Responses to the Iran–Israel war

Following the outbreak of the Iran–Israel war in June 2025, responses to the attack and ongoing counter-attacks varied across governments and non-governmental entities. Iran's government, as well as the public and the diaspora, reacted. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu issued a statement addressing the citizens of Iran. Furthermore, countries across the world issued their own statements in regards to their stance on the conflict, predominately for both Israel and Iran to de-escalate tensions, and more broadly to de-escalate tensions within the scope of the Middle East. There were also some demonstrations towards the war.

Iran

= Government =

The spokesman of the Iranian Armed Forces, Abolfazl Shekarchi, vowed to retaliate against Israel and the United States.{{Cite news |last1=Fassihi |first1=Farnaz |last2=Nauman |first2=Qasim |last3=Boxerman |first3=Aaron |last4=Kingsley |first4=Patrick |last5=Bergman |first5=Ronen |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel Strikes Iran's Nuclear Program, Killing Top Military Officials: Live Updates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/12/world/israel-iran-us-nuclear |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei released a statement following the strikes, calling the attacks a "crime" and warned that the "Zionist regime prepared for itself a bitter and painful fate".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran's Supreme Leader: Israel must prepare for 'bitter and painful' fate following attack |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771208 |work=Al Jazeera English}} The Iranian Foreign Ministry stated that Iran has the "legal and legitimate" right to respond to Israeli attacks under the UN Charter, also stating that the US will also be responsible for the "dangerous effects and consequences of the Zionist regime's adventure".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran says US will also be responsible for Israel's 'adventure' |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771277 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}} The IRGC stated that it is ready to respond even after the death of its chief, Hossein Salami.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Top Iranian general Bagheri 'has not been harmed': IRNA |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771136 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}} Ahmad Vahidi was appointed as a temporary IRGC commander{{cite web |title=By EXECUTIVE ORDER OF THE SUPREME LEADER, Brigadier General Ahmad Vahidi has been appointed as TEMPORARY COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE IRGC |url=https://x.com/IranianArForces/status/1933381741118468517 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}{{Primary source inline|date=June 2025}} until Ali Khamenei appointed Major General Mohammad Pakpour.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran's supreme leader names new IRGC chief |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3772010 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}} MP Alaeddin Boroujerdi said that "Iran will not participate in the sixth round of nuclear talks with the United States on [15 June] and until further notice."{{cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran refuses to continue nuclear talks with US |url=https://report.az/en/other-countries/iran-refuses-to-continue-nuclear-talks-with-us/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=Report.az}}{{Cite web |last=Crisp |first=Elizabeth |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran pulls out of nuclear talks with the US |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/5348689-iran-nuclear-deal-talks-suspended/ |website=The Hill}} Former President Mohammad Khatami called for condemnation of this "criminal act" and said that the UN should be at the "forefront" in the effort "to prevent further tragedies by seriously and comprehensively" condemning Israel.{{cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=LIVE: Israel launches 'major strike' on Iran's military, nuclear sites |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}} Iran warned the United States, United Kingdom, and France that any assistance to Israel will result in their regional bases and ships being targeted,{{Cite news |last1=Langford |first1=Antonia |last2=Hallows |first2=Ruth |last3=White |first3=Josh |last4=Hamblin |first4=Andrea |last5=Bodkin |first5=Henry |date=14 June 2025 |title=Iran-Israel latest: Iran threatens to attack British and American bases |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/06/14/israel-iran-war-middle-east-latest-news/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614000203/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/06/14/israel-iran-war-middle-east-latest-news/ |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} and one of the Iranian missiles has caused damage to the US consulate in Tel Aviv.{{cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=Missile attack caused minor damage to US embassy in Tel Aviv, envoy says |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/missile-attack-causes-minor-damage-to-us-embassy-in-tel-aviv-envoy-says/ |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=The Times of Israel}} On 13 June, the head of the Islamic Consultative Assembly's Councils Committee declared that "the Zionist regime and the United States should know that they will receive a swift, decisive, and shattering response." The following day, Mohammad-Reza Bahonar, a member of the Expediency Council, called for targeting U.S. positions in the region, accusing Washington of deceit and urging it to reconsider its support for Israel.{{Cite web |last=Sayeh |first=Janatan |date=14 June 2025 |title=Iran announces more casualties, intensifies internal crackdown amid Israeli strikes |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2025/06/iran-announces-more-casualties-intensifies-internal-crackdown-as-israeli-operations-continue.php |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=FDD's Long War Journal |language=en-US}} Iran's communications ministry announced nationwide internet restrictions.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran Says Imposed Internet Restrictions After Israel Attack |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/iran-says-imposed-internet-restrictions-after-israel-attack-e367af4a |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=Barron's |language=en-us |agency=Agence France-Presse}} On 19 June 2025, senior official Mohsen Rezaee said that the Israeli attacks was aimed to create chaos in the country by killing top military leaders, but the plan was repelled, saying that Israel's goals is to turn Iran into Syria and plunge it into a 10-year insecurity.{{Cite web |date=19 June 2025 |title=Iranian official suggests Israel’s plan for Iran failed |url=https://aje.io/ac1txh?update=3786970 |website=Al Jazeera}}

= Iranian public =

Following the Israeli strikes that killed senior Iranian commanders, anger mixed with anxiety among many Iranians. "We will go after them to punish them: an eye for an eye," said a Tehran taxi driver. In the capital, people gathered around large screens cheering as footage of Iran’s missile response aired, while others expressed hope that the conflict would not escalate into full war.{{cite web |last1=KARIMI |first1=NASSER |title=Anger and worry mix in Tehran after Iran and Israel exchange strikes |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-israel-attacks-mood-tehran-8de6647cf89b3630ccbcc302f433d81e# |website=AP |access-date=June 18, 2025 |date=June 14, 2025}}{{cite web |title=Anger and worry mix in Iran's capital after retaliatory strikes against Israel |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/iran-tehran-muhammad-anger-israel-b2770066.html |website=The Independent |access-date=June 18, 2025 |date=June 14, 2025}} Protesters rallied in Tehran chanted slogans against Israel, calling for a forceful response and warning that without firm action, Iran could face the kind of devastation seen in Gaza.{{cite web |title=Iranians take to the streets calling for a 'crushing response' |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/iranians-take-streets-calling-crushing-response |website=Middle East Eye |access-date=June 18, 2025 |date=June 13, 2025}}

According to The Washington Post, state restrictions and reluctance among Iranians to speak openly with international media make it "difficult to gauge public sentiment in Iran." Ongoing economic challenges, political restrictions, and international tensions have led to widespread frustration and disillusionment regarding prospects for reform. Some Iranians interviewed by the Post expressed satisfaction at the deaths of certain government officials, with a few using the Eid al-Ghadir holiday to express such sentiments. Others suggested that the news seemed more alarming to observers abroad, noting that Iranians have endured significant hardships in the past. Demonstrations in support of the government and against Israel were also reported.{{Cite news |last=Torbati |first=Yeganeh |last2=DeYoung |first2=Karen |last3=Balousha |first3=Hazem |last4=Bisset |first4=Victoria |last5=Ledur |first5=Júlia |last6=Shapiro |first6=Leslie |last7=Raji |first7=Tobi |last8=Amenabar |first8=Teddy |last9=Dance |first9=Scott |date=14 June 2025 |title=Israeli attacks leave Iranians fearful, hopeful |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/06/14/israel-iran-attacks-war-people-reaction/ |access-date=16 June 2025 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}} NPR quoted one woman expressing approval of the Israeli attack, while others described the news as a rare moment of relief amid years of difficulties.{{Cite news |last=Northam |first=Jackie |date=15 June 2025 |title=Iranians react to Israel's killing of its top leaders |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/06/15/nx-s1-5433664/iranians-react-to-israels-killing-of-its-top-leaders |access-date=16 June 2025 |work=NPR |language=en}} Some Iranians chanted slogans against Supreme Leader Khamenei, while social media users proposed symbolic targets like state-run media and his son Mojtaba Khamenei, linked to past crackdowns. However, some observers expressed concern that destabilizing the leadership through targeted killings could lead to anarchy and broader regional instability.{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=Israel's Targeting of Police and Interior Ministry Show Real Goal Is Regime Change |url=https://www.meforum.org/mef-observer/israels-targeting-of-police-and-interior-ministry-show-real-goal-is-regime-change |website=Middle East Forum Observer}}

Iranian security forces have initiated a broad crackdown on individuals accused of sharing content considered "supportive of Israel." On June 13, the Hormozgan Provincial Police Command reported the arrest of 14 citizens, claiming that, after the Israeli strikes, they "attempted to disturb public opinion and spread rumors in cyberspace were identified through technical and intelligence measures". At least 10 Iranians were held in custody on espionage charges linked to Israel.

However, many Iranians expressed concern about escalation, and demonstrations against Israel were also reported. Protesters in Qom and Tehran called for retaliation.{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/voDoo7mTakw |title=Thousands rally in Tehran calling for retaliation against Israel |date=13 June 2025 |type=News |language=en |publisher=TRT World |access-date=14 June 2025 |via=YouTube}} Protesters waved the flags of Iran and Palestine and carried portraits of slain IRGC general Qasem Soleimani.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Photos: People gather in Tehran to protest against Israeli attacks |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771906 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}} In Tehran, demonstrators displayed images of slain commanders and scientists, with some participants expressing that Israel's complete defeat, rather than simple retaliation, was necessary to ensure long-term security. Others expressed feeling fearful of the current situation: "We are killed a thousand times with stress, especially for people like myself who have kids".

Homayoun Sameh, the Jewish representative in Iran's parliament, stated that Israel is committing war crimes and crimes against humanity and also emphasized that Iranian Jews are part of the Iranian people.{{cite web |title=Iranian Jewish Leader Denounces Israel's 'Savage' Attacks on Iran |url=https://www.newsweek.com/iranian-jewish-leader-denounces-israel-attacks-khodadad-goharian-2088053 |website=News Week |access-date=June 20, 2025 |date=June 19, 2025}}{{cite web |title=Iran Jewish community in Isfahan condemns Israeli attack, state-run outlet says |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/iran-jewish-community-in-isfahan-condemns-israeli-attack-state-run-outlet-says/ |website=Times Of Israel |access-date=June 18, 2025 |date=June 16, 2025}} A Jewish community representative in Isfahan publicly condemned Israel's strikes on Iran’s nuclear facilities, calling them acts of "brutality" that caused the deaths of "beloved compatriots, including innocent children."{{cite web |title=Iran Jewish community in Isfahan condemns Israeli attack, state-run outlet says |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/iran-jewish-community-in-isfahan-condemns-israeli-attack-state-run-outlet-says/ |website=Times Of Israel |access-date=June 18, 2025 |date=June 16, 2025}}

= Iranian diaspora =

;Support

Exiled opposition figures Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran, activist Masih Alinejad, Dutch-Iranian legal scholar Afshin Ellian, Dutch, Swedish, and Canadian politicians Ulysse Ellian, Alireza Akhondi and Goldie Ghamari and actress Nazanin Boniadi, expressed support for an overthrow of the Iranian government amidst the fighting with Israel, with some also supporting the Israeli strikes.{{Cite news |last=Lidor |first=Canaan |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iranian opposition calls to overthrow the mullahs |url=https://www.jns.org/iranian-opposition-calls-to-overthrow-the-mullahs/ |work=JNS}}{{Cite web |last=Alinejad |first=Masih |date=13 June 2025 |title=My Terrorists Face Judgment Day |url=https://www.thefp.com/p/iran-regime-protest-masih |website=The Free Press}} The People's Mojahedin of Iran (MKO) co-leader Maryam Rajavi called on the Iranian people to overthrow the government, while not openly supporting Israel. She also warned against negotiating with Khamenei.{{cite news |title=Exiled opposition leader says only Iranians can bring about regime change |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/exiled-opposition-leader-says-only-iranians-can-bring-about-regime-change/ |access-date=21 June 2025 |work=Times of Israel |date=18 June 2025}}

;Opposition

The US-based National Iranian American Council condemned Israel's attack, writing that it "lacked legal justification under international law" and "unnecessarily endangered the lives of many innocent people".{{cite news |date=12 June 2025 |title=Iranian-American advocacy group denounces Israel's deadly strikes against Iran |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3771107 |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}} The Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans (PAAIA) expressed deep distress and alarm over the Israeli military strikes, particularly those that impacted civilian infrastructure. Their statement affirmed, "We condemn any military aggression that endangers civilian lives and destabilizes an already volatile region".{{cite web |title=PAAIA’s statement on Israel’s June 12th strikes on Iran |url=https://paaia.org/CMS/paaia-statement-israeli-strike-iran-2025.aspx |website=PAAIA |access-date=June 18, 2025 |date=June 12, 2025}}

Others also criticized the strikes. Iran analyst Arash Azizi criticized Israel for striking on the eve of talks, stating that the strikes undercut diplomatic efforts.{{Cite web |last=Mojtahedi |first=Negar |date=13 June 2025 |title=Fear, jubilation, outrage: the world reacts to Israel's attacks on Iran |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202506134715 |website=Iran International |access-date=June 18, 2025}} Iranian-American policy write and activist, Trita Parsi said that Israel had "tried to sabotage any diplomacy" between the U.S. and Iran for two decades, stating they deliberately sought to derail negotiations and prevent any easing of tensions.{{cite web |last1=Inskeep |first1=Steve |last2=Adams |first2=Destinee |title=Why did Israel strike Iran? An Israeli politician and a U.S.-Iran expert weigh in |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/06/13/nx-s1-5432480/israel-iran-war-trump#:~:text=,the%20United%20States%20and%20Iran |website=NPR |access-date=June 18, 2025 |date=June 13, 2025}}

Columbia University professor Hamid Dabashi argued that the strikes were partly intended to shift global focus away from the "genocide in Palestine."{{cite web |last1=Eid |first1=Rabeea |title=Hamid Dabashi: Israel's war on Iran will change the shape of the region in a way that is contrary to what the Zionists planned |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/conversation-hamid-dabashi-israels-war-iran#:~:text=HD%3A%20The%20primary%20objective%20of,in%20the%20rest%20of%20Palestine |website=The New Arab |access-date=June 21, 2025 |date=June 19, 2025}}

