List of princely states of British India (by region)

{{Short description|None}}

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{{More citations needed|date=December 2020}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}

[[File:British empire in east.png|thumb|350px|

{{legend|#DF0000|British India}}

{{legend|#00EA75|Princely states}}

{{legend|#E42BFF|Protectorates}}

{{legend|#550000|Mandates}}

{{legend|#FF6A6A|Other dependencies}}]]

{{Princely states of India topics}}

Before the partition of India in 1947, about 584 princely states, also called "native states", existed in India.{{cite web |last1=Cahoon |first1=Ben |title=Indian Princely States before 1947 A-J |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html |website=worldstatesmen.org |access-date=21 September 2018}} These were not part of British India, the parts of the Indian subcontinent which were under direct British administration, but rather under indirect rule, subject to subsidiary alliances.

Things moved quickly after the partition of British India in 1947. By the end of 1949, all of the states had chosen to accede to one of the newly independent states of India or Pakistan or else had been conquered and annexed.

Overview

File:Chamber of Princes 17-03-1941 detail.png meeting in 1941]]

{{Main|Princely state}}

{{For|details of precedence between the states|Salute state}}

In principle, the princely states had internal autonomy, while by treaty the British Crown had suzerainty and was responsible for the states' external affairs. In practice, while the states were indeed ruled by potentates with a variety of titles, the British still had considerable influence.

By the time of the departure of the British in 1947, only four of the largest of the states still had their own British resident, a diplomatic title for advisors present in the states' capitals, while most of the others were grouped together into agencies, such as the Central India Agency, the Deccan States Agency, and the Rajputana Agency.

Starting in 1920, the states were represented in the Chamber of Princes, which held its meetings in New Delhi.

The most important states were ranked as salute states, whose rulers were entitled to a given number of salute guns.

By the Indian Independence Act 1947, the British gave up their suzerainty of the states and left each of them free to choose whether to join one of the newly independent countries of India and Pakistan or to remain outside them. For a short time, some of the rulers explored the possibility of a federation of the states separate from either, but this came to nothing. Most of the states then decided to accede to India or to Pakistan, such as Junagadh (1947–1948), Bilaspur on 12 October 1948, and Bhopal on 1 May 1949. Travancore also chose to remain an independent country.

Hyderabad State was the largest which chose to remain independent. In Operation Polo, in September 1948, it was invaded and annexed by India.

In Jammu and Kashmir, a state with a Muslim majority but a Hindu ruler, the Maharaja hoped to remain independent but acceded to India on 27 October 1947 at the outset of the invasion of Jammu and Kashmir by Pakistan — leading to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.

On 31 March 1948, Kalat acceded to Pakistan, although the brother of the Khan led a rebellion against this decision.

Princely states at the time of partition on 15 August 1947

=Individual residencies=

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Map

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British resident

!style="width: 350px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last ruler

File:Hyderabad State in British India 1940.png

|width=160px|File:Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.svgHyderabad

|width=160px|Individual residency

|{{Flagicon|India}} Telangana, Maharashtra and Karnataka, India

|Mir Osman Ali Khan

File:Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) in British India 1940.png

|25px Jammu and Kashmir

|Individual residency

| {{Flagicon|India}} Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, India;

{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan;

{{Flagicon|China}} Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract, China

|Hari Singh

File:Mysore State in British India 1940.png

|File:Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg Mysore

|Individual residency

| {{Flagicon|India}} Karnataka, India

|Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar

File:Kingdom of Travancore State in British India 1940.png

|{{Flagicon|Travancore}} Travancore

|Individual residency status under Madras Presidency

| {{Flagicon|India}} Kerala and 5 taluks (Kanyakumari district) of Tamil Nadu, India

|Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma

=Baluchistan Agency=

Princely states of the Baluchistan Agency.

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 180px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Map

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British resident

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last ruler

File:Khanate of Kalat in British India 1940.png

|25px Kalat

| rowspan="4" |Baluchistan Agency

| rowspan=4 valign="middle"|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}}Balochistan, Pakistan

|Mir Ahmad Yar Khan Ahmedzai

File:State of Kharan in British India 1940.png

|{{flagicon|State of Kharan}} Kharan

|Habibullah Khan

File:Las Bela (princely state) in British India 1940.png

|File:Flag of the State of Las Bela.svg Las Bela

|Jam Ghulam Qadir Khan

File:Makran (princely state) in British India 1940.png

|{{flagicon|State of Makran}} Makran

|Bai Khan Baloch Gikchi

=Deccan States Agency and Kolhapur Residency (Maratha)=

Princely states of Deccan States Agency and Kolhapur Residency (Maratha).

