CPU socket
{{Short description|Circuit board-microprocessor connection}}
File:AM5 Socket Open.jpg, a land grid array socket]]
File:Socket AM2.jpg, a pin grid array socket]]
In computer hardware, a CPU socket or CPU slot contains one or more mechanical components providing mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit board (PCB). This allows for placing and replacing the central processing unit (CPU) without soldering.
Common sockets have retention clips that apply a constant force, which must be overcome when a device is inserted. For chips with many pins, zero insertion force (ZIF) sockets are preferred. Common sockets include pin grid array (PGA) or land grid array (LGA). These designs apply a compression force once either a handle (PGA type) or a surface plate (LGA type) is put into place. This provides superior mechanical retention while avoiding the risk of bending pins when inserting the chip into the socket. Certain devices use Ball Grid Array (BGA) sockets, although these require soldering and are generally not considered user replaceable.
CPU sockets are used on the motherboard in desktop and server computers. Because they allow easy swapping of components, they are also used for prototyping new circuits. Laptops typically use surface-mount CPUs, which take up less space on the motherboard than a socketed part.
As the pin density increases in modern sockets, increasing demands are placed on the printed circuit board fabrication technique, which permits the large number of signals to be successfully routed to nearby components. Likewise, within the chip carrier, the wire bonding technology also becomes more demanding with increasing pin counts and pin densities. Each socket technology will have specific reflow soldering requirements. As CPU and memory frequencies increase, above 30 MHz or thereabouts, electrical signalling increasingly shifts to differential signaling over parallel buses, bringing a new set of signal integrity challenges. The evolution of the CPU socket amounts to a coevolution of all these technologies in tandem.
Modern CPU sockets are almost always designed in conjunction with a heat sink mounting system, or in lower power devices, other thermal considerations.
Function
A CPU socket is made of plastic, and often comes with a lever or latch, and with metal contacts for each of the pins or lands on the CPU. Many packages are keyed to ensure the proper insertion of the CPU. CPUs with a PGA (pin grid array) package are inserted into the socket and, if included, the latch is closed. CPUs with an LGA (land grid array) package are inserted into the socket, the latch plate is flipped into position atop the CPU, and the lever is lowered and locked into place, pressing the CPU's contacts firmly against the socket's lands and ensuring a good connection, as well as increased mechanical stability.
List
=80x86=
Table legend:
{{legend|#cdf|Intel only}}
{{legend|#fdc|AMD only}}
class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 100%;" |
style="width:8em" | Socket name ! style="width:2em" | Year of introduction ! style="width:14em" |CPU families supported ! Computer type ! Package ! data-sort-type="number" | Pin count ! Pin pitch ! style="width:18em" | Notes |
---|
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| DIP | 1970s | | DIP | 40 | 2.54 | 5/10 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| PLCC | ? | Intel 80186 | | PLCC | 68 to 132 | 1.27 | 6–40 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top;
! style="text-align:left;| PGA 168 | ? | Intel 80486 | | PGA | 168 | 2.54 | 16–50 MHz | Sometimes referred to as Socket 0 or Socket 486 |
style="vertical-align:top;
! style="text-align:left;| Socket 1 | 1989 | Intel 80486 | | PGA | 169 | 2.54 | 16–50 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; "
! style="text-align:left;| Socket 2 | ? | Intel 80486 | | PGA | 238 | 2.54 | 16–50 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 3 | 1991 | Intel 80486 | | PGA | 237 | 2.54 | 16–50 MHz{{efn|name="66MHz486"}} | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 4 | 1993 | Intel Pentium | | PGA | 273 | ? | 60–100 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 5 | 1994 | Intel Pentium | | PGA | 320 | ? | 50–100 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 6 | ? | Intel 80486 | | PGA | 235 | ? | ? | Designed but not used |
valign="top"
