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Eupithecia

{{Short description|Large genus of geometer moths}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Eupithecia.innotata.7141.jpg

| image_caption = Eupithecia innotata

| display_parents = 2

| taxon = Eupithecia

| authority = Curtis, 1825

| synonyms_ref =

| synonyms =

  • Arcyonia Hübner, 1825
  • Bohatschia Schütze, 1960
  • Catarina Vojnits & De Laever, 1973
  • Delaeveria Schütze, 1961
  • Dietzea Schütze, 1956
  • Dochephora Warren, 1895
  • Dolichopyge Warren, 1900
  • Dyscymatoge Hübner, 1825
  • Epicaste Gumppenberg, 1887
  • Eucymatoge Hübner, [1825]
  • Euphitecia Carnelutti & Michieli, 1958
  • Eurypeplodes Warren, 1893
  • Heteropithecia Vojnits, 1985
  • Hypepirritis Hübner, [1825]
  • Lamelluncia Mironov, 1990
  • Lepiodes Guenée, 1858
  • Leucocora Hübner, 1825
  • Mnesiloba Warren, 1901
  • Neopithecia Vojnits, 1985
  • Pena Walker, 1863
  • Petersenia Schütze, 1958
  • Phaulostathma Warren, 1900
  • Propithecia Vojnits, 1985
  • Sebastia Warren, 1895 (preocc. Kirby, 1892)
  • Stenopla Warren, 1900
  • Tarachia Hübner, 1825
  • Tephroclystia Hübner, 1825
  • Tephroclystis Meyrick, 1892
  • Thysanoctena Warren, 1904
  • Trichoclystis Warren, 1904
  • Zygmena Boie, 1839

}}

Eupithecia is the largest genus of moths of the family Geometridae, and the namesake and type genus of tribe Eupitheciini. Species in the genus are, like those of other genera in the tribe, commonly known as pugs. The genus is highly speciose, with over 1400 species, and members of the genus are present in most of the world with exception of Australasia. Roughly a quarter of described Eupithecia species occur in the Neotropical realm, where they have an especially high species diversity in the montane rain forests of the Andes. The genus includes a few agricultural pest species, such as the currant pug moth, Eupithecia assimilata, which is a pest on hops, and the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria, which is a cone pest in spruce seed orchards.

Adult specimens of Eupithecia are typically small, often between 12 and 35 mm, with muted colours, and display a large amount of uniformity between species. As a result, identification of a specimen as part of genus Eupithecia is generally easy, but identifying the exact species is difficult and often reliant on examination of the dissected genitals. Most species share a characteristic resting pose in which the forewings are held flat at a right angle to the body—that is, the costal margins of both forewings form a more-or-less horizontal line—while the hindwings are largely covered by the forewings. They are generally nocturnal.

File:Pug Moths Genus (Eupithecia) caterpillar.jpg

Of the species where the larval behaviour is known, most feed from the flowers and seeds of their food plants rather than the foliage. Many species have a very specific food plant. The larvae of all but one of the endemic species of Eupithecia from Hawaii are ambush predators of a wide variety of insects and spiders. These ambush predators have raptorial legs, with which they grab prey that comes into contact with their hind end.

Species

This is a list of all described species.

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File:Eupith miser.JPG]]

File:Eupithecia pupa.jpg

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{{Cite journal |last1=Tabell |first1=Jukka |last2=Junnilainen |first2=Jari |last3=Sihvonen |first3=Pasi |date=2024-01-05 |title=Eupithecia conquesta Tabell & Junnilainen, a new species from Cyprus (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) |url=https://nl.pensoft.net/article/114137/ |journal=Nota Lepidopterologica |language=en |volume=47 |pages=11–18 |doi=10.3897/nl.47.114137 |doi-access=free |issn=2367-5365}}

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Species of unknown status

  • Eupithecia lavicaria Fuchs, 1902 (syn: Eupithecia lavicata Prout, 1914), described from Norway.
  • Eupithecia minutana Treitschke
  • Eupithecia robusta Dietze, 1910

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite web |last1=VanDyk |first1=John |title=Genus Eupithecia - Identification |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/9639#id |website=BugGuide.net: Identification, Images, & Information For Insects, Spiders & Their Kin For the United States & Canada |publisher=Iowa State University |access-date=13 January 2023}}

{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/geometridae/larentiinae/eupithecia/ |title=Eupithecia Curtis, 1825 |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |access-date=March 26, 2018}}

{{cite journal |last1=Campbell |first1=C. A. M. |last2=Tregidga |first2=E. L. |last3=Hall |first3=D. R. |last4=Ando |first4=T. |last5=Yamamoto |first5=M. |title=Components of the sex pheromone of the currant pug moth, Eupithecia assimilata, a re-emergent hop pest in UK |journal=Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata |date=March 2007 |volume=122 |issue=3 |pages=265–269 |doi=10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00513.x |bibcode=2007EEApp.122..265C |s2cid=84922209 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2006.00513.x |access-date=14 January 2023|url-access=subscription }}

{{cite journal |last1=Enkhtur |first1=Khishigdelger |last2=Boldgiv |first2=Bazartseren |last3=Pfeiffer |first3=Martin |title=Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Geometrid Moths (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) in Mongolia |journal=Diversity |date=May 2020 |volume=12 |issue=5 |page=185 |doi=10.3390/d12050186 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2020Diver..12..186E }}

