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List of operating systems

{{Short description|None}}

This is a list of operating systems. Computer operating systems can be categorized by technology, ownership, licensing, working state, usage, and by many other characteristics. In practice, many of these groupings may overlap. Criteria for inclusion is notability, as shown either through an existing Wikipedia article or citation to a reliable source.

Proprietary

=Acorn Computers=

=Amazon=

=Amiga Inc.=

=Amstrad=

=Apple=

=Apollo Computer, Hewlett-Packard=

=Atari=

=BAE Systems=

=Be Inc.=

=Bell Labs=

Non-Unix Operating Systems:

=Burroughs Corporation, Unisys=

=CII=

=Commodore International=

=Control Data Corporation=

==Lower 3000 series==

  • SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution){{cite book

| title = 3200 Computer System SCOPE/COMPASS Reference Manual

| id = 60057700

| date = September 1964

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/3x00/24bit/3200/60057700_3200_SCOPE_COMPASS_Reference_Manual_Sep64.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

==Upper 3000 series==

  • SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution){{cite book

| title = 3600 Computer System SCOPE/Reference Manual

| id = 60053300

| date = September 1964

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/3x00/48bit/scope/60053300_SCOPE_Ref_Sep64.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

  • Drum SCOPE{{cite book

| title = 3600 3800 Computer Systems Drum SCOPE/MSIO Operating Guide

| id = 60059200B

| date = July 1967

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/3x00/48bit/scope/60059200B_Drum_SCOPE_Ref_Jul67.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

==6x00 and related Cyber==

| title = 6000 Series Computer Systems Chippewa Operating System Reference Manual

| id = 60134400

| date = December 1965

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/cyber_70/chippewa/60134400_Chippewa_OS_RefMan_Dec65.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

  • MACE (Mansfield and Cahlander Executive)
  • Kronos (Kronographic OS){{cite book

| title = KRONOS 2.1 Reference Manual Volume 1 of 2

| id = 60407000D

| date = June 17, 1975

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/cyber_70/kronos/60407000D_KRONOS2.1v1_Jun75.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

  • NOS (Network Operating System){{cite book

| title = NOS Version 1 Reference Manual Volume 1 of 2

| id = 60435400M

| date = December 5, 1980

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/nos/60435400M_NOS_Version_1_Reference_Manual_Volume_1_Dec80.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

{{cite book

| title = NOS Version 1 Reference Manual Volume 2 of 2

| id = 60445300M

| date = December 5, 1980

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/nos/60445300M_NOS_Version_1_Reference_Manual_Volume_2_Dec80.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

  • NOS/VE (NOS Virtual Environment)
  • SCOPE (Supervisory Control Of Program Execution){{cite book

| title = Control Data 6400/6600 Computer Systems SCOPE Reference Manual

| id = 60173800

| date = September 1966

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/scope/60173800_ScopeRefMan_Sep66.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

  • NOS/BE NOS Batch Environment{{cite book

| title = NOS/BE Version 1 Reference Manual

| id = 60493800E

| date = June 13, 1978

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/nos/60493800E_NOS_BE_Version_1_Ref_Jun78.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

  • SIPROS (Simultaneous Processing Operating System){{cite book

| title = 6600 Computer System Operating System/Reference Manual SIPROS 66

| id = 60101800A

| edition = First

| url = http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/cyber/cyber_70/sipros/60101800A_SIPROS66ref_1965.pdf

| publisher = Control Data Corporation

}}

==Star-100==

Multiple Console Time Sharing System (MCTS), from General Motors Research

=CloudMosa=

=Convergent Technologies=

=Cromemco=

=Data General=

=Datapoint=

  • CTOS Cassette Tape Operating System for the Datapoint 2200{{cite book|url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/datapoint/software/Datapoint_2200_Cassette_Tape_Operating_System_May1972.pdf|title=Datapoint 2200 Cassette Tape Operating System|date=May 1972|publisher=Datapoint}}
  • DOS Disk Operating System for the Datapoint 2200, 5500, and 1100{{cite book|url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/datapoint/software/50127_Datapoint_DOS_UsersGuide_Feb75.pdf|title=Disk Operating System DOS. User's Guide|date=February 1975|publisher=Datapoint}}

=DDC-I, Inc.=

  • Deos – Time & Space Partitioned RTOS, Certified to DO-178B, Level A since 1998
  • HeartOS – POSIX-based Hard Real-Time Operating System

=Digital Research, Inc.=

=Digital Equipment Corporation, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise=

