Comparison of operating systems#Technical information

! scope="col" | Creator

! scope="col" | Initial public release

! scope="col" | Predecessor

! scope="col" | Current stable version

! scope="col" | Release date

! scope="col" | Cost, availability

! scope="col" | Preferred license

! scope="col" | Target system type

| IBM

| 1986

| UNIX System V Release 3

| 7.3

| {{dts|June 20, 2022}}

| {{Nonfree|Commercial}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server, NAS, workstation

| IBM

| 1989

| IX/370

| Release 2.1?

| {{date table sorting|Feb 22, 1991}}

| {{Nonfree}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| IBM System/370

AIX/ESA V1 & V2

| IBM

| 1992

| AIX/370, OSF/1

| Version 2 Release 2

| {{date table sorting|Feb 26, 1993}}

| {{Nonfree}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| ESA/370
IBM System/390

| Commodore International, Haage & Partner, Hyperion Entertainment

| 1985

| TRIPOS (as the disk operating component of AmigaOS)

| 3.2.2.1

| {{dts|April 23, 2023}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware up to version 3.0 (Amiga International hardware came with 3.1); versions 2.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.5, 3.9 and the more recent 3.2 (2021) also available as separate packages}}

| {{Proprietary}}, open source clone available under AROS Public License

| Workstation, personal computer

| Hyperion Entertainment

| 2004

| AmigaOS classic

| 4.1 Final Edition Update 2.1

| {{dts|2021-01-12}}

| {{Nonfree|4.0 bundled with hardware; 4.0 for classic and 4.1 available as standalone package at €29}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Workstation, personal computer

| Android, Inc., Google

| 2008

| None

| 15

| {{dts|October 15, 2024}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|AOSP: Apache-2.0
Linux: GPL-2.0-only}}

| Smartphone, tablet computer

| Arca Noae, LLC

| 2017

| OS/2

| 5.1.0

| {{dts|August 27, 2023}}

| {{Nonfree|Personal edition {{US$|139.00}}
Commercial edition {{US$|249.00}}}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server, workstation, personal computer

| Apple Computer, Inc. (now Apple Inc.)

| 1984

| None

| 9.2.2

| {{dts|2000}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Was bundled with 68k and PowerPC Macs;

versions 7.1-9 sold as retail upgrades{{Cite book |last=Pogue |first=David |author-link=David Pogue |url=http://www.toddp.com/classic/Software%20Install/Apple%20Support%20Documents/Macintosh%20Secrets/Mac%20Secrets%204th%20ed./ch06.pdf |title=MacWorld Macintosh Secrets 4th edition - Chapter 6: The System Software Museum |page=225 |date=January 1997 |access-date=2017-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017214028/http://www.toddp.com/classic/Software%20Install/Apple%20Support%20Documents/Macintosh%20Secrets/Mac%20Secrets%204th%20ed./ch06.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-17 |url-status=live}}}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Workstation, personal computer

| Google

| 2011

| none

| 129.0.6668.99

| {{dts|October 1, 2024}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware, 32-bit edition dropped}}

| {{Proprietary}}: Google OS Terms of Service. Open-source core system

| Chromebook, Chromebox, Chromebase and tablet

| Google

| 2009

| none

| Rolling release

| {{dts|October 7, 2021}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|BSD
Linux Kernel GPL-2.0-only}}

| Personal computer

| Matthew Dillon

| 2003

| FreeBSD

| 6.4.0

| {{dts|June 9, 2022}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|BSD}}

| Server, workstation, NAS, embedded system

| Serenity Systems, Mensys BV

| 2001

| OS/2

| 2.1

| {{dts|May 20, 2011}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Commercial}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server, workstation, personal computer

| Psion PLC

| 1996

|

| ER5

| {{dts|1999}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Commercial}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| PDA

| Huawei

| 2021

| None

| V2.0SP8

| 2022

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|Open source}}

| Server, workstation

| The FreeBSD Project

| 1993

| 386BSD

| 14.1

| {{dts|June 4, 2024}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|BSD}}

| Server, workstation, Desktop, NAS, embedded system

| Genode Labs

| 2008

| None

| {{wikidata|property|edit|reference|Q16527380|P348}}

| {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|Q16527380|P348|P577}}}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|AGPL-3.0-only}}

| Desktop, embedded system, server

| Eric Turgeon

| 2009

| FreeBSD

| 21.05{{Cite web|url=https://ghostbsd.org/GhostBSD_21.05.11_ISO_now_available|title=GhostBSD 21.05.11 ISO now available|access-date=2021-06-25}}

| {{dts|May 13, 2021}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|BSD}}

| Desktop, workstation

| Notable contributors include: Richard Stallman for GNU Project and Linus Torvalds for Linux and the Unixes they emulated; Red Hat, Debian Project See: Comparison of Linux distributions and Linux kernel#Development

| 1991 (kernel), See: Comparison of Linux distributions and History of Linux

| None

| {{wikidata|property|edit|reference|Q14579|P548=Q2804309|P348}} (kernel)

| {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|Q14579|P548=Q2804309|P348|P577}}}} (kernel)

