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List of privatizations by country#Austria

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}

{{incomplete list|date=March 2013}}

This list of privatizations provides links to notable and/or major privatizations.

{{TOC right}}

= Privatisation by country =

Argentina

{{see also|Railway privatisation in Argentina|Water privatization in Argentina}}

Australia

Austria<ref>[https://newsv2.orf.at/stories/2260950/2260960/]</ref>

{{see also|Österreichische Industrieholding}}

= 1950s =

  • Soviet Mineral Oil Administration (1955; partial privatization — a small portion of oil companies returned to Western owners; the majority transferred to the newly established state-owned OMV)[https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0344-9777-2011-2-126.pdf?download_full_pdf=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com]
  • Creditanstalt (1956–1997)
  • Länderbank (1957; partial privatization — 40% of shares sold to private investors: 30% were non-voting preference shares, while the 10% voting shares were allocated to institutions affiliated with the SPÖ and ÖVP)[https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0344-9777-2011-2-126.pdf?download_full_pdf=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com]

= 1970s =

  • Siemens AG Österreich (1972; partial privatization — majority stake of 56.4% transferred to German parent company Siemens; Austrian state holding ÖIAG retained 43.6%))[https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0344-9777-2011-2-126.pdf?download_full_pdf=1&utm_source=chatgpt.com]

= 1980s =

  • Lenzing AG (1985–1990s; the privatization process began with its listing on the Vienna Stock Exchange — full state ownership was phased out during the 1990s)[https://www.lenzing.com/de/ueber-uns/geschichte/]
  • OMV (1987-96; government retains 31.5%)
  • Berndorfer Metallwarenfabrik (1988; fully privatised through a management buyout)[https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20180924_OTS0070/schritt-fuer-schritt-an-ein-ungeahntes-ziel-seit-der-privatisierung-1988-wuchs-die-berndorf-ag-auf-zwanzigfache-groesse]
  • Verbund (1988; partial privatization through IPO — 49% of shares were listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange, the government retained 51%)[https://www.verbund.com/de/konzern/investor-relations/aktienkurs-und-information?utm_source=chatgpt.com]

= 1990s =

  • Simmering-Graz-Pauker (1992–1994; the company is now part of Siemens)
  • voestalpine (1992-2005)
  • Voest-Alpine Eisenbahntechnik (1992–94; privatized in stages — became VAE, which was jointly acquired by voestalpine and Vossloh in 1998; fully owned by voestalpine by 2003 and now operates as voestalpine Railway Systems)[https://web.archive.org/web/20110131163824/http://www.voestalpine.com/vaesa/en/company/history.html]
  • VA Technologie (1994-2005; partial privatisation began with IPO in 1994 — additional shares sold in 2003 and 2005; acquired by Siemens in 2005 and later integrated into Primetals Technologies)
  • Böhler-Uddeholm (1995–2003; IPO in 1995 — gradual reduction of state stake until full privatization by 2003)
  • Voest-Alpine Stahl AG (1995-2003; initial tranche of 31.7% sold in 1995 — further shares were divested in 2001 and 2003, completing full privatization)
  • VA Bergtechnik (1996)
  • Voest-Alpine Erzberg (2004)
  • Austria Mikro Systeme International (1993–94; now operates as AMS-Osram)
  • A.S.A. Abfall Service (1993; fully privatized through sale to Électricité de France — acquired by FCC Group in 2005 and now operates as FCC Austria)[https://www.fcc-group.eu/osterreich/unternehmen/historie]
  • AT&S (1994)
  • Schoeller-Bleckmann Oilfield Equipment (1995)
  • Schoeller-Bleckmann Edelstahlrohr GesmbH (1995)
  • Bernhard Steinel Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH (1995)
  • Weiler Werkzeugmaschinen (1995)
  • GIWOG-Wohnbaugruppe (1996)
  • Vamed (1996; government retained 13% until 2024)
  • AMAG Austria Metall AG (1996)
  • Salinen Austria (1997)
  • Mobilkom Austria (1997)
  • Wiener Boerse (1999){{Cite web|url=https://www.wienerborse.at/marktdaten/aktien-sonstige/unternehmensprofil/?ISIN=AT0000816301&ID_NOTATION=92568&c2093%5Bfile%5D=GhnF9zvVk9bpunqwUvNKsw&cHash=a5a5dfc28dcf2106ed8fe617ae56eb6c|title=UNTERNEHMENS INVEST AG Unternehmensprofil auf wienerborse.at}}
  • Bank Austria (1997–98)
  • Austria Tabak (1997, 1999, 2001)

