026, to aid the 2027-2028 commissioning of the line. The gifted Doctor Yellow will have a maximum operational speed of {{cvt|285|kph|abbr=on}}. It was also reported that the Indian Government has a desire to purchase E10 Series Shinkansen for the corridor.{{Cite web |last=MANDAL |first=VISHNU |date=2025-04-16 |title=India-Japan Deal: Free Shinkansen Trains, E10 Bullet Trains to Power Mumbai-Ahmedabad Rail by 2030s |url=https://newstapone.com/2025/04/16/india-japan-deal-free-shinkansen-trains-e10-bullet-trains-to-power-mumbai-ahmedabad-rail-by-2030s/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=News Tap One |language=en-US}}

According to the Ministry of Railways, a route where train can operate between {{cvt|160-200|kph|abbr=on|round=5}} is considered as a higher speed or semi-high speed rail line, while the routes operating at less than {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}} are considered to be conventional rail lines.{{cite report|title=Railway Minister Launches High Speed Rail Corporation of India Limited (HSRC)|url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/EngCode/chapter-ii.htm|publisher=Indian Railways|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205154547/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/EngCode/chapter-ii.htm|url-status=live}}{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=100308|title=Railway Minister Launches High Speed Rail Corporation of India Limited (HSRC)|date=29 October 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=Government of India}} According to the International Union of Railways (IUC), a commercial speed of over {{cvt|250|kph|abbr=on|round=5}} for a newly built line or {{cvt|200|kph|abbr=on|round=5}} for an upgraded line is considered to be high-speed.{{cite web|url=https://www.uic.org/com/enews/nr/596-high-speed/article/the-definition-of-high-speed-rail?page=thickbox_enews|title=Definition of High-Speed Rail|publisher=International Union of Railways|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=11 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111134912/https://www.uic.org/com/enews/nr/596-high-speed/article/the-definition-of-high-speed-rail?page=thickbox_enews|url-status=live}}{{updated|8 April 2024}}
{{legend inline|yellow|Under Construction}}

{{See|List of high-speed railway lines in India}}

File:High-speed rail map of India.svg

As of 2023, India does not have any operational high-speed tracks. In 2016, Ministry of Railways envisaged to have top speeds of {{cvt|300–350|kph|abbr=on}} with trains running on elevated corridors to isolate high-speed train tracks to prevent trespassing. Multiple feasibility studies have been done and probable routes have been identified.{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalturk.com/en/india-japan-sign-mou-for-feasibility-study-of-high-speed-railway-system-in-india-43654/|title=India, Japan sign MoU for feasibility study of high speed railway system in India|date=9 October 2013|access-date=1 December 2023|work=Nationalturk}}{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-ahmedabad-bullet-train-chinese-team-visits-cst/|title=Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train? Chinese team visits CST|newspaper=Indian Express|date=16 September 2014|access-date=1 December 2023}} In 2017, a {{cvt|508|km|abbr=on}} standard gauge line between Mumbai and Ahmedabad was approved for construction and is expected to be operational by 2028.

{{static row numbers}}

;Diamond Quadrilateral

File:Potential Diamond Quadrilateral HSR route map.JPG]]

In 2014, the Diamond Quadrilateral high-speed rail network project was launched by Government of India and is envisioned to connect the four major metro cities of India namely: Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai.{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/focus-on-diamond-quadrilateral/article6105076.ece|title=Focus on diamond quadrilateral|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 June 2014|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=15 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415231228/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/focus-on-diamond-quadrilateral/article6105076.ece|url-status=live}}{{cite report|title=Address by The President of India to the Joint sitting of Parliament 2014|url=http://www.pmindia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf|access-date=9 June 2014|publisher=Government of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225448/http://www.pmindia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014 }}

