Global spread of the printing press#Europe

! Date

! City

! Printer {{citation |url=http://data.cerl.org/istc/_search?query=place:de |title=(Place:DE) |work=Incunabula Short Title Catalogue |publisher=British Library |access-date=9 December 2017}}

! Comment

| Mainz

| Johannes Gutenberg, Peter Schöffer, Johann Fust (investor)

| Gutenberg Bible

| Breslau (now Wrocław)

| Kasper Elyan of Glogau Joachim Köhler (ed.): [https://books.google.com/books?id=MXoiu9QBj-EC&dq=Kasper+Elyan+breslau&pg=RA1-PA404 Geschichte des christlichen Lebens im schlesischen Raum], LIT Verlag Münster, 2002, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-5007-4}}, p.  404

| Kasper's print shop remained operational until 1483 with an overall output of 11 titles.

| Schleswig

| Stephan Arndes

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! Date

! City

! Printer {{citation |url=http://data.cerl.org/istc/_search?query=place:it |title=(Place:IT) |work=Incunabula Short Title Catalogue |publisher=British Library |access-date=9 December 2017}}

! Comment

| Subiaco

| Arnold Pannartz, Konrad Sweynheym

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| Soncino

| Israel Nathan ben Samuel and Soncino Family

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! Date

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! Printer

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| Schaffhausen

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| Einsiedeln

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! Date

! City

! Printer {{citation |url=http://data.cerl.org/istc/_search?query=place:fr |title=(Place:FR) |work=Incunabula Short Title Catalogue |publisher=British Library |access-date=9 December 2017}}

! Comment

! Date

! City

! Printer {{citation |url=http://data.cerl.org/istc/_search?query=place:es |title=(Place:ES) |work=Incunabula Short Title Catalogue |publisher=British Library |access-date=9 December 2017}}

! Comment

| Toledo{{cite book |author=Henri Bouchot |editor=H. Grevel |location=London |title=The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time |year=1890 |publisher=H. Grevel & Co. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ycxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 |chapter=Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established}}

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| Madrid

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! City

! Printer {{citation |url=http://data.cerl.org/istc/_search?query=place:be |title=(Place:BE) |work=Incunabula Short Title Catalogue |publisher=British Library |access-date=9 December 2017}}

! Comment

| Aalst

| Dirk Martens

! Date

! City

! Printer {{citation |url=http://data.cerl.org/istc/_search?query=place:nl |title=(Place:NL) |work=Incunabula Short Title Catalogue |publisher=British Library |access-date=9 December 2017}}

! Comment

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Buda
(now Budapest)

| Andreas Hess

| The first work printed on Hungarian soil was the Latin history book Chronica Hungarorum published on 5 June 1472.

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Kraków

| Kasper Straube

| The oldest printed work in Poland is the Latin Calendarium cracoviense (Cracovian Calendar), a single-sheet astronomical almanac for the year 1474. Although Straube continued to published in Kraków until 1477, printing became permanently established in Kraków, and Poland, only after 1503.{{harvnb|Wydra|1987|pp=88–89}} In 1491, the first book in Cyrillic script was published by Schweipolt Fiol from Franconia.[http://libraries.theeuropeanlibrary.org/RussiaMoscow/treasures_en.xml The European Library] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221063024/http://libraries.theeuropeanlibrary.org/RussiaMoscow/treasures_en.xml |date=2006-02-21 }} In 1513, Florian Ungler printed Hortulus Animae, the first book in the Polish language.

| Lwów

| Matthias Bernhart

|

! Date

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! Printer

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! Printer

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| Westminster

| William Caxton

| The first dated prints in England are an indulgence dating to 13 December 1476 (date written in by hand), and the Dicts or Sayings, completed on 18 November 1477. Between 1472 and 1476, Caxton had already published several English works on the continent (see Bruges above).