= 2000s =

= 2010s =

  • Funkhaus Wien (2016){{Cite web|url=https://wien.orf.at/v2/news/stories/2780125/|title = ORF-Funkhaus geht an Baugruppe Rhomberg|date = 14 June 2016}}

= 2020s =

  • EuroTeleSites (2023; partial privatization through IPO - A1 Telekom Austria Group spun off its radio tower division and listed it on the Vienna Stock Exchange ; the state retains an indirect stake via ÖBAG){{cite web | url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/TELEKOM-AUSTRIA-AG-6492023/news/A1-Telekom-Austria-s-radio-towers-division-debuts-below-reference-price-44903108/ | title=A1 Telekom Austria's radio towers division debuts below reference price - MarketScreener | date=22 September 2023 }}
  • Vamed (2024; government sold its remaining 13% to Fresenius){{cite web | url=https://industriemagazin.at/news/oebag-und-b-c-gruppe-verkaufen-anteile-an-vamed-ag-an-fresenius/ | title=ÖBAG und B&C-Gruppe verkaufen Anteile an Vamed AG an Fresenius | date=4 June 2024}}
  • Wiener Lokalbahnen Cargo (since 2025; ongoing divestment process — Wiener Stadtwerke announced in 2025 that it intends to sell its freight transport subsidiary WLC; the process is expected to conclude within the year)[https://aviation.direct/en/Vienna-public-utilities-divest-freight-transport-division-Vienna-Local-Railways-Cargo]

Bahrain

Bolivia

{{see also|Water privatization in Bolivia}}

Brazil

{{see also|Water privatization in Brazil}}

Canada

{{see also|Crown corporations of Canada}}

Chile

{{see also|Water privatization in Chile}}

Czechoslovakia

Egypt

  • The Shebin spinning and weaving factory in Menoufia in the Nile Delta was on strike against/locked out by its new non-Egyptian owners in the wake of the 2011 revolution. Workers and maybe the military now in control of the state were favoring re-nationalization, according to one report. "[L] iberal economic policy is tarred with [the old regime's] corruption," said Michael Wahid Hanna, in Cairo for the U.S.-based Century Foundation.Amos, Deborah, [https://www.npr.org/2011/04/20/135542498/in-egypt-revolution-moves-into-the-factories "In Egypt, Revolution Moves Into The Factories"], NPR, 20 April 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2011. Indorama, the new Indonesian/Thai[http://www.indorama.com/our_group/index.htm "The Indorama Group"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615142404/http://www.indorama.com/our_group/index.htm |date=15 June 2012 }}, company website. Retrieved 20 April 2011. owner of Shebin,[http://www.indorama.com/companies/indo_shebin/profile.htm "Indorama Shebin Textiles Co. S.A.E"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904010054/http://www.indorama.com/companies/indo_shebin/profile.htm |date=4 September 2011 }}, company website. Retrieved 20 April 2011. was not quoted in the report. Looking further back to 2000, "well considered public spinners" Shebin El Kom and STIA, were then considered to have a "redundant labor problem ... [but] would otherwise be attractive privatization buying or leasing opportunities for private investors."[http://www.abtassociates.com/reports/ES-IA15.pdf "The impact of privatization and policy reforem on the cotton spinning industry in Egypt"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061648/http://www.abtassociates.com/reports/ES-IA15.pdf|date=4 March 2016}}, Prime Contractor:

Abt Associates Inc.; sponsored by Government of Egypt, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and United States Agency for International Development; November 2000.

Retrieved 20 April 2011. In 2011, STIA, also known as El Nasr Wool & Selected Textiles, of Alexandria, remained "one of the largest public sector textiles companies."[http://www.stiaco.com/home.htm STIA Home], company website. Retrieved 20 April 2011.