Israel

In a televised 13 June address, Netanyahu said, "We are at a decisive moment in Israel's history" and "we are defending the free world from the terrorism and barbarism that Iran fosters and exports across the globe."{{cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Netanyahu thanks Trump for support; tells Iranians 'your liberation from tyranny is closer than ever' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/netanyahu-thanks-trump-for-support-tells-iranians-your-liberation-from-tyranny-is-closer-than-ever/ |work=The Times of Israel}} He thanked Trump for his support and said the attack was an immediate operational necessity to roll back the threat of uranium enrichment.{{cite news |date=12 June 2025 |title=Israel launched strikes on Iran to 'roll back uranium threat,' Netanyahu says |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/now/video/israel-launched-strikes-on-iran-to-roll-back-uranium-threat-netanyahu-says-241496645844 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=NBC News}}{{cite news |last1=Horovitz |first1=David |date=13 June 2025 |title='An immediate operational necessity': Why Israel finally attacked Iran's nuclear facilities |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/an-immediate-operational-necessity-why-israel-finally-attacked-irans-nuclear-facilities/ |access-date=16 June 2025 |work=The Times of Israel}}{{Cite news |date=12 June 2025 |title=Live updates: Israel strikes Iran as fears of another war mount |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/world/iran/live-blog/israel-strikes-iran-middle-east-conflict-live-updates-rcna212727 |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=NBC News}} He said the attacks would continue for "as long as is needed to complete the task of fending off the threat of annihilation against us."{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel attacks Iran, strikes to continue 'for as many days as it takes' |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2025/06/13/israel-attacks-iran-strikes-to-continue-for-as-many-days-as-it-takes/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=1News}}{{Cite news |last=Bodkin |first=Henry |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran could have built '15 nuclear bombs within days', says Israel after strike |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/06/13/israel-attack-nuclear-iran-air-strikes/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} and that Israel's war was against the Iranian form of government and not against the Iranian people. Netanyahu convened the security cabinet as the situation unfolded.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=IDF strikes Iran nuclear targets, military commanders |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-857575 |access-date=12 June 2025 |website=The Jerusalem Post}} Israeli government officials said Iran already possessed enough enriched uranium for 15 nuclear bombs.

IDF Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir stated in a televised address that the Israeli Army is "mobilizing tens of thousands of soldiers and preparing across all borders," as he warned that "anyone who tries to challenge us will pay a heavy price" and that "it was at point of no return".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israeli military chief says army 'mobilising tens of thousands' of soldiers |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771145 |work=Al Jazeera English}}

Israel's Defense Minister Israel Katz said Iran has crossed red lines by targeting civilians, and added that they will pay very heavy prices for that.{{Cite news |last=Zitun |first=Yoav |date=13 June 2025 |title=Katz: Iran 'crossed red lines' by targeting civilians, will pay 'very heavy price' |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/bk6z00x57gg |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Ynetnews |language=en}}{{Cite web |last1=Liebermann |first1=Oren |last2=Diamond |first2=Jeremy |last3=Regan |first3=Helen |last4=Gan |first4=Nectar |last5=Lau |first5=Chris |last6=Izso |first6=Lauren |last7=Michaelis |first7=Tamar |last8=Blackburn |first8=Piper Hudspeth |last9=Mogul |first9=Rhea |last10=Yeung |first10=Jessie |last11=Ebrahim |first11=Nadeen |last12=Salem |first12=Mostafa |last13=Sangal |first13=Aditi |last14=Powell |first14=Tori B. |date=13 June 2025 |title=Live updates: Israel attacks Iran, explosions in Tel Aviv and Tehran, US position |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-strikes-news-06-12-25-hnk-intl |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}} Katz warned that "Tehran will burn" if Iran continues to fire missiles at Israel.{{cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Katz says Tehran will burn if Israeli civilians harmed; IDF reportedly strikes Iranian oil refineries |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/ov4tuqnhr |work=Ynet}} Tel Aviv canceled its annual Pride Parade, which typically attracts tens of thousands of participants.{{Cite web |title=Live updates: Israel strikes Iran's nuclear sites, killing top military leaders and scientists |url=https://apnews.com/live/israel-iran-attack |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}

Opposition Yesh Atid leader Yair Lapid offered his "full support" for the operations against Iran.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel attacks Iran's nuclear and missile sites and kills top military officials |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/israel-preemptive-strike-on-iran-june-13-2025/article69689723.ece |access-date= |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}

Of Jewish Israelis, 83% supported Israeli strikes on Iran, compared to only 12% among Arab Israelis.{{cite news |last1=Peled |first1=Anat |title=Jewish Israelis Support Iran Offensive, Most Arab Israelis Oppose It, Survey Shows |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-iran-attack-news/card/jewish-israelis-support-iran-offensive-most-arab-israelis-oppose-it-survey-shows-5laD7tYA6JZnroZnPYyM |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=17 June 2025}}

Israel-based human rights group B'Tselem stated that 50 percent of Palestinians in Israel do not have access to public shelters to seek safety amid Iranian missile attacks.{{Cite web |date=19 June 2025 |title=‘Lives of Palestinians are being completely abandoned’ |url=https://aje.io/ac1txh?update=3786981 |website=Al Jazeera}}

In his address, Netanyahu stated Israel’s conflict was with Iran’s government, not its people. Some Iranians, including diaspora voices, echoed this sentiment, calling for strikes on domestic targets. Israeli officials claimed most engagement came from within Iran, calling the response "unprecedented."{{Cite news |last=Eichner |first=Itamar |date=15 June 2025 |title=Millions of Iranians bypass internet censorship to follow Israel on social media |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/business/article/bjfpds3xlg |access-date=16 June 2025 |work=Ynetnews |language=en}}

On 18 June Brigadier General Kobi Mandelblit, announced new rules on what Israeli media organisations and journalists within the country can and cannot publish about the effect of Iranian strikes, effectively restricting media coverage about the strikes.{{Cite web |date=19 June 2025 |title=How does Israel’s censor restrict its media from reporting on the Iran conflict? |url=https://aje.io/ac1txh?update=3787129 |website=Al Jazeera}}

Hostage families who protest against the government, fear their loved ones will be forgotten during the ongoing war.{{cite web |last1=Freidson |first1=Yael |title=Hostage families fear being forgotten as Iran war takes over Israel's agenda |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-06-17/ty-article/.premium/hostage-families-fear-being-forgotten-as-iran-war-takes-over-israels-agenda/00000197-7f28-db44-a7f7-ff7d2aec0000 |website=Haaretz.com |access-date=23 June 2025 |language=en}}

Supranational organizations

G7 leaders issued a statement at the 2025 G7 summit in Canada that read: "We affirm that Israel has a right to defend itself. We reiterate our support for the security of Israel. Iran is the principal source of regional instability and terror."{{cite news |title=G7 expresses support for Israel, calls Iran source of instability |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/g7-expresses-support-israel-calls-iran-source-instability-2025-06-17/ |work=Reuters |date=17 June 2025}}

{{flag|NATO}} called it crucial for Israel's allies to help de-escalate tensions.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=How the world is reacting to Israel's attacks on Iran |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/13/how-the-world-is-reacting-to-israel-attacks-on-iran-nuclear-military-sites |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}}

{{flag|UN}} Secretary-General António Guterres urged both sides to show maximum restraint.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=World reacts to Israeli strike on Iran over nuclear activity |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/world-reacts-israeli-strike-iran-over-nuclear-programme-2025-06-13/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}} His spokesperson Farhan Haq stated that "the Secretary-General condemns any military escalation in the Middle East".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=UN chief condemns 'military escalation' |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771284 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}}

:IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi commented that "nuclear facilities must never be attacked, regardless of the context or circumstances, as it could harm both people and the environment. Such attacks have serious implications for nuclear safety, security and safeguards, as well as regional and international peace and security."{{Cite press release |title=Israel-Iran crisis: UN chief urges calm after overnight strikes |date=13 June 2025 |publisher=United Nations |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/06/1164351 |language=en |access-date=15 June 2025}}

