List of chatbots

! Developer

! Released

! Platform

! Technology

! License

! Notes

| Amazon

| 2014-11-06

| Fire OS, iOS, Android, Linux, Windows, Wear OS{{cn|date=November 2023}}

| Largely based on a Polish speech synthesizer named Ivona, bought by Amazon in 2013{{cite web | url=https://www.sztucznainteligencja.org.pl/en/ivona-alexa-vika-or-intelligent-girls-from-gdansk/ | title=Ivona, Alexa, Vika or intelligent girls from Gdańsk | date=May 22, 2020 }}{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/24/amazon-gets-into-voice-recognition-buys-ivona-software-to-compete-against-apples-siri/|title=Amazon Gets into Voice Recognition, Buys Ivona Software to Compete Against Apple's Siri|date=January 24, 2013 }}

| {{Proprietary}}

| Virtual assistant

| Yandex

| 2017-10-10

| Windows, iOS, Android

| YandexGPT{{cite web|url= https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/17/05/2023/6464aa4e9a79473a1f0464c1?ysclid=likg8q7hgy78285088|title=«Яндекс» добавил в «Алису» аналог ChatGPT|date=17 May 2023 |publisher=www.rbc.ru|lang=ru|accessdate=2023-06-06}}

| ?

| Virtual assistant

|Alibaba Group

| 2017-07-05

| ?

| ?

| ?

| Virtual assistant

| Google

| 2016-05-18

| Android, ChromeOS, iOS, iPadOS, KaiOS, Linux, Android TV, Wear OS

| ?

| ?

| Virtual assistant

| Samsung Electronics

| 2017-04-21

| Android, Tizen, Windows, Wear OS

| ?

| {{Partial success|Proprietary, except for open-source components}}

| Virtual assistant

| Brainasoft

| 2014-02-09 or earlier{{cite journal|author1=Vladimir A. Fomichov |author2=Alexander A. Razorenov |title = The Design of A Natural Language Interface for File System Operations on the basis of a Structured Meanings Model |journal = Procedia Computer Science |volume = 31|issue = 2014 |pages= 1005–1011 |doi=10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.353| publisher=Elsevier |year=2014 | doi-access=free}}

| Windows

| Various

| {{Proprietary}}

| Virtual assistant{{cite web | last=King | first=Leo | title=Top 8 virtual personal assistants| website=Raconteur | date=15 December 2015 | url=https://www.raconteur.net/report/artificial-intelligence-for-business/top-8-virtual-personal-assistants/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726225438/https://www.raconteur.net/report/artificial-intelligence-for-business/top-8-virtual-personal-assistants/ | archive-date=26 July 2023 | url-status=dead}}{{cite journal|author1=Igor Bošnjak |author2=Luka Šaravanja |author3=Eva Čuljak |author4=Željko Stojkić |title = Planning and implementation of Digital Assistance System at University of Mostar Learning Factory | issue = 2021 | pages= 3–4 | publisher=SSRN | year=2021 | doi=10.2139/ssrn.3858378 | journal = 11th Conference on Learning Factories, CLF2021 |s2cid=242604709 }} and speech-to-text dictation{{cite web |title=Free Artificial Intelligence (AI) software for your PC|website=ZDNet |accessdate=2024-01-29 |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/free-artificial-intelligence-ai-software-for-your-pc/}} application

| Caryn Marjorie{{cite news |title=Thousands chatted with this AI 'virtual girlfriend.' Then things got even weirder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-06-27/influencers-ai-chat-caryn-marjorie |work=Los Angeles Times |date=27 June 2023}}

| 2023-05-09

| ?

| BanterAI{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/05/13/caryn-ai-technology-gpt-4/|title=An influencer's AI clone will be your girlfriend for $1 a minute|last=Lorenz|first=Taylor|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=May 13, 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/ai-powered-virtual-girlfriend-caryn-marjorie-snapchat-influencer-rcna84180|title=Snapchat influencer launches an AI-powered 'virtual girlfriend' to help 'cure loneliness'|work=NBCNews|date=May 12, 2023|last=Tolentino|first=Daysia}}{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/snapchat-sensation-caryn-marjories-ai-175416254.html|title=Snapchat Sensation Caryn Marjorie's AI Doppelgänger: Your Virtual Girlfriend For $1 Per Minute|last=Bibey|first=Chris|work=Yahoo Finance|date=12 May 2023 }}{{cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2023/05/09/snapchat-influencer-launches-carynai-virtual-girlfriend-bot-openai-gpt4/|title=A 23-year-old Snapchat influencer used OpenAI's technology to create an A.I. version of herself that will be your girlfriend for $1 per minute|work=Fortune.com|last=Sternlicht|first=Alexandra|date=May 9, 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.insider.com/carynai-ai-virtual-girlfriend-chat-gpt-rogue-filthy-things-influencer-2023-5|title=Influencer who created AI version of herself says it's gone rogue and she's working 'around the clock' to stop it saying sexually explicit things|work=Business Insider|last=Zitser|first=Josiah|date=May 11, 2023}}

| ?

