List of popes#Numbering of popes

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File:Seznam papežů pochovaných v Bazilice sv. Petra (červen 2024).jpg (their names in Latin and the year of their burial)]]

This chronological list of the popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the {{lang|it|Annuario Pontificio}} under the heading "{{lang|it|I Sommi Pontefici Romani|italics=no}}" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the {{lang|it|Annuario Pontificio}} no longer identifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times.Annuario Pontificio (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 {{ISBN|978-88-209-8722-0}}), p. 12 The 2001 edition of the {{lang|it|Annuario Pontificio}} introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.{{cite web |url=http://www.zenit.org/article-1597?l=english |title=Corrections Made to Official List of Popes |access-date=21 October 2008 |publisher=ZENIT |date=5 June 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119001522/http://www.zenit.org/article-1597?l=english |archive-date=19 January 2009}}

The term pope ({{langx|la|text=papa|translation=father}}) is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope). This title is usually used in English to refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including {{lang|la|Summus Pontifex}}, {{lang|la|Pontifex Maximus}}, and {{lang|la|Servus servorum Dei}}. Each title has been added by unique historical events, and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.{{cite web |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12260a.htm#V |title=Papal Primacy of honour: titles and insignia |publisher=Newadvent.org |date=1 June 1911 |access-date=23 February 2013 |archive-date=31 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531055429/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12260a.htm#V |url-status=live}}

Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Christopher was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy. Pope-elect Stephen was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of the Council of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the Western Schism, extending Gregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants Alexander V and John XXIII as antipopes.

A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs.

{{Anchor|Chronological list of popes}} Chronological list of popes

= 1st millennium =

== 1st century ==

The chronology of the early popes is heavily disputed. The first ancient lists of popes were not written until the late 2nd century, after the monarchical episcopate had already developed in Rome. These first lists combined contradictory traditions, and even the succession of the first popes is disputed. The first certain dates are AD 222 and 235, the elections of Urban I and Liberius. The years given for the first 30 popes follow the work of Richard Adelbert Lipsius, which often show a 3-year difference with the traditional dates given by Eusebius of Caesarea.{{Cite book |last=Lipsius |first=Richard Adelbert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnVKgrFFMN8C&pg=PA263 |title=Chronologie der römischen Bischöfe bis zur Mitte des vierten Jahrhunderts |date=1869 |language=de |trans-title=Chronology of the Roman bishops until the middle of the fourth century |location=Kiel |publisher=Schwersche Buchhandlung |archive-date=22 July 2024 |access-date=22 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722224604/https://books.google.com/books?id=jnVKgrFFMN8C&pg=PA263 |url-status=live }} These are also the dates used by the Catholic Encyclopedia.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm The List of Popes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509181105/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm |date=9 May 2012 }}. The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1911. The exception is Saint Peter, who is given the traditional death date of AD 67.

{{pope list item portraitless

| 1

| {{circa}} 30 – {{circa}} 64
{{small|(34 years)}}

| St Peter
{{small|PETRVS}}

| Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Herodian tetrarchy {{refn|group=birth|name=Bethsaida|No longer inhabited; These lands would be annexed into Roman Syria by the Roman Empire during his pontificate.}}

| Born Shimon, son of Yonah. A Jewish peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June. Apostle of Jesus. According to Catholic tradition, he received the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew {{bibleref2-nb|Matthew|16:18–19}}). The Catholic Church recognizes him as the first bishop of Rome appointed by Jesus and therefore the first pope. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June.{{cite book |editor1-last = Fahlbusch |editor1-first = Erwin |display-editors=etal |translator-last = Bromiley |translator-first = Geoffrey William |title=Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon |trans-title=The encyclopedia of Christianity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCY4sAjTGIYC |access-date=7 September 2011 |volume=4 |year=2005 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-0-8028-2416-5 |pages=272–282 |chapter=Pope, Papacy |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA272}} St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is named after him.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 2

| {{circa}} 64 – {{circa}} 76 (?)
{{small|(12 years)}}

| St Linus
{{small|LINVS}}

| Volterrae, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Volterra|Now Volterra, Italy}}

| First Roman pope. Roman citizen, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans.{{refn|group=birth|name=Italia|Roman citizenship was given to the rest of the Italians by the end of the Social War in 87 BC.}}Against Heresies 3:3.3 Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June. Possibly mentioned in the New Testament (Second Epistle to Timothy {{bibleref2-nb|2 Timothy|4:21}}).{{cite book |last=Kirsch |first=Johann Peter|author-link=Johann Peter Kirsch|chapter-url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09272b.htm |year=1910 |chapter=Pope St. Linus |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |volume=9 |location=New York |publisher=Robert Appleton Company|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=9 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509174936/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09272b.htm|url-status=live}}

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 3

| {{circa}} 76 – {{circa}} 88 (?)
{{small|(12 years)}}

| St Anacletus
{{small|ANACLETVS}}

| Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Athens|Now Athens, Greece}}

| First Greek pope. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04012c.htm The fourth pope] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508081856/http://newadvent.org/cathen/04012c.htm |date=8 May 2012 }} Discussed in the article on Clement I Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.

}}

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| 4

| {{circa}} 88 – {{circa}} 97 (?)
{{small|(9 years)}}

| St Clement I
{{small|CLEMENS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome|Now Rome, Italy}}

| Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Feast day 23 November. The earliest Apostolic Father; issued First Clement, which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November. Possibly mentioned in the New Testament (Epistle to the Philippians {{bibleref2-nb| Philippians|4:3}}).{{cite book |author=Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. |title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA363 |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-280290-3 |page=363|access-date=21 October 2022|archive-date=25 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125134433/https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}} He was martyred by being tied to an anchor and being thrown into the sea.

}}

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| 5

| {{circa}} 97 – {{circa}} 105 (?)
{{small|(8 years)}}

| St Evaristus
{{small|EVARISTVS}}

| Bethlehem, Judaea, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Bethlehem|Now Bethlehem, Palestine}}

| A Hellenized Jew. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day of 26 October. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each.

}}

== 2nd century ==

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| 6

| {{circa}} 105 – {{circa}} 115 (?)
{{small|(10 years)}}

| St Alexander I
{{small|ALEXANDER}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Feast day 3 May. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 March.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 7

| {{circa}} 115 – {{circa}} 125
{{small|(10 years)}}

| St Sixtus I
{{small|XYSTVS}}

| c. 42 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| A Roman of Greek descent, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day 6 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 8

| {{circa}} 125 – {{circa}} 136
{{small|(11 years)}}

| St Telesphorus
{{small|TELESPHORVS}}

| Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Terranova|Now Terranova da Sibari, Italy}}

| A Roman of Greek descent, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day 5 January. Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr; the earliest attested martyrdom of pope after St. Peter. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 9

| {{circa}} 136 – {{circa}} 140
{{small|(4 years)}}

| St Hyginus
{{small|HYGINVS}}

| Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Athens}}

| Greek. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 10

| {{circa}} 140 – {{circa}} 155
{{small|(15 years)}}

| St Pius I
{{small|PIVS}}

| Aquileia, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Aquileia|Now Aquileia, Italy}}

| Roman citizen, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Brother of the freedman Hermas. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that Easter should only be celebrated on a Sunday.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 11

| {{circa}} 155 – 166/7
{{small|(11–12 years)}}

| St Anicetus
{{small|ANICETVS}}

| Emesa, Syria, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Homs|Now Homs, Syria}}

| Hellenized Syrian; first Syrian pope. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 20 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 12

| 166/7 – 174/5
{{small|(8–9 years)}}

| St Soter
{{small|SOTERIVS}}

| Fundi, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Fondi|Now Fondi, Italy}}

| Roman citizen, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 13

| 174/5 – 189
{{small|(14–15 years)}}

| St Eleutherius
{{small|ELEVTHERIVS}}

| Nicopolis, Epirus, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Nicopolis|Now a Roman ruin near Preveza, Greece}}

| Greek. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 14

| 189 – 198/9
{{small|(9–10 years)}}

| St Victor I
{{small|VICTOR}}

| Africa, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|It is not clear when Pope Victor I was born, and where he was born, although some{{cite news |last1=Fisher |first1=Max |title=WorldViews Sorry, Jorge Mario Bergoglio is not the first non-European pope |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/03/13/sorry-jorge-mario-bergoglio-is-not-the-first-non-european-pope/|access-date=24 November 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=13 March 2013|archive-date=8 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508052548/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/03/13/sorry-jorge-mario-bergoglio-is-not-the-first-non-european-pope/|url-status=live}} suggest he was born in Leptis Magna, now a part of Libya.}}

| Roman Berber; first pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day 28 July or 11 January. Known for excommunicating Theodotus of Byzantium. Quartodecimanism controversy.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 15

| 198/9 –
20 December 217
{{small|(18–19 years)}}

| St Zephyrinus
{{small|ZEPHYRINVS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Although not physically martyred (murdered), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured; feast day 20 December. Combated against the adoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus of Byzantium, who were ruled by Theodotus and Asclepiodotus.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| {{circa}} 198/9 –
{{circa}} 199/200
{{small|(1 year)}}

| Natalius
{{small|NATALIVS}}

| style="font-size:85%"| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. In opposition to Zephyrinus. Later reconciled.

== 3rd century ==

{{pope list item portraitless

| 16

| 218 –
14 October 222
{{small|(4 years)}}

| St Callixtus I
{{small|CALLISTVS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred; feast day 14 October.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 217 – 235
{{small|(18 years)}}

| St Hippolytus
{{small|HIPPOLYTVS}}

| style="font-size:85%"| c. 170

| style="font-size:85%"| 47 / 65

| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I, and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below).

{{pope list item portraitless

| 17

| 222 –
19 May 230
{{small|(7 years)}}

| St Urban I
{{small|VRBANVS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen. Feast day 25 May. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 18

| 21 July 230 –
28 September 235
{{small|({{Age in years and days|230|07|21|235|09|28}})}}

| St Pontian
{{small|PONTIANVS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen. Feast day 13 August. First to abdicate due to his exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Catalogue recorded his exile on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.{{cite book |last=Mcbrien |first=Richard P. |title=The Pocket Guide to the Popes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LD59jfaKEIsC&pg=PA30 |access-date=6 March 2012 |date=2006 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-113773-0 |pages=30–31 |archive-date=10 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310123008/https://books.google.com/books?id=LD59jfaKEIsC&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/chronography_of_354_13_bishops_of_rome.htm |title=The Chronography of 354 AD. Part 13: Bishops of Rome |pages=from Theosodr Mommsen, MGH Chronica Minora I (1892), pp. 73–76 |access-date= 6 March 2012 |archive-date= 6 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181006041329/http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/chronography_of_354_13_bishops_of_rome.htm |url-status= live}} Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 19

| 21 November 235 –
3 January 236
{{small|({{Age in years and days|235|11|21|236|01|03}})}}

| St Anterus
{{small|ANTERVS}}

| Petelia, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Petilia|Now Petilia Policastro, Italy}}

| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 20

| 10 February 236 –
20 January 250
{{small|({{Age in years and days|236|02|10|250|01|20}})}}

| St Fabian
{{small|FABIANVS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen. Feast day 20 January. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 21

| March 251 –
June 253
{{small|(2 years, 3 months)}}

| St Cornelius
{{small|CORNELIVS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| March 251 – 258
{{small|(7 years)}}

| Novatian
{{small|NOVATIANVS}}

| style="font-size:85%"| c. 200–220 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| style="font-size:85%"| 31–51 / 38–58

| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition to Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I, and Sixtus II.

{{pope list item portraitless

| 22

| 25 June 253 –
5 March 254
{{small|({{Age in years and days|253|06|25|254|03|05}})}}

| St Lucius I
{{small|LUCIVS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen. Feast day 5 March.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 23

| 12 March 254 –
2 August 257
{{small|({{Age in years and days|254|03|12|257|08|02}})}}

| St Stephen I
{{small|STEPHANVS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 24

| 31 August 257 –
6 August 258
{{small|({{Age in years and days|257|08|31|258|08|06}})}}

| St Sixtus II
{{small|XYSTVS Secundus}}

| Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Athens}}

| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 6 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 25

| 22 July 259 –
27 December 268
{{small|({{Age in years and days|259|07|22|268|12|27}})}}

| St Dionysius
{{small|DIONYSIVS}}

| Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Terranova}}

| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 26 December.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 26

| 5 January 269 –
30 December 274
{{small|({{Age in years and days|269|01|05|274|12|30}})}}

| St Felix I
{{small|FELIX}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen. Feast day 30 December.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 27

| 4 January 275 –
7 December 283
{{small|({{Age in years and days|275|01|04|283|12|07}})}}

| St Eutychian
{{small|EVTYCHIANVS}}

| Luna, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Luni|Now Luni, Italy}}

| Roman citizen. Feast day 8 December.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 28

| 17 December 283 –
22 April 296
{{small|({{Age in years and days|283|12|17|296|04|22}})}}

| St Caius
{{small|CAIVS}}

| Salona, Dalmatia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Salona|Now a Roman ruin near Solin, Croatia}}

| Roman citizen. Martyred by beheading (according to legend); feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 29

| 30 June 296 –
25 October 304
{{small|({{Age in years and days|296|06|30|304|10|25}})}}

| St Marcellinus
{{small|MARCELLINVS}}

| Roma, Italia, Roman Empire{{refn|group=birth|name=Rome}}

| Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.

}}

== 4th century ==

{{pope list item portraitless

| 30

| 27 May 308 –
16 January 309
{{small|({{Age in years and days|308|05|27|309|01|16}})}}

| St Marcellus I
{{small|MARCELLVS}}

| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Banished from Rome by Emperor Maxentius (309) and died in exile; feast day 16 January.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 31

| 18 April 309 –
17 August 310
{{small|({{Age in years and days|309|04|18|310|08|17}})}}

| St Eusebius
{{small|EVSEBIVS}}

| Achaea, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen of Greek descent. Banished by Emperor Maxentius and died in exile; feast day 17 August.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 32

| 2 July 311 –
10 January 314
{{small|({{Age in years and days|311|07|02|314|01|10}})}}

| St Miltiades
(Melchiades)
{{small|MILTIADES}}

| Africa, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen of Berber descent. Feast day 10 January. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313), issued by Emperor Constantine I. Presided over the Lateran Council of 313.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 33

| 31 January 314 –
31 December 335
{{small|({{Age in years and days|314|01|31|335|12|31}})}}

| St Sylvester I
{{small|SILVESTER}}

| Fanum Sancti Angeli de Scala, Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. Pope during the First Council of Nicaea (325), the first ecumenical council. Under him were built: the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, the Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, and the Old St. Peter's Basilica. Stated to be the recipient of the Donation of Constantine, which was later shown to be a forgery.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 34

| 18 January 336 –
7 October 336
{{small|({{Age in years and days|336|01|18|336|10|07}})}}

| St Mark
{{small|MARCVS}}

| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 7 October. Compiled stories of martyrs and bishops before his time. May have founded two churches in the area of Rome: Church of San Marco and a church at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 35

| 6 February 337 –
12 April 352
{{small|({{Age in years and days|337|02|06|352|04|12}})}}

| St Julius I
{{small|IVLIVS}}

| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 12 April. He was involved in the Arian controversy, supporting Athanasius of Alexandria.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 36

| 17 May 352 –
24 September 366
{{small|({{Age in years and days|352|05|17|366|09|24}})}}

| Liberius
{{small|LIBERIVS}}

| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Banished by the Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II and later yielding to him. Earliest pope not canonized by the Latin Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.{{cite web |url=http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=102408 |title=OCA – St Liberius the Pope of Rome |publisher=Ocafs.oca.org |access-date=23 February 2013 |archive-date=29 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029032025/http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=102408 |url-status=live}}

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 355 –
22 November 365
{{small|({{Age in years and days|355|11|22|365|11|22}})}}

| Felix II
{{small|FELIX Secundus}}

| style="font-size:85%"| c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| style="font-size:85%"| 55 / 65

| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Liberius. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II.