Others

= UN member and observer states =

{{Flag|Afghanistan}}: The Taliban condemned the attack on Iran while expressing concern about Israel's ongoing campaign in Gaza.{{cite news | url=https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/1311297/%DA%86%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%88-%DA%86%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF | title=چه کشورهایی تجاوز اسرائیل به خاک ایران را محکوم و چه کشورهایی حمایت کردند؟ | work=TABNAK | language=fa | date=13 June 2025 }}
{{Flag|Albania}}: Prime Minister Edi Rama announced his support for airstrikes "to prevent the theocratic regime in Tehran from ever possessing nuclear weapons."{{cite news|url=https://www.gazetaexpress.com/en/rama-shqiperia-mbeshtet-trumpin-per-te-parandaluar-qe-regjimi-teokratik-ne-teheran-te-zoteroje-arme-berthamore/|title= Rama: Albania supports Trump to prevent the theocratic regime in Tehran from possessing nuclear weapons |date=22 June 2025|access-date=13 June 2025|work=Gazeta Express}}
{{Flag|Algeria}}: The Foreign Ministry denounced the attacks on Iran and urged the international community, especially the UN Security Council, to take full responsibility for defending global peace and security and ending Israeli policies that jeopardize regional security and stability.{{Cite tweet |number=1933525728433156149 |user=Algeria_MFA |title=#بيان وزارة الشؤون الخارجية 🇩🇿 |date=13 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Argentina}}: President Javier Milei backed Israel's military actions against Iran, saying that "Israel accepts that other countries exist, but Iran doesn't accept that Israel exist."{{cite news |last1=Ruiz |first1=Iván |title=Javier Milei criticó a Irán y defendió a Israel, en pleno conflicto bélico en Medio Oriente |trans-title=Javier Milei criticized Iran and defended Israel in the midst of a military conflict in the Middle East|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/javier-milei-critico-a-iran-y-defendio-a-israel-en-pleno-conflicto-belico-en-medio-oriente-nid13062025/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=La Nación |date=13 June 2025 |language=es}} Milei condemned the Iranian counter-attack on Israel, expressing support for Israel's previous military actions and saying that "[We] are fighting against evil."{{cite news|title=Javier Milei cuestionó el contraataque de Irán a Israel: "Estamos peleando contra el mal" |trans-title=Javier Milei questioned the counterattack of Iran to Israel: "We are fighting against evil"|url=https://radiomitre.cienradios.com/politica/javier-milei-cuestiono-el-contraataque-de-iran-a-israel-estamos-peleando-contra-el-mal/ |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Radio Mitre |date=13 June 2025 |language=es}} On 20 June 2025, Milei further commented to the war, saying that "Iran is an enemy of Argentina", accusing the country of the AMIA bombing and the 1992 Buenos Aires Israeli embassy bombing. Milei also reaffirmed his support for "his beloved friend Netanyahu" and said that Israel "does the dirty job that others don't", further adding that Israel is "saving Western culture."{{cite news |title=Javier Milei afirma que Irán "es un enemigo de Argentina" |trans-title=Javier Milei affirms that Iran "is an enemy of Argentina"|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2025/06/20/javier-milei-afirma-que-iran-es-un-enemigo-de-argentina/ |access-date=20 June 2025 |work=Infobae |date=20 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{flag|Armenia}}: The Foreign Ministry condemned the "unilateral attack against Iran [that] endanger[s] the peaceful efforts as well as overall regional stability & global peace."{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Armenia condemns Israeli attack on Iran |url=https://armenpress.am/en/article/1222164 |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=Armenpress}}
{{Flag|Australia}}: Prime Minister Anthony Albanese stated that although he is aware of the "threat that Iran becoming a nuclear state would represent to peace and security in the region", he cautioned against greater escalation, where he called for US-led dialogue to discontinue further destabilization in the region.{{Cite news |last1=McIlroy|first1=Tom|last2=Dhanji|first2=Krishani |date=13 June 2025 |title= Albanese calls for dialogue and says escalation 'concerning' after Israel launches attacks on Iran|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jun/13/israel-striking-iran-risks-further-destabilising-a-region-that-is-already-volatile-australian-foreign-minister-says|access-date=13 June 2025 |work=The Guardian|language=en}} Foreign minister Penny Wong said that she was "alarmed" by the rising tensions between Israel and Iran, while also stating that "This risks further destabilising a region that is already volatile."{{Cite news |last1=Pal |first1=Alasdair |date=13 June 2025 |title=Australia 'alarmed' by escalation between Israel and Iran |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/australia-alarmed-by-escalation-between-israel-iran-2025-06-13/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}
{{Flag|Austria}}: Chancellor Christian Stocker urged Iran and Israel to be extremely cautious. Foreign Minister Beate Meinl-Reisinger urged all sides to exercise extreme caution and de-escalation, as well as a return to diplomacy.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran-Israel: This is what Stocker and Meinl-Reisinger say |url=https://www.vienna.at/iran-israel-this-is-what-stocker-and-meinl-reisinger-say/9476558 |work=Vienna.at |access-date=18 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}: The Foreign Ministry conveyed its profound concern over the attacks on Iran and urged all sides to settle their issues amicably and in conformity with international legal norms and principles.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=No:239/25, Statement on the Israeli-Iranian escalation |url=https://mfa.gov.az/index.php/en/news/no23925 |website=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Bahrain}}: Bahrain denounced the attacks on Iran and warned of the serious consequences for regional stability and security. It demanded restraint, de-escalation, and a lowering of tensions.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Bahrain condemns Israeli Attack on Iran |url=https://www.bna.bh/en/National/BahraincondemnsIsraeliAttackonIran.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDtWPNu6j8s2LqjP5OcUINt0%3D |work=Bahrain News Agency |access-date=18 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Bangladesh}}: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has strongly condemned Israel's military attack on Iran, calling it a violation of international law and a threat to global peace. The country urged all sides to show restraint and stressed that "diplomacy and mutual respect remain the only viable path to lasting peace."{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Bangladesh concerned over Israeli attack on Iran |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/diplomacy/news/bangladesh-concerned-over-israeli-attack-iran-3916191 |url-status= |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=The Daily Star}}
{{Flag|Belarus}}: Belarus expressed serious alarm over the attacks. It claimed that using force in the war might have unpredicted worldwide repercussions, endanger regional stability and security, and spark a humanitarian crisis.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Belarus Expresses Deep Concern Over Escalation Between Iran and Israel |url=https://news.by/eng/news/v_mire/belarus-expresses-deep-concern-over-escalation-between-iran-and-israel |work=News.by |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Belgium}}: Foreign Minister Maxime Prévot expressed his concern about any action that contributes to additional instability in the region and said that the Israeli assault on Iran and the Iranian response represent a hazardous turning point.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title="The Israeli strikes on Iran and the Iranian response mark a dangerous turning point ", says Belgian Foreign Minister |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2025/06/13/the-israeli-strikes-on-iran-and-the-iranian-response-mark-a-dan/ |work=VRT |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Bolivia}}: President Luis Arce denounced the attacks and cautioned about the unpredictable repercussions of these incidents. Arce wished for a speedy return to peace and conveyed his "deep solidarity with the brotherly people and the Government of Iran (...)".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Bolivia condena ataque de Israel contra Irán |url=https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2025/06/13/bolivia-condena-ataque-de-israel-contra-iran/ |work=Prensa Latina |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}: Foreign Minister Elmedin Konaković denounced the attacks.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=FM: BiH Institutions Neither Approved Nor Revoked Permits for European Rabbis Conference |url=https://sarajevotimes.com/fm-bih-institutions-neither-approved-nor-revoked-permits-for-european-rabbis-conference/ |work=Sarajevo Times |access-date=18 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Brazil}}: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement expressing its "firm condemnation" of the Israeli strikes, calling them a "clear violation" of Iranian sovereignty and of international law.{{cite news |title='Violação à soberania': Brasil condena ataques de Israel ao Irã e alerta para risco de escalada do conflito na região |url=https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2025/06/13/violacao-a-soberania-brasil-condena-ataques-de-israel-ao-ira-e-alerta-para-risco-de-escalada-do-conflito-na-regiao/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Brasil de Fato |date=13 June 2025 |language=pt-br}}
{{Flag|Brunei}}: The Foreign Ministry strongly criticized the attacks on Iran, calling them as a flagrant breach of Iran's sovereignty and territorial integrity. It reaffirmed Iran's right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter.{{Cite web |date=14 June 2025 |title=Brunei Darussalam's Statement on the Recent Developments in the Middle East |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bn/Lists/Press%20Room/news.aspx?id=1191&source=https://www.mfa.gov.bn/site/home.aspx |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brunei) |access-date=18 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Bulgaria}}: The Foreign Ministry declared that it was closely monitoring the situation with great concern. It urged everyone to be extremely restrained and to defuse the situation right away.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Sofia Calls for De-escalation in Middle East |url=https://www.bta.bg/en/news/world/910145-sofia-calls-for-de-escalation-in-middle-east |work=Bulgarian News Agency |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Canada}}: Prime Minister Mark Carney called for "maximum restraint" while reaffirming "Israel's right to defend itself and ensure its security."{{Cite news|last1=McCready |first1=Alastair |last2=Kestler-D'Amours |first2=Jillian |date=13 June 2025 |title=Tehran strikes back at Israel after wave of attacks across Iran |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3773533 |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera|language=en}}
{{Flag|Chad}}: The country was one of the signatories among 21 Arab and Muslim nations of an Egyptian-led statement condemning the Israeli attacks on Iran.{{Cite news |date=17 June 2025 |title=21 Arab, Muslim nations condemn Israeli strikes on Iran, urge de-escalation |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/21-arab-muslim-nations-condemn-israeli-strikes-on-iran-urge-de-escalation/3601100 |access-date=19 June 2025 |work=Anadolu Agency}}
{{Flag|Chile}}: The Foreign Ministry stated that the Chilean government is deeply concerned about the recent escalation of violence between Israel and Iran, which resulted from the former's preemptive strike against Iranian military installations, a crisis that jeopardizes regional and international peace and stability.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Gobierno chileno condena ataque de Israel a Irán y recuerda: "Bajo ninguna circunstancia las instalaciones nucleares deben ser objeto de ataques" |url=https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/gobierno-chileno-condena-ataque-de-israel-a-iran-y-recuerda-bajo-ninguna-circunstancia-las-instalaciones-nucleares-deben-ser-objeto-de-ataques_20250613/ |work=CNN Chile |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{Flag|China}}: Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lin Jian called for "ways conducive to regional peace and stability." China's ambassador to the UN, Fu Cong, condemned the strikes.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=China's UN envoy condemns Israeli strikes on Iran - state media |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-un-envoy-condemns-israeli-strikes-iran-state-media-2025-06-14/ |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Reuters}} China's embassy in Iran described the situation as "severe and complex," advising its citizens to stay alert and avoid sensitive or crowded locations as did its embassy in Tel Aviv.{{cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=China cautions citizens in Iran, warns those in Israel of potential attacks |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-cautions-citizens-iran-warns-those-israel-potential-attacks-2025-06-13/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Reuters}}
{{Flag|Colombia}}: The Foreign Ministry stated that the Colombian government has called for moderation, respect for diplomatic channels, and the use of multilateral institutions to assist prevent the conflict from escalating and to allow progress toward a peaceful and long-term solution in the region.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Preocupación en Colombia por repercusiones de ataque de Israel a Irán |url=https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2025/06/13/preocupacion-en-colombia-por-repercusiones-de-ataque-de-israel-a-iran/ |work=Prensa Latina |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{Flag|Comoros}}: The country was one of the signatories among 21 Arab and Muslim nations of an Egyptian-led statement condemning the Israeli attacks on Iran.
{{Flag|Croatia}}: The Foreign Ministry issued a statement expressing significant worry over the Middle East's escalating security situation.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Balkan Countries Express Alarm Following Israel's Attack on Iran |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2025/06/13/balkan-countries-express-alarm-following-israels-attack-on-iran/ |work=Balkan Insight |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Cuba}}: President and Communist Party First Secretary Miguel Díaz-Canel vehemently denounced the attacks, demanded a halt to the violence, and urged adherence to international law.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Díaz-Canel Condemns Israeli Attacks Against Iran |url=https://cubasi.cu/en/news/diaz-canel-condemns-israeli-attacks-against-iran |work=Cubasi.cu |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Cyprus}}: President Nikos Christodoulides stated that Cyprus "is not involved in any way, and its role, as always, is stabilizing and humanitarian." He hoped that no additional escalation in the region would occur because it "does not help in any situation whatsoever".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=President stresses security, distances Cyprus from Israel-Iran conflict |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/06/13/cyprus-national-security-council-convened-estia-plan-activated |work=Cyprus Mail |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Czech Republic}}: Foreign Minister Jan Lipavský called the strikes a "reasonable reaction" to Iran's threat of a nuclear bomb and support for Hamas and Hezbollah. He said he has "a great deal of understanding for{{nbsp}}... military action aimed at preventing the production of a nuclear bomb," adding that "Iran has long failed to fulfill its obligations to the international community, is building up its nuclear program and, at the same time, uses rhetoric aimed at destroying the state of Israel".{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Czech Republic: Israeli strikes on Iran a 'reasonable reaction' to Tehran's nuclear program, terror support |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/czech-republic-israeli-strikes-on-iran-a-reasonable-reaction-to-tehrans-nuclear-program-terror-support/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |agency=Agence France-Presse}}
{{Flag|Djibouti}}: The country was one of the signatories among 21 Arab and Muslim nations of an Egyptian-led statement condemning the Israeli attacks on Iran.
{{Flag|Egypt}}: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs declared that Egypt is closely monitoring the current situation. It condemned the strikes on Iran, claiming they would worsen the situation and spark a wider regional conflict with unheard-of repercussions for stability and security in the area.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Egypt condemns Israeli attack on Iran as dangerous escalation |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/1234/547872/Egypt/Foreign-Affairs/Egypt-condemns-Israeli-attack-on-Iran-as-dangerous.aspx |work=Ahram Online |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Finland}}: Foreign Minister Elina Valtonen expressed grave concern over the situation, saying the cycle of military escalation must be stopped.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Finland for immediate ending of military escalation in Middle East |url=https://www.dailyfinland.fi/national/43702/Finland-for-immediate-ending-of-military-escalation-in-Middle-East |work=Daily Finland |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|France}}: President Emmanuel Macron called for "maximum restraint" while reaffirming "Israel's right to defend itself and ensure its security"{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Macron says Israel has the 'right to defend itself' |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/06/13/macron-says-israel-after-its-strikes-on-iran-has-the-right-to-defend-itself_6742315_4.html |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Le Monde |language=en}} and stating that Iran's nuclear programme was close to a "critical stage".{{cite web|title=France's Macron: Iran nuclear programme was close to a critical stage|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-macron-iran-nuclear-programme-was-close-critical-stage-2025-06-13/|date=13 June 2025|access-date=18 June 2025|website=Reuters}} Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau has directed local authorities to increase vigilance across the country, particularly at places of worship, festive gatherings, and sites linked to Israeli and American interests.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=France increases vigilance on its territory after Israel and Iran exchange deadly strikes |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20250614-france-increases-vigilance-on-its-territory-after-israel-and-iran-exchange-deadly-strikes |access-date=17 June 2025 |work=Radio France Internationale |agency=Agence France-Presse}}
{{Flag|The Gambia}}: The country was one of the signatories among 21 Arab and Muslim nations of an Egyptian-led statement condemning the Israeli attacks on Iran.
{{Flag|Georgia}}: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed grave worry about the rising threat to regional and international security posed by the developing tensions between Iran and Israel. It made clear how crucial diplomatic efforts are to achieving de-escalation and maintaining stability.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Georgia expresses concern over escalating developments in Middle East |url=https://frontnews.ge/en/news/georgia-expresses-concern-over-escalating-developments-in-middle-east |work=frontnews.ge |access-date=15 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Germany}}: Chancellor Friedrich Merz praised Israel's "courage" in doing the "dirty work for all of us" and spoke positively of Israeli motivations saying that "I can only say I have the greatest respect for the fact that the Israeli army and the Israeli government had the courage to do this", while claiming Israel lacked the weaponry needed to finish the job. He added that if negotiations failed the total destruction of Iran's nuclear program "would have to be on the agenda." He furter criticized the Iranian government having had allegedly "brought death and destruction to the world."{{Cite web |date=17 June 2025 |title=Germany's Merz says Israel is doing the 'dirty work for all of us' by countering Iran |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/germanys-merz-says-israel-is-doing-the-dirty-work-for-all-of-us-by-countering-iran/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=17 June 2025 |title=German Chancellor Merz praises Israel for 'necessary' strikes on Iran |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-858086 |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}} In more conciliatory tones he urged both Israel and Iran to "refrain from steps that could lead to a further escalation and destabilize the whole region." In further comments he confirmed that Netanyahu had informed him of the operation in a telephone call and that Germany is prepared to use "all available diplomatic means" to help de-escalate the conflict, while "the aim must remain that Iran not develop any nuclear weapons" and reaffirmed Israel's "right to protect its existence and the security of its citizens." He noted that German security services will step up protection for Jewish and Israeli sites domestically.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Germany's Merz says Netanyahu informed him of attack on Iran |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/germanys-merz-says-netanyahu-informed-him-attack-iran-2025-06-13/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=German Chancellor: "The goal must remain that Iran cannot develop nuclear weapons" |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/lndy34vio |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Ynetnews |language=en}}
{{Flag|Ghana}}: The Foreign Ministry urged both parties to display maximum patience, prioritize communication, and embrace diplomatic channels to de-escalate the situation.{{Cite news |last=Yire |first=Iddi |date=16 June 2025 |title=Ghana urges Israel and Iran to de-escalate |url=https://gna.org.gh/2025/06/ghana-urges-israel-and-iran-to-de-escalate/ |work=Ghana News Agency |access-date=19 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Greece}}: Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis emphasized how urgently the area needs to de-escalate. He stressed that diplomacy is the only realistic way to move forward while accepting that Iran must not get a nuclear capability. He also cautioned against creating new fronts in the Middle East conflict.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Greek, Israeli leaders discuss de-escalation, Gaza aid, Iran in phone call |url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/politics/foreign-policy/1272386/greek-israeli-leaders-discuss-de-escalation-gaza-aid-iran-in-phone-call/ |work=eKathimerini.com |access-date=15 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Guatemala}}: The Guatemalan government released a statement expressing serious concern about the attacks. It underlined that this circumstance only serves to intensify a conflict that has the potential to go beyond the area and take on global proportions.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Guatemala insta a Irán e Israel a detener el conflicto bélico |url=https://agn.gt/guatemala-insta-a-iran-e-israel-a-detener-el-conflicto-belico/ |work=Agencia Guatemalteca de Noticias |access-date=15 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{Flag|Guyana}}: UN Permanent Representative Carolyn Rodrigues condemned Israel's attacks on Iran as "against the United Nations Charter" and strongly urged both Israel and Iran to refrain from escalating the conflict.{{cite news |title=Guyana calls on Israel, Iran to comply with obligations under international law |url=https://guyanachronicle.com/2025/06/17/guyana-calls-on-israel-iran-to-comply-with-obligations-under-international-law/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |work=Guyana Chronicle |date=17 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Holy See}}: Pope Leo XIV urged the two countries to engage in discussion and to act with "reason." He further noted that he was monitoring the situation with "great concern."{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Pope Leo appeals for 'reason' amid Israel-Iran airstrikes, calls for dialogue |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pope-leo-appeals-reason-amid-israel-iran-airstrikes-calls-dialogue-2025-06-14/ |work=Reuters |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Hungary}}: Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó informed his Israeli counterpart Gideon Sa'ar that Hungary has a vested interest in restoring peace to the Middle East. He also expressed his wish that the people of the region will return to normal lives as quickly as possible, free from the daily terror and rocket strikes.{{Cite news |date=17 June 2025 |title=Foreign Minister holds phone consultations with Israeli counterpart |url=https://www.budapesttimes.hu/diplomacy/foreign-minister-holds-phone-consultations-with-israeli-counterpart/ |work=The Budapest Times |access-date=18 June 2025}}
{{Flag|India}}: Ministry of External Affairs spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said India was "closely monitoring the evolving situation, including reports related to attacks on nuclear sites."
{{Flag|Indonesia}}: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs strongly condemned Israel's large-scale strike on Tehran, warning that the attack could heighten regional tensions.{{Cite news |title=Indonesia Condemns Israel's Attack on Iran, Warns of Broader Conflict |date=13 June 2025 |work=Jakarta Globe |url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/indonesia-condemns-israels-attack-on-iran-warns-of-broader-conflict |access-date=13 June 2025}} Spokesman Rolliansyah Soemirat stated that all countries are obligated to resolve disputes peacefully and in line with international law.{{Cite news |last=Iyabu |first=Ahmad Fauzi |title=Israel Attacks Iran, Indonesia Reminds Obligation To Settle Differences Peacefully |work=VOI |date=13 June 2025 |url=https://voi.id/en/news/488405 |access-date=13 June 2025}} President Prabowo Subianto remarked during the 2025 St. Petersburg International Economic Forum that he is fearful that the conflict may worsen. He hopes that all sides can maintain moderation.{{Cite news |date=21 June 2025 |title=Serba-serbi Pidato Prabowo di SPIEF 2025 Rusia |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/serba-serbi-pidato-prabowo-di-spief-2025-rusia-25J7sAy7bLC/2 |work=Kumparan News |access-date=21 June 2025 |lang=id}}
{{Flag|Iraq}}: The Iraqi government lamented the failure of diplomatic efforts amid the US–Iran negotiations and denounced Israel's use of force against Iran as a "flagrant violation of international law and the United Nations Charter", and called on the UNSC to convene immediately.{{cite news|url=https://ina.iq/en/politics/40442-alawadi-iraq-condemns-zionist-aggression-on-iran-calls-for-immediate-un-security-council-session.html|title=Alawadi: Iraq Condemns Zionist Aggression on Iran, Calls for Immediate UN Security Council Session|work=Iraqi News Agency|date=14 June 2025}} Additionally, Iraq urged the United States to stop Israel from violating Iraqi airspace while attacking Iran, citing bilateral defense agreements between the two countries.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Iraq urges US to prevent Israeli aircraft from using Iraqi airspace to strike Iran |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraq-urges-us-prevent-israeli-aircraft-using-iraqi-airspace-strike-iran-2025-06-14/ |access-date=15 June 2025 |work=Reuters |language=en}} Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani spoke with Iranian President Pezeshkian and expressed the country's solidarity with Iran "both people and government" and stated that Iraq is committed to peace.{{Cite web|url=https://aje.io/9yu24p?update=3776897|title=Israel-Iran updates: IRGC intelligence chief, two generals killed|date=15 June 2025|work=Al Jazeera English}}
{{Flag|Ireland}}: Tánaiste Simon Harris called the attacks as "extraordinarily dangerous" and could not have been more terrible. In a televised speech, he also urged all parties to "step back from the brink" and stated that there must be an immediate "de-escalation" in the area.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Irish citizens advised not to travel to Israel and Iran |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/middle-east/2025/0613/1518318-harris-iran-israel/ |work=Raidió Teilifís Éireann |access-date=14 June 2025}}

