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January 1916

{{short description|Month in 1916}}

{{Events by month|1916}}

{{calendar|year=1916|month=January}}

File:Battle of Keprikei.jpg near Erzurum, Turkey.]]

File:Meso Campaign.jpg.]]

The following events occurred in January 1916:

January 1, 1916 (Saturday)

File:RoseBowl-1916.tiff (left) and Washington State meet referee Walter Eckersall of Chicago just before kickoff at the 1916 Rose Bowl.]]

  • Second Battle of Jaunde – Allied forces occupied the capital of Jaunde of German Cameroon.{{cite book| last1=O'Neill|first1=Herbert C.|title=The War in Africa and the Far East.|date=1918|publisher=London Longmans Green|location=London|page=62}}
  • Senussi campaign – Aerial reconnaissance spotted a Senussi camp of 80 tents {{convert|35|mi|km|abbr=on}} southeast of British garrison at Matruh in North Africa. A desert column mobilized to capture the camp but 10 days of torrential rain delayed the assault.{{cite book |title=Military Operations: Egypt and Palestine, From the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917 |volume=I |last1=Macmunn |first1=G |last2=Falls |first2=C. |year=1996 |orig-year=1928 HMSO |publisher=Battery Press |location=Nashville, TN |isbn=0-89839-241-1|pages=118–120}}
  • British troop ship Geelong sank while returning soldiers from the Gallipoli campaign in the Mediterranean Sea after colliding with another ship. All soldiers and crew on board were rescued.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article101145981 |title=S.S. GEELONG LOST. |work=The Albury Banner and Wodonga Express |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=7 January 1916 |access-date=22 July 2016 |page=23 |via=National Library of Australia}}
  • The British Royal Army Medical Corps carried out the first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled.{{cite journal|first=Kim |last=Pelis|title=Taking Credit: The Canadian Army Medical Corps and the British Conversion to Blood Transfusion in WWI|journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences| url=https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_the_history_of_medicine_and_allied_sciences/v056/56.3pelis.html|year=2001|doi=10.1093/jhmas/56.3.238|volume=56|issue=3|pages=238–277|pmid=11552401|s2cid=34956231|url-access=subscription}}
  • Ross Sea party – Marooned onshore in the Antarctic after the British polar exploration ship Aurora lost anchor and drifted in May 1915, the 10-man party of the second arm of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition split up. Four scientists manned a post at Cape Evans while the other six sledged to lay down a depot at Mount Hope near the Beardmore Glacier where the first arm of the expedition was expected to reach (unknown to them, the first arm of the expedition was also marooned).{{cite book | author-link = Kelly Tyler-Lewis | last = Tyler-Lewis | first = Kelly | title = The Lost Men | publisher = Bloomsbury Publications | year = 2007 | location = London | isbn = 978-0-7475-7972-4 | pages=163–64, 171}}
  • The Washington State Cougars football team defeated Brown University 14–0 in front of an estimated 10,000 spectators in the second Rose Bowl, after a 15-year hiatus.{{cite web |url=http://wsucougars.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/1916-rose-bowl.html |title=Washington State Cougars in the 1916 Rose Bowl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107072741/http://wsucougars.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/1916-rose-bowl.html |archive-date=2006-11-07 |website=Washington State Athletic Department}}
  • The association football club Estrela do Norte was established in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Brazil.{{cite book|title=Escudos dos Times do Mundo Inteiro|publisher=Panda Books|first=Rodolfo |last=Rodrigues|year=2009|page=47}}
  • Born:
  • Rehavam Amir, Lithuanian-Israeli diplomat, diplomat to the United Kingdom from 1953 to 1958; as Rehavam Zabludovsky, in Vilnius, Lithuania (d. 2013){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Manuel Manahan, Filipino politician, co-founder of the Progressive Party of the Philippines, member of the Senate of the Philippines from 1961 to 1967; in Manila, Philippine Islands (present-day Philippines) (d. 1994){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 2, 1916 (Sunday)