Finland

France

= 1980s =

= 1990s =

= 2000s =

= 2010s =

  • Française des Jeux (FDJ) – in 2019 the French State sold off around 50% of its shares retaining 20%{{cite web | url=https://igamingbusiness.com/legal-compliance/legal/european-commission-launches-investigation-into-fdj-remuneration/ | title=European Commission launches investigation into FDJ monopoly | date=27 July 2021 }}{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-privatisation-fdj-idUSKBN1XH1WL | title=France gambles on privatization drive with lottery stake sale | newspaper=Reuters | date=7 November 2019 }}

Germany

{{see also|Treuhandanstalt}}

  • 1921: UFA
  • 1960: Volkswagen Group[https://www.bild.de/news/topics/bundestag-beschliesst-privatisierung-von-vw-7910062.bild.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com] (the Lower Saxony still retains an 11.8% stake[https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/shareholder-structure-15951])
  • 1965-87: VEBA[https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/2076/3_Kap3_Privatisierung_in_Deutschland.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=4&utm_source=chatgpt.com] (now part of E.ON)
  • 1966-97: Lufthansa[https://www.aerotelegraph.com/wie-lufthansa-privatisiert-wurdem]
  • 1986-88: VIAG[https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/2076/3_Kap3_Privatisierung_in_Deutschland.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=4&utm_source=chatgpt.com] (now part of E.ON)


  • Deutsche Bundespost became in January 1995:
  • Deutsche Post – the state owns 16.45% through the KfW.{{cite web |url=http://www.dpdhl.com/de/investoren/aktie/aktionaersstruktur.html |title=Deutsche Post DHL Group {{!}} Aktionärsstruktur |website=www.dpdhl.com |language=de |access-date=17 February 2024}}
  • Deutsche Telekom – the state still owns 27.8%, partly direct and partly through the KfW.{{cite news |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/telekom-aktien-bund-100.html |title=Staat verkauft Telekom-Aktien - Geld soll in Bahn fließen |last=AG |first=Deutsche Telekom |language=de |access-date=4 June 2024}}
  • Deutsche Postbank – in 2004 the state floated a minority stake for €2.5 billion

Ghana

{{see also|Water privatisation in Ghana}}

Guinea

{{see also|Water privatization in Guinea}}

Greece

{{see also|Hellenic Republic Asset Development Fund}}

  • DESFA – On 20 December 2018, a consortium formed by Snam (60%), Enagás (20%) and Fluxys (20%) completed the acquisition of a 66% stake in DESFA for an amount of €535 million.
  • Hellenic Petroleum – Starting from the 1990s, the Greek Government gradually sold its shares in the company, and currently owns only 35.5% of the shares.
  • Hellenic Vehicle Industry (ELVO) – In December 2020, 79% of the shares were acquired by an Israeli consortium formed by Plasan and SK Group. The Hellenic state continues to retains 21% of the shares.
  • Olympic Airways – at first, then Olympic Airlines; the Hellenic State attempted to privatise the ailing airlines five times, more or less, from 2004 onwards. The company was folded and re-created in 2009, and privatized in 2012, under the supervision of the EU and IMF, as it was part of the debt-restructuring process of 2012.
  • OPAP (Lottery and Betting Monopoly) – privatization completed in 2013, when the last remaining government-owned stock was sold{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-greece-opap-idUSBRE97B0BF20130812 |title=Greece completes privatization of gambling monopoly OPAP |newspaper=Reuters |date=12 August 2013}}
  • OTE (Οργανισμός Τηλεπικοινωνιών Ελλάδος / Hellenic Telecommunications Company) – became partly privatised in the 1990s, when its only shareholder at the time, the Hellenic State, reduced its share of the company to 36%. Since May 2018, Deutsche Telekom owns 45% of the shares, and the Hellenic State has retained 5%.
  • Piraeus Port Authority – In April 2016, HRADF sold 51% of Piraeus Port Authority to the COSCO Group.
  • Public Power Corporation – In 2001, PPC carried out a share flotation on the Athens Stock Exchange and consequently was no longer wholly owned by the government, although it was still controlled by it with a 51.12% stake until 2021. The company was privatised in November 2021, when the Greek government decreased its shareholding to 34.12% and transferred it to the Greek sovereign wealth fund, the Hellenic Corporation of Assets and Participations (HCAP).
  • Thessaloniki Port Authority – In March 2018, an international consortium acquired 67% of the shares, with the Hellenic State retaining 7.27%.
  • TrainOSE – It was acquired in September 2017 by the Italian railway company, Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane.