{{Flag|Italy}}: Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani said during meetings with his Iranian counterpart Abbas Araghchi that he wants Iran to avoid a military escalation in the confrontation with Israel, which would be exceedingly harmful for the entire area.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Italy calls on Iran, Israel to 'return to negotiation' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/italy-calls-on-iran-israel-to-return-to-negotiation/ |work=The Times of Israel |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Japan}}: Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi said that the government would "continue all-out diplomatic efforts to prevent the situation from worsening further," and would "take every possible measure" to protect Japanese expatriates.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Japan Govt Vows to Protect Nationals after Israel's Iran Attack |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2025061300444/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=nippon.com |language=en}} Foreign minister Takeshi Iwaya issed a statement strongly condmening Israel's attacks on Iran, calling them "completely unacceptable and deeply regrettable".{{Cite news |date=20 June 2025 |title=Japan distances itself from G7 statement on Israel-Iran conflict |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Middle-East-crisis/Japan-distances-itself-from-G7-statement-on-Israel-Iran-conflict |work=Nikkei Asia |access-date=24 June 2025}}{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Situation surrounding Israel’s attack against Iran (Statement by Foreign Minister IWAYA Takeshi) |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/statement/pressite_000001_01371.html |work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |access-date=24 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Jordan}}: Jordan denounced the strikes as a flagrant breach of international law and the UN Charter, as well as a violation of a United Nations member state's sovereignty. Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Sufian Qudah cautioned that the incident jeopardizes regional security and stability and heightens regional tensions.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Jordan condemns Israeli attack on Iran, urges int'l action to end tension |url=https://jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-condemns-israeli-attack-on-iran-urges-intl-action-to-end-tension |work=The Jordan Times |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Kazakhstan}}: The Foreign Ministry released a statement voicing grave concern about the attacks and urged that the issue be resolved quickly and solely through diplomatic and political channels in conformity with international law and the UN Charter.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Kazakh Foreign Ministry makes a statement |url=https://qazinform.com/news/kazakh-foreign-ministry-makes-a-statement-a8f658 |work=Kazinform |access-date=19 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Kenya}}: Foreign Affairs Principal Secretary Korir Sing'oei called on Iran and Israel to use moderation and look for a peaceful solution to the current problem that led to the current escalation in accordance with the UN Charter.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=PS Sing'oei Speaks on Israel-Iran Conflict, Calls for Unified UN Security Council |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/113089-ps-singoei-speaks-israel-iran-conflict-calls-unified-un-security-council |work=Kenyans.co.ke |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Kuwait}}: Kuwait denounced the attacks, calling them a threat to regional security, a flagrant violation of Iranian sovereignty, and a breach of all international rules.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Kuwait strongly condemns Israeli occupation's attack on Iran |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=3235728&language=en |work=Kuwait News Agency |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}: The Foreign Ministry expressed deep concern over the escalation of tensions between Israel and Iran. It urged both parties to use their utmost caution and to abstain from any acts that would worsen the situation in the area in order to find a peaceful solution to the current one.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel's strikes on Iran: Kyrgyzstan calls on to exercise maximum restraint |url=https://24.kg/english/332652_Israels_strikes_on_Iran_Kyrgyzstan_calls_on_to_exercise_maximum_restraint/ |work=24.kg |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Latvia}}: During a meeting, Foreign Minister Baiba Braže noted that Latvia supports the EU's sanctions against Iran to reduce Iran's support for Russia, nuclear program, and hostile regional policies. Additionally, it urged Israel to stop any more escalation that would have unanticipated wider repercussions.{{Cite web |date=18 June 2025 |title=Baiba Braže: Latvia calls for close coordination with the Middle Eastern countries, the U.S. and the UK on the EU’s future policy in its relations with Israel and Iran |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/article/baiba-braze-latvia-calls-close-coordination-middle-eastern-countries-us-and-uk-eus-future-policy-its-relations-israel-and-iran |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Latvia) |access-date=19 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Lebanon}}: President Joseph Aoun issued a statement that read the attacks "targeted not only the Iranian people, but also all international efforts to maintain stability in the Middle East and neighboring countries" and "undermine ongoing mediation initiatives that had made significant progress toward achieving realistic and just solutions to avert the threat of war in the region." He also called for "swift and effective action to prevent Israel from advancing its objectives, which he described as increasingly transparent and highly dangerous if allowed to persist."{{cite news |url=https://nna-leb.gov.lb/en/politics/787314/president-aoun-condemns-israeli-strikes-on-iran-wa |title=President Aoun condemns Israeli strikes on Iran, warns of regional escalation |work=National News Agency |date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Libya}}: The Government of National Unity strongly criticized the strikes, calling them a "blatant violation" of Iranian sovereignty. It emphasized its complete support for diplomatic activities aimed at de-escalating tensions and stressed that such acts undercut ongoing efforts to maintain stability in the region.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=GNU condemns Israeli airstrikes on Iran |url=https://libyaobserver.ly/inbrief/gnu-condemns-israeli-airstrikes-iran |work=The Libya Observer |access-date=15 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Lithuania}}: President Gitanas Nausėda urged both sides to show "restraint" and take immediate measures to "stabilize the situation", while adding that Iran must not be allowed to develop nuclear weapons and that Iran's cooperation with the international community was insufficient.{{cite web|title=Į Izraelio ir Irano konfliktą sureagavo prezidentūra|url=https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/politics/i-izraelio-ir-irano-konflikta-sureagavo-prezidentura-120118106|date=13 June 2025|access-date=18 June 2025|website=Delfi|trans-title=The presidency responded to the Israel-Iran conflict|language=lt}} The Ministry of Foreign Affairs provided a similar statement.
{{Flag|Luxembourg}}: Foreign Minister Xavier Bettel criticized the timing of the airstrikes, saying they came at a time "when the USA and Iran are negotiating over the latter's nuclear program," and emphasized that disagreements should be settled diplomatically.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Bettel fears 'serious conflict' between Israel and Iran |url=https://www.luxtimes.lu/luxembourg/bettel-fears-serious-conflict-between-israel-and-iran/71688656.html |work=Luxembourg Times |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Malaysia}}: Malaysia denounced the attacks, stating that they were a major threat to global peace and security and a blatant breach of international law, particularly the UN Charter. It further stated that every effort must be done to stop the situation from getting worse because doing so could destabilize the area and have far-reaching effects on the entire world.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Malaysia Strongly Condemns Israel's Attacks on the Islamic Republic of Iran |url=https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/-/malaysia-strongly-condemns-israel-s-attacks-on-the-islamic-republic-of-iran |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia) |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Maldives}}: President Mohamed Muizzu condemned the strikes and stressed that such aggression violates international law.{{Cite web|url=https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/33952|title=President Dr Muizzu condemns Israeli aggression against Iran|date=13 June 2025|access-date=14 June 2025|website=The President's Office}}
{{Flag|Mauritania}}: Mauritania strongly condemned and denounced the attacks, considering them a violation of Iranian sovereignty and an attack towards the Charter of the United Nations. Mauritania also called on the international community to exert pressure to stop these attacks and to work to contain the escalation, stressing that the crises facing the region can only be resolved by political and peaceful solutions.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=La Mauritanie condamne fermement les attaques israéliennes contre l'Iran |trans-title=Mauritania strongly condemns Israeli attacks on Iran |url=https://ami.mr/fr/archives/273120 |work=Mauritanian News Agency |lang=fr-MR |access-date=17 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Mexico}}: The Secretariat of Foreign Affairs voiced a strong condemnation of the strikes, stating that they pose a major threat to the civilian population and regional stability. It also highlighted Mexico's peaceful vocation and underlined that its foreign policy is grounded in its constitutional foundations.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=México condena ataques de Israel contra Irán y activa asistencia consular para connacionales en Medio Oriente |url=https://vanguardia.com.mx/noticias/internacional/mexico-condena-ataques-de-israel-contra-iran-y-activa-asistencia-consular-para-connacionales-en-medio-oriente-EC16273403 |work=Vanguardia MX |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{Flag|Moldova}}: The Foreign Ministry emphasized that Moldova is concerned about the attacks. It further stated that Moldova agreed with the international community's demands for an urgent reduction in tensions.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Moldovan Foreign Affairs Ministry says Moldova watches with concern escalation of tensions in Middle East |url=https://www.moldpres.md/eng/politics/moldovan-foreign-affairs-ministry-says-moldova-watches-with-concern-escalation-of-tensions-in-middle-east |work=Moldpres |access-date=19 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Namibia}}: President Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah accused Israel of breaking international law following the attacks. She also urged moderation and diplomacy while restating Namibia's adherence to international law, peaceful cohabitation, and sovereignty.{{Cite news |date=16 June 2025 |title=Namibia accuses Israel of undermining international law |url=https://www.observer24.com.na/namibia-accuses-israel-of-undermining-international-law/ |work=Windhoek Observer |access-date=18 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Nepal}}: Nepal voiced serious concerns about the latest increase of confrontations. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs advised both Iran and Israel to avoid further escalation and instead engage in conversation through diplomatic channels to promote peace and regional stability.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Nepal urges restraint amid escalating Iran-Israel conflict |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2025/06/13/nepal-urges-restraint-amid-escalating-iran-israel-conflict |work=The Kathmandu Post |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Netherlands}}: The Dutch cabinet expressed concern for the attacks, with Prime Minister Dick Schoof calling it "alarming" and encouraging everyone involved to "maintain calm and refrain from further attacks and reprisals".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israeli strikes on Iranian sites are "alarming": Dutch cabinet |url=https://www.dutchnews.nl/2025/06/israeli-strikes-on-iranian-sites-are-alarming-dutch-cabinet/ |work=DutchNews.nl |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|New Zealand}}: Prime Minister Christopher Luxon said the strikes were "a huge concern", while Foreign Minister Winston Peters called for de-escalation.
{{Flag|Nicaragua}}: Co-president Rosario Murillo condemned the attacks as unfortunate events. She stressed that "it is a cowardly attack" and that "it violates all laws and norms of coexistence as well as international treaties".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Nicaragua condena la agresión israelí contra Irán y exige Paz para la humanidad |url=https://www.el19digital.com/articulos/ver/165214-nicaragua-condena-la-agresion-israeli-contra-iran-y-exige-paz-para-la-humanidad |work=El 19 |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{Flag|Nigeria}}: Nigeria denounced the attacks, stating that they have severely increased Middle East tensions and pose a threat to international peace and stability. Foreign Ministry spokesperson Kimiebi Ebienfa conveyed Nigeria's profound worry and asked all sides to use extreme caution for the sake of regional and international peace.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Nigeria Calls for Restraint as Iran-Israel Conflict Escalates |url=https://prnigeria.com/2025/06/14/nigeria-calls-restraint-iran/ |work=PRNigeria News |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{flag|North Korea}}: Issued a statement under the title "The aggressive forces who brought a new war to the Middle East will never evade the responsibility for destroying global peace", a Foreign Ministry spokesperson condemned the attack as an "illegal act of state-sponsored terrorism". It also warns the United States and several European countries against "fanning up the flames of war".{{cite web |title=North Korea denounces Israel's attacks on Iran |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/north-korea-denounces-israels-attacks-iran |website=Middle East Eye |access-date=18 June 2025 |date=18 June 2025}}{{cite web |title=Spokesperson for DPRK Foreign Ministry Issues Press Statement |url=http://kcna.kp/en/article/q/549d04d718ee7835a8e2dd3d786df357.kcmsf|website=Korean Central News Agency |access-date=19 June 2025 |date=19 June 2025}}
{{flag|Norway}}: Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide criticized the attacks, saying they violate international law, exacerbate regional tensions, and endanger global security.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Statement by Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide on Israel's attacks on Iran |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/statement-by-foreign-minister-espen-barth-eide-on-israels-attacks-on-iran/id3109035/ |website=Regjeringen.no |access-date=13 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Oman}}: Oman, who was due to hold talks between Iran and the USA,{{Cite web |date=12 June 2025 |title=Sixth round of Iran-US nuclear talks will be held this weekend, Oman foreign minister says |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-united-states-nuclear-negotiations-talks-82d23c70e0890808c64794487651f532 |access-date=15 June 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}} blamed Israel for the attacks and its consequences.{{cite news |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/r50d6jocy |title=Oman: 'Israel is responsible for this escalation and its consequences' |work=Ynetnews |date=13 June 2025 |last1=Ben Ari |first1=Lior }}
{{Flag|Pakistan}}: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif condemned the attacks and supported Iran's right for self-defence. He also called on United Nations to take "urgent steps" to prevent any further escalations. Deputy prime minister and foreign minister Ishaq Dar reiterated Sharif's statement.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Pakistan condemns Israeli attacks on Iran, calls for international action |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2550664/pakistan-condemns-israeli-attacks-on-iran-calls-for-international-action |access-date= |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}{{cite web | last=Maryam | first=Khuram | title=Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Senator Mohammad Ishaq Dar, chaired a high-level meeting to review preparations for the upcoming 12th session of the Pakistan-UAE Joint Ministerial Commission (JMC) in Abu Dhabi, at MoFA | website=Associated Press of Pakistan | date=13 June 2025 | url=https://www.app.com.pk/photos-section/deputy-prime-minister-and-foreign-minister-senator-mohammad-ishaq-dar-chaired-a-high-level-meeting-to-review-preparations-for-the-upcoming-12th-session-of-the-pakistan-uae-joint-ministerial-commissi/ | access-date=13 June 2025}} The Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned Israel's attack and affirmed Iran's right to self-defence under Article 51 of the UN Charter.{{cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Pakistan Strongly Condemns Unjustified and Illegitimate Aggression by Israel Against the Islamic Republic of Iran |url=https://mofa.gov.pk/press-releases/pakistan-strongly-condemns-unjustified-and-illegitimate-aggression-by-israel-against-the-islamic-republic-of-iran |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}
{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}: Foreign Affairs Secretary Elias Wohengu stated that Papua New Guinea "stands in solidarity with the people of Israel during this time of uncertainty and conflict" and called on Papua New Guineans to "uphold the State of Israel in prayer."{{cite news |title=Foreign Affairs Secretary Wohengu urges national prayer for PNG personnel in Israel |url=https://www.postcourier.com.pg/foreign-affairs-secretary-wohengu-urges-national-prayer-for-png-personnel-in-israel/ |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=Papua New Guinea Post-Courier |date=16 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Paraguay}}: The Foreign Ministry issued a statement urging regional peace while reaffirming its strong support for Israel and its right to self-defense.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Paraguay respalda a Israel tras ataque a Irán |url=https://www.abc.com.py/politica/2025/06/13/paraguay-respalda-a-israel-tras-ataque-a-iran/ |work=ABC Color |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{Flag|Peru}}: The Peruvian government voiced profound worry over the attacks, which imperil international peace and violate international law. It urged all sides to refrain from more escalation, which might have unanticipated effects on regional stability and global security.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Gobierno del Perú se pronuncia sobre los bombardeos en Irán |url=https://www.gob.pe/institucion/rree/noticias/1187204-gobierno-del-peru-se-pronuncia-sobre-los-bombardeos-en-iran |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Peru) |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{Flag|Philippines}}: The Department of Foreign Affairs voiced "grave concern" on the attacks. Foreign Affairs Spokesperson Maria Teresita Daza urged involved countries to deescalate and seek peace. New warnings were released by the Philippine embassies in Iran, Iraq, and Israel, asking Filipinos to stay vigilant and stay out of public areas.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=PH urges Israel, Iran to 'deescalate, follow path of peace' |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1252138 |work=Philippine News Agency |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Poland}}: Interior Minister Tomasz Siemoniak said Poland was monitoring Israel's military action in cooperation with its allies "primarily from the standpoint of Poland's security interests and Polish citizens residing in the Middle East".{{cite news |title=Polish intelligence monitoring Israel-Iran escalation, interior minister says |work=Polskie Radio |date=13 June 2025 |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7784/Artykul/3537145,polish-intelligence-monitoring-israeliran-escalation-interior-minister-says |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613224133/https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7784/Artykul/3537145,polish-intelligence-monitoring-israeliran-escalation-interior-minister-says |archive-date=13 June 2025 |url-status=live}} Minister of National Defence Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz did not foresee any action by the Polish troop contingents in Lebanon and Turkey.{{cite news |title=Atak Izraela na Iran. Polscy ministrowie uspokajają i zapewniają o gotowości do działań |work=Rzeczpospolita |language=pl |date=13 June 2025 |url=https://www.rp.pl/konflikty-zbrojne/art42525161-atak-izraela-na-iran-polscy-ministrowie-uspokajaja-i-zapewniaja-o-gotowosci-do-dzialan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613224133/https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7784/Artykul/3537145,polish-intelligence-monitoring-israeliran-escalation-interior-minister-says |archive-date=13 June 2025 |url-status=live}} Prime Minister Donald Tusk referred to the attacks to justify scaling up domestic arms production.{{cite news |title=Polish PM announces surge in domestic ammunition production |work=Polskie Radio |date=13 June 2025 |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7786/Artykul/3537347,polish-pm-announces-surge-in-domestic-ammunition-production |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613223142/https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7786/Artykul/3537347,polish-pm-announces-surge-in-domestic-ammunition-production |archive-date=13 June 2025 |url-status=live}}