{{pope list item portraitless

| 37

| 1 October 366 –
11 December 384
{{small|({{Age in years and days|366|10|01|384|12|11}})}}

| St Damasus I
{{small|DAMASVS}}

| c. 305 Egitania, Lusitania or Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| 60 / 78

| Roman citizen. First pope from modern-day Portugal. Feast day 11 December. Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Pope during the First Council of Constantinople (381), the second ecumenical council, and the Council of Rome (382). First pope to be the official head of the church after Emperor Gratian abdicated the title of Pontifex Maximus.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 1 October 366 –
16 November 367
{{small|({{Age in years and days|366|10|01|367|11|16}})}}

| Ursinus
{{small|VRSINVS}}

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by Emperor Valentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.

{{pope list item portraitless

| 38

| 17 December 384 –
26 November 399
{{small|({{Age in years and days|384|12|17|399|11|26}})}}

| St Siricius
{{small|SIRICIVS}}

| c. 334 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| 50 / 65

| Roman citizen. Feast day 26 November. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—were focused particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius's important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop Himerius of Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Siricius |title=Saint Siricius|access-date=24 June 2015|archive-date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411175106/http://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Siricius|url-status=live}}

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 39

| 27 November 399 –
19 December 401
{{small|({{Age in years and days|399|11|27|401|12|19}})}}

| St Anastasius I
{{small|ANASTASIVS}}

| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 19 December. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the Gospels.

}}

== 5th century ==

{{pope list item portraitless

| 40

| 21 December 401 –
12 March 417
{{small|({{Age in years and days|401|12|21|417|03|12}})}}

| St Innocent I
{{small|INNOCENTIVS}}

| Albanum, Latium et Campania, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 12 March. Rome was sacked by the Visigoths under King Alaric I (410).

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 41

| 18 March 417 –
26 December 418
{{small|({{Age in years and days|417|03|18|418|12|26}})}}

| St Zosimus
{{small|ZOSIMVS}}

| Messurga, Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen of Greek descent. Feast day 27 December.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 27 December 418 –
3 April 419
{{small|({{Age in years and days|418|12|27|419|04|03}})}}

| Eulalius
{{small|EVLALIVS}}

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of Emperor Honorius but lost it quickly. Exiled to Campania and died in 423.

{{pope list item portraitless

| 42

| 28 December 418 –
4 September 422
{{small|({{Age in years and days|418|12|28|422|09|04}})}}

| St Boniface I
{{small|BONIFACIVS}}

| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 25 October.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 43

| 10 September 422 –
27 July 432
{{small|({{Age in years and days|422|09|10|432|07|27}})}}

| St Celestine I
{{small|CAELESTINVS}}

| Campania, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 27 July. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the Council of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 44

| 31 July 432 –
18 August 440
{{small|({{Age in years and days|432|07|31|440|08|18}})}}

| St Sixtus III
{{small|XYSTVS Tertius}}

| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 28 March.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 45

| 29 September 440 –
10 November 461
{{small|({{Age in years and days|440|09|29|461|11|10}})}}

| St Leo I
"the Great"
{{small|LEO MAGNVS}}

| Etruria, Italy, Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 10 November. Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Convinced the Vandals to spare the lives of the citizenry of Rome during their sack of the city. Wrote the Tome, which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon (451) and in defining the hypostatic union. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 46

| 19 November 461 –
29 February 468
{{small|({{Age in years and days|461|11|19|468|02|29}})}}

| St Hilarius
{{small|HILARIVS}}

| Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire

| Roman citizen. Feast day 28 February.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 47

| 3 March 468 –
10 March 483
{{small|({{Age in years and days|468|03|03|483|03|10}})}}

| St Simplicius
{{small|SIMPLICIVS}}

| Tibur, Italy, Western Roman Empire

| Roman citizen, later a subject of the Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 10 March. Pope during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by King Odoacer.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 48

| 13 March 483 –
1 March 492
{{small|({{Age in years and days|483|03|13|492|03|01}})}}

| St Felix III
{{small|FELIX Tertius}}

| Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire

| Roman citizen, later a subject of the Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 1 March. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather of Gregory I.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 49

| 1 March 492 –
21 November 496
{{small|({{Age in years and days|492|03|01|496|11|21}})}}

| St Gelasius I
{{small|GELASIVS}}

| Mons Ferratus, Africa, Western Roman Empire

| Roman citizen of Berber descent, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy; last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Feast day 21 November. First pope called the Vicarius Christi (Vicar of Christ).{{cite web |url=http://www.faithfirst.com/html/popeJohn/timeline/timeline.html |title=Papal Timeline |date=2005|access-date=3 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720180546/http://www.faithfirst.com/html/popeJohn/timeline/timeline.html|archive-date=20 July 2014}}

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 50

| 24 November 496 –
19 November 498
{{small|({{Age in years and days|496|11|24|498|11|19}})}}

| Anastasius II
{{small|ANASTASIVS Secundus}}

| Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire

| Roman citizen of Greek descent, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Tried to end the Acacian schism, but it resulted in the Laurentian schism. Earliest pope not canonized by either the Latin Church or the Eastern Church.

}}

{{pope list item portraitless

| 51

| 22 November 498 –
19 July 514
{{small|({{Age in years and days|498|11|22|514|07|19}})}}

| St Symmachus
{{small|SYMMACHVS}}

| Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire

| Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 19 July.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 22 November 498 –
Aug 506/8
{{small|({{Age in years and days|498|11|22|506|08|01}})}}

| Laurentius
{{small|LAVRENTIVS}}

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. In opposition to Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.

== 6th century ==

{{pope list item

| 52

| 20 July 514 –
6 August 523
{{small|({{Age in years and days|514|07|20|523|08|06}})}}

| St Hormisdas
{{small|HORMISDAS}}

| Hormisdas

| c. 450 Frusino, Italy, Western Roman Empire

| 64 / 73

| Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 6 August. Father of Silverius. Acacian schism.

}}

{{pope list item

| 53

| 13 August 523 –
18 May 526
{{small|({{Age in years and days|523|08|13|526|05|18}})}}

| St John I
{{small|IOANNES}}

| Ioannes

| Sena Iulia, Italy, Western Roman Empire

| Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 18 May.

}}

{{pope list item

| 54

| 12 July 526 –
22 September 530
{{small|({{Age in years and days|526|07|12|530|09|22}})}}

| 80px

| St Felix IV
{{small|FELIX Quartus}}

| Felix

| c. 490 Samnium, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy

| 36 / 40

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast day 30 January. Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.

}}

{{pope list item

| 55

| 22 September 530 –
17 October 532
{{small|({{Age in years and days|530|09|22|532|10|17}})}}

| Boniface II
{{small|BONIFACIVS Secundus}}

| Bonifacius

| Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy

| Ostrogoth; first Germanic pope. Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Changed the method of numbering the years in the Julian calendar from Anno Martyrum to Anno Domini.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 22 September 530 –
14 October 530
{{small|({{Age in years and days|530|09|22|530|10|14}})}}

| Dioscorus
{{small|DIOSCORVS}}

| Dioscorus

| style="font-size:85%"| Alexandria, Aegyptus, Eastern Roman Empire

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition to Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, died less than a month after his election.

{{pope list item

| 56

| 2 January 533 –
8 May 535
{{small|({{Age in years and days|533|01|02|535|05|08}})}}

| John II
{{small|IOANNES Secundus}}

| Mercurius

| c. 475 Rome, Western Roman Empire

| 58 / 60

| Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. First pope not to use his personal name (Mercurius), as it was associated with the Roman god Mercury.

}}

{{pope list item

| 57

| 13 May 535 –
22 April 536
{{small|({{Age in years and days|535|05|02|536|04|22}})}}

| St Agapetus I
{{small|AGAPETVS}}

| Agapetus

| c. 490 Rome, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy

| 45 / 46

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.

}}

{{pope list item

| 58

| 8 June 536 –
11 March 537
{{small|({{Age in years and days|536|06|08|537|03|11}})}}

| St Silverius
{{small|SILVERIVS}}

| Silverius

| Cicanum, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Exiled; feast day 20 June. Son of Hormisdas.

}}

{{pope list item

| 59

| 29 March 537 –
7 June 555
{{small|({{Age in years and days|537|03|29|555|06|07}})}}

| Vigilius
{{small|VIGILIVS}}

| Vigilius

| c. 497 Rome, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy

| 40 / 58

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during the Second Council of Constantinople (553), the fifth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

}}

{{pope list item

| 60

| 16 April 556 –
4 March 561
{{small|({{Age in years and days|556|04|16|561|03|04}})}}

| Pelagius I
{{small|PELAGIVS}}

| Pelagius

| c. 500 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy

| 56 / 61

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli.

}}

{{pope list item

| 61

| 17 July 561 –
13 July 574
{{small|({{Age in years and days|561|07|17|574|07|13}})}}

| John III
{{small|IOANNES Tertius}}

| Catelinus

| Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Second pope not to use his personal name (Catelinus).

}}

{{pope list item

| 62

| 2 June 575 –
30 July 579
{{small|({{Age in years and days|575|06|02|579|07|30}})}}

| Benedict I
{{small|BENEDICTVS}}

| Benedictus

| Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 63

| 26 November 579 –
7 February 590
{{small|({{Age in years and days|579|11|26|590|02|07}})}}

| Pelagius II
{{small|PELAGIVS Secundus}}

| Pelagius

| Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy

| Romanized Ostrogoth. Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.

}}

{{pope list item

| 64

| 3 September 590 –
12 March 604
{{small|({{Age in years and days|590|09|03|604|03|12}})}}

| 80px

| St Gregory I
"the Great"
{{small|GREGORIVS MAGNVS}}

| Gregorius

| c. 540 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire

| 50 / 64

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 3 September. Great-great-grandson of Felix III. First pope to employ the titles Pontifex Maximus and Servus servorum Dei formally. Established the Gregorian chant. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy.

}}

== 7th century ==

{{pope list item

| 65

| 13 September 604 –
22 February 606
{{small|({{Age in years and days|604|09|13|606|02|22}})}}

| Sabinian
{{small|SABINIANVS}}

| Sabinianus

| c. 530 Blera, Eastern Roman Empire

| 74 / 76

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. For the next two centuries, the Roman popes were all controlled by the (Eastern) Roman Empire.

}}

{{pope list item

| 66

| 19 February 607 –
12 November 607
{{small|({{Age in years and days|607|02|19|607|11|12}})}}

| Boniface III
{{small|BONIFACIVS Tertius}}

| Bonifacius

| Rome, Eastern Roman Empire

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek descent.

}}

{{pope list item

| 67

| 15 September 608 –
8 May 615
{{small|({{Age in years and days|608|09|15|615|05|08}})}}

| St Boniface IV
{{small|BONIFACIVS Quartus}}

| Bonifacius, O.S.B.

| c. 550 Marsica, Eastern Roman Empire

| 58 / 65

| Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 May. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.

}}

{{pope list item

| 68

| 13 November 615 –
8 November 618
{{small|({{Age in years and days|615|11|13|618|11|08}})}}

| 80px

| St Adeodatus I
{{small|ADEODATVS}}

| Adeodatus (or Deusdedit)

| Rome, Eastern Roman Empire

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 November. Sometimes called Deusdedit. First pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called papal bulls.

}}

{{pope list item

| 69

| 23 December 619 –
25 October 625
{{small|({{Age in years and days|619|12|23|625|10|25}})}}

| Boniface V
{{small|BONIFACIVS Quintus}}

| Bonifacius

| Neapolis, Eastern Roman Empire

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 70

| 27 October 625 –
12 October 638
{{small|({{Age in years and days|625|10|27|638|10|12}})}}

| 80px

| Honorius I
{{small|HONORIVS}}

| Honorius

| Ceperanum, Campania, Eastern Roman Empire

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople (680).

}}

{{pope list item

| 71

| 28 May 640 –
2 August 640
{{small|({{Age in years and days|640|05|28|640|08|02}})}}

| Severinus
{{small|SEVERINVS}}

| Severinus

| c. 585 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire

| 55 / 55

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 72

| 24 December 640 –
12 October 642
{{small|({{Age in years and days|640|12|24|642|10|12}})}}

| John IV
{{small|IOANNES Quartus}}

| Ioannes

| c. 585 Iadera, Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire

| 53 / 55

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 73

| 24 November 642 –
14 May 649
{{small|({{Age in years and days|642|11|24|649|05|14}})}}

| Theodore I
{{small|THEODORVS}}

| Theodorus

| Hierosolyma, Eastern Roman Empire

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of 649 but died before it could open.

}}

{{pope list item

| 74

| 5 July 649 –
16 September 655
{{small|({{Age in years and days|649|07|05|655|09|16}})}}

| St Martin I
{{small|MARTINVS}}

| Martinus

| c. 598 Near Tuder, Umbria, Eastern Roman Empire

| 51 / 57

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Last pope recognized as a martyr; feast day 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.

}}

{{pope list item

| 75

| 10 August 654 –
2 June 657
{{small|({{Age in years and days|654|08|10|657|06|02}})}}

| St Eugene I
{{small|EVGENIVS}}

| Eugenius

| c. 615 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| 39 / 42

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 2 June.

}}

{{pope list item

| 76

| 30 July 657 –
27 January 672
{{small|({{Age in years and days|657|07|30|672|01|27}})}}

| 80px

| St Vitalian
{{small|VITALIANVS}}

| Vitalianus

| c. 600 Signia, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| 56 / 71

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 27 January.

}}

{{pope list item

| 77

| 11 April 672 –
17 June 676
{{small|({{Age in years and days|672|04|11|676|06|17}})}}

| Adeodatus II
{{small|ADEODATVS Secundus}}

| Adeodatus, O.S.B.

| c. 621 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| 51 / 55

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Sometimes called Adeodatus, without a number, in reference to Adeodatus I sometimes being called Deusdedit.

}}

{{pope list item

| 78

| 2 November 676 –
11 April 678
{{small|({{Age in years and days|676|11|02|678|04|11}})}}

| Donus
{{small|DONVS}}

| Donus

| Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 79

| 27 June 678 –
10 January 681
{{small|({{Age in years and days|678|06|27|681|01|10}})}}

| 80px

| St Agatho
{{small|AGATHO}}

| Agatho

| c. 577 Panormus, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire

| 101 / 104

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 10 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February. Pope during the Third Council of Constantinople (680), the sixth ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

}}

{{pope list item

| 80

| 17 August 682 –
3 July 683
{{small|({{Age in years and days|682|08|17|683|07|03}})}}

| St Leo II
{{small|LEO Secundus}}

| Leo

| c. 611 Aydonum, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire

| 71 / 72

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 3 July.

}}

{{pope list item

| 81

| 26 June 684 –
8 May 685
{{small|({{Age in years and days|684|06|26|685|05|08}})}}

| St Benedict II
{{small|BENEDICTVS Secundus}}

| Benedictus

| c. 635 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| 49 / 50

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 7 May.

}}

{{pope list item

| 82

| 23 July 685 –
2 August 686
{{small|({{Age in years and days|685|07|23|686|08|2}})}}

| 80px

| John V
{{small|IOANNES Quintus}}

| Ioannes

| c. 635 Antiochia, Syria, Eastern Roman Empire

| 50 / 51

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 83

| 21 October 686 –
21 September 687
{{small|({{Age in years and days|686|10|21|687|09|21}})}}

| Conon
{{small|CONON}}

| Conon

| c. 630 Thracia, Eastern Roman Empire

| 56 / 57

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 84

| 15 December 687 –
8 September 701
{{small|({{Age in years and days|687|12|15|701|09|08}})}}

| St Sergius I
{{small|SERGIVS}}

| Sergius

| c. 650 Palermo, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire

| 37 / 51

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was a Hellenized Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at Mass.

}}

== 8th century ==

{{pope list item

| 85

| 30 October 701 –
11 January 705
{{small|({{Age in years and days|701|10|30|705|01|11}})}}

| John VI
{{small|IOANNES Sextus}}

| Ioannes

| c. 655 Ephesus, Eastern Roman Empire

| 46 / 50

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The only pope who came from Asia Minor.

}}

{{pope list item

| 86

| 1 March 705 –
18 October 707
{{small|({{Age in years and days|705|03|01|707|10|18}})}}

| 80px

| John VII
{{small|IOANNES Septimus}}

| Ioannes

| c. 650 Rossanum, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire

| 55 / 57

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.