|

|Huawei

| 2020-04-27

| Android, EMUI, HarmonyOS

| Huawei PanGu

| {{Proprietary}}

| Virtual assistant designed for the latest HarmonyOS and Android-based EMUI smartphones that lack Google Services and the Google Assistant{{Cite web|title=Huawei's Celia|url=https://www.androidauthority.com/huawei-celia-assistant-1098366/%26hl%3Den%3DZA|last=|first=|date=|website=Android Authority|access-date=|archive-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327130153/https://www.androidauthority.com/huawei-celia-assistant-1098366/%26hl%3Den%3DZA|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|title=International Voice Assistant Releases|url=https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/celia-voice-assistant|access-date=2020-06-12|website=TrendHunter.com|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2020-03-26|title=Huawei Launches Its Own Personal Assistant, That Sounds A Lot Like Apple's|url=https://www.androidheadlines.com/2020/03/huawei-celia-launch|access-date=2020-06-12|website=Android Headlines|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|date=2020-05-20|title=Meet Celia, Huawei's own voice assistant|url=https://www.speedmagazine.ph/meet-celia-huaweis-own-voice-assistant/|access-date=2020-06-12|website=Speed Magazine|language=en-US}}

| Chai

| 2021-09-01

| API, iOS, Android

| Chaiverse{{Cite news|date=2024-02-19|title=What is CHAI AI's Chaiverse|url=https://nexttechtoday.com/news/what-is-chai-ais-chaiverse/|access-date=2024-11-20|website=Next Tech Today|language=en-US}}

| {{Partial success|Proprietary, except for open-source components}}

|

|Text

|2019-08

|API, Web App

|?

| {{Proprietary}}

|Launched as BotEngine

| OpenAI

| 2022-11-30

| Web app, iOS, Android

| GPT-4, GPT-4o, GPT-4o mini

| {{Proprietary}}

|

| Anthropic

| 2023-03

| Web app, iOS

| Claude 2.1

| {{Proprietary}}

|

| Rollo Carpenter

| 2008-10

| Web app

| ?

| ?

| Winner of the 2010 Mechanical Intelligence Competition

| Naver Corporation

| 2017-03-01

| iOS, Android

| ?

| ?

| Virtual assistant

| DeepSeek

| 2025-01-10

| iOS, Android

| DeepSeek-R1

| ?

| Virtual assistant

| Microsoft

| 2023-02-07

| Web app, Windows, iOS, Android

| Microsoft Prometheus, GPT-4

| {{Proprietary}}

| Launched as Bing Chat

| Baidu

| 2023-03-16

| ?

| ?

| ?

|

| Google

| 2023-03-21

| Web app, Android, iOS

| Gemini (language model)

| {{Proprietary}}{{Cite web |last=David |first=Emilia |date=July 20, 2023 |title=The AI wars might have an armistice deal sooner than expected |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/20/23800755/ai-meta-llama-microsoft-chatgpt-interoperability |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720150119/https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/20/23800755/ai-meta-llama-microsoft-chatgpt-interoperability |archive-date=July 20, 2023 |access-date=July 25, 2023 |website=The Verge}}

| Virtual assistant

| Sberbank

| 2023-04

| Web app

| ?

| {{Proprietary}}

|

| xAI

| 2023-11-04

| Web app

| ?

| {{Partial success|Proprietary, Apache-2.0 (Grok-1)}}

| Limited usage for all registered users on X.

| Rollo Carpenter

| 1997

| Web app

| ?

| ?

| Predecessor to Cleverbot

| Steve Worswick

| 2005

| Web app, various social networks

| Pandorabots AIML

| ?