{{Flag|Portugal}}: Presidential candidate Luís Marques Mendes urged Europe to take decisive action to prevent such attacks, which he described as "a completely gratuitous, profoundly unnecessary, and above all, very dangerous intervention in a very sensitive area of the world".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Presidential candidate calls for 'strong response from Europe' following Israel's 'profoundly unnecessary' offensive against Iran |url=https://www.portugalresident.com/presidential-candidate-calls-for-strong-response-from-europe-following-israels-profoundly-unnecessary-offensive-against-iran/ |work=Portugal Resident |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Qatar}}: Qatar strongly condemned the Israeli strike on Iran, stating that it was a blatant infringement of Iran's security and sovereignty as well as a blatant violation of international law. It reaffirmed its unwavering stance against all forms of violence and urged moderation in order to prevent escalation, which would broaden the conflict's scope and jeopardize regional peace and stability.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Qatar strongly condemns and denounces Israeli attack on Iran |url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/13/06/2025/qatar-condemns-in-strongest-terms-israeli-attack-on-iranian-territory |work=The Peninsula |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Romania}}: The Foreign Ministry voiced deep concern on the attacks. It further stated that diplomatic measures are necessary to provide a negotiated, verifiable solution to the Iranian nuclear program that is founded on the non-proliferation principle and to stop future escalation. It reaffirmed Israel's right to self-defense and national security.{{Cite web |date=15 June 2025 |title=Press release |url=https://www.mae.ro/en/node/66898 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania) |access-date=18 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Russia}}: Presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov said: "Russia is concerned by and condemns the sharp escalation in tensions".{{Cite news |last=Rosenberg |first=Steve |date=13 June 2025 |title=Russia condemns 'sharp escalation' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c93ydeqyq71t |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} President Vladimir Putin held talks with both Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian and Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, condemning the Israeli strikes and offering mediation between the two countries.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Tehran strikes back at Israel after wave of attacks across Iran |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English |last1=McCready|first1=Alastair|last2=Kestler-D'Amours|first2=Jillian |language=en}}
{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}: The Foreign Ministry condemned the "heinous" attacks by Israel against Iran, calling it a violation of international laws and norms.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Saudi Arabia condemns attacks on Iran |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771345 |work=Al Jazeera English}}{{Cite web |date=2025-06-15 |title=MBS renews Saudi condemnation of Israeli attacks on Iran in a call with Pezeshkian |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2025/06/15/mbs-renews-saudi-condemnation-of-israeli-attacks-on-iran-in-a-call-with-pezeshkian |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}
{{Flag|Senegal}}: The Foreign Ministry strongly condemned the move, describing it as "aggression" and a "violation of international law," as well as a "serious threat to international peace and security."{{Cite news |date=17 June 2025 |title=Crise au Moyen-Orient : le Sénégal condamne l’attaque israélienne contre l’Iran et appelle à un cessez-le-feu |url=https://lesoleil.sn/actualites/politique/crise-au-moyen-orient-le-senegal-condamne-lattaque-israelienne-contre-liran-et-appelle-a-un-cessez-le-feu/ |work=Le Soleil |access-date=19 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Serbia}}: President Aleksandar Vučić expressed concern that the attacks may lead to economic instability, political volatility, and global unease. "All I want is for this to be over as quickly as possible," he added.
{{Flag|Singapore}}: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement expressing great worry about the region's escalating tensions. It called on all parties to the confrontation between Iran and Israel to use moderation and to defuse the situation.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Singapore urges all parties in Iran-Israel conflict to exercise restraint |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/spore-urges-all-parties-in-iran-israel-conflict-to-exercise-restraint |work=The Straits Times |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Slovenia}}: President Nataša Pirc Musar blamed Israel for "escalating" the situation. Deputy ambassador to the UN, Ondina Blokar Drobič, voiced her profound concern about the Israeli strike on Iran and the country's response during a Security Council meeting on Friday.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Slovenia condemns Iran attack in UN Security Council |url=https://english.sta.si/3437452/slovenia-condemns-iran-attack-in-un-security-council |work=Slovenian Press Agency |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Somalia}}: The country was one of the signatories among 21 Arab and Muslim nations of an Egyptian-led statement condemning the Israeli attacks on Iran.
{{Flag|South Africa}}: The Department of International Relations and Cooperation stated that South Africa is deeply concerned about the attacks, which raise serious concerns under international law, including the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and civilian protection enshrined in the UN Charter and international humanitarian law. Additionally, it called for the immediate escalation of diplomatic efforts to defuse tensions and advance stability in the Middle East and asks all parties to exercise the utmost moderation.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=South Africa condemns Israeli attacks on Iran |url=https://dirco.gov.za/south-africa-condemns-israeli-attacks-on-iran/ |website=Department of International Relations and Cooperation |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|South Korea}}: A Foreign Ministry spokesperson stated that the government expressed its deep worry over the attacks and denounced any actions that worsened the situation. It called on all involved parties to use the utmost caution and reduce regional tensions.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=MOFA Spokesperson's Commentary on Recent Escalation of Tensions in Middle East |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view.do?seq=322871 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Spain}}: The Spanish government denounced the attacks and called on the parties to exercise restraint and put an end to the violence right away. It reaffirmed Spain's dedication to Middle Eastern stability and its intention to keep collaborating with its allies to bring about enduring peace in the area.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=El Gobierno de España condena la escalada militar en Oriente Medio tras los ataques de Israel contra Irán |url=https://www.exteriores.gob.es/es/Comunicacion/Comunicados/Paginas/2025_COMUNICADOS/El-Gobierno-de-Espana-condena-la-escalada-militar-en-Oriente-Medio-tras-los-ataques-de-Israel-contra-Iran.aspx |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain) |access-date=14 June 2025 |language=es}}
{{Flag|Sri Lanka}}: The Foreign Ministry called on both countries to put diplomacy and communication first in order to defuse the growing tensions between Iran and Israel.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Sri Lanka calls for restraint amid rising tensions between Israel and Iran |url=https://www.dailymirror.lk/breaking-news/Sri-Lanka-calls-for-restraint-amid-rising-tensions-between-Israel-and-Iran/108-311487 |work=Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka) |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Sudan}}: The Foreign Ministry condemned the attacks on Iran, claiming that it "constitutes a serious threat to international peace and security."{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Sudan condemns Israeli strike on Iran |url=https://sudantribune.com/article301898/ |work=Sudan Tribune |access-date=18 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Sweden}}: Foreign Minister Maria Malmer Stenergard stated, "It is a very serious situation in a region that is already tense and unstable and we are now following the rapid development very closely and like many others, we are now urging all parties to de-escalate."{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Swedish Foreign Minister Urges Israel and Iran to De-escalate Tensions |url=https://swedenherald.com/article/sweden-urges-israel-and-iran-to-deescalate-tensions |work=Sweden Herald |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Switzerland}}: Federal Counciller Ignazio Cassis remarked that Switzerland is profoundly worried about the attacks, and urged all sides to use extreme caution and abstain from any behavior that would exacerbate tensions.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Situation in the Middle East |url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/fdfa/fdfa/aktuell/newsuebersicht/2023/10/naher-osten.html |website=Federal Council (Switzerland) |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Tajikistan}}: The Foreign Ministry criticized Israel's military operations against Iran and expressed grave concern over the situation's escalation. It underlined that the only legitimate means of resolving any disputes and problems in the area is through conversation and negotiations.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan |url=https://mfa.tj/en/main/view/17172/statement-of-the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-republic-of-tajikistan |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Thailand}}: Foreign Ministry spokesperson Nikorndej Balankura voiced Thailand's deep concerns about the growing scope and consequences of the conflict. "Thailand urges all parties to exercise maximum restraint to prevent further deterioration of the situation, which would inevitably harm innocent civilians," he stated.{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Foreign Ministry urges Thais to return immediately if Iran-Israel airspace reopens |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/blogs/news/world/40051253 |work=The Nation |access-date=15 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Tunisia}}: Tunisia vehemently denounced the attacks and the egregious assault on its security and sovereignty, which violated the UN Charter and all international rules and standards and threatened the foundations of peace, security, and stability not just in the region but globally.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Tunisia strongly condemns treacherous Zionist aggression against Iran (MFA) |url=https://www.tap.info.tn/en/Portal-Top-News-EN/18879902-tunisia-strongly |work=Tunis Afrique Presse |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Turkey}}: The Foreign Ministry condemned the attacks "on Iran in the strongest possible terms" saying that "Israel does not want issues to be resolved through diplomatic means."{{Cite web|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/law-order/3457742-turkey-condemns-israeli-air-strike-on-iran-a-call-for-diplomacy|title=Turkey Condemns Israeli Air Strike on Iran: A Call for Diplomacy|date=13 June 2025|website=Devdiscourse}} On 18 of June President Recep Tayyip Erdogan stated that Iran is engaging in "legitimate self-defence" against what he called "state-terrorism" by Israel, he further added that "Israel, which possesses nuclear weapons and does not recognise any international rules … did not wait for the negotiations to end but carried out a terrorist act without waiting for the result".{{Cite web |date=18 June 2025 |title=Erdogan says Iran has right to self-defence |url=https://aje.io/fcyxah?update=3783846 |website=Al Jazeera}}
{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}: Turkmenistan expressed concerns over the rising regional situation, stating that it "rejects the use or threat of force as a means of resolving political or other issues," and advocating for peaceful solutions based on the UN Charter and globally recognized principles.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Information for the mass media |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/news/5309 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkmenistan) |access-date=19 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Ukraine}}: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed alarm over the attacks, warning that the continuance of hostilities could have a negative impact on international security and global financial stability, particularly in the oil markets. It reminded that the Iranian government arms Moscow to murder Ukrainians and backs Russia in its war against Ukraine.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Statement of the MFA of Ukraine on the aggravation of the security situation in the Middle East |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/zayava-mzs-shchodo-zagostrennya-bezpekovoyi-situaciyi-na-blizkomu-shodi |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine |access-date=14 June 2025}} Furthermore, Ukraine advised its citizens to leave Israel and Iran.{{Cite news |date=17 June 2025 |title= Ukraine urges citizens to leave Israel and Iran |url= https://aje.io/gn5i1t?update=3781475 |access-date=17 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera}}
{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}: The United Arab Emirates denounced the strikes, expressing great worry about the current escalation and its implications for regional security and stability. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs emphasized in a statement the significance of using the highest level of self-control and discernment to reduce risks and stop the conflict from getting worse.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=UAE condemns Israel's attack on Iran, calls for necessary steps to achieve ceasefire |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-condemns-israel-attack-on-iran |work=Khaleej Times |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|United Kingdom}}: Prime Minister Keir Starmer urged "all parties to step back" and "return to diplomacy."{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Politics latest: Starmer urges 'all parties to step back' after Israel strikes Iran nuclear sites |url=https://news.sky.com/story/politics-latest-spending-review-rachel-reeves-labour-keir-starmer-12593360 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Sky News |language=en}} Foreign Secretary David Lammy called the attacks a "very dangerous moment." Chancellor of the Exchequer Rachel Reeves is said to have suggested that the UK will assist in Israel's protection,{{Cite web|title=British minister signals UK could help Israel defend against Iranian missiles |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/british-minister-signals-uk-could-help-israel-defend-against-iranian-missiles/|access-date=15 June 2025 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}} but according to reports, the UK has no plans to defend Israel from retaliation by Iran.{{Cite news |last1=Cleave |first1=Iona |last2=Sheridan |first2=Danielle |date=13 June 2025 |title=Britain has no plans to defend Israel from Iran retaliation |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/06/13/britain-has-no-plans-to-defend-israel-from-iran-retaliation/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} Later the same day, Starmer said the UK has "long held concerns" about Iran's nuclear programme, and that he "absolutely recognize[s] Israel's right to self-defence." At the same time, he stressed the need for "de-escalation."{{Cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Kieran |last2=Cleave |first2=Iona |last3=Bodkin |first3=Henry |last4=White |first4=Josh |last5=Stringer |first5=Connor |last6=Coen |first6=Susie |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel-Iran latest: Hidden Iranian nuclear site targeted in fresh attack |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/06/13/israel-attacks-iran-latest-news-nuclear-sites-war/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} Starmer reiterated those messages during a phone call with Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=UK PM Starmer speaks to Netanyahu, stresses Israel's right to self-defense |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/uk-pm-starmer-speaks-to-netanyahu-stresses-israels-right-to-self-defence/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |agency=Reuters}} On 14 June, the UK began relocating fighter jets to the Middle East as a "contingency" measure, according to PM Starmer, who also hinted it could involve defensive support for Israel.{{Cite news |last=Sheppard |first=David |date=14 June 2025 |title=UK moves jets to Middle East after Iran threat |url=https://www.ft.com/content/fdd3a198-23f6-4e48-90a7-76a21825da17 |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Financial Times}} On 15 June, the UK began advising against all travel to Israel.{{Cite web |date=15 June 2025 |title=The UK FCDO has advised citizens not to travel to Israel |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1kvk8jpy3vo |access-date=15 June 2025|website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}
Conservative leader of the opposition Kemi Badenoch declined to condemn the attacks, emphasizing that "Iran is an enemy of the UK" and had attempted terrorist attacks "on UK soil." She added, "If Israel is stopping Iran from getting nuclear weapons they should not be condemned for that."{{Cite news |last=McKiernan |first=Jennifer |date=13 June 2025 |title=Starmer urges Iran and Israel to 'step back' after strikes targeting Tehran |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1ld0n8m4lro |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}
Reform UK leader Nigel Farage supported the Israeli strikes, calling them a response to "the total failure of the deal struck a decade ago." He said the Iranian regime is close to developing nuclear weapons and aims to "wipe Israel and its people off the map," asking, "who can blame Israel for trying to stop this?" He added that the Iranian people "deserve better than the current brutal regime," indicating his support for the Iranian opposition.{{Cite news |last=Gutteridge |first=Nick |date=14 June 2025 |title=Farage: Iranian people deserve better than current brutal regime |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2025/06/14/farage-iranian-people-deserve-better-current-regime/ |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}
Speaking on behalf of the Green Party, MP Ellie Chowns expressed alarm at Israel's "targeted assassinations and widespread bombing of Iran" and denounced Israel as "a rogue state operating outside international law". She demanded that the government clarify whether it knew of the attacks in advance, and cease all military support of Israel, while calling for "a multilateral diplomatic process to look to address Iran's growing nuclear threat".{{cite news |last=Hynd |first=Steve |title="These actions confirm that Israel is a rogue state" say Greens after overnight bombing of Iran |work=Green Party of England and Wales |date=13 June 2025 |access-date=15 June 2025 |url=https://greenparty.org.uk/2025/06/13/these-actions-confirm-that-israel-is-a-rogue-state-say-greens-after-overnight-bombing-of-iran/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614115109/https://greenparty.org.uk/2025/06/13/these-actions-confirm-that-israel-is-a-rogue-state-say-greens-after-overnight-bombing-of-iran/ |archive-date=14 June 2025 |url-status=live}}
{{Flag|Scotland}}: First Minister John Swinney warned that the "conflict with Iran has the potential to escalate to a very dark place" and that "the international community and the United Kingdom Government particularly have got to marshal their efforts to constrain Israel and to de-escalate this conflict, both in Gaza and between Israel and Iran... [and] the sooner that happens, the better."{{Cite news |date=16 June 2025 |title=Swinney: Conflict between Israel and Iran could escalate to ‘very dark place’ |url=https://news.stv.tv/politics/swinney-conflict-between-israel-and-iran-could-escalate-to-very-dark-place |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=STV News}}
The British Foreign Secretary declared that the Islamic Republic is the greatest threat to global security.{{Cite web |date=2025-06-23 |title=بریتانیا: جمهوری اسلامی بزرگترین تهدید دولتی در جهان است |url=https://www.iranintl.com/fa/202506235245 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.iranintl.com |language=fa}}
{{Flag|United States}}: President Donald Trump praised the Israeli strikes as "excellent" and "very successful,"{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Make a deal or attacks will be 'more brutal', Trump warns Iran after Israeli strikes - live updates |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c93ydeqyq71t?post=asset%3A3961f086-cd38-49f5-a7f9-fca4245b12a8#post |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}} and warned that Iran must "make a deal now" over its nuclear program or face "even more destructive and deadly military action." He also said there had already been "great death and destruction" and cautioned that future strikes would be "even more brutal." Trump criticized Iran for refusing multiple chances to reach an agreement, saying he told them to "just do it," but that they "just couldn't get it done." He further pledged continued military support stating: "Israel has a lot of it, with much more to come – and they know how to use it"{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Trump tells Iran to make a deal or face 'even more brutal' attacks |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/trump-tells-iran-to-make-a-deal-or-face-even-more-brutal-attacks/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}} and suggested that the attacks were coordinated with the talks he was conducting: "we gave Iran 60 days to make a deal and today is 61, right?".{{cite news |last=Holland |first=Steve |date=13 June 2025 |title='We knew everything,' Trump tells Reuters about Israel's strikes on Iran |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/trump-tells-reuters-its-unclear-if-iran-still-has-nuclear-program-2025-06-13/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250613235151/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/trump-tells-reuters-its-unclear-if-iran-still-has-nuclear-program-2025-06-13/ |archive-date=13 June 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Reuters}} Trump authorized US forces to assist in intercepting the initial Iranian missile barrage. The US warned Iran against attacking American interests or personnel, emphasizing it would respond militarily if such attacks occurred.{{Cite web |last=Levitt |first=Matthew |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel Strikes Iran: Initial Assessments from Washington Institute Experts |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/israel-strikes-iran-initial-assessments-washington-institute-experts |website=The Washington Institute for Near East Policy |language=en}} On 17 June, Trump stated that a "real end" was better than a ceasefire.{{Cite web |author1=Kaitlan Collins |author2=Kevin Liptak |date=17 June 2025 |title='A real end' better than a ceasefire between Israel and Iran, Trump says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/17/politics/trump-israel-iran-ceasefire |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}} He then demanded unconditional surrender by Iran.{{Cite news |date=17 June 2025 |title=Trump demands 'UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER' from Iran as he issues chilling threat to Supreme Leader Khamenei |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-iran-surrender-israel-threat-b2771759.html |work=The Independent}} Trump also threatened Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei saying that he is an "easy target" and could assassinate him at any moment. The threat came two days after it was reported that Trump allegedly vetoed a plan by Israel to assassinate the ayatollah.{{Cite web |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=17 June 2025 |title=Trump threatens Iran's leader, demands 'unconditional surrender' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/17/trump-iran-israel-khamenei.html |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=CNBC |language=en}}

:Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that Israel acted independently, stating the U.S. was not involved. He said that Israel informed the U.S. it viewed the attack as an act of self-defense. Rubio warned: "Iran should not target US interests or personnel" and also said the administration was taking all necessary steps and maintaining communication with regional partners.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=US confirms it is uninvolved in Israeli strikes on Iran |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-857576 |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}} Senator Rand Paul urged President Trump not to get involved in any war between other countries.{{cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title='Drop Israel': How military escalation with Iran divides Trump's base |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/14/drop-israel-how-military-escalation-with-iran-divides-trumps |work=Al Jazeera English}}

:US representative at the UN McCoy Pitt admitted that the US had had prior knowledge of the attack and had received Israel's justification of "necessary{{nbsp}}... self-defence", stating that "Every sovereign nation has the right to defend itself, and Israel is no exception".{{cite news |title=US threatens Iran of 'dire consequences' if American troops targeted in region |work=Al Jazeera |date=13 June 2025 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3773240 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250613221421/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3773240 |archive-date=13 June 2025 |url-status=live}}

:* Senator Jim Risch warned Iran not to attack the US, saying: "Iran would be foolish to attack the United States."{{cite web |last=Rod |first=Marc |title=Senior Republican senators, pro-Israel Dems express support for Israel's strike against Iran |website=Jewish Insider |date=13 June 2025 |url=https://jewishinsider.com/2025/06/senior-republican-senators-pro-israel-dems-express-support-for-israels-strike-against-iran/ |access-date=13 June 2025}} Senator Jack Reed said: "Israel's alarming decision to launch airstrikes on Iran is a reckless escalation that risks igniting regional violence".{{cite news |date=12 June 2025 |title=US senator slams 'reckless escalation' by Israel |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771076 |access-date=12 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera}}

:* Following the attack, US forces moved closer to the Middle East.{{Cite web |last=Pequeño IV |first=Antonio |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel Strikes Iran—U.S. Moves Military Resources In Middle East (Live Updates) |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2025/06/13/israel-strikes-iran-us-moves-military-resources-in-middle-east-live-updates/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=Forbes |language=en}}

{{Flag|Uruguay}}: The Ministry of Foreign Relations expressed concern about the military escalation, which threatens to exacerbate an already delicate regional situation.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Ante la escalada militar entre Israel e Irán |url=https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/comunicados/ante-escalada-militar-entre-israel-iran |access-date=14 June 2025 |website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |language=es}}
{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}: The Foreign Ministry published a statement expressing "serious concern" about the strikes. It urged all sides to use the utmost caution, stop all military operations right away, and turn to diplomatic and political means of resolution.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Uzbekistan urges Israel and Iran to immediately cease hostilities |url=https://www.gazeta.uz/en/2025/06/13/mfa-iran-israel/ |work=gazeta.uz |access-date=14 June 2025}}
{{Flag|Venezuela}}: President Nicolás Maduro has condemned the attacks describing it as a "criminal assault" that "violates international law and the United Nations Charter", he further said "No to war, no to fascism, no to neo-Nazi Zionism" and accuses France, Germany, Britain and the US of supporting "the 21st-century Hitler" against the "noble and peaceful Iranian people".{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Venezuelan president condemns Israel's attacks on Iran as 'neo-Nazi Zionism' |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3773766 |work=Al Jazeera English}} Interior Minister and Vice President of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, Diosdado Cabello, expressed support for the Iranian government and announced a march through the streets of Caracas in support of peace and in protest against Israel’s attacks on Iran.{{Cite news |date=18 June 2025 |title=Convocan marcha por la paz en solidaridad con Irán |url=https://fusernews.com/convocan-marcha-por-la-paz-en-solidaridad-con-iran/ |access-date=19 June 2025 |work=Fuser News |language=Spanish}} Cabello also accused María Corina Machado of advocating for a U.S. military intervention in Venezuela, following her remarks that the Maduro regime poses a serious threat to the Western Hemisphere and the United States because of its close alliance with Iran.{{Cite news |date=19 June 2025 |title=Administración de Maduro asegura que María Corina Machado pidió «un ataque» contra el país |url=https://www.analitica.com/actualidad/actualidad-nacional/politica/administracion-de-maduro-asegura-que-maria-corina-machado-pidio-un-ataque-contra-el-pais/ |access-date=19 June 2025 |work=Analítica |language=Spanish}}
{{Flag|Vietnam}}: Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Pham Thu Hang stated that Vietnam is deeply concerned about the attacks and strongly condemns dangerous acts of escalation, the use of force, and violations of international law, the United Nations Charter, and national sovereignty. She noted the need to advocate for the creation of favorable conditions for continued peace talks in order to promote regional and global security, safety, peace, and stability.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Vietnam calls for restraint amid escalating tensions in the Middle East |url=https://english.vov.vn/en/politics/diplomacy/vietnam-calls-for-restraint-amid-escalating-tensions-in-the-middle-east-post1207052.vov |work=Voice of Vietnam |access-date=14 June 2025}}