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|GPL-2.0-only}} (kernel)

| See: Comparison of Linux distributions

| Haiku Inc.

| 2002

| BeOS R5

| R1/Beta 5

| September 13, 2024

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|MIT}}

| Personal computer

| HP (now Hewlett Packard Enterprise)

| 1976

| None

| H06.24/J06.13

| {{dts|2012}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware?}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| HP Nonstop Servers

| HP (now Hewlett Packard Enterprise)

| 1983

| UNIX System V

| HP-UX 11i v3 2023 / May 2023

| {{dts|May 2022}}

| {{Nonfree|US$400}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server

| Huawei

| 2019

| OpenHarmony, LiteOS

| 5.0.0.102(SP3C00E73R4P17)

| October 23, 2024

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware and updates at no cost given to most existing users, subject to hardware requirements}}

| {{Proprietary}} software except for open-source components

| Internet of things, Smartphone, tablet computer, education, embedded system, smart watches

| IBM

| 1988

| CPF, SSP

| 7.5

| {{dts|May 10, 2022}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server

| Bell Labs

| 1996

| Plan 9

| Fourth Edition

| {{dts|June 30, 2009}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|MIT}}

| NAS, server, embedded

| Apple Inc.

| 2007

| macOS

| 17.1.1

| {{dts|November 7, 2023 }}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware and updates at no cost given to most existing users, subject to hardware requirements}}

| {{Proprietary}} higher level API layers; open source core system (ARM versions): APSL, GNU GPL, others

| Smartphone, music player, tablet

| SGI

| 1988

| UNIX System V

| 6.5.30

| {{dts|2006}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Bundled with hardware}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server, workstation

| IBM

| 1985

| UNIX System V

| Release 1.4?

| {{date table sorting|Sep 25, 1987}}

| {{Nonfree}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| IBM System/370

| Apple Inc.

| 2001

| NeXTSTEP, BSD

| 15.1

| October 28, 2024

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware; No cost for updates and upgrades via Mac App Store for users of Mac OS X 10.6 or later}}

| {{Proprietary}} higher level API layers; open source core system (Apple Silicon-Intel-PowerPC versions): APSL, GNU GPL, others

| Workstation, personal computer, embedded

| Apple Inc.

| 2001

| NeXTSTEP, BSD

| 5.12

| {{dts|May 2, 2021}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Previously bundled with hardware; No longer a separate operating system, but a group of services installed atop any version of macOS Monterey; US$19.99 on the Mac App Store}}

| {{Proprietary}} higher level API layers; open source core system (Intel-PowerPC versions): APSL, GNU GPL, others

| Server

| Unisys

| 1961

| None

| CP OS 20.0

| {{dts|May 2021}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server

| Ville Turjanmaa and others

| 2000

| None

| 1.49.00

| {{dts|2023}}

| OS written in assembly language

| {{open source|GPL or No cost}}

| Workstation

| Andrew S. Tanenbaum

| 2005

| Minix2

| 3.3.0

| {{dts|2014}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|BSD-3-Clause}}

| Workstation

| HP

| 1974

| None

| MPE-V

| {{dts|1988}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Was bundled with HP-3000 CISC hardware "Classic"}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server

| HP

| 1987

| MPE

| 7.5

| {{dts|2002}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Was bundled with HP-3000 PA-RISC hardware}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server

| IBM

| 1972

| OS/360 MVT, SVS

| Release 3.8

| {{dts|1974}}

| {{free|Free (discontinued)}}

| {{open source}}

| IBM System/370

| IBM

| March 1978

| OS/VS2 R3.7 for MVS/SE R1
OS/VS2 R3.8 for MVS/SE R2 through MVS/ESA

| z/OS Version 2.5 (V2R5)

| {{dts|September 30, 2021}}

| {{nonfree|Price tied to processor capacity}}

| {{Proprietary|One Time Charge or monthly}}

| S/370

S/370-XA

S/370-ESA

ESA/390

| The NetBSD Project

| 1993

| 386BSD

| 9.3

| {{dts|August 4, 2022}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|BSD}}

| NAS, server, workstation, embedded

| Novell

| 1985

| S-Net

| 6.5 SP8

| {{dts|May 6, 2009}}

| {{Nonfree|Superseded by Novell Open Enterprise Server; Was {{US$|184|2009}} (one-user)}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server

| NeXT

| 1989

| Unix

| 3.3

| {{dts|1995}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware, then sold separately}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Workstation

| OpenBSD Project

| 1996

| NetBSD 1.0

| 7.4

| {{dts|October 16, 2023}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|ISC}}

