List of natural disasters by death toll#Earthquakes

| 1931 China floods

| rowspan="3" | China

| {{dts|July 1931}}

| 1887 Yellow River flood

| {{dts|September 1887}}

| 2010 Haiti earthquake

| Haiti

| {{dts|2010|1|12}}

| 526 Antioch earthquake

| Byzantine Empire (now Hatay/Turkey)

| {{dts|526|5}}

| 1839 Coringa cyclone

| Andhra Pradesh, India

| {{dts|November 25, 1839}}

| 1737 Calcutta cyclone

| West Bengal and Bangladesh

| {{dts|October 1737}}

| 1920 Haiyuan earthquake

| China

| {{dts|1920|12|16}}

| 6,000–12,000

| 1900 Galveston hurricane

| United States

| Tropical cyclone

| September 9

| 9,500

| 1901 eastern United States heat wave

| United States

| Heat wave

| June–July

| 29,000

| 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée

| Martinique

| Volcanic eruption

| April–August

| 3,500

| 1903 Manzikert earthquake

| Turkey

| rowspan="3"|Earthquake

| April 29

| 400

| 1904 Sichuan earthquake

| China

| August 30

| 20,000+

| 1905 Kangra earthquake

| India

| April 4

| 15,000

| 1906 Hong Kong typhoon

| Hong Kong

| Tropical cyclone

| September 18

| 12,000–15,000

| 1907 Qaratog earthquake

| Uzbekistan

| rowspan="4"|Earthquake

| October 21

| 75,000–82,000

| 1908 Messina earthquake

| Italy

| December 28

| 6,000–8,000

| 1909 Borujerd earthquake

| Iran

| January 23

| 2,450

| 1910 Costa Rica earthquakes

| Costa Rica

| May 4

| 41,072{{cite news|url=https://mothernature.news/2019/07/02/frances-70-day-heatwave-of-1911-killed-41000-in-crushing-heat-most-were-infants|title=France's 70-Day Heatwave Of 1911 Killed 41,000 In 'Crushing Heat', Most Were Infants|website=mothernature.news|date=2 July 2019|access-date=18 July 2022|archive-date=July 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718182508/https://mothernature.news/2019/07/02/frances-70-day-heatwave-of-1911-killed-41000-in-crushing-heat-most-were-infants/|url-status=live}}

| 1911 France heat wave

| France

| Heat wave

| June–August

| 50,000–220,000

| 1912 China typhoon

| China

| Tropical cyclone

| August 29

| 942–1,900

| 1913 Eshan earthquake

| China

| rowspan="3"|Earthquake

| December 21

| 2,344

| 1914 Burdur earthquake

| Turkey

| October 4

| 29,978-32,610

| 1915 Avezzano earthquake

| Italy

| January 13

| 2,000–10,000

| White Friday avalanches

| Italy

| Avalanche

| December 13

| 1,500

| 1917 Bali earthquake

| Indonesia

| rowspan="2"|Earthquake

| January 21

| 1,000

| 1918 Shantou earthquake

| China

| February 13

| 5,000

| 1919 Kelud mudflow

| Indonesia

| Volcanic eruption

| May 19

| 258,707–273,407

| 1920 Haiyuan earthquake

| China, Mongolia

| Earthquake

| December 16

| 215

| September 1921 San Antonio floods

| United States

| Flood

| September 7 –11

| 50,000–100,000+

| 1922 Shantou typhoon

| Philippines, China

| Tropical cyclone

| July 27 –August 3

| 105,385-142,800

| 1923 Great Kantō earthquake

| Japan

| Earthquake

| September 1

| 1,000

| Great flood of 99

| India

| Flood

| July

| 5,000

| 1925 Dali earthquake

| China

| Earthquake

| March 16

| 709

| 1926 Havana–Bermuda hurricane

| Cuba, United States, Bahamas, Bermuda

| Tropical cyclone

| October 14 –28

| 40,912

| 1927 Gulang earthquake

| China, Tibet

| Earthquake

| May 22

| 4,112+

| 1928 Okeechobee hurricane

| United States, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Bahamas, Dominica,