  • HMS E2, the last British submarine to operate in the Sea of Marmara within Turkey, was recalled by the Royal Navy, bringing an end to the 1915 Marmara campaign. During 1915, British subs torpedoed and sank two battleships, one destroyer, five gunboats, seven ammunition ships, and nine transport ships in the Ottoman Navy, along with 30 steamers and 188 sailing vessels, and "so harassed enemy shipping as to practically paralyze it by the autumn."{{cite book |first=Arthur J. |last=Marder |chapter=From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow |volume=II |title=The War Years: To the Eve of Jutland 1914—1916 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2013 |page=313}}
  • Died:
  • Joseph Rucker Lamar, 58, American judge, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1910 to 1916 (b. 1857){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Félix Sardà y Salvany, 71, Spanish clergy and writer, editor of the Catholic newspaper La Revista Popular, author of Liberalism is a Sin (b. 1844){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 3, 1916 (Monday)

  • The Sykes–Picot Agreement, a secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France to define their claims for the division of Arab territories in the Ottoman Empire in the event of a Central Powers defeat, was signed by Sir Mark Sykes, Assistant Secretary for Middle Eastern Affairs to the British War Cabinet, and French diplomat François Georges-Picot.{{cite book |first=A. L. |last=Macfie |title=The Eastern Question 1774-1923 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=1989 |page=61}} In the agreement, what are now Syria and Lebanon were to be under French control, Iraq under British control, and Palestine (incorporating modern-day Israel and Lebanon) was to be under joint control.{{cite book |first=James |last=Barr |title=A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914-1948 |publisher=W. W. Norton |year=2011 |page=26}}
  • Britain's Secret Service Bureau (now the Secret Intelligence Service) was reorganized to create several Special Branch law enforcement departments within the SSB, including Section 5 of the Directorate of Military Intelligence, or MI5, the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency.{{cite book |first1=Andrew |last1=Staniforth |first2=Fraser |last2=Sampson |title=The Routledge Companion to UK Counter-Terrorism |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2013 |page=28}}
  • Born:
  • Maxene Andrews, American singer, one of The Andrews Sisters, best-selling group sold over 75 million records; in Mound, Minnesota, United States (d. 1995){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Betty Furness, American actress and consumer activist, lead actress for the 1950 TV series Studio One, special assistant to the President of Consumer Affairs for the Federal Trade Commission; as Elizabeth Mary Furness, in New York City, United States (d. 1994){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died: Grenville M. Dodge, 84, railroad executive and Union Army officer, chief engineer of the First transcontinental railroad (b. 1831){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 4, 1916 (Tuesday)

January 5, 1916 (Wednesday)

  • Montenegrin campaign – The Montenegrin Army was ordered to defend the retreating Serbian army as Austria-Hungary launched an offensive against Montenegro.{{cite book |last=Vucinich |first=Louis Andrew |year=1974 |title=God and the Villagers: A Story of Montenegro |publisher=Buffalo State College Foundation |location=Buffalo, New York |pages=313–314 |oclc=1194937}}{{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Elizabeth |year=2005 |title=Realm of the Black Mountain: A History of Montenegro |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, New York |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=G62MCZ3RiIEC&pg=PA311 311] |isbn=978-0-8014-4601-6}}
  • Royal Navy destroyer HMS Turbulent was launched at the Hawthorn Leslie and Company shipyard in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It would be sunk at the Battle of Jutland six months later.{{cite book|last1=Colledge|first1=J.J.|last2=Warlow|first2=Ben|title=Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy|date=1969|publisher=Chatham Publishing|location=London|isbn=978-1-86176-281-8|page=647|edition=2006}}
  • Baron Bean, a comic strip by George Herriman, debuted through the King Features Syndicate owned by William Randolph Hearst.{{cite book |first=Ron |last=Goulart |title=The Funnies: 100 years of American Comic Strips |location=Holbrook, Mass. |publisher=Adams Pub. |year=1995 |isbn=1558505393 |page=110}}
  • Born: Maup Caransa, Dutch business executive, leading real estate developer in post-World War II Amsterdam, famously kidnapped for ransom in 1977; as Maurits Caransa, in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 2009){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Ulpiano Checa, 55, Spanish artist, known for such works as including painting for Le Train Bleu in 1900, recipient of the Legion of Honour (b. 1860){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Harry Hems, 71, British sculptor, leading artist of Gothic Revival architecture with noted restoration works such as the St Albans Cathedral in England (b. 1842){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Sam Lucas, 75, American actor, first African American to portray Uncle Tom in both stage and screen adaptations of Uncle Tom's Cabin (b. 1848){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • E. J. Woods, 76-77, Australian architect, designer of St. Peter's Cathedral and State Parliament House in Adelaide, Australia (b. 1839){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 6, 1916 (Thursday)