=Others=

{{Flag|Kosovo}}: Acting Prime Minister Albin Kurti stated "The Republic of Kosovo is following with concern the tense situation between Israel and Iran and calls on all parties involved to exercise restraint, in order to avoid further escalation of the security crisis in the region... A diplomatic solution is the right path to addressing security issues, stopping violence, and preventing broader regional and global consequences."{{Cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Kosovo Government: Iran should stop hybrid actions, diplomatic solution is the right path |url=https://www.koha.net/en/bote/qeveria-e-kosoves-irani-te-ndaloje-veprimet-hibride-zgjidhja-diplomatike-eshte-rruga-e-duhur |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=Koha}}
{{Flag|Northern Cyprus}}: Prime Minister Ünal Üstel stated "The statements directed at our country and at the President of the Republic of Turkey, Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, are clear examples of slander and distortion... It is sheer hypocrisy for representatives of a regime that bombs hospitals and schools with warplanes and tramples on the basic right to life to speak in the name of morality and law."{{Cite news |date=19 June 2025 |title=Ünal Üstel: We fully support this struggle for justice led by President Erdoğan. |url=https://www.kibrispostasi.com/c35-KIBRIS_HABERLERI/n565415-unal-ustel-erdoganin-liderliginde-yurutulen-bu-adalet-mucadelesine-tam-destek-veriyoruz |access-date=19 June 2025 |work=Kıbrıs Postası}}

= Non-state actors =

{{Flag|Hamas}}: Hamas condemned the attack as a "brutal aggression that constitutes a flagrant violation of international norms and conventions", adding that it "reflects the extremist Netanyahu government's insistence on dragging the region into open confrontations." They further called for "a unified stance to deter" Israel and "put an end to its crimes."{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Hamas slams Israeli attacks on Iran |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771436 |work=Al Jazeera English}}
{{Flag|Hezbollah}}: Hezbollah condemned the attacks but said that it would not launch an attack on Israel.{{cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Reuters: Hezbollah will not initiate attack on Israel in response to strikes on Iran |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/9hdpmmkr7 |work=Ynetnews |agency=Reuters}} On 19 June, Secretary-General Naim Qassem condemned the attacks and stated that Hezbollah is "not neutral" and stands with Iran, further stating that Trump's suggestion that the US could assassinate Ali Khamenei is an "aggression" against all the people of the region.{{Cite web |date=19 June 2025 |title=Hezbollah chief says group stands with Iran |url=https://aje.io/ac1txh?update=3786779 |website=Al Jazeera}} Qassem also stated that Hezbollah will "act as we see fit in the face of this brutal Israeli-American aggression."{{Cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=20 June 2025 |title=Defense minister warns Hezbollah to stay out of Israel-Iran war |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/defense-minister-warns-hezbollah-to-stay-out-of-israel-iran-war/ |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}}
{{Flag|Houthis}}: The Houthis condemned the attacks and said they "support Iran's right to defend itself."{{Cite news |last=Christou |first=William |date=13 June 2025 |title=Middle East countries call for urgent de-escalation after Israel's strikes on Iran |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jun/13/middle-east-nations-call-for-urgent-de-escalation-after-israel-strikes-on-iran |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} The Houthi movement also threatened to break its May 2025 ceasefire with the United States and attack U.S. targets "in the event that the Americans become involved in the attack and aggression against Iran alongside the Israeli enemy."{{Cite news |last=Almosawa |first=Shuaib |date=2025-06-21 |title=Live Updates: U.S. Moves B-2 Bombers as Iran and Israel Exchange Strikes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/21/world/iran-israel-trump/5922875b-e22e-5a9c-b8f9-8f00b019cf42 |access-date=2025-06-21 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}
{{Flagicon image|Kata'ib Hezbollah sans logo.JPG}} Kata'ib Hezbollah: Kata'ib Hezbollah leader Abu Ali al-Askari vowed to attack U.S. bases if the United States entered the war in support of Israel, stating "should the United States enter into this war, the deranged Trump shall forfeit all the trillions he dreams of seizing from this region. Operational plans have been established for that purpose."{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Lex |last2=Lau |first2=Chris |last3=Sharman |first3=Laura |last4=Radford |first4=Antoinette |last5=Chowdhury |first5=Maureen |last6=Sangal |first6=Aditi |date=2025-06-19 |title=Live updates: Israel-Iran conflict, ballistic missile attacks, Trump weighs US involvement |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-conflict-06-19-25-intl-hnk |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=CNN |language=en}}
{{Flagicon image|Shiite Resistance flag.svg}} Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba: HHN leader Akram Kaabi directly threatened American diplomats, citizens, and interests in response to threats to assassinate Khamenei, stating "Perish in your disgrace and eat dirt, you criminal Trump! Who are you to threaten a pillar of the Islamic nation with death?"{{Cite web |date=2025-06-19 |title=Iraqi Militias Show Cohesion and Restraint During Iran-Israel War |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/iraqi-militias-show-cohesion-and-restraint-during-iran-israel-war |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=The Washington Institute |language=en}}
{{Flagicon image|Shiite Resistance flag.svg}} Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq: AAH reaffirmed its allegiance to Khamenei and warned the United States of "the consequences of joining its Zionist ally in the aggression against Islamic Iran."

= Advisories and evacuations =

India moved citizens outside major cities, while over a 100 were evacuated via Armenia.{{cite news | url=https://armenpress.am/en/article/1222475 | title=India considers Armenia as safe passage for evacuating nationals from Iran | work=Armenian News Agency | date=17 June 2025 }} Citizens of various countries also evacuated via Azerbaijan{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/over-600-people-have-fled-azerbaijan-iran-source-says-2025-06-17/ | title=Hundreds flee into Azerbaijan and Armenia from Iran | work=Reuters |date=17 June 2025 }} and Turkmenistan. The US State Department's virtual embassy in Iran{{efn|The USA maintains a physical consular presence in Tehran at the Swiss Embassy.}} also added Turkey as another evacuation option, but with caveats of concern.{{cite web | url=https://ir.usembassy.gov/iran-security-alert-land-border-crossings-june-16-2025/ | title=Iran Security Alert – Land Border Crossings (June 16, 2025) | website=U.S. Virtual Embassy Iran }} The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Taiwan raised the travel warning for Iran to red and Israel to orange. Additionally, Taiwan supported 14 citizens to leave Israel.{{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Amanda |date=16 June 2025 |title=Taiwan urges caution and evacuation for nationals amid Israel-Iran escalations |url=https://www.rti.org.tw/en/news?uid=3&pid=147305 |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=Radio Taiwan International}}

The Kosovan Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Diaspora and the Embassy of the Republic of Kosovo in Israel, advised "all citizens of Kosovo currently in Israel to avoid unnecessary travel and stay in safe places".{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Notice for Citizens of the Republic of Kosovo in Israel |url=https://mfa-ks.net/lajmet/njoftim-per-qytetaret-e-republikes-se-kosoves-ne-izrael/ |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Diaspora}} Trinidad and Tobago advised its citizens to exercise extreme caution.{{Cite web |last=Loutoo |first=Jada |date=2025-06-18 |title=Trinis in Israel warned: Stay close to shelters |url=https://newsday.co.tt/2025/06/18/trinis-in-israel-warned-stay-close-to-shelters/ |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday |language=en-US}}

New Zealand's Defence Minister Judith Collins and Foreign Minister Winston Peters announced that they would send a C-130J Super Hercules into the Middle East to evacuate New Zealanders in Iran and Israel.{{cite news |last1=Dexter |first1=Giles |title=Defence Force to send plane to assist New Zealanders in stranded Iran and Israel |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/564830/defence-force-to-send-plane-to-assist-new-zealanders-in-stranded-iran-and-israel |access-date=22 June 2025 |work=Radio New Zealand |date=22 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622092923/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/564830/defence-force-to-send-plane-to-assist-new-zealanders-in-stranded-iran-and-israel |archive-date=22 June 2025 |url-status=live}}

= Protests =

File:Friday_of_"Anger_and_Victory"_-_Tehran_-_Avash_10.jpg

Protests took place on 14 June in London's Parliament Square, with protestors waving Palestinian and Iranian flags urging the British government to halt military support for Israel as well as calling for a de-escalation of wars in the Middle East.{{cite web |last1=Leake |first1=Natasha |last2=Sawer |first2=Patrick |date=14 June 2025 |title=Protesters march through London waving Iranian flags |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/06/14/protesters-march-through-london-waving-iranian-flags/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615065529/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/06/14/protesters-march-through-london-waving-iranian-flags/ |archive-date=15 June 2025 |access-date=15 June 2025 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}

Small protests also took place in several cities in the US, urging the Trump administration not to join the military action,{{Cite web |last=Bickerton |first=James |date=18 June 2025 |title=Iran war protests break out in US cities |url=https://www.newsweek.com/iran-war-protests-break-out-us-cities-2087453 |access-date=21 June 2025 |website=Newsweek}} including in Washington D.C., in front of the White House, where smaller numbers of counter-protesters gathered to try to disrupt the event.{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/6_xIxkcb2dY |title=Anti-war activists protest US involvement in Israel's war on Iran |date=19 June 2025 |type=News |language=en |publisher=TRT World |access-date=19 June 2025 |via=Youtube}} anti-war protests also appeared in Times Square, New York City and Boston with protesters carrying signs against US intervention.{{Cite web |date=22 June 2025 |title=Photos: Antiwar protests in New York, Washington, DC, Boston |url=https://aje.io/819lk2?update=3793452 |website=Al Jazeera}}

Tens of thousands of Iraqis gathered during Friday prayer in Sadr City in support of Iran and chanted anti-US slogans.{{Cite web |date=20 June 2025 |title=Tens of thousands gather in Iraq in support of Iran |url=https://aje.io/asdg2r?update=3788112 |website=Al Jazeera English}}

During Friday prayer, people gathered in southern Beirut in support of Iran, waving the flags of Iran, Palestine and Hezbollah.{{Cite web |date=20 June 2025 |title=Photos: Demonstrators in southern Beirut hold pro-Iran rally |url=https://aje.io/asdg2r?update=3788129 |website=Al Jazeera English}}

An anti-NATO protests in The Hague shifted it's focus to Iran during the US strikes on Iran, the protests originally planned to be against NATO's military policies military policies pivoted to condemnation of the US attacks on Iran, over 5,000 protesters went to Peace Palace, home to the International Court of Justice, and carried banners calling for de-escalation, diplomacy, and for NATO to be disbanded, with some saying "No Iran War" and "Hands off Iran".{{Cite web |date=22 June 2025 |title=Hague NATO summit protest shifts focus to Iran |url=https://aje.io/819lk2?update=3792678 |website=Al Jazeera}}

Al Jazeera reported that hundreds of thousands of people attended protests against Israeli strikes that were held at the cities of Tehran, Tabriz, Shiraz, Isfahan, Mashhad, Qom, Qazvin and Yazd as well as in Gilan province. Footage showed them waving Iranian and Hezbollah flags and photographs of assassinated Iranian commanders and Khamenei.{{Cite web |date=20 June 2025 |title=Thousands march in Tehran against Israeli attacks, US threats |url=https://aje.io/asdg2r?update=3788002 |website=Al Jazeera English}}{{Cite web |date=20 June 2025 |title=Protest marches in Iranian cities double as funeral for those killed in Israeli strikes |url=https://aje.io/asdg2r?update=3788158 |website=Al Jazeera English}}{{Cite web |date=20 June 2025 |title=Senior Iranian officials join Friday march in Tehran |url=https://aje.io/asdg2r?update=3788092 |website=Al Jazeera English}} Among the participants were Chief Justice of Iran Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i, former IRGC commander Major General Mohammad Ali Jafari, as well as several ministers and the deputy speaker of parliament.