| Server, NAS, workstation, embedded

| Many, based on software developed by Sun Microsystems and many others

| 2010

| OpenSolaris

| 2023.04

| {{dts|April 30, 2021}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|CDDL}}

| Server, workstation

| DEC (now VSI)

| 1977

| RSX-11M

| V9.2-3

| {{dts|November 20, 2024}}

| {{Nonfree|Commercial, no cost for non-commercial use}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server, workstation

| Various (OpenAtom Foundation, Huawei and others)

| 2020

| HarmonyOS, LiteOS

| 5.0.0 Release

| September 29, 2024

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|Apache-2.0}}

| Internet of things, embedded system, smart watches, mobile devices, personal computers

|Various (Eclipse Foundation, Huawei and others)

|2021

|None

|4.1

|June 21, 2024

|{{Free|No cost}}

|{{open source|Eclipse License, Apache-2.0}}

|Internet of things, embedded system, smart watches, mobile devices, personal computers

| IBM and Microsoft

| 1987

| MS-DOS

| 4.52

| {{dts|2001}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued (see ArcaOS successor); Was {{US$|300|2001}} }}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Personal computer, server

| IBM

| 1966

| None

| Operating System/360 R21.8

| {{dts|August 1972}}

| {{free|Free (discontinued)}}

| {{open source}}

| S/360
S/370

| IBM

| 1995

| MVS/ESA

| OS/390 version 2 R10

| {{dts|September 29, 2000}}

| {{nonfree|Price tied to processor capacity}}

| {{Proprietary|One Time Charge or monthly}}

| S/390

| Unisys

| 1967 as Exec 8e

| Exec 8, OS 1100

| CP OS 18 (Exec 49.2)

| {{dts|July 18, 2018}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server

| IBM

| {{dts|1972}}

| OS/360 MFT II

| Release 7.0?

|

| {{free|Free (discontinued)}}

| {{n/a}}

| IBM System/370

| IBM

| {{dts|1972}}

| OS/360 MVT

| Release 1.7

|

| {{free|Free (discontinued)}}

| {{n/a}}

| IBM System/370

| Bell Labs

| 1992

| Unix

| Fourth Edition

| {{dts|2003}} (except for minor later updates)

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|MIT{{Cite web|url=https://marc.info/?l=9fans&m=161650489113326|title = '[9fans] Transfer of Plan 9 to the Plan 9 Foundation' - MARC}}}}

| Workstation, server, embedded system, HPC

| QNX Software Systems

| 1982

| Unix, POSIX

| 7.1.0

| {{dts|July 2020}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with BlackBerry 10 and PlayBook devices. Commercial; an academic version exists that needs authorization code before installing}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Automotive, medical, smartphone, consumer, industrial, embedded system, safety

| ReactOS development team

| 1998

| Windows NT (clone of)

| 0.4.14

| {{dts|April 9, 2020}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|GPL-2.0-or-later}}

| Workstation, personal computer

| Jeremy Soller

| 2015

| -

| 0.7.0

| {{dts|April 28, 2022}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|MIT}}

| Desktop, workstation, server

| Acorn Computers

| 1988

| BSD 4.3

| 1.21c

| {{dts|1993}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Workstation

| Acorn Computers

| 1987

| Arthur

| 3.71

| {{dts|1997}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Education, personal computer

| RISCOS Ltd, Pace plc

| 1999

| RISC OS

| 4.39

| {{dts|2004}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware, then sold separately at £70 (US$127)}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Education, personal computer

| Castle Technology, RISC OS Open

| 2002

| RISC OS 4

| 5.28{{cite web |url=https://www.riscosopen.org/news/articles/2020/10/24/risc-os-5-28-now-available |title=RISC OS 5.28 now available |access-date=2020-10-24 |last=Revill |first=Steve |date=24 October 2020 |publisher=RISC OS Open}}

| {{dts|2020}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|Apache-2.0}}

| Education, personal computer

| RISCOS Ltd

| 2006

| RISC OS 4

| 6.20

| {{dts|2009}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware, then sold separately at £70 (US$127)}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Education, personal computer

| Andreas Kling

| 2018

| None

| Continuous integration

| N/A

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|BSD-2-Clause}}

| Workstation, personal computer

| Sun (now Oracle Corporation)

| 1992

| SunOS

| 11.4

| {{dts|August 28, 2018}}

| {{depends|Commercial; (a perpetual license at no cost when used "for the purpose of developing, testing, prototyping and demonstrating your applications"{{cite web|url=http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/licenses/solaris-cluster-express-license-167852.html |title=Oracle Solaris OTN License |publisher=Oracle.com |access-date=2013-10-04}})}}

| {{open source|CDDL}}

| Server, workstation

| BAE Systems

| 2003

| STOP 5, XTS-300

| 8.2

| {{dts|August 2008}}

| {{Nonfree|{{US$|60,000|2008}}+; bundled with XTS hardware and OEM licensed}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server, workstation

| Symbian Ltd.

