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July 1918

{{short description|List of events during July, 1918}}

{{Events by month|1918}}

{{calendar|year=1918|month=July}}

The following events occurred in July 1918:

File:Sultan Muhammed Chan V., Kaiser der Osmanen 1915 C. Pietzner.jpg, dies on the Ottoman throne]]

File:Russian Imperial Family 1913.jpg Nicholas and his entire family are murdered by the Bolsheviks.]]

File:Sultan Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire.jpg, last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]]

[[July 1]], 1918 (Monday)

[[July 2]], 1918 (Tuesday)

  • A U.S. munitions factory in Split Rock, New York, caught on fire and exploded, killing at least 50 workers.{{cite book |last=Foley |first=Jasena |title=The Night the Rock Blew Up: Disaster at the Split Rock Munitions Works, July 2, 1918 |editor1-first=Mark W. |editor1-last=DeLawyer |location=Interlaken, N.Y. |publisher=Heart of the Lakes Publishing |date=1988 |isbn=9781557870315 |oclc=2197409}}{{cite book |title=Town of Onondaga |first=Mary J. |last=Nowyj |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |date=2014 |isbn=9781439646748 |chapter=The Split Rock Explosion |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iadqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA109}}
  • Daily newspaper St. Thomas Times-Journal published its first edition in St. Thomas, Ontario.Copied from [http://specials.bowesonline.com/5/history-0/default2.html History of St. Thomas Times-Journal], which took it from the book {{cite book | title = St. Thomas and Its Men of Affairs | year = 1951 | publisher = The Municipal World Limited Publishers | location = St. Thomas, Ontario }}, the copyright for which expired at the end of 2001, given that it was one of the recognized "Anonymous and pseudonymous works of joint authorship" or "Anonymous and pseudonymous works" produced in Canada per [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showdoc/cs/C-42/bo-ga:l_I-gb:s_6//en#anchorbo-ga:l_I-gb:s_6 the Canadian Copyright Act ( R.S., 1985, c. C-42 ), Section 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605050331/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showdoc/cs/C-42/bo-ga:l_I-gb:s_6//en#anchorbo-ga:l_I-gb:s_6 |date=2011-06-05 }} ([http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/ShowFullDoc/cs/C-42///en full version for printing]) ([http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-42 HTML]) ([http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/PDF/C-42.pdf PDF])
  • Died:
  • Washington Gladden, 82, American religious leader, noted leader in the Social Gospel and Progressive Movements in the United States (b. 1836){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Helen Stuart Campbell, 78, American educator and industrialist, considered the pioneer of home economics (b. 1839){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

July 3, 1918 (Wednesday)

  • The Siberian intervention was launched by the Allies to extract the Czechoslovak Legion from the Russian Civil War.{{cite book| first1=Joel R.| last1=Moore| first2=Harry H.| last2=Mead| first3=Lewis E.| last3=Jahns| title=The History of the American Expedition Fighting the Bolsheviki| location=Nashville, Tenn.| publisher=The Battery Press| year=2003| pages=47–50| isbn=089839323X}}
  • Lord Lieutenant of Ireland John French issued a proclamation banning Sinn Féin, the Irish Volunteers, the Gaelic League and The Irishwomen's Council.{{Cite book |last=Holmes |first=Richard |title=The Little Field Marshal: A Life of Sir John French |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |year=2004 |orig-year=1981 |isbn=0-297-84614-0|pages=345–346}}
  • The Royal Air Force established air squadron No. 139.{{cite web|title=History of 139 Squadron| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/139squadron.cfm| website=Royal Air Force| access-date=13 December 2017}}
  • The New York City Subway added new stations to the BMT Jamaica Line, including 121st Street.{{cite news|title='L' Trains Now Run Through to Jamaica |url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/Forest%20Parkway%20NY%20Leader%20Observer/Forest%20Parkway%20NY%20Leader%20Observer%201918-1920/Forest%20Parkway%20NY%20Leader%20Observer%201918-1920%20-%200213.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2015 |publisher=Leader Observer |location=Queens/Brooklyn, NY |date=July 4, 1918 }}
  • The National Assembly of Azerbaijan established the state-run newspaper Azerbaijan.{{cite web|url=http://www.azerbaijan-news.az/|title=Azərbaycan qəzeti. Milli Məclisin orqanı|trans-title=Azerbaijan Newspaper. Component of Milli Majlis|access-date=15 December 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101231234341/http://azerbaijan-news.az/|archive-date=31 December 2010|url-status=live|language=az}}
  • Born:
  • Benjamin Thompson, American architect, founder of Design Research; in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States (d. 2002){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Ernest Vandiver, American politician, 73rd Governor of Georgia; as Samuel Ernest Vandiver Jr., in Canon, Georgia, United States (d. 2005){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Benjamin Tillman, 70, American politician, 84th Governor of South Carolina, U.S. Senator from South Carolina from 1895 to 1918 (b. 1847){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • D. A. Thomas, 62, Welsh industrialist and politician, leading developer of the coal industry in Wales, cabinet minister for the David Lloyd George administration (b. 1856){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 4]], 1918 (Thursday)