Hong Kong

Honduras

{{see also|Water privatization in Honduras}}

Iceland

{{main|List of privatisations in Iceland}}

India

Indonesia

{{see also|Water privatization in Jakarta}}

  • Aneka Gas Industri (partially sold to Messer Group and PT Tira Austenite in 1996, fully sold to Samator Gas in 2004)
  • Indosat (sold to Temasek Holdings in 2002–2003)

Iran

{{see also|Privatization in Iran}}

Iraq

  • (planned) most industries except oil, at the behest of the United States-sponsored government

Ireland

Israel

{{see also|Privatization in Israel}}

Italy

  • INA Assitalia
  • ITA Airways acquired by Lufthansa Group
  • Enel S.p.A. (1999 32% €16.6 billion, 2003 6.6% €2.2 billion, 2004 20% €7.5 billion)http://pepei.pennnet.com/News/Display_News_Story.cfm?Section=WireNews&Category=HOME&NewsID=109120 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050430104701/http://pepei.pennnet.com/News/Display_News_Story.cfm?Section=WireNews&Category=HOME&NewsID=109120 |date=30 April 2005 }}]
  • Eni
  • IRI (among which are Autostrade s.p.a., Credito Italiano)
  • Telecom Italia
  • Terna (Enel sold 43.5% for €1.48 billion in June 2004){{cite web |url=http://investmentsmagazine.com/ManageArticle.asp?C=20&A=7578 |title=Enel Raises Eu1.48 Billion |access-date=20 December 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050430100132/http://investmentsmagazine.com/ManageArticle.asp?C=20&A=7578 |archive-date=30 April 2005}}

Japan

Jordan

South Korea

Kuwait

Malaysia

Mexico

1,150 public companies, including banks, railroads, the telephone company, mines, roads, TV stations, ports, airports, airlines, sugar mills, and retirement funds.

Morocco

{{see also|Privatization in Morocco|Water privatization in Morocco}}

Netherlands

  • PTT, the mail and telecom company

New Zealand

{{see also|State-Owned Enterprises of New Zealand|Rogernomics|Rail privatisation in New Zealand}}

Norway

Pakistan

{{main|Privatisation in Pakistan}}

Peru

Philippines

{{see also|Water privatization in Metro Manila}}

  • Manila Hotel – was acquired by the Insular Government through the Manila Railroad Company in 1919, re-privatized in 1995.{{Cite news|title=Unpaid Manila Hotel loans soar to P17B|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20090506-203379/Unpaid-Manila-Hotel-loans-soar-to-P17B|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=2009-05-06|access-date=2013-09-30}}
  • Metro Manila Transit Corporation – split into four private companies in the 1990s.{{Cite thesis|title=Transportation History Of The Philippines|url=https://docu.tips/documents/transportation-history-of-the-philippines-5c15caff39560|access-date=March 7, 2022}}
  • National Sugar Trading Corporation (NASUTRA) – Former state monopoly, split in 1986 into its various predecessors.{{cite web|url=http://www.sra.gov.ph/about-us/history/|title=Sugar Industry History|publisher=Sugar Regulatory Administration |access-date=May 31, 2013}}
  • Philippine National Bank – 1989–2005{{cite web|url=https://www.pnb.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/docs/2007-PR-2ndQuarter.pdf|title=POST-REHAB INCOME SURGES; ASSET QUALITY FORTIFIED|work=PNB Press Release|access-date=2023-06-09}}
  • Radio Philippines Network – 80% privatized since 2014.{{cite news |url=https://business.inquirer.net/177106/cabangon-chua-group-set-to-take-over-rpn-9 |title=Cabangon-Chua group set to take over RPN-9 |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=August 21, 2014}}

Poland

{{see also|Balcerowicz Plan}}

Portugal

  • ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal (Portuguese airports)
  • CIMPOR
  • CTT – Portuguese post
  • EDP – Energia de Portugal
  • Fidelidade – the insurance part of the CGD public bank
  • Galp Energia – national petroleum company
  • Portugal Telecom – national telecommunications company
  • REN – Rede Eléctrica Nacional
  • TAP – airline

Qatar

  • Qatargas (now QatarEnergy LNG) – liquefied natural gas company (Q1 2005, 50% for $600 million)

Romania

Russia

{{see also|Privatization in Russia}}

A wide-scale privatization program was launched in 1992–1994, using a voucher privatization scheme; from 1995, a monetary scheme was used.

