1834

File:German unified 1815 1871.svg: The Zollverein abolishes customs charges at the borders between its member states, beginning the process of German Unification.]]

File:The Palace of Westminster on Fire, 1834.JPG: Both houses of the British Parliament are destroyed by a fire at Westminster.]]

Events

= January–March =

January 1 – Zollverein (Germany): Customs charges are abolished at borders within its member states.
January 3 – The government of Mexico imprisons Stephen F. Austin in Mexico City.
January – The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina.{{cite web|url=https://www.carolana.com/NC/Transportation/railroads/nc_rrs_wilmington_raleigh.html|work=North Carolina Railroads|title=Wilmington & Raleigh Railroad|access-date=2021-01-16}}
February 3 – Wake Forest University is founded as the Wake Forest Manual Labor Institute in Wake Forest, North Carolina.{{cite web|url=https://about.wfu.edu/history/|work=Wake Forest University|title=About Wake Forest|access-date=2024-12-17}}
February 12 – Freed American slaves from Maryland form a settlement in Cape Palmas, it is named the Republic of Maryland.
February 13 – Robert Owen organizes the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union in the United Kingdom.G. D. H. Cole, Attempts at General Union (Taylor & Francis, 2010) p122
March 6 – York, Upper Canada, is incorporated as Toronto.
March 11 – The United States Survey of the Coast is transferred to the Department of the Navy.
March 14 – John Herschel discovers the open cluster of stars now known as NGC 3603, observing from the Cape of Good Hope.{{cite journal|last=Sher|first=D.|title=The Curious History of NGC 3603|journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada|volume=59|page=76|year=1965|bibcode=1965JRASC..59...67S}}
March 28 – Andrew Jackson is censured by the United States Congress (expunged in 1837).
March – John Scott Russell's Scottish Steam Carriage Company begins operating a regular passenger service in west central Scotland on the open road between Glasgow and Paisley, Renfrewshire.

= April–June =

April 10 – The LaLaurie mansion in New Orleans burns, and Madame Marie Delphine LaLaurie flees to France.
April 14 – The Whig Party is officially named by United States Senator Henry Clay.
April 22 – Spain, France, Portugal and the United Kingdom sign the Quadruple Alliance.
May 9 – The founder of the Second Saudi State, Imam Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud, is assassinated after the Friday prayers by Ibrahim Hamza, following the orders of his cousin Mishari.
May 19 – The Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–35) erupts in Egyptian-ruled Ottoman Syria, encompassing peasant uprisings in Palestine and Transjordan, at Galilee and Hauran and at the Syrian coast; the rebellions are suppressed with harsh military response leading to thousands of deaths and mostly subdued by August, though the Syrian coast uprising lasts until early 1835.
June 7 – Greek independence: General Theodoros Kolokotronis is sentenced to death for treason, for resisting the rule of Otto of Greece (he is released the following year).
June 21 – American inventor and businessman Cyrus McCormick is granted a patent for his mechanical reaper.

= July–September =

July 7–10 – Anti-abolitionist riots break out in New York City.
July 8 – Imam Faisal bin Turki enters Riyadh and upon entering his father's palace, assassinates his father's murderer, Ibrahim Hamza, and his master; Mishari, and becomes the ruler and founder of the Second Saudi State.
July 15 – The Spanish Inquisition, which began in the 15th century, is suppressed by royal decree.
July 16 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne succeeds Earl Grey as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
July 24 – The Liberal Wars end in Portugal.
July 29 – The Office of Indian Affairs is organized in the United States.

File:Emancipation of Slaves 1834 monument - Victoria Tower Gardens - Millbank - Westminster - London - 24042004.jpg in London, celebrating the emancipation of slaves.]]

August 1
Slavery is abolished in the British Empire, by the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
Construction work begins on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull.{{Cite web|last=Kitching|first=Sophie|date=9 February 2018|title=The bizarre reason this Hull landmark was moved 82 years ago|url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/history/bizarre-reason-hull-landmark-moved-1176719|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302144359/https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/history/bizarre-reason-hull-landmark-moved-1176719|archive-date=2 March 2021|access-date=1 October 2021|website=Hull Daily Mail|publisher=Trinity Mirror|language=en}}
August 11–12 – Ursuline Convent riots: A convent of Ursuline nuns is burned near Boston.
August 12 – In the Empire of Brazil, the Additional Act provides for establishment of the Provincial Legislative Assembly, extinction of the State Council, replacement of the Regency Trina, and introduction of a direct and secret ballot.
August 14 – The Poor Law Amendment Act in the United Kingdom states that no able-bodied British man can receive assistance, unless he enters a workhouse (a kind of poorhouse).
August 15 – The South Australia Act allows for the creation of a colony there.
September 11 – The emigrant ship Sybelle out of Cromarty (Scotland) is wrecked off St. Paul Island (Nova Scotia) with the loss of all 316 passengers and all but six of her crew.{{cite news|title=Shipping Intelligence|newspaper=Liverpool Mercury|date=24 October 1834|issue=1225}}
September 13 – The Gleaner newspaper is first published in Jamaica.
September 18 – Athens becomes Greece's capital city.