}}

{{pope list item

| 87

| 15 January 708 –
4 February 708
{{small|({{Age in years and days|708|01|15|708|02|04}})}}

| Sisinnius
{{small|SISINNIVS}}

| Sisinnius

| Syria, Rashidun Caliphate

| Subject of the Rashidun Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 88

| 25 March 708 –
9 April 715
{{small|({{Age in years and days|708|03|25|715|04|09}})}}

| Constantine
{{small|CONSTANTINVS}}

| Constantinus

| c. 664 Tyre, Jund al-Urdunn, Syria, Umayyad Caliphate

| 44 / 51

| Subject of the Umayyad Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity. Last pope to visit Greece while in office until John Paul II in 2001.

}}

{{pope list item

| 89

| 19 May 715 –
11 February 731
{{small|({{Age in years and days|715|05|19|731|02|11}})}}

| St Gregory II
{{small|GREGORIVS Secundus}}

| Gregorius

| c. 669 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| 46 / 62

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).

}}

{{pope list item

| 90

| 18 March 731 –
28 November 741
{{small|({{Age in years and days|731|03|18|741|11|28}})}}

| File:178-7866 IMG - Gregorius III AV.png

| St Gregory III
{{small|GREGORIVS Tertius}}

| Gregorius

| Syria, Umayyad Caliphate

| Subject of the Umayyad Caliphate; last pope from Syria. Third pope to come from a Muslim country. Last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francis in 2013. Third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.

}}

{{pope list item

| 91

| 3 December 741 –
22 March 752
{{small|({{Age in years and days|741|12|03|752|03|22}})}}

| 80px

| St Zachary
{{small|ZACHARIAS}}

| Zacharias

| c. 679 Sancta Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire

| 62 / 73

| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 15 March. Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 23 March 752 –
26 March 752
{{small|({{Age in years and days|752|03|23|752|03|26}})}}
{{small|(Never took office as pope)}}

| Stephen (II)
{{small|STEPHANVS (Secundus)}}

| Stephanus

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the 16th century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.

{{pope list item

|92

| 26 March 752 –
26 April 757
{{small|({{Age in years and days|752|03|26|757|04|26}})}}

| Stephen II
{{small|STEPHANVS Secundus}}

| Stephanus

| c. 714 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| 38 / 43

| (Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen III. The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I.

}}

{{pope list item

| 93

| 29 May 757 –
28 June 767
{{small|({{Age in years and days|757|05|29|767|06|28}})}}

| St Paul I
{{small|PAVLVS}}

| Paulus

| c. 700 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| 57 / 67

| (Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Brother of Stephen II.

}}

{{pope list item

| 94

| 7 August 768 –
24 January 772
{{small|({{Age in years and days|768|08|07|772|01|24}})}}

| Stephen III
{{small|STEPHANVS Tertius}}

| Stephanus

| c. 720 Syracuse, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire

| 48 / 52

| (Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Greek ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen IV. He summoned the Lateran Council of 769.

}}

{{pope list item

| 95

| 1 February 772 –
26 December 795
{{small|({{Age in years and days|772|02|01|795|12|26}})}}

| Adrian I
{{small|HADRIANVS}}

| Hadrianus

| c. 700 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| 72 / 95

| (Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during the Second Council of Nicaea (787), the seventh ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

}}

{{pope list item

| 96

| 26 December 795 –
12 June 816
{{small|({{Age in years and days|795|12|26|816|06|12}})}}

| 80px

| St Leo III
{{small|LEO Tertius}}

| Leo

| Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire

| (Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Crowned Emperor Charlemagne on Christmas Day in 800, thereby initiating what would become the Holy Roman Empire, requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its rulers' legitimacy.

}}

== 9th century ==

{{pope list item

| 97

| 22 June 816 –
24 January 817
{{small|({{Age in years and days|816|06|22|817|01|24}})}}

| Stephen IV
{{small|STEPHANVS Quartus}}

| Stephanus

| Rome, Papal States

| First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the (Eastern) Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.

}}

{{pope list item

| 98

| 25 January 817 –
11 February 824
{{small|({{Age in years and days|817|01|25|824|02|11}})}}

| 80px

| St Paschal I
{{small|PASCHALIS}}

| Paschalis

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Son of Bonosus and Theodora. Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus and building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.

}}

{{pope list item

| 99

| 6 June 824 –
27 August 827
{{small|({{Age in years and days|824|05|08|827|08|27}})}}

| Eugene II
{{small|EVGENIVS Secundus}}

| Eugenius

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 100

| 31 August 827 –
10 October 827
{{small|({{Age in years and days|827|08|31|827|10|10}})}}

| Valentine
{{small|VALENTINVS}}

| Valentinus

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 101

| 20 December 827 –
25 January 844
{{small|({{Age in years and days|827|12|20|844|01|25}})}}

| 80px

| Gregory IV
{{small|GREGORIVS Quartus}}

| Gregorius

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel. Transferred the body of Gregory I.

}}

{{pope list item

| 102

| 25 January 844 –
27 January 847
{{small|({{Age in years and days|844|01|25|847|01|27}})}}

| Sergius II
{{small|SERGIVS Secundus}}

| Sergius

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 103

| 10 April 847 –
17 July 855
{{small|({{Age in years and days|847|04|10|855|07|17}})}}

| 80px

| St Leo IV
{{small|LEO Quartus}}

| Leo, O.S.B.

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

}}

{{pope list item

| 104

| 29 September 855 –
17 April 858
{{small|({{Age in years and days|855|09|29|858|04|17}})}}

| Benedict III
{{small|BENEDICTVS Tertius}}

| Benedictus

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 105

| 24 April 858 –
13 November 867
{{small|({{Age in years and days|858|04|24|867|11|13}})}}

| St Nicholas I
"the Great"
{{small|NICOLAVS MAGNVS}}

| Nicolaus

| c. 800 Rome, Papal States

| 58 / 67

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Feast day 13 November. Encouraged missionary activity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 106

| 14 December 867 –
14 December 872
{{small|({{Age in years and days|867|12|14|872|12|14}})}}

| Adrian II
{{small|HADRIANVS Secundus}}

| Hadrianus

| c. 792 Rome, Papal States

| 75 / 80

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Pope during the Fourth Council of Constantinople (869–870), the eighth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.

}}

{{pope list item

| 107

| 14 December 872 –
16 December 882
{{small|({{Age in years and days|872|12|14|882|12|16}})}}

| 80px

| John VIII
{{small|IOANNES Octavus}}

| Ioannes

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope to be assassinated.

}}

{{pope list item

| 108

| 16 December 882 –
15 May 884
{{small|({{Age in years and days|882|12|16|884|05|15}})}}

| Marinus I
{{small|MARINVS}}

| Marinus

| c. 830 Gallese, Papal States

| 52 / 54

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Erroneously also known as Martin II.

}}

{{pope list item

| 109

| 17 May 884 –
8 July 885
{{small|({{Age in years and days|884|05|17|885|09|15}})}}

| St Adrian III
{{small|HADRIANVS Tertius}}

| Hadrianus

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Feast day 8 July. Adrian I was possibly his ancestor.

}}

{{pope list item

| 110

| September 885 –
14 September 891
{{small|({{Age in years and days|885|09|14|891|09|04}})}}

| Stephen V
{{small|STEPHANVS Quintus}}

| Stephanus

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VI.

}}

{{pope list item

| 111

| 6 October 891 –
4 April 896
{{small|({{Age in years and days|891|10|06|896|04|04}})}}

| Formosus
{{small|FORMOSVS}}

| Formosus

| c. 816 Ostia, Papal States

| 75 / 80

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Posthumously tried and executed by Stephen VI in January 897 at the Cadaver Synod. His body was reburied with full Christian honours in the late 897.

}}

{{pope list item

| 112

| 11 April 896 –
26 April 896
{{small|({{Age in years and days|896|04|11|896|04|26}})}}

| Boniface VI
{{small|BONIFATIVS Sextus}}

| Bonifatius

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 113

| 22 May 896 –
14 August 897
{{small|({{Age in years and days|896|05|22|897|08|14}})}}

| Stephen VI
{{small|STEPHANVS}}

| Stephanus

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.

}}

{{pope list item

| 114

| 14 August 897 –
November 897
{{small|({{Age in years and days|897|08|01|897|11|01}})}}

| Romanus
{{small|ROMANVS}}

| Romanus

| Gallese, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 115

| December 897 –
20 December 897
{{small|({{Age in years and days|897|12|01|897|12|20}})}}

| Theodore II
{{small|THEODORVS Secundus}}

| Theodorus

| c. 840 Rome, Papal States

| 57 / 57

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Greek ethnicity.

}}

{{pope list item

| 116

| 18 January 898 –
5 January 900
{{small|({{Age in years and days|898|01|18|900|01|05}})}}

| John IX
{{small|IOANNES Nonus}}

| Ioannes, O.S.B.

| c. 825 Tivoli, Papal States

| 73 / 75

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

}}

{{pope list item

| 117

| 1 February 900 –
30 July 903
{{small|({{Age in years and days|900|02|01|903|07|30}})}}

| 80px

| Benedict IV
{{small|BENEDICTVS Quartus}}

| Benedictus

| c. 840 Rome, Papal States

| 60 / 63

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

== 10th century ==

{{pope list item

| 118

| 30 July 903 –
December 903
{{small|({{Age in years and days|903|07|30|903|12|01}})}}

| Leo V
{{small|LEO Quintus}}

| Leo

| Ardea, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Deposed and murdered.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| October 903 –
January 904
{{small|({{Age in years and days|903|10|01|904|01|01}})}}

| Christopher
{{small|CHRISTOFORVS}}

| Christoforus

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Leo V.

{{pope list item

| 119

| 29 January 904 –
14 April 911
{{small|({{Age in years and days|904|01|29|911|04|14}})}}

| Sergius III
{{small|SERGIVS Tertius}}

| Sergius

| c. 860 Rome, Papal States

| 44 / 51

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Saeculum obscurum began. First pope to be depicted with the papal tiara.

}}

{{pope list item

| 120

| 14 April 911 –
June 913
{{small|({{Age in years and days|911|04|14|913|06|01}})}}

| 80px

| Anastasius III
{{small|ANASTASIVS Tertius}}

| Anastasius

| c. 865 Rome, Papal States

| 46 / 48

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 121

| 7 July 913 –
5 February 914
{{small|({{Age in years and days|913|07|07|914|02|05}})}}

| Lando
{{small|LANDO}}

| Lando

| Sabina, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Last to use a new and non-composed regnal name until Francis (2013–2025).

}}

{{pope list item

| 122

| March 914 –
28 May 928
{{small|({{Age in years and days|914|03|01|928|05|28}})}}

| John X
{{small|IOANNES Decimus}}

| Ioannes

| Tossignano, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 123

| 28 May 928 –
February 929
{{small|({{Age in years and days|928|05|28|929|02|01}})}}

| Leo VI
{{small|LEO Sextus}}

| Leo

| c. 880 Rome, Papal States

| 48 / 40

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 124

| 3 February 929 –
13 February 931
{{small|({{Age in years and days|929|02|03|931|02|13}})}}

| Stephen VII
{{small|STEPHANVS Septimus}}

| Stephanus de Gabrielli

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.

}}

{{pope list item

| 125

| 15 March 931 –
December 935
{{small|({{Age in years and days|931|03|15|935|12|01}})}}

| John XI
{{small|IOANNES Undecimus}}

| Ioannes

| c. 910 Rome, Papal States

| 21 / 25

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Probably, according to the Liber Pontificalis and Liutprand of Cremona, the son of Sergius III, who was Marozia's husband, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto.

}}

{{pope list item

| 126

| 3 January 936 –
13 July 939
{{small|({{Age in years and days|936|01|03|939|07|13}})}}

| Leo VII
{{small|LEO Septimus}}

| Leo, O.S.B.

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

}}

{{pope list item

| 127

| 14 July 939 –
30 October 942
{{small|({{Age in years and days|939|07|14|942|10|30}})}}

| Stephen VIII
{{small|STEPHANVS Octavus}}

| Stephanus

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen IX.

}}

{{pope list item

| 128

| 30 October 942 –
1 May 946
{{small|({{Age in years and days|942|10|30|946|05|01}})}}

| Marinus II
{{small|MARINVS Secundus}}

| Marinus

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Erroneously also known as Martin III.

}}

{{pope list item

| 129

| 10 May 946 –
8 November 955
{{small|({{Age in years and days|946|05|10|955|11|08}})}}

| 80px

| Agapetus II
{{small|AGAPETVS Secundus}}

| Agapetus

| c. 911 Rome, Papal States

| 35 / 44

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 130

| 16 December 955 –
6 December 963
{{small|({{Age in years and days|955|12|16|963|12|06}})}}

| 80px

| John XII
{{small|IOANNES Duodecimus}}

| Ottaviano

| c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States

| 18–25 / 26–33 (†27–34)

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Third pope not to use his personal name (Ottaviano). Crowned Emperor Otto I in 962. Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto I invalidly.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 6 December 963 –
26 February 964
{{small|({{Age in years and days|963|12|06|964|02|26}})}}

| Leo VIII
{{small|LEO Octavus}}

| Leo

| style="font-size:85%"| c. 915 Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 48 / 49 (†50)

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto I in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church.

{{pope list item

| 130

| 26 February 964 –
14 May 964
{{small|({{Age in years and days|964|02|26|964|05|14}})}}

| 80px

| John XII
{{small|IOANNES Duodecimus}}

| Ottaviano

| c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States

| 27–34 / 27–34

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Possibly murdered in 964. End of the Saeculum obscurum.

}}

{{pope list item

| 131

| 22 May 964 –
23 June 964
{{small|({{Age in years and days|964|05|22|964|06|23}})}}

| 80px

| Benedict V
{{small|BENEDICTVS Quintus}}

| Benedetto

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Elected by the people of Rome in opposition to Leo VIII, who was appointed by Emperor Otto I. Accepted his deposition in favour of Leo VIII in 964.

}}

{{pope list item

| 132

| 23 June 964 –
1 March 965
{{small|({{Age in years and days|964|06|23|965|03|01}})}}

| Leo VIII
{{small|LEO Octavus}}

| Leo

| c. 915 Rome, Papal States

| 49 / 50

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by today's Catholic Church.

}}

{{pope list item

| 133

| 1 October 965 –
6 September 972
{{small|({{Age in years and days|965|10|01|972|09|06}})}}

| John XIII
{{small|IOANNES Tertius Decimus}}

| Giovanni dei Crescenzi

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Chronicled after his death as "the Good".

}}

{{pope list item

| 134

| 19 January 973 –
8 June 974
{{small|({{Age in years and days|973|01|19|974|06|08}})}}

| Benedict VI
{{small|BENEDICTVS Sextus}}

| Benedetto

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Deposed and murdered.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| July 974 –
July 974
{{small|({{Age in years and days|974|07|01|974|07|31}})}}

| Boniface VII
{{small|BONIFATIVS Septimus}}

| Francone Ferucci

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to Benedict VI and Benedict VII.

{{pope list item

| 135

| October 974 –
10 July 983
{{small|({{Age in years and days|974|10|01|983|07|10}})}}

| Benedict VII
{{small|BENEDICTVS Septimus}}

| Benedetto

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 136

| December 983 –
20 August 984
{{small|({{Age in years and days|983|12|01|984|08|20}})}}

| John XIV
{{small|IOANNES Quartus Decimus}}

| Pietro Canepanova

| Pavia, Kingdom of Italy

| Subject of the Kingdom of Italy. Fourth pope not to use his personal name (Pietro Canepanova).

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 20 August 984 –
20 July 985
{{small|({{Age in years and days|984|08|20|985|07|20}})}}

| Boniface VII
{{small|BONIFATIVS Septimus}}

| Francone Ferucci

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XIV and John XV.

{{pope list item

| 137

| 20 August 985 –
1 April 996
{{small|({{Age in years and days|985|08|20|996|04|01}})}}

| John XV
{{small|IOANNES Quintus Decimus}}

| Giovanni di Gallina Alba

| Rome, Papal States

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope to formally canonize a saint.

}}

{{pope list item

| 138

| 3 May 996 –
18 February 999
{{small|({{Age in years and days|996|05|03|999|02|18}})}}

| Gregory V
{{small|GREGORIVS Quintus}}

| Bruno von Kärnten

| c. 972 Stainach, Duchy of Carinthia

| 24 / 27

| Subject of the Duchy of Carinthia. First official German pope. Fifth pope not to use his personal name (Bruno). Henceforth, this decision became tradition among the future popes.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| April 997 –
February 998
{{small|({{Age in years and days|997|04|01|998|02|01}})}}

| John XVI
{{small|IOANNES Sextus Decimus}}

| Iōánnēs Philágathos, O.S.B.

| style="font-size:85%"| c. 945 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire

| style="font-size:85%"| 52 / 53 (†56)

| style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen. In opposition to Gregory V.

