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September 1918

{{short description|Month in 1918}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Events by month|1918}}

{{calendar|year=1918|month=September}}

The following events occurred in September 1918:

File:The Execution of the Twenty Six Baku Commissars.jpg's The Execution of the Twenty Six Baku Commissars, following the Battle of Baku in Azerbaijan.]]

File:US23rdInfantry37mmGunInActionFrance1918-ARC531005.gif, firing 37mm gun during an advance against German entrenched positions.]]

[[September 1]], 1918 (Sunday)

  • Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin – The Australian Second Division captured most of the commune Péronne, France.{{cite web|url=http://www.ww1westernfront.gov.au/battlefields/mont-st-quentin-peronne-1918.html |title=Mont St Quentin – Péronne 31 August – 2 September 1918 |publisher=Australian Government: Department of Veterans' Affairs together with Board of Studies NSW |work=Australians on the Western Front 1914–1918 |date=12 February 2008 |access-date=2008-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725073538/http://www.ww1westernfront.gov.au/battlefields/mont-st-quentin-peronne-1918.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-07-25 }}
  • Second Battle of Bapaume – The New Zealand Division, with support by the British, captured Bancourt Ridge from the Germans to secure the town of Bapaume, France.{{cite book|last=Gray|first=John H.|title=From the Uttermost Ends of the Earth: The New Zealand Division on the Western Front 1916–1918|year=2010|publisher=Wilson Scott Publishing|location=Christchurch, New Zealand|isbn=978-1-877427-30-5|pages=295–297}}
  • The United States Army 28th Infantry Division defeated German forces after nearly a month of brutal street fighting that destroyed most of the commune of Fismes, France.A Fismes en 1918, j'étais là avec les Yanks , Tome 1, Cyrille Delozanne ({{ISBN|978-1-304-36393-0}}). Ville de Fismes. Service Culturel. [http://www.fismes.fr www.fismes.fr]
  • Battle of Baku – British Major-General Lionel Dunsterville, commander of the Allied force in Baku, Azerbaijan, met with leaders of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship and warned if the situation to hold the city from the Islamic Army of the Caucasus did not improve in the next few days, his force would withdraw. He was convinced to stay on until a White Army reinforcement of 600 troops arrived.{{Cite book | last = Missen | first =Leslie | title = Dunsterforce. Marshall Cavendish Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War I | publisher = Marshall Cavendish Corporation | year =1984 | isbn =978-0-86307-181-2 | pages=2766–2772}}
  • The sports stadium Gressbanen opened in Oslo and became the home of the Ready sports club.{{cite book |last=Larsen |first=Petter |title=75 norske fotballår |publisher=Football Association of Norway |location=Oslo |year=1977 |language=no |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/d83657c38f0e76494d303eb741ded859}}
  • The Stefan Batory School opened in Warsaw.{{cite web|title=Historia| url=http://www.batory.edu.pl/o-szkole/historia| website=Stefana Batorego| access-date=4 December 2017| language=pl}}
  • Born:
  • Joe L. Brown, American sports executive, general manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1955 to 1976; in New York City (d. 2010){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • James D. Martin, American politician, U.S. Representative from Alabama from 1965 to 1967; in Tarrant, Alabama (d. 2017){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • M. A. G. Osmani, Bangladeshi army officer, commander-in-chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces during the Bangladesh Liberation War; in Sunamganj District, British India (d. 1984){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Igor Kaczurowskyj, Ukrainian poet and literary critic, known for literary criticisms including Literary Genres and Structure and European Literature of the Middle Ages, and poetry collections such as Mirrors of Eternity; in Nizhyn, Ukraine (d. 2013){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Leonard C. Bailey, 92-93, American entrepreneur and inventor, founder of one of the first African American banks (b. 1825){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Francis Oats, 59, English industrialist, chairman of De Beers from 1908 to 1918 (b. 1848){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 2]], 1918 (Monday)

  • Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin – Australian forces broke through the German line after capturing the rest of Péronne, France.Australian Government: Department of Veterans' Affairs 2008
  • Battle of Drocourt-Quéant Line – The Canadian Corps attacked the German line between the French communes of Drocourt and Quéant, France.{{cite book|series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence |title=Military Operations France and Belgium 1918: 8th August – 26th September The Franco-British Offensive |volume=IV |last=Edmonds |first=J. E. |author-link=James Edward Edmonds |year=1947 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |edition=IWM and Battery Press 1993 |isbn=978-0-89839-191-6|page=396}}
  • The Revolutionary Military Council of Soviet Russia was established, chaired by Leon Trotsky, to organize the disparate revolutionary militias into one established army.{{Citation | last1 = Scott | first1 = Harriet Fast | first2 = William F | last2 = Scott | title = The Armed Forces of the USSR | edition = 3rd | publisher = Westview | place = Boulder, CO | year = 1984 | isbn = 978-0-86531-792-5 | page=8}}
  • Born: Allen Drury, American journalist and novelist, recipient for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for Advise and Consent; in Houston (d. 1998){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: John Forrest, 71, Australian politician, first Premier of Western Australia (b. 1847){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 3]], 1918 (Tuesday)

File:A section of New Zealand Riflemen in newly captured Bapaume, World War I (21613457006).jpg, France, captured from the Germans.]]