{{cite journal |last1=Hembry |first1=David H. |last2=Bennett |first2=Gordon |last3=Bess |first3=Emilie |last4=Cooper |first4=Idelle |last5=Jordan |first5=Steve |last6=Liebherr |first6=James |last7=Magnacca |first7=Karl N. |last8=Percy |first8=Diana M. |last9=Polhemus |first9=Dan A. |last10=Rubinoff |first10=Daniel |last11=Shaw |first11=Kerry L. |last12=O’Grady |first12=Patrick M. |title=Insect Radiations on Islands: Biogeographic Pattern and Evolutionary Process in Hawaiian Insects |journal=The Quarterly Review of Biology |date=1 December 2021 |volume=96 |issue=4 |pages=257, 271–272 |doi=10.1086/717787 |s2cid=245335580 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/717787 |access-date=16 January 2023|url-access=subscription }}

{{cite book |last1=Mironov |first1=Vladimir |title=Larentinae II: (Perizomini and Eupitheciini) |date=2003 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-30863-3 |page=72 |url=https://brill.com/display/title/23991 |access-date=14 January 2023 |language=en}}

{{cite journal |last1=Mironov |first1=Vladimir |title=New species and checklist of Turkish Eupithecia Curtis (Geometridae: Larentiinae) |journal=Zootaxa |date=26 September 2013 |volume=3717 |issue=1 |pages=39–52 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3717.1.3 |pmid=26176093 |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3717.1.3 |access-date=17 January 2023|url-access=subscription }}

{{cite book |last1=Mironov |first1=Vladimir |last2=Galsworthy |first2=Anthony Charles |title=The Eupithecia of China: A Revision |date=1 November 2013 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-25453-4 |pages=1, 6–7, 11 |url=https://brill.com/display/title/24316 |access-date=13 January 2023 |language=en}}

{{cite journal |last1=Mironov |first1=Vladimir |last2=Galsworthy |first2=Anthony Charles |title=A survey of Eupithecia Curtis, 1825 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in Mongolia with descriptions of two new species |journal=Zootaxa |date=5 March 2014 |volume=3774 |issue=2 |pages=101–130 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3774.2.1 |pmid=24871410 |url=https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2014/f/z03774p130f.pdf}}

{{cite journal |last1=Mironov |first1=Vladimir |last2=Šumpich |first2=Jan |title=New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part VII |journal=Zootaxa |date=15 June 2022 |volume=5154 |issue=3 |pages=289–304 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5154.3.3 |pmid=36095621 |s2cid=249696920 |url=https://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/150_Mironov%20et%20Sumpich%202022_Eupithecia%20of%20China%20VII.pdf |access-date=17 January 2023}}

{{cite journal |last1=Šumpich |first1=Jan |last2=Mironov |first2=Vladimir |title=New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part VIII |journal=Zootaxa |date=7 October 2022 |volume=5194 |issue=4 |pages=561–574 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5194.4.5 |pmid=37045315 |s2cid=252804264 |url=https://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/154_Mironov%20et%20Sumpich%202022_New%20species%20of%20the%20genus%20Eupithecia%20from%20China_Part%20VIII.pdf |access-date=17 January 2023}}

{{cite journal |last1=Mironov |first1=Vladimir |last2=Šumpich |first2=Jan |title=New species of the genus Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from China. Part IX |journal=Zootaxa |date=9 December 2022 |volume=5219 |issue=3 |pages=276–286 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5219.3.5 |pmid=37044863 |s2cid=254488323 |url=https://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/156_Mironov-et-Sumpich%202022_Eupithecia-of-China-IX.pdf |access-date=17 January 2023}}

{{Cite journal |last=Montgomery |first=Steven L. |date=1 November 1983 |title=Carnivorous caterpillars: the behavior, biogeography and conservation of Eupithecia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in the Hawaiian Islands |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00218529 |journal=GeoJournal |language=en |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=549–556 |doi=10.1007/BF00218529 |bibcode=1983GeoJo...7..549M |s2cid=189888740 |issn=1572-9893|url-access=subscription }}

{{cite journal |last1=Plant |first1=C. W. |last2=Petty |first2=S. J. |last3=Farino |first3=T. |last4=Botham |first4=M. S. |title=Eupithecia exiguata (Hübner, [1813]) new to the Iberian Peninsula, with notes on other pug moths Eupitheciini in Cantabria, Spain (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) |journal=SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología |date=2014 |volume=42 |issue=165 |url=https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45531496011 |access-date=16 January 2023 |issn=0300-5267}}

{{cite journal |last1=Vargas |first1=Héctor A. |title=A new species of Eupithecia Curtis (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from the Andes of northern Chile |journal=Nota Lepidopterologica |date=25 October 2021 |volume=44 |pages=239–247 |doi=10.3897/nl.44.73247 |s2cid=239978760 |url=https://nl.pensoft.net/article/73247/ |access-date=15 January 2023|doi-access=free }}

{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=H. L. |last2=Svensson |first2=G. P. |last3=Jakobsson |first3=J. |last4=Jirle |first4=E. V. |last5=Rosenberg |first5=O. |last6=Francke |first6=W. |last7=Anderbrant |first7=O. |last8=Millar |first8=J. G. |last9=Löfstedt |first9=C. |title=Sex pheromone of the cloaked pug moth, Eupithecia abietaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a pest of spruce cones |journal=Journal of Applied Entomology |date=27 September 2014 |volume=139 |issue=5 |pages=352–360 |doi=10.1111/jen.12167 |s2cid=83838433 |doi-access=free }}

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Other sources

  • Chinery, Michael (1986). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe (Reprinted 1991).
  • Skinner, Bernard (1984). Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles.

External links

{{Commons}}

  • [https://www.delta-intkey.com/britin/geo/www/eupithec.htm Eupithecia] Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2003 onwards. British insects: the genera of Lepidoptera-Geometridae. Version: 29 December 2011 Description of genus.
  • [http://eol.org/pages/34204/overview Eupithecia] images at Encyclopaedia of Life

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Category:Geometridae genera

Category:Taxa named by John Curtis