| 1998

| EPOC32

| 9.5

| {{dts|2009}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued; Commercial}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Phone

| Symbian Foundation

| 2010 (initially 1998 as Symbian)

| Symbian

| 3.0.4

| {{dts|2010}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source|EPL}}

| Embedded system

| Terry Davis

| 2005 (as J Operating System)

| None

| 5.03

| {{dts|2017}}

| {{Free|No cost}}

| {{open source| Public domain}}

| Personal computer

| Digital Equipment Corporation

| January 1992

| OSF/1

| 5.1B-6

| {{dts|October 1, 2010}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Server, workstation, HPC

| ICL

| 1974

| None

| SV294

| {{dts|1994}}

| {{Nonfree|Bundled with hardware}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| ICL mainframe

| 21st Century Software

| 1979 (as DOS/VSE)

| DOS/360
DOS/VS

| 6.3

| {{dts|2022-05-17}}

| {{Nonfree|Monthly license fee}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| IBM Z

| Wind River Systems

| 1987

| VRTX

| 7

| {{dts|March 2014}}

| {{Nonfree|Paid}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Embedded real-time system

| Microsoft

| 1995

| MS-DOS

| Windows Me (Win 4.90.3000)

| {{dts|2000}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Personal computer, media center

| Microsoft

| 1993

| OS/2 and Windows 3.1x

| Windows 11 (version 24H2)

| {{dts|June 15, 2024}}

| {{Nonfree|One time license fee}}

| {{Proprietary}}; Source-available

| Workstation, personal computer, media center, {{nowrap|Tablet PC}}, embedded system

| Microsoft

| 1993

| OS/2

| Windows Server 2025 (version 10.0.26100.2605)

| November 1, 2024

| {{Nonfree|US$1050 5 CALs server; other editions dependent on number of CALs purchased}}

| {{Proprietary}}; Source-available

| Server, NAS, embedded system

| IBM

| 2000

| OS/390

| Version 2.5 (V2R5)

| {{dts|September 30, 2021}}

| {{nonfree|Price tied to processor capacity}}

| {{Proprietary|One Time Charge or monthly}}

| IBM Z

| IBM

| 2000

| VM/ESA

| 7.4

| {{dts|September 20, 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.vm.ibm.com/zvm740/ |title=Introducing IBM z/VM 7.4|date=August 6, 2024 }}

| {{Nonfree|Monthly license fee}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| IBM Z

| yellowTAB

| 2005

| BeOS R5

| 1.5

| {{dts|2007}}

| {{Nonfree|Discontinued}}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Personal computer, media center, workstation

! scope="col" | Computer architectures supported

! scope="col" | File systems supported

! scope="col" | Kernel type

! scope="col" | Source lines of code

! scope="col" |GUI default is on

! scope="col" | Package management

! scope="col" | Update management

! scope="col" | Native APIs

! scope="col" | Non-native APIs supported through subsystems

| POWER, PowerPC-AS, PowerPC, Power ISA

| JFS, JFS2, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, GPFS

| Monolithic with modules

|

| {{No}}

| installp, RPM

| Service Update Management Assistant (SUMA)

| SysV/POSIX

|

| 68k, PowerPC

| Proprietary (OFS, FFS, SFS, PFS), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party drivers, such as SMBFS, etc.

| Microkernel

|

| {{Yes}}

| Installer (almost not needed)

|

| Proprietary

| BSD subset (available through 3rd party ixemul.library)

| PowerPC

| Proprietary (OFS, FFS, SFS, PFS), JXFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party drivers, such as SMBFS, etc.

| Microkernel

|

| {{Yes}}

| Installer (almost not needed)

| [http://www.amiupdate.net/ AmiUpdate] (almost not needed)

| Proprietary

| BSD subset (available through 3rd party ixemul.library)

| IA-32

| JFS (default), HPFS, ISO 9660, UDF, FAT32, NTFS

| Hybrid

|

| {{Yes}}

| ANPM (based on YUM and RPM)

| Update Facility

| OS/2

| POSIX, Win16, DOS, Win32, Java

| ARM, IA-32, x86-64

| eCryptfs, NTFS, FAT, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, ext2, ext3, ext4, HFS+, MTP (read and write), ISO9660 (read-only), UDF (read-only)

| Monolithic with modules

| ≈17 million{{cite web|url=https://www.openhub.net/p/chrome|title=The Chromium (Google Chrome) Open Source Project on Open Hub|work=openhub.net}}

| {{Yes}}

| Portage

|

| Linux/POSIX

|

| x86-64

| UFS1, MFS, ext2, FAT (16/32), HAMMER, ISO 9660

| Hybrid

|

| {{No}}

| dports, pkg

| git, cvsup, rsync, pkg

| BSD/POSIX

| Mono, Java, Win16, Win32, Linux

| IA-32

| HPFS (default), FAT, JFS, UDF, FAT32, NTFS (read only)