;Super high-speed rail

In 2016, Indian Railways explored the possibility of maglev trains to implement an over-{{convert|500|km/h|adj=on}} speed rail system.{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mission-350-plus-railways-to-explore-levitation-technology-1452948|title=Mission 350 Plus: Railways To Explore Levitation Technology|work=NDTV|access-date=1 December 2023|date=2 January 2017|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404121943/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mission-350-plus-railways-to-explore-levitation-technology-1452948|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/esij3zFX7jhbmhMQIzjXIO/Indian-Railways-moves-ahead-on-Maglev-trains-project.html|title=Indian Railways moves ahead on Maglev trains project|last=Lohumi|first=Manasi|date=28 November 2016|work=Mint|access-date=12 July 2017}} In February 2019, a train model based upon the same was unveiled by Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology capable of speeds of up to {{cvt|600|kph|abbr=on}}.{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Pramod|date=25 February 2019|title=RRCAT scientists develop model of Maglev Train which runs at 600 km/h|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/rrcat-scientists-develop-model-of-maglev-train-which-runs-at-600kmph-2183352.html|newspaper=Zee News|access-date=21 December 2020|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513011243/https://zeenews.india.com/india/rrcat-scientists-develop-model-of-maglev-train-which-runs-at-600kmph-2183352.html|url-status=live}} In September 2020, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited signed a pact with SwissRapide AG for the implementation of MagLev metro systems in India.{{cite news|location=New Delhi|date=16 September 2020|title=BHEL, SwissRapide AG in pact to bring Maglev trains to India|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/business/bhel-swissrapide-ag-in-pact-to-bring-maglev-trains-to-india-142387|newspaper=The Tribune|access-date=21 December 2020|archive-date=12 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112095630/https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/business/bhel-swissrapide-ag-in-pact-to-bring-maglev-trains-to-india-142387|url-status=live}}

While there are no operational hyperloop systems in the world, testing has been done and a few routes have been proposed.{{cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/2/16084154/hyperloop-one-test-size-speed-loop-elon-musk|title=A real hyperloop is almost here – and it's not what Elon Musk envisioned|last=Brandom|first=Russell|date=2 August 2017|work=The Verge|access-date=4 May 2019|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504182714/https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/2/16084154/hyperloop-one-test-size-speed-loop-elon-musk|url-status=live}} Hyperloop One submitted a detailed project report in January 2018 for Mumbai to Pune.{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/pune-mumbai-in-14-minutes-firm-s-project-report-says-hyperloop-transport-system-feasible/story-4ozZL3Zv5XkDS6yTYts8cO.html|title=Pune-Mumbai in 14 minutes: Firm's project report says Hyperloop transport system feasible|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=9 January 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=25 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205439/https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/pune-mumbai-in-14-minutes-firm-s-project-report-says-hyperloop-transport-system-feasible/story-4ozZL3Zv5XkDS6yTYts8cO.html|url-status=live}} Virgin Hyperloop signed a MoU with Government of Punjab in 2019 for building a rail to cover total {{cvt|226|km|abbr=on}} distance between Amritsar and Chandigarh.{{cite web|url=https://virginhyperloop.com/project/punjab|title=Virgin Hyperloop Punjab|access-date=21 April 2022|publisher=Virgin Hyperloop|archive-date=6 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106051323/https://virginhyperloop.com/project/punjab|url-status=dead}} Hyperloop One signed a MoU with Government of Karnataka to conduct a feasibility study on the Bengaluru-Chennai route in 2017.{{cite news|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/bengaluru-to-chennai-in-20-mins-karnataka-ropes-in-hyperloop-one-for-feasibility-study-2440653.html|title=Bengaluru to Chennai in 20 mins? Karnataka ropes in Hyperloop One for feasibility study|date=16 November 2017|work=Moneycontrol|access-date=25 February 2018|archive-date=16 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616130349/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/bengaluru-to-chennai-in-20-mins-karnataka-ropes-in-hyperloop-one-for-feasibility-study-2440653.html|url-status=live}} Zeleros proposed a vision for a hyperloop network in India by 2050, connecting main cities.{{cite web|date=4 October 2021|title=Vision for hyperloop in India 2050|url=https://zeleros.com/vision-for-hyperloop-in-india-2050/|access-date=12 January 2024|publisher=Zeleros|archive-date=12 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112093617/https://zeleros.com/vision-for-hyperloop-in-india-2050/|url-status=live}}

A {{cvt|174|km|abbr=on}} segment of track in the Tughlakabad{{ndash}}Agra Cantonment section supports semi-high speeds of up to {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}}.{{cite news|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/vande-bharat-express-trains-running-at-average-speed-of-83-kmph-against-permissible-limit-of-130-kmph-reveals-rti-reply-filed-in-mp|title=Vande Bharat Express trains running at average speed of 83 kph against permissible limit of 130 kph, reveals RTI reply filed in MP|work=Free Press Journal|date=17 April 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=4 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904150837/https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/vande-bharat-express-trains-running-at-average-speed-of-83-kmph-against-permissible-limit-of-130-kmph-reveals-rti-reply-filed-in-mp|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/vande-bharat-express-trains-running-at-average-speed-of-83-kmph-against-permissible-limit-of-130-kmph-reveals-rti-reply-filed-in-mp|title=Vande Bharat Express trains running at average speed of 83 kph against permissible limit of 130 kph, reveals RTI reply filed in MP|work=Free Press Journal|date=17 April 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=4 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904150837/https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/vande-bharat-express-trains-running-at-average-speed-of-83-kmph-against-permissible-limit-of-130-kmph-reveals-rti-reply-filed-in-mp|url-status=live}} {{as of|2023}}, the maximum operational speed of {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}} is achieved by Gatimaan Express and Vande Bharat Express on the above section.{{cite news|last=Soni|first=Anusha|date=4 July 2014|title=Railways completes pilot project for semi-high-speed train|newspaper=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/railways-completes-pilot-project-for-semi-high-speed-train-114070400107_1.html|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119230126/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/railways-completes-pilot-project-for-semi-high-speed-train-114070400107_1.html|url-status=live}}{{cite news|date=30 September 2022|title=New Vande Bharat Express flagged off by PM. Know routes, timings, other details|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/new-vande-bharat-express-launched-by-pm-narendra-modi-know-routes-timings-other-details-11664515160424.html|access-date=1 October 2022|work=Mint|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930060938/http://www.livemint.com/news/india/new-vande-bharat-express-launched-by-pm-narendra-modi-know-routes-timings-other-details-11664515160424.html|url-status=live}}