File:Hamel (AWM E02690).jpg.]]

  • Mehmed VI succeeded as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire upon the death of his half-brother Mehmed V.Freely, John, Inside the Seraglio, 1999, Chapter 16: The Year of Three Sultans.
  • Battle of Hamel – The Australian Corps under command of Lieutenant General John Monash captured Hamel, France in what became regarded as one of the most prepared battles of the entire war. Australian casualties were 1,400 while German casualties were 2,000 along with 1,600 captured.{{cite book |last=Bean |first=C.E.W |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069923/|series=Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918 |volume=VI |title=The Australian Imperial Force in France during the Allied Offensive, 1918 |publisher=Angus and Robertson |year=1942 |location=Sydney, New South Wales |oclc=41008291 |pages=280–287, 326–327}}{{cite journal |last=Richardson |first=Andrew |title=Hamel, 1918 |journal=Despatches Magazine: The Newsletter of the Australian Army History Unit |issue=1 |year=2011 |pages=32–37 |oclc=771957938}}
  • Austro-Hungarian submarine {{SMU|U-20|Austria-Hungary|6}} was torpedoed and sunk in the Adriatic Sea by an Italian submarine with the loss of all 18 crew.{{cite book | last = Grant | first = Robert M. | title = U-boats Destroyed: The Effect of Anti-submarine Warfare, 1914–1918 | location = Penzance | publisher = Periscope | orig-year = 1964 | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-1-904381-00-6 | oclc = 50215640 |page=163}}
  • The Bristol fighter aircraft was first flown.Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 196.
  • In a remarkable coincidence, two sets of famous twins were born on either side of the Atlantic Ocean on the same day. The first set were the Lederer sisters in Sioux City, Iowa, who later became known as the famous advice columnists Ann Landers and Abigail Van Buren.[https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/23/us/ann-landers-advice-giver-to-the-millions-is-dead-at-83.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm "Ann Landers, Advice Giver To the Millions, Is Dead at 83"], New York Times, June 23, 2002.{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/17/showbiz/dear-abby-pauline-phillips-obit/index.html |title=Pauline Phillips, longtime Dear Abby advice columnist, dies at 94|work=CNN News|date= January 17, 2013}} The second were the Bedser twins Alec and Eric in Reading, Berkshire, England, who both became champion professional cricket players for the Surrey County Cricket Club.[http://content.cricinfo.com/england/content/story/154636.html Alec Bedser – Cricketer of the Year 1947] (Accessed 21 May 2005) (Excerpt from Wisden Cricketer's Almanack 1947)Rob Steen, ‘Bedser, Sir Alec Victor (1918–2010)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, January 2014 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/102513 accessed 14 February 2014]
  • Born:
  • Tāufaʻāhau, Tongan noble, King of Tonga from 1965 to 2006, son of Sālote; in Nukuʻalofa, Tonga (d. 2006){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Ron Ritchie, Canadian economist, founder of the Institute for Research on Public Policy; as Ronald Stuart Ritchie, in Charing Cross, Ontario, Canada (d. 2007){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 5]], 1918 (Friday)

[[July 6]], 1918 (Saturday)

[[July 7]], 1918 (Sunday)