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| Faro

| Samuel Gacon (also called Porteiro)

| The country's first printed book was the Hebrew Pentateuch, the Faro Pentateuch published by the Jew Samuel Gacon in southern Portugal, after having fled from the Spanish Inquisition.

| Chaves

| Unknown

| According to the German scholar Horch the Sacramental is the first book printed in Portuguese, and not Ludolphus de Saxonia's Livro de Vita Christi of 1495 as previously assumed.

| Coimbra

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| Viseu

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| Angra do Heroísmo, Azores

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| Porto

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! Printer

! Comment

| Rijeka

| Šimun Kožičić Benja

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! Printer

! Comment

| village Vrutci of Rujno Župa near Užice,

| hieromonk Teodosije

| The Rujan Four Gospels of the Rujno Monastery printing house

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Edinburgh

| Walter Chepman and Androw Myllar

| William Elphinstone, the Bishop of Aberdeen, was anxious to get a breviary published (see Aberdeen Breviary), and petitioned King James IV to have a printing press set up. Myllar had previously been involved with printing in France, where Scots authors had traditionally had their books printed (see Auld Alliance). The earliest works were mainly small books (approximately 15 cm), but at least one book was printed in folio format, Blind Harry's The Wallace.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nls.uk/scotlandspages/timeline/1508.html |title=1508 – Earliest dated Scottish book |access-date=2008-03-30 |publisher=National Library of Scotland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020222325/http://www.nls.uk/scotlandspages/timeline/1508.html |archive-date=2007-10-20 |url-status=dead}}

| St Andrews{{Cite web |url=http://www.scottishprintarchive.org/info.php?id=12&page=3 |title=500 Years of Scottish Printing |access-date=2008-04-11 |publisher=Scottish Printing Archival Trust}}

| John Scot{{Cite web |url=http://www.nls.uk/printing/towns.cfm |title=The Spread of Scottish Printing |access-date=2008-04-11 |publisher=National Library of Scotland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723011450/http://www.nls.uk/printing/towns.cfm |archive-date=2010-07-23 |url-status=dead}}

|

| Stirling

| Robert Lekprevik

|

| Aberdeen

| Edward Raban

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| Glasgow

| George Anderson

|

| Leith

| Evan Tyler

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| Campbeltown

| unknown printer

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| Maybole

| unknown printer

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! Date

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! Printer

! Comment

| Târgoviște

| Hieromonk Makarije

| Macarie is brought into Wallachia by the prince Radu cel Mare. The first printed book in Romania is made in 1508, Liturghierul. Octoihul is also printed in 1510, and Evangheliarul is printed in 1512I. Bianu, Psaltirea Scheiana, Bucharest, 1889

| Brașov

| Johannes Honterus

| At the time, the city was a part of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom.

| Târgoviște

| Dimitrije Ljubavić

| Mostly religious books are printed, among them being Molitvenik.Istoria Romaniei, Vol II, p. 684 Books printed in Wallachia were also reprinted for use in Moldavia, which at the time did not have its own press.

| Klausenburg (Cluj-Napoca)

|

| At the time, the city was a part of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom.

| Brașov

| Coresi

| Întrebare creştinească (Catehismul)

| Saloniki

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| Corfu

|

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! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Brest

| Bernard Wojewódka{{cite book |title=Książka drukowana XV-XVIII wieku: Zarys historyczny |author=Helena Szwejkowska |location=Warszawa |publisher=Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk |isbn=8301009020 |year=1987}}

| Catechism

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Holar

| Jon Matthiasson (Swede)

| Press imported on the initiative of Bishop Jon Arason. First known local print is the Latin songbook Breviarium Holense of 1534.

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Trondheim

|

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| Oslo

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! Date

! City

! Printer

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| Dublin{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/printing-of-ireland-s-first-book-the-book-of-common-prayer-to-be-commemorated-1.302337 |title=Printing of Ireland's first book, the 'Book of Common Prayer', to be commemorated |newspaper=The Irish Times}}

| Humphrey Powell

| The first book printed was the Book of Common Prayer.