File:19180902-red terror-banner.jpg propaganda poster in Petrograd calling for the death of bourgeoisie and their supporters, and praising the Red Terror.]]

  • Second Battle of Bapaume – The battle for Bapaume, France, ended with a victory for New Zealand over Germany, with 800 New Zealand soldiers killed and 2,300 wounded.{{cite book|last=Harper|first=Glyn|title=Dark Journey: Three Key New Zealand Battles of the Western Front|year=2007|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|location=Auckland, New Zealand|isbn=978-1-86950-579-0|page=459}}
  • Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin – German forces retreated back to the Hindenburg Line, ending the battle at a cost of 3,000 Australian casualties.{{cite web|url=http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-battles/ww1/france/mont-quentin.htm|title=Mont St Quentin|work=Western Front|publisher=www.diggerhistory.info|access-date=2007-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155306/http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-battles/ww1/france/mont-quentin.htm|url-status=live|archive-date=2007-09-30}}
  • Battle of Drocourt-Quéant Line – Canadian troops forced the Germans to withdraw {{convert|40|mi}} back to the Hindenburg Line; six Canadian soldiers received the Victoria Cross for action during the battle. {{sfn|Edmonds|1947|p=396}}
  • Battle of San Matteo – Austro-Hungarian forces bombarded the San Matteo peak of the Ortler mountain in the Alps in an attempt to take it back from Italian forces. The attack failed with 17 men lost on the Austro-Hungarian side and 10 on the Italian side. The attack was the last offensive carried out by Austria-Hungary in World War I. At an altitude of 2,800 metres, it was the highest battle ever fought until a battle during Kargil War in 1999 was fought at 5,600 metres.Bönisch, Georg [http://www.spiegel.de/spiegelspecial/0,1518,296104,00.html "Die toten Augen im Berg"] [War in the eternal ice of the Alps] Der Spiegel 30 March 2004 (in German)
  • The Imperial German Navy combined five squadrons to form the world's first navy fighter wing, the Royal Prussian Marine Jagdgeschwader, with Gotthard Sachsenberg as its first commanding officer.{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/germany/sachsenberg.php|title=Gotthard Sachsenberg|work=The Aerodrome|access-date=7 July 2015}}
  • The Bolshevik government of Russia published the first official announcement of the Red Terror, a period of repression against political opponents, as an "Appeal to the Working Class" in the newspaper Izvestia.{{cite book| last1=Werth| first1=Nicolas| last2=Bartosek| first2=Karel| last3=Panne| first3=Jean-Louis| last4=Margolin| first4=Jean-Louis| last5=Paczkowski| first5=Andrzej| last6=Courtois| first6=Stephane| year=1999| title= The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression| publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=978-0-674-07608-2|page=74| title-link=The Black Book of Communism}} One of the first major executions was Fanny Kaplan, a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party who shot and wounded Vladimir Lenin five days earlier after resolving he was "a traitor to the Revolution".{{cite web| url=http://www.executedtoday.com/2009/09/03/1918-fanya-kaplan-lenins-would-be-assassin/| title=1918: Fanya Kaplan, Lenin's would-be assassin| website=ExecutedToday.com| date=September 3, 2009}}
  • Tennis player Robert Lindley Murray defeated Bill Tilden 6–3, 6–1, 7–5 in the final to win his second consecutive title in the U.S. National Championship men's singles at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York.{{cite book| last=Talbert| first=Bill| author-link=Bill Talbert| title=Tennis Observed – The USLTA Men's Singles Champions, 1881-1966| year=1967| oclc=172306| publisher=Barre Publishers| location=Barre| page=96}}{{cite book| last=Collins| first=Bud| author-link=Bud Collins| title=The Bud Collins History of Tennis| year=2016| publisher=New Chapter Press| location=New York| isbn=978-1-937559-38-0| pages=16–17,485| edition=3rd}}{{cite news| title=Murray, Tilden and Kunagae win in tennis title fray| url=https://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9B0DE7DC1439E13ABC4950DFBE668383609EDE| work=The New York Times| date=August 31, 1918| format=PDF}}
  • The Pike County Agricultural High School was established in Summit, Mississippi on the property of an earlier agricultural school opened in 1908. It began incorporating college level courses in 1929 and became a junior college in 1932. In 1988, it was granted full college status to become the Southwest Mississippi Community College.{{cite web| url = http://www.smcc.edu/index.php/history-of-southwest| title = History of Southwest| access-date = 2009-06-06| publisher = Southwest Mississippi Community College}}
  • Born: Helen Wagner, American actress, best known for the role of Nancy Hughes in the television soap opera As the World Turns; in Lubbock, Texas (d. 2010){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: Michael J. Garvin, 57, American architect, known for New York City landmarks such as the Haffen Building and the Bronx Borough Courthouse (b. 1861){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 4]], 1918 (Wednesday)

[[September 5]], 1918 (Thursday)