  • The United States Army established the Fifth Corps in France.{{cite web|title=Lineage and Honors Information - V Corps| url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/army/bnVcorps.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817021951/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/army/bnVcorps.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=August 17, 2011|website=U.S. Army History|publisher=U.S. Army|access-date=8 December 2017}}
  • Died:
  • Archbishop Andronik, 47, Russian clergy, Bishop of Perm and Solokamsk, Russia from 1914 to 1918; executed (b. 1870){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Arno Bieberstein, 34, German swimmer, gold medalist at the 1908 Summer Olympics (b. 1884){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 8]], 1918 (Monday)

[[July 9]], 1918 (Tuesday)

File:1918trainwreck.jpg in Nashville, Tennessee]]

  • An inbound local train in Nashville, Tennessee collided with an outbound express, killing 101 people and injuring 171 others in what was the deadliest train accident in American history.{{cite news|title=Nashville now and then: Off the rails| work=NashvillePost.com| first=E. Thomas| last=Wood| date=July 6, 2007}}
  • British flying ace James McCudden was killed when his aircraft crashed on take-off at Auxi-le-Château, France. He had 57 victories at the time of his death, making him the seventh-highest-scoring ace of World War I.Cole, Christopher (1967). McCudden, VC. William Kimber, London. Standard Book Number 7183 0460 8, pp. 189-196
  • The Swiss electrical engineering company Anonymous Society of Sécheron Workshops was established in Geneva.{{cite web |url=http://www.secheron.com/uk/our-group/history.html |title=Sécheron - History |date=1995–1998 |work=www.secheron.com |publisher=Secheron SA |access-date=23 December 2011 |archive-date=9 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209091508/http://www.secheron.com/uk/our-group/history.html |url-status=dead }}
  • The U.S. Army Warrant Officer Corps was established, derived from the Coastal Artillery Mine Planters service.{{cite web |title=115 U.S. Congress House Resolution 947 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-resolution/947/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22warrant+officer%5C%22%22%5D%7D&r=1 |website=United States Congress |access-date=3 July 2018}}{{cite web |title=Rank structure of the military branches to include Warrant Officers |url=https://dacipad.whs.mil/images/Public/10-Reading_Room/03_Acronyms_Terms/Military_Ranks.pdf}}
  • The Citation Star was established by the United States Congress for Americans serving in World War I, only to be replaced in 1932 by the Silver Star.{{Cite web |url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15241&CategoryId=3&grp=4&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0 |title=Institute of Heraldry, Silver Star |access-date=2018-05-20 |archive-date=2015-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928054841/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15241&CategoryId=3&grp=4&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0 |url-status=dead }}
  • The football club Independiente de Tandil was established in Tandil, Argentina.{{Cite web |url=http://clubindependiente.org/blog/historia/ |title="Independiente: Un Club con Historia" |access-date=2018-05-20 |archive-date=2010-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129062250/http://clubindependiente.org/blog/historia/ |url-status=dead }}
  • Born:
  • Jarl Wahlström, Finnish activist, 12th General of The Salvation Army; in Helsinki, Finland (d. 1999){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • U. G. Krishnamurti, Indian philosopher, noted critic of the concept of enlightenment; as Uppaluri Gopala Krishnamurti, in Machilipatnam, British India (present-day India) (d. 2007){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Nile Kinnick, American football player, halfback for the Adel and Omaha Benson High School Magnet football teams, recipient of the Heisman Trophy; in Adel, Iowa, United States (d. 1943, killed in a plane crash){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 10]], 1918 (Wednesday)

File:Emblem of the Russian SFSR (1978–1991), Emblem of Russia (1991–1992).svg]]