= Public opinion =

File:Graph US population on conflict with Iran.png

On 14 June, several pro-Palestine and pro-Iran demonstrators marched through the streets in London and gathered in Parliament Square waving Palestinian and Iranian flags as well as chanted "stop bombing Iran". Protestors demanded an end of the bombing in Iran and Gaza and urged the government to halt military support to Israel. Some supporters of Trump in the United States have criticized Trump's support for Israeli strikes against Iran, and the possible involvement of the United States in the war.{{Cite news |last=Pager |first=Tyler |last2=Broadwater |first2=Luke |date=13 June 2025 |title=Republicans Are Divided Over Iran. Will Trump Pick a Side? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/13/us/politics/trump-republicans-iran-israel.html |access-date=17 June 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{cite news |title=Top MAGA pollster warns Republicans will lose the majority for ‘the next decade’ if Trump gets involved in Israel-Iran |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/maga-pollster-republicans-trump-majority-israel-iran-b2771770.html |work=The Independent |date=17 June 2025}} In a poll of Trump voters conducted prior to the onset of U.S. intervention, 53% said the country should not get involved in the Iran–Israel conflict.{{cite news |last1=Luscombe |first1=Richard |title=Most Trump supporters want to keep US military out of Israel-Iran conflict, poll finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/18/trump-republicans-iran-conflict |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |date=18 June 2025}} US intervention into the war would cause many social media accounts to post Internet memes about World War III.{{cite news |title=Israel-Iran conflict: World War III memes go viral as Trump mulls intervention |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-news/wwiii-memes-flood-social-media-as-donald-trump-iran-s-ayatollah-khamenei-issue-strong-statements-101750356261152.html |access-date=22 June 2025 |agency=The Hindustan Times |date=20 June 2025}} Opinion polling on Americans on US involvement in the war by YouGov found 85% of those surveyed were opposed to the war, while 5% supported and 10% were unsure of it.{{Cite web|url=https://today.yougov.com/topics/international/survey-results/daily/2025/06/23/530e0/3|title=2025 Survey|date=23 June 2025|website=Yougov}}

Analysis

= Iranian preparedness =

Iranian leaders anticipated the possibility of hostilities if nuclear negotiations with the United States stalled, but miscalculated the timing of any such engagement, The New York Times reported, citing officials close to the leaders who said Iran had not expected an Israeli offensive before the next scheduled round of talks in Oman, and therefore dismissed warning signs as psychological operations aimed at securing diplomatic leverage. This misjudgment led to a failure to implement defensive protocols that had been previously discussed. High-ranking military personnel, including senior commanders of the IRGC, ignored directives to disperse or shelter, resulting in the deaths of key figures during targeted strikes on military facilities, most notably in Tehran.{{Cite news |last=Fassihi |first=Farnaz |date=14 June 2025 |title=A Miscalculation by Iran Led to Israeli Strikes' Extensive Toll, Officials Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/13/world/middleeast/iran-israel-strikes-nuclear-talks.html |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

= Legality =

The International Commission of Jurists released a statement saying "Israel's attack on Iran violates international law, threatening peace and security" and calling on "Iran and Israel to comply with their non-proliferation obligations and ensure IAEA's access to all their nuclear facilities".{{Cite web |last=Nour |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel/Iran: Israel's attack on Iran violates international law, threatening peace and security |url=https://www.icj.org/israel-iran-israels-attack-on-iran-violates-international-law-threatening-peace-and-security/ |access-date=15 June 2025 |website=International Commission of Jurists |language=en-US}} Marko Milanović, Kevin Jon Heller and Sergey Vasiliev, all scholars of international law, have described these attacks as a crime of aggression.{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel's attacks on Iran amount to crime of aggression, legal scholars say |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-attack-iran-amounts-crime-aggression-scholars-say |access-date=15 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}} The Turkish government also commented that the Israeli action "constitutes a blatant violation of international law".{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Regarding Israel's Attack on Iran |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-121_-israil-in-iran-a-yonelik-saldirisi-hk.en.mfa |work=Republic of Turkey}} In 2012, there were differing positions regarding a potential attack against Iran over its nuclear programme, which are summarised by law professor Andrew Garwood-Gowers, who concluded that "from an international law standpoint, a unilateral military strike against Iran would be illegal".{{Cite web |last=Garwood-Gowers |first=Andrew |date=19 April 2012 |title=An attack on Iran: the legal basis, or lack thereof |url=http://theconversation.com/an-attack-on-iran-the-legal-basis-or-lack-thereof-6397 |access-date=15 June 2025 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}} Writing in the European Journal of International Law, Marko Milanovic, Professor of Public International Law in the UK, stated, "To conclude, even if the broadest possible (legally plausible) understanding of anticipatory self-defence was taken as a correct, Israel's use of force against Iran would be illegal. This is because there is little evidence that Iran has irrevocably committed itself to attacking Israel with a nuclear weapon, once it develops this capability".{{Cite web |last=Milanovic |first=Marko |date=13 June 2025 |title=Is Israel's Use of Force Against Iran Justified by Self-Defence? |url=https://www.ejiltalk.org/is-israels-use-of-force-against-iran-justified-by-self-defence/ |access-date=15 June 2025 |website=EJIL: Talk! |language=English}} The Israeli Ambassador to the UN commented that "This was an act of national preservation. It was one we undertook alone, not because we wanted to, but because we were left no other option". Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian has been supportive of talks with the United States to revive the agreement Iran reached with the US and other world powers in 2015.{{Cite news |date=6 July 2024 |title=Iran Elects President Who Wants to Revive Nuclear Talks With West |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-06/reformist-pezeshkian-elected-president-of-iran-state-tv |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240810055132/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-06/reformist-pezeshkian-elected-president-of-iran-state-tv |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=15 June 2025 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}

= Media =

The Jerusalem Post suggested Iran's possible retaliation could entail proxy attacks, ballistic missiles and drones, naval and "asymmetric" threats, attacks on targets based outside the country, conventional armed forces or diplomatic attacks.{{cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=How Iran may retaliate after Israeli strikes |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-857583 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}

According to Foreign Policy, most of the American-allied countries have failed to recognize the danger posed by the Iranian regime which seeks to "leverage American gullibility and caution to Tehran's advantage". Israel, according to the paper, decided to resolve the Iranian threat, deemed "existential" by Israelis and strike the "head of the snake" and end the Iranian threat.{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Steven A. |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel Is Going for the Death Blow on Iran |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/06/13/israel-iran-attack-death-blow-nuclear/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}

Mohammad Eslami, a researcher at the University of Tehran and head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, suggested that a retaliatory attack was supported by most of Iran's domestic political parties, a near unanimity not seen since the Iran–Iraq War.{{Cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Widespread support in Iran for retaliation against Israel |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3771458 |work=Al Jazeera English}}

According to the Atlantic Council's Daniel B. Shapiro, the attacks by Israel laid bare the weakness of Iran in the aftermath of the 7 October attacks, claiming that Israel has achieved full penetration of Iran and has demonstrated capabilities to strike at targets across much of the country. "Iran has never looked weaker, and its ability to respond meaningfully will be tested", he concluded.{{cite web |date=12 June 2025 |title=Experts react: Israel just attacked Iran's military and nuclear sites. What's next? |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/experts-react-israel-just-attacked-irans-military-and-nuclear-sites-whats-next/ |website=New Atlanticist |publisher=Atlantic Council}} Military analyst Richard Kemp argued that Israel "had no choice but to attack," describing Iran as a regime pursuing nuclear weapons and supporting terrorism. With diplomacy exhausted, he warned that inaction would risk allowing a regime with a history of violence to obtain nuclear arms. Kemp called for continued support for Israel and cautioned that renewed negotiations would likely fail, as Iran "would not honour" any deal.{{Cite news |last=Kemp |first=Richard |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran, an evil and desperate regime, is now more dangerous than ever |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/06/13/iran-is-evil-desperate-dangerous-regime/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}

Writing for Al Jazeera English, Imad El-Anis, an international relations expert on the Middle East, pointed to Israel's capability of smuggling drones into Iran and to operate in Iranian airspace signals a marked shift in the balance of power. According to El-Anis, Israel exploitation of these weaknesses is unprecedented in the history of the conflict between the two nations.{{cite news |last=El-Anis |first=Imad |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel's daytime air strikes point to significant military advantage over Iran |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3772286 |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}} Al Jazeera's senior political analyst Marwan Bishara argued that Israel was obliterating the recent pragmatic turn in Iran's foreign policy and suggested that Netanyahu had pursued the narrative of Iran as an "existential threat" to Israel since his first cabinet position in the early 1990s.{{cite news |last=Bishara |first=Marwan |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israel 'bombing Iranian moderation' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3773145 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250614003603/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3773145 |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}}

US diplomat and former Department of State official Thomas M. Countryman called Trump's apparent use of Israeli attacks as a negotiating strategy with Iran "profoundly misguided" and alleged that Netanyahu was hoping for Iran to target American positions in the Middle East and thereby provoke the United States to enter the conflict.{{cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Trump appears to be pursuing 'profoundly misguided strategy' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3773382 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250614004407/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3773382 |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}} According to US nuclear expert Jim Walsh, Israel's attacks could produce the opposite effect to the stated intention in forcing Tehran to pursue nuclear weapons.{{cite news |date=13 June 2025 |title=Israeli attacks could push Iran to pursue nuclear weapon |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3773054 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250614004758/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/6/13/live-explosions-reported-in-iran-amid-israel-tensions?update=3773054 |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}}

Charles Moore, Baron Moore of Etchingham claimed that Israel's strikes reflect lessons from the 7 October Hamas attacks, emphasizing the need to avoid being caught off guard. He described Iran as an "active existential threat" unlike more abstract dangers faced by most nations. Moore suggested that while Netanyahu’s approach remains controversial domestically, there is broad Israeli consensus on the threat posed by Iran, which he believes the West underestimates.{{Cite news |last=Moore |first=Charles |date=13 June 2025 |title=Iran poses an existential threat to Israel. Could Netanyahu be his country's Churchill? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/06/13/netanyahu-his-countrys-churchill-israel-iran-middle-east/ |access-date=14 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} Hamid Gholamzadeh, director of Tehran's Diplo House think tank, Ali Akbar Darani, a researcher at the Center for Strategic Studies in Tehran and Abas Aslani, a senior researcher at the Center for Middle East Strategic Studies, suggested that Israeli attacks on Iranian energy and other sites have failed to create domestic unrest and the possibility of a regime change and instead united the population, even the ones that opposed the ruling government, with Darani stating: "I have rarely seen such national unity".{{Cite news |date=15 June 2025 |title=Israeli attacks have 'backfired' while fostering Iranian 'unity' |url=https://aje.io/9yu24p?update=3776427 |work=Al Jazeera English}}{{Cite news |date=15 June 2025 |title=Iranians 'united' as Israel wages war 'aimed at a regime change' |url=https://aje.io/9yu24p?update=3777117 |work=Al Jazeera English}}{{Cite web |date=17 June 2025 |title='Israeli assault seeking to bring Iranians to streets against gov't. It has had opposite effect' |url=https://aje.io/gn5i1t?update=3781341 |website=Al Jazeera English}}

On 14 June Muhanad Seloom of the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies suggested that, while "bruised severely", Iran was unwilling to risk a wider conflict with the U.S. and its European allies, saying its limited response to date was "below the threshold" of all-out war and indicated a willingness to reenter nuclear negotiations; he also noted that Israeli airstrikes had not completely destroyed Iranian nuclear facilities.{{cite news |date=14 June 2025 |title=Still a 'small window' for negotiations to prevent all-out war |url=https://aje.io/auoxkc?update=3773914 |accessdate=14 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}} A few days later, National Iranian American Council president Jamal Abdi concurred, noting that, while refraining from striking U.S. forces, Iran has refused to abandon the Non-Proliferation Treaty, evict inspectors, or blockade the Strait of Hormuz.{{cite news |date=16 June 2025 |title=How Iran is showing restraint in its response against Israel |url=https://aje.io/p8ugy8?update=3778320 |accessdate=16 June 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English}}

In an interview with BBC Persian, political analyst Mojtaba Najafi criticized the lack of national unity in the face of external threats. He argued that the Iranian establishment's suppression of public expression had weakened internal cohesion, stating: "One of the reasons Israel dared to attack was Iran's internal problems. ... Unresolved crises and deep anger have distorted the meaning of nationhood in Iran, allowing a foreign force to attack without fear."{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=Reactions within Iran reveal deep divide after Israeli strikes |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/reactions-within-iran-reveal-deep-divide-after-israeli-strikes |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}} Accordign to The Economist that the Iranian regime was facing internal discontent and external pressure. It reported that some Iranians had celebrated the assassination of key military leaders. It argued that Israel's campaign had exposed the "failure of the regime's military strategy" and raised hopes for an uprising or coup.{{Cite news |date=16 June 2025 |title=Will Iran's hated regime implode? |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/06/16/will-irans-hated-regime-implode |access-date=17 June 2025 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}

Amnesty International warned that Israel’s military escalation with Iran should not be allowed to divert global attention from what it called Israel’s ongoing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, its illegal occupation of Palestinian territories, and its system of apartheid.{{cite web |title=Israel-Iran: Urgent call to end 'reckless military action' and protect civilians amid growing hostilities |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/israel-iran-urgent-call-end-reckless-military-action-and-protect-civilians-amid |website=Amnesty International |access-date=June 21, 2025 |date=June 18, 2025}} The Daily Star argued that Israel's strikes on Iran are occurring alongside, and politically connected to, its “genocidal policies” in Gaza, enabled by Western diplomatic and military support.{{cite web |last1=Kanj |first1=Jamal |title=From livestream genocide in Gaza to the war on Iran |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/news/livestream-genocide-gaza-the-war-iran-3920896 |website=The Daily Star |access-date=June 21, 2025 |date=June 19, 2025}}

The New Lines Institute described Israel’s strikes as "a dangerous escalation against the backdrop of the war in Gaza" and noted that the conflict with Iran is complicating Gaza ceasefire negotiations.{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Rachel |last2=Heras |first2=Nicholas A. |title=Real-Time New Lines Analysis: Israel’s Strike on Iran |url=https://newlinesinstitute.org/strategic-competition/regional-competition/real-time-new-lines-analysis-israels-strike-on-iran/#:~:text=The%20Israeli%20strikes%20on%20Iran,further%20complicating%20vital%20Gaza%20ceasefire |website=The New Lines Institute |access-date=June 21, 2025 |date=June 13, 2025}}

The Atlantic Council experts cited reporting from Gaza where civilians fear the Israel–Iran war will distract from the starvation and killing of Palestinians.{{cite web |title=Twenty questions (and expert answers) on the Israel-Iran war |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/twenty-questions-and-expert-answers-on-the-israel-iran-war/#:~:text=The%20prevalent%20fear%20in%20Gaza,what%20an%20%E2%80%9Cend%E2%80%9D%20looks%20like |website=The Atlantic Council |access-date=June 21, 2025 |date=June 16, 2025}} Al Jazeera reported that as attention turns to Iran, Israel has escalated violence against Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank, quoting human rights researchers warning the conflict is being used to intensify repression while international scrutiny is diverted.{{cite web |last1=Nashed |first1=Mat |title=Israel massacres in Gaza, locks down West Bank as attention shifts to Iran |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/19/israel-escalates-war-on-palestinians-as-world-attention-shifts-to-iran |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=June 21, 2025 |date=June 19, 2025}}

Notes

References

External links

Category:Reactions to 2020s events

Iran–Israel

Category:Foreign relations of Iran

Category:Foreign relations of Israel

Category:2020s in international relations

Category:Iran–Israel War