=ENEA AB=

  • OSE – Flexible, small footprint, high-performance RTOS for control processors

=Fujitsu=

=GEC Computers=

=General Electric, Honeywell, Bull=

=Google=

File:Foldable smartphone (Android OS).jpg on the Samsung Galaxy Z smartphones]]

  • ChromiumOS is an open source operating system development version of ChromeOS. Both operating systems are based on the Linux kernel.
  • ChromeOS is designed to work exclusively with web applications, though has been updated to run Android apps with full support for Google Play Store. Announced on July 7, 2009, ChromeOS is currently publicly available and was released summer 2011. The ChromeOS source code was released on November 19, 2009, under the BSD license as ChromiumOS.
  • Container-Optimized OS (COS) is an operating system that is optimized for running Docker containers, based on ChromiumOS.{{cite web|url=https://cloud.google.com/container-optimized-os/docs|title=Container-Optimized OS from Google documentation|website=Google Cloud Platform}}
  • Android is an operating system for mobile devices. It consists of Android Runtime (userland) with Linux (kernel), with its Linux kernel modified to add drivers for mobile device hardware and to remove unused Vanilla Linux drivers.
  • gLinux, a Linux distribution that Google uses internally
  • Fuchsia is a capability-based real-time operating system (RTOS) scalable to universal devices, in early development, from the tiniest embedded hardware, wristwatches, tablets to the largest personal computers. Unlike ChromeOS and Android, it is not based on the Linux kernel, but instead began on a new microkernel called "Zircon", derived from "Little Kernel".
  • Wear OS a version of Google's Android operating system designed for smartwatches and other wearables.

=Green Hills Software=

=Harris Computer Systems =

=Heathkit, Zenith Data Systems=

=Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise=

  • HP Multi-Programming Executive (MPE, MPE/XL, and MPE/iX) – runs on HP 3000 and HP e3000 mini-computers
  • HP-UX – runs on HP9000 and Itanium servers (from small to mainframe-class computers)

=Honeywell=

  • CP-6, CP-V work-alike for Honeywell Level/66

=Huawei=

=Intel Corporation=

  • iRMX – real-time operating system originally created to support the Intel 8080 and 8086 processor families in embedded applications.
  • ISIS, ISIS-II – "Intel Systems Implementation Supervisor" was an environment for development of software within the Intel microprocessor family in the early 1980s on their Intellec Microcomputer Development System and clones. ISIS-II worked with 8 inch floppy disks and had an editor, cross-assemblers, a linker, an object locator, debugger, compilers for PL/M, a BASIC interpreter, etc. and allowed file management through a console.
  • iMAX 432 - an operating system for systems based on Intel's iAPX 432 architecture.