  • Russia adopted a new constitution that officially declared it a Soviet republic.{{cite web |title=The first Constitution of RSFSR adopted 10 July 1918 |publisher=Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library |url=http://www.prlib.ru/en-us/History/Pages/Item.aspx?itemid=588 |access-date=April 20, 2015}} The iconic Soviet emblem was released, which included the hammer and sickle wreathed in wheat (to symbolize its agricultural roots) with the red star on top. It contained the motto "Workers of the world, unite!" in the coat of arms.The law of the Russian Federation from April 21, 1992 № 2708-I «[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1978/zakony/183094/ About changes and additions of the Constitution (Basic law) of the Russian SFSR]»
  • British colonial forces defeated Egba rebels in Nigeria. The fighting cost 600 lives and lead to heavy taxation and forced labor policies in the African region until 1925.{{cite book|title=Cross and Scalpel: Jean-Marie Coquard Among the Egba of Yorubaland |first=Edmund M. |last=Hogan |year=2013 |publisher=Heinemann Educational Books |location=Portsmouth, NH |isbn=978-978-081-287-4|pages=299–313}}
  • The Denver and Interurban Railroad in Colorado ceased all operations as passenger service was replaced with buses.{{cite web|publisher=Fort Collins Municipal Railway Society|year=2008|url=http://www.fortnet.org/trolley/hist-early.php|title=FCMR History: The Early Years|access-date=July 28, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080820132915/http://fortnet.org/trolley/hist-early.php| archive-date= 20 August 2008 | url-status= live}}
  • Born:
  • Chuck Stevens, American baseball player, first baseman for the Cleveland Browns from 1941 to 1948; as Charles Augustus Stevens, Jr., in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States (d. 2018){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • James Aldridge, Australian journalist and writer, author of The Sea Eagle and The Diplomat; as Harold Edward James Aldridge, in White Hills, Victoria, Australia (d. 2015){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: Fay Kellogg, 47, American architect, advocated female membership into the École des Beaux-Arts, designer of the Woman's Memorial Hospital in Brooklyn, New York and the YWCA National War Council houses at military bases during World War I (b. 1871){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 11]], 1918 (Thursday)

[[July 12]], 1918 (Friday)

[[July 13]], 1918 (Saturday)

[[July 14]], 1918 (Sunday)

File:Abu Tellul defences 1918.jpg.]]

[[July 15]], 1918 (Monday)

Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R28717, Frankreich, deutsche Panzerschwadron.jpg used by German troops during the Second Battle of the Marne.]]

  • Second Battle of the Marne – Germany launched a major offensive against the Allies on the Western Front, with 52 German divisions attacking 44 French divisions east and west of Reims, France. The French were supported by eight American divisions, four British divisions, and two Italian divisions in the battle. On the first day, German forces managed to secure a strategic crossing over the Marne river at Dormans.{{cite book| last1=Kitchen| first1=Martin| title=The German Offensives of 1918| date=2001| publisher=Tempus| location=Stroud| pages=182–188}}{{cite book| last1=Zabecki| first1=David T.| title=The German 1918 Offensives : A case study in the operational level of war| url=https://archive.org/details/germanoffensives00zabe| url-access=limited| date=2006| publisher=Routledge| location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/germanoffensives00zabe/page/n281 257], 261}}
  • Rationing was introduced for butter, margarine, lard, meat, and sugar in the United Kingdom.{{cite book|first=Samuel J. | last=Hurwitz |title=State Intervention in Great Britain: Study of Economic Control and Social Response, 1914-1919| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQtYAQAAQBAJ| year=1949| pages=12–29| isbn=9781136931864 }}
  • RAF Driffield was established west of Driffield, England.{{cite book|last1=Philpott|first1=Ian|title=The Royal Air Force The Trenchard Years 1918 to 1929|date=2005|publisher=Pen and Sword|location=Barnsley|isbn=1-84415-154-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/royalairforceenc0000phil/page/331 331]|url=https://archive.org/details/royalairforceenc0000phil/page/331}}
  • The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway opened a new train station in San Bernardino, California, to replace the former California Southern Railroad station that was destroyed by fire in 1916.{{cite web| url=http://www.sanbag.ca.gov/about/santa-fe_history.html |author=San Bernardino Associated Governments |title=A Brief History of the Santa Fe Depot |year=2004 |access-date=July 17, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923200554/http://www.sanbag.ca.gov/about/santa-fe_history.html |archive-date=September 23, 2006 |url-status=dead }}
  • The Vancouver Police Union was established as the second unionized police force in Canada.{{cite book|first=Barbara Ann Sozan|last=Fleury|title=The Historical Development of Police Unionism: Three Case Studies from British Columbia|date=1988|publisher=MA thesis, Simon Fraser University}}
  • Paramount Pictures released the film adaptation of Uncle Tom's Cabin with young actor Marguerite Clark playing two of the child characters from the Harriet Beecher Stowe novel. The film is now considered lost.{{cite book| last=Gevinson| first=Alan |title=Within Our Gates: Ethnicity in American Feature Films, 1911-1960| year=1997| publisher=University of California Press| isbn=0-520-20964-8| page=1079}}[http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/U/UncleTomsCabin1918.html Progressive Silent Film List: Uncle Tom's Cabin] at silentera.com
  • Born:
  • Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of the neutron spectroscopy used to study matter; in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada (d. 2003){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Brenda Milner, British-Canadian medical psychologist, credited as the founder of neuropsychology; as Brenda Langford, in Manchester, England{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 16]], 1918 (Tuesday)