{{pope list item

| 139

| 2 April 999 –
12 May 1003
{{small|({{Age in years and days|999|04|02|1003|05|12}})}}

| 80px

| Sylvester II
{{small|SILVESTER Secundus}}

| Gerbert d'Aurillac, O.S.B.

| c. 945 Belliac, Kingdom of the West Franks

| 53 / 57

| Subject of the Kingdom of the West Franks (later renamed Kingdom of France). First French (Occitan) pope. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

}}

= 2nd millennium =

== 11th century ==

{{pope list item

| 140

| 16 May 1003 –
6 November 1003
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1003|05|16|1003|11|06}})}}

| John XVII
{{small|IOANNES Septimus Decimus}}

| Giovanni Sicco

| c. 955 Rome, Papal States

| 48 / 48

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 141

| 25 December 1003 –
18 July 1009
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1003|12|25|1009|07|18}})}}

| John XVIII
{{small|IOANNES Duodevicesimus}}

| Giovanni Fasano

| c. 965 Rapagnano,
Papal States

| 43 / 49

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope born after the Papal States became a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.

}}

{{pope list item

| 142

| 31 July 1009 –
12 May 1012
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1009|07|31|1012|05|12}})}}

| Sergius IV
{{small|SERGIVS Quartus}}

| Pietro Martino Boccadiporco, O.S.B.

| c. 970 Rome, Papal States

| 39 / 42

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 12 June 1012 –
31 December 1012
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1012|06|12|1012|12|31}})}}

| Gregory VI
{{small|GREGORIVS Sextus}}

| Gregorio

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Benedict VIII. Expelled from Rome and deposed.

{{pope list item

| 143

| 18 May 1012 –
9 April 1024
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1012|05|18|1024|04|09}})}}

| Benedict VIII
{{small|BENEDICTVS Octavus}}

| Teofilatto di Tuscolo

| c. 980 Rome, Papal States

| 32 / 44

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Brother of John XIX.

}}

{{pope list item

| 144

| 14 May 1024 –
6 October 1032
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1024|05|14|1032|10|06}})}}

| 80px

| John XIX
{{small|IOANNES Undevicesimus}}

| Romano di Tuscolo

| c. 975 Rome, Papal States

| 49 / 57

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Brother of Benedict VIII.

}}

{{pope list item

| 145

| 21 October 1032 –
31 December 1044
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1032|10|21|1044|12|31}})}}

| Benedict IX
{{small|BENEDICTVS Nonus}}

| Teofilatto di Tuscolo

| c. 1012 Rome, Papal States

| 20 / 32 (†43)

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First term; youngest person to have been pope.

}}

{{pope list item

| 146

| 13 January 1045 –
10 March 1045
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1045|01|13|1045|03|10}})}}

| Sylvester III
{{small|SILVESTER Tertius}}

| Giovanni dei Crescenzi-Ottaviani

| c. 1000 Rome, Papal States

| 45 / 45 (†63)

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Validity of his election questioned; deposed at the Council of Sutri.

}}

{{pope list item

| 147

| 10 March 1045 –
1 May 1045
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1045|03|10|1045|05|01}})}}

| Benedict IX
{{small|BENEDICTVS Nonus}}

| Teofilatto di Tuscolo

| c. 1012 Rome, Papal States

| 33 / 33 (†43)

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Second term; deposed at the Council of Sutri.

}}

{{pope list item

| 148

| 1 May 1045 –
20 December 1046
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1045|05|01|1046|12|20}})}}

| Gregory VI
{{small|GREGORIVS Sextus}}

| Giovanni Graziano Pierleoni

| c. 1000 Rome, Papal States

| 45 / 46 (†48)

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Deposed at the Council of Sutri.

}}

{{pope list item

| 149

| 24 December 1046 –
9 October 1047
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1046|12|24|1047|10|09}})}}

| Clement II
{{small|CLEMENS Secundus}}

| Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg

| c. 967 Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony

| 79 / 80

| Subject of the Duchy of Saxony. Appointed by King Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Emperor Henry III in 1046.

}}

{{pope list item

| 150

| 8 November 1047 –
17 July 1048
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1047|11|08|1048|07|17}})}}

| Benedict IX
{{small|BENEDICTVS Nonus}}

| Teofilatto di Tuscolo

| c. 1012 Rome, Papal States

| 35 / 36 (†43)

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Third term; deposed and excommunicated.

}}

{{pope list item

| 151

| 17 July 1048 –
9 August 1048
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1048|07|17|1048|08|09}})}}

| Damasus II
{{small|DAMASVS Secundus}}

| Poppo von Brixen

| c. 1000 Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria

| 48 / 48

| Subject of the Duchy of Bavaria.

}}

{{pope list item

| 152

| 12 February 1049 –
19 April 1054
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1049|02|12|1054|04|19}})}}

| 80px

| St Leo IX
{{small|LEO Nonus}}

| Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg

| 21 July 1002 Eguisheim, Duchy of Swabia

| 47 / 51

| Subject of the Duchy of Swabia. In 1054, the mutual excommunications of Leo IX's legate, cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida, and Patriarch Michael I Cerularius of Constantinople started the East–West Schism. The mutual anathematizations were rescinded by Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I in 1964.{{cite book |author=Deno John Geanakoplos |title=Constantinople and the West: essays on the late Byzantine (Palaeologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman churches |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_6PYWPWWhrUC&pg=PA263|access-date=3 March 2012 |date=15 September 1989 |publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |isbn=978-0-299-11884-6 |pages=263–|archive-date=10 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310123001/https://books.google.com/books?id=_6PYWPWWhrUC&pg=PA263#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}

}}

{{pope list item

| 153

| 13 April 1055 –
28 July 1057
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1055|04|13|1057|07|28}})}}

| 80px

| Victor II
{{small|VICTOR Secundus}}

| Gebhard von Dollnstein-Hirschberg

| c. 1018 Duchy of Swabia

| 37 / 39

| Subject of the Duchy of Swabia.

}}

{{pope list item

| 154

| 2 August 1057 –
29 March 1058
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1057|08|02|1058|03|29}})}}

| Stephen IX
{{small|STEPHANVS Nonus}}

| Friedrich Gozzelon von Lothringen, O.S.B.

| c. 1020 Duchy of Lorraine

| 37 / 38

| Subject of the Duchy of Lorraine. Last German pope until Benedict XVI (2005–2013). Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 4 April 1058 –
24 January 1059
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1058|04|04|1059|01|24}})}}

| Benedict X
{{small|BENEDICTVS Decimus}}

| Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Nicholas II. Captured and deposed.

{{pope list item

| 155

| 6 December 1058 –
27 July 1061
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1058|12|06|1061|07|27}})}}

| 80px

| Nicholas II
{{small|NICOLAVS Secundus}}

| Gerald de Bourgogne

| c. 980 Château de Chevron, County of Savoy

| 78 / 81

| Subject of the County of Savoy. Was of French ethnicity. Designated the College of Cardinals as the sole body of pope electors in the bull In nomine Domini (1059).

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 30 September 1061 –
1072
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1061|09|30|1072|04|02}})}}

| Honorius II
{{small|HONORIVS Secundus}}

| Pietro Cadalo

| style="font-size:85%"| 1010 Verona, March of Verona

| style="font-size:85%"| 61 / 72

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the March of Verona. In opposition to Alexander II.

{{pope list item

| 156

| 30 September 1061 –
21 April 1073
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1061|09|30|1073|04|21}})}}

| Alexander II
{{small|ALEXANDER Secundus}}

| Anselmo da Baggio

| c. 1018 Baggio, Free Commune of Milan

| 46 / 58

| Citizen of the Free Commune of Milan. Authorized the Norman conquest of England.

}}

{{pope list item

| 157

| 22 April 1073 –
25 May 1085
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1073|04|22|1085|05|25}})}}

| 80px

| St Gregory VII
{{small|GREGORIVS Septimus}}

| Ildebrando di Soana, O.S.B.

| c. 1015 Sovana, March of Tuscany

| 48 / 60

| Subject of the March of Tuscany. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the papal title to the bishop of Rome. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 25 June 1080 –
8 September 1100
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1080|06|25|1100|09|08}})}}

| 80px

| Clement III
{{small|CLEMENS Tertius}}

| Guibert of Ravenna

| style="font-size:85%"| 1029 Ravenna, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 51 / 71

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II.

{{pope list item

| 158

| 24 May 1086 –
16 September 1087
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1086|05|24|1087|09|16}})}}

| 80px

| Bl. Victor III
{{small|VICTOR Tertius}}

| Desiderio da Montecassino, O.S.B.

| c. 1026 Benevento, Duchy of Benevento

| 60 / 61

| Subject of the Duchy of Benevento. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087), condemning lay investiture.

}}

{{pope list item

| 159

| 12 March 1088 –
29 July 1099
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1088|03|12|1099|07|29}})}}

| 80px

| Bl. Urban II
{{small|VRBANVS Secundus}}

| Odon de Lagery, O.S.B.

| c. 1042 Châtillon-sur-Marne, County of Champagne, Kingdom of France

| 46 / 57

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

}}

{{pope list item

| 160

| 13 August 1099 –
21 January 1118
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1099|08|13|1118|01|21}})}}

| 80px

| Paschal II
{{small|PASCHALIS Secundus}}

| Raniero di Bleda, O.S.B.

| c. 1050 Bleda, March of Tuscany

| 49 / 68

| Subject of the March of Tuscany. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 8 September 1100 –
January 1101
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1100|09|08|1101|01|01}})}}

| Theodoric
{{small|THEODORICVS}}

| Teodorico

| style="font-size:85%"| c. 1030 Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 70 / 71

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and sent to a monastery.

== 12th century ==

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| January 1101 –
February 1102
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1101|01|01|1102|02|01}})}}

| Adalbert
{{small|ADALBERTVS}}

| Adalberto, O.S.B.

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and imprisoned.

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 8 November 1105 –
11 April 1111
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1105|11|08|1111|04|11}})}}

| Sylvester IV
{{small|SILVESTER Quartus}}

| Maguinulf

| style="font-size:85%"| 1050 Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 49 / 55 (†56)

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of German ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Forced to abdicate.

{{pope list item

| 161

| 24 January 1118 –
29 January 1119
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1118|01|24|1119|01|29}})}}

| 80px

| Gelasius II
{{small|GELASIVS Secundus}}

| Giovanni Caetani, O.S.B.

| c. 1061 Gaeta, Duchy of Gaeta

| 57 / 58

| Subject of the Duchy of Gaeta. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 10 March 1118 –
20 April 1121
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1118|03|10|1121|04|20}})}}

| Gregory VIII
{{small|GREGORIVS Octavus}}

| Maurice Baurdain

| style="font-size:85%"| c. 1060 Limousin, Occitania, Kingdom of France

| style="font-size:85%"| 58 / 61 (†77)

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to Gelasius II and Callixtus II. Captured and imprisoned.

{{pope list item

| 162

| 2 February 1119 –
13 December 1124
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1119|02|02|1124|12|13}})}}

| 80px

| Callixtus II
{{small|CALLISTVS Secundus}}

| Gui de Bourgogne

| c. 1060 Quingey, County of Burgundy

| 59 / 64

| Subject of the County of Burgundy. Was of French ethnicity. Convened the First Council of the Lateran (1123).

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 16 December 1124 –
17 December 1124
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1124|12|16|1124|12|17}})}}

| Celestine II
{{small|COELESTINVS Secundus}}

| Teobaldo Boccapeci

| style="font-size:85%"| 1050 Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 74 / 74 (†76)

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Honorius II. Abdicated one day after his election.

{{pope list item

| 163

| 21 December 1124 –
13 February 1130
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1124|12|21|1130|02|13}})}}

| Honorius II
{{small|HONORIVS Secundus}}

| Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano, Can.Reg.

| 9 February 1060 Fiagnano, Papal States

| 64 / 70

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of the Lateran. Approved the Knights Templar as a military order (1128).

}}

{{pope list item

| 164

| 14 February 1130 –
24 September 1143
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1130|02|14|1143|09|24}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent II
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Secundus}}

| Gregorio Papareschi, Can.Reg.

| c. 1082 Rome, Papal States

| 48 / 61

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of the Lateran. Convened the Second Council of the Lateran (1139).

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 14 February 1130 –
25 January 1138
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1130|02|14|1138|01|25}})}}

| Anacletus II
{{small|ANACLETVS Secundus}}

| Pietro Pierleoni, O.S.B.

| style="font-size:85%"| 1090 Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 40 / 48

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II.

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 15 March 1138 –
29 May 1138
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1138|03|15|1138|05|29}})}}

| Victor IV
{{small|VICTOR Quartus}}

| Gregorio Conti

| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II.

{{pope list item

| 165

| 26 September 1143 –
8 March 1144
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1143|09|26|1144|03|08}})}}

| 80px

| Celestine II
{{small|COELESTINVS Secundus}}

| Guido Guelfuccio di Castello

| c. 1085 Città di Castello, Papal States

| 58 / 59

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 166

| 12 March 1144 –
15 February 1145
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1144|03|12|1145|02|15}})}}

| Lucius II
{{small|LUCIVS Secundus}}

| Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso, Can.Reg.

| c. 1079 Bologna, Papal States

| 65 / 66

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of San Frediano.

}}

{{pope list item

| 167

| 15 February 1145 –
8 July 1153
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1145|02|15|1153|07|08}})}}

| 80px

| Bl. Eugene III
{{small|EVGENIVS Tertius}}

| Bernardo Pignatelli, O.Cist.{{cite web| url = http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05599a.htm| title = Pope Blessed Eugene III, New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia| access-date = 19 April 2025| archive-date = 5 October 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121005142252/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05599a.htm| url-status = live}}

| c. 1080 Pisa, Republic of Pisa

| 65 / 73

| Citizen of the Republic of Pisa. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.

}}

{{pope list item

| 168

| 12 July 1153 –
3 December 1154
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1153|07|12|1154|12|03}})}}

| Anastasius IV
{{small|ANASTASIVS Quartus}}

| Corrado Demetri della Suburra

| c. 1073 Rome, Papal States

| 80 / 81

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 169

| 4 December 1154 –
1 September 1159
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1154|12|04|1159|09|01}})}}

| 80px

| Adrian IV
{{small|HADRIANVS Quartus}}

| Nicholas Breakspear, Can.Reg.

| c. 1100 Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England

| 54 / 59

| Subject of the Kingdom of England. The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland to King Henry II of England. Canon Regular of Saint-Ruf monastery.

}}

{{pope list item

| 170

| 7 September 1159 –
30 August 1181
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1159|09|07|1181|08|30}})}}

| 80px

| Alexander III
{{small|ALEXANDER Tertius}}

| Rolando Bandinelli

| c. 1100 Siena, March of Tuscany

| 59 / 81

| Subject of the March of Tuscany. Convened the Third Council of the Lateran (1179).

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 7 September 1159 –
20 April 1164
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1159|09|07|1164|04|20}})}}

| Victor IV
{{small|VICTOR Quartus}}

| Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli

| style="font-size:85%"| 1095 Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 64 / 69

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 28 April 1164 –
22 September 1168
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1164|04|28|1168|09|22}})}}

| Paschal III
{{small|PASCHALIS Tertius}}

| Guido di Crema

| style="font-size:85%"| 1110 Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 54 / 58

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 30 September 1168 –
29 August 1178
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1168|09|30|1178|08|29}})}}

| Callixtus III
{{small|CALLIXTVS Tertius}}

| Giovanni di Struma, O.S.B.

| style="font-size:85%"| 1090 Rome, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 78 / 88

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 29 September 1179 –
January 1180
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1179|09|29|1180|01|31}})}}

| Innocent III
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Tertius}}

| Lando (or Lanzo) di Sezze

| style="font-size:85%"| 1120 Sezze, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 59 / 60 (†63)

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. Captured and imprisoned in 1180.

{{pope list item

| 171

| 1 September 1181 –
25 November 1185
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1181|09|01|1185|11|25}})}}

| 80px

| Lucius III
{{small|LUCIVS Tertius}}

| Ubaldo Allucignoli

| c. 1100 Lucca, March of Tuscany

| 81 / 85

| Subject of the March of Tuscany.