  • Kazan Operation – The Red Army launched an attack to recapture Kazan, Russia from the White Army.{{TES| Qazannı azat utü operasiäse/Казаны азат итү операциясе}}
  • North Russia intervention – A second attempt by the British to invade Russian-held territory in East Karelia (located between Russia and Finland) ended in failure, resulting in a mutiny the following day. In all, 93 British soldiers were court-martialled.Churchill's Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia 1918–1920, Clifford Kinvig, London 2006, {{ISBN|1-85285-477-4}}, pp. 259-262
  • U.S. Navy troopship USS Mount Vernon was hit by a torpedo by German submarine {{Ship|SM|U-82||2}}, killing 36 on-board and injuring another 13 in the attack. Accompanying American destroyers forced the submarine away, allowing emergency repairs to get underway that saved Mount Veron and allowed her to return to port under her own power.{{cite book| last=Drechsel| first=Edwin| title=Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen, 1857–1970: History, Fleet, Ship Mails, Volume 1| location=Vancouver, British Columbia| publisher=Cordillera Pub. Co| year= 1994| isbn=978-1-895590-08-1| oclc=30357825|page=191}}
  • The United States Army established the 97th Infantry Division at Camp Cody, New Mexico.{{Cite book|url=http://www.goldentornadosports.net/library/tridentheritage.pdf|title=The Trident Heritage: A Brief History of the 97th Infantry Division and the 97th U.S. Army Reserve Command|last=Hirshauer|first=V. Bruce|publisher=97th U.S. Army Reserve Command|year=1991|location=Fort George G. Meade, Maryland|oclc=37843621|page=7}}
  • Born: Bob Katter Sr., Australian politician, cabinet minister for the William McMahon administration; in South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (d. 1990){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: Nikolay Maklakov, 46, Russian politician, Minister of the Interior from 1912 to 1915; executed (b. 1871){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 6]], 1918 (Friday)

[[September 7]], 1918 (Saturday)

[[September 8]], 1918 (Sunday)

[[September 9]], 1918 (Monday)

  • A Red Army force of 8,300 men under command of Mikhail Tukhachevsky attacked the People's Army of Komuch of 11,500 men at Simbirsk, Russia.Н.Е.Какурин, И.И.Вацетис Гражданская война. 1918-1921 (N.E.Kakurin, I.I.Vacietis Civil War. 1918-1921) Sankt-Peterburg: Polygon Publishing House, 2002. {{ISBN|5-89173-150-9}}
  • Kazan Operation – Soviet naval forces secured a bridgehead outside of Kazan, Russia while the Red Army attacked on two other fronts around the city.
  • German submarine {{SMU|U-92||6}} struck a mine in the North Sea and sunk with the all 39 crew on board.{{cite Uboat.net

|id=62|name=Günther Ehrlich|type=1comm|accessdate=21 January 2015}}

[[September 10]], 1918 (Tuesday)

  • French forces reached the outskirt of Saint-Quentin, France, located on the Hindenburg Line.{{cite book |last=Hanotaux |title=Histoire illustrée de la guerre de 1914|pages=128–129}}
  • Kazan Operation – The Red Army took Kazan, Russia back from the White Army.
  • German submarine {{SMU|UB-83||6}} was sunk by depth charges from by Royal Navy destroyer Ophelia in the North Sea with the loss of all 37 crew.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+83 |title=UB 83|publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=12 November 2012}}
  • The 11th, 20th, 96th, and 166th Aero Squadrons were organized under the 1st Day Bombardment Group to provide air support for American ground troops at the Battle of Saint-Mihiel.Series "C", Volume 14, History of the 1st Day Bombardment Group. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
  • The municipality of Dupuy, Quebec was established.{{cite web |url=http://www.mamrot.gouv.qc.ca/repertoire-des-municipalites/fiche/municipalite/87085/ |title=Dupuy |work=Répertoire des municipalités |publisher=Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire |language=fr |access-date=2011-01-07}}
  • Died: Carl Peters, 61, German explorer and entrepreneur, founder of the German East Africa Company (b. 1856){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 11]], 1918 (Wednesday)

[[September 12]], 1918 (Thursday)

File:3c15011u.jpg ploughing its way through a trench and starting toward the German line during the Battle of Saint-Mihiel.]]