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Moscow

| Ivan Fyodorov (printer)

| Acts of the Apostles (Apostol) is the first dated book printed in Russia.

| Saint Petersburg

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| Astrakhan

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! Date

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! Printer

! Comment

| Riga

| Nikolaus Mollin

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! Date

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! Printer

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| Lviv

| Ivan Fedorov

| Apostol (the Acts and Epistles in Slavonic)

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Llandudno

| Roger Thackwell

| Y Drych Cristianogawl ("The Christian Mirror"). Printed covertly in a cave on the Little Orme.{{Cite web |url=https://www.library.wales/discover/digital-gallery/printed-material/y-drych-cristianogawl/ |title=Y Drych Cristianogawl |website=National Library of Wales |access-date=8 June 2023}}

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Tartu

| Jacobus Pistorius (Jacob Becker)

| PostOrdnung (28 September 1632) was the first document printed in Tartu with date and printer's name. The printing press operated in connection with Tartu University (Academia Gustaviana) that was opened on the same year. The reverse side of the document contains a resolution of Johan Skytte about Academia Gustaviana.{{Cite book |publisher=Tartu Ülikooli Raamatukogu |isbn=9985-874-14-5 |editor=Ene-Lille Jaanson |title=Tartu Ülikooli trükikoda 1632–1710: Ajalugu ja trükiste bibliograafia = Druckerei der Universität Dorpat 1632–1710: Geschichte und Bibliographie der Druckschriften |location=Tartu |year=2000}}

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Turku

| Peder Walde, Swedish

| The print shop was set up at The Royal Academy of Turku which was the first university (created in 1640) in what is now Finland.

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Tbilisi

| Mihail Ishtvanovitch

| Established by the decree of Vakhtang VI in Abanotubani, Tbilisi

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Vagharshapat

| St. Grigor Lusavorich, Simeon Yerevantsi (Catholicos of Armenia)

| The first published book in Etchmiadzin was titled Սաղմոսարան (Psalms).{{Cite web |url=http://www.armenology.net/ |title=Armenology Research National Center |via=www.armenology.net}} The printing house was St. Grigor Lusavorich.

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Godthaab

|

|

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Mexico City

| Juan Pablos of Brescia{{Cite web |url=http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~wumsta/infopub/textbook/umfeld/rehm4.html |title=Margarete Rehm: Information und Kommunikation in Geschichte und Gegenwart |language=de |access-date=2007-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418234601/http://www.ib.hu-berlin.de/~wumsta/infopub/textbook/umfeld/rehm4.html |archive-date=2007-04-18 |url-status=dead}} at the House of the First Print Shop in the Americas

| Established by the archbishop Juan de Zumárraga, using Hans Cromberger from Seville, the first book printed was Breve y Mas Compendiosa Doctrina Christina, written in both Spanish and native Nahuatl.Murray, S. A. P. (2012). The library: An illustrated history. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, p. 140. Esteban Martín of Mexico City has been determined to be the first printer in the Western Hemisphere.Alexander B. Carver. “Esteban Martín, the First Printer in the Western Hemisphere: An Examination of Documents and Opinion.” The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy, vol. 39, no. 4, 1969, pp. 344–352. Between 1539 and 1600 presses produced 300 editions, and in the following century 2,007 editions were printed.Magdalena Chocano Mena, "Colonial Printing and Metropolitan Books: Printed Texts and the Shaping of Scholarly Culture in New Spain: 1539–1700", Colonial Latin American Historical Review 6, No. 1 (1997): 71–72, quoted in: Hortensia Calvo, "The Politics of Print: The Historiography of the Book in Early Spanish America", Book History, Vol. 6, 2003, pp. 277–305 (296) In the 16th century, more than 31% of locally produced imprints were in native Indian languages, mostly religious texts and grammars or vocabularies of Amerindian languages. In the 17th century, this rate dropped to 3% of total output.Magdalena Chocano Mena, "Colonial Printing and Metropolitan Books: Printed Texts and the Shaping of Scholarly Culture in New Spain: 1539–1700", Colonial Latin American Historical Review 6, No. 1 (1997): 73&76, quoted in: Hortensia Calvo, "The Politics of Print: The Historiography of the Book in Early Spanish America", Book History, Vol. 6, 2003, pp. 277–305 (279)