| Tropical cyclone

| September 12 –21

| 3,257–3,800

| 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake

| Iran, Turkmenistan

| Earthquake

| May 1

| 2,000–8,000

| 1930 San Zenón hurricane

| Dominican Republic

| Tropical cyclone

| September 3

| 422,499–4,000,000

| 1931 China floods

| China

| Flood

| July – November

| 3,103+

| 1932 Cuba hurricane

| Cayman Islands, Cuba

| Tropical cyclone

| November 9

| 6,865–9,300

| 1933 Diexi earthquake

| China

| rowspan="2"|Earthquake

| August 25

| 10,700–12,000

| 1934 Nepal–India earthquake

| Nepal, India

| January 15

| 145,000

| 1935 Yangtze flood

| China

| Flood

| July 6

| 5,000+

| 1936 North American heat wave

| United States, Canada

| Heat wave

| June – September

| 11,021

| 1937 Great Hong Kong typhoon

| China

| Tropical cyclone

| September 2

| 715+

| 1938 Hanshin flood

| Japan

| Flood

| July

| 32,700–32,968

| 1939 Erzincan earthquake

| Turkey

| rowspan="3"|Earthquake

| December 27

| 1,000

| 1940 Vrancea earthquake

| Romania

| November 10

| 1,200

| 1941 Jabal Razih earthquake

| Yemen

| January 11

| 61,000

| 1942 West Bengal cyclone

| India

| Tropical cyclone

| October 14 – 18

| 2,824-5,000

| 1943 Tosya–Ladik earthquake

| Turkey

| rowspan="4"|Earthquake

| November 27

| 10,000

| 1944 San Juan earthquake

| Argentina

| January 15

| 4,000

| 1945 Balochistan earthquake

| Pakistan

| November 28

| 2,550

| 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake

| Dominican Republic

| August 4

| 1,077

| Typhoon Kathleen

| Japan

| Tropical cyclone

| September 15

| 10,000–110,000

| 1948 Ashgabat earthquake

| Soviet Union, Iran

| Earthquake

| October 6

| 7,200

| 1949 Khait earthquake

| Tajikistan

| rowspan="2"|Earthquake

| July 10

| 4,800

| 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake

| India, China

| August 15

| 4,800

| 1951 Manchuria flood

| China

| Flood

| September 18

| 2,336

| 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake

| Russia

| Earthquake

| November 4

| 2,551

| North Sea flood of 1953

| Netherlands, Belgium, England, Scotland

| rowspan="2" | Flood

| January 31–February 1

| 33,000

| 1954 Yangtze floods

| China

| June – September

| 1,023+

| Hurricane Janet

| Lesser Antilles, Mexico

| rowspan="2" | Tropical cyclone

| September 22 – 30

| 4,935

| Typhoon Wanda

| China

| August 1

| 1,500

| 1957 Sangchal earthquake

| Iran

| Earthquake

| July 2

| 1,269

| Typhoon Ida

| rowspan="2" | Japan

| rowspan="8" | Tropical cyclone

| rowspan="2" | September 26

| 5,098

| Typhoon Vera

| 14,174

| Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten

| rowspan="2" | East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)

| October 31

| 11,468

| Cyclone Winnie

| May 6 – 9

| 50,935

| Tropical Storm Harriet

| Thailand, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)

| October 19 – 31

| 22,000

| Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Two

| East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)

| May 28

| 7,000

| Tropical Storm Joan

| Vietnam

| November 4 – 11

| 47,000

| 1965 Bengal cyclones

| East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)

| May 11 – 12 and June 1 – 2

| 8,064

| 1966 Xingtai earthquakes

| China

| Earthquake

| March 22

| 10,000

| 1967 Paradip cyclone{{cite web|title=98 cyclones hit Odisha from 1891 to '18|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/98-cyclones-hit-odisha-from-1891-to----18.html|publisher=The Pioneer|access-date=5 February 2023|archive-date=February 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205032836/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/state-editions/98-cyclones-hit-odisha-from-1891-to----18.html|url-status=live}}

| India

| Tropical cyclone

| October 26

| 15,000

| 1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquakes

| Iran

| rowspan="2" | Earthquake

| August 31

| 3,000

| 1969 Yangjiang earthquake

| China

| July 26

| 300,000-500,000

| 1970 Bhola cyclone

| India, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)

