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1580

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File:Batalha de Alcântara.jpg: Battle of Alcântara]]

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{{Year article header|1580}}

Events

File:Bookofconcord.jpg: The Book of Concord is published.]]

= January–March =

= April–June =

  • April 6 – The Dover Straits earthquake occurs.{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=160–162|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}
  • April 9 – English Fury at Mechelen: English and Scottish mercenaries, assisting the Dutch Republic, storm the Spanish Netherlands city of Mechelen (in modern-day Belgium), killing 60 civilians and plundering the town's houses and churches.J.D. Tracy, The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588 (Oxford University Press, 2008) pp.157-158
  • May 29 – Stephen Báthory is formally crowned as Grand Duke of Lithuania at the Vilnius Cathedral.Jūratė Kiaupienė and ; Ingė Lukšaitė, Lietuvos Istorija (in Lithuanian), Vol. V: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė 1529–1588 metais ("The Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the years 1529–1588") (Baltos Lankos, 2013). pp. 264
  • May – The Lipizzan stud is established by Charles II, Archduke of Austria.
  • June 5 – In the Kingdom of Golconda (part of the modern-day Indian state of Telangana), 15-year-old Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah is proclaimed as the new Sultan upon the death of his father, Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali.
  • June 9 – Rebels of the Dutch Union of Utrecht, aided by French soldiers, make a surprise attack on the Spanish Netherlands city of Diest in the Duchy of Brabant, and overwhelm the strategic location, now in Belgium, in one day.Edouard Van Even, Geschiedenis der stad Diest ("History of the city of Diest") (Drukkery van Ad. Havermans, 1847), p.172
  • June 11 – Within the Viceroyalty of Peru in South America Spanish explorer Juan de Garay founds the first permanent Spanish settlement at what is now the capital of Argentina, on the Rio de la Plata. Garay, who came on an expedition down the Paraná River from Asunción (now in Paraguay), arrives at the site of the failed Spanish settlement of Ciudad de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre, that had been created by Pedro de Mendoza in 1536 and abandoned in 1542. Garay names the new settlement "Santísima Trinidad" but the city eventually takes the name of the port, which he calls "Puerto de Santa María de los Buenos Aires."[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024201506/http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/ciudad/historico/calendario/destacado.php?menu_id=23203&ide=44 "11 de Junio de 1580: Segunda fundación de Buenos Aires", Calendario Histórico, BuenosAires.gov.ar]
  • June 21 (8 Cemazi ul-evvel 988 AH) – England signs a commercial treaty with the Ottoman Empire, and Sultan Murad III sends a letter to Queen Elizabeth I informing her, "Just as the merchants of Poland and France and Venice come and go, the merchants of your domain also shall bring wares to our Well-Protected Domains and take away wares."Viorel Panaite, Ottoman Law of War and Peace: The Ottoman Empire and Its Tribute-Payers from the North of the Danube (Brill, 2019) p.335 In return, Murad III is able to purchase English metals (iron, brass and tin) for his war with Persia.{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/230 230–233]}}
  • June 25 – The Book of Concord, a collection of Lutheran confessional documents, is published.

= July–September =

= October–December =

  • October 4 – Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza, the Spanish Count of Coruña, arrives in Mexico City to take office as the Viceroy of New Spain, administering Mexico and Central America on behalf of King Philip II.Fernando Orozco Linares, Gobernantes de México (Panorama Editorial, 1985)
  • October 15 (5th waning of Tazaungmon 942 ME) – King Bayinnaung of Bruma dispatches a naval force of 200 ships and 8,000 soldiers to invade the Kingdom of Mrauk U (now in the Rakhine State of Myanmar), but the attempt fails after a year. Burmese troops are ordered withdrawn after Bayinnaung dies and is succeeded by his son Nanda Bayin.Maha Yazawin, Vol. 3 (Ya-Pyei Publishing, 2006) p.71
  • October 18 – The Siege of Steenwijk in the Dutch Republic is started by the Spanish Netherlands. The siege will last four months and the Spanish troops will capture Steenwijk on February 23.
  • October 24 – The War of the Portuguese Succession comes to an end as Spanish forces crush the final Portuguese resistance in the last stronghold in mainland Portugal, Porto. For the next 60 years, Portugal will be ruled by the Kings of Spain.
  • November 10 – Second Desmond Rebellion: The Siege of Smerwick (now Ard na Caithne in County Kerry, Ireland) ends after three days when their commander surrenders to the English. Members of a group of at least 400 freelance soldiers, and perhaps as many as 700, for the Papal States are summarily executed on orders of the English Lord Deputy of Ireland, Baron Grey de Wilton.Tony Pollard and Iain Banks, Scorched Earth: Studies in the Archaeology of Conflict (Brill, 2007) p.222
  • December 31 – James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, formerly the regent for King James VI of Scotland, is arrested during a meeting of Scotland's Privy Council at Holyrood on the accusation of James Stewart, Earl of Arran that the Earl of Morton had participated in the 1567 murder of Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots and father of King James.George R. Hewitt, Scotland under Morton 1572-80 (John Donald Publishing, 1982), pp.76-77 Morton is taken to Dumbarton Castle and convicted of conspiracy to murder, and executed on June 2.

= Date unknown =

  • The Billy Mitchell volcano, on the island of Bougainville, undergoes a catastrophic eruption (VEI 6).
  • The first session of the Jewish Vaad (Council of Four Lands) is held in Lublin, Poland; 70 delegates of Jewish local qahals meet to discuss taxation, and other issues important to Jewish communities.
  • The Old City of Zamość is established in Poland, by Jan Zamoyski.
  • The 1580 influenza pandemic sweeps the world, starting in Asia and moving rapidly through Africa, Europe, and eventually the Americas. More than 10% of the population of Rome dies, and whole towns in Spain are depopulated.{{cite journal|last=Beveridge|first=W.I.B.|date=1991|title=The Chronicle of Influenza Epidemics|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23331022|journal=History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences|volume=13|issue=2|pages=223–234|jstor=23331022|pmid=1724803|language=en}}
  • In Southern India, Ibrahim Adil Shah II becomes the new Sultan of Bijapur upon the death of his father, Ali Adil Shah I.{{cite book|last1 = Mitchell|first1 = George|first2 = Mark |last2 = Zebrowski|title = Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates (The New Cambridge History of India Vol. I:7)|publisher = Cambridge University Press| year=1999| location=Cambridge| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ju1XvgAACAAJ| isbn=0-521-56321-6|pages=13–14}}

Births

File:Thomas Middleton.jpg]]

File:Quevedo (copia de Velázquez).jpg]]

Deaths

File:Cardeal D. Henrique, cópia de original de c. 1590.jpg]]

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File:Alonso Sánchez Coello 003.jpg]]

References

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