| Hybrid

|

| {{Yes}}

| WarpIN, Feature Install, others

| Maintenance Tool

| Proprietary, DOS API, Win16

| POSIX, Java, others

| IA-32, x86-64, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, [http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/archs.html others]

| UFS2, ZFS, ext2, ext3, ext4, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, others

| Monolithic with modules

| {{nowrap|6.25 million}}{{cite web|url=http://mail.tansi.info/papers/tik_report_315.pdf|title=(S)LOC Count Evolution for Selected OSS Projects|author=Arno Wagner|date=December 11, 2009|at=data for 2009, fig 1}}

| {{No}}

| Ports collection, packages

| by source, network binary update (freebsdupdate)

| BSD/POSIX

| Mono, Java, Win16, Win32, Linux

| ARM, RISC-V, IA-32, x86-64

| ext2, ext3, FAT32, ISO9660

| Microkernel or Monolithic kernel

| ≈300,000 {{citation needed|date=May 2018}}

| {{No}}

| Custom

| None

| Genode

| POSIX, Qt, SDL, MirageOS{{cite web|url=https://genode.org/documentation/release-notes/18.11#Genode_as_a_platform_for_Mirage-OS_unikernels |title=Release notes for the Genode OS Framework 18.11}}

| IA-32, x86-64

| UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS (experimental), ZFS, others

| Monolithic with modules

|

| {{Yes}}

| Ports collection, packages

| by source, network binary update (freebsdupdate)

| BSD/POSIX

| Mono, Java, Win16, Win32, Linux

| IA-32, x86-64, ARM, PowerPC, SPARC, others

| ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, ReiserFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, and others

| Monolithic with modules

| ≈15 million (kernel){{cite web|author=Ryan Paul |url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2012/04/linux-kernel-in-2011-15-million-total-lines-of-code-and-microsoft-is-a-top-contributor/ |title=Linux kernel in 2011: 15 million total lines of code and Microsoft is a top contributor |publisher=arstechnica.com|date=2012-04-04 |access-date=2012-08-21}}

lines of code for userland libraries and applications vary depending on the distribution

| {{Yes}}

| Depends on the distribution

|

| Linux/POSIX

| Mono, Java, Win16, Win32

| IA-32, PowerPC, x86-64

| BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, ext3, NTFS

| Hybrid

| ≈5.2 million{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

| {{Yes}}

| Ports collection (haikuport)

| pkgman, HaikuDepot

| POSIX, BeOS API

| Java, Qt

| PA-RISC, IA-64

| VxFS, HFS, CDFS, EVFS, NFS, CIFS

| Monolithic with modules

|

| {{No}}

| SD, swinstall

| swa (HP-UX Software Assistant)

| SysV/POSIX

|

| 64-bit ARM, RISC-V, x86, x64 and LoongArch

| HMDFS, EROFS, NFS, RAMFS, FAT, JFFS2, exFAT

| Microkernel

| ≈239.6 million{{Cite web |last=Amit |date=2022-11-05 |title=HarmonyOS 3.1: Huawei written 239.6 million lines of code and 16000 own APIs |url=https://www.huaweiupdate.com/how-much-code-does-harmony-os-have/ |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=Huawei Update |language=en-US}} (100 Deterministic Latency Engine){{cite web |last1=Hellard |first1=Bobby |title=What is HarmonyOS? A guide to Huawei's operating system |url=https://www.itpro.com/mobile/34304/what-is-harmonyos-a-guide-to-huaweis-operating-system#:~:text=Harmony%2C%20according%20to%20Huawei%2C%20runs%20on%20just%20100,software%20and%20the%20hardware%20-%20supposedly%20reducing%20latency. |website=IT PRO |publisher=IT PRO |access-date=27 August 2022}}

| {{Yes}}

| .app with HAP files

| Software Update

| Proprietary

| Java until 3.0.0

| IA-32, PowerPC, SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, others

| Styx/9P2000, kfs, FAT, ISO 9660

| Monolithic with modules, user space file systems

|

| {{Yes}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{dunno}}

| Proprietary

|

| ARMv8-A (iOS 7–present), ARMv7-A (iPhone OS 3–iOS 10), ARMv6 (iPhone OS 1–iOS 4.2.1)

| HFS+ (prior to version 10.3), APFS (since version 10.3)

| Hybrid

| ≈80 million{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

| {{Yes}}

| ?

| Software Update

| Cocoa, BSD-POSIX

| ?