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British Resident or Agent

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last or present ruler

25px Akalkot

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Shrimant Malojiraje Bhosle

25px Aundh

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Meherban Shrimant Bhawanrao Shriniwasrao Pant Pratinidhi

File:Bhor historical flag.png Bhor

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Raja Shrimant Sir Raghunathrao Shankarrao Pandit Pant Sachiv, Raja of Bhor

File:Jamkhandiflag.jpg Jamkhandi

|Princely State

| Karnataka, India

|Raja Saheb Shrimant Raja Pranay Rao Parshuram Rao Patwardhan

25px Janjira

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Nawab Sidi Muhammed Khan II Sidi Ahmad Khan, Nawab of Janjira

File:Jath flag.svg Jath

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Lt. Shrimant Raja Vijaysinghrao Ramrao Babasaheb Dafle

File:Kolhapur flag.svg Kolhapur

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Rajadhiraj Chhatrapati Shahu II Bhosle

File:Kolhapur flag.svg Ichalkaranji

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Shrimant Govindrao (Abasaheb) Ghorpade

25px Kurundvad Senior

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Raja Shrimant Bhalchandrarao Chintamanrao Patwardhan, Raja of Kurundwad Sr.

25px Kurundvad Junior

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Raja Shrimant Hariharrao Raghunathrao [Bapusaheb] Patwardhan, Raja of Kurundwad Jr.

File:Kolhapur flag.svg Miraj Junior

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

| Raja Meherban Shrimant Sir Madhavrao Hariharrao Patwardhan

File:Kolhapur flag.svg Miraj Senior

|Princely State

|Maharashtra, India

| Narayan Rao Jatya Sahib Patwardhan

File:Mudhol flag.svg Mudhol

|Princely State

| Karnataka, India

|Shrimant Raja Bhairavsinhrao Malojirao Ghorpade II

25px Phaltan

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Shrimant Ramraje Prataosinha Naik-Nimbalkar,

File:Sangli flag.svg Sangli

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Capt. Shrimant Raja Saheb Sir Chintamanrao II Dhundirajrao Appasaheb Patwardhan

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Savanur

|Princely State

| Karnataka, India

|Nawab of Savanur, Abdul Majid Khan II

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Sawantvadi

|Princely State

| Maharashtra, India

|Raja Khem Sawant-Bhosle Bahadur

=Gwalior Residency=

Princely states of the Gwalior Residency.

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British Resident or Agent

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last or present ruler

25px Gwalior

|Princely State

| Madhya Pradesh, India

| Shrimant Jyotirditya Scindia

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Garha

|Princely State

| Madhya Pradesh, India

|

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Khaniyadhana

|Princely State

| Madhya Pradesh, India

|

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Ramgadi

|Princely State

| Uttar Pradesh, India

| Diwan Mahadev Mishra{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Rajgarh State

|Princely State

| Madhya Pradesh, India

| Maharani Shushila Sinha Rudrani

25px Rampur

|Princely State

| Uttar Pradesh, India

| Raza Ali Khan of Rampur

Benares State

|Princely State

| Uttar Pradesh, India

| Maharaja Vibhuti Narayan Singh

=Madras Presidency=

Princely states of the Madras Presidency.

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British Resident or Agent

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last or present ruler

25px Banganapalle

|Princely State

| Andhra Pradesh, India

|Nawab Sayyid Fazl-i-'Ali Khan IV Bahadur, Nawab of Banganapalle

File:Cochin State Merchant Flag.png Cochin

|Princely State

| Kerala, India

|Rama Varma Pareekshit Thampuran, Maharaja of Cochin

File:Pudukkottai flag.svg Pudukkottai

|Princely State

| Tamil Nadu, India

|Rajagopala Tondaiman, Maharaja of Pudukkottai

25px Sandur

|Princely State

| Karnataka, India

|Yeshwantrao Ghorpade

=North-West Frontier States Agency=

Princely states of the North-West Frontier States Agency.

Agencies included the Dir, Swat, and Chitral Agency, and the Deputy Commissioner of Hazara acting as the political agent for Amb and Phulra.

