List of former European colonies#Asia-Pacific
{{incomplete list|date=April 2023}}
{{Short description|none}}
This is a list of former European colonies.
The European countries which had the most colonies throughout history were:
United Kingdom (130), France (90), Portugal (52), Spain (44), Netherlands (29), Germany (20), Russia (17), Denmark (9), Sweden (8), Italy (7), Norway (6), Belgium (3), and Courland (2).
{{Horizontal TOC|nonum=yes|limit=2}}
North America
= Denmark =
| class="wikitable"
!Name !Capital or main city !From !To !Ruling power |
| rowspan="2" |Danish West Indies
| rowspan="2" |Charlotte Amalie |1672 |1814 |
| 1814
|1917 |
| rowspan="2" |South Greenland
| rowspan="2" |Godthåb |1782 |1814 |
| 1814
|1950 |
| rowspan="2" |North Greenland
| rowspan="2" |Godhavn |1782 |1814 |
| 1814
|1950 |
| Colony of Greenland
|1950 |1953 |
| County of Greenland
|1953 |1979 |
| Greenland
|Nuuk |1979 |present |
= France =
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Name !Capital or main city !From !To !Ruling power |
| New France
|1534 |1763 |
| Canada
|1535 |1763 |
| Acadia
|1604 |1713 |
| rowspan="2" |Saint-Domingue
| rowspan="2" |Port-au-Prince |1659 |1792 |
| 1792
|1803 |
| rowspan="2" |Illinois
| rowspan="2" |St. Louis |1675 |1769 |
| 1801
|1803 |
| rowspan="2" |Louisiana
| rowspan="2" |New Orleans |1682 |1762 |
| 1801
|1803 |
| Île-Royale
|1713 |1763 |
==Great Britain==
- British America (New Britain)
- Canada
- Island of St. John
- Lower Canada
- Province of Quebec
- Upper Canada
- Newfoundland Colony
- "Thirteen Colonies" (The United States of America)
- New England Colonies:
- Province of Massachusetts Bay
- Province of New Hampshire
- Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
- Connecticut Colony
- Province of New York
- Province of New Jersey
- Province of Pennsylvania
- Delaware Colony
- Province of Maryland
- Colony of Virginia
- Province of North Carolina
- Province of South Carolina
- Province of Georgia
- Other North American colonies
- Province of East Florida
- Province of West Florida
- British Honduras
- Bay Islands
==Iceland==
==Netherlands==
- New Netherland (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)
==Norway==
==Russia==
==Scotland==
==Spain==
- Mexico (1521)
- Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)
- Las Californias
- Nuevo Reino de León
- Nuevo Santander
- Nueva Vizcaya
- Santa Fe de Nuevo México
- Nueva Extremadura
- Nueva Galicia
- Captaincy General of Cuba
- Puerto Rico
- Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)
- Captaincy General of Guatemala
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- East Florida and West Florida
==Sweden==
= Caribbean =
==Brandenburg==
== Courland ==
==Denmark-Norway==
==France==
{{div col}}
- Anguilla
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Dominica
- Grenada
- Montserrat
- Nevis
- Saint Christophe (St Kitts)
- Saint Croix
- Saint-Domingue (Hispaniola)
- Sainte-Lucia (St Lucia)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Sint Eustatius
- Tobago
{{div col end}}
==Knights of Malta==
- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint Martin
- Saint Christopher (St Kitts)
- Saint Croix
- Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)
==Netherlands==
==Spain==
==Sweden==
==Sweden-Norway==
- Cooper Island
- Saint-Barthélemy (1814–1878)
==United Kingdom==
South America
=Augsburg/Nuremberg=
=France=
- Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly)
(see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale)
- Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands)
=Netherlands=
- Berbice (Guyana)
- Demerara
- Dutch colonisation of the Guianas, overview
- Surinam (Suriname)
- Essequibo
- New Holland (Brazil – Half the captaincies)
=Portugal=
=Spain=
- Kingdom of Tierra Firme (1498–1537)
- Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–1513)
- Governorate of Castilla de Oro (1514–1539)
- Governorate of New Castile (1529–1542)
- Governorate of New Toledo (1529–1542)
- Governorate of New León (1529–1539)
- Governorate of New Andalusia (1534–1617)
- Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1824)
- New Kingdom of Granada (1538–1717) (1723–1739)
- Real Audiencia of Panamá (1538–1717) (1723–1739)
- Captaincy General of Chile (1541–1818)
- Real Audiencia of Lima (1542–1821)
- Governorate of the Río de la Plata (1549–1776)
- Real Audiencia of Charcas (1559–1776)
- Real Audiencia of Quito (1563–1717) (1723–1739)
- Real Audiencia of Concepción (1565–1575)
- Governorate of Guayrá (1617–1776)
- Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires (1661–1671)
- Real Audiencia of Cuzco (1787–1825)
- Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1723) (1739–1810) (1815–1822)
- Real Audiencia of Panamá (1717–1723) (1739–1752)
- Real Audiencia of Quito (1717–1723) (1739–1822)
- Captaincy General of Venezuela (1777–1824)
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1814)
- Governorate of Paraguay (1776–1782)
- Real Audiencia of Charcas (1776–1821)
- Upper Peru (1821–1825)
=United Kingdom=
Africa
=Belgium=
=Brandenburg=
- Arguin (in Mauritania)
- Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
=Courland=
=Denmark-Norway=
- Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
=France=
{{div col}}
- Albreda (in The Gambia)
- Comoros
- French Dahomey (Benin)
- French Algeria
- French Cameroon (91% of modern Cameroon)
- French Chad
- French Congo (Republic of the Congo)
- French Guinea (Guinea)
- French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso)
- French Somaliland (Djibouti)
- French Sudan (Mali)
- French Togoland (Togo)
- French Madagascar
- Gabon
- Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
- Colonial Mauritania