| 68k, PowerPC

| HFS+, HFS, MFS (Mac OS 8.0 and before), AFP, ISO 9660, FAT(System 7 and later), UDF

| Monolithic with modules

|

| {{Yes}}

| None

| Software Update (only in Mac OS 9)

| Toolbox, Carbon (from version 8.1)

|

| Apple silicon (11-present), x86-64 (10.4.7–present), IA-32 (10.4.4–10.6.8), PowerPC (10.0–10.5.8)
{{small|(see also iOS for ARM)}}

| HFS+ (default on hard drives, and on flash drives up to Sierra), APFS (default on flash drives in High Sierra), HFS, UFS, AFP, ISO 9660, FAT, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, NTFS (read only), FTP, WebDAV, ZFS (experimental)

| Hybrid with modules

| ≈86 million{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2006/08/07/live-from-wwdc-2006-steve-jobs-keynote/|title=Live from WWDC 2006: Steve Jobs Keynote|last=Jobs|first=Steve|date=7 August 2006|access-date=2007-02-16|quote=86 million lines of source code that was ported to run on an entirely new architecture with zero hiccups.}}

| {{Yes}}

| macOS Installer

| Software Update

| Carbon, Cocoa, Java, BSD-POSIX

| Toolbox (only in versions up to Mac OS X 10.4, not supported on x86 architecture), Win16, Win32

| IA-32

|

| Microkernel

| ≈12,000 (C) + ≈1,400 (Assembly){{cite book | last = Tanenbaum | first = Andrew S. | year = 2015 | title =Modern Operating Systems: Global Edition

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FV2pBwAAQBAJ | publisher =Pearson Education Limited | isbn = 9781292061955}}

| {{No}}

|

|

| POSIX

|

| IA-32, x86-64, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, sparc64, [http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/#ports-by-cpu others]

| UFS, UFS2, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, LFS, and others

| Monolithic with modules

|

| {{No}}

| pkgsrc

| by source or binary (using sysinst)

| BSD-POSIX

| Linux, [http://netbsd.org/docs/compat.html#compat others]

| 16-bit x86, IA-32

| NSS, NWFS, FAT, NFS, AFP, UDF, CIFS, ISO 9660

| Hybrid

|

| {{Yes}}

| NWCONFIG.NLM, RPM, X11-based GUI installer

| binary updates, ZENWorks for Servers, Red Carpet

| Proprietary

|

| IA-32, x86-64, SPARC, 68k, Alpha, [http://www.openbsd.org/plat.html others]

| ffs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, some others

| Monolithic

|

| {{No}}

| Ports collection, packages

| by source or binary (packages via pkg_add)

| BSD-POSIX

|

| VAX, Alpha, IA-64, x86-64

| Files-11 (ODS), ISO 9660, NFS, CIFS

| Monolithic with modules

|

| {{No}}

| PCSI, VMSINSTAL

| {{dunno}}

| Proprietary

| POSIX, RSX-11M

| 16-bit x86 (1.x only), IA-32

| HPFS, JFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS

| Monolithic with modules

|

| {{Yes}}

| Feature Install and others

| {{dunno}}

| Proprietary, DOS API, Win16

| Win32

| 64-bit ARM, RISC-V, x86, x64 and LoongArch

| HMDFS, EROFS, NFS, RAMFS, FAT, JFFS2, exFAT

| Multi-kernel

| ≈110 million+{{cite web |author=Benjamin |title=OPENHARMONY HOLDS A TECHNICAL CONFERENCE IN CALIFORNIA, USA |url=https://harmonyoshub.com/openharmony-holds-a-technical-conference-in-california-usa/ |website=HarmonyOSHub |publisher=HarmonyOSHub |access-date=1 July 2024}}

| {{Yes}}

| .app with HAP files

| Software Update

| Open-source, ArkUI, OpenHarmony API Kits

| Java until 3.0.0, React Native, Qt, Flutter, Electron, CEF

| 64-bit ARM, RISC-V, x86, x64

| HMDFS, EROFS, NFS, RAMFS, FAT, JFFS2, exFAT

| Multi-kernel

|

| {{Yes}}

| .app with HAP files

| Software Update

| Open-source, ArkUI, OpenHarmony and Oniro API Kits, React Native for ArkUI

| React Native, Qt, Flutter, Electron, CEF

| IA-32, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, others

| fossil/venti, 9P2000, kfs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660

| Hybrid, user space file systems

| ≈2.5 Million /sys/src (complete source of all supported architectures, kernels, commands and libraries)

| {{Yes}}

| None

| replica

| Proprietary (Unix-like)

| POSIX compatibility layer

| x86, SH-4, PowerPC, ARM, MIPS

| QNX4FS, QNX6, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, Joliet, NFS, CIFS, ETFS, UDF, HFS, HFS+, NTFS, others

| Microkernel

|

|

|

|

| POSIX, Java

|

| IA-32, PowerPC, ARM

| FAT, BTRFS, and NTFS (read only)