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 180px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Map

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British resident

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last ruler

File:Amb in North-West Frontier States Agency in British India 1940.png

| 25px Amb

| rowspan="5" |North-West Frontier States Agency

| rowspan=5 valign="middle"|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}}Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

|Nawab Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli

File:State of Chitral in North-West Frontier States Agency in British India 1940.png

|25px Chitral

|Mehtar Saif-ul-Mulk Nasir

File:Dir in North-West Frontier States Agency in British India 1940.png

|{{flagicon|State of Dir}} Dir

|Muhammad Shah Khosru Khan

File:Kingdom of Phulra in North-West Frontier States Agency in British India 1940.png

|{{flagicon image|Flag of Phulra.jpg}} Phulra

|Nawab Abdul Latif Khan Tanoli

File:State of Swat in North-West Frontier States Agency in British India 1940.png

|{{flagicon image|Flag of Swat.svg}} Swat

|Wali Miangul Jahan Zeb

=Gilgit Agency=

The States of Hunza and Nagar and many feudal Jagirs (Puniyal, Shigar, etc.) in the Gilgit Agency were tributary to the Maharaja of Jammu & Kashmir.

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British resident

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last ruler

{{flagicon image|Flag of Hunza.svg}} Hunza

| rowspan="2" |Gilgit Agency

| rowspan=2 valign="middle"|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}}Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan

|Mohammad Jamal Khan

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Nagar

|Showkat Ali Khan

=Province of Sind=

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British resident

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last or present ruler

25px Khairpur

|Sind Province

| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}}Sindh, Pakistan

|George Ali Murad Khan

=Punjab States Agency=

States of the Punjab States Agency (Punjab).

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British Resident or Agent

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last or present ruler

{{flagicon|Bahawalpur}} Bahawalpur

|Princely State

| Punjab, Pakistan

|Nawab Sadeq Mohammad Khan V

File:Bilaspur flag.svg Bilaspur

|Princely State

| Himachal Pradesh, India

|Raja Kirti Chand, Raja of Bilaspur

25px Faridkot

|Princely State

| Punjab, India

|Colonel Farzand-i-Saadat-i-Nishan-i-Hazrat-i-Kaiser-i-Hind Maharaja Sir Harinder Singh Brar Bans Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Faridkot

shanag pirthawar

|{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Jind

|Princely State

| Punjab and Haryana, India

|Maharaja Satbir Singh ["Prince Sunny"], Maharaja of Jind

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Kalsia

|Princely State

| Haryana, India

|Raja Himmat Sher Singh Sahib Bahadur

{{flagicon image|Flag of Kangra state.png}} Kangra

|Princely State

| Himachal Pradesh, India

|Raja Aditya Dev Chand Katoch (annexed to British India in 1846 by the Treaty of Lahore)

File:Kapurthala flag.svg Kapurthala

|Princely State

| Punjab, India

|Brig. Maharaja Sri Sukhjit Singh Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Kapurthala

30px

Kumharsain

|Princely State

| Himachal Pradesh, India

|Rana Surendra Singh

{{flagicon image|Loharu state flag.png}} Loharu State

|Princely State

| Haryana, India

|Nawab Mirza Alauddin Ahmad Khan II (alias Parvez Mirza), Nawab of Loharu

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Malerkotla

|Princely State

| Punjab, India

|Nawab Muhammad Iftikhar 'Ali Khan Bahadur (last nawab)

25px Mandi

|Princely State

| Himachal Pradesh, India

|Maj. Raja Sir JOGINDER SEN Bahadur

25px Nabha

|Princely State

| Punjab, India

|Sir Pratap Singh Sir Hira Singh

25px Patiala

|Princely State

| Punjab, India

|Maharajadhiraj Sir Yadavindra Singh Mahendra Bahadur

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Rajgarh

|Princely State

| Himachal Pradesh, India

|Maharani Sushila Sinha

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Sirmur

|Princely State

| Himachal Pradesh, India

|Lt. Maharaja Rajendra Prakash Bahadur

25px Suket/ Sundernagar

|Princely State

| Himachal Pradesh, India

|Raja Hari Sen Bahadur of Suket

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg }} Siba

|Princely State

| Himachal Pradesh, India

|Raja Dr. Ashok K. Thakur, Raja of Siba & Tantpalan

Tharoch

|Princely State

|Himachal Pradesh, India

|Rana Rakesh Singh

File:Tehga.svg Tehri Garhwal

|Princely State (Zamindari)

| Uttarakhand, India

|Maharaja Manabendra Shah Sahib Bahadur

=Rajputana Agency=

States of the Rajputana Agency.