Saudi Arabia

Singapore

Slovakia

{{see also|Privatization in Slovakia}}

South Africa

{{see also|Water privatisation in South Africa}}

  • Iscor – Now known as ArcelorMittal South Africa, the company was privatised in 1989.
  • Telkom – Gradually privatised starting with the IPO in 2003. The government currently holds 39%, and is planning on selling its entire stake.

Spain

Sweden

= 1980s =

= 1990s =

= 2000s =

  • Celsius AB
  • Grängesbergs Gruvor
  • Kurortsverksamhet
  • Nordbanken
  • OMX – stock exchange – shares sold to Borse Dubai for 2.1 billion SEK.{{cite news |url=http://di.se/Nyheter/?page=/Avdelningar/Artikel.aspx%3FO%3DRSS%26ArticleId%3D2008%255c02%255c15%255c270677 |title=Regeringen har sålt hela OMX-innehavet |access-date=2 May 2008 |publisher=Dagens Industri |date=15 February 2008}}
  • SAKAB
  • SGAB
  • Svenska Lagerhus
  • Svenska
  • Vin & Sprit – sold to Pernod Ricard for 5.626 billion euro{{cite news |url=http://www.thelocal.se/10800/20080331/ |title=Pernod wins auction for Vin & Sprit |access-date=31 March 2008 |publisher=The Local |date=31 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404034300/http://www.thelocal.se/10800/20080331/ |archive-date=4 April 2008}}

= 2010s =

  • Nordea (19.5% owned by Swedish government){{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nordea-sale/sweden-sells-remaining-stake-in-nordea-for-3-4-billion-idUSBRE98O06C20130925 |title=Sweden sells remaining stake in Nordea for $3.4 billion |access-date=7 November 2017 |publisher=reuters |date=25 September 2013}}

= Planned privatisations =

  • Apoteket (partial, 2009)[http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1042&a=735532&rss=554 Regeringen överens om att sälja apotek] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214114637/http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1042&a=735532&rss=554 |date=14 February 2009 }}
  • SBAB
  • SAS (50% owned by Swedish, Danish, Norwegian governments)[http://www.scandinavian.net/EC/Appl/Home/FrontDoor/0,3479,LNG%253Dsv%2526SO%253D3F835E583CA54419_8E54125940D43A6B%2526MKT%253DSE,00.html Scandinavian Airlines]
  • Telia Sonera[http://www.privataaffarer.se/newsText.asp?src=pa&a=20780 Privata Affärer – Staten fick 18 miljarder för aktierna i Teliasonera] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927152313/http://www.privataaffarer.se/newsText.asp?src=pa&a=20780 |date=27 September 2007 }} (37.3% owned by the Swedish government)

Munkhammar, J. "Försäljning av statliga bolag under tre decennier", Timbro, 2007, {{cite web |url=http://www.timbro.se/bokhandel/pdf/000022.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=25 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020020110/http://www.timbro.se/bokhandel/pdf/000022.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2007}}

Tanzania

{{see also|Water privatization in Dar es Salaam}}

Turkey

{{further|Privatization Board of Turkey}}

(Listing Scope >US $10 M.)Privatization in Turkey, Republic Of Turkey Prime Ministry Privatization Administration, 2010, http://www.oib.gov.tr/program/uygulamalar/privatization_in_turkey.htm

= 1980s =

  • Ankara Çimento
  • Ansan-Meda
  • Balikesi̇r Çimento
  • Pinarhi̇sar Çimento
  • Söke Çimento

