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1519

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{{About year|1519}}

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File:Cortez & La Malinche.jpg – Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlan.]]

File:Magellan's voyage EN.svg: Ferdinand Magellan begins his voyage around the world with a fleet of five ships.]]

{{C16 year in topic}}

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Year 1519 (MDXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1519th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 519th year of the 2nd millennium, the 19th year of the 16th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1510s decade.

Events

= January–March =

  • January 1 – Ulrich Zwingli preaches for the first time, as people's priest of the Great Minister in Zurich.
  • January 12 – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, dies at the age of 59 after a reign of slightly less than 11 years.Brady, Thomas A. Jr. (2009) German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400–1650 (Cambridge University Press, 2009) p.127 ISBN 978-0-521-88909-4 An imperial election by the leaders of the various member states of the Empire is scheduled for June 28.
  • February 10 – The Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores depart from Cuba toward the island of Cozumel in Mexico to begin a mission of conquest.
  • February 18 – Because of the large population of Jews included converts to Christianity ("New Christians") in the colony of Portuguese India at Goa, King Manuel I of Portugal announces that there will be no further appointment of New Christians to government offices, but affirms that those already in office are not to be dismissed.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eG8xUFivagkC&pg=PA348 |title=The Marrano Factory: The Portuguese Inquisition and Its New Christians 1536-1765 |author=António José Saraiva |publisher=BRILL Academic |year=2001 |isbn=90-04-12080-7|page=348}}
  • March 4 – Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores land in Mexico.Letters of Cortes: The Five Letters of Relation from Fernando Cortes to the Emperor Charles V, ed. by Francis A. McNutt (The Knickerbocker Press, 1908) p.25

= April–June =

  • April 21 (Maundy Thursday) – Hernán Cortés reaches San Juan de Ulúa, and sets foot the next day (Good Friday) on the beach of modern-day Veracruz.{{cite book|url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/historia-verdadera-de-la-conquista-de-la-nueva-espana-tomo-i--0/html/481f665e-69c1-4064-9d6a-6333c5711ecc_150.htm|title=Historia Verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España|first=Bernal|last=Díaz del Castillo|chapter=Chapter 38}}
  • May 4 – Giulio de' Medici, who will later become Pope Clement VII becomes the Duke of the Florentine Republic upon the death of his father, Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino.{{cite encyclopedia |title=Clement VII |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Volume 5| year=1905 |publisher=The Werner Company |location=Akron, Ohio |id=05015678}}
  • June 27 – The Leipzig Debate begins at the Pleissenburg lecture hall in the German city of Leipzig in Saxony, as Martin Luther defends his ideas on the Protestant Reformation against challenges by Johann Eck, the German leader of the anti-Reformation movement.{{citation |last= Kittelson |first=James |title= Luther the Reformer |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=GJHYAAAAMAAJ |access-date= 2012-11-18 |year= 1986 |publisher= Augsburg Publishing House |location= Minneapolis |pages=111–112 |isbn= 978-0-80662240-8}} While there, he is challenged to a theological debate by Johann Eck, the German leader of the anti-Reformation movement. The debate lasts until July 15 and gains new followers to Luther's theology.
  • June 28 – King Carlos I of Spain is elected as the new Holy Roman Emperor and takes the regnal name of Charles V. He will reign until 1556).