| Tropical cyclone

| November 13

| 100,000

| Hanoi and Red River Delta flood

| North Vietnam

| Flood

| August 1

| 5,374

| 1972 Qir earthquake

| Iran

|rowspan="3"|Earthquake

| April 10

| 4,000-11,000

| 1972 Managua earthquake

| Nicaragua

| December 23

| 2,175–2,204

| 1973 Luhuo earthquake

| China

| February 6

| 8,210+

| Hurricane Fifi–Orlene

| Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico

|rowspan="2"|Tropical cyclone

| September 18 – 20

| 26,000-240,000

| 1975 Banqiao Dam Failure disaster triggered by Typhoon Nina

| rowspan="2" | China

| August 7

| 242,419–655,000{{efn|name="Tangshan"}}

| 1976 Tangshan earthquake

| Earthquake

| July 28

| 10,000–50,000

| 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone

| India

| Tropical cyclone

| November 19

| 15,000–25,000

| 1978 Tabas earthquake

| Iran

| Earthquake

| September 16

| 2,078

| Hurricane David

| Dominican Republic, Dominica

| Tropical cyclone

| August 15 – September 8

| 2,633-5,000

| 1980 El Asnam earthquake

| Algeria

| rowspan="4" | Earthquake

| October 10

| 3,000

| 1981 Golbaf earthquake

| Iran

| June 11

| 2,800

| 1982 North Yemen earthquake

| Yemen

| December 13

| 1,342

| 1983 Erzurum earthquake

| Turkey

| October 30

| 1,474

| Typhoon Ike

| Philippines

| Tropical cyclone

| August 26 – September 6

| 23,000

| Armero tragedy

| Colombia

| Volcanic eruption

| November 13

| 1,746

| Lake Nyos disaster

| Cameroon

| Limnic eruption

| August 21

| 1,000

| 1987 Ecuador earthquakes

| Ecuador

| rowspan="2" | Earthquake

| March 6

| 25,000-50,000

| 1988 Armenian earthquake

| Armenia

| December 7

| 3,814

| 1989 Sichuan flood

| China

| Flood

| July 27

| 35,000-45,000

| 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake

| Iran

| Earthquake

| June 21

| 138,866

| 1991 Bangladesh cyclone

| Bangladesh

| Tropical cyclone

| April 24 – 30

| 2,500

| 1992 Flores earthquake and tsunami

| Indonesia

| Earthquake, Tsunami

| December 12

| 9,748

| 1993 Latur earthquake

| India

| Earthquake

| September 30

| 3,063

| Typhoon Fred

| China, Taiwan

| Tropical cyclone

| August 21

| 6,434

| Great Hanshin earthquake

| Japan

| Earthquake

| January 17

| 1,077

| 1996 Andhra Pradesh cyclone

| India

| Tropical cyclone

| November 4 – 7

| 3,123

| Tropical Storm Linda

| Vietnam, Thailand

| Tropical cyclone, Flood

| November 1 – 9

| 11,374

| Hurricane Mitch

| Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico

| Tropical cyclone

| October 22 – November 9

| 10,000-30,000

| Vargas tragedy

| Venezuela

| Mudslide, Flood

| December 14 – 16

| 700–800

| 2000 Mozambique flood

| Mozambique

| Flood

| February – March

| 13,805–20,023

| 2001 Gujarat earthquake

| India

| rowspan="2" | Earthquake

| January 26

| 1,200

| 2002 Hindu Kush earthquakes

| Afghanistan

| March 25

| 72,000

| 2003 European heat wave

| Europe

| Heat wave

| July – August

| 227,898

| 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

| Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Maldives, Somalia

| Earthquake, Tsunami

| December 26

| 86,000–87,351

| 2005 Kashmir earthquake

| India, Pakistan

| rowspan="2" | Earthquake

| October 8

| 5,749–5,778

| 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake

| Indonesia

| May 26

| 15,000

| Cyclone Sidr

| Bangladesh, India

| rowspan="2" | Tropical cyclone

| November 11 – 16

| 138,373

| Cyclone Nargis

| Myanmar

| April 27 – May 3

| 1,115

| 2009 Sumatra earthquakes

| Indonesia

| Earthquake

| September 30

| 100,000–316,000

| 2010 Haiti earthquake

| Haiti

|Earthquake

| January 12

| 19,749

| 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

| Japan

| Earthquake, Tsunami

| March 11

| 1,901

| Typhoon Bopha

| Philippines

| rowspan="2" | Tropical cyclone

| December 4 – 5

| 6,340

| Typhoon Haiyan

| Philippines, Vietnam, China

| November 8 – 10

| 2,700

| 2014 Badakhshan mudslides

| Afghanistan

| Landslide

| May 2

| 8,964

| April 2015 Nepal earthquake

| Nepal, India

| Earthquake

| April 25