  • Battle of Saint-Mihiel – American and French troops under command of John J. Pershing launched an attack on the German-held commune of Saint-Mihiel, France. Close to 1,500 American and French aircraft were mobilized to support the ground forces, the largest force of aircraft ever assembled for a single operation.{{cite book| editor=Mauer, Mauer| title=The US Air Service in World War I | volume=III The Battle of St. Mihiel | chapter=Appendix A: Order of Battle, First Army, 12 September 1918 |publisher=Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF |location=Washington DC|year=1979|id=Stock Number 008-070-00385-6 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfkPnEK2KRkC&q=The+U.S.+Air+Service+in+World+War+I,+Volume+III&pg=713| isbn=9781428916067|pages=713–714}}
  • Battle of Havrincourt – The British 62nd, 37th, and New Zealand Divisions captured the commune of Havrincourt, France, from the Germans, the first time the Allies pierced the Hindenburg Line.{{cite web | author = Michael Duffy | year = 2001 | url = http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/havrincourt.htm | title = Battles: The Battle of Havrincourt, 1918 | access-date = 2006-02-03| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20051228235445/http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/havrincourt.htm| url-status= live| archive-date = 2005-12-28 }}
  • The Red Army crossed the Volga River at it pushed back the People's Army of Komuch away from Simbirsk, Russia.Н.Е.Какурин, 2002
  • Royal Navy armed steamer Sarnia was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Egypt by German submarine {{SMU|U-65|Germany|6}} with the loss of 55 crew.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/5453.html |title=Sarnia |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=17 October 2012}}
  • The Hamburg U-Bahn rail line opened stations in Berne, Farmsen, Ohlstedt, and Wandsbek-Gartenstadt, Hamburg, Germany.{{cite web|title=Berne|url=http://www.hamburger-untergrundbahn.de/met-hh-be.htm|website=hamburger-untergrundbahn.de|language=de|access-date=26 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701000912/http://www.hamburger-untergrundbahn.de/met-hh-be.htm|archive-date=1 July 2017|url-status=dead}}{{cite web| title=Farmsen| url=http://www.hamburger-untergrundbahn.de/met-hh-fa.htm| website=hamburger-untergrundbahn.de| language=de| access-date=10 June 2016}}{{cite web|title=Ohlstedt |url=http://www.hamburger-untergrundbahn.de/met-hh-ot.htm|website=hamburger-untergrundbahn.de|language=de|access-date=23 October 2014}}{{cite web|title=Wandsbek-Gartenstadt| url=http://www.hamburger-untergrundbahn.de/met-hh-wk.htm| date=26 June 2013| website=hamburger-untergrundbahn.de| language=de| access-date=1 November 2014}}
  • Born: Valerie Goulding, English-Irish activist and politician, campaigner for disability rights in Ireland and co-founder of the Central Remedial Clinic in Dublin, member of the Irish Senate from 1977 to 1981; in Ightham Mote, Kent, England (d. 2003){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died:
  • David Endicott Putnam, 19, American air force officer, member of the 139th Aero Squadron, recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross, Croix de Guerre, and Legion of Honour; killed in action over Limey-Remenauville, France (b. 1898){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • George Reid, 73, Australian state leader, 4th Prime Minister of Australia, 12th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1845){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 13]], 1918 (Friday)

File:Weesp 1918 Train Disaster.jpg near Weesp, Netherlands.]]

[[September 14]], 1918 (Saturday)

  • Vardar offensive – The Serbian Army with support from France launched its final offensive on the Balkan Front, starting with an attempt to break through the Bulgarian line at Dobro Polje, Macedonia.{{Cite book | first=Aristeidis| last=Omiridis Skylitzes| script-title=el:Ο Ελληνικός Στρατός κατά τον Πρώτον Παγκόσμιον Πόλεμον, Τόμος Δεύτερος, Η Συμμετοχή της Ελλάδος εις τον Πόλεμον 1918| trans-title=Hellenic Army During the First World War 1914–1918: Hellenic Participation in the War 1918 |volume=II |publisher=Hellenic Army History Department| language=el| location=Athens|year=1961 |pages=114–115}}{{cite book|first=Nikolay|last=Korsun|script-title=ru:Балканский фронт мировой войны 1914–1918 гг.|trans-title=Balkan Front of the World War 1914–1918 |language=ru|publisher=Boenizdat|location=Moscow|year=1939 |oclc=7970969|page=95}}
  • French forces closed in on the Hindenburg Line at Laon, France.{{cite book |last=Hanotaux |title=Histoire illustrée de la guerre de 1914|page=125}}
  • Battle of Baku – Allied forces abandoned Baku, Azerbaijan to Ottoman forces, leading to the collapse of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.
  • The British aircraft carrier {{HMS|Argus|I49|6}} was completed, becoming the first aircraft carrier with an unobstructed flight deck from stem to stern.Layman, R.D., Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849-1922, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-87021-210-9}}, pp. 66, 70.
  • German submarine {{SMU|UB-113||6}} left Zeebrugge, West Flanders, Belgium on patrol and disappeared with all 39 crew missing.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+113 |title=UB 113 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=15 November 2012}}
  • Wuxi Furen High School was established as preparatory school for students going on to St. John's University in Shanghai.{{cite web| url=http://daj.chinawuxi.gov.cn/lssdjt/522992.shtml |script-title=zh:7月31日 |access-date=2009-07-21 |date=2006-07-05 |language=zh }} {{Dead link|date=May 2012|bot=BlevintronBot}}
  • The Lt Thomas Armstrong Memorial was unveiled in Mirani, Queensland, Australia to honor Lieutenant Thomas Acheson Armstrong of the Australian 33rd Battalion, killed in action at the age of 26 at the First Battle of Passchendaele one year before.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article177693900 |title=A MARIAN MEMORIAL. |newspaper=Daily Mercury (Mackay, Qld. : 1906 – 1954) |location=Mackay, Qld. |date=19 September 1918 |access-date=2 January 2016 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} The memorial was added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992.{{cite QHR|15499|Lt Thomas Armstrong Memorial|600724|accessdate=1 August 2014}}
  • Born: Cachao, Cuban jazz musician, considered the co-creator of the mambo and the descarga music genres; in Havana (d. 2008){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 15]], 1918 (Sunday)

File:Columns of German prisoners taken by the Americans in the first day of the assault on the St. Mihiel salient... - NARA - 530745.tif.]]