= 1990s =

  • Adiyaman Çimento
  • Anadolubank
  • Aşkale Çimento
  • Bartin Çimento
  • Bozüyük Seramik
  • Çİnkur
  • Çorum Çimento
  • Denİzbank
  • Denİzlİ Çimento
  • Elaziğ Çimento
  • Erganİ Çimento
  • Etİbank
  • Fİlyos
  • Gazİantep Çimento
  • Güneş Sigorta Spor Kulübü
  • Havaş
  • Ipragaz
  • İskenderun Çimento
  • Kars Çimento
  • Konya Krom Man.A.Ş.
  • Kümaş
  • Kurtalan Çimento
  • Ladİk Çimento
  • Lalapaşa Çimento
  • Metaş
  • Petlas
  • Ray Sigorta
  • Şanliurfa Çimento
  • Sİvas Çimento
  • Sümerbank
  • Trabzon Çimento
  • Türk Kablo
  • Tofaş S.K.
  • Van Çimento Sanayii
  • Yarimca Porselen T.A.Ş.

= 2000s =

  • Adapazarı Sugar Fac.
  • Asİl Çelİk
  • Ataköy Hotel
  • Ataköy Marina
  • Ataköy Tourism
  • Başak Insurance
  • Başak Retirement Fund
  • Bet Kütahya Şeker
  • Bursagaz
  • Çayelİ Bakir İşl.A.Ş.
  • Cyprus Turkish Airlines
  • Denİz Naklİyati T.A.Ş.
  • Esgaz
  • Eti Aluminium
  • Etİ Bakir
  • Etİ Elektrometalurji
  • Etİ Gümüş A.Ş.
  • Etİ Krom A.Ş.
  • Güven Sİgorta
  • Dİv-Han
  • Taksan
  • Türk Telekom

Ukraine

United Arab Emirates

  • Damas Jewelry (November 2004, 55% of the company for $224 million)

United Kingdom

{{see also|Privatisation of London bus services|Water privatisation in England and Wales}}

= 1970s =

= 1980s =

= 1990s =

= 2000s =

= 2010s =

= 2020s =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+Privatisations by share offer, 1981–91 From Nigel Lawson, The View from No. 11 (Bantam, 1992).

DateCompany% of equity initially soldProceeds £m
Feb 1981British Aerospace51.6150
Oct 1981Cable & Wireless50224
Feb 1982Amersham International10071
Nov 1982Britoil51549
Feb 1983Associated British Ports51.522
June 1984Enterprise Oil100392
July 1984Jaguar99294
Nov 1984British Telecom50.23,916
Dec 1986British Gas975,434
Feb 1987British Airways100900
May 1987Rolls-Royce1001,363
July 1987British Airports Authority1001,281
Dec 1988British Steel1002,500
Dec 1989Regional Water Companies1005,110
Dec 1990Electricity Distribution Companies1005,092
Mar 1991National Power and PowerGen602,230
May 1991Scottish Power and Scottish Hydro Electric1002,880

United States

{{see also|Privatization in the United States}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |last=Parker |first=David |title=The Official History of Privatisation Vol. I: The Formative Years, 1970–1987 |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-415-46916-6}}
  • {{cite book |last=Parker |first=David |title=The Official History of Privatisation, Vol. II: Popular Capitalism, 1987–97 |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-415-69221-2}}
  • {{cite report |last1=Kim |first1=Kunmin |last2=Panchanatham |first2=N. |title=Reform and Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises in India |date=16 December 2019 |url=https://www.adb.org/publications/reform-and-privatization-state-owned-enterprises-india |publisher=Asian Development Bank |access-date=26 August 2021 |type=Working paper |format=PDF |language=en}}
  • {{cite news |last1=Suyi |first1=Kim |title=India is making the right moves with its mega privatization plan |url=https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/india-is-making-the-right-moves-with-its-mega-privatization-plan-11619028273985.html |work=mint |date=21 April 2021 |access-date=26 August 2021 |language=en}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20040506213902/http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/M/William.L.Megginson-1/samplebill.pdf Sample Firms Privatized Through Public Share Offerings, 1961-August 2000] – Appendix to Juliet D'Souza, William L. Megginson (1999), [http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/M/William.L.Megginson-1/prv90pap.pdf "The Financial and Operating Performance of Privatized Firms during the 1990s"], Journal of Finance August 1999
  • [http://www.imaa-institute.org/ Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA) M&A] – Academic research institute on mergers & acquisitions, including privatization

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