| 1,111{{cite report|title=Guidelines for Preparation of Action Plan – Prevention and Management of Heat-Wave|year=2017|publisher=National Disaster Management Authority Government of India|url=https://ndma.gov.in/images/guidelines/heatwaveguidelines2017.pdf|access-date=July 12, 2021|archive-date=September 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927050913/https://ndma.gov.in/images/guidelines/heatwaveguidelines2017.pdf|url-status=live}}

| 2016 Indian heat wave

| India

| Heat wave

| April – May

| 3,059

| Hurricane Maria

| Puerto Rico, Dominica

| Tropical cyclone

| September 19 – 21

| 4,340

| 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami

| Indonesia

| Earthquake, Tsunami

| September 28

| 3,951+

| 2019 European heat waves

| Europe

| Heat wave

| June – July

| 6,511

| 2020 South Asian floods

| Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

| Floods

| May – October

| 2,248

| 2021 Haiti earthquake

| Haiti

| Earthquake

| August 14

| 24,501

| 2022 European heatwaves

| Europe

| Heat wave

| June 12 – September 12

| 59,259–62,013

| 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes

| Turkey, Syria

| Earthquake

| February 6

| 1,878

| 2024 India floods

| India

| Floods

| 26 May – 30 September

| 5,407

| 2025 Myanmar earthquake

| Myanmar, Thailand

| Earthquake

| 28 March

|rowspan="2"| {{nts|100000}}

| 1786 Dadu River landslide dam; triggered by the 1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake{{cite web|title=The Landslide Problem|url=http://lib.icimod.org/record/24788/files/c_attachment_366_4410.pdf|publisher=IciMod|access-date=July 20, 2018|archive-date=July 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720052012/http://lib.icimod.org/record/24788/files/c_attachment_366_4410.pdf|url-status=live}}

| rowspan="3" | China

| {{dts|1786}}

| {{nts|70,001}}+

| Landslides triggered by the 1718 Tongwei–Gansu earthquake.{{cite journal|last1=Sun|first1=P.|last2=Li|first2=R.|last3=Jiang|first3=H.|last4=Igwe|first4=O.|last5=Shi|first5=J.|title=Earthquake-triggered landslides by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake in Gansu Province, northwest China|journal=Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment|date=2017|volume=76|issue=4|pages=1281–1295|doi=10.1007/s10064-016-0949-4|s2cid=132033294}}

| {{dts|1718}}

| {{nts|22000}}

| 1970 Huascarán avalanche; triggered by the 1970 Ancash earthquake{{Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FwcAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18|page=17|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=Oct 1970|title=The Peru Earthquake: A Special Study|date=October 1970|issue=8|doi=10.1080/00963402.1970.11457853|bibcode=1970BuAtS..26h..17.|access-date=March 14, 2016|archive-date=September 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917041829/https://books.google.com/books?id=FwcAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18|url-status=live}}

| Peru

| {{dts|1970}}

| {{nts|10,000}}–30,000

| Vargas tragedy{{cite web|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0144/|title=Debris-flow and flooding hazards associated with the December 1999 storm in coastal Venezuela and strategies for mitigation|vauthors=Wieczorek GF, Larsen MC, Eaton LS, Morgan BA, Blair JL|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=December 2, 2002|access-date=March 31, 2010|archive-date=April 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407131610/http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0144/|url-status=live}}

| Venezuela

| 1999

| White Friday avalanches{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soldiers-perish-in-avalanche-as-world-war-i-rages|title=This Day in History|access-date=December 14, 2014|archive-date=December 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213103904/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soldiers-perish-in-avalanche-as-world-war-i-rages|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://prezi.com/w5ed4ctm4fpn/the-italian-alps-avalanche-of-1916/|title=The Italian Alps Avalanche of 1916|date=March 11, 2013|access-date=December 14, 2014|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002202756/https://prezi.com/w5ed4ctm4fpn/the-italian-alps-avalanche-of-1916/|url-status=live}}