[[July 17]], 1918 (Wednesday)

[[July 18]], 1918 (Thursday)

[[July 19]], 1918 (Friday)

  • Honduras declared war on Germany as part of its alliance with the United States.{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/foreign.php#U |title=World War: Declarations of War from Around the World|publisher=Library of Congress}}{{cite web |url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/declarationsofwar.htm |title=Who Declared War and When|publisher = Firstworldwar.com}}
  • Second Battle of the Marne – German inflicted heavy casualties on the Italian Corps at Tardenois, France, with the Italians losing 9,334 out of a force of 24,000 men. However, British reinforcements from the 51st and 62nd Divisions arrived to plug a gap in defenses at Ardre Valley and saved the Allied line from collapsing.Everard Wyrall, The History of the 62nd (West Riding) Division 1914-1919 (undated but about 1920-25. See 62 Div external link below)
  • Seven Royal Air Force Sopwith Camel airplanes from the Royal Navy aircraft carrier {{HMS|Furious|47|6}} attacked the Imperial German Navy airship base at Tondern, Germany, destroying two Zeppelin airships.{{cite magazine |last=Layman |first=R. L. |year=1973 |title=Furious and the Tondern Raid |magazine=Warship International |volume=X |issue=4 |pages=374–385}} It was the first time an air attack using convention land planes occurred using an aircraft carrier and the most successful attack by shipboard aircraft of World War I.Layman, R.D., Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849-1922, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-87021-210-9}}, p. 61.Thetford, Owen, British Naval Aircraft Since 1912, Sixth Edition, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1991, {{ISBN|1-55750-076-2}}, p. 12
  • French passenger ship {{SS|Australien|1889|6}} was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea by German submarine {{SMU|UC-54||6}}, killing 20 of her 968 passengers and crew.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/566.html |title=Australien |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=20 December 2012}}{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=French liners sunk |date=14 August 1918 |page=6 |issue=41868 |column=B }}
  • U.S. Navy cruiser USS San Diego struck a mine and sank in the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of six crew.{{cite web|last=Bleyer |first=Bill |title=The Sinking of the San Diego |publisher=Newsday |url=http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs710a,0,6633406.story |access-date=2013-04-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813235302/http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs710a,0,6633406.story |archive-date=13 August 2007 }}
  • German submarine {{SMU|UB-110||6}} was depth charged, rammed and sunk in the North Sea by Royal Navy ship {{HMS|Garry}} with the loss of 13 crew.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+110 |title=UB 110 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=15 November 2012}}
  • The animated news short The Sinking of the Lusitania by cartoonist Winsor McCay that depicted the attack and sinking of the {{RMS|Lusitania}} went into wide release.{{cite book|last=Bottomore|first=Stephen|title=The Titanic and Silent Cinema|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2KGJJsUggtAC|year= 2000|publisher=The Projection Box|isbn=978-1-903000-00-7|page=195}}

[[July 20]], 1918 (Saturday)