! Date

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! Date

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! Date

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! Date

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| Valparaíso

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| Montevideo

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| Rio de Janeiro

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! Printer

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| Fez

| Morocco

| Jewish

| Refugees who had worked for the printer Rabbi Eliezer Toledano in Lisbon[http://www.historyofscience.com/G2I/timeline/index.php/index.php?category=Printing History of Science-Printing], accessed 2009/05/04

| Cairo

| Egypt

| Gershom ben Eliezer Soncino

| First printing press in the Middle East, known only from two fragments discovered in the Cairo Geniza.{{Cite journal |last=Rowland-Smith |first=Diana |title=The Beginnings of Hebrew Printing in Egypt |date=1989 |journal=The British Library Journal |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=16–22 |jstor=42554269 |issn=0305-5167}}

|

| Mozambique

| Portuguese

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| Angola

| Portuguese

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| Kenya

| Portuguese

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| Cape Town

| South Africa {{cite journal |title=Birth of Printing in South Africa |first=Alan Charles Gore |last=Lloyd |journal=The Library: A Quarterly Review of Bibliography and Library Lore |editor-first1=J. Y. W. |editor-last1=Macalister |editor-first2=Alfred W. |editor-last2=Pollard |location=London |volume=5 |issn=0024-2160 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015014978228?urlappend=%3Bseq=45 |via=HathiTrust |year=1914 |pages=31–43 |hdl=2027/mdp.39015014978228?urlappend=%3Bseq=45}} {{free access}}

| Johann Christian Ritter
German

| Almanach voor't jaar 1796., Early Cape Printing 1796–1802, South African Library Reprint Series, No. 1, South African Library, Cape Town, (1971)S. H. Steinberg, Five Hundred Years of Printing, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, (1955) 2nd ed. 1961, p. 214 The possibility of printing may be as early as 1784 when Ritter arrived in the Cape but no earlier output has surfaced., "South Africa in Print", Book Exhibition Committee van Riebeeck Festival, Cape Town, (1952){{rp|facing p. 157 p. 160}} Ritter is also said to have printed Almanacs for 1795 to 1797 suggesting a start to printing of 1794.{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=A. M. Lewin |title=From Monolith to Microfilm: a story of the recorded word |year=1979 |publisher=South African Library |isbn=0-86968-020-X |location=Cape Town |page=37}}

| Cairo

| Egypt

| French

|

|

| Madagascar

| English

| Malagasy translation of the Assembly's Shorter CatechismBelrose-Huyghes: Considérations sur l'introduction de l'imprimerie à Madagascar

|

| Mauritius

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|

| Massawa

| Eritrea

| Lorenzo Biancheri

| An Italian Lazarist missionary set up the first printing press in Ethiopia to print missionary texts in Amharic. Biancheri called himself "Printer to His Majesty Emperor Theodros", but there is no evidence he had an imperial appointment. He died in 1864 and his press did not outlive him.Metikou Ourgay (1992), "Printing, publishing and book development in Ethiopia up to the era of emperor Menelik II", The International Information & Library Review, 24(3), 221–227. {{DOI|10.1016/s1057-2317(05)80031-1}}

|

| Malawi

|

|

| Salisbury

| Southern Rhodesia
(now: Zimbabwe)

|

| Rhodesia Herald in print, may have started earlier {{rp|169}}

| Harar

| Ethiopia

|

| Fifth press in the Ethiopian Empire, but the first in what is today Ethiopia. Established by Franciscans, it printed periodicals in French and Amharic. It was later moved to Dire Dawa.