| Italy

| {{dts|1916}}

| {{nts|5,000}}–28,000

| Khait landslide{{cite journal|last=Evans|first=S.G.|author2=Roberts N.J.|author3=Ischuck A.|author4=Delaney K.B.|author5=Morozova G.S.|author6=Tutubalina O.|name-list-style=amp|date=November 20, 2009|title=Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life|journal=Engineering Geology|volume=109|issue=3–4|pages=195–212|doi=10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.08.007|bibcode=2009EngGe.109..195E}}{{cite journal|last=Yablokov|first=Alexander|date=February 2001|title=The Tragedy of Khait: A Natural Disaster in Tajikistan|journal=Mountain Research and Development|volume=21|issue=1|pages=91–93|jstor=3674137|doi=10.1659/0276-4741(2000)021[0091:TTOKAN]2.0.CO;2|doi-access=free}}

| Tajikistan

| {{dts|1949}}

| {{nts|4000}}–6,000

| 1941 Huaraz avalanche{{cite book|last1=Schuster|first1=R.L.|last2=Salcedo|first2=D.A.|last3=Valenzuela|first3=L.|editor=Evans S.G.|editor2=Degraff J.V.|title=Catastrophic landslides: Effects, Occurrence, and Mechanisms|publisher=Geological Society of America|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxscy9clAToC&pg=PA1|series=Reviews in Engineering Geology|volume=15|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8137-4115-4|pages=1–34|chapter=Overview of catastrophic landslides of South America in the twentieth century|access-date=July 20, 2018|archive-date=September 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917041830/https://books.google.com/books?id=bxscy9clAToC&pg=PA1|url-status=live}}

| rowspan="2" | Peru

| {{dts|1941}}

| 1962 Huascarán avalanche

| {{dts|1962}}

| {{nts|3466}}

| 1310 Western Hubei landslide

| China

| {{dts|1310}}

| data-sort-value="075000000|75–200 million{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiHHnV08ebkC&pg=PA21|title=A pest in the land: new world epidemics in a global perspective|last=Austin Alchon|first=Suzanne|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8263-2871-7|page=21|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401101639/https://books.google.com/books?id=YiHHnV08ebkC&pg=PA21|archive-date=April 1, 2019|url-status=live}}

| Black Death

| Europe, Asia and North Africa

| 1346–1353

| Yersinia pestis − (Plague)

| data-sort-value="50000000"| 50 million+ (17–100 million){{cite journal|last1=P. Spreeuwenberg|display-authors=etal|title=Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|volume=187|issue=12|pages=2561–2567|date=December 1, 2018|doi=10.1093/aje/kwy191|pmid=30202996|pmc=7314216}}{{cite book|last1=Jilani|first1=TN|last2=Jamil|first2=RT|last3=Siddiqui|first3=AH|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513241/|title=H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)|date=December 14, 2019|publisher=StatPearls|pmid=30020613|access-date=March 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312134634/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513241/|archive-date=March 12, 2020|url-status=live}}

| Spanish flu

| Worldwide

| 1918–1920

| Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 − (Influenza/"the flu")

| data-sort-value="40100001" | 43 million (as of 2024){{Cite web|title=Global HIV and AIDS statistics|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|access-date=30 July 2022|website=UNAIDS|archive-date=December 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204021652/https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet|url-status=live}}

| HIV/AIDS pandemic

| Worldwide

| 1981–present

| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) − (HIV/AIDS)

| data-sort-value="030000000"|30–50 millionRosen, William (2007), [http://www.justiniansflea.com/events.htm Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724144519/http://www.justiniansflea.com/events.htm |date=July 24, 2017}}. Viking Adult; p. 3; {{ISBN|978-0-670-03855-8}}.Andrew Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes. Lexington Books, 2007{{cite web|last1=Maugh|first1=Thomas|title=An Empire's Epidemic|url=https://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/bioter/anempiresepidemic.html|website=ph.ucla.edu|access-date=March 20, 2020|archive-date=August 4, 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020804054553/https://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/bioter/anempiresepidemic.html|url-status=live}}

| Plague of Justinian

| Europe and West Asia

| 541–542

| Yersinia pestis − (Plague)

| data-sort-value="023000000" | 7–29 million{{Cite web|url=https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6|title=ArcGIS Dashboards- COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University|website=gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com|access-date=19 July 2022|archive-date=January 29, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200129000238/https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html%23/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=COVID-19 Projections|url=https://covid19.healthdata.org/|access-date=19 July 2022|website=Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (University of Washington)|archive-date=March 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326054156/https://covid19.healthdata.org/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=The pandemic's true death toll|url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/coronavirus-excess-deaths-estimates|access-date=19 July 2022|newspaper=The Economist|archive-date=December 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217093825/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/coronavirus-excess-deaths-estimates|url-status=live}}