  • Battle of Soissons – The French and American counteroffensive broke the German advance and forced them back, recovering most of the ground lost in the Spring Offensive.Hart, Peter (2008). 1918: A Very British Victory, Phoenix Books, London. {{ISBN|978-0-7538-2689-8}}, pp. 298-300
  • Royal Navy submarine {{HMS|E34}} struck a mine and sank off the coast of the Netherlands with the loss of all 30 crew.{{cite book|author1=Innes McCartney|author2=Tony Bryan|title=British Submarines of World War I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWFapIxWZSUC&pg=PA11|date=20 February 2013|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-4728-0035-0|pages=11–12}}
  • Royal Navy troopship {{SS|Justicia||2}}, already damaged by torpedo from German submarine {{ship|SM|UB-64||6}} the previous day, was torpedoed while at anchor in Lough Swilly, Ireland by German submarine {{ship|SM|UB-124||6}}, killing 16 of her crew.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/3222.html |title=Justicia |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=11 November 2012}}
  • Born: Sergei Scherbakov, Russian boxer, silver medalist at the 1952 Summer Olympics; in Moscow, Russian SFSR (present-day Russia) (d. 1994){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 21]], 1918 (Sunday)

  • Attack on Orleans – German submarine {{SMS|U-156|sub=y}} surfaced and fired on the seacoast town of Orleans, Massachusetts, but was driven off by two U.S. Navy seaplanes from the Naval Air Station Chatham in Chatham, Massachusetts.{{Cite book| title=Attack on Orleans: The World War I submarine raid on Cape Cod| last=Klim| first=Jake| publisher=The History Press| year=2014| isbn=9781625850348| oclc=883673275}}
  • German submarine {{SMU|UB-124||6}} was scuttled after being damaged by depth charges in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Ireland.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+124 |title=UB 124 |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=16 November 2012}}
  • Died: Francis Lupo, 23, American soldier, longest U.S. enlisted man to be missing in action (remains were discovered in 2003 and repatriated in 2006) (b. 1895){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 22]], 1918 (Monday)

  • Battle of Soissons – German commander Erich Ludendorff ordered the German line to be reorganized from Ourcq to Marfaux, France to prevent the Allies from breaking through, ending most of the fighting around Soissons.Hart 2008, pp. 298-300
  • Spain established Picos de Europa National Park, the first national park in the country, around the Lakes of Covadonga in the Picos de Europa mountain range.[http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=SPA+24&mode=all Biosphere Reserve Information], accessed 2010, when the super-reserve was described as being built up "step by step". It was followed soon after with Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park in the Pyrenees mountain range.{{cite web | url = http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/mtperdu.html | title = Pyrenees-Mont Perdu | publisher = United Nations Environment Program - World Conservation Monitoring Centre |date=January 2000 | access-date = 2008-08-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080718175546/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/mtperdu.html |archive-date = 2008-07-18}}
  • The 1st and 2nd Mounted Divisions of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force were renumbered the 4th and 5th Cavalry Divisions. As well, the 10th, 11th and 12th Cavalry Brigades for renumbered for the 4th Division and the 13th, 14th and 15th Cavalry Brigades for the 5th Division.{{cite book | last = Perry | first = F.W. | year = 1993 | title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions | publisher = Ray Westlake Military Books | location = Newport | isbn = 1-871167-23-X | pages=22, 26}}
  • The Fowler Airplane Corporation relocated its offices and manufacturing plant in San Francisco, following a massive fire that destroyed its original factory in May.San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, "Among the Members", San Francisco Chamber of Commerce Activities, San Francisco, California, Thursday 20 June 1918, Volume 5, Number 25, page 195.{{cite web| title=San Francisco Chamber of Commerce Activities| first=San Francisco Chamber of| last=Commerce| date=1 January 1918| access-date=13 October 2016| via=Google Books | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_c4AQAAMAAJ&q=Fowler+Airplane+fire+San+Francisco&pg=PA195}}
  • The Cranbrook School in Sydney was established as a boys only school headed by Frederick Perkins.{{cite web | url=http://www.schoolseek.com.au/school/cranbrook-school |title=Cranbrook School |access-date=18 January 2008 |year=2008 |work=School Directory | publisher=SchoolSeek |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222122759/http://www.schoolseek.com.au/school/cranbrook-school | archive-date=22 February 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
  • Victor Records released the Marion Harris single "After You've Gone", which became a staple for many artists including Bessie Smith, Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, Al Jolson, Judy Garland, Ella Fitzgerald, Dinah Washington and Frank Sinatra.{{cite web| title=THE ONLINE DISCOGRAPHICAL PROJECT| url=http://www.78discography.com/vic18500.html| website=THE ONLINE DISCOGRAPHICAL PROJECT| access-date=April 29, 2017}}
  • The play Friendly Enemies by Aaron Hoffman held its Broadway premier at Hudson Theatre in New York City.{{cite book |title=American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1914–1930 |last=Bordman |first=Gerald |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1995 |isbn=0-19-509078-0 |oclc=30356203 |page=82}}
  • Died:
  • Indra Lal Roy, 19, Indian air force officer, first Indian member of the Royal Air Force, recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross; killed in action (b. 1898){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Manuel González Prada, 74, Peruvian writer and activist, leading social reformer and promoter of modernism in Peru (b. 1844){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 23]], 1918 (Tuesday)