! style="text-align:left;" | Socket 463/ | 1994 | | PGA | 463 | ? | 37.5–66 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 7 | 1994 | Intel Pentium | | PGA | 321 | ? | 50–66 MHz | It is possible to use Socket 7 processors in a Socket 5. An adapter is required, or if one is careful, a socket 7 can be pulled off its pins and put onto a socket 5 board, allowing the use of socket 7 processors. |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 8 | 1995 | Intel Pentium Pro | | PGA | 387 | ? | 60–66 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Slot 1 | 1997 | Intel Pentium II | Desktop | Slot | 242 | ? | 66–133 MHz | Celeron (Covington, Mendocino) |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;| Super Socket 7 | 1998 | AMD K6-2 | | PGA | 321 | ? | 66–100 MHz | Backward compatible with Socket 5 and Socket 7 processors. |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Slot 2 | 1998 | Intel Pentium II Xeon | Server | Slot | 330 | ? | 100–133 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;" | Socket 615 | 1999 | Intel Mobile Pentium II | Notebook | PGA | 615 | ? | 66 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Slot A | 1999 | AMD Athlon | Desktop | Slot | 242 | ? | 100 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 370 | 1999 | Intel Pentium III | Desktop | PGA | 370 | 66–133 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket A/ | 2000 | AMD Athlon | Desktop | PGA | 462 | ? | 100–200 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 423 | 2000 | Intel Pentium 4 | Desktop | PGA | 423 | 100 MHz | Willamette core only. |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 495 | 2000 | Intel Celeron | Notebook | PGA | 495 | 66–133 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 603 | 2001 | Intel Xeon | Server | PGA | 603 | 100–133 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 478/ | 2001 | Intel Pentium 4 | Desktop | PGA | 478 | 100–200 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket 563 | 2002 | AMD Athlon XP-M | Notebook | PGA | 563 | ? | 333 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 604 | 2002 | Intel Xeon | Server | PGA | 604 | 100–266 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket 754 | 2003 | AMD Athlon 64 | Desktop | PGA | 754 | 200–800 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket 940 | 2003 | AMD Opteron | Desktop | PGA | 940 | 200–1000 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket 479 | 2003 | Intel Pentium M | Notebook | PGA | 479CPU only has 478 pins, but the socket has 479. | ? | 100–133 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket 939 | 2004 | AMD Athlon 64 | Desktop | PGA | 939 | 200–1000 MHz | Support of Athlon 64 FX to 1 GHz |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 775/ | 2004 | Intel Pentium 4 | Desktop | LGA | 775 | 1600 MHz | Can accept LGA 771 CPU with slight modification and use of an adapter |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket M | 2006 | Intel Core Solo | Notebook | PGA | 478 | ? | 133–166 MHz | Replaces Socket 479 |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 771/ | 2006 | Intel Xeon | Server | LGA | 771 | 1600 MHz | See LGA 775/Socket T above |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket S1 | 2006 | AMD Turion 64 X2 | Notebook | PGA | 638 | 200–800 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket AM2 | 2006 | AMD Athlon 64 | Desktop | PGA | 940 | 200–1000 MHz | Replaces Socket 754 and Socket 939 |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket F/ | 2006 | AMD Athlon 64 FX | Desktop | LGA | 1207 | Socket L: 1000 MHz in Single CPU mode, | Replaces Socket 940 |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket AM2+ | 2007 | AMD Athlon 64 | Desktop | PGA | 940 | 200–2600 MHz | Separated power planes |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| Socket P | 2007 | Intel Core 2 | Notebook | PGA | 478 | ? | 133–266 MHz | Replaces Socket M |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1366/ | 2008 | Intel Core i7 (900 series) | Desktop | LGA | 1366 | ? | 4.8–6.4 GT/s | Replaces Socket J (LGA 771) in the entry level. |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket AM3 | 2009 | AMD Phenom II | Desktop | PGA | 941CPU only has 938 pins, but the socket has 941. or 940AMD Documentation {{cite web |title=Socket AM3 design Specification |url=http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/40523.pdf |website=AMD |access-date=January 5, 2012}} | 200–3200 MHz | Separated power planes |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;" | rPGA 988A/ | 2009 | Intel Clarksfield | Notebook | rPGA | 