=IBM=

{{further|History of IBM mainframe operating systems}}

====On early mainframes: 1410, 7010, 704, 709, 7090, 7094, 7040, 7044, 7030====

====On S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes====

  • OS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
  • OS/360 (first official OS targeted for the System/360 architecture)
  • PCP (Primary Control Program, a kernel and a ground breaking automatic space allocating file system)
  • MFT (original Multi-programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, replaced by MFT II)
  • MFT II (Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, had up to 15 fixed size application partitions, plus partitions for system tasks, initially defined at boot time but redefinable by operator command)
  • MVT (Multi-Programming with a Variable number of Tasks, had up to 15 application regions defined dynamically, plus additional regions for system tasks)
  • M65MP (MVT with support for a multiprocessor 360/65)
  • OS/VS (port of OS/360 targeted for the System/370 virtual memory architecture (OS/370 is not the correct name for OS/VS1 and OS/VS2.) OS/VS has the following variations:
  • OS/VS1 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MFT II)
  • OS/VS1 Basic Programming Extensions (BPE) adds device support and VM handshaking
  • OS/VS2 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 2, Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MVT)
  • OS/VS2 R1 (Called Single Virtual Storage (SVS), Virtual-memory version of OS/360 MVT but without multiprocessing support)
  • OS/VS2 R2 through R3.8 (called Multiple Virtual Storage, MVS, eliminated most need for VS1).
  • MVS/SE (MVS System Extensions)
  • MVS/SP (MVS System Product) V1
  • MVS/370 refers to OS/VS2 MVS, MVS/SE and MVS/SP Version 1
  • MVS/XA (MVS/SP V2, supports S/370 Extended Architecture, 31-bit addressing)
  • MVS/ESA (MVS supported Enterprise Systems Architecture, horizontal addressing extensions: data only address spaces called Dataspaces)
  • MVS/SP V3
  • MVS/ESA SP V4 (a Unix environment was available for MVS/ESA SP V4R3)
  • MVS/ESA SP V5 (the UNIX environment was bundled in this and all subsequent versions)
  • OS/390 replacement for MVS/ESA SP V5 with some products bundled
  • z/OS z/Architecture replacement for OS/390 with 64-bit virtual addressing
  • Phoenix/MVS (Developed at Cambridge University)
  • DOS/360 and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
  • BOS/360 (early interim version of DOS/360, briefly available at a few Alpha & Beta System/360 sites)
  • TOS/360 (similar to BOS above and more fleeting, able to boot and run from 2x00 series tape drives)
  • DOS/360 (Disk Operating System (DOS), multi-programming system with up to 3 partitions, first commonly available OS for System/360)
  • DOS/360/RJE (DOS/360 with a control program extension that provided for the monitoring of remote job entry hardware (card reader & printer) connected by dedicated phone lines)
  • DOS/VS (First DOS offered on System/370 systems, provided virtual storage)
  • DOS/VSE (also known as VSE, upgrade of DOS/VS, up to 14 fixed size processing partitions )
  • VSE/Advanced Functions (VSE/AF) - Additional functionality for DOS/VSE
  • VSE/SP (program product including DOS/VSE and VSE/AF)
  • VSE/ESA, replaces VSE/SP, supports ESA/370 and ESA/390 with 31-bit addresses
  • z/VSE (latest version of the four decades old DOS lineage, supports 64-bit addresses, multiprocessing, multiprogramming, SNA, TCP/IP, and some virtual machine features in support of Linux workloads)
  • CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
  • CP-40/CMS (for System/360 Model 40)
  • CP-67/CMS (for System/360 Model 67)
  • Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) - the CP virtual machine hypervisor, Conversational Monitor System (CMS) operating system and supporting facilities for System/370 (24-bit addresses)
  • VM/370 Basic System Extensions Program Product (VM/BSE, AKA BSEPP) is an enhancement to VM/370
  • VM/370 System Extensions Program Product (VM/SE, AKA SEPP) is an enhancement to VM/370 that includes the facilities of VM/BSE
  • Virtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP) replaces VM/370, VM/BSE and VM/SE.
  • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture (VM/XA) refers to three versions of VM that support System/370 Extended Architecture (S/370-XA) with 31-bit virtual addresses
  • Virtual Machine/Extended architecture Migration Aid (VM/XA MA) - Intended for MVS/370 to MVS/XA migration
  • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture Systems Facility (VM/XA SF) - new release of VM/XA MA with additional functionality
  • Virtual Machine/Extended Architecture System Product (VM/XA SP) - Replaces VM/SP, VM/SP HPO and VM/XA SF
  • Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/ESA), supports S/370, ESA/370 and ESA/390 (a Unix environment was available starting with{{cite web

} title = Availability: VM/ESA Version 2 Release 1.0 with OpenEdition for VM/ESA

| id = 295-240

| date = June 12, 1995

| series = Announcement letters

| url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS295-240

| publisher = IBM

| access-date = March 29, 2024

}}

Version 2.)

  • z/VM (z/Architecture version of the VM OS with 64-bit addressing). Starting with Version 3,{{cite web

| title = z/VM V3R1 Enabled for 64-bit Architecture

| id = 200-358

| date = October 3, 2000

| url = https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/8/897/ENUS200-358/index.html

| series = Announcement Letters

| publisher = IBM

| access-date = January 31, 2022

| archive-date = December 17, 2021

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211217151307/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/ShowDoc.wss?docURL=/common/ssi/rep_ca/8/897/ENUS200-358/index.html

| url-status = live

}}

the Unix environment was standard.