}}

{{pope list item

| 172

| 25 November 1185 –
20 October 1187
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1185|11|25|1187|10|20}})}}

| 80px

| Urban III
{{small|VRBANVS Tertius}}

| Uberto Crivelli

| c. 1120 Cuggiono, small town closer to the Free Commune of Milan

| 65 / 67

| Was of Italian ethnicity. In the 21st century, Cuggiono is a small Italian town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan.

}}

{{pope list item

| 173

| 21 October 1187 –
17 December 1187
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1187|10|21|1187|12|17}})}}

| Gregory VIII
{{small|GREGORIVS Octavus}}

| Alberto di Morra, O.Praem.

| c. 1100 Benevento, Papal States

| 87 / 87

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular Premonstratense. Proposed the Third Crusade.

}}

{{pope list item

| 174

| 19 December 1187 –
20 March 1191For the dates of death of Clement III and the election of Celestine III see Katrin Baaken: Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III. Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203–211
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1187|12|19|1191|03|20}})}}

| 80px

| Clement III
{{small|CLEMENS Tertius}}

| Paolo Scolari

| c. 1130 Rome, Papal States

| 57 / 61

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 175
40px

| 30 March 1191 –
8 January 1198
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1191|03|30|1198|01|08}})}}

| 80px

| Celestine III
{{small|COELESTINVS Tertius}}

| Giacinto Bobone Orsini

| c. 1105 Rome, Papal States

| 86 / 93

| Motto: {{lang|la|Perfice gressus meos in semitis Tuis}} {{small|("Going in Thy path")}}

Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Confirmed the statutes of the Teutonic Knights as a military order.

}}

{{pope list item

| 176
40px

| 8 January 1198 –
16 July 1216
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1198|01|08|1216|07|16}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent III
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Tertius}}

| Lotario dei Conti di Segni

| c. 1161 Gavignano, Papal States

| 37 / 55

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215). Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened its participants with excommunication when its leadership abandoned their focus on conquest of the Holy Land and instead decided to sack Christian cities.Philip Hughes, "Innocent III & the Latin East", History of the Church, vol. 2, p. 371, Sheed & Ward, 1948. Endorsed the Franciscan Order.

}}

== 13th century ==

{{pope list item

| 177
40px

| 18 July 1216 –
18 March 1227
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1216|07|18|1227|03|18}})}}

| 80px

| Honorius III
{{small|HONORIVS
Tertius}}

| Cencio Savelli

| c. 1150 Rome, Papal States

| 66 / 77

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.

}}

{{pope list item

| 178
40px

| 19 March 1227 –
22 August 1241
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1227|03|19|1241|08|22}})}}

| 80px

| Gregory IX
{{small|GREGORIVS Nonus}}

| Ugolino dei Conti di Segni

| c. 1145 Anagni, Papal States

| 82 / 96

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated the inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.

}}

{{pope list item

| 179
40px

| 25 October 1241 –
10 November 1241
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1241|10|25|1241|11|10}})}}

| Celestine IV
{{small|COELESTINVS Quartus}}

| Goffredo Castiglioni

| c. 1180 Free Commune of Milan (city-state)

| 61 / 61

| Citizen of the Free Commune of Milan. Died before coronation.

}}

{{pope list item

| 180
40px

| 25 June 1243 –
7 December 1254
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1243|06|25|1254|12|07}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent IV
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Quartus}}

| Sinibaldo Fieschi

| c. 1195 Genoa, Republic of Genoa

| 48 / 60

| Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Convened the First Council of Lyon (1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda (1252), permitting the torture of heretics.

}}

{{pope list item

| 181
40px

| 12 December 1254 –
25 May 1261
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1254|12|12|1261|05|25}})}}

| Alexander IV
{{small|ALEXANDER Quartus}}

| Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni

| c. 1199 Jenne, Papal States

| 55 / 62

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope born after the Papal States ceased to be a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 1177. Restored the papal inquisition in France.

}}

{{pope list item

| 182
40px

| 29 August 1261 –
2 October 1264
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1261|08|29|1264|10|02}})}}

| 80px

| Urban IV
{{small|VRBANVS Quartus}}

| Jacques Pantaléon

| c. 1195 Troyes, County of Champagne, Kingdom of France

| 66 / 69

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi (1264).

}}

{{pope list item

| 183
40px

| 5 February 1265 –
29 November 1268
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1265|02|05|1268|11|29}})}}

| 80px

| Clement IV
{{small|CLEMENS
Quartus}}

| Gui Foucois

| 23 November 1190 Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, Kingdom of France

| 62 / 66

| Subject of the Kingdom of France.

}}

{{pope list item

| interregnum=yes

| 29 November 1268 –
1 September 1271
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1268|11|29|1271|09|01}})}}

| Almost three-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.

}}

{{pope list item

| 184
40px

| 1 September 1271 –
10 January 1276
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1271|09|01|1276|01|10}})}}

| 80px

| Bl. Gregory X
{{small|GREGORIVS Decimus}}

| Teobaldo Visconti

| c. 1210 Free Commune of Piacenza (city-state)

| 61 / 66

| Citizen of the Free Commune of Piacenza. Convened the Second Council of Lyon and issued the bull Ubi periculum (1274), regulating conclaves until the 20th century.

}}

{{pope list item

| 185
40px

| 21 January 1276 –
22 June 1276
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1276|01|21|1276|06|22}})}}

| 80px

| Bl. Innocent V
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Quintus}}

| Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P.

| c. 1225 County of Savoy

| 52 / 52

| Subject of the County of Savoy. Was of French ethnicity. Member of the Dominican Order. First pope elected in a conclave.

}}

{{pope list item

| 186
40px

| 11 July 1276 –
18 August 1276
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1276|07|11|1276|08|18}})}}

| 80px

| Adrian V
{{small|HADRIANVS Quintus}}

| Ottobuono Fieschi

| c. 1216 Genoa, Republic of Genoa

| 60 / 60

| Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Annulled Gregory X's Ubi periculum regarding the regulations of conclaves.

}}

{{pope list item

| 187
40px

| 8 September 1276 –
20 May 1277
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1276|09|08|1277|05|20}})}}

| 80px

| John XXI
{{small|IOANNES Vicesimus Primus}}

| Pedro Julião

| c. 1215 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal

| 61 / 62

| Subject of the Kingdom of Portugal. Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, the ordinal XX was skipped.

}}

{{pope list item

| 188
40px

| 25 November 1277 –
22 August 1280
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1277|11|25|1280|08|22}})}}

| 80px

| Nicholas III
{{small|NICOLAVS
Tertius}}

| Giovanni Gaetano Orsini

| c. 1216 Rome, Papal States

| 61 / 64

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 189
40px

| 22 February 1281 –
28 March 1285
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1281|02|22|1285|03|28}})}}

| 80px

| Martin IV
{{small|MARTINVS Quartus}}

| Simon de Brion

| c. 1210 Meinpicien, Touraine, Kingdom of France

| 71 / 75

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Sicilian Vespers; ordered the Aragonese Crusade.

}}

{{pope list item

| 190
40px

| 2 April 1285 –
3 April 1287
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1285|04|02|1287|04|03}})}}

| Honorius IV
{{small|HONORIVS Quartus}}

| Giacomo Savelli

| c. 1210 Rome, Papal States

| 75 / 77

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 191
40px

| 22 February 1288 –
4 April 1292
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1288|02|22|1292|04|04}})}}

| 80px

| Nicholas IV
{{small|NICOLAVS Quartus}}

| Girolamo Masci, O.F.M.

| 30 September 1227 Lisciano, Papal States

| 60 / 64

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Franciscan Order.

}}

{{pope list item

| interregnum=yes

| 4 April 1292 –
5 July 1294
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1292|04|04|1294|07|05}})}}

| Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.

}}

{{pope list item

| 192
40px

| 5 July 1294 –
13 December 1294
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1294|07|05|1294|12|13}})}}

| 80px

| St Celestine V
{{small|COELESTINVS Quintus}}

| Pietro Angelerio da Morrone, O.S.B.

| c. 1215 Sant'Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily

| 79 / 79 (†81)

| Subject of the Kingdom of Sicily. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Founded the Celestines. Reinstituted the rules of Ubi periculum. Last pope to abdicate on his own initiative until Benedict XVI (2013). Imprisoned and rumoured to have been murdered by order of Boniface VIII to prevent his potential election and installation as antipope.

}}

{{pope list item

| 193
40px

| 24 December 1294 –
11 October 1303
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1294|12|24|1303|10|11}})}}

| 80px

| Boniface VIII
{{small|BONIFATIVS Octavus}}

| Benedetto Caetani

| c. 1230 Anagni, Papal States

| 64 / 73

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Incorporated Ubi periculum into the canon law (1298). Formalized the jubilee (1300). Issued the bull Unam sanctam (1302), proclaiming papal supremacy and pushing it to its highest historical extreme.

}}

== 14th century ==

{{pope list item

| 194
40px

| 22 October 1303 –
7 July 1304
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1303|10|22|1304|07|07}})}}

| 80px

| Bl. Benedict XI
{{small|BENEDICTVS Undecimus}}

| Niccolò Boccasini, O.P.

| c. 1240 Treviso, Papal States

| 63 / 64

| Motto: {{lang|la|Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum}} {{small|("Let Your face shine upon Your servant")}}

Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface VIII's Unam sanctam.

}}

{{pope list item

| 195
40px

| 5 June 1305 –
20 April 1314
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1305|06|05|1314|04|20}})}}

| 80px

| Clement V
{{small|CLEMENS Quintus}}

| Raymond Bertrand de Got (or Goth)

| c. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, Kingdom of France

| 41 / 50

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Moved the papacy to Avignon (1309). Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.

}}

{{pope list item

| interregnum=yes

| 20 April 1314 –
7 August 1316
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1314|04|20|1316|07|08}})}}

| Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.

}}

{{pope list item

| 196
40px

| 7 August 1316 –
4 December 1334
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1316|08|07|1334|12|04}})}}

| 80px

| John XXII
{{small|IOANNES Vicesimus Secundus}}

| Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse)

| c. 1244 Cahors, Quercy, Kingdom of France

| 72 / 90

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on the beatific vision. Opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leading William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 12 May 1328 –
25 July 1330
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1328|05|12|1330|07|25}})}}

| 80px

| Nicholas V
{{small|NICOLAVS Quintus}}

| Pietro Rainalducci, O.F.M.

| style="font-size:85%"| 1260 Corvaro, Papal States

| style="font-size:85%"| 68 / 70 (†73)

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XXII. Excommunicated and submitted to John XXII.

{{pope list item

| 197
40px

| 20 December 1334 –
25 April 1342
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1334|12|20|1342|04|25}})}}

| 80px

| Benedict XII
{{small|BENEDICTVS Duodecimus}}

| Jacques Fournier, O.Cist.

| 1285 Saverdun, County of Foix, Kingdom of France

| 49 / 57

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336). A careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism.

}}

{{pope list item

| 198
40px

| 7 May 1342 –
6 December 1352
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1342|05|07|1352|12|06}})}}

| 80px

| Clement VI
{{small|CLEMENS Sextus}}

| Pierre Roger, O.S.B.

| c. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, Kingdom of France

| 51 / 61

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved those who died from it of their sins.

}}

{{pope list item

| 199
40px

| 18 December 1352 –
12 September 1362
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1352|12|18|1362|09|12}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent VI
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Sextus}}

| Étienne Aubert

| c. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, Kingdom of France

| 70 / 80

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions, the Treaty of Brétigny was signed and ratified.

}}

{{pope list item

| 200
40px

| 28 September 1362 –
19 December 1370
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1362|09|28|1370|12|19}})}}

| 80px

| Bl. Urban V
{{small|VRBANVS Quintus}}

| Guillaume de Grimoard, O.S.B.

| 1310 Grizac, Languedoc, Kingdom of France

| 52 / 60

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.

}}

{{pope list item

| 201
40px

| 30 December 1370 –
27 March 1378
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1370|12|30|1378|03|27}})}}

| 80px

| Gregory XI
{{small|GREGORIVS Undecimus}}

| Pierre Roger de Beaufort

| c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, Kingdom of France

| 41 / 49

| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon; returned the seat of the papacy to Rome (1377). Last French pope.

}}

{{pope list item

| 202
40px

| 8 April 1378 –
15 October 1389
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1378|04|08|1389|10|15}})}}

| 80px

| Urban VI
{{small|VRBANVS Sextus}}

| Bartolomeo Prignano

| c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples

| 60 / 71

| Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Last pope to be elected outside the College of Cardinals. Reigned during the Western Schism.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;" | —
40px

| 20 September 1378 –
16 September 1394
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1378|09|28|1394|09|16}})}}

| 80px

| Clement VII
{{small|CLEMENS Septimus}}

| Robert de Genève

| style="font-size:85%"| 1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy

| style="font-size:85%"| 36 / 52

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the County of Savoy. Western Schism. In opposition to Urban VI and Boniface IX.

{{pope list item

| 203
40px

| 2 November 1389 –
1 October 1404
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1389|11|02|1404|10|01}})}}

| 80px

| Boniface IX
{{small|BONIFATIVS Nonus}}

| Pietro Cybo Tomacelli

| c. 1350 Naples, Kingdom of Naples

| 39 / 54

| Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Reigned during the Western Schism.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;" | —
40px

| 28 September 1394 –
23 May 1423
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1394|09|28|1423|05|23}})}}

| 80px

| Benedict XIII
{{small|BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus}}

| Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor

| style="font-size:85%"| 25 November 1328 Illueca, Kingdom of Aragon

| style="font-size:85%"| 66 / 94

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Boniface IX, Innocent VII, Gregory XII, Martin V, and the Pisan Antipopes Alexander V and John XXIII. Excommunicated on 27 July 1417.

== 15th century ==

{{pope list item

| 204
40px

| 17 October 1404 –
6 November 1406
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1404|10|17|1406|11|06}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent VII
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Septimus}}

| Cosimo Gentile Migliorati

| 1339 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples

| 65 / 67

| Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Reigned during the Western Schism.

}}

{{pope list item

| 205
40px

| 30 November 1406 –
4 July 1415
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1406|11|30|1415|07|04}})}}

| 80px

| Gregory XII
{{small|GREGORIVS Duodecimus}}

| Angelo Correr

| c. 1327 Venice, Republic of Venice

| 79 / 88 (†90)

| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Reigned during the Western Schism. Confirmed the Council of Constance (1415); convinced to abdicate to end the Western Schism. Last pope to abdicate until Benedict XVI (2013).

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —
40px

| 30 June 1409 –
3 May 1410
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1409|06|30|1410|05|03}})}}

| 80px

| Alexander V
{{small|ALEXANDER Quintus}}

| Pétros Philárgēs,
O.F.M.

| style="font-size:85%"| 1339 Neapoli, Candia, Republic of Venice

| style="font-size:85%"| 70 / 71

| style="font-size:85%"| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Was of Greek ethnicity. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is still numbered as such to this day.

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —
40px

| 25 May 1410 –
29 May 1415
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1410|05|25|1415|05|29}})}}

| 80px

| John XXIII
{{small|IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius}}

| Baldassarre Cossa

| style="font-size:85%"| 1365 Procida, Kingdom of Naples

| style="font-size:85%"| 45 / 50 (†54)

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Convened the Council of Constance (1414). Deposed. Became the dean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.

{{pope list item

| interregnum=yes

| 4 July 1415 –
11 November 1417
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1415|07|04|1417|11|17}})}}

| Two-year period without a valid pope elected. The Council of Constance (1414–1418) called on all three papal claimants to abdicate, but only Gregory XII (Roman) did. John XXIII (Pisan) was deposed, Benedict XIII (Avignon) was excommunicated, and a new pope (Martin V) was elected.

}}

{{pope list item

| 206
40px

| 11 November 1417 –
20 February 1431
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1417|11|11|1431|02|20}})}}

| 80px

| Martin V
{{small|MARTINVS Quintus}}

| Oddone Colonna

| January–February 1369 Genazzano, Papal States

| 48 / 62

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. His election effectively ended the Western Schism. Convened the Council of Basel (1431); initiated the Hussite Wars.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —
40px

| 10 June 1423 –
26 July 1429
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1423|06|20|1429|07|26}})}}

| 80px

| Clement VIII
{{small|CLEMENS Octavus}}

| Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón

| style="font-size:85%"| 1369 Teruel, Kingdom of Aragon

| style="font-size:85%"| 54 / 60 (†77)

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Martin V. Later submitted to Martin V.