;Track upgrades

In 2009, Indian Railways envisioned a plan to increase the speed of passenger trains to {{cvt|160-200|kph|abbr=on|round=5}} on dedicated conventional tracks and improve the existing conventional lines on {{Track gauge|1676mm|lk=on}} Broad gauge to handle speeds of up to {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}}. Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India has built dedicated freight corridors across India to divert cargo traffic from the passenger railway tracks, thus helping increase the operational speed of the passenger trains to {{cvt|160|kph|abbr=on|round=10}}.{{cite report|title=DFC as revolutionary as the Golden Quadrilateral|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/Railways%20report%20-%208%20Jan%202016.pdf|access-date=13 September 2016|publisher=Indian Railways|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306090559/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/Railways%20report%20-%208%20Jan%202016.pdf|url-status=live}}

{{static row numbers}}

;New tracks

RapidX system operating on 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Standard gauge tracks and capable of supporting speeds of up to {{cvt|180|kph|0|abbr=on}}, became operational with the partial opening of Delhi–Meerut line in 2023.{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1969356|title=PM launches India's first Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh|date=20 October 2023|publisher=Government of India|access-date=1 December 2023}}

{{static row numbers}}

For high-speed rail, the Indian railways will construct bullet train assembly facilities on a public-private participation (PPP) model. As per NHSRCL, Japanese companies will set up manufacturing facilities in India to build the parts for bullet train sets.{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/make-in-india-railways-to-pitch-for-building-bullet-train-coaches/story-cUnqHEk3sy0h2l7xgLXfsN.html|title=Make in India: Railways to pitch for building bullet train coaches locally|work=Hindustan Times|date=4 October 2018|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816085338/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/make-in-india-railways-to-pitch-for-building-bullet-train-coaches/story-cUnqHEk3sy0h2l7xgLXfsN.html|url-status=live}} For semi-high speed rail, Indian Railways had already rolled out Train 18 in 2018. These self-propelled EMU train sets manufactured by Integral Coach Factory are capable of reaching {{convert|180|km/h|4=0|abbr=on}}.{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/engine-less-train-160-kmph-train-18-to-be-out-in-june-train-20-in-2020-5035128/|title=Engine-less train: 160 kmph Train 18 to be out in June, Train 20 in 2020|date=23 January 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=The Indian Express|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404105413/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/engine-less-train-160-kmph-train-18-to-be-out-in-june-train-20-in-2020-5035128/|url-status=live}} These trains have eight or sixteen coaches with driver cabins on both ends, which eliminates the time needed for turnaround at the terminal station with faster acceleration and deceleration, enabling the train to travel at a top speed for longer distance.{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/budget/railway-budget-2018-indian-railways-new-trains-train-18-train-20-features-semi-high-speed/1026896/|title=Ahead of Railway Budget 2018, Modi's Make in India gets boost with plans for 'world-class' Indian Railways trains|date=23 January 2018|newspaper=Financial Express|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=13 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613234759/https://www.financialexpress.com/budget/railway-budget-2018-indian-railways-new-trains-train-18-train-20-features-semi-high-speed/1026896/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2-new-world-class-trains-to-cut-travel-time-by-20/articleshow/62611180.cms|title=Train 18: 2 new 'world class' trains to cut travel time by 20%|newspaper=The Times of India|date=23 January 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=11 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011140118/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2-new-world-class-trains-to-cut-travel-time-by-20/articleshow/62611180.cms|url-status=live}}

