List of antidepressants

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors include:

• Citalopram (Celexa, Cipramil)
• Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex)
• Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem)
• Fluvoxamine (Luvox, Faverin)
• Paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat)
• Sertraline (Zoloft, Lustral)

• Indalpine (Upstene)
• Zimelidine (Normud, Zelmid)

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:

• Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
• Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
• Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)
• Milnacipran (Ixel, Savella, Milnaneurax)
• Venlafaxine (Effexor, Trevilor)

Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

None currently marketed

• Medifoxamine (Clédial, Gerdaxyl)

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

• Toludesvenlafaxine (Ruoxinlin)
• Nefazodone (Serzone){{cite journal | vauthors = Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E | title = Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 340 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 249–258 | date = December 1997 | pmid = 9537821 | doi = 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01393-9 }}

Serotonin modulators and stimulators include:

• Vilazodone (Viibryd)
• Vortioxetine (Trintellix, Brintellix)

Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors include:

• Nefazodone (Dutonin, Nefadar, Serzone) – withdrawn/discontinued in most countries
• Trazodone (Desyrel)

• Etoperidone (Axiomin, Etonin)

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:

• Reboxetine (Edronax)
• Teniloxazine (Lucelan, Metatone) – also a 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist
• Viloxazine (Qelbree, formerly Vivalan) – also a 5-HT_2B receptor antagonist and 5-HT_2C receptor agonist

• Atomoxetine (Strattera){{cite book | vauthors = Fedder D, Patel H, Saadabadi A | chapter = Atomoxetine | chapter-url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493234/ | date = March 2023 | title = StatPearls [Internet] | location = Treasure Island (FL) | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | pmid = 29630286 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Dell'Osso B, Palazzo MC, Oldani L, Altamura AC | title = The noradrenergic action in antidepressant treatments: pharmacological and clinical aspects | journal = CNS Neurosci Ther | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 723–32 | date = December 2011 | pmid = 21155988 | pmc = 6493872 | doi = 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00217.x | url = }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Fleurence R, Williamson R, Jing Y, Kim E, Tran QV, Pikalov AS, Thase ME | title = A systematic review of augmentation strategies for patients with major depressive disorder | journal = Psychopharmacol Bull | volume = 42 | issue = 3 | pages = 57–90 | date = 2009 | pmid = 19752841 | doi = | url = }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Corp SA, Gitlin MJ, Altshuler LL | title = A review of the use of stimulants and stimulant alternatives in treating bipolar depression and major depressive disorder | journal = J Clin Psychiatry | volume = 75 | issue = 9 | pages = 1010–8 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25295426 | doi = 10.4088/JCP.13r08851 | url = }}

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

• Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Elontril) – also a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors{{cite journal | vauthors = Arias HR, Santamaría A, Ali SF | title = Pharmacological and neurotoxicological actions mediated by bupropion and diethylpropion | journal = Int. Rev. Neurobiol. | volume = 88 | pages = 223–55 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19897080 | doi = 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)88009-4 | series = International Review of Neurobiology | isbn = 9780123745040 }}

• Amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse) – actually norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (NDRAs){{cite journal | vauthors = Dale E, Bang-Andersen B, Sánchez C | title = Emerging mechanisms and treatments for depression beyond SSRIs and SNRIs | journal = Biochem. Pharmacol. | volume = 95 | issue = 2 | pages = 81–97 | year = 2015 | pmid = 25813654 | doi = 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.011 | url = | doi-access = free }}
• Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta){{cite journal | vauthors = Challman TD, Lipsky JJ | title = Methylphenidate: its pharmacology and uses | journal = Mayo Clin. Proc. | volume = 75 | issue = 7 | pages = 711–21 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10907387 | doi = 10.4065/75.7.711 | url = | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Prommer E | title = Methylphenidate: established and expanding roles in symptom management | journal = Am J Hosp Palliat Care | volume = 29 | issue = 6 | pages = 483–90 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22144657 | doi = 10.1177/1049909111427029 | s2cid = 21384037 | url = }}

• Amineptine (Survector, Maneon)
• Nomifensine (Merital, Alival)

Tricyclic antidepressants include:

• Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep)
• Amitriptylinoxide (Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin)
• Amoxapine (Asendin)
• Clomipramine (Anafranil)
• Desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane)
• Dibenzepin (Noveril, Victoril)
• Dimetacrine (Istonil)
• Dosulepin (Prothiaden)
• Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan)
• Imipramine (Tofranil)
• Lofepramine (Lomont, Gamanil)
• Melitracen (Dixeran, Melixeran, Trausabun)
• Nitroxazepine (Sintamil)
• Nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl)
• Noxiptiline (Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal)
• Pipofezine (Azafen/Azaphen)
• Protriptyline (Vivactil)
• Trimipramine (Surmontil)

Opipramol (Insidon), tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil) and amineptine (discontinued; formerly Survector, Maneon) are chemically TCAs but are pharmacodynamically atypical, and are therefore grouped elsewhere.

• Butriptyline (Evadyne)
• Demexiptiline (Deparon, Tinoran)
• Fluacizine (Phtorazisin)
• Imipraminoxide (Imiprex, Elepsin)
• Iprindole (Prondol, Galatur, Tetran)
• Metapramine (Timaxel)
• Propizepine (Depressin, Vagran)
• Quinupramine (Kinupril, Kevopril)
• Tiazesim (Altinil) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant
• Tofenacin (Elamol, Tofacine) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant

Tetracyclic antidepressants include:

• Maprotiline (Ludiomil)
• Mianserin (Tolvon)
• Mirtazapine (Remeron)
• Setiptiline (Tecipul)

Mianserin, mirtazapine, and setiptiline are also sometimes described as noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs).

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors include

• Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
• Phenelzine (Nardil)
• Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

Discontinued/withdrawn

• Benmoxin (Neuralex)
• Iproclozide (Sursum)
• Iproniazid (Marsilid)
• Mebanazine (Actomol)
• Nialamide (Niamid)
• Octamoxin (Ximaol)
• Pheniprazine (Catron)
• Phenoxypropazine (Drazine)
• Pivhydrazine (Tersavid)
• Safrazine (Safra)

• Selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar, Emsam) – also a catecholaminergic activity enhancer and weak norepinephrine releasing agent (via metabolites)

Discontinued/withdrawn

• Caroxazone (Surodil, Timostenil)

• Metralindole (Inkazan)
• Moclobemide (Aurorix, Manerix)
• Pirlindole (Pirazidol)

These drugs are sometimes described as reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs).

Discontinued/withdrawn

• Eprobemide (Befol)
• Minaprine (Brantur, Cantor)
• Toloxatone (Humoryl)

• Bifemelane (Alnert, Celeport) – RIMA, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, and weak NRI

Atypical antipsychotics include:

• Amisulpride (Solian) – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for persistent depression and major depressive disorder{{cite web | title=Amisulpride | website=AdisInsight | date=24 October 2021 | url=https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800005602 | access-date=22 October 2024}}
• Levosulpiride – approved in low doses for major depressive disorder{{cite web | title=Levosulpiride | website=AdisInsight | date=24 October 2021 | url=https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800003554 | access-date=22 October 2024}}
• Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
• Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
• Quetiapine (Seroquel) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
• Sulpiride – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for major depressive disorder{{cite web | title=Kusuri-no-Shiori(Drug Information Sheet) | website=くすりの適正使用協議会 | url=https://www.rad-ar.or.jp/siori/english/search/result?n=35833 | access-date=22 October 2024}}

• D-Phenylalanine (DPA, D-Phe; Deprenon, Sabiben, Sabiden) – enkephalinase inhibitor
• Agomelatine (Valdoxan) – 5-HT_2C receptor antagonist and MT₁ and MT₂ receptor agonist
• Brexanolone (allopregnanolone; Zulresso) – GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for postpartum depression
• Esketamine (Spravato) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions{{cite web | title = SPRAVATO™ (esketamine) nasal spray FDA label | publisher = Food and Drug Administration | date = 5 March 2019 | url = https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/211243lbl.pdf | access-date = 6 March 2019}}
• Gepirone (Exxua) – 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist and α₂-adrenergic receptor antagonist
• Opipramol (Insidon) — σ₁ receptor agonist, other actions
• Tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil, Tianeurax) – weak and atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, other actions

• Ketamine (Ketalar) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang MW, Harris KM, Ho RC | title = Is off-label repeat prescription of ketamine as a rapid antidepressant safe? Controversies, ethical concerns, and legal implications | journal = BMC Med Ethics | volume = 17 | pages = 4 | year = 2016 | pmid = 26768892 | pmc = 4714497 | doi = 10.1186/s12910-016-0087-3 | doi-access = free }}

• α-Methyltryptamine [αMT] (Indopan) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), and weak RIMA
• Etryptamine [α-Ethyltryptamine (αET)] (Monase) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, SNDRA, and weak RIMA
• Indeloxazine (Elen, Noin) – serotonin releasing agent (SRA), NRI, and NMDA receptor antagonist
• Oxaflozane (Conflictan) – 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_2A, and 5-HT_2C receptor agonist
• Pivagabine (Tonerg) – unknown/unclear mechanism of action

The following antidepressants are available both with a prescription and over-the-counter:

• Ademetionine [S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe)] (Heptral, Transmetil, Samyl) – cofactor in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis
• Hypericum perforatum [St. John's Wort (SJW)] (Jarsin, Kira, Movina) – TRPC6 activator, and various other actions
• Oxitriptan [5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)] (Cincofarm, Levothym, Triptum) – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis
• Tryptophan (Tryptan, Optimax, Aminomine) – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis

Atypical antipsychotics include:

• Aripiprazole (Abilify) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
• Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
• Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression
• Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression
• Olanzapine (Zyprexa) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
• Quetiapine (Seroquel) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant or mood stabilizer for major depression and bipolar depression

• Risperidone (Risperdal)

Typical antipsychotics include:

None currently approved

• Trifluoperazine (Stelazine)

name="pmid27514300">{{cite journal | vauthors = Thase ME | title = Adverse Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotics as Adjuncts to Antidepressants: Are the Risks Worth the Benefits? | journal = Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 477–86 | year = 2016 | pmid = 27514300 | doi = 10.1016/j.psc.2016.04.008 }}

Dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

None currently approved

• Modafinil (Provigil){{cite journal | vauthors = Urban AE, Cubała WJ | title = The role of eugeroics in the treatment of affective disorders | journal = Psychiatr Pol | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–33 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 32447354 | doi = 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/90687 | url = | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kleeblatt J, Betzler F, Kilarski LL, Bschor T, Köhler S | title = Efficacy of off-label augmentation in unipolar depression: A systematic review of the evidence | journal = Eur Neuropsychopharmacol | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 423–441 | date = May 2017 | pmid = 28318897 | doi = 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.03.003 | s2cid = 3740987 | url = }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Nunez NA, Singh B, Romo-Nava F, Joseph B, Veldic M, Cuellar-Barboza A, Cabello Arreola A, Vande Voort JL, Croarkin P, Moore KM, Biernacka J, McElroy SL, Frye MA | title = Efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive modafinil/armodafinil in bipolar depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = Bipolar Disord | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 109–120 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 31643130 | doi = 10.1111/bdi.12859 | url = | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Szmulewicz AG, Angriman F, Samamé C, Ferraris A, Vigo D, Strejilevich SA | title = Dopaminergic agents in the treatment of bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Acta Psychiatr Scand | volume = 135 | issue = 6 | pages = 527–538 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28256707 | doi = 10.1111/acps.12712 | s2cid = 3712257 | url = }}
• Armodafinil (Nuvigil)

• Buspirone (Buspar) – 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist
• Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) – mood stabilizer (mechanism of action unknown/unclear)
• Thyroxine (T₄) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist)
• Triiodothyronine (T₃) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist)

• Amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide (Limbitrol) – TCA and benzodiazepine combination
• Amitriptyline/perphenazine (Etafron) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
• Bupropion/dextromethorphan (Auvelity) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, σ₁ receptor agonist, SNRI, NDRI, other actions
• Flupentixol/melitracen (Deanxit) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
• Olanzapine/fluoxetine (Symbyax) – SSRI and atypical antipsychotic combination – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression and treatment-resistant depression
• Tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine (Parstelin, Parmodalin, Jatrosom N, Stelapar) – MAOI and typical antipsychotic combination

• List of investigational antidepressants

{{Reflist}}

{{Antidepressants}}

{{Mood stabilizers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Antidepressants}}

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Category:Drug-related lists

Category:Mood stabilizers