  • September Days – A combined Ottoman and Azerbaijani force captured the port of Baku on the Caspian Sea and overthrew the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.{{cite book |title= Exploring the Caucasus in the 21st Century: Essays on Culture, History and Politics in a Dynamic Context |last=Companjen |first=Françoise |author2=Maracz, Laszlo |author3=Versteegh, Lia |year=2011 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=978-90-8964-183-0 |page=119 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifHj0xaf7hMC&pg=PA119 }} The resulting panic of Armenians attempting to escape the port city led to Ottoman and Azeri troops massacring an estimated 10,000 to 30,000 civilians.{{cite book|last = Hovannisian|first = Richard G.|author-link= Richard G. Hovannisian|title = Armenia on the Road to Independence, 1918|url = https://archive.org/details/armeniaonroadtoi00hova|url-access = registration|publisher =University of California Press|location= Berkeley|year = 1967|pages=[https://archive.org/details/armeniaonroadtoi00hova/page/227 227], 312, note 36|isbn =978-0-520-00574-7}}Walker, Christopher (1990). Armenia: The Survival of a Nation, Revised Ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 260. {{ISBN|0-7099-0210-7}}
  • Battle of Dobro Pole – The Bulgarian Army lost nearly half of its 12,000 troops during the second day of the battle, including 2,689 dead, 3,000 taken prisoner, and 50 out of the 158 artillery pieces knocked out of action. Allied casualties were 1,900.{{sfn|Omiridis Skylitzes|1961|pp=115–119}}
  • Battle of Saint-Mihiel – The battle ended in a major victory for the Allies, with German forces suffering 22,000 casualties including 2,000 killed, 5,500 wounded, and 15,000 taken prisoner.ref: William R. Griffiths: The Great War: Strategies & Tactics of the First World War. Square One Publishers, 2003. p. 161 American and French forces totaled 7,000 casualties out of force of 110,000 men including 4,500 killed and 2,500 wounded.ref: Alan Palmer: Victory 1918. Grove Press, 2001. p. 209
  • North Russia intervention – The city of Murmansk, Russia formally became part of the Northern Regional Government.
  • British pilot Frank Broome of the No. 151 Squadron shot down a giant German Zeppelin-Staaken bomber over Beugny, France, the second of only two such bombers lost to enemy action in World War I and the only one shot down by an Allied aircraft. Broome was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for the achievement.Guttman, Robert, "German Giant," Aviation History, September 2014, pp. 14, 15
  • The Committee on Public Information, organized under U.S. President Woodrow Wilson began disclosing Russian documents together titled The German-Bolshevik Conspiracy that alleged Russian revolutionary leaders Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky had worked with Germany to orchestrate the November Revolution and force Russia to withdraw from World War I.{{cite book|first=Alan|last=Axelrod|title=Selling the Great War: The Making of American Propaganda|url=https://archive.org/details/sellinggreatwarm00axel_0|url-access=registration|publisher=NY: Palgrave Macmillan|date=2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/sellinggreatwarm00axel_0/page/205 205]|isbn=9780230605039 }} The documents were later proven to be forgeries.{{cite journal|first=George F.|last=Kennan|title=The Sisson Documents|journal=Journal of Modern History|volume=28|issue=2|date=1956|pages=130–54|doi=10.1086/237884|s2cid=144508744}}
  • Buster Keaton and Fatty Arbuckle released the film short The Cook, which knowingly parodied the Theda Bara movie Salomé that was in production at the same time and released three weeks later.{{Citation | last = Neibaur | first = James L. | title = Arbuckle and Keaton: Their 14 Film Collaborations | place = Jefferson, North Carolina | publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc, Publishers | year = 2007 | isbn= 978-0-7864-2831-1 }}
  • The Mexican food chain El Fenix was established in Dallas.Rosales, Christina."[http://www.dallasnews.com/news/community-news/downtown-dallas/headlines/20110920-dallas-based-el-fenix-restaurants-celebrate-93-years-of-tex-mex-tradition.ece Dallas-based El Fenix restaurants celebrate 93 years of Tex-Mex tradition]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073921/http://www.dallasnews.com/news/community-news/downtown-dallas/headlines/20110920-dallas-based-el-fenix-restaurants-celebrate-93-years-of-tex-mex-tradition.ece Archive]). The Dallas Morning News. September 20, 2011. Updated September 21, 2011. Retrieved on September 21, 2014.
  • The state-run newspaper Azerbaijan published its first edition.{{cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijan-news.az/|title=Azərbaycan qəzeti. Milli Məclisin orqanı|trans-title=Azerbaijan Newspaper. Component of Milli Majlis|access-date=15 December 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101231234341/http://azerbaijan-news.az/|url-status=live|language=az|archive-date=2010-12-31}}
  • Born:
  • Alfred D. Chandler Jr., American economist, recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for History for The Visible Hand; in Guyencourt, Delaware (d. 2007){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Phil Lamason, New Zealand air force officer, negotiated for the transfer of 168 airmen imprisoned at the Buchenwald concentration camp to Stalag Luft III during World War II, recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross; in Napier, New Zealand (d. 2012){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Nipsey Russell, American comedian, best known as a guest panel host for games shows including Match Game, Hollywood Squares, and Pyramid; in Atlanta (d. 2005){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 16]], 1918 (Monday)