January 7, 1916 (Friday)

January 8, 1916 (Saturday)

  • Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad – The British successfully captured Sheikh Sa'ad in the Mesopotamia at a cost of 4,400 casualties (with reports of a similar amount for the Ottoman Empire).Sir John Nixon, Dispatch to War Office 16 January 1916, [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/29576/supplements/4660|London Gazette, Issue number: 29576, p.4660]
  • Russian battleship Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya exchanged fire with the Ottoman battlecruiser Yavuz Sultan Selim in the Black Sea. While the action was minor, it proved the Russian navy now had control of the Black Sea and forced the Ottoman Navy to focus on defending the Dardanelles.{{cite book| last = Tucker| first = Spencer C.| title = World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection| publisher = ABC-CLIO| volume = I| edition = illustrated, revised| date = 28 October 2014| pages = 264–265| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DBwTBQAAQBAJ| isbn = 9781851099658}}
  • St. Louis gangster William "Skippy" Rohan of the Egan's Rats was gunned down just after midnight in a saloon by gang member Harry "Cherries" Dunn following a heated exchange in which one accused the other of "snitching" to the St. Louis police department. Dunn's shooting of Rohan severed all ties with the Egan's Rats and marked him for death, leading to Dunn's murder nine months later.{{Cite web |url=http://kenzimmermanjr.com/skippy-rohan-killed/ |title=Skippy Rohan Killed |access-date=2017-01-11 |archive-date=2016-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806213055/http://kenzimmermanjr.com/skippy-rohan-killed/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite book|author=Waugh, Daniel|title=Egan's Rats: The Untold Story of the Gang that ruled Prohibition-era St. Louis|location=Nashville, Tennessee|publisher=Cumberland House|date=2007}}{{page needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Royal Navy battle cruiser HMS Repulse was launched by John Brown & Company in Clydebank, Scotland. It would see action at the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight in 1917.{{cite book|last=Burt|first=R. A.|title=British Battleships of World War One|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1986|isbn=0-87021-863-8|page=302}}
  • The Coliseum Theater opened in Seattle as the city's first movie theatre, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.{{cite web |last=Flom |first=Eric L. |date=July 12, 2000 |title=Coliseum opens in Seattle on January 8, 1916. |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?displaypage=output.cfm&file_id=2538 |work=HistoryLink |access-date=May 2, 2009}}{{NRISref|2009a|dateform=MDY}}
  • Born: John Davies, British business executive and politician, first Director of the Confederation of British Industry, first Secretary of State for Trade and Industry; in Blackheath, London, England (d. 1979){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Eugene W. Hilgard, 83, German American agriculturalist, credited as the father of modern soil sciences (b. 1833){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Ada Rehan, 58, Irish-born American stage actress, one of the "Big Four" stage leads for Daly's Fifth Avenue Theatre on Broadway; died of cancer and arteriosclerosis (b. 1857){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Samuel Way, 79, Australian judge, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of South Australia from 1876 to 1916 (b. 1836){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 9, 1916 (Sunday)

File:W Beach Helles Gallipoli.jpg, on 7 January 1916 just prior to the final evacuation]]

January 10, 1916 (Monday)

January 11, 1916 (Tuesday)