| COVID-19 pandemic

| Worldwide

| 2019–2023{{Cite news |last1=Rigby |first1=Jennifer |last2=Satija |first2=Bhanvi |last3=Rigby |first3=Jennifer |last4=Satija |first4=Bhanvi |date=2023-05-08 |title=WHO declares end to COVID global health emergency |language=en |agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/covid-is-no-longer-global-health-emergency-who-2023-05-05/ |access-date=2023-05-10 |archive-date=May 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505221937/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/covid-is-no-longer-global-health-emergency-who-2023-05-05/ |url-status=live }}

| SARS-CoV-2 − (COVID-19)

| data-sort-value="012000000"|12–24 million (Indian Subcontinent and China)[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/321/5890/773 Infectious Diseases: Plague Through History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080817135739/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/321/5890/773 |date=August 17, 2008 }}, sciencemag.org

| Third plague pandemic

| Worldwide

| 1855–1960

| Yersinia pestis − (Bubonic plague)

| data-sort-value="010000000" | 5–15 million{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn268-american-plague/|title=American plague|date=December 19, 2000|website=New Scientist|access-date=October 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017163205/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn268-american-plague/|archive-date=October 17, 2018|url-status=live}}{{Cite journal|last1=Acuna-Soto|first1=R.|last2=Romero|first2=L. C.|last3=Maguire|first3=J. H.|year=2000|title=Large epidemics of hemorrhagic fevers in Mexico 1545–1815|journal=The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=62|issue=6|pages=733–739|doi=10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.733|pmid=11304065|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Acuna-Soto|first1=Rodolfo|last2=Stahle|first2=D. W.|last3=Cleaveland|first3=M. K.|last4=Therrell|first4=M. D.|year=2002|title=Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=8|issue=4|pages=360–362|doi=10.3201/eid0804.010175|pmc=2730237|pmid=11971767}}{{Cite journal|last1=Vågene|first1=Åshild J.|last2=Herbig|first2=Alexander|last3=Campana|first3=Michael G.|last4=Robles García|first4=Nelly M.|last5=Warinner|first5=Christina|last6=Sabin|first6=Susanna|last7=Spyrou|first7=Maria A.|last8=Andrades Valtueña|first8=Aida|last9=Huson|first9=Daniel |last10=Tuross |first10=Noreen|last11=Bos|first11=Kirsten I.|year=2018|title=Salmonella enterica genomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|volume=2|issue=3|pages=520–528|doi=10.1038/s41559-017-0446-6|pmid=29335577|last12=Krause|first12=Johannes|s2cid=3358440}}

| Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548

| Mexico

| 1545–1548

| Uncertain. Likely Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica − (Enteric fever) or viral hemorrhagic fever but no consensus.

| data-sort-value="07500000"|5–10 million[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4381924.stm "Past pandemics that ravaged Europe"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007210210/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4381924.stm|date=October 7, 2017}}, BBC News, November 7, 2005

| Antonine Plague

| Roman Empire

| data-sort-value="0165"|165–180 (possibly up to 190)

| Likely Variola − (Smallpox), possibly alongside Measles morbillivirus − (Measles)

| data-sort-value="6500000" | 5–8 million

| 1520 Mexico smallpox epidemic

| Mexico

| 1519–1520

| Variola virus − (Smallpox)

| data-sort-value="2500000"| 2.5 million{{cite journal|pmc=1036775|pmid=8246643|doi=10.1017/s0025727300058725|volume=37|title=Typhus and its control in Russia, 1870–1940|year=1993|author=Patterson KD|journal=Med Hist|issue=4|pages=361–381 [378]}}

| 1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic

| Russia

| 1918–1922

| Rickettsia prowazekii − (Epidemic typhus)

| {{nts|242,419}}–655,000{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/most_destructive.php#summary|title=Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths|access-date=October 24, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020031356/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/most_destructive.php|archive-date=October 20, 2014}}