  • A protest in Uozu, Toyama, Japan by farmers over inflated rice prices escalated into a riot that spread to other farming communities across Japan. The unrest lasted for two months, with 417 reported disputes involving more than 66,000 workers, that eventually lead to the collapse of the government under Terauchi Masatake. In all, some 25,000 persons were arrested and 8,200 charged and convicted for various crimes.{{cite journal|last=Crump|first=John|year=1996|journal=Anarchist Communist Editions ACE Pamphlet|volume=8|publisher=Pirate Press|url=http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/john-crump-the-anarchist-movement-in-japan-1906-1996|title=The Anarchist Movement in Japan, 1906–1996}}{{cite book|last=MacPherson |first=WJ|year=1995|title=The Economic Development of Japan 1868–1941|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-55792-5}}
  • The United States Army established the 393rd,{{cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/regt/0393rgt.htm |title=Lineage and Honors: 393d Regiment |author=U.S. Army Center for Military History |publisher=U.S. Army Center for Military History |access-date=9 February 2010 |archive-date=8 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608025918/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/regt/0393rgt.htm |url-status=dead }} 394th,{{cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/regt/0394rgt.htm |title=Lineage and Honors: 394th Regiment |author=U.S. Army Center for Military History |publisher=U.S. Army Center for Military History |access-date=9 February 2010 |archive-date=10 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210203548/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/regt/0394rgt.htm |url-status=dead }} and 395th Infantry Regiments.{{cite web |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/regt/0395rgt.htm |title=Lineage and Honors: 395th Regiment |author=U.S. Army Center for Military History |publisher=U.S. Army Center for Military History |access-date=9 February 2010 |archive-date=21 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621044715/http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/regt/0395rgt.htm |url-status=dead }}
  • Born: Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player, shortstop for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers from 1940 to 1958; as Harold Peter Henry Reese, in Ekron, Kentucky, United States (d. 1999){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 24]], 1918 (Wednesday)

  • The Northern Dvina Governorate was established in Russia.{{cite web| url=http://www.rusarchives.ru/guide/voanpi/126sia.shtml| script-title=ru:Справка об изменениях административно-территориального устройства и сети партийных и комсомольских органов на территории Вологодской области (1917–1991)| publisher=Архивы России| language=ru| access-date=29 May 2011| archive-date=17 September 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917021817/http://www.rusarchives.ru/guide/voanpi/126sia.shtml| url-status=dead}}
  • The cornerstone of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem was laid with the campus completed and opened in 1925, making it the second oldest post-secondary education institution in Israel.{{cite web|title=A Brief History of The Hebrew University| url=http://new.huji.ac.il/en/node/452|website=Hebrew University of Jerusalem International| publisher=Hebrew University of Jerusalem International| access-date=3 December 2017}}
  • Weekly newspaper The Leader published its first edition for Angaston, Australia.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article96241313 |title=60 Years' Service on Country Press |newspaper=Recorder (Port Pirie) |issue=13,936 |location=South Australia |date=15 August 1952 |access-date=18 September 2016 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}
  • Born:
  • Antonio Candido, Brazilian literary critic and writer, co-founder of the literary magazine Clima; as Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (d. 2017){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Ruggiero Ricci, American classical musician, noted for violin performances and recordings of Niccolò Paganini; in San Bruno, California, United States (d. 2012){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 25]], 1918 (Thursday)