{{Clear}}

class="wikitable"

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British Resident or Agent

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last or present ruler

File:Alwar flag.svg Alwar

|Princely State

| rowspan="23" | Rajasthan, India

|Raj Rishi Shri Sawai Maharaja Jitendra Pratap Singhji Veerendra Shiromani Dev Bharat Prabhakar Bahadur Jitendra Singh, Maharaja of Alwar.

File:Banswara flag.svg Banswara

|Princely State

|Rai Rayan Mahimahendra Maharajadhiraj Maharawalji Sahib Shri Jagmalji II Sahib Bahadur, Naresh Rajya, Maharawal of Banswara.

{{flagicon image|Flag of Bharatpur.svg}} Bharatpur

|Princely State

|Shri Maharaja Shri Brajendra Sawai Vishvendra Singh Bahadur Jang

25px Bikaner

|Princely State

|Sri Raj Rajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Narendra Sawai Maharaja Shiromani Ravi Raj Singhji Bahadur, Maharaja of Bikaner and Head of the Royal House of Bikaner.

File:Bundi.svg Bundi

|Princely State

|Col. Maharao Raja Shri Bahadur Singhji Bahadur

25px Dholpur

|Princely State

| Maharajadhiraja

Shri Sawai Maharaj Rana Shri [[Hemant Singh of Dholpur|Hemant

Singh]], Lokendra Bahadur, Diler Jang Jai

Deo, Maharaj Rana of Dholpur

{{flagicon image|Flag of Dungarp.svg}} Dungarpur

|Princely State

|Rai-i-Rayan, Mahimahendra, Maharajadhiraj Maharawal Shri Mahipal Singhji II Sahib Bahadur, Maharawal of Dungarpur.

File:Flag of Jaipur.svg Jaipur

|Princely State

|HH Saramad-i-Rajahai Hindustan Raj Rajendra Shri Maharajadhiraj Sir Sawai Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II

25px Jaisalmer

|Princely State

|Maharajadhiraj Maharawal Sir Jawahir Singh Bahadur

25px Jhalawar

|Princely State

|Maharajadhiraj Maharaj Rana Shri Chandrajit Singh Dev Bahadur, Maharaj Rana of Jhalawar.

25px Jodhpur

|Princely State

|Raj Rajeshwar Saramad-i-Rajha-i-Hindustan Maharajadhiraja Maharaja Shri Gaj Singhji II Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Jodhpur.

25px Karauli

|Princely State

|Maharaja Shri Ganesh Pal Deo Bahadur Yadakul Chandra Bhal

File:Kishangarh.svg Kishangarh

|Princely State

|Umdae Rajhae Buland Makan Maharajadhiraja Maharaja Sumer Singhji Bahadur

File:Kotah.svg Kotah

|Princely State

|Maharao Shri Bhim Singh II Bahadur

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Kushalgarh

|Princely State

|Rao Harendra Singh

{{flagicon image|Flag of Imperial India.svg}} Sardargarh (formerly Lawa), thikana in Udaipur

|Princely State

|

25px Mewar

|Princely State

|Maharana Sir Bhupal Singh

Patan, Rajasthan

|Princely State

|Rao Bir Bikram Singh

File:Partabgarh.svg Pratabgarh

|Princely State

|Raja Ajit Pratap Singh

File:Flag of Jaipur.svg

Shekhawati

|Princely State

|Shri Maharao Sheoraj Singh

File:Shahpura.svg Shahpura

|Princely State

|Rajadhiraj Sudershan Singh

File:Sirohi.svg Sirohi

|Princely State

|Maharao Raghubir Singh

File:Tonk.svg Tonk

|Princely State

|Nawab Muhammad Faruq Ali Khan

= Gujarat States Agency and Baroda Residency =

=Kathiawar Agency=

class="wikitable"