| Embodied five-time Loebner Prize winner designed to befriend humans in the metaverse{{Cite web|title=New trend report: Into the Metaverse|url=https://www.wundermanthompson.com/insight/new-trend-report-into-the-metaverse|access-date=2021-11-16|website=Wunderman Thompson|language=en}}{{cite web |url = http://www.mitsuku.com/ |title = Kuki Chatbot}}{{cite web|url=http://www.paulmckevitt.com/loebner2013/|title=Loebner Prize Contest 2013 |publisher=People.exeter.ac.uk |date=2013-09-14 |access-date=2013-12-02}}

| "Mango"{{Cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/d3b7na/the-story-of-lenny-the-internets-favorite-telemarketing-troll |title=The Story of Lenny, the Internet's Favorite Telemarketing Troll |first=Daniel |last=Oberhaus |date=November 21, 2018 |website=Vice.com}}{{Cite news |last=Bolton |first=Doug |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/lenny-telemarketer-bot-robot-prank-a6813081.html |title=Meet Lenny – the internet's favourite telemarketer-tricking robot |date=January 14, 2016 |work=The Independent |location=London}}

| 2011

| ?

| ?

| {{Partial success|Source-available}}

| An audio bot designed to annoy telemarketers

| Brave Software

| 2023-11-02

| Windows, macOS, Linux

| LLaMA 2, Claude

| ?

| Included with the Brave desktop browser

| Jason Hutchens

| 1995-04-30

| Web app, command line

| Markov chain (4th order){{Cite journal |last1=Hutchens |first1=Jason L. |last2=Alder |first2=Michael D. |date=1998-01-11 |title=Introducing MegaHAL |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/1603899.1603945 |journal=Proceedings of the Joint Conferences on New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning |series=NeMLaP3/CoNLL '98 |location=USA |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |pages=271–274 |isbn=978-0-7258-0634-7}}

| {{Yes|Unlicense}}

|

| Cognitive Code

| 2008-01-01

| Windows, macOS, iOS, Android

| ?

| {{Proprietary}}

| Core platform technology

| ISMaker{{cite news|title=What is Simsimi? All About the iPhone and Android App That Has the World Laughing Out Loud|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/285978/20120123/what-simsimi-iphone-android-app.htm|accessdate=25 February 2012|newspaper=International Business Times|date=23 January 2012|archive-date=21 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421141736/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/285978/20120123/what-simsimi-iphone-android-app.htm|url-status=live}}

| 2002

| Web app, iOS, Android

| ?

| ?

|

| Apple Inc.

| 2011-10-05

| iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, macOS, tvOS, audioOS, visionOS{{Cite web |url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204389 |title=Use Siri on all your Apple devices |website=support.apple.com |date=November 2023 }}{{Cite web |url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/google-assistant-beats-alexa-siri-again-in-smartphone-iq-test-2087042 |title=Google Assistant beats Alexa, Siri |website=gadgets.ndtv.com |date=August 19, 2019 }}

| ?

| ?

| Virtual assistant

| Amazon

| 2023-11-28

| Web app

| Amazon Titan, Amazon Bedrock,{{Cite web |title = What is Amazon Q Business? |url = https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazonq/latest/qbusiness-ug/what-is.html |access-date = 2024-04-24}} generative pre-trained transformers

| ?

| Developed for enterprise use

| Robert Medeksza

| 2000-12-04 or earlier{{Cite web |title = Ultra Hal assistant |url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001204/login/free.htm |date = 4 December 2000 |work = The Tribune}}

| Windows

|

| ?

| 2007 Loebner Prize winner intended to function as a virtual assistant

| Tencent

| 2017-06 (late in the month)

| ?

| ?

| ?

| Virtual assistant

! Developer

! Released

! Discontinued

! Platform

! Technology

! License

! Notes

| Robby Garner

| 1995

| ?

| The Internet

| Based on a multi-faceted approach in natural-language programming

| ?

| 1998 and 1999 Loebner Prize winner designed to mimic the way humans make conversations

| Richard Wallace

| 1995-11-23Thompson 2002, p. 2

| 2013-10-15

| ?

| AIML

| {{Yes|Open-source software}}Henderson 2007, pg. 127

| Three-time Loebner Prize winner

| Speaktoit

| 2011-03-01

| 2016-12-15

| Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Windows 8, Windows 10, ChromeOS

| ?

| ?

| A virtual assistant acquired by Google, unrelated to the Google Assistant

| ?