! Date

! City

! Country

! Printer

! Comment

| Goa

| Portuguese India

| Jesuits

| The press was attached to St Paul's college. See Printing in Goa.

| Bombay

| British India

| Bhimjee ParikhAK Priolkar, The Printing Press in India: Its Beginnings and Early Development, (Mumbai: Marathi Samsodhana Mandala, 1958), p. 32 / Henry Hills

| East India Company supplied press, with only a Latin typeface

| Tranquebar

| Danish India

| Danish-Halle/SPCK Mission

|

| Colombo

| Ceylon, Dutch India

| Dutch reform Church / Dutch East India Company

| Printing in Dutch, Sinhala, and Tamil

| Pondicherry

| French India

| Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally

| Captured by the East India Company, and moved to Madras in 1761

| Madras

| British India

| Johann Phillip Fabricius

| Printing in Tamil, using the captured Pondicherry press

| Madras

| British India

| Shahamir Shahamirian, Armenian

| The first book published here was Այբբենարան (Aybbenaran – Reading Primer) in Armenian.

| Calcutta

| British India

| James Augustus Hicky

| Publisher of Hicky's Bengal Gazette

| Calcutta

| British India

| Robert William Kiernander and John Zachariah Kiernander

| SPCK Missionaries

| Hooghly

| British India

| Charles Wilkins and Nathaniel Brassey Halhed

|

| Calcutta

| British India

| Barnard Messink and Peter Reed

| Publishers of the India Gazette

| Bombay

| British India

|

|

| Serampore

| Danish India

| Baptist Missionary Society

| Printing Bibles and books in several Indian languages

| Lahore

| British India

| Syed Muhammad Azeem

| Lahore Chronicle Press, located in the old Naulakha palace, and printing in English and Farsi (Persian)

! Date

! City

! Printer

! Comment

| Constantinople

| David and Samuel ibn Nahmias, Hebrew

| First ever printed book in Ottoman Empire was Arba'ah Turim in Hebrew.Naim A. Güleryüz, Bizans'tan 20. Yüzyıla – Türk Yahudileri, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A. Ş., İstanbul, January 2012, p.90 {{ISBN|978-9944-994-54-5}} Some argue the year and suggest 1503 or 1504.

| the Church of Saint George in Sopotnica, Sanjak of Herzegovina, Ottoman Empire (today village in Novo Goražde, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina). The books were printed in Church Slavonic of the Serbian recension.

| Božidar Goraždanin

| hieratikon (1519), psalter (1521) and a small euchologion (1523)

| Bursa

|

|

| Constantinople

| Apkar Tebir, Armenian

| The first book printed here was Փոքր քերականութիւն (Poqr Qerakanutyun – Brief Armenian Grammar) in Armenian

| Safed

| Eliezer and Abraham ben Isaac Ashkenazi (apparently no relation)

| First printing press in Western Asia, publishing in Hebrew. Eliezer, a native of Prague, operated in Lublin and Constantinople before settling in Safed. First printed Lekach Tov, a commentary on the Book of Esther by 18 year old Yom Tov Tzahalon.{{cite journal |last1=Heller |first1=Marvin J. |title=Early Hebrew Printing from Lublin to Safed: The Journeys of Eliezer ben Isaac Ashkenazi |journal=Jewish Culture and History |date=August 2001 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=81–96 |url=https://www.academia.edu/4619862 |doi=10.1080/1462169X.2001.10511954 |s2cid=154397881}}

| St. Anthony's Monastery, Qozhaya, Lebanon

|

| Introduced by Maronite Patriarch Sergius ar-Rezzi; psalter was printed the first time in 1585{{Cite web |title=Short History of the Monastery of Saint Anthony |url=http://www.qozhaya.com/history.html |website=Qozhaya: The Monastery of St. Anthony}}

| St. Anthony's Monastery, Qozhaya, Lebanon

|

| Second printing press set up by Christian Maronites in Lebanon; printed both Syriac and Arabic in Syriac script

| Istanbul

| Nicodemus Metaxas

| First printing press of Greek books in Ott.Empire. Closed down by the authorities in 1628[https://www.ascsa.edu.gr/research/gennadius-library/history-of-greek-printing/history-of-greek-printing History of Greek Pringing, American School of Classica Studies at Athens]

| Aleppo

| Athanasius Dabbas

| First press for printing in the Arabic script in the Ottoman Empire; operated until 1711. Funded by Constantin Brâncoveanu and established with the assistance of Anthim the Iberian.