| 1976 Tangshan earthquake

| China

| {{dts|1976|7|28}}

| {{nts|110,000-316,000}}

| 2010 Haiti earthquake

| Haiti

| {{dts|2010|01|12}}

| {{nts|250000}}–300,000

| 526 Antioch earthquake

| Byzantine Empire (now Turkey)

| {{dts|526|5}}

| {{nts|273407}}

| 1920 Haiyuan earthquake

| Ningxia, Republic of China (now People's Republic of China)

| {{dts|1920|12|16}}

|270,000

|1303 Hongdong earthquake{{cite web|title=china virtual museums_quake|url=http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/quake/ruins/|access-date=February 13, 2014|publisher=Kepu.net.cn|archive-date=February 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222015318/http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/quake/ruins/|url-status=live}}

|Mongol Empire (now China)

|{{dts|1303|9|17}}

| {{nts|260000}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/64|title=Significant Earthquake Information|last=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|year=1972|publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}

| 115 Antioch earthquake

| Roman Empire (now Turkey)

| {{dts|115|12|13}}

| rowspan="2" | {{nts|230000}}

| 1138 Aleppo earthquake

| Zengid dynasty (now Syria)

| {{dts|1138|10|11}}

| Seljuk Empire (now Azerbaijan)

|20 September 1139

| {{nts|227,898}}

| 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake

| Indonesia

| {{dts|2004|12|26}}

|{{nts|200000}}

| 856 Damghan earthquake

| Abbasid Caliphate (now Iran)

| {{dts|856|12|22}}

| 11,000,000–40,000,000

| Great Chinese Famine

| China

| {{dts|1959}}–1961

|25,000,000{{Cite book|url=https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/disasterrelief/n31.xml|title=SAGE Reference – Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief|website=sk.sagepub.com|year=2011|doi=10.4135/9781412994064|last1=Penuel|first1=K.|last2=Statler|first2=Matt|isbn=9781412971010|access-date=December 10, 2019|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201022144/http://sk.sagepub.com/Reference/disasterrelief/n31.xml|url-status=live}}

|Chinese famine of 1906–1907

| rowspan="2" |Qing China

| {{dts|1906}}–1907

| 9,000,000–13,000,000[http://www.fao.org/docrep/U8480E/U8480E05.htm Dimensions of need – People and populations at risk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010151615/http://www.fao.org/docrep/U8480E/U8480E05.htm |date=October 10, 2017 }}. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

| Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879

| {{dts|1876}}–1879

|rowspan="2"| 11,000,000

| Chalisa famine

| North India

| {{dts|1783}}–1784

| India

| {{dts|1789}}–1793

| 10,000,000

| Great Bengal famine of 1770, incl. Bihar & Orissa

| British company India

| {{dts|1769}}–1773

| 7,500,000

| Great European Famine

| Europe

| {{dts|1315}}–1317

| 7,400,000

| Deccan famine of 1630–1632

| Mughal Empire, now India

| {{dts|1630}}–1632

| 5,000,000–8,000,000

| Soviet famine of 1930–1933

| Soviet Union

| {{dts|1930}}–1933

| 5,500,000

| Indian Great Famine of 1876–1878

| British India

| {{dts|1876}}–1878

| 422,499–4,000,000{{Cite book|last=Courtney|first=Chris|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/nature-of-disaster-in-china/1483BBD53BA764B54EE882EF699B1299|title=The Nature of Disaster in China: The 1931 Yangzi River Flood|date=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-41777-8|series=Studies in Environment and History|location=Cambridge|pages=249|access-date=March 8, 2022|archive-date=August 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829130254/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/nature-of-disaster-in-china/1483BBD53BA764B54EE882EF699B1299|url-status=live}}

| 1931 China floods

| rowspan="4" | China

| 1931

| 930,000–2,000,000

| 1887 Yellow River (Huang He) flood

| 1887

| 230,000{{citation|last=Yi|first=Si|contribution=The World's Most Catastrophic Dam Failures: The August 1975 Collapse of the Banqiao and Shimantan Dams|editor-last=Dai|editor-first=Qing|title=The River Dragon Has Come!: The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China's Yangtze River and Its People|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=1998|pages=28|isbn=9780765633392|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9w2RfP-mtQC&pg=PA26|access-date=September 12, 2020|archive-date=September 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917041830/https://books.google.com/books?id=R9w2RfP-mtQC&pg=PA26|url-status=live}}

|1975 Banqiao Dam failure

| 145,000

| 1935 Yangtze flood

| 1935

| 100,000+

| St. Felix's flood, storm surge

| Holy Roman Empire

| 1530

| 100,000 Edwards, Beau. "[https://disasterhistory.org/jiangsu-anhui-flood-1911#_ftn3 Jiangsu-Anhui flood, 1911]". disasterhistory.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250317015758/https://disasterhistory.org/jiangsu-anhui-flood-1911#_ftn3 Archived] from the original on March 17, 2025. Retrieved March 17, 2025.