- French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco)
- Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic)
- Senegal
- Senegambia and Niger
- Upper Senegal and Niger
- Colony of Niger
- French protectorate of Tunisia
{{div col end}}
=Germany=
- German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania)
- German South-West Africa (Namibia)
- Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria)
- Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana)
- Wituland (Lamu Island, owned by Kenya)
= Hospitaller Malta =
=Italy=
=Netherlands=
- Arguin Island (in Mauritania)
- Dutch Cape Colony
- Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina)
- Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda)
- Gorée (Senegal)
- Moçambique (Delagoa Bay)
- São Tomé
- South Africa
- Mauritius
=Portugal=
- Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin)
- Portuguese Angola
- Annobón
- Cabinda
- Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
- Ceuta
- Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá
- Gorée (in Senegal)
- Malindi
- Mombasa
- Algarve Ultramar (Morocco)
- Agadir
- Alcacer Ceguer
- Arzila
- Azamor
- Mazagan
- Mogador
- Safim
- Nigeria (Lagos area)
- Mozambique
- Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana)
- Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau)
- Quíloa
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Tangier
- Zanzibar
- Ziguinchor
=Spain=
=Sweden=
- Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)
=United Kingdom=
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan)
- Basutoland (Lesotho)
- Balleland (Benin)
- Bechuanaland (Botswana)
- British East Africa (Kenya)
- British Somaliland (Somaliland)
- British Togoland (eastern Ghana)
- British Cameroon (split between Nigeria and Cameroon)
- British Mauritius
- British Egypt
- Khedivate of Egypt
- Sultanate of Egypt
- Kingdom of Egypt
- Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- Gold Coast (Ghana)
- Colonial Nigeria
- Niger Coast Protectorate
- Northern Nigeria Protectorate
- Southern Nigeria Protectorate
- Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
- Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
- Nyasaland (Malawi)
- Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
- Union of South Africa
- British Cape Colony
- Natal Colony
- Orange River Colony
- Transvaal Colony
- South West Africa (Namibia)
- Walvis Bay
- Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
- Swaziland (Eswatini)
- Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania)
- Uganda Protectorate
- Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)
West Asia
=France=
=Netherlands=
- Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca)
- Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)
=Portugal=
=United Kingdom=
{{div col}}
- Aden Protectorate
- Bahrain
- Cyprus
- Mandatory Iraq
- Sheikhdom of Kuwait
- Muscat and Oman
- Mandatory Palestine
- Qatar
- South Arabia
- Emirate of Transjordan
- Trucial States
{{div col end}}
South Asia
=Indian Ocean Area=
==France==
==Netherlands==
- Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)
==Portugal==
==Austria==
==United Kingdom==
=Mainland=
==Denmark-Norway==
- Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands)
- Serampore
- Tranquebar
==France==
==Netherlands==
==Portugal==
{{div col}}
- Bombay
- Calicut
- Cambay
- Cannanore
- Ceilão
- Chaul
- Chittagong
- Cochin
- Dadra and Nagar Haveli
- Daman and Diu
- Goa
- Hughli
- Masulipatnam
- Mangalore
- Pegu
- Surat
- Syriam
{{div col end}}
==Sweden==
==United Kingdom==
Asia-Pacific
=France=
=Germany=
{{div col}}
- German New Guinea
- Bismarck Archipelago
- Caroline Islands (Karolinen)
- Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
- North Solomon Islands
- Gilbert Islands
- German Samoa
- Marshall Islands
- Nauru
- Northern Marianas Islands (Marianen)
- Palau
{{div col end}}
=Netherlands=
- Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
- Dutch New Guinea (Western Part of Papua, Indonesia)
- Malacca
- Dutch Formosa
=Portugal=
=Spain=
=United Kingdom=
- British Burma
- Australia
- New South Wales
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Swan River Colony/Western Australia
- Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania)
- Victoria
- British Solomon Islands
- British Western Pacific Territories
- Christmas Island
- Cocos Islands
- Colonial Fiji
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu)
- Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands)
- New Zealand
- Auckland Islands
- Niue
- Norfolk Island
- Territory of Papua and New Guinea
- Territory of New Guinea
- Western Samoa
- Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati)
- Solomon Islands
- Territory of Papua
- Tokelau
- Tonga
- Southeast Asia
- Malaysia
- British Malaya
- Federated Malay States
- Straits Settlements
- Unfederated Malay States
- British Borneo
- North Borneo
- Kingdom of Sarawak
- Brunei
- Singapore
- China
- Hong Kong
Europe
=Denmark=
{{see also | Danish overseas colonies}}
=Italy=
{{see also|Colonia (Roman)|Venetian Empire|Genoese Empire}}
= Spain =
=Norway=
{{see also|Norwegian overseas colonies}}
=United Kingdom=
{{see also | British Empire}}
- Cyprus
- Ionian islands (now part of Greece)
- Ireland
- Malta
- Menorca (now part of Spain)
- Heligoland (now part of Germany)
See also
{{div col}}
- Austrian colonial policy
- Belgian colonial empire
- British colonial empire
- Danish colonial empire
- Dutch colonial empire
- French colonial empire
- German colonial empire
- List of former German colonies
- Italian colonial empire
- Portuguese colonial empire
- Evolution of the Portuguese Empire
- Russian colonial empire
- Spanish colonial empire
- Swedish colonial empire
{{div col end}}