  • Montenegrin campaign – Austria-Hungary captured the mountain of Lovćen in Montenegro, which had been the country's key artillery base for defending its border.{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=312}}
  • The minority government under Prime Minister Hubert Loutsch for Luxembourg dissolved after succumbing to a vote of no confidence.{{cite book | last=Thewes | first=Guy | title=Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848 | url=http://www.gouvernement.lu/publications/download/gouvernements_1848_2.pdf | access-date=2006-07-14 | edition=Édition limitée |date=July 2003 | publisher=Service Information et Presse | location=Luxembourg City | isbn=2-87999-118-8 |language=fr|page=66}}
  • Mexican militia reportedly with Pancho Villa forced sixteen American employees of the American Smelting and Refining Company from a train near Santa Isabel, Chihuahua, and summarily stripped and executed them.{{cite journal |author-link=Friedrich Katz |last=Katz |first=Friedrich |title=Pancho Villa and the Attack on Columbus, New Mexico |journal=American Historical Review |volume=83 |number=1 |year=1978|pages=101–130 |doi=10.2307/1865904|jstor=1865904 }}
  • Born: Jimmy Quillen, American politician, U.S. Representative from Tennessee from 1963 to 1997; as James Henry Quillen, in Scott County, Virginia, United States (d. 2003){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 12, 1916 (Wednesday)

File:Blue Max.jpg, German military decoration]]

  • Montenegrin campaign – With the imminent loss of Montenegrin capital of Cetinje, as well as the cities of Peć and Berane, King Nicholas was persuaded to begin surrender negotiations with Austria-Hungary.{{cite book |last=Pavlovic |first=Srdja |year=2008 |title=Balkan Anschluss: The Annexation of Montenegro and the Creation of the Common South Slavic State |publisher=Purdue University Press |location=West Lafayette, Indiana |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4LPfuwer21EC&pg=PA77 77] |isbn=978-1-55753-465-1}}
  • German flying aces Max Immelmann and Oswald Boelcke, each with eight kills, were the first pilots awarded the Blue Max.{{cite book|last1=Franks|first1=Norman|last2=Bailey|first2=Frank W.|last3=Guest|first3=Russell|title=Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918|url=https://archive.org/details/abovelines00fran|url-access=limited|date=1993|publisher=Grub Street|isbn=978-0-948817-73-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/abovelines00fran/page/n84 134]–35}}{{cite book|last1=van Wyngarden|first1=G.|title=Early German Aces of World War I|date=2006|publisher=Osprey Publishing Ltd.|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=1-84176-997-5|page=30}}
  • Royal Air Force No. 32 and No. 33 Squadrons were established.{{cite journal|last1=Rawlings|first1=J.D.R.|title=History of No. 32 Squadron|journal=Air Pictorial|date=September 1970|volume=33|issue=11|page=424}}{{cite journal|last1=Rawlings|first1=J.D.R.|title=History of No. 33 Squadron|journal=Air Pictorial|date=November 1971|volume=32|issue=9| page=327}}
  • The Ise Electric Railway extended the Nagoya Line in the Mie Prefecture, Japan, with station Chiyozaki serving the line.{{cite book | last = Terada | first = Hirokazu |title = データブック日本の私鉄 |trans-title=Databook: Japan's Private Railways | publisher = Neko Publishing | date = July 2002 | location = Japan| isbn = 4-87366-874-3}}
  • Born:
  • P. W. Botha, South African state leader, last Prime Minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and first State President of South Africa from 1984 to 1989; as Pieter Willem Botha, in Paul Roux, South Africa (d. 2006){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Ruth R. Benerito, American chemist, patented many fabrics for the textile industry including wrinkle-resistant fabric; as Ruth Mary Rogan, in New Orleans, United States (d. 2013){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Mary Wilson, English poet, known for Selected Poems and New Poems anthologies, wife to British Prime Minister Harold Wilson; as Gladys Mary Baldwin, in Diss, Norfolk, England (d. 2018){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died: Georgios Theotokis, 71, Greek state leader, held the position of Prime Minister of Greece four times (b. 1844){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 13, 1916 (Thursday)

File:Victoriano Huerta.(cropped).jpg, former President of Mexico]]