| Hybrid

| nearly 8 million{{cite web|url=http://code.reactos.org/changelog/~br=trunk/reactos|title=ReactOS Change Log|access-date=2015-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518115439/http://code.reactos.org/changelog/~br=trunk/reactos|archive-date=2015-05-18|url-status=dead}}

| {{Yes}}

| ReactOS Applications Manager, MSI, custom installers

| None

| Win32, NT API

| DOS API

| x86-64

| RedoxFS, TFS

| Microkernel

|

| {{Yes}}

| pkgutils

|

| POSIX

|

| ARM (both 26 and 32-bit addressing modes)

| Acorn ADFS, Econet ANFS, FAT, ISO 9660, many others as loadable filesystems

| Monolithic with modules. Cooperative multitasking with limited memory protection.{{cite web|url=http://www.drobe.co.uk/riscos/artifact1327.html|title=RISC OS Memory Protection - Drobe.co.uk archives|work=drobe.co.uk|access-date=2013-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331035623/http://www.drobe.co.uk/riscos/artifact1327.html|archive-date=2014-03-31|url-status=dead}}

|

| {{Yes}}

| Applications self-contained; hardware drivers often in ROM

| !IyoUpWtch

| Huge number of SWI calls; extensive C libraries

|

| x86, x86-64

| ext2

| Microkernel

| ≈750,000

| {{Yes}}

| None

| None

| POSIX, propertiary

|

| IA-32, x86-64, SPARC

| UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, QFS, some others

| Monolithic with modules

|

| {{Yes}}

| SysV packages (pkgadd)
Image Packaging System (pkg) (Solaris 11 and later)

| Image Packaging System (Solaris 11 and later)

| SysV/POSIX, GTK, Java

| Win16, Win32, Mono, Linux

| IA-32, x86-64, SPARC(AI)

| UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, QFS, some others

| Monolithic with modules

| ≈18.8 millionfind usr/src -type f -exec wc -l {} + | grep total | awk '{ sum += $1 } END {print sum }' on [https://sourceforge.net/p/schillix-on/schillix-on/ci/default/tree/] results in 18793105

| {{Yes}}

| Image Packaging System (pkg), SysV packages (pkgadd)

| Image Packaging System

| SysV/POSIX, GTK, Java

| Win16, Win32, Mono, Linux

| x86

| Proprietary

| Monolithic

|

| {{No}}

| RPM for some untrusted applications

| Binary updates via postal mail and proprietary tools

| Some: SysV, POSIX, Linux, proprietary

|

| ARM

| FAT

| Microkernel

|

| {{Yes}}

| SIS files

| FOTA

| Proprietary

| POSIX compatibility layer

| IA-32, x86-64

| UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS (experimental) and others

| Monolithic with modules

|

| {{Yes}}

| Ports collection, packages, PBI Graphical Installers

| by PBI updates, source, network binary update (freebsdupdate)

| BSD-POSIX

| Win16, Win32

| IA-32, x86-64, IA-64

| NTFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, and HFS

| Hybrid with modules

| ≈45 million{{cite web |author1=Ben Liblit |author2=Andrew Begel |author3=Eve Sweetser | title = Cognitive Perspectives on the Role of Naming in Computer Programs| url = http://research.microsoft.com/~abegel/papers/ppig-naming.pdf | access-date = 2007-12-26 }}

| {{Yes}}

| MSI, custom installers

| Windows Update

| Win32, NT API

| DOS API, Win16 (only in 32-bit versions), POSIX, .NET

| IA-32, x86-64, ARM, IA-64, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC

| NTFS, FAT exFAT ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support btrfs, ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, HFS+, FATX, and HFS (with third party driver)

| Hybrid with modules

| ≈40 (XP)/64 (Vista and later) million{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

| {{Yes}}

| MSI, custom installers

| Windows Update

| Win32, NT API

| DOS API, Win16 (only in 32-bit versions), POSIX, .NET

| IA-32

| BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, HFS, AFP, ext2, CIFS, NTFS (read only), ReiserFS (read only, up to v3.6)

| Hybrid

|

| {{Yes}}

| SoftwareValet, script-based installers

| None

| POSIX, BeOS API

|

| z/Architecture

| VSAM, BDAM, QSAM, BPAM, HFS, zFS, etc.

| Protected, multithreading, multitasking nucleus with programmable/user replaceable extensions. Not kernel-based.{{clarify|reason=How is the z/OS nucleus different from an OS kernel?|date=January 2016}}

|

| {{No}}

| None, SMP/E

| SMP/E

| Filesystem access methods, Systems Services, etc.

| POSIX, many others.