{{further|History of CP/CMS}}

  • TPF Line (Transaction Processing Facility) on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes (largely used by airlines)
  • ACP (Airline Control Program)
  • TPF (Transaction Processing Facility)
  • z/TPF (z/Architecture extension)
  • Unix-like on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
  • AIX/370 (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
  • AIX/ESA (IBM's Advanced Interactive eXecutive, a System V Unix version)
  • OpenSolaris for System z
  • UTS (developed by Amdahl)
  • Linux on IBM Z
  • Others on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes:
  • BOS/360 (Basic Operating System)
  • Distributed Processing Programming Executive/370 (DPPX/370) a port of DDPX from 8100 to S/370.
  • MTS (Michigan Terminal System, developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for the IBM System/360 Model 67, System/370 series, and compatible mainframes)
  • RTOS/360 (IBM's Real Time Operating System, ran on 5 NASA custom System/360-75s){{cite conference |url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1476793.1476796 |title=RTOS: extending OS/360 for real time spaceflight control |first=J. L. |last=Johnstone |doi=10.1145/1476793.1476796 |book-title=Proceedings of the May 14–16, 1969, Spring Joint Computer Conference |isbn=9781450379021 |pages=15–27|doi-access=free }}
  • TOS/360 (Tape Operating System)
  • TSS/360 (IBM's Time Sharing System)
  • MUSIC/SP (developed by McGill University for IBM System/370)
  • ORVYL and WYLBUR (developed by Stanford University for IBM System/360)

====On PC and Intel x86 based architectures====

  • PC DOS, IBM DOS
  • PC DOS 1.x, 2.x, 3.x (developed jointly with Microsoft)
  • IBM DOS 4.x, 5.0 (developed jointly with Microsoft)
  • PC DOS 6.1, 6.3, 7, 2000, 7.10

{{See also|List of operating systems#Microsoft Corporation|l1=MS-DOS and Windows}}

====On other hardware platforms====

=International Computers Limited=

=Jide=

=Jolla=

=KaiOS=

=Lynx Real-time Systems, LynuxWorks, Lynx Software Technologies=

=Meizu=

=Microsoft Corporation=

=MITS=

  • Altair DOS – An early disk operating system for the Altair 8800 machine.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}

=MontaVista=

=Motorola=

=NCR Corporation=

  • TMX – Transaction Management eXecutive.
  • IMOS – Interactive Multiprogramming Operating System (circa 1978), for the NCR Century 8200 series minicomputers.{{Cite web |year=1980 |title=NCR 8200 Series: Technical and Commercial Documentation |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ncr/NCR_DataPro_Reports/M11-656-40_8007_NCR_8200.pdf |publisher=Datapro Research Corporation |publication-place=Delran, NJ, USA.}}
  • VRX – Virtual Resource eXecutive.

=NeXT=

=Nintendo=

=Novell=

=Open Mobile Platform=

  • Aurora OS – the successor to Sailfish OS (not to be confused with a different Aurora OS)

=Quadros Systems=

  • RTXC Quadros RTOS – proprietary C-based RTOS used in embedded systems

=RCA=

  • Time Sharing Operating System (TSOS) – first OS supporting virtual addressing of the main storage and support for both timeshare and batch interface

=RoweBots=

  • DSPnano RTOS – 8/16 Bit Ultra Tiny Embedded Linux Compatible RTOS

=Samsung Electronics=

  • Bada
  • Tizen is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, a project within the Linux Foundation and is governed by a Technical Steering Group (TSG) while controlled by Samsung and backed by Intel. Tizen works on a wide range of Samsung devices including smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, PCs and wearable.
  • Orsay
  • One UI - Android skin

=Scientific Data Systems (SDS)=

==SDS 900 series==

==SDS Sigma series==

  • Universal Time-Sharing System CP-V, CP-R
  • Xerox Operating System (XOS)
  • GORDO from UCLA{{cite web |last1=Deloche |first1=G |title=Implementation of the Host - Host Software Procedures in GORDO |url=https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc11 |website=ietf.org |access-date=March 13, 2025}}
  • Ésope (operating system) from IRIA for the Sigma 7 and CII 10070{{cite journal |last1=Bétourné |first1=Claude | display-authors=etal |title=ÉSOPE : une étape de la recherche française en systèmes d'exploitation (1968-1972) |journal=Actes du septième Colloque sur l'Histoire de l'Informatique et des Transmissions |date=2004 |pages=173–198 |url=https://inria.hal.science/lirmm-00108869/ |access-date=March 21, 2025 |lang=fr}}

=SCO, SCO Group=

Source:{{cite web| url = http://williambader.com/museum/dell/xenixhistory.html| title = SCO History by William Bader| access-date = 2010-03-12 }}