  • Battle of Wadi – A British force of 19,000 men under command of Lieutenant-General Fenton Aylmer attacked an Ottoman defensive force of 22,500 along the Wadi River in what is now modern-day Iraq, but a cost of 1,600 men compared to the 527 lost on the Ottoman side. The battle only further weakened British attempts to relieve beleaguered forces under command of General Charles Townshend in Kut.{{cite web|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/wadi.htm |title=Battles: The Battle of the Wadi, 1916|date= 27 February 2002|access-date=15 September 2008}}
  • Montenegrin campaign – An Austrian force entered the Montenegrin capital of Cetinje.{{sfn|Pavlovic|2008|p=77}}
  • Battle of Koprukoy – A Russian force of 75,000 men under command of Nikolai Yudenich clashed with members of the Ottoman Third Army under command of Abdul Kerim Pasha during the Erzurum Offensive.{{cite book |first1=W.E.D. |last1=Allen |first2=Paul |last2=Muratoff |title=Caucasian Battlefields, A History of Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1828-1921 |year=1999 |publisher=Battery Press |page=337 |isbn=0-89839-296-9}}Vetluga Memoir: Turkish Prisoner of War in Russia, 1916-18 Massachusetts Olcen{{Full citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Senussi campaign – An Allied desert column arrived at Senussi camp spotted by air southeast of Matruh in North Africa, only to find the camp deserted. Despite the lack of findings, a needed telegraph line was repaired before the column returned to base.{{sfn|Macmunn|Falls|1996|pp=118–120}}
  • The field artillery XX Brigade was established for service in the Sinai and Palestine campaign.{{cite book | last = Becke | first = Major A.F. | year = 1936 | title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56) | publisher = His Majesty's Stationery Office | location = London | isbn = 1-871167-12-4 | page=113}}
  • The Curtiss Aeroplane Company, Curtiss Motor Company, and two other aircraft manufactures merged to form the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company.{{cite book |last=Angelucci |first=Enzo |title=The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present |location=New York |publisher=Orion Books |year=1987 |page=108}}
  • Died: Victoriano Huerta, 65, Mexican army officer and state leader, 35th President of Mexico (b. 1854){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 14, 1916 (Friday)

  • Storm flooding caused dikes to burst at Zuiderzee, Netherlands, killing 19 people. Ships caught out at sea also resulted in a further 32 casualties.{{cite news|title=High Tide Menaces All North Holland|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/01/15/104663348.pdf|access-date=14 January 2017|work=The New York Times|issue=January 15, 1916|date=January 14, 1916}}{{cite news|title=Waters Higher In Holland|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/01/17/100185248.pdf|access-date=14 January 2017|work=The New York Times|issue=January 17, 1916|date=January 16, 1916}}
  • Battle of Koprukoy – Russian forces began to repel counterattacks made by the Ottoman Third Army.{{sfn|Allen|Muratoff|1999|p=342}}
  • Irish revolutionary leader Michael Collins resigned his job in London and returned to Ireland.{{cite book |last=Mackay |first=James |year=1998 |title=Michael Collins, A Life

|edition=1998 Reprint |publisher=Mainstream Publishing |isbn=1-85158-949-X |page=44}}

  • In response to high losses German Fokker Eindecker fighters were inflicting on Allied reconnaissance aircraft flying over the Western Front, Royal Flying Corps Headquarters ordered that reconnaissance planes have an escort of at least three fighters flying in close formation with them, and that a reconnaissance aircraft must abort its flight if even one of the three fighters becomes detached from the formation for any reason.{{cite book |last=Franks |first=Norman |title=Aircraft vs. Aircraft: The Illustrated Story of Fighter Pilot Combat From 1914 to the Present Day |location=London |publisher=Grub Street |year=1998 |isbn=1-902304-04-7 |page=20}}
  • Born: Leonard Siffleet, Australian commando, member of the Services Reconnaissance Department in Papua New Guinea during World War II; in Gunnedah, Australia (executed, 1943){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 15, 1916 (Saturday)

January 16, 1916 (Sunday)