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 1424 – 1429
{{small|(5 years)}}

| Benedict XIV
{{small|BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus}}

| Bernard Garnier

| style="font-size:85%"| Kingdom of France

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EYbeCQAAQBAJ&dq=antipope+benedict+xiv&pg=PA150 |isbn=978-0-7864-6116-5 |title=The Deaths of the Popes: Comprehensive Accounts, Including Funerals, Burial Places and Epitaphs |date=2010 |publisher=McFarland|access-date = 19 March 2023|archive-date = 7 April 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230407103428/https://books.google.com/books?id=EYbeCQAAQBAJ&dq=antipope+benedict+xiv&pg=PA150|url-status = live}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —

| 1430 – 1437
{{small|(7 years)}}

| Benedict XIV
{{small|BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus}}

| Jean Carrier

| style="font-size:85%"| Kingdom of France

| style="font-size:85%"|

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mq7ctwMNdoC&dq=antipope+benedict+xiv&pg=PA234 |isbn=978-0-7864-2071-1 |title=Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes |date= 2004 |publisher=McFarland|access-date = 19 March 2023|archive-date = 4 April 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230404210737/https://books.google.com/books?id=-mq7ctwMNdoC&dq=antipope+benedict+xiv&pg=PA234|url-status = live}}

{{pope list item

| 207
40px

| 3 March 1431 –
23 February 1447
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1431|03|03|1447|02|23}})}}

| 80px

| Eugene IV
{{small|EVGENIVS Quartus}}

| Gabriele Condulmer, Can.Reg.

| 1383 Venice, Republic of Venice

| 48 / 64

| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Nephew of Gregory XII. Canon Regular of San Giorgio in Alga. Crowned Emperor Sigismund at Rome in 1433. Issued the papal bull Creator Omnium (1434), rescinding any recognition of Portugal's right to conquer the still-pagan Canary Islands and excommunicating anyone who enslaved the newly-converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their freedom and possessions. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara (1438); it was eventually transferred again to Florence (1439–1445) to avoid the bubonic plague.

}}

|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"

| style="text-align:center;"| —
40px

| 5 November 1439 –
7 April 1449
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1439|11|05|1449|04|07}})}}

| 80px

| Felix V
{{small|FELIX Quintus}}

| Amédée de Savoie

| style="font-size:85%"| 4 September 1383 Chambéry, County of Savoy

| style="font-size:85%"| 56 / 65 (†67)

| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the County of Savoy. In opposition to Eugene IV and Nicholas V. Later submitted to Nicholas V. Also ruled as count and then duke of Savoy.{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amadeus-VIII |title=Amadeus VIII | antipope and duke of Savoy |date=3 January 2024|access-date=11 July 2020|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810205228/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amadeus-VIII|url-status=live}}

{{pope list item

| 208
35px

| 6 March 1447 –
24 March 1455
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1447|03|06|1455|03|24}})}}

| 80px

| Nicholas V
{{small|NICOLAVS Quintus}}

| Tommaso Parentucelli

| 13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa

| 49 / 57

| Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Held the 1450 jubilee. Crowned Emperor Frederick III at Rome in 1452. Issued the bull Dum Diversas (1452), recognizing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate the Saracens and pagans. Created a library in the Vatican, which would eventually become the {{lang|la|Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana}}.

}}

{{pope list item

| 209
40px

| 8 April 1455 –
6 August 1458
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1455|04|08|1458|08|06}})}}

| 80px

| Callixtus III
{{small|CALLISTVS Tertius}}

| Alfons de Borja

| 31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia

| 76 / 79

| Subject of the Kingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of the Crown of Aragon). First Valencian pope. Instituted the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc, leading to her vindication. Elevated his nephews to cardinals, one of whom later became Pope Alexander VI.

}}

{{pope list item

| 210
40px

| 19 August 1458 –
15 August 1464
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1458|08|19|1464|08|15}})}}

| 80px

| Pius II
{{small|PIVS Secundus}}

| Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini

| 18 October 1405 Corsignano, Republic of Siena

| 52 / 58

| Citizen of the Republic of Siena. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries.

}}

{{pope list item

| 211
40px

| 30 August 1464 –
26 July 1471
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1464|08|30|1471|07|26}})}}

| 80px

| Paul II
{{small|PAVLVS Secundus}}

| Pietro Barbo

| 23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice

| 47 / 54

| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.

}}

{{pope list item

| 212
40px

| 9 August 1471 –
12 August 1484
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1471|08|09|1484|08|12}})}}

| 80px

| Sixtus IV
{{small|XYSTVS Quartus}}

| Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M.

| 21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa

| 57 / 70

| Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel and created the Vatican Archives. Authorized the Spanish Inquisition at the request of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain. A patron of the arts; he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Known for his nepotism and involvement in the Pazzi conspiracy.

}}

{{pope list item

| 213
40px

| 29 August 1484 –
25 July 1492
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1484|08|29|1492|07|25}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent VIII
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Octavus}}

| Giovanni Battista Cybo

| 1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa

| 52 / 60

| Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Appointed Tomás de Torquemada as the inquisitor general of the Spanish Inquisition. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).

}}

{{pope list item

| 214
40px

| 11 August 1492 –
18 August 1503
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1492|08|11|1503|08|18}})}}

| 80px

| Alexander VI
{{small|ALEXANDER Sextus}}

| Roderic Llançol i de Borja

| 1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia

| 61 / 72

| Subject of the Kingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of the Crown of Aragon). Nephew of Callixtus III; father to both Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the papal bull Inter caetera (1493). Considered as one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. As a result, his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate.

}}

== 16th century ==

{{pope list item

| 215
40px

| 22 September 1503 –
18 October 1503
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1503|09|22|1503|10|18}})}}

| 80px

| Pius III
{{small|PIVS Tertius}}

| Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini

| 29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena

| 64 / 64

| Citizen of the Republic of Siena. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in the Siena Cathedral.

}}

{{pope list item

| 216
40px

| 31 October 1503 –
21 February 1513
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1503|10|31|1513|02|21}})}}

| 80px

| Julius II
{{small|IVLIVS Secundus}}

| Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M.

| 5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa

| 59 / 69

| Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Nephew of Sixtus IV. Member of the Franciscan Order. Nicknamed the "Warrior Pope" or the "Fearsome Pope". Became pope in the context of the Italian Wars, a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula. Took control of all the Papal States for the first time. Established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica. The same year, he organized the famous Swiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against the local lords. The interests of Julius II also lay in the New World, as he ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas (1506), establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and starting the catholicization of Latin America. Commissioned the four Raphael Rooms and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel (1508). Convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512).

Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as the ideal prince. Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church, which would be used for the construction of St. Peter's Basilica.

}}

{{pope list item

| 217
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| 9 March 1513 –
1 December 1521
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1513|03|09|1521|12|01}})}}

| 80px

| Leo X
{{small|LEO Decimus}}

| Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici

| 11 December 1475 Florence, Republic of Florence

| 37 / 45

| Citizen of the Republic of Florence. Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1517). Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica and for excommunicating Martin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. Borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo X also reorganized the Roman University and promoted the study of literature, poetry, and antiquities. Last pope to not have been in the priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy.

}}

{{pope list item

| 218
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| 9 January 1522 –
14 September 1523
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1522|01|09|1523|09|14}})}}

| 80px

| Adrian VI
{{small|HADRIANVS Sextus}}

| Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens

| 2 March 1459 Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht

| 62 / 64

| Motto: {{lang|la|Patere et sustine}} {{small|("Respect and wait")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/AR6.htm |title=Pope Adrian VI (1522–1523) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721162435/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/AR6.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject of the Bishopric of Utrecht. The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor of Emperor Charles V. Came to the papacy in the midst of one of its greatest crises, threatened not only by Lutheranism to the north, but also by the advance of the Ottoman Turks to the east. He refused to compromise with Lutheranism theologically, demanding Martin Luther's condemnation as a heretic. However, he is noted for his attempt to reform the Catholic Church administratively in response to the Protestant Reformation. Adrian VI's remarkable admission that the turmoil of the Church was the fault of the Roman Curia itself was read at the 1522–1523 Diet of Nuremberg.

His efforts at reform, however, proved fruitless, as they were resisted by most of his Renaissance ecclesiastical contemporaries, and he did not live long enough to see his efforts through to their conclusion.

}}

{{pope list item

| 219
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| 26 November 1523 –
25 September 1534
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1523|11|26|1534|09|25}})}}

| 80px

| Clement VII
{{small|CLEMENS Septimus}}

| Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici

| 26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence

| 45 / 56

| Motto: {{lang|la|Candor illaesus}} {{small|("Unharmed candor")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C07.htm |title=Pope Clement VII (1523–1534) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721162253/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C07.htm|url-status=live}}

Citizen of the Republic of Florence. Cousin of Leo X. Rome was sacked by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of King Henry VIII of England. Crowned Emperor Charles V at Bologna in 1530. Commissioned Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel (1533). Approved Copernicus's heliocentric model of the universe (1533).

The niece of the pope was married to the future Henry II of France (1533). Recognized the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins).

}}

{{pope list item

| 220
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| 13 October 1534 –
10 November 1549
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1534|10|13|1549|11|10}})}}

| 80px

| Paul III
{{small|PAVLVS Tertius}}

| Alessandro Farnese

| 29 February 1468 Canino, Papal States

| 66 / 81

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Recognized the Jesuits (1540). Opened the Council of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the first duke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of King Henry VIII of England. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546).

}}

{{pope list item

| 221
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| 7 February 1550 –
29 March 1555
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1550|02|07|1555|03|29}})}}

| 80px

| Julius III
{{small|IVLIVS Tertius}}

| Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte

| 10 September 1487 Rome, Papal States

| 62 / 67

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Reopened the Council of Trent (1551). Established the {{lang|la|Collegium Germanicum}} (1552). The Innocenzo Scandal.

}}

{{pope list item

| 222
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| 9 April 1555 –
1 May 1555
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1555|04|09|1555|05|01}})}}

| 80px

| Marcellus II
{{small|MARCELLVS Secundus}}

| Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi

| 6 May 1501 Montefano, Papal States

| 53 / 53

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Last to use his birth name as his papal name. Instituted immediate economies in the expenditure of the Holy See. The Missa Papae Marcelli was composed in his honour.

}}

{{pope list item

| 223
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| 23 May 1555 –
18 August 1559
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1555|05|23|1559|08|18}})}}

| 80px

| Paul IV
{{small|PAVLVS Quartus}}

| Gian Pietro Carafa, C.R.

| 28 June 1476 Capriglia Irpina, Kingdom of Naples

| 78 / 83

| Motto: {{lang|la|Dominus mihi adjutor}} {{small|("The Lord is my helper")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL4.htm |title=Pope Paul IV (1555–1559) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721162412/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL4.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Founder and member of the Theatines. Established the Roman Ghetto in the bull Cum nimis absurdum (1555) and published the Index of Forbidden Books (1559). Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nude figures in The Last Judgment modestly.

}}

{{pope list item

| 224
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| 26 December 1559 –
9 December 1565
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1559|12|26|1565|12|09}})}}

| 80px

| Pius IV
{{small|PIVS Quartus}}

| Giovanni Angelo Medici

| 31 March 1499 Milan, Duchy of Milan

| 60 / 66

| Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Reopened and closed the Council of Trent (1563). Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Tridentine Creed.

}}

{{pope list item

| 225
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| 7 January 1566 –
1 May 1572
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1566|01|07|1572|05|01}})}}

| 80px

| St Pius V
{{small|PIVS Quintus}}

| Antonio Ghislieri, O.P.

| 17 January 1504 Bosco, Duchy of Milan

| 61 / 68

| Motto: {{lang|la|Utinam dirigantur viae meae ad custodiendas}} {{small|("O that my ways may be steadfast in keeping Thy statutes")}}

Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Member of the Dominican Order, with the religious name Michele. Excommunicated Queen Elizabeth I of England. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal. Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory.

}}

{{pope list item

| 226
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| 13 May 1572 –
10 April 1585
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1572|05|23|1585|04|10}})}}

| 80px

| Gregory XIII
{{small|GREGORIVS Tertius Decimus}}

| Ugo Boncompagni

| 7 January 1502 Bologna, Papal States

| 70 / 83

| Motto: {{lang|la|Aperuit et clausit}} {{small|("Opened and closed")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/G13.htm |title=Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810190505/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/G13.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. First pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception as the patron saint of the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Praesido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations. Reformed the calendar (1582).

}}

{{pope list item

| 227
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| 24 April 1585 –
27 August 1590
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1585|04|24|1590|08|27}})}}

| 80px

| Sixtus V
{{small|XYSTVS Quintus}}

| Felice Peretti di Montalto, O.F.M. Conv.

| 13 December 1521 Grottammare, Papal States

| 63 / 68

| Motto: {{lang|la|Aqua et panis, vita canis}} {{small|("Water and bread are a dog's life")}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.bartleby.com/344/365.html |title=Sixtus V. S.A. Bent, comp. 1887. Familiar Short Sayings of Great Men|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.bartleby.com}}

Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Fixed and completed building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number of Curial congregations (1588).

}}

{{pope list item

| 228
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| 15 September 1590 –
27 September 1590
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1590|09|15|1590|09|27}})}}

| 80px

| Urban VII
{{small|VRBANVS Septimus}}

| Giovanni Battista Castagna

| 4 August 1521 Rome, Papal States

| 69 / 69

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Supported by Spain. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.

}}

{{pope list item

| 229
40px

| 5 December 1590 –
16 October 1591
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1590|12|05|1591|10|16}})}}

| 80px

| Gregory XIV
{{small|GREGORIVS Quartus Decimus}}

| Niccolò Sfondrati

| 11 February 1535 Somma Lombardo, Duchy of Milan

| 55 / 56

| Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated. Made gambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication through the bull Cogit nos (1591) to maintain the sanctity and seriousness of the election process.

}}

{{pope list item

| 230
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| 29 October 1591 –
30 December 1591
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1591|10|29|1591|12|30}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent IX
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Nonus}}

| Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti

| 20 July 1519 Bologna, Papal States

| 72 / 72

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Supported the cause of King Philip II of Spain and the Catholic League against King Henry IV of France in the French Wars of Religion. Prohibited alienation of church property.

}}

{{pope list item

| 231
40px

| 30 January 1592 –
3 March 1605
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1592|01|30|1605|03|03}})}}

| 80px

| Clement VIII
{{small|CLEMENS Octavus}}

| Ippolito Aldobrandini

| 24 February 1536 Fano, Papal States

| 55 / 69

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as the Long War (1595). Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis, addressing the doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.{{cite book |author=John Henry Blunt|author-link=John Henry Blunt |title=Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and Schools of Religious Thought|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-gCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA234|access-date=11 August 2012 |year=1874 |publisher=Rivingtons |pages=234–240 |chapter=Jansenists|archive-date=10 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310122948/https://books.google.com/books?id=z-gCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA234#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}

}}

== 17th century ==

{{pope list item

| 232
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| 1 April 1605 –
27 April 1605
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1605|04|01|1605|04|27}})}}

| 80px

| Leo XI
{{small|LEO Undecimus}}

| Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici

| 2 June 1535 Florence, Duchy of Florence

| 69 / 69

| Subject of the Duchy of Florence. Great-nephew of Leo X. Called the "Lightning Pope" ({{lang|it|Papa Lampo}}) due to his brief pontificate.

}}

{{pope list item

| 233
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| 16 May 1605 –
28 January 1621
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1605|05|16|1621|01|28}})}}

| 80px

| Paul V
{{small|PAVLVS Quintus}}

| Camillo Borghese

| 17 September 1550 Rome, Papal States

| 54/ 70

| Motto: {{lang|la|Absit nisi in Te gloriari}} {{small|("May it be absent, except to glory in You")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL5.htm |title=Pope Alexander VII (1655–1667) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=1 April 2014|archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702011155/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/PL5.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Known for financing many building projects, including the facade of St. Peter's Basilica. Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605). Restored the Aqua Traiana.