[[July 26]], 1918 (Friday)

[[July 27]], 1918 (Saturday)

[[July 28]], 1918 (Sunday)

  • Elections were held in Luxembourg for the 53 seats in the constitutional assembly.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p. 1234 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}}
  • Royal Navy troopship Hyperia was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Egypt by German submarine {{SMU|UB-51||6}} with the loss of 65 lives.{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2948.html |title=Hyperia |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=10 November 2012}}
  • The Serbian flag is raised alongside the American flag on the White House, at the suggestion of Serbian Inventor Mihajlo Pupin to symbolize American solidarity with Serbia in World War I. This is the only time a foreign flag was flown on the White House besides the French flag on Bastille Day, 1920.{{Cite web|title=When the Serbian Flag Flew Over the White House in WWI - World War I Centennial|url=https://www.worldwar1centennial.org/index.php/communicate/press-media/wwi-centennial-news/6836-when-the-serbian-flag-flew-over-the-white-house-in-wwi.html|access-date=2021-05-11|website=www.worldwar1centennial.org}}{{Cite web|date=2020-07-28|title=When the Serbian Flag Flew Over the White House|url=https://rs.usembassy.gov/serbian-flag-flew-over-the-white-house/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=U.S. Embassy in Serbia|language=en-US}}
  • Born: Penaia Ganilau, Fijian state leader, first President of Fiji; in Taveuni, Fiji (d. 1993){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 29]], 1918 (Monday)

[[July 30]], 1918 (Tuesday)

  • The Islamic Army of the Caucasus sent troops to counter the forming Centrocaspian Dictatorship in Baku, Azerbaijan, forcing British forces under command of Lionel Dunsterville to send Allied troops to the city.Missen 1984, pp. 2766–2772
  • Boris Donskoy, a member of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, assassinated German Field Marshal Hermann von Eichhorn in Kiev by throwing at bomb at his vehicle. Donskoy was arrested on-scene and confessed he was ordered by political party leaders to prevent von Eichhorn from undermining revolutionary change in Ukraine and bringing to power the Hetman of Ukraine as the governing body of the country. He was executed on August 10.{{cite news| title=Eichhorn Hit While Driving| url=https://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=FA0F15FF3C5D147A93C3A91783D85F4C8185F9| access-date=19 November 2017| work=The New York Times| issue=July 31, 1918| date=July 30, 1918}}
  • Lieutenant Frank Linke-Crawford, the fourth-highest-scoring flying ace for Austria-Hungary, was shot down and killed in aerial combat. He had scored 27 victories.{{cite web| title=Frank Linke-Crawford| url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/austrhun/linke-crawford.php| website=The Aerodrome| access-date=1 December 2017}}
  • The 1st Marine Aviation Force arrived at Brest, France, becoming the first United States Marine Corps aviation force to serve in combat.Knapp, Walter, "The Marines Take Wing," Aviation History, May 2012, p. 52
  • The United States Army Air Service established the 3rd Pursuit Group at the Vaucouleurs Aerodrome in France.Series "C"; Volume 11, History of the 3d-5th Pursuit Groups, Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C. via http://www.fold3.com
  • The Royal Air Force established air squadron No. 273.{{cite web|title=History of 273 Squadron| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/273squadron.cfm| website=Royal Air Force| access-date=13 December 2017}}
  • Cook County, Georgia, named after Confederate States Army General Philip Cook, was established with the county seat in Adel.{{cite web| title=State & County QuickFacts| url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13/13075.html| publisher=United States Census Bureau| access-date=June 20, 2014| archive-date=September 5, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905083940/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13/13075.html| url-status=dead}}
  • Born: Henri Chammartin, Swiss equestrian, gold medalist at the 1964 Summer Olympics (d. 2011){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
  • Died: Joyce Kilmer, 31, American journalist and poet, known for his collection Trees and Other Poems; killed in action (b. 1886){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

[[July 31]], 1918 (Wednesday)

References

{{reflist|2}}

{{Events by month links}}

1918

*1918-07