File:Hada high-speed railway under const.JPG

Mega carrier and launcher machines or transporter, gantry, and full span launcher machines are machines used to construct viaducts (elevated structures) for bullet train corridors in China. These vehicles carry an entire girder by traveling on already launched girders to place the next one. The speed was several times faster compared to India's conventional girder launching mechanism, with the Chinese machine laying two girders a day on an average compared to one and a half girders in a week by the Indian counterpart.{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/atmanirbhar-bullet-train-made-in-china-tech-substitute-7073445/|title=Atmanirbhar push in bullet train: Industry told to build substitute for made-in-China tech|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=30 November 2020|access-date=1 December 2023}} NHSRCL then asked L&T which was constructing the {{Cvt|325|km}} stretch of Mumbai-Ahmedabad line to build such machines. The machine costs around {{INRconvert|70|c}} and 30 such machines were required to construct the {{Cvt|465|km}} elevated stretch. On 9 September 2021, India joined four other countries, to possess Full Span Launching Methodology (FSLM) technology after L&T was able to develop the machine successfully. NHSRCL planned to acquire 20 such machines initially for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad high-speed rail project in order to speed up construction. These machines could be later deployed to build viaducts for elevated roads and rapid transit systems across India.{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/full-span-launching-equipment-straddle-carrier-and-girder-transporter-acquired-for-ahmedabad-mumbai-bullet-project/articleshow/86072933.cms|title=Full span launching equipment, straddle carrier and girder transporter acquired for Ahmedabad-Mumbai bullet project|newspaper=The Times of India|date=9 September 2021|archive-date=22 June 2024|access-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622092713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/full-span-launching-equipment-straddle-carrier-and-girder-transporter-acquired-for-ahmedabad-mumbai-bullet-project/articleshow/86072933.cms|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/mumbai-ahmedabad-bullet-train-indigenous-full-span-launching-equipment-flagged-off-to-expedite-development/2327622/|title=Mumbai-Ahmedabad Bullet Train: Indigenous Full Span Launching Equipment flagged off to expedite development|work=The Financial Express|date=10 September 2021|access-date=13 September 2021|archive-date=13 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913074943/https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/mumbai-ahmedabad-bullet-train-indigenous-full-span-launching-equipment-flagged-off-to-expedite-development/2327622/|url-status=live}}

National Academy of Indian Railways, Vadodara was established in 2018 with the aim of developing indigenously high-speed train manufacturing technology.{{cite web|url=https://www.railelectrica.com/indian-railways/university-of-railways-why-what-how-and-where/|title=University of Railways – Why, What, How and Where?|publisher=Rail Electrica|date=4 December 2014|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203124604/https://www.railelectrica.com/indian-railways/university-of-railways-why-what-how-and-where/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/railway-university-from-maharajas-palace-to-training-centre-for-babus-heres-the-history-of-the-building/|title=India's first railway university in Vadodara: Everything you need to know|work=The Indian Express|date=15 December 2018|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816162921/https://indianexpress.com/article/education/railway-university-from-maharajas-palace-to-training-centre-for-babus-heres-the-history-of-the-building/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/gujarat-govt-allots-land-for-india-s-first-railway-university-119082101458_1.html|title=Gujarat govt allots land for India's first Railway university|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=21 August 2019|agency=Press Trust of India|archive-date=16 August 2021|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816164927/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/gujarat-govt-allots-land-for-india-s-first-railway-university-119082101458_1.html|url-status=live}} Other institutions focused on Railway technology research and development are: IIT BHU Malviya Centre for Railway Technology, IIT Kharagpur Centre for Railways Research and Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO). Integral Coach Factory(ICF) Chennai has been tasked with producing steel body trains capable of 280kmph and in service speed of 250kmph for the bullet train routes.{{cite web | url=https://www.railjournal.com/in_depth/new-dawn-for-indian-high-speed-rail/ | title=New dawn for Indian high-speed rail }}

The choice of the standard gauge for high-speed rail goes against the Project Unigauge, which aimed to convert all existing tracks to a single gauge.{{cite press release|title=Indian Railways: Glorious History|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=24969|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Railways|access-date=1 February 2020|location=New Delhi|date=21 February 2007|quote=The Project Unigauge was launched on 1 April 1992 to develop the backward regions and to connect important places with broad gauge network.|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505104943/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=24969|url-status=live}} Some of the criticisms also suggest that India should aim for modernising its existing railway network before pursuing high-speed rail.

{{commons category}}

• Future of rail transport in India
• List of high-speed railway lines in India
• Urban rail transit in India
• List of high-speed railway lines
• High-speed railways

{{reflist|group=note}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{official website|http://hsrc.in/}} — High Speed Rail Corporation India Limited

{{High-speed rail in India}}

{{High-speed rail}}

{{Transport in India}}

{{Indian Railways}}

Category:High-speed rail in Asia