  • Battle of Dobro Pole – Serbian and Greek forces attempted to overrun the remaining Bulgarian defenses at the village Zborsko, Macedonia but were rebuffed.{{sfn|Omiridis Skylitzes|1961|pp=119–122}}
  • The Red Army launched a second offensive against the People's Army of Komuch, with a force 15,700 men assault the White-held cities of Syzran and Samara along the Volga River in Russia.
  • The Mid-European Union was established in the United States as mediator for emerging new nations from World War I.[https://books.google.com/books?id=OWb8FEvxY2YC&dq=%22Mid-European+Union%22&pg=PA153 Kantowicz, Edward R. "The Rage of Nations" (Eerdmans, 1999) p 153]
  • Royal Navy monitor ship {{HMS|Glatton|1914|6}} caught fire while anchored at Dover, killing 79 of the 305 crew.{{cite book|last=Buxton|first=Ian|title=Big Gun Monitors: Design, Construction and Operations 1914–1945|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, MD|year=2008|edition=2nd, revised and expanded|isbn=978-1-59114-045-0|page=110}}
  • German flying ace Georg von Hantelmann shot down and killed French ace Maurice Boyau while he was attacking German observation balloons. Boyau had 35 kills at the time of his death, making him the fifth-highest-scoring French ace of World War I.Franks 1998, p. 62
  • The American Expeditionary Forces began to set up military hospitals in Paris, with Hospital No. 57 set up to handle 1,800 wounded American soldiers.{{cite book |last=Ford|first=Colonel Joseph H., MC | title = The Medical Department of the U.S. Army in the World War, Volume 2|year=1927| publisher = U.S. Government Printing Office| url=http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwi/adminamerexp/chapter24.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031105051111/http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwi/adminamerexp/chapter24.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=November 5, 2003|page=682}}
  • The rail line from Cape-Kootjieskolk to Sakrivier, running {{convert|27|mi|21|ch|km|1|abbr=off}}, opened in South Africa.Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway, Statement No. 19, p. 188, ref. no. 200954-13
  • The Mount Pleasant railway line opened in between Balhannah and Adelaide, Australia.The Mount Pleasant Line Callaghan, W.H. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, October, 1994 pp. 274-281
  • The musical comedy The Girl Behind the Gun, later re-titled Kissing Time, debuted on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theatre in New York City, for 160 performances before its revision to its present form in 1919. The musical was adapted from a French play by Guy Bolton and P. G. Wodehouse, with music by Ivan Caryll, with Donald Brian in the lead role.Jasen, David A. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9L2kjKQ8CvYC&pg=PA81 P. G. Wodehouse: a portrait of a master], Music Sales Group, 2002, pp. 78–82 {{ISBN|0-8256-7275-9}}
  • The first Soviet military decoration, the Order of the Red Banner, was established by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, and would remain the highest award of the Soviet Union until the Order of Lenin was established in 1930.{{cite web | title = Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of September 16, 1918 | publisher = Legal Library of the USSR | date= 1918-09-16 | url = http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_362.htm | language = ru | access-date = 2012-03-25}}

[[September 17]], 1918 (Tuesday)

  • Battle of Dobro Pole – Serbian and Greek forces succeeded in forcing the Bulgarians to abandon the village of Zborsko, Macedonia in a night attack.{{sfn|Omiridis Skylitzes|1961|pp=122-123}}
  • The town of Kamuthi was looted by 1,000 rioters of neighboring Mukkulathor villages in Tamil Nadu, India in a reprisal against the Nadar people that made up the town. Local police fired on the mob and killed 50 to bring the riot under control, with two policemen also killed. Damages were estimated at 50,000 rupees and penalty tax was established to pay off property losses.{{cite book|title=The Nadars of Tamilnad: The Political Culture of a Community in Change|author1=Hardgrave, R.L.|author2=University of California, Berkeley. Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies|date=1969|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520014718|url=https://archive.org/details/nadarsoftamilnad0000hard|url-access=registration|access-date=2017-01-14|page=[https://archive.org/details/nadarsoftamilnad0000hard/page/156 156]}}
  • The Tallinn University of Technology was established in Tallinn, Estonia.{{cite web| url=http://www.studyinestonia.ee/study/institutions/international-degree-programmes/tallinn-university-of-technology| title=Tallinn University of Technology| publisher=[Archimedes Foundation], Study in Estonia| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524021314/http://www.studyinestonia.ee/study/institutions/international-degree-programmes/tallinn-university-of-technology| archive-date=2012-05-24| url-status=dead}}
  • Born: Chaim Herzog, Irish-Israeli state leader, 6th President of Israel; in Belfast (d. 1997){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died:
  • John Murphy Farley, 76, American clergy, Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York from 1902 to 1918 (b. 1842){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Loyd Wheaton, 80, American army officer, leading commander in the American Civil War and Philippine–American War (b. 1838){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 18]], 1918 (Wednesday)

File:13thBattalionAIF Le Verguier.jpeg.]]