File:SMS Möve.jpg

  • Battle of Koprukoy – Ottoman forces begin their retreat to their fortress near Erzurum, Turkey.{{sfn|Allen|Muratoff|1999|pp=341-342}}
  • German auxiliary cruiser {{SMS|Möwe|1914|6}}, disguised as a merchant ship, attacked and captured a British steamer south of the island of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean, killing 18 sailors, wounded five more, and took the ship's command and survivors prisoner before scuttling the ship.{{cite web|title=SeaGull Officer's Story of The Famous Sea Raider| url=http://smsmoewe.com/smsmfors.htm|website=Count Dohna and His SeaGull|access-date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115145547/http://smsmoewe.com/smsmfors.htm |archive-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |date=4 March 2007}}
  • American actress Billie Burke made her screen debut in the film comedy Peggy, directed by Thomas H. Ince.{{cite web |url=http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/P/Peggy1916.html |title=Peggy - Progressive Silent Film List |website=SilentEra.com |first=Carl |last=Bennett |date=28 June 2024}}
  • Died:
  • Arnold Aletrino, 57, Dutch physician, pioneer researcher into homosexuality and the theory it was a natural-occurring sexual orientation (b. 1858){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Juana María Condesa Lluch, 53, Spanish nun, established the Handmaids of Mary Immaculate order in Valencia, Spain, beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2003 (b. 1862){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 17, 1916 (Monday)

  • Manuel Estrada Cabrera was re-elected for a third term as President of Guatemala after running unopposed in the presidential election.{{cite book |last=Calvert |first=Peter |year=1985 |title=Guatemala: A Nation in Turmoil |location=Boulder |publisher=Westview Press |page=69}}{{cite book |title=Information Annual, 1916: A Continuous Cyclopedia and Digest of Current Events |year=1917 |page=297}}{{Full citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Born:
  • Charles F. Hockett, American linguist, leading researcher in language structuralism; in Columbus, Ohio, United States (d. 2000){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Edmund Morgan, American historian, leading expert on American colonial history; in Minneapolis, United States (d. 2013){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died: Marie Bracquemond, 75, French artist, referred to as "les trois grandes dames" or "the three great women" of Impressionism (b. 1841){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 18, 1916 (Tuesday)

  • Montenegrin campaign – The Montenegrin army pulled back from the line between Berane and Mojkovac allowing Austria-Hungary to resume advancing south towards Albania.{{cite book |last=Mitrović |first=Andrej |year=2007 |title=Serbia's Great War, 1914-1918 |publisher=Purdue University Press |location=West Lafayette, Indiana |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=CI5Wm8771EYC&pg=PA155 155] |isbn=978-1-55753-476-7}}
  • The world's first practical all-metal aircraft, the Junkers J 1, flew for the first time.{{cite journal|last1=Grosz|first1=Peter|last2=Terry|first2=Gerard|title=The Way to the World's First All-Metal Fighter|journal=Air Enthusiast|date=1984|issue=25|pages=60–63|publisher=Pilot Press|issn=0143-5450}}
  • Scottish polar vessel Scotia (originally the Norwegian whaler ship Hekla), best known for being used for exploration by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, caught fire and sank off the coast of Wales, with all crew rescued.{{cite web |url=http://www.lardex.net/andersmarcussen/skipstekst/1900hekla.htm |title=1900 Seil/DS HEKLA (048190001) |publisher=Lardex |language=no |access-date=17 July 2015 |archive-date=3 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803064533/http://www.lardex.net/andersmarcussen/skipstekst/1900hekla.htm |url-status=dead }}
  • Born:
  • Silviu Brucan, Romanian author and politician, one of the authors of the Letter of the Six that led to the overthrow of the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime; as Saul Bruckner, in Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania (present-day Romania) (d. 2006){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • James F. Crow, American geneticist, leading researcher on the paternal age effect on DNA; in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, United States (d. 2012){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died: Lorenzo Latorre, 71, Uruguayan state leader, 26th President of Uruguay (b. 1844){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 19, 1916 (Wednesday)

January 20, 1916 (Thursday)

January 21, 1916 (Friday)