  • Xenix, Unix System III based distribution for the Intel 8086/8088 architecture
  • Xenix 286, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80286 architecture
  • Xenix 386, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80386 architecture
  • SCO Unix, SCO UNIX System V/386 was the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark (1989). Derived from AT&T System V Release 3.2 with an infusion of Xenix device drivers and utilities plus most of the SVR4 features
  • SCO Open Desktop, the first 32-bit graphical user interface for UNIX Systems running on Intel processor-based computers. Based on SCO Unix
  • SCO OpenServer 5, AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 based
  • SCO OpenServer 6, SVR5 (UnixWare 7) based kernel with SCO OpenServer 5 application and binary compatibility, system administration, and user environments
  • UnixWare
  • UnixWare 2.x, based on AT&T System V Release 4.2MP
  • UnixWare 7, UnixWare 2 kernel plus parts of 3.2v5 (UnixWare 2 + OpenServer 5 = UnixWare 7). Referred to by SCO as SVR5

=Silicon Laboratories (formerly Micrium Inc.)=

  • Micrium OS - customized μC/OS-III for Silicon Laboratories's SoC products

=Sinclair Research=

  • Sinclair BASIC was used in the 8-bit home computers from Sinclair Research and Timex Sinclair. It was included in the ROM, and the computers booted to the Basic interpreter. Various versions exist, with the latter ones supporting disk drive operations.

=Sony=

=SYSGO=

  • PikeOS – a certified real time operating system for safety and security critical embedded systems

=Tandem Computers, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, Hewlett Packard Enterprise=

  • NonStop OS - formerly Guardian (Tandem), then NonStop Kernel, then NonStop OS; runs on HPE's NonStop line of servers

=Tandy Corporation=

  • TRSDOS – A floppy-disk-oriented OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their TRS-80 Z80-based line of personal computers. Eventually renamed as LS-DOS or LDOS.
  • Color BASIC – A ROM-based OS created by Microsoft for the TRS-80 Color Computer.{{Cite web|title=Getting Started with Extended Color Basic (Tandy)|url=https://colorcomputerarchive.com/repo/Documents/Manuals/Hardware/Getting%20Started%20With%20Extended%20Color%20Basic%20(Tandy).pdf}}
  • NewDos/80 – A third-party OS for Tandy's TRS-80 personal computers.
  • DeskMate – Operating system created by Tandy Corporation and introduced with the Tandy 1000 computer.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

=TCSC (later NCSC)=

=Texas Instruments=

  • TI-RTOS Kernel – Real-time operating system for TI's embedded devices.

=TRON Project=

=UNIVAC, Unisys=

=Wang Laboratories=

  • WPS Wang Word Processing System. Micro-code based system.
  • OIS Wang Office Information System. Successor to the WPS. Combined the WPS and VP/MVP systems.

=Weston Embedded Solutions=

  • μC/OS-II – a small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel
  • μC/OS-III – a small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel, with unlimited number of tasks and priorities, and round-robin scheduling
  • Cesium RTOS - commercial continuation of Micrium's μC/OS-III forked from the open-sources release

=Wind River Systems=

  • VxWorks – Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS for embedded microprocessor based systems.{{cite web|url=http://www.windriver.com/products/vxworks/|title=VxWorks|website=www.windriver.com}}

=Zilog=

=Other=

==Lisp-based==

==For Elektronika BK==

==Non-standard language-based==

  • Pilot operating system – written in the Mesa language and used on Xerox Star workstations.
  • PERQ Operating System (POS) – written in PERQ Pascal.

==Other proprietary non-Unix-like==

  • Operating system for Эльбрус-1 (Elbrus-1) and Эльбрус-2 – used for application, job control, system programming,{{cite web|url=http://www.ixbt.com/cpu/e2k-spec.html |title=Эльбрус Бабаяна и Pentium Пентковского |publisher=Ixbt.com |access-date=2013-09-21}} implemented in uЭль-76 (AL-76).
  • Business Operating System (BOS) – developed to be ported across microcomputers.
  • EOS – developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
  • EMBOS – developed by Elxsi for use on their mini-supercomputers
  • GCOS – a proprietary operating system originally developed by General Electric
  • MAI Basic Four – An OS implementing Business Basic from MAI Systems.
  • Michigan Terminal System – Developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for use on the IBM System/360 Model 67, the System/370 series, and compatible mainframes
  • MUSIC/SP – an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM
  • OS ES – an operating system for ES EVM
  • PC-MOS/386 – DOS-like, but multiuser/multitasking
  • Prolog-Dispatcher – used to control Soviet Buran space shuttle.
  • SINTRAN III – an operating system used with Norsk Data computers.
  • SkyOS – commercial desktop OS for PCs
  • SODA – used by the Odra 1204 computers.{{cite journal|title=SODA—A Dual Activity Operating System|author=Władysław M. Turski|journal=The Computer Journal|year=1968|volume=11|issue=2|pages=148–156|doi=10.1093/comjnl/11.2.148|doi-access=free}}
  • THEOS
  • TSX-32 – a 32-bit operating system for x86 platform.
  • TX990/TXDS, DX10 and DNOS – proprietary operating systems for TI-990 minicomputers

==Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant==

Non-proprietary

=Unix or Unix-like=

  • MINIX (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
  • Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a variant of Unix originally for DEC PDP-11 and VAX hardware)
  • FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
  • DragonFlyBSD, forked from FreeBSD 4.8
  • MidnightBSD, forked from FreeBSD 6.1
  • GhostBSD
  • TrueOS (previously known as PC-BSD), made for desktop/laptop usage, now discontinued
  • [https://nomadbsd.org/ NomadBSD], a project aiming to tend FreeBSD to desktop/laptop needs
  • NetBSD (an embedded device BSD variant)
  • OpenBSD forked from NetBSD
  • Bitrig forked from OpenBSD, discontinued
  • FuguIta,{{Cite web |title=Welcome - FuguIta |url=https://fuguita.org/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=fuguita.org}} a live OpenBSD fork by a Japanese developer{{Cite web |title=DistroWatch.com: FuguIta |url=https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=fuguita |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=distrowatch.com}}
  • Darwin, created by Apple using code from NeXTSTEP, FreeBSD, and NetBSD
  • GNU (also known as GNU/Hurd)
  • Linux (see also List of Linux distributions) (alleged to be GNU/Linux{{Cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.en.html|title=gnu.org|website=www.gnu.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-24}} see GNU/Linux naming controversy)
  • Android{{Cite web|url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/2012/12/video-what-a-year-for-linux/|title=Video: What a Year for Linux|website=The Linux Foundation|date=2012-12-13|access-date=2020-06-30}}
  • Android-x86
  • Remix OS
  • EulerOS - Linux commercial distribution for cloud based software by Huawei
  • openEuler - open-source community version of EulerOS
  • NestOS - open-source cloud based operating system based on EulerOS, contributed by openEuler community
  • Redox (written in Rust){{cite web|url=http://www.redox-os.org/|title=Redox - Your Next(Gen) OS - Redox - Your Next(Gen) OS|website=www.redox-os.org}}
  • OpenSolaris
  • illumos, contains original Unix (SVR4) code derived from the OpenSolaris (discontinued by Oracle in favor of Solaris 11 Express)
  • OpenIndiana, operates under the illumos Foundation. Uses the illumos kernel, which is a derivative of OS/Net, which is basically an OpenSolaris/Solaris kernel with the bulk of the drivers, core libraries, and basic utilities.
  • Nexenta OS, based on the illumos kernel with Ubuntu packages
  • SmartOS, an illumos distribution for cloud computing with Kernel-based Virtual Machine integration.
  • RTEMS (Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems)
  • Syllable Desktop
  • VSTa
  • Plurix (or Tropix{{Cite web|url=http://www.tropix.nce.ufrj.br/|title=TROPIX: Distribuição e Instalação|website=www.tropix.nce.ufrj.br|access-date=2018-08-24}}) (by Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ)
  • TUNIS (University of Toronto)
  • Xv6 - a simple Unix-like teaching operating system from MIT
  • SerenityOS - aims to be a modern Unix-like operating system, yet with a look and feel that emulates 1990s operating systems such as Microsoft Windows and the classic Mac OS.

=Non-Unix=

Research

=Unix or Unix-like=

  • Plan 9 from Bell Labs – distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on original Unix design principles yet functionally different and going much further
  • Inferno – distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs
  • 9front, a derivative open-source project{{Cite web |title=Introduction to 9front {{!}} Hacker News |url=https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12617036 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=news.ycombinator.com}} made to resurrect Plan 9{{Cite web |title=Plan9 has been forked: 9front {{!}} Hacker News |url=https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2772718 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=news.ycombinator.com}} to passionate developers
  • Research Unix{{Cite web|url=http://www.tuhs.org/Archive/Caldera-license.pdf|title=Caldera license|date=2002-01-23|access-date=2019-01-29}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemis.com/grog/UNIX/|title=UNIX is free!|website=www.lemis.com|access-date=2018-08-24}}

