Kirikiri language

{{Short description|Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Kirikiri

|nativename=Faia

|states=Indonesia

|region=Doufo District, Puncak Regency, Papua

|speakers=250

|date=1982

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Papuan

|fam1=Lakes Plain

|fam2=Tariku

|iso3=kiy

|glotto=kiri1256

|glottorefname=Kirikiri

}}

Kirikiri (Kirira), or Faia (after its two dialects), is a Lakes Plain language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. It is spoken in Dofu Wahuka and Paniai villages.{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/ID/languages |title=Indonesia languages |work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=22nd |editor1-last=Eberhard |editor1-first=David M. |editor2-last=Simons |editor2-first=Gary F. |editor3-last=Fennig |editor3-first=Charles D. |date=2019 |location=Dallas |publisher=SIL International}}

Phonology

Kirikiri does not have many consonant phonemes, but there are many consonant allophones:{{rp|533}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"} \|+ ! colspan="2" \| !Labial !Coronal !Velar
rowspan="2" \|Stop/Fricative !voiceless \| \|t [t ~ d] \|k [k ~ g ~ x ~ ɣ]
voiced \|b [b ~ m ~ ᵐb ~ β] \|style="text-align:center;"\|d [d ~ n ~ ⁿd ~ l ~ ɾ] \|
colspan="2" \|Obstruent \|ɸ [ɸ ~ p ~ β ~ h] \|s [s ~ ʃ ~ z ~ ʒ] \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"}

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Coronal

!Velar

rowspan="2" |Stop/Fricative

!voiceless

[t ~ d]

[k ~ g ~ x ~ ɣ]

voiced

[b ~ m ~ ᵐb ~ β]

|style="text-align:center;"|d

[d ~ n ~ ⁿd ~ l ~ ɾ]

colspan="2" |Obstruent

|ɸ

[ɸ ~ p ~ β ~ h]

[s ~ ʃ ~ z ~ ʒ]

Kirikiri, like Doutai, has the fricativized high vowels iʼ and uʼ. There are 7 vowels:{{cite book |last=Foley |first=William A. |authorlink=William A. Foley |editor1-last=Palmer |editor1-first=Bill |date=2018 |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |chapter=The languages of Northwest New Guinea |series= The World of Linguistics |volume=4 |location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=433–568 |isbn=978-3-11-028642-7}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! !Front !Back
Fricated \| iʼ \| uʼ
Close \| i <ɨ> \| u
Mid \| e \|\| o
Open \| a \|\|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Front

!Back

Fricated

| iʼ

| uʼ

| i

<ɨ>

| u

Mid

| e || o

Open

| a ||

Other sources analyse the vowel phonemes differently.{{Cite journal |date=1991 |title=Unpublished Research Notes On Selected Languages and Cultures of Irian Jaya |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/56/97/85/56978589043068257760064067881121467743/Vol_12_Kirikiri_URN_photos_removed_op.pdf |journal=Summer lnstitute of Linguistics |volume=12 |pages=37–41}} One analysis published by SIL Global describes the fricativized high vowels as /i/ and /u/, analyze the close vowels as /e/ and /o/, and transcribes the mid vowels as /ɛ/ and /ɔ/.

A set of two vowels at the same tone will diphthonize, but a set of two vowels with different tones will not. Instances of /u/ between vowels or between /k/ and a vowel are realized as [w].

Kirikiri has four tones: low, high, falling, and rising. The low tone is marked V̀, the high tone is marked V́, the falling tone is marked V́V̀, and the rising tone is marked V̀V́. The syllable structure is (C)(C)V, but some speakers pronounce CCV syllables as CəCV.

Orthography

Kirikiri does not have an universally accepted orthography, but SIL Global has created one.

= Letter-to-sound correspondances (consonants) =

class="wikitable"

!Letter

!Context

!IPA

rowspan="2" |f

|word initially and word medially between vowels

|style="text-align:center;"| freely fluctuates between [ɸ], [h], and [f]

intervocalically

|style="text-align:center;"| fluctuates between [β] and [ħ]

rowspan="2" |t

|word initially

|style="text-align:center;"|[t]

before a phonetic flap and intervocalically

|style="text-align:center;"| [d]

rowspan="3" |k

|word initially and word medially between vowels

|style="text-align:center;"|[k]

between voiced segments

|style="text-align:center;"|fluctuates between [g] and [ɣ]

between vowels

|style="text-align:center;"|[x]

rowspan="3" |b

|word initially before other phonemes and word medially between vowels

|style="text-align:center;"|[b]

intervocalically

|style="text-align:center;"|fluctuates between [β] and [w]

before [a]

|style="text-align:center;"|fluctuates between [m] and [ᵐb]

rowspan="2" |d

|word initially

|style="text-align:center;"|fluctuates between [d], [n], and [ⁿd]

word medially

|style="text-align:center;"|fluctuates between [l] and [ɾ]

rowspan="3" |s

|word initially and word medially between vowels

|style="text-align:center;"|[s]

intervocalically before other vowels

|style="text-align:center;"|fluctuates between [s] and [z]

intervocalically before [iʼ]

|style="text-align:center;"|fluctuates between [ʃ] and [ʒ]

References

Category:Tariku languages

Category:Languages of Western New Guinea