  • Battle of Hanna – A British force of around 10,000 men under command of Lieutenant General Fenton Aylmer attacked the Ottoman line defended by an estimated 30,000 soldiers along the Tigris, and lost 2,741 men compared to the 503 casualties on the Ottoman side. The defeat left British forces defending Kut completely vulnerable.{{cite book |editor-last1=Tucker |editor-first1=Spencer |editor-last2=Roberts |editor-first2=Priscilla Mary |title=World War I: Encyclopedia |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-85109-420-2 |page=1048}}
  • The German air squadron Jagdstaffel 5 was established as the first dedicated fighting squadron for the Imperial German Flying Corps although it would not be mobilized until August 21.{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta5.php |title=Jasta 5 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |access-date=16 December 2015}}
  • The British Army cavalry units I and II Brigades{{cite book | last = James | first = Brigadier E.A. | year = 1978 | title = British Regiments 1914–18 | publisher = Samson Books Limited | location = London | isbn = 0-906304-03-2 | page=449}} were dissolved with the 2nd Mounted Division following their completion of service at the Gallipoli campaign.{{cite book | last = Becke | first = Major A.F. | year = 1936 | title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56) | publisher = His Majesty's Stationery Office | location = London | isbn = 1-871167-12-4 | page=16}}
  • Died: Louis H. Carpenter, 76, American Union Army officer, commander during the Battle of Gettysburg and the American Indian Wars, recipient of the Medal of Honor (b. 1839){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 22, 1916 (Saturday)

January 23, 1916 (Sunday)

January 24, 1916 (Monday)

January 25, 1916 (Tuesday)

January 26, 1916 (Wednesday)

January 27, 1916 (Thursday)

January 28, 1916 (Friday)

  • Women were given the right to vote in Manitoba, the first Canadian province to do so.{{cite web |author=Susan Jackel |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/womens-suffrage |title=Women's Suffrage |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=2014-12-02 |archive-date=2015-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016084447/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/womens-suffrage/ |url-status=dead }}
  • The opera Goyescas by Enrique Granados premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, the first Spanish opera ever to be performed there.{{citation needed|date=February 2025|reason=Unreliable source removed}}
  • Born:
  • Dottie Hunter, Canadian baseball player, played first base for the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League; as Dorothy Hunter, in Winnipeg, Canada (d. 2005){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Dale Alford, American politician, U.S. Representative from Arkansas from 1959 to 1963; as Thomas Dale Alford, in New Hope, Pike County, Arkansas, United States (d. 2000){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 29, 1916 (Saturday)

File:Mackintosh and Spencer-Smith.jpg are pulled along on a sledge during the return trip from Mount Hope in Antarctica.]]

January 30, 1916 (Sunday)

  • A German zeppelin bombed Paris, killing six civilians and wounding another 30 people.{{cite news|title=Zeppelin Kills 6 Parisians, Wounds 30|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/01/30/119030997.pdf|access-date=11 January 2017|work=The New York Times|issue=January 30, 1916|date=January 30, 1916}}
  • The Italian air squadron 71a Squadriglia was established in Torino as Italy's first fighter squadron.Franks et al 1997, p. 121
  • Arthur Warren Waite, a dentist from Grand Rapids, Michigan, poisoned his mother-in-law Hannah M. Carpenter using arsenic while she stayed at his home in New York City. It was the first of two murders, the second being Waite's father-in-law Jon E. Peck who arrived two months later following his wife's death.{{cite news |title=Arsenic In Body Of John E. Peck, Autopsy Shows. Grand Rapids Millionaire Died in the Riverside Drive Home of His Son-in-Law |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/03/23/301843152.pdf |work=The New York Times |date=March 23, 1916 |access-date=2015-04-23 }}{{cite book |first=Tobin T. |last=Buhk |title=Poisoning The Pecks of Grand Rapids: The Scandalous 1916 Murder Plot |year=2014 |isbn= 978-1626196971}}{{page needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Born: Ethel du Pont, American heiress and socialite, granddaughter to Eugene du Pont and wife to Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.; in Wilmington, Delaware, United States (d. 1965, suicide){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Joseph Jacobs, 61, Australian folklorist, collected and popularized many popular English fairy tales in English Fairy Tales and More English Fairy Tales (b. 1854){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Clements Markham, 85, English geographer, chief organizer of the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic (b. 1830){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

January 31, 1916 (Monday)

File:SMS Karlsruhe in Scapa Flow 1919.jpg]]

References

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{{Events by month links}}

1916

*1916-01