|+Princely states of Kathiawar in Saurashtra

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Name of state

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|British Resident or Agent

!style="width: 160px; background-color: lightgrey;"|Now part of

!style="background-color: lightgrey;"|Last or present ruler

File:Dhrol flag.png Dhrol State

|Princely State

|rowspan=11 valign="middle"| Later Kathiawar, India

Now Gujarat, India

|Thakor Saheb Shri Shri Chandrasinhji Jadeja

File:Flag of Nawanagar.png Nawanagar State

|Princely State

|Jam saheb shri Shatrushaylsinhji Digvijaysinhji Jadeja

File:MMeghpar FLAG.jpg Makaji Meghpar

|Jagir

| Hardhrol Bhayats

File:Flag of Rajkot Principality.gif Rajkot State

|Princely state

|Thakor saheb Shri Pradhyumansinhji Jadeja

File:Coat of arms of Gondal State.svg Gondal State

|Princely state

|Thakor Saheb Shri Bhagvatsinhji Jadeja

File:Flag of Morvi State.png Morvi State

|Princely state

|Thakor Saheb Shri Lakhdhirsinhji Jadeja

File:Porbandarflag.png Porbandar State

|Princely state

|Maharana Shri Natwarsinhji Jethwa

File:Flag of Bhavnagar.svg Bhavnagar State

|Princely state

|Maharaja Raol Shri Krishnakumarsinhji Gohil

25px Wadhwan State

|Princely state

|Maharaja Shri Suredrasinhji Jhala

25px Junagadh State

|Princely state

|Nawab sahib Mahabatkhanji 3rd.

25px Jafarabad State

|Princely state

|Mohammad Khan 2nd.

File:Kathiawar map.jpg districts: Halar, Jhalavad, Sorath and Gohelwad.]]

File:SaurashtraKart.jpg

{{Princely states of the Western India States Agency}}

=States of [[Central India Agency]]=

=[[Eastern States Agency]]=

==Orissa States Agency==

==Chhattisgarh States Agency==

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

{{div col end}}

==[[Bengal States Agency]]==

=[[Mahi Kantha Agency]]=

Former Princely States annexed during the British Raj

{{see also|Doctrine of lapse}}{{div col}}

{{div col end}}

Former kingdoms annexed during the British East India Company era

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

{{div col end}}

See also

Notes

{{Reflist}}

;Sources

  • [https://infolog.in/list-of-indian-provinces/ Indian Princely States Genealogy]
  • [http://flagspot.net/flags/in-princ.html Flags of Indian Princely States]

Further reading

  • The Relationship Between the Indian Princely States and the Indian Central Government, 1921–1933, by Harry Dunseth Wood. Published by University of Chicago, 1951.
  • The Paramount Power and the Princely States of India, 1858–1881, by Ajit K. Neogy. Published by K. P. Bagchi, 1974.
  • Rajahs and Prajas: An Indian Princely State, Then and Now, by S. Devadas Pillai. Published by Popular Prakashan, 1976.
  • Princely States and the Paramount Power, 1858–1876: A Study on the Nature of Political Relationship Between the British Government and the Indian State, by Mihir Kumar Ray. Rajesh Publications, 1981.
  • Documents and Speeches on the Indian Princely States, by Adrian Sever. Published by B.R. Pub. Corp., 1985.
  • The Late Pre-colonial Background to the Indian Princely States, by Richard B Barnett. Published by Centre for South Asian Studies, University of Punjab, 1988.
  • Indian Princely Medals: A Record of the Orders, Decorations, and Medals of the Indian Princely States, by Tony McClenaghan. Published by Spantech & Lancer, 1996. {{ISBN|1-897829-19-1}}.
  • British Policy Towards Princely States of India: Seminar Entitled "British Policy Towards North Indian Princely States" : Selected Papers, by R P Vyas. Published by Rajasthan-Vidya Prakashan, 1992.
  • The Princely States of India: A Chronological Checklist of Their Rulers, by David P. Henige. Published by Borgo Press, 1997. {{ISBN|0-89370-325-7}}.
  • Constitutional Development in the Indian Princely States, by Ranjana Kaul. Published by UBS Publishers Distributors, 1998. {{ISBN|81-259-0511-1}}.
  • The Maharaja & the Princely States of India, by Sharada Dwivedi. Published by Lustre Press, 1999. {{ISBN|81-7436-081-6}}.
  • Illustrated Encyclopaedia & Who's who of Princely States in Indian Sub-continent, by J. C. Dua. Published by Kaveri Books, 2000. {{ISBN|81-7479-036-5}}.
  • The Golden Book of India: A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled or Decorated, of the Indian Empire, by Sir Roper Lethbridge. Adamant Media Corporation, 2001. {{ISBN|1-4021-9328-9}}.
  • True Tales of British India & the Princely States: & The Princely States, by Michael Wise. Published by In Print, 1993. {{ISBN|1-873047-06-1}}.
  • Princely States of India: A Guide to Chronology and Rulers, by David P. Henige. Published by Orchid Press, 2006. {{ISBN|974-524-049-4}}.
  • India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism, by Waltraud Ernst, Biswamoy Pati. Published by Routledge, 2007. {{ISBN|0-415-41541-1}}.