[[September 19]], 1918 (Thursday)

  • Battle of Megiddo – The Egyptian Expeditionary Force launched its third Transjordan attack with battles against Ottoman forces at Sharon and the Nablus in the Judaean Mountains. As well, the British attacked Tulkarm, Tabsor, and Arara, breaking the Ottoman front line that had stretched from the Mediterranean coast to the Judaean Mountains.{{cite book |title=Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War |last=Falls |first=Cyril |series=Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence |author2=A. F. Becke (maps) |year=1930 |volume=2 Part II |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |location=London|oclc=256950972|pages=474–476}}
  • Battle of Doiran – The Bulgarian First Army repulsed the British and Greek attack on Doiran Lake, inflicting 6,559 British casualties and 7,819 Greek casualties, while only suffering 2,726 casualties.Wakefield and Moody, p. 217
  • The Canadian Air Force was established under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Billy Bishop, the leading war ace of the British Empire. However, the war ended within two months before the force could see action and lack of funding the following year forced the unit to disband. Canada's air force arm was revived in 1924 with the establishment of the Royal Canadian Air Force.{{cite book| last1=Milberry| first1=Larry| title=Sixty Years—The RCAF and CF Air Command 1924–1984| date=1984| publisher=Canav Books| location=Toronto| isbn=978-0-9690703-4-4| page=15}}
  • German submarine {{SMU|UB-104||6}} disappeared after being sighted in Lyme Bay, England, with all 36 crew missing.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+104 |title=UB 104 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=14 November 2012}}
  • The Sopwith Buffalo aircraft was first flown.{{cite book| last1=Mason| first1=Francis K.| title=The British Fighter since 1912| date=1992| publisher=Naval Institute Press| location=Annapolis, Maryland| isbn=978-1-55750-082-3| page=139}}
  • Born: Penelope Mortimer, Welsh writer, author of The Pumpkin Eater; in Flintshire, Wales (d. 1999){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Liza Lehmann, 56, English composer and singer, known for song compositions including In a Persian Garden and The Daisy Chain, first president of the Society of Women Musicians (b. 1862){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Avram Steuerman-Rodion, 45, Romanian poet, noted contributor of the literary magazine Contemporanul (b. 1872){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 20]], 1918 (Friday)

File:Cavalry watering at Mary's Well in Nazareth 1918 (AWM image B00273).jpg during the Battle of Megiddo.]]

[[September 21]], 1918 (Saturday)

[[September 22]], 1918 (Sunday)

File:The Damieh bridge captured by the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade.jpg to capture Jisr ed Damieh during the Battle of Megiddo.]]

[[September 23]], 1918 (Monday)

File:Indian lancers in Haifa 1918.jpg after capturing the Middle East city during the Battle of Megiddo.]]

[[September 24]], 1918 (Tuesday)

[[September 25]], 1918 (Wednesday)

[[September 26]], 1918 (Thursday)

[[September 27]], 1918 (Friday)

  • Battle of the Canal du Nord – The British First and Third Armies, with support from the Canadian Corps, launched a surprise attack on the German-held Canal du Nord in north France, forcing enemy forces to retreat from the east side of the canal.Livesay, John Frederick Bligh (1919). Canada's Hundred Days: with the Canadian Corps from Amiens to Mons, Aug. 8—Nov. 11, 1918. Toronto: Thomas Allen. p. 217
  • The Australian Mounted Division crossed the Jordan River at it continued advance towards Damascus.Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 568
  • Vardar offensive – The Bulgarian Agrarian National Union took control of many mutinying Bulgarian forces and declared Bulgaria a republic.{{sfn|Korsun|1939|pp=100–108}}{{sfn|Omiridis Skylitzes|1961|pp=124–125}}
  • The Ottoman Army executed 250 civilians in Tafas, Syria in an attempt to demoralize the pursuing British force led by T. E. Lawrence. After coming across the massacre, Lawrence ordered his column to pursue and attack the Turkish columns of 2,500 soldiers, capturing at least 250 prisoners.{{cite book|title=A Prince of Our Disorder|publisher=Harvard University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/princeofourdisor00mack_0|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/princeofourdisor00mack_0/page/237 237]|quote=Tafas massacre.|access-date=23 August 2014|isbn=9780674704947|last1=Mack|first1=John E.|year=1998}}
  • The Royal Air Force established air squadrons No. 263,{{cite web|title=History of 263 Squadron| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/263squadron.cfm| website=Royal Air Force| access-date=13 December 2017}} No. 264,{{cite web|title=History of 264 Squadron| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/264squadron.cfm| website=Royal Air Force| access-date=13 December 2017}} No. 266,{{cite web|title=History of 266 Squadron| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/266squadron.cfm| website=Royal Air Force| access-date=13 December 2017}} and No. 267.{{cite web|title=History of 267 Squadron| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/267squadron.cfm| website=Royal Air Force| access-date=13 December 2017}}
  • Born: Martin Ryle, English astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of the radio telescope; in Brighton, England (d. 1984){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Louise de Bettignies, 38, French spy, headed an intelligence network in France code-named the "Alice Network" from 1914 to 1916 (b. 1880){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Fritz Rumey, 27, German air force officer, recipient of the Pour le Mérite; killed in action (b. 1891){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 28]], 1918 (Saturday)

[[September 29]], 1918 (Sunday)

File:Andrey Lyapchev Ivan Lukov Simeon Radev.jpg Ivan Lukov, Andrey Lyapchev and Simeon Radev of Bulgaria at the signing of the Armistice of Salonica.]]