988 | 1 | 2.5 GT/s | Replaces Socket P |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1156/ | 2009 | Intel Nehalem (1st gen) | Desktop | LGA | 1156 | ? | 2.5 GT/s |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket G34 | 2010 | AMD Opteron (6000 series) | Server | LGA | 1974 | ? | 200–3200 MHz | Replaces Socket F |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket C32 | 2010 | AMD Opteron (4000 series) | Server | LGA | 1207 | ? | 200–3200 MHz | Replaces Socket F, Socket AM3 |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1567/ | 2010 | Intel Xeon 6500/7500-series | Server | LGA | 1567 | ? | 4.8–6.4 GT/s | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1155/ | 2011/Q1 | Intel Sandy Bridge (2nd gen) | Desktop | LGA | 1155 | ? | 5.7 GT/s | used for Intel 2nd generation, 3rd generation processors. Sandy Bridge supports 20 PCIe 2.0 lanes. |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 2011/ | 2011/Q3 | Intel Core i7 3xxx Sandy Bridge-E | Desktop | LGA | 2011 | ? | 4.8–6.4 GT/s | Sandy Bridge-E/EP and Ivy Bridge-E/EP both support 40 PCIe 3.0 lanes. |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| rPGA 988B/ | 2011 | Intel Core i7 | Notebook | rPGA | 988 | 1 | 2.5 GT/s, 4.8 GT/s | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket FM1 | 2011 | AMD Llano Processors | Desktop | PGA | 905 | 1.27 | 5.2 GT/s | used for 1st generation APUs |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket FS1 | 2011 | AMD Llano Processors | Notebook | PGA | 722 | 1.27 | 3.2 GT/s | used for 1st generation Mobile APUs |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket AM3+ | 2011 | AMD FX Vishera{{Broken anchor|date=2024-09-19|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Bulldozer (processor)#2nd Generation Piledriver core|reason= The anchor (2nd Generation Piledriver core) has been deleted.}} | Desktop | PGA | 942 (CPU 71pin) | 1.27 | 3.2 GT/s | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1356/ | 2012 | Intel Xeon (E5 1400 & 2400 series) | Server | LGA | 1356 | ? | 3.2–4.0 GT/s | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket FM2 | 2012 | AMD Trinity Processors | Desktop | PGA | 904 | 1.27 | ? | used for 2nd generation APUs |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1150/ | 2013 | Intel Haswell (4th gen) | Desktop | LGA | 1150 | ? | ? | used for Intel's 4th generation (Haswell/Haswell Refresh), the handful of intel 5th generation processors |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| rPGA 946B/947/ | 2013 | Intel Haswell | Notebook | rPGA | 946 | 1 | 5.0 GT/s | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket FM2+ | 2014 | Desktop | PGA | 906 | 1.27 | ? | Compatible with AMD APUs such as "Richland" and "Trinity" |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket AM1 | 2014 | Desktop | PGA | 721 | 1.27 | ? |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;" | LGA 2011-v3 | 2014 | Desktop | LGA | 2011 | ? | Up to 68 GB/sec. | Up to 40 PCIe 3.0 lanes. |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1151/ | 2015 | Intel Skylake (6th gen) | Desktop | LGA | 1151 | ? | 5 GT/s - 8 GT/s | used for Intel's 6th generation (Skylake), 7th generation (Kaby Lake), 8th generation (Coffee Lake) processors, and 9th generation (Coffee Lake Refresh) processors |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 3647 | 2016 | Intel Xeon Phi | Server | LGA | 3647 | ? | ? | used for Intel's Xeon Phi x200 and Xeon Scalable processors |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket AM4 | 2016 | AMD Athlon Bristol Ridge AMD Athlon Raven Ridge 14nm AMD Athlon Picasso 12nm AMD Ryzen 1000 series AMD Ryzen 2000 series AMD Ryzen 3000 series AMD Ryzen 4000 series AMD Ryzen 5000 series | Desktop | PGA | 1331 | 1 | Depends on DDR4 speed | compatible with AMD Ryzen 9, Ryzen 7, Ryzen 5 & Ryzen 3 Zen based processors |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket SP3 | 2017 | AMD Epyc Naples | Server | LGA | 4094 | ? | Depends on DDR4 speed | compatible with AMD Epyc processors |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket TR4/ | 2017 | AMD Ryzen Threadripper (1000 series) | Desktop | LGA | 4094 | ? | Depends on DDR4 speed | compatible with AMD Ryzen Threadripper processors |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 2066/ | 2017 | Intel Skylake-X | Desktop | LGA | 2066 | ? | ? | Used for Intel's 7th generation (Skylake-X & Kaby Lake-X & Cascade Lake-X) series of Core-X processors |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket sTRX4/ | 2019 | AMD Ryzen Threadripper (3000 series) | Desktop | LGA | 4094 | ? | Depends on DDR4 speed | compatible with 3rd generation AMD Ryzen Threadripper processors |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 4189 | 2020 | Intel Cooper Lake | Desktop | LGA | 4189{{Cite web |title=LGA 4189 Socket and Hardware |url=https://www.mouser.com/pdfDocs/LGA4189.pdf}} | | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1200 | 2020 | Intel Comet Lake (10th gen) | Desktop | LGA | 1200 | | | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1700 | 2021 | Intel Alder Lake (12th gen) Intel Raptor Lake (14th gen) | Desktop | LGA | 1700 | | | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket sWRX8 | 2022 | AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro (5000 series) | Desktop | LGA | 4094 | | | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket AM5 | 2022 | AMD Ryzen 7000 series | Desktop | LGA | 1718 | | | Zen 4 Ryzen CPUs |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket SP5 | 2022 | AMD Epyc Genoa | Server | LGA | 6096 | | | Used for Epyc Genoa and Milan |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 4677 | 2022 | Intel Sapphire Rapids | Server | LGA | 4677 | | | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket SP6 | 2023 | AMD Epyc Siena | Server | LGA | 4844 | | | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#fdc;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#fdc;"| Socket sTR5 | 2023 | AMD Ryzen Threadripper | Desktop | LGA | 4844 | | | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 1851 | 2024 | Intel Meteor Lake-PS (Core Ultra Series 1) | Desktop | LGA | 1851 | | | |
style="vertical-align:top; background:#cdf;"
! style="text-align:left; background:#cdf;"| LGA 7529 | 2024 | Intel Sierra Forest | Server | LGA | 7529 | | | |
style="width:8em" | Socket name ! style="width:4em" | Year of introduction ! style="width:12em" | CPU families supported ! Computer type ! Package ! Pin count ! Pin pitch ! style="width:18em" | Notes |
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name="dbl rate"|This is a double data rate bus. FSB in the later models.}}
{{efn|name="66MHz486"|Some late model Socket 3 motherboards unofficially supported FSB speeds up to 66MHz}}
}}
=Other [[Instruction set architecture|ISAs]]=
class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align: center; width: 100%;" |
style="width:8em" | Socket name ! style="width:4em" | Year of introduction ! style="width:12em" |CPU families supported ! Computer type ! Package ! data-sort-type="number" | Pin count ! Pin pitch ! style="width:18em" | Notes |
---|
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| Daughter Card | 1995 | PowerPC 601+ | Desktop | Slot | 146 | ? | 40-60 Hz | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 288 | ? | PowerPC 603+ | Desktop | PGA | 288 | ? | 40-60 Hz | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 431 | 1995 | Desktop | PGA | 431 | ? | 12.5–66.67 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| Socket 499 | 1997 | Desktop | PGA | 499 | ? | 15–100 MHz | |
style="text-align:left;" | Socket 587
| 1998 | Alpha 21264 | Desktop | PGA | 587 | ? | 12.5–133 MHz | |
style="text-align:left;" | Slot B
| 1999 | Desktop | Slot | 587 | ? | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| PAC418 | 2001 | Intel Itanium | Server | PGA | 418 | ? | 133 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| PAC611 | 2002 | Intel Itanium 2 | Server | PGA | 611 | ? | 200 MHz | |
style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left;"| LGA 1248 | 2010 | Intel Itanium 9300-series and up | Server | LGA | 1248 | ? | 4.8-6.4 GT/s | |
style="width:8em" | Socket name ! style="width:4em" | Year of introduction ! style="width:12em" | CPU families supported ! Computer type ! Package ! Pin count ! Pin pitch ! style="width:18em" | Notes |
Slotkets
Slotkets are special adapters for using socket processors in bus-compatible slot motherboards.
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- [http://www.cpushack.net/SocketID.html Socket ID Guide up to 2005]
- [http://pclinks.xtreemhost.com/ CPU Sockets Chart] - A fairly detailed table listing x86 Sockets and associated attributes.
- [http://www.techpowerup.com/cpudb/ techPowerUp! CPU Database]
- [http://www.cpu-world.com/Sockets/index.html Processor sockets]
{{Early CPU sockets}}
{{Intel CPU sockets}}
{{AMD CPU sockets}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cpu Socket}}