| 1911 Yangtze River flood

| China

| 1911

| 100,000{{cite journal|last1=Haigh|first1=Ivan|last2=Nicholls|first2=R.J.|title=Coastal flooding|journal=MCCIP Science Review 2017|date=2017|page=98|doi=10.14465/2017.arc10.009-cof|url=http://www.mccip.org.uk/media/1769/2017arc_sciencereview_009_cof.pdf|access-date=October 18, 2020|archive-date=July 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717101200/http://www.mccip.org.uk/media/1769/2017arc_sciencereview_009_cof.pdf|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|last1=June 2017|first1=Nola Taylor Redd|title=Flood Facts, Types of Flooding, Floods in History|url=https://www.livescience.com/23913-flood-facts.html|website=livescience.com|date=June 26, 2017|language=en|access-date=October 18, 2020|archive-date=October 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019064655/https://www.livescience.com/23913-flood-facts.html|url-status=live}}{{cite journal|last1=Haigh|first1=Ivan D.|last2=Bradshaw|first2=Elizabeth|title=A century of UK coastal flooding|journal=Planet Earth|issue=Winter 2015|page=23|url=https://www.bodc.ac.uk/about/outputs/presentations_and_papers/documents/planetearth_win15.pdf|access-date=October 18, 2020|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018195002/https://www.bodc.ac.uk/about/outputs/presentations_and_papers/documents/planetearth_win15.pdf|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|last=Simons|first=Paul|date=November 11, 2019|title=The great coastal flood of 1099|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-great-coastal-flood-of-1099-mt0lx9s7f|work=The Times|access-date=February 9, 2021|archive-date=February 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215023220/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-great-coastal-flood-of-1099-mt0lx9s7f|url-status=live}}

| The flood of 1099

| Netherlands & England

| 1099

| 50,000–80,000

| St. Lucia's flood, storm surge

| rowspan="2" | Holy Roman Empire

| 1287

| 60,000

| North Sea flood, storm surge

| 1212

| 72,000

| 2003 European heatwave

| Europe

| 2003

| 56,000

| 2010 Russian heat wave

| Russia

| 2010

| 41,072

| 1911 France heat wave

| France

| 1911

| 24,501

| 2022 European heatwaves

| Europe

| 2022

| 9,500

| 1901 eastern United States heat wave

| United States

| 1901

| 5,000–10,000

| 1988–1990 North American drought

| United States

| 1988

| 3,951

| 2019 European heatwaves

| rowspan="2" | Europe

| 2019

| 3,418

| 2006 European heatwave

| 2006

| 2,541{{cite news|title=You're experiencing world's 5th deadliest heatwave ever|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Youre-experiencing-worlds-5th-deadliest-heatwave-ever/articleshow/47485972.cms|work=The Times of India|date=May 31, 2015|access-date=May 31, 2015|archive-date=January 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102055653/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Youre-experiencing-worlds-5th-deadliest-heatwave-ever/articleshow/47485972.cms|url-status=live}}

| 1998 Indian heat wave

| rowspan="2" | India

| 1998

| 2,500

| 2015 Indian heat wave

| 2015

| 1,744

| Lake Nyos disaster

| rowspan="2" | Cameroon

| August 21, 1986

| 37

| Lake Monoun disaster

| August 15, 1984

| 1,300

| The Daulatpur–Saturia tornado

| Manikganj, Bangladesh

| 1989

| 751

| The 1925 Tri-State tornado

| United States (Missouri–Illinois–Indiana)

| 1925

| 681

| The 1973 Faridpur District tornado

| Bangladesh

| 1973

| 660

| 1969 East Pakistan tornado

| East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)

| 1969

| 600

| The Valletta, Malta tornado

| Malta

| 1551 or 1556

|rowspan=3| 500

| The 1851 Sicily tornadoes

| Sicily, Two Sicilies