  • Bulgaria signed an armistice with the Allies.Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, and John S. D. Eisenhower, World War I: A Student Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO, 2005), p. 242
  • The Allied Army of the Orient began to liberate the countries of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro that had been held by the Central Powers.{{cite book |last=Falls |first=C. |series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence |title=Military Operations Macedonia: From the Spring of 1917 to the End of the War |volume=II |year=1996 |orig-year=1935 |publisher=HMSO |edition=Imperial War Museum and Battery Press |location=Nashville, TN |isbn=978-0-89839-243-2|pages=246–253}}
  • Vardar offensive – The Allies captured Uskub, Macedonia to end the offensive.{{sfn|Korsun|1939|pp=100–104}} The Allies sustained 17,295 casualties during the campaign while Bulgaria had 77,000 troops captured, 3,207 killed and 998 wounded.{{sfn|Omiridis Skylitzes|1961|p=224}}
  • Fifth Battle of Ypres – The Allies captured Messines and all other high ground around Ypres, Belgium.{{cite book |title=The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army |last=Sheffield |first=G. |year=2011 |publisher=Aurum Press |location=London |isbn=978-1-84513-691-8|page=322}}
  • Battle of St Quentin Canal – Allied forces attacked and broke through the Hindenburg Line at the Canal de Saint-Quentin in France.{{cite book|last=Montgomery|first=Archibald|title=The Story of Fourth Army in the Battles of the Hundred Days| date=1919| location=London| publisher=Hodder and Stoughton| url=https://archive.org/details/storyoffourtharm01mont |pages=[https://archive.org/details/storyoffourtharm01mont/page/n322 153]–170}}
  • The Egyptian Expeditionary Force began their month-long pursuit of the remaining Yildirim Army Group of the Ottoman Empire from Haifa, Palestine into territory now part of modern-day Lebanon.Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 594-603
  • Terauchi Masatake resigned as Prime Minister of Japan after failing to bring order in the country following weeks of riots over rice prices in rural Japan. Hara Takashi, who openly renounced his noble background in early adulthood, was appointed prime minister to appease the citizenry by becoming the first commoner to be appointed to the office.Olson, L. A.: Hara Kei – A Political Biography. Ph.D.diss. Harvard University, 1954.
  • German ground-attack aircraft of Schlachtstaffel 3 intervened to support German troops in danger of being overrun by United States Army forces in the Argonne Forest, France. A German officer on the ground reported that the German air attack caused the American troops to break off their attack and scatter "in wild flight."Blumberg, Arnold, "The First Ground-Pounders," Aviation History, November 2014, p. 43
  • German submarine {{SMU|UB-115||6}} was sunk by several Royal Navy vessels in the North Sea, with the loss of all 39 crew.{{cite Uboat.net|id=UB+115|name=UB 115|type=1comm|accessdate=29 September 2010}}
  • American flying ace Frank Luke was killed in action. His 18 victories at the time of his death made him the second-highest-scoring American ace of World War I. The same day, Chapin Barr became the first U.S. Marine pilot to die in aerial combat.
  • The first performance of Gustav Holst's orchestral suite The Planets was conducted by Adrian Boult before an invited audience at Queen's Hall in London.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: Lawrence Weathers, 28, New Zealand-born Australian soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for action during the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin; died from battle wounds (b. 1890){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[September 30]], 1918 (Monday)

  • An amendment to the U.S. Constitution to extend voting right to women fell two votes short of the two-thirds necessary for passage in the United States Senate.{{cite web | title = S652146 Y=53, N=31 JONES, N.M. TO PASS H.J. RES. 200. | url = http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/65-2/s325 }}
  • The Desert Mounted Corps staged successful cavalry charges at Kaukab and Kisew, Palestine as part of their advance on Damascus.Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 572-577
  • U.S. Navy transport ship {{USS|Ticonderoga|1918|6}} was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine {{SMU|U-152||6}}, killing 213 of the 237 people on board.{{cite web |title=Ticonderoga III (Id. No. 1958) |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/t/ticonderoga-iii.html |website=NHHC |publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command |access-date=26 August 2018}}
  • German submarine {{SMU|U-102||6}} struck a mine and sank in the North Sea with the loss of all 42 crew.{{cite Uboat.net

|id=102|name=U 102|type=1sub|accessdate=25 January 2010}}

References

{{reflist|2}}

{{Events by month links}}

1918

*1918-09