| 2006-04-17

| 2010-03-03{{Cite web |title = Charlix |url = https://charlix.sourceforge.net/ |access-date = 2024-02-04}}{{Psi|date=February 2024}}

| Linux

| Based on Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity

| {{Yes|Open-source software}}

| Desktop virtual assistant

| Microsoft

| 2014-04-02

| 2023-08-11

| Windows, Windows Phone, iOS, Android, Xbox OS

| Tellme Networks, Satori, Microsoft Eva

| {{Proprietary}}

| A deprecated virtual assistant succeeded by Copilot; originally named after character in Xbox Halo video game

| Creative Labs

| 1991-06 or earlier[https://books.google.com/books?id=fpQP3e54P-gC&dq=sbaitso+1991&pg=PT80 PC Mag Oct 29, 1991 p.67 advertisement]

| ?

| MS-DOS

| Speech synthesis

| ?

| Initially released in Singapore

| Joseph Weizenbaum{{Cite book |last=Berry |first=David M. |title=Hello, I'm Eliza: Fünfzig Jahre Gespräche mit Computern |publisher=Projekt Verlag |year=2018 |isbn=9783897334670 |lang=de |trans-title=Hello, I'm Eliza: Fifty Years of Conversations with Computers |editor-last=Baranovska |editor-first=Marianna |edition=1st |location=Berlin |pages=53–70 |chapter=Weizenbaum, ELIZA and the End of Human Reason |editor-last2=Höltgen |editor-first2=Stefan}}{{Cite book |title=Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation |last=Weizenbaum |first=Joseph |publisher=W. H. Freeman and Company |year=1976 |isbn=0-7167-0464-1 |location=New York}}

| 1964

| 1967 (stopped development){{Cite web |title = Alan Turing at 100 |url = http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/09/alan-turing-at-100/ |website = Harvard Gazette |date = 13 September 2012 |access-date = 2016-02-22}}

| ?

| Pattern matching, MAD-SLIP, lisp-like representation{{Cite journal |last=Berry |first=David M. |date=2023-11-06 |title=The Limits of Computation: Joseph Weizenbaum and the ELIZA Chatbot |url=https://ojs.weizenbaum-institut.de/index.php/wjds/article/view/106 |journal=Weizenbaum Journal of the Digital Society |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.34669/WI.WJDS/3.3.2 |issn=2748-5625}}

| ?

| Developed at MIT

| Vladimir Veselov, Eugene Demchenko, Sergey Ulasen{{Cite web | url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/computer-chatbot-eugene-goostman-passes-the-turing-test/ | title=Computer chatbot 'Eugene Goostman' passes the Turing test | date=8 June 2014 | publisher=ZDNet | access-date=8 June 2014 | archive-date=12 June 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612165756/http://www.zdnet.com/computer-chatbot-eugene-goostman-passes-the-turing-test-7000030312/ | url-status=live }}{{Cite web | url=http://www.reading.ac.uk/news-and-events/releases/PR583836.aspx | title=Turing Test success marks milestone in computing history | publisher=University of Reading | date=8 June 2014 | accessdate=8 June 2014 | archive-date=8 June 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608201600/http://www.reading.ac.uk/news-and-events/releases/PR583836.aspx | url-status=live }}

| 2001

| 2014-06-07

| ?

| ?

| ?

| 2012 Turing 100 and 2014 Royal Society Turing test winner some regard as having passed the Turing test

| True Knowledge

| 2012-10

| 2014-01-23

| iOS, Android

| ?

| ?

| Virtual assistant

| Robby Garner

| 1997-12-01 or earlierL. Caputo, R. Garner, P. Nathan. [http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=304915 "FRED, Milton and Barry: the evolution of intelligent agents for the Web"], Advances in intelligent systems, 1997.

portal.acm.org

| ?

| ?

| ?

| ?

|

| ActiveBuddy (under contract by Capitol Records)

| 2001-06

| 2002-03-24

| AIM

| ?

| ?

| ActiveBuddy's first offering,{{Cite news

| title = ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com

| work = Business Wire

| date = 2002-07-15

}}{{Cite news

| last = Gibes

| first = Al

| title = Circle of buddies grows ever wider

| work = Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada)

| date = 2002-03-25

}} specializing in Radiohead-related information{{Cite news

| last = Gibes

| first = Al

| title = Circle of buddies grows ever wider

| work = Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada)

| date = 2002-03-25

}}

| Kevin Lenzo

| 1995-06

| ?