= October–December =

October 16 – The Palace of Westminster is destroyed by fire, along with both the House of Commons and the House of Lords (which are not in session) of the British Parliament. An investigation later traces the disaster to an order from the Exchequer to the Board of Works to destroy the tally sticks that had been stored as part of record keeping, the use of the furnaces beneath the House of Lords to carry out the task, and the failure of authorities to stop the work or to fight the fire after smoke had first been detected, the conclusion being that the fire was "wholly attributable to carelessness and negligence.""Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp74-75
November 14 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne becomes the last Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to be dismissed by the British monarch. King William IV temporarily appoints Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, to form a caretaker government.Michael S. Patridge, The Duke of Wellington, 1769-1852: A Bibliography (Greenwood Publishing, 1990) p129Rory Muir, Wellington: Waterloo and the Fortunes of Peace 1814-1852 (Yale University Press, 2013) pp439-440
December 3 – The Zollverein institutes the first regular census in Germany. The population is 23,478,120.
December 10 – Sir Robert Peel succeeds The Duke of Wellington as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
December 11 – The Sixth Xhosa War is characterized by severe clashes between white settlers and Bantu peoples in Cape Colony; Dutch-speaking settlers colonize the area north of Orange River.

= Date unknown =

The British East India Company monopoly on China trade ends. It appoints a Tea Committee to assess the potential of Assam tea.
The Medical School of Louisiana (later Tulane University) is founded in New Orleans.
Charles Babbage begins the conceptual design of the Analytical Engine, a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer. It will not be built in his lifetime.{{cite book|first=Anthony|last=Hyman|author-link=R. Anthony Hyman|title=Charles Babbage: Pioneer of the Computer|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1982|isbn=0-19-858170-X}}{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/computing_and_data_processing/1878-3.aspx|title=Babbage's Analytical Engine, 1834-1871 (Trial model)|publisher=Science Museum, London|access-date=2010-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920230519/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/computing_and_data_processing/1878-3.aspx|archive-date=September 20, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}
Thomas Davenport, inventor of the first American DC electrical motor, installs his motor in a small model car, creating one of the first electric cars.
The Romanian language is banned in the schools and government facilities of the Russian Empire's Bessarabia Governorate.{{cite book|last=Stoica|first=Vasile|title=The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands|year=1919|publisher=Pittsburgh Printing Company|page=31 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7314/view/1/31/}}
Statue of Jean-Jacques Rousseau is erected in his birthplace of Geneva.

Births

= January–June =

File:Die Gartenlaube (1866) b 557.jpg

File:Gottlieb Daimler 1890s2.jpg.]]

January 7 – Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist, inventor (d. 1874)
January 15 – Samuel Arza Davenport, American politician (d. 1911)
January 17 – August Weismann, German evolutionary biologist (d. 1914)
January 20 – Piet Joubert, Boer politician, military commander (d. 1900)
January 25 – Alina Frasa, Finnish ballerina (d. 1899)
February 6 – Edwin Klebs, German-Swiss pathologist who discovered Diphtheria (d. 1913)
February 8 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (d. 1907)
February 9 – Felix Dahn, German author (d. 1912)
February 16 – Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist, philosopher (d. 1919)
February 19 – Charles Davis Lucas, British Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1914)
February 27 – Charles C. Carpenter, American admiral (d. 1899)
March 5 – Félix de Blochausen, 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1915)
March 16 – Sir James Hector, Scottish geologist (d. 1907){{cite book |last1=Dell |first1=R.K. |title=Dictionary of New Zealand Biography |date=1990 |publisher=Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1h15/hector-james |access-date=13 October 2021 |chapter=Hector, James}}
March 17 – Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer, inventor (d. 1900)
March 20 – Charles W. Eliot, American President of Harvard University (d. 1926)
March 23 – Julius Reubke, German composer (d. 1858)
March 24
John Wesley Powell, American explorer (d. 1902)
William Morris, English poet, artist (d. 1896)
April 2 – Paškal Buconjić, Herzegovinian Catholic bishop (d. 1910)
April 26 – Artemus Ward, American humorist (d. 1867)
May 20 – Albert Niemann, German chemist (d. 1861)
May 23 – Carl Heinrich Bloch, Danish sculptor (d. 1890)
June 19 – Charles Spurgeon, English Baptist preacher (d. 1892)

= July–December =

File:Whistler Selbstporträt.jpg]]

File:Edgar Degas self portrait 1855.jpeg]]

File:Aleksis Kivi.jpg]]

July 2 – Hendrick Peter Godfried Quack, Dutch economist, historian (d. 1917)
July 4 – Christopher Dresser, British designer influential in the Anglo-Japanese style (d. 1904){{cite book|last=Whiteway|first=Michael|title=Christopher Dresser: A Design Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GjdJAQAAIAAJ|year=2004|publisher=V&A Publications|location=London|isbn=978-1-85177-428-9}}
July 10 – James McNeill Whistler, American painter, etcher (d. 1903)
July 19 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
July 2 – Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor (d. 1904)
July 27 – Miguel Grau Seminario, Peruvian admiral (d. 1879)
August 4 – John Venn, British mathematician (d. 1923)
August 22 – Samuel Pierpont Langley, American astronomer, physicist, and aeronautics pioneer (d. 1906)
August 31 – Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer (d. 1886)
Heinrich von Treitschke (15 September 1834 – 28 April 1896) German historian, political writer, and National Liberal member of the Reichstag during the time of the German Empire.
September 17 – Robert Simpson, Scottish-Canadian businessman (d. 1897)
September 28 – William Montrose Graham Jr., American general (d. 1916)
September 30 – Louis P. Mouillard, French artist, aviation pioneer (d. 1897)
October 6 – Walter Kittredge, American composer (d. 1905)
October 10 – Aleksis Kivi, Finnish national author (d. 1872){{Britannica|319741|Aleksis Kivi}}
November 8 – Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner, German astrophysicist (d. 1882)
November 13 – Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, Mexican writer (d. 1893)
November 19 – Georg Hermann Quincke, German physicist (d. 1924)
November 21 – Hetty Green, American businesswoman (d. 1916)
November 28 – Sophronia Farrington Naylor Grubb, American activist (d. 1902)
December 16 – Léon Walras, French economist (d. 1910)
December 24 – Augustus George Vernon Harcourt, English chemist (d. 1919)