}}

{{pope list item

| 234
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| 9 February 1621 –
8 July 1623
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1621|02|09|1623|07|08}})}}

| 80px

| Gregory XV
{{small|GREGORIVS Quintus Decimus}}

| Alessandro Ludovisi

| 9 January 1554 Bologna, Papal States

| 67 / 69

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Issued the bull Aeterni Patris Filius (1621), which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the apostolic constitution Omnipotentis Dei (1623) against magicians and witches.

}}

{{pope list item

| 235
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| 6 August 1623 –
29 July 1644
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1623|08|06|1644|07|29}})}}

| 80px

| Urban VIII
{{small|VRBANVS Octavus}}

| Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini

| 5 April 1568 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany

| 55 / 76

| Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Issued a bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication (1624). Trial against Galileo Galilei. Last pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms.

}}

{{pope list item

| 236
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| 15 September 1644 –
7 January 1655
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1644|09|15|1655|01|07}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent X
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Decimus}}

| Giovanni Battista Pamphili

| 6 May 1574 Rome, Papal States

| 70 / 80

| Motto: {{lang|la|Alleviatae sunt aquae super terram}} {{small|("The waters are lifted above the earth")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I10.htm |title=Pope Innocent X (1644–1655)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810190631/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I10.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Opposed the Peace of Westphalia. Promulgated the apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653), condemning the five doctrines of Jansenism.

}}

{{pope list item

| 237
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| 7 April 1655 –
22 May 1667
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1655|04|07|1667|05|22}})}}

| 80px

| Alexander VII
{{small|ALEXANDER Septimus}}

| Fabio Chigi

| 13 February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany

| 56 / 68

| Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square. Issued the apostolic constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (1661), almost identical to that of Pius IX nearly two centuries later.

}}

{{pope list item

| 238
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| 20 June 1667 –
9 December 1669
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1667|06|20|1669|12|09}})}}

| 80px

| Clement IX
{{small|CLEMENS Nonus}}

| Giulio Rospigliosi

| 28 January 1600 Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany

| 67 / 69

| Motto: {{lang|la|Aliis non sibi clemens}} {{small|("Clement to others, not to himself")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C09.htm |title=Pope Clement IX (1667–1669)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810191031/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C09.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Mediated in the Peace of Aachen (1668).

}}

{{pope list item

| 239
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| 29 April 1670 –
22 July 1676
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1670|04|29|1676|07|22}})}}

| 80px

| Clement X
{{small|CLEMENS Decimus}}

| Emilio Bonaventura Altieri

| 13 July 1590 Rome, Papal States

| 79 / 86

| Motto: {{lang|la|Bonum auget malum minuit}} {{small|("He increases good and diminishes evil")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C10.htm |title=Pope Clement X (1670–1676)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810205235/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C10.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and commissioned one of the two fountains adorning the piazza of St. Peter's Square. Regulated the removal of relics of saints from sacred cemeteries.

}}

{{pope list item

| 240
40px

| 21 September 1676 –
12 August 1689
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1676|09|21|1689|08|12}})}}

| 80px

| Bl. Innocent XI
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Undecimus}}

| Benedetto Odescalchi

| 16 May 1611 Como, Duchy of Milan

| 65 / 78

| Motto: {{lang|la|Avarus non implebitur}} {{small|("The covetous man is not satisfied")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I11.htm |title=Pope Innocent XI (1676–1689)|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810210610/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/I11.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.

}}

{{pope list item

| 241
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| 6 October 1689 –
1 February 1691
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1689|10|06|1691|02|01}})}}

| 80px

| Alexander VIII
{{small|ALEXANDER Octavus}}

| Pietro Vito Ottoboni

| 22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice

| 79 / 80

| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).

}}

{{pope list item

| 242
40px

| 12 July 1691 –
27 September 1700
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1691|07|12|1700|09|27}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent XII
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Duodecimus}}

| Antonio Pignatelli

| 13 March 1615 Spinazzola, Kingdom of Naples

| 76 / 85

| Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem (1692) to stop nepotism. Erected various charitable and educational institutions.

}}

{{pope list item

| 243
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| 23 November 1700 –
19 March 1721
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1700|11|23|1721|03|19}})}}

| 80px

| Clement XI
{{small|CLEMENS Undecimus}}

| Giovanni Francesco Albani

| 23 July 1649 Urbino, Papal States

| 51 / 71

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. The Chinese Rites controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the feast of Immaculate Conception universal. The Inquisition's ban on the reprinting of Galileo's works was lifted in 1718, when permission was granted to publish an edition of his scientific works (excluding the condemned Dialogue) in Florence.{{cite book |last=Heilbron |first=John L. |contribution=Censorship of Astronomy in Italy after Galileo |editor-first=Ernan |editor-last=McMullin |title=The Church and Galileo |date=2005 |publisher=University of Notre Dame Press |isbn=978-0-268-03483-2 |page=299}}

}}

== 18th century ==

{{pope list item

| 244
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| 8 May 1721 –
7 March 1724
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1721|05|08|1724|03|07}})}}

| 80px

| Innocent XIII
{{small|INNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus}}

| Michelangelo dei Conti

| 13 May 1655 Poli, Papal States

| 65 / 68

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in China, ordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bull Apostolici Ministerii (1724), reviving ecclesiastical discipline in Spain and its colonies.

}}

{{pope list item

| 245
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| 29 May 1724 –
21 February 1730
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1724|05|29|1730|02|21}})}}

| 80px

| Servant of God Benedict XIII
{{small|BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus}}

| Pierfrancesco Orsini, O.P.

| 2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, Kingdom of Naples

| 75 / 81

| Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Member of the Dominican Order, with the religious name Vincenzo. Third and last member of the Orsini family to become pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by Urban VII and Urban VIII. During his pontificate, James Bradley discovered the stellar aberration, proving the relative motion of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.

}}

{{pope list item

| 246
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| 12 July 1730 –
6 February 1740
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1730|07|12|1740|02|06}})}}

| 80px

| Clement XII
{{small|CLEMENS Duodecimus}}

| Lorenzo Corsini

| 7 April 1652 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany

| 78 / 87

| Motto: {{lang|la|Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum}} {{small|("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C12.htm |title=Pope Clement XII (1730–1740) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=14 August 2014|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810191031/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/C12.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (1735). Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738).

}}

{{pope list item

| 247
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| 17 August 1740 –
3 May 1758
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1740|08|17|1758|05|03}})}}

| 80px

| Benedict XIV
{{small|BENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus}}

| Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini

| 31 March 1675 Bologna, Papal States

| 65 / 83

| Motto: {{lang|la|Curabuntur omnes}} {{small|("All will be healed")}}{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/B14.htm |title=Pope Benedict XIV (1740–1758) |publisher=GCatholic|access-date=14 August 2014|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023657/http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/pope/B14.htm|url-status=live}}

Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Reformed the education of priests and the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas. Founded academies of art, liturgy, religion, and science. Authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works, including a mildly censored version of Galileo's Dialogue.

}}

{{pope list item

| 248
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| 6 July 1758 –
2 February 1769
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1758|07|06|1769|02|02}})}}

| 80px

| Clement XIII
{{small|CLEMENS Tertius Decimus}}

| Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico

| 7 March 1693 Venice, Republic of Venice

| 65 / 75

| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Jesuits in the bull Apostolicum pascendi (1765). During his pontificate (or at the end of his predecessor's pontificate), the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from the Index of Forbidden Books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of Galileo's Dialogue and Copernicus's De Revolutionibus remained.

}}

{{pope list item

| 249
40px

| 19 May 1769 –
22 September 1774
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1769|05|19|1774|09|22}})}}

| 80px

| Clement XIV
{{small|CLEMENS Quartus Decimus}}

| Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv.

| 31 October 1705 Sant'
Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States

| 63 / 68

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order, with the religious name Lorenzo. Suppressed the Jesuits through the brief Dominus ac Redemptor (1773).

}}

{{pope list item

| 250
40px

| 15 February 1775 –
29 August 1799
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1775|02|15|1799|08|29}})}}

| 80px

| Pius VI
{{small|PIVS Sextus}}

| Giovanni Angelo Onofrio Melchiorre Natale Antonio Braschi

| 25 December 1717 Cesena, Papal States

| 57 / 81

| Motto: {{lang|la|Floret in Domo Domini}} {{small|("It blossoms in the House of God")}}{{cite web |title=The Wind was too Strong |url=http://romeartlover.tripod.com/PiusVI.html |publisher=Rome Art Lover|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305005642/http://romeartlover.tripod.com/PiusVI.html|url-status=live}}

Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Condemned the French Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by the French from 1798 until his death. Last pope to be a patron of Renaissance art.

}}

{{pope list item

| interregnum=yes

| 29 August 1799 –
14 March 1800
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1799|08|29|1800|03|14}})}}

| Six-month period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the former pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.

}}

{{pope list item

| 251
40px

| 14 March 1800 –
20 August 1823
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1800|03|14|1823|08|20}})}}

| 80px

| Servant of God Pius VII
{{small|PIVS Septimus}}

| Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B.

| 14 August 1742 Cesena, Papal States

| 57 / 81

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict, with the religious name Gregorio. Present at Napoleon's coronation as emperor of the French. Expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814. Revived the Jesuits in the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum (1814). Organized the Papal Carabinieri Corps (1816).

}}

== 19th century ==

{{pope list item

| 252
40px

| 28 September 1823 –
10 February 1829
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1823|09|28|1829|02|10}})}}

| 80px

| Leo XII
{{small|LEO Duodecimus}}

| Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga

| 22 August 1760 Genga, Papal States

| 63 / 68

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through the bull Quod divina sapientia (1824). Condemned Freemasonry and the Bible societies.

}}

{{pope list item

| 253
40px

| 31 March 1829 –
30 November 1830
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1829|03|31|1830|11|30}})}}

| 80px

| Pius VIII
{{small|PIVS Octavus}}

| Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni

| 20 November 1761 Cingoli, Papal States

| 67 / 69

| Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Accepted Louis Philippe I as king of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist translations of the Bible through the brief Litteris altero (1830).

}}

{{pope list item

| 254
40px

| 2 February 1831 –
1 June 1846
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1831|02|02|1846|06|01}})}}

| 80px

| Gregory XVI
{{small|GREGORIVS Sextus Decimus}}

| Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam.

| 18 September 1765 Belluno, Republic of Venice

| 65 / 80

| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Member of the Camaldolese, with the religious name Mauro. Last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Politically opposed to democratic and modernising reforms of the Papal States. Regarding scientific thinking, all traces of opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835, when the uncensored versions of Dialogue and De Revolutionibus were finally removed from the Index.

}}

{{pope list item

| 255
40px

| 16 June 1846 –
7 February 1878
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1846|06|16|1878|02|07}})}}

| 80px

| Bl. Pius IX
{{small|PIVS Nonus}}

| Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti

| 13 May 1792 Senigallia, Papal States

| 54 / 85

| Subject and later the last sovereign of the Papal States, finally becoming an Italian citizen. Defined the dogmas of Immaculate Conception and papal infallibility. Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors (1864). Opened the First Vatican Council (1869). Lost the Papal States to Italy (1870). Longest-reigning pope since Peter (c. 30–64); longest verified reign. First pope to be photographed.

During his pontificate, Augustinian friar Gregor Mendel published the "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" and Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species. At that time, no high-level Church pronouncement attacked head-on the theory of evolution as applied to non-human species.Harrison, especially Conclusion section 2

Even before the development of the scientific method, Catholic theology had allowed for biblical texts to be read as allegorical rather than literal where they appeared to contradict that which could be established by science or reason. Thus, Catholicism has been able to refine its understanding of scripture in light of scientific discoveries.{{cite web |url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0043.htm |title=Catholic Education Resource Center|access-date=7 August 2023|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113053619/https://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0043.htm|url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1988/PSCF3-88Young.html |title=The Contemporary Relevance of Augustine |access-date=7 August 2023|archive-date=12 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712161455/https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1988/PSCF3-88Young.html|url-status=live}}

}}

{{pope list item

| 256
40px

| 20 February 1878 –
20 July 1903
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1878|02|20|1903|07|20}})}}

| 80px

| Leo XIII
{{small|LEO Tertius Decimus}}

| Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci

| 2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, French Empire

| 67 / 93

| French citizen of Italian ethnicity, later becoming a subject of the Papal States and finally an Italian citizen. Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum (1891), supporting Christian democracy against Communism. Fourth-longest reigning pope after Peter, Pius IX, and John Paul II. Promoted the rosary and scapular. Approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix. First pope to be filmed using a motion picture camera (1898) and first pope with voice recorded. Oldest verified pope in office.

}}

== 20th century ==

{{pope list item

| 257
40px

| 4 August 1903 –
20 August 1914
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1903|08|04|1914|08|20}})}}

| 80px

| St Pius X
{{small|PIVS Decimus}}

| Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto

| 2 June 1835 Riese, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire

| 68 / 79

| Motto: {{lang|la|Instaurare omnia in Christo}} {{small|("To restore all things in Christ")}}

Subject of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Placed a renewed emphasis on the Eucharist, expanding its reception. Combatted Modernism, issuing an oath against it (1910). Advocated the use of Gregorian Chant and reformed the Roman Breviary (1911).

}}

{{pope list item

| 258
40px

| 3 September 1914 –
22 January 1922
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1914|09|03|1922|01|22}})}}

| 80px

| Benedict XV
{{small|BENEDICTVS Quintus Decimus}}

| Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa

| 21 November 1854 Pegli, Kingdom of Sardinia

| 59 / 67

| Motto: {{lang|la|In Te, Domine, speravi; non confundar in aeternum}} {{small|("In Thee, o Lord, have I trusted; let me not be confounded for evermore")}}

Subject of the Kingdom of Sardinia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the 1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum illud. Remembered by Benedict XVI as a "prophet of peace". Reversed the betting ban on the outcome of papal elections imposed by Gregory XIV.

}}

{{pope list item

| 259
40px

| 6 February 1922 –
10 February 1939
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1922|02|06|1939|02|10}})}}

| 80px

| Pius XI
{{small|PIVS Undecimus}}

| Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti

| 31 May 1857 Desio, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire

| 64 / 81

| Motto: {{lang|la|Pax Christi in Regno Christi}} {{small|("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ")}}

Subject of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy (1929), establishing Vatican City as a sovereign state. Inaugurated the Vatican Radio (1931). Refounded the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Instituted the feast of Christ the King. Opposed Nazism and Communism.

}}

{{pope list item

| 260
40px

| 2 March 1939 –
9 October 1958
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1939|03|02|1958|10|09}})}}

| 80px

| Ven. Pius XII
{{small|PIVS Duodecimus}}

| Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli

| 2 March 1876 Rome, Kingdom of Italy

| 63 / 82

| Motto: {{lang|la|Opus justitiae pax}} {{small|("The work of justice [shall be] peace")}}

Italian citizen; first pope born after the unification of Italy. Credited with intervening for peace during World War II; controversial for his reactions to the Holocaust. Eliminated the Italian majority of cardinals. Invoked papal infallibility in the apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus, defining the dogma of the Assumption. Published the Humani generis (1950), the first encyclical to specifically refer to evolution and take a neutral position in regard to human evolution:

"The Church does not forbid that ... research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter."Pius XII, [https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis_en.html encyclical Humani generis] 36 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419021937/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_xii/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis_en.html |date=April 19, 2012 }}

}}

{{pope list item

| 261
40px

| 28 October 1958 –
3 June 1963
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1958|10|28|1963|06|03}})}}

| 80px

| St John XXIII
{{small|IOANNES Vicesimus Tertius}}

| Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

| 25 November 1881 Sotto il Monte, Kingdom of Italy

| 76 / 81

| Motto: {{lang|la|Obedientia et pax}} {{small|("Obedience and peace")}}

Italian citizen. Opened the Second Vatican Council (1962). Intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962); issued the encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament Called the "Good Pope John".

}}

{{pope list item

| 262
40px

| 21 June 1963 –
6 August 1978
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1963|06|21|1978|08|06}})}}

| 80px

| St Paul VI
{{small|PAVLVS Sextus}}

| Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini

| 26 September 1897 Concesio, Kingdom of Italy

| 65 / 80

| Motto: {{lang|la|Cum Ipso in monte}} {{small|("With Him on the mountain")}}

Italian citizen. Last pope to be crowned. First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the Second Vatican Council (1965). First pope since the 9th century to visit the East, labelling the Eastern Churches as sister churches; visited the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchs of Jerusalem and Constantinople in 1964 and 1967. Rescinded the mutual excommunications which led to the Great Schism of 1054 in his meeting with Patriarch Athenagoras I in 1964. Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae (1968), reaffirming the condemnation of artificial contraception. Revised the Roman Missal (1969).