| IRC

| Perl, factoids

| {{Yes|Artistic License}}

| An IRC bot primarily designed to assist with answering FAQs in channels such as #perl{{Cite journal

| last = Lenzo

| first = Kevin

| title = Infobots and Purl

| journal = The Perl Journal

| volume = 3

| number = 2

| date = Summer 1998

| access-date = 2010-07-26

| url = http://www.foo.be/docs/tpj/issues/vol3_2/tpj0302-0002.html

}}

| C.J. Jones

| 2007-02[https://www.chatbots.org/chatterbot/jeeney_a.i/ Chatbot Jeeney A.I.], chatbots.org (Retrieved 21 February 2024).

| 2010

| ?

| ?

| ?

| 2009 Chatterbox Challenge winnerEhab El-agizy, (June 30 2009) [http://www.chatbots.org/awards/announcement/chatterbox_challenge_2009_winners/ Chatterbox Challenge 2009 Winners], chatbots.org

| Rob Pike, Bruce Ellis, Don P. Mitchell

| 1981

| ?

| Usenet

| Markov chain techniques

| ?

| A synthetic user whose postings in the net.singles newsgroups were generated based on text from other postings

| Mycroft team

| 2015-11-17

| 2023-01-31

| Linux

| ?

| {{Yes|Apache License}}{{Cite web | url=https://mycroft.ai/blog/right-license/ | title=Having the Right license is just as important as having a License| date=28 June 2017}}

| Virtual assistant

| Kenneth Colby

| 1972

| ?

| ?

| ?

| ?

| An early example of a chatbot

| Mindscape (publisher)

| 1984

| ?

| IBM PC compatibles, Apple II, Mac, Amiga

| ?

| ?

| Was able to generate English-language prose at random{{cite book

| last = Chamberlain

| first = Bill

| authorlink = William Chamberlain (technologist)

| title = The Policeman's Beard Is Half Constructed

| publisher = UbuWeb, Warner Books

| isbn = 0-446-38051-2

| year = 1984

| url = https://archive.org/details/policemansbeardi0000unse

| accessdate = 2009-07-02

| url-access = registration

}}

| ActiveBuddy

| 2001-06

| 2006-10-12

| AIM, Windows Live Messenger

| ?

| ?

| The second bot released by ActiveBuddy{{Cite news

| title = ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com

| work = Business Wire

| date = 2002-07-15

}}

| Google DeepMind

| 2022-09

| 2023-01-12

| Web app

| Chinchilla

| {{Proprietary}}

|

| Microsoft

| 2016-03-23

| 2016-03-24

| Twitter

| ?

| ?

| Rapidly decayed into producing racist bigotry after manipulation by online trolls (from 4chan and 8chan); suspended after 16 hours{{Cite web |last=Tung |first=Liam |date=24 March 2016 |title=Microsoft's Tay AI chatbot goes offline after being taught to be a racist |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsofts-tay-ai-chatbot-goes-offline-after-being-taught-to-be-a-racist/ |website=ZDNet |quote=The internet teaches Microsoft a lesson in the dangers of artificial intelligence and public interaction... Microsoft's millennial-talking AI chatbot, Tay.ai, has taken a break from Twitter after humans taught it to parrot a number of inflammatory and racist opinions... Microsoft had launched Tay on Wednesday, aiming it at people aged between 18 and 24 years in the US. But after 16 busy hours of talking on subjects ranging from Hitler to 9/11 conspiracies, Tay has gone quiet.}}{{cite magazine |last1=Reeve |first1=Elspeth |title=Tay Exposes the Fairy Tales We Tell Ourselves About Racists |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/132039/tay-exposes-fairy-tales-tell-racists |magazine=The New Republic |access-date=11 July 2024 |quote=Tay lived for just 16 hours, until Microsoft “became aware of a coordinated effort by some users to abuse Tay’s commenting skills” to make her a Nazi. The /pol/ boards on 4chan and 8chan—/pol/ stands for “politically incorrect”—are where that coordination took place.}}

| Avaya

| 1997

| 2012 (early in the year)

| Microsoft Windows, web app

| ?

| ?

| An artificial intelligence software development kit{{Cite web

| first = Joshua

| last = Quittner

| title = WHAT'S HOT IN BOTS

| publisher = Time Magazine

| date = 1997-12-08

| url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987519,00.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070428130357/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987519,00.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = April 28, 2007 }}

| Viv Labs, Inc. (subsidiary of Samsung Electronics)

| 2016-05-09

| 2017-10-18

| iOS, Android

| Integrated into Bixby 2.0

| ?

| Virtual assistant