! scope="col" rowspan="3" | Resource
access
control

! scope="col" rowspan="3" | Subsystem
isolation
mechanisms

! scope="col" rowspan="3" | Integrated
firewall

! scope="col" rowspan="3" | Encrypted
file
systems

! scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | No execute (NX)
page flag

! scope="col" colspan="6" | Manufacturer acknowledged unpatched vulnerabilities (by severity)

! scope="col" | Security-
Focus

! scope="col" {{verth|va=middle|Emulation}}

! scope="col" style="width:12em" | Extremely critical
(number / oldest)

! scope="col" style="width:12em" | Highly
critical
(number / oldest)

! scope="col" style="width:12em" | Moderately critical
(number / oldest)

! scope="col" style="width:12em" | Less
critical
(number / oldest)

! scope="col" style="width:12em" | Not
critical
(number / oldest)

! scope="col" style="width:12em" | Total
(number / oldest)

| POSIX, ACLs, MAC, Trusted AIX - MLS, RBAC

| chroot

| IPFilter, IPsec VPNs, basic IDS

| {{yes}}

| {{yes}} || {{n/a}}

| colspan="5" {{unk}}

| {{Good

! scope="col" | AROS

! scope="col" | FreeBSD

! scope="col" | Linux-based

! scope="col" | HP-UX

! scope="col" | OpenVMS

! scope="col" | macOS

! scope="col" | Solaris

! scope="col" | Windows (cmd)

! scope="col" | Windows (PowerShell)

| {{mono|list, dir}}

| {{mono|ls}}

| {{mono|ls}}

| {{mono|ls}}

| {{mono|dir}}

| {{mono|ls}}

| {{mono|ls}}

| {{mono|dir}}

| {{mono|Get-ChildItem}}

| {{mono|clear}}

| {{mono|clear}}

| {{mono|clear}}

| {{mono|clear}}

| {{mono|ty/pa nl}}:

| {{mono|clear}}

| {{mono|clear}}

| {{mono|cls}}

| {{mono|Clear-Host}}

| {{mono|copy}}

| {{mono|cp}}

| {{mono|cp}}

| {{mono|cp}}

| {{mono|copy}}

| {{mono|cp}}

| {{mono|cp}}

| {{mono|copy}}

| {{mono|Copy-Item}}

| {{mono|move}}

| {{mono|mv}}

| {{mono|mv}}

| {{mono|mv}}

| {{mono|ren}}

| {{mono|mv}}

| {{mono|mv}}

| {{mono|move}}

| {{mono|Move-Item}}

| {{mono|rename}}

| {{mono|mv}}

| {{mono|mv, rename}}

| {{mono|mv}}

| {{mono|ren}}

| {{mono|mv}}

| {{mono|mv}}

| {{mono|ren (rename}})

| {{mono|Rename-Item}}

| {{mono|delete}}

| {{mono|rm}}

| {{mono|rm}}

| {{mono|rm}}

| {{mono|del}}

| {{mono|rm}}

| {{mono|rm}}

| {{mono|del (erase}})

| {{mono|Remove-Item}}

| {{mono|delete}}

| {{mono|rmdir}}

| {{mono|rmdir}}

| {{mono|rmdir}}

| {{mono|del}}

| {{mono|rmdir}}

| {{mono|rmdir}}

| {{mono|rd (rmdir}})

| {{mono|Remove-Item}}

| {{mono|makedir}}

| {{mono|mkdir}}

| {{mono|mkdir}}

| {{mono|mkdir}}

| {{mono|create/dir}}

| {{mono|mkdir}}

| {{mono|mkdir}}

| {{mono|md (mkdir}})

| {{mono|New-Item}}

| {{mono|cd}}

| {{mono|cd}}

| {{mono|cd}}

| {{mono|cd}}

| {{mono|set def}}

| {{mono|cd}}

| {{mono|cd}}

| {{mono|cd (chdir}})

| {{mono|Set-Location}}

| {{mono|shell file.shell}}

| {{mono|sh file.sh}}

| {{mono|sh file.sh}}

| {{mono|sh file.sh}}

| {{mono|@ file.com}}

| {{mono|sh file.sh}}

| {{mono|sh file.sh}}

| {{mono|cmd /c file.cmd}}

| {{mono|powershell file.ps1}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{mono|kill, killall}}

| {{mono|killall, pkill, kill, skill}}

| {{mono|kill}}

| {{mono|stop}}

| {{mono|kill, killall}}

| {{mono|kill, pkill}}

| {{mono|taskkill}}

| {{mono|Stop-Process}}

| {{mono|changetaskpri}}

| {{mono|nice}}

| {{mono|nice, chrt}}

| {{mono|nice}}

| {{mono|set proc/prio}}

| {{mono|nice}}

| {{mono|nice}}

| {{mono|start /low, start /normal, start /high, start /realtime}}

| {{mono|Start-Process, wmic}}

| {{dunno}}

|

| {{mono|ionice}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{mono|set proc/prio}}

| {{mono|nice}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{dunno}}

| {{mono|format}}

| {{mono|newfs}}

| {{mono|mkfs}}

| {{mono|newfs}}

| {{mono|init}}

| {{mono|mkfs}}

| {{mono|newfs, zpool{{\