= July–September =

  • July 4 – Martin Luther joins the debate regarding papal authority, against Johann Eck at Leipzig.
  • July 10 – The Prince of Ning rebellion begins, after Zhu Chenhao declares the Ming dynasty's Zhengde Emperor a usurper, and leads his army north in an attempt to capture Nanjing.
  • July 26 – King Charles of Spain issues a royal order prohibiting navigator Rui Faleiro from participating in the Magellan expedition, after Portugal's ambassador to Spain reports that Faleiro is suffering from a nervous breakdown.{{Citation |last=Bergreen |first=Laurence |author-link=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe |publisher=William Morrow |year=2003 |page=53 |isbn=978-0-06-093638-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg }}
  • August 10 – The Magellan expedition departs from Seville in Spain.{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Spice Islands (Moluccas): 250 Years of Maps (1521–1760) |url=https://library.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/spice-islands/spice-islands-maps.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315154042/https://library.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/spice-islands/spice-islands-maps.html |archive-date=March 15, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=library.princeton.edu |publisher=Princeton University Library}}
  • August 15 – Panama City is founded by Spanish conquistador Pedro Arias Dávila.{{cite book|access-date=March 20, 2011 |title=Pedrarias Dávila Escrito por María del Carmen Mena García. |date=1992 |publisher=Universidad de Sevilla |isbn=978-84-7405-834-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o9qselEBMysC&dq=Panam%C3%A1+primera+ciudad+del+pac%C3%ADfico&pg=PA117}}
  • August 20 – Ming Dynasty Chinese philosopher and general Wang Yangming, governor of Jiangxi, defeats Zhu Chenhao, ending the Prince of Ning rebellion. Wang has expressed the intention of using fo–lang–ji cannons in suppressing the rebellion, probably the earliest reference in China to the breech-loading Frankish culverin.
  • September 20 – Ferdinand Magellan departs from Spain with a fleet of five ships and a crew of 270 men, to sail westbound to the Spice Islands.

= October–December =

  • October 12 – Hernán Cortés and his men, accompanied by 3,000 Tlaxcalans, enter Cholula.
  • November 8 – Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec Empire, and appears at the court of Aztec ruler Moctezuma II.Hassig, Ross. Mexico and the Spanish Conquest. Longman Group UK Limited, 1994, pp. 82, 86
  • December 6 – The Magellan expedition reaches the South American coast.{{cite web|title=The European Voyages of Exploration: Ferdinand Magellan |url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/magellan.html |publisher=University of Calgary |year=1997 |access-date=July 28, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917033900/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/magellan.html |archive-date=September 17, 2008 }}
  • December 11 – At Toruń, the members of the Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland vote to approve a war against the Teutonic Knights and to assess new taxes to recruit mercenary troops.Marian Biskup, Wojna pruska, czyli walka zbrojna Polski z Zakonem Krzyżackim z lat 1519–1521 (The Prussian War, or the armed struggle of Poland against the Teutonic Order in the years 1519–1521), Olsztyn, 1991

= Date unknown =

  • The first civil revolt in Anatolia takes place, led by Alevi preacher Celâl.
  • The Spanish invade Barbados.
  • Spanish conquistador and founder of Panama City, Gaspar de Espinosa, sails up the Pacific coast from Panama to Nicaragua, landing at the Gulf of Nicoya.{{cite book|last=Stanislawski|first=Dan|year=1983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0kjW1E6ljU4C|title=The Transformation of Nicaragua 1519–1548|series=Ibero-Americana|volume=54|location=Berkeley; Los Angeles|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-09680-0}}
  • Havana moves from the southern to the northern part of Cuba.
  • A large pandemic spreads from the Greater Antilles into Central America, and perhaps as far as Peru in South America. This widespread epidemic kills off much of the indigenous populations in these areas (the first widely documented epidemic in the New World).{{cite book|first=Alfred W.|last=Crosby, Jr.|title=The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492}}
  • Central Mexico Amerindians' population reaches 25.3 million.
  • The Mexican Indian Wars begin.
  • Cacao comes to Europe.
  • St. Olaf's Church, Tallinn is completed in Estonia.
  • The first recorded fatal accident involving a gun in England is recorded at Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire.

Births

File:Workshop of Lucas Cranach (II) - Isabella R. Hungariæ (Czartoryski Museum).jpg]]

File:Catherine, Duchess of Suffolk by Hans Holbein the Younger.jpg]]

File:Catherine-de-medici.jpg]]

File:MarieBrandKulmPfalz.JPG]]

Deaths

File:Albrecht Dürer - Portrait of Maximilian I - Google Art Project.jpg]]

File:LEONARDO.JPG]]

References

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