| Constantinople

| Ibrahim Muteferrika

| First press for printing in the Arabic script established by Muslims in the Ottoman Empire, against opposition from the calligraphers and parts of the Ulama. It operated until 1742, producing altogether seventeen works, all of which were concerned with non-religious, utilitarian matters.{{harvnb|Watson|1968|p=436}}

| Monastery of St. John of Choueir, Khenchara, Lebanon

| ʻAbd Allāh Zākhir

|

| Smyrna (Izmir)

| Markos, Armenian

|

| Constantinople

| James Mario Matra (Briton)

| Abortive attempt to revive printing in the Ottoman lands

! Date

! City

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! Printer

! Comment

| Manila

| Philippines

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| Batavia

| Indonesia

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| Sumatra Island

| Indonesia

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! Date

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! Printer

! Comment

| Nagasaki

| Japan

| Alessandro Valignano

| The Jesuits in Nagasaki established The Jesuit Mission Press in Japan and printed a number of books in romanised Japanese language.

| Seoul

| Korea

| Inoue Kakugoro (Japanese)

| The first printing press was imported from Japan for publishing Korea's first Korean-language newspaper Hansong Sunbo. After the press was destroyed by conservatives, Inoue returned with a new one from Japan, reviving the paper as a weekly under the name Hansong Chubo. Presses were also established in Seoul in 1885, 1888 and 1891 by Western missionaries. However, the earliest printing press was apparently introduced by the Japanese in the treaty port of Pusan in 1881 to publish Korea's first newspaper, the bilingual Chosen shinpo.{{harvnb|Altman|1984|pp=685–696}}

! Date

! City

! Country

! Printer

! Comment

| New Julfa, Isfahan

| Persia

| Khachatur Kesaratsi, Armenian

| The first book printed here was Սաղմոս ի Դավիթ (Saghmos i Davit – Psalter) in Armenian

| Tehran

| Persia

|

|

| Tabriz

| Persia

| Zain al-Abidin Tabrizi (?)

|

! Date

! City

! Country

! Printer

! Comment

| Cambridge, Massachusetts

| USA

| Stephen Daye, Samuel Green (from 1649)

| This printing shop was located in the home of the first president of Harvard College, Henry Dunster. It printed the first Bible in British North America in 1663, in English as well as Algonquian.Murray, S. (2009). The library: An illustrated history. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 140.

| St. Mary's City, Maryland

| USA

|

| William and Dinah Nuthead started a press in Annapolis in 1686{{cite book |last1=Wroth |first1=Lawrence Counselman |title=A History of Printing in Colonial Maryland, 1686–1776 |date=1922 |publisher=Typothetae of Baltimore |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofprintin00wrotuoft/page/12 12]–15 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofprintin00wrotuoft |chapter=Dinah Nuthead and the First Annapolis Press}}

| New York

| USA

| William Bradford

|

| Germantown

| USA

| Christoph Sauer

|

| Halifax

| Canada

| John Bushell

| The Halifax Gazette, Canada's first newspaper was published initially in this year.

| New Echota, Arkansas

| USA

| Elias Boudinot (Cherokee)

| Boudinot published the Cherokee Phoenix as first newspaper of the tribe.

| San Francisco

| USA

|

|

| Oregon

| USA

|

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| Vancouver Island

| Canada

|

|

! Date

! City

! Country

! Printer

! Comment

| ?

| Australia

| George Hughes

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| Sydney

| Australia

| George Howe

|

| Hobart, Tasmania

| Australia

|

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| Tahiti

| French Polynesia

|

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| Hawaii

| Kingdom of Hawaii

|

|

| Paihia

| New Zealand

| William Colenso

| The first book was a Maori translation of part of the Bible commissioned by the Church Missionary Society: "Ko nga Pukapuka o Paora te Apotoro ki te Hunga o Epeha o Piripai" (The Epistles of St Paul to the Philippians and the Ephesians).

| Maui

| Kingdom of Hawaii

|

|