=Non-Unix=

  • Amoeba – research OS by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
  • Barrelfish
  • Croquet
  • EROS – microkernel, capability-based
  • Harmony – realtime, multitasking, multiprocessing message-passing system developed at the National Research Council of Canada.
  • HelenOS – research and experimental operating system
  • ILIOS – Research OS designed for routing
  • L4 – second generation microkernel
  • Mach – from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University; see NeXTSTEP
  • Nemesis – Cambridge University research OS – detailed quality of service abilities
  • Singularity – experimental OS from Microsoft Research written in managed code to be highly dependable
  • Spring – research OS from Sun Microsystems
  • THE multiprogramming system – by Dijkstra in 1968, at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, introduced the first form of software-based memory segmentation, freeing programmers from being forced to use actual physical locations
  • Thoth – realtime, multiprocess message-passing system developed at the University of Waterloo.
  • Tock
  • V – from Stanford, early 1980s{{cite web|url=http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~levy/capabook/Chapter7.pdf|title=Capability-Based Computer Systems|publisher=Cs.washington.edu|access-date=2013-09-21}}
  • Verve – OS designed by Microsoft Research to be verified end-to-end for type safety and memory safety
  • Xinu – Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the United States"Despite its name suggesting some similarity to Unix, Xinu is a different type of operating system, written with no knowledge of the Unix source code, or compatibility goals. It uses different abstractions, and system calls, some with names matching those of Unix, but different semantics."

Garfinkel, Simson; Spafford, Gene; Schwartz, Alan (2003). Practical UNIX and Internet Security. O'Reilly. p. 19.

Disk operating systems (DOS)

{{Main|Disk operating system}}

  • 86-DOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; licensed to Microsoft, became PC DOS/MS-DOS. Also known by its working title QDOS.)
  • PC DOS (IBM's DOS variant, developed jointly with Microsoft, versions 1.0–7.0, 2000, 7.10)
  • MS-DOS (Microsoft's DOS variant for OEM, developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.x–6.22 Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
  • Concurrent CP/M-86 3.1 (BDOS 3.1) with PC-MODE (Digital Research's successor of CP/M-86 and MP/M-86)
  • Concurrent DOS 3.1-4.1 (BDOS 3.1-4.1)
  • Concurrent PC DOS 3.2 (BDOS 3.2) (Concurrent DOS variant for IBM compatible PCs)
  • DOS Plus 1.1, 1.2 (BDOS 4.1), 2.1 (BDOS 5.0) (single-user, multi-tasking system derived from Concurrent DOS 4.1-5.0)
  • Concurrent DOS 8-16 (dual-processor variant of Concurrent DOS for 8086 and 8080 CPUs)
  • Concurrent DOS 286 1.x
  • FlexOS 1.00-2.34 (derivative of Concurrent DOS 286)
  • FlexOS 186 (variant of FlexOS for terminals)
  • FlexOS 286 (variant of FlexOS for hosts)
  • Siemens S5-DOS/MT (industrial control system based on FlexOS)
  • IBM 4680 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS)
  • IBM 4690 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS)
  • Toshiba 4690 OS (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS)
  • FlexOS 386 (later variant of FlexOS for hosts)
  • IBM 4690 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS)
  • Toshiba 4690 OS (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS)
  • Concurrent DOS 386 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 3.0 (BDOS 5.0-6.2)
  • Concurrent DOS 386/MGE (Concurrent DOS 386 variant with advanced graphics terminal capabilities)
  • Multiuser DOS 5.0, 5.01, 5.1 (BDOS 6.3-6.6) (successor of Concurrent DOS 386)
  • CCI Multiuser DOS 5.0-7.22 (up to BDOS 6.6)
  • Datapac Multiuser DOS
  • Datapac System Manager 7 (derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOS)
  • IMS Multiuser DOS 5.1, 7.0, 7.1 (BDOS 6.6-6.7)
  • IMS REAL/32 7.50, 7.51, 7.52, 7.53, 7.54, 7.60, 7.61, 7.62, 7.63, 7.70, 7.71, 7.72, 7.73, 7.74, 7.80, 7.81, 7.82, 7.83, 7.90, 7.91, 7.92, 7.93, 7.94, 7.95 (BDOS 6.8 and higher) (derivative of Multiuser DOS)
  • IMS REAL/NG (successor of REAL/32)
  • Concurrent DOS XM 5.0, 5.2, 6.0, 6.2 (BDOS 5.0-6.2) (real-mode variant of Concurrent DOS with EEMS support)
  • DR-DOS 3.31, 3.32, 3.33, 3.34, 3.35, 5.0, 6.0 (BDOS 6.0-7.1) single-user, single-tasking native DOS derived from Concurrent DOS 6.0)
  • Novell PalmDOS 1 (BDOS 7.0)
  • Novell DR DOS "StarTrek"
  • Novell DOS 7 (single-user, multi-tasking system derived from DR DOS, BDOS 7.2)
  • Novell DOS 7 updates 1-10 (BDOS 7.2)
  • Caldera OpenDOS 7.01 (BDOS 7.2)
  • Enhanced DR-DOS 7.01.0x (BDOS 7.2)
  • Dell Real Mode Kernel (DRMK)
  • Novell DOS 7 updates 11–15.2 (BDOS 7.2)
  • Caldera DR-DOS 7.02-7.03 (BDOS 7.3)
  • DR-DOS "WinBolt"
  • OEM DR-DOS 7.04-7.05 (BDOS 7.3)
  • OEM DR-DOS 7.06 (PQDOS)
  • OEM DR-DOS 7.07 (BDOS 7.4/7.7)
  • FreeDOS (open source DOS variant)
  • ProDOS (operating system for the Apple II series computers)
  • PTS-DOS (MS-DOS variant by Russian company Phystechsoft)
  • TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.) for Z80 and Intel 8086 processor-based systems
  • Multi-tasking user interfaces and environments for MS-DOS compatible operating systems
  • DESQview + QEMM 386 multi-tasking user interface
  • DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI

Network operating systems

{{Main|Network operating system}}

Generic, commodity, and other

Hobby

{{Main|Hobbyist operating system}}

  • AROS – AROS Research Operating System (formerly known as Amiga Research Operating System)
  • AtheOS – branched to become Syllable Desktop
  • Syllable Desktop – a modern, independently originated OS; see AtheOS
  • BareMetal
  • DSPnano RTOS
  • EmuTOS
  • EROS – Extremely Reliable Operating System
  • HelenOS – based on a preemptible microkernel design
  • LSE/OS
  • MenuetOS – extremely compact OS with GUI, written entirely in FASM assembly language
  • KolibriOS – a fork of MenuetOS
  • MMURTL{{cite web|url=http://www.ipdatacorp.com/mmurtl/|title=Book & Source code Download Page|website=IP Data Corporation|access-date=June 17, 2022|archive-date=July 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704223135/http://www.ipdatacorp.com/mmurtl/|url-status=dead}} (Message based MUltitasking Real-Time kerneL, pronounced 'Myrtle'){{cite book|last=Burgess|first=Richard|date=September 1, 2000|title=MMURTT V1.0|publisher=IP Data Corporation|page=8|isbn=1588530000}}
  • SerenityOS
  • [https://serpaeos.sourceforge.io SerpaeOS]
  • TempleOS – biblical-themed OS, written in HolyC by Terry Davis
  • ToaruOS
  • PonyOS

Embedded

=Mobile operating systems=

{{Main|Mobile operating system}}

=Routers=

=Other embedded=

=LEGO Mindstorms=

Capability-based

  • Cambridge CAP computer – operating system demonstrated the use of security capabilities, both in hardware and software, also a useful fileserver, implemented in ALGOL 68C
  • Flex machine – Custom microprogrammable hardware, with an operating system, (modular) compiler, editor, * garbage collector and filing system all written in ALGOL 68.
  • HYDRA – Running on the C.mmp computer at Carnegie Mellon University, implemented in the programming language BLISS{{cite web|title=Reflections in a pool of processors - An experience report on C.mmp/Hydra|url=https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/courses/compsci703s1c/resources/WulfHarbison.pdf|page=945|first1=William A.|last1=Wulf|first2=Samual P.|last2=Harbison|publisher=University of Auckland|access-date=2013-09-21}}
  • KeyKOS nanokernel
  • EROS microkernel
  • V – from Stanford, early 1980s
  • HarmonyOS NEXT{{cite web |last1=Děcký |first1=Martin |title=Microkernel-based and Capability-based Operating Systems |url=https://d3s.mff.cuni.cz/files/teaching/nswi161/martin-decky-microkernels-capabilities.pdf |website=D3S |access-date=23 December 2023}}
  • Google Fuchsia
  • Phantom OS{{cite web |last1=Dziuba |first1=Ted |title=Russian rides Phantom to OS immortality |url=https://www.theregister.com/2009/02/03/phantom_russian_os/ |website=The Register |access-date=1 January 2024}}

See also

=Category links=

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

  • [http://www.operating-system.org/betriebssystem/_english/os-liste.htm "List of Operating Systems"]. www.operating-system.org.

{{Operating system}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Operating systems}}

*List of operating systems

Category:Computing-related lists

Operating