}}

{{pope list item

| 263
40px

| 26 August 1978 –
28 September 1978
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1978|08|26|1978|09|28}})}}

| 80 px

| Bl. John Paul I
{{small|IOANNES PAVLVS Primus}}

| Albino Luciani

| 17 October 1912 Forno di Canale, Kingdom of Italy

| 65 / 65

| Motto: {{lang|la|Humilitas}} {{small|("Humility")}}

Italian citizen; most recent Italian pope. First pope to be born in the twentieth century. Abolished the papal coronation and opted for the papal inauguration. First pope to use "the First" in his papal name; first with two names for his two immediate predecessors. Last to use the sedia gestatoria. Died 33 days after his election.

}}

{{pope list item

| 264
40px

| 16 October 1978 –
2 April 2005
{{small|({{Age in years and days|1978|10|16|2005|04|02}})}}

| 80px

| St John Paul II
{{small|IOANNES PAVLVS Secundus}}

| Karol Józef Wojtyła

| 18 May 1920 Wadowice, Republic of Poland

| 58 / 84

| Motto: {{lang|la|Totus tuus}} {{small|("Totally yours")}}

Polish citizen; first pope from Poland and first of Slavic origin. First non-Italian pope since Adrian VI (1522–1523). Youngest individual to begin his papacy since Pius IX (1846). Third-longest reigning pope after Peter and Pius IX. Travelled extensively, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Issued the encyclical Redemptor hominis (1979), exploring contemporary human problems. Established the World Youth Day (1984) and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized 483 saints; more than any of his predecessors. Signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (1999) between the Catholic Church and the Lutheran World Federation. First to use the popemobile, replacing the sedia gestatoria.

}}

= 3rd millennium =

== 21st century ==

{{pope list item

| 265
40px

| 19 April 2005 –
28 February 2013
{{small|({{Age in years and days|2005|04|19|2013|02|28}})}}

| 80px

| Benedict XVI
{{small|BENEDICTVS Sextus Decimus}}

| Joseph Alois Ratzinger

| 16 April 1927 Marktl, Bavaria, German Reich

| 78 / 85 (†95)

| Motto: {{lang|la|Cooperatores veritatis}} {{small|("Cooperators of the truth")}}

German citizen; first German pope since Stephen IX (1057–1058). Promoted the use of Latin and reintroduced several papal garments that had fallen into disuse. Elevated the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position (2007). Authorized the formation of the Anglican ordinariates (2009). First pope to renounce the papacy since Gregory XII (1415); first to do so on his own initiative since Celestine V (1294),{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/11/benedict-placehold-pope-weakened-church |title=Benedict, the placeholder pope who leaves a battered, weakened church |work=The Guardian |date=11 February 2013 | access-date=12 February 2013 |author=Brown, Andrew | archive-date=1 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301180614/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/feb/11/benedict-placehold-pope-weakened-church | url-status=live}} becoming pope emeritus.{{cite news |last1=Pianigiani |first1=Gaia |last2=Povoledo |first2=Elisabetta |title=Benedict XVI to Keep His Name and Become Pope Emeritus |work=The New York Times |date=27 February 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/27/world/europe/benedict-xvi-to-keep-his-name-and-become-pope-emeritus.html|access-date=27 February 2017|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721162208/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/27/world/europe/benedict-xvi-to-keep-his-name-and-become-pope-emeritus.html|url-status=live}} Died on 31 December 2022, aged 95;{{cite news |title=The 95-year-old Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI passed away at the Vatican's Mater Ecclesiae Monastery |work=Vatican News |date=31 December 2022 |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2022-12/pope-emeritus-benedict-xvi-dies-aged-95.html|access-date=1 January 2023|archive-date=31 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231093857/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2022-12/pope-emeritus-benedict-xvi-dies-aged-95.html|url-status=live}} longest-lived pope on record.

}}

{{pope list item

| 266
40px

| 13 March 2013 –
21 April 2025
{{small|({{Age in years and days|2013|03|13|2025|04|21}})}}

| 80px

| Francis
{{small|FRANCISCVS}}

| Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J.

| 17 December 1936 Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic

| 76 / 88

| Motto: {{lang|la|Miserando atque eligendo}} {{small|("By having mercy and by choosing")}}{{cite news |last1=Scarisbrick |first1=Veronica |title=Pope Francis : "Miserando atque eligendo"... |url=http://www.news.va/en/news/pope-francis-miserando-atque-eligendo|access-date=10 May 2015 |work=Vatican Radio |agency=Vatican Radio |publisher=The Holy See |date=22 March 2013|archive-date=18 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018143713/http://www.news.va/en/news/pope-francis-miserando-atque-eligendo|url-status=dead}}

Argentine citizen. First pope born outside Europe since Gregory III (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from Argentina, first from South America and the first from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from a religious institute since Gregory XVI (1831–1846); first Jesuit pope. First pope to use a new and non-composed papal name since Lando (913–914). Issued the encyclical Laudato si' (2015), condemning global warming and irresponsible economic development. Facilitated the Cuban thaw (2015–2017). Eliminated the European majority of cardinals. First pope to visit and celebrate Mass on the Arabian Peninsula.{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/05/middleeast/uae-pope-visit-mass-intl/index.html |title=Pope Francis celebrates first papal mass in Arabian Peninsula |date=5 February 2019 | access-date=6 September 2022 | archive-date=15 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415065938/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/05/middleeast/uae-pope-visit-mass-intl/index.html | url-status=live}} Restricted the celebration of the Tridentine Mass (2021). Second-oldest verified pope in office after Leo XIII.

}}

{{pope list item

| 267
40px

| 8 May 2025 –
present
{{small|({{Age in years and days|2025|05|08}})}}

| 80px

| Leo XIV
{{small|LEO Quartus Decimus}}

| Robert Francis Prevost, O.S.A.

| 14 September 1955 Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

| 69

| Motto: {{lang|la|In illo Uno unum}} {{small|("In the One, [we are] one")}}

Dual American and Peruvian citizen; first pope born in the United States, first from North America, and the second from the Americas.{{cite web |last=Sage |first=Alexandria |date=May 8, 2025 |title=Soft-spoken Prevost is first pope from the US (and Peru) |url=https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/world/soft-spoken-prevost-is-first-pope-from-the-united-states-and-peru.phtml |access-date=May 9, 2025 |website=Buenos Aires Times}}{{cite news |last=Collyns |first=Dan |date=May 8, 2025 |title='The pope is Peruvian': elation in country where pontiff served as bishop |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/08/pope-leo-xiv-peru-latin-america |access-date=May 9, 2025 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}} Second pope from an English-speaking country; the first since Adrian IV (1154–1159).{{cite web |last=Sporzynski |first=Darius von Guttner |date=May 9, 2025 |title='Peace be with all of you': how Pope Leo XIV embodies a living dialogue between tradition and modernity |url=https://theconversation.com/peace-be-with-all-of-you-how-pope-leo-xiv-embodies-a-living-dialogue-between-tradition-and-modernity-256084 |access-date=May 9, 2025 |website=The Conversation }} First pope to be born after World War II and during the Cold War.{{cite web |last1 =Watling|first1=Tom|last2= Bedigan|first2=Mike |date=May 8, 2025 |title=Chicago-born Robert Prevost appointed 267th Pope |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/new-pope-robert-prevost-conclave-catholic-b2746517.html |access-date=May 9, 2025 |website=The Independent }} First Augustinian pope.

}}

Religious orders

51 popes and 6 antipopes (in italics) have been members of religious orders, including 12 members of third orders. They are listed by order as follows:

class="wikitable" \|+ !Type !# !Family !# !Order !# !Popes
rowspan="5"\|Canons Regular \|rowspan="5"\|6 \|rowspan="4"\|Augustinian Canons (C.R.S.A.) \|rowspan="4"\|5	Canons of the Lateran (C.R.L.) \|2 \|Honorius II, Innocent II
Canons of San Frediano \|1 \|Lucius II
Canons of Saint-Ruf \|1 \|Adrian IV
Canons of San Giorgio in Alga \|1 \|Eugene IV
colspan="3"\|Premonstratensians (O.Praem.) \|1 \|Gregory VIII
rowspan="3"\|Monastic Orders \|rowspan="3"\|25 \|rowspan="2"\|Benedictine Orders \|rowspan="2"\|23 \|Benedictines (O.S.B.) \|22 \|Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, John XVI, Sylvester II, Sergius IV, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Adalbert, Gelasius II, Anacletus II, Callixtus III, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII
{{nowrap\|Benedictine Camaldolese (O.S.B.Cam.)}} \|1 \|Gregory XVI
colspan="3"\|Cistercians (O.Cist.) \|2 \|Eugene III, Benedict XII
rowspan="6"\|Mendicant Orders \|rowspan="6"\|24 \|colspan="3"\|Augustinians (O.S.A.) \|1 \|Leo XIV
rowspan="2"\|Dominican Orders \|rowspan="2"\|5 \|Dominicans (O.P.) \|4 \|Innocent V, Benedict XI, Pius V, Benedict XIII
Dominican Tertiary (T.O.P.) \|1 \|Benedict XV
rowspan="3"\|Franciscan Orders \|rowspan="3"\|18 \|Friars Minor (O.F.M.) \|5 \|Nicholas IV, Nicholas V, Alexander V, Sixtus IV, Julius II
Conventual Franciscans (O.F.M.Conv.) \|2 \|Sixtus V, Clement XIV
Secular Franciscans (O.F.S.) \|11 \|Gregory IX, Gregory X, Martin V, Innocent XII, Clement XII, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII
rowspan="2"\|Clerics Regular \|rowspan="2"\|2 \|colspan="3"\|Jesuits (S.J.) \|1 \|Francis
colspan="3"\|Theatines (C.R.) \|1 \|Paul IV
Total !57 !colspan="3"\|N/A !57 !N/A

class="wikitable"

!Type

!Family

!Order

!Popes

rowspan="5"|Canons Regular

|rowspan="5"|6

|rowspan="4"|Augustinian
Canons
(C.R.S.A.)

|rowspan="4"|5

Canons of the Lateran (C.R.L.)

|Honorius II, Innocent II

Canons of San Frediano

|Lucius II

Canons of Saint-Ruf

|Adrian IV

Canons of San Giorgio in Alga

|Eugene IV

colspan="3"|Premonstratensians (O.Praem.)

|Gregory VIII

rowspan="3"|Monastic Orders

|rowspan="3"|25

|rowspan="2"|Benedictine Orders

|rowspan="2"|23

|Benedictines (O.S.B.)

|22

|Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, John XVI, Sylvester II, Sergius IV, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Adalbert, Gelasius II, Anacletus II, Callixtus III, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII

|Gregory XVI

colspan="3"|Cistercians (O.Cist.)

|Eugene III, Benedict XII

rowspan="6"|Mendicant Orders

|rowspan="6"|24

|colspan="3"|Augustinians (O.S.A.)

|Leo XIV

rowspan="2"|Dominican Orders

|rowspan="2"|5

|Dominicans (O.P.)

|Innocent V, Benedict XI, Pius V, Benedict XIII

Dominican Tertiary (T.O.P.)

|Benedict XV

rowspan="3"|Franciscan Orders

|rowspan="3"|18

|Friars Minor (O.F.M.)

|Nicholas IV, Nicholas V, Alexander V, Sixtus IV, Julius II

Conventual Franciscans (O.F.M.Conv.)

|Sixtus V, Clement XIV

Secular Franciscans (O.F.S.)

|11

|Gregory IX, Gregory X, Martin V, Innocent XII, Clement XII, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII

rowspan="2"|Clerics Regular

|rowspan="2"|2

|colspan="3"|Jesuits (S.J.)

|Francis

colspan="3"|Theatines (C.R.)

|Paul IV

Total

!57

!colspan="3"|N/A

!57

!N/A

Numbering of popes

Regnal numbers follow the usual convention for European monarchs. The first pope who chooses a unique name is not usually identified by an ordinal, John Paul I being the exception. Antipopes are treated as pretenders, and their numbers are reused by those considered to be legitimate popes. However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes.Louis Duchesne, "Le nombre des papes", in: [https://books.google.com/books?id=7bkKCCs&pg=PA3 Miscellanea di storia ecclesiastica e studi ausiliare] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310122949/https://books.google.com/?pg=PA3&hl=en |date=10 March 2024 }} Vol. 2 (Roma: 1903–1904), pp. 3–7.

Alexander: Antipope Alexander V (1409–1410) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century,{{cite book |title=Annuario pontificio per l'anno 1942 |date=1942 |location=Rome |page=21 |quote=205. Gregorio XII, Veneto, Correr (c. 1406, cessò a. 1409, m. 1417) – Pont. a. 2, m. 6. g. 4. 206. Alessandro V, dell'Isola di Candia, Filargo (c. 1409, m. 1410). - Pont. m. 10, g. 8. 207. Giovanni XXII o XXIII o XXIV, Napoletano, Cossa (c. 1410, cessò dal pontificare 29 mag. 1415}} when the Pisan popes were reclassified as antipopes. There had already been three more Alexanders by then, so there is now a gap in the numbering sequence.
Benedict: Antipope Benedict X (1058–1059) was kept in the numbering sequence.{{CathEncy|author=Paschal Robinson|wstitle=Antipope}}
Boniface: Antipope Boniface VII (974 and 984–985) was kept in the numbering sequence.
Donus: The name has only been used by one pope. The apocryphal Pope Donus II resulted from confusion between the Latin word dominus (lord) and the name Donus.
Felix: Antipope Felix II (356–357) was kept in the numbering sequence.
John: The numbering of the Popes John is particularly confused. In the modern sequence, they are identified by the numbers they used during their reigns.
Antipope John XVI (997–998) was kept in the numbering sequence.
Pope John XXI (1276–1277) chose to skip the number XX, believing that there had been another Pope John between XIV and XV. In reality, John XIV had been counted twice.{{CathEncy|author=Paschal Robinson|wstitle=Chronological Lists of Popes}}
By the 16th century, the numbering error had been conflated with legends about a female Pope Joan, whom some authors called John VIII. She was never listed in the Annuario Pontificio.{{CathEncy|author=Paschal Robinson|wstitle=Popess Joan}}
Antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century. After the Pisan popes were classified as antipopes, Pope John XXIII (1958–1963) chose to reuse the number, citing "twenty-two [sic] Johns of indisputable legitimacy".{{cite magazine |title=I Choose John ... |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938062,00.html |magazine=Time |date=10 November 1958 |page=91 |access-date=5 April 2020 |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124102923/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938062,00.html |url-status=live}}
Martin: Pope Martin I (649–655) is followed by Martin IV (1281–1285). Due to the similarity between the Latin names Marinus and Martinus, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and III.{{CathEncy|author=Paschal Robinson|wstitle=Pope Martin IV}}
Stephen: Pope-elect Stephen (752) died before being consecrated. He was previously known as Stephen II, but the Vatican removed him from the official list of popes in 1961. The remaining Stephens are now numbered Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058).

= Lists =

Notes

References

External links

[http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=9502 Catholic Online: The List of Popes]
[https://www.ecatholic2000.com/list-of-popes/ Chronological List of Popes]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20190206130951/http://www.ojaiorange.com/popes/intro.php Popes & Anti-Popes] (2019 archived copy)

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List of popes#Numbering of popes

{{Anchor|Chronological list of popes}} Chronological list of popes

= 1st millennium =

== 1st century ==

== 2nd century ==

== 3rd century ==

== 4th century ==

== 5th century ==

== 6th century ==

== 7th century ==

== 8th century ==

== 9th century ==

== 10th century ==

= 2nd millennium =

== 11th century ==

== 12th century ==

== 13th century ==

== 14th century ==

== 15th century ==

== 16th century ==

== 17th century ==

== 18th century ==

== 19th century ==

== 20th century ==

= 3rd millennium =

== 21st century ==

Religious orders

Numbering of popes

See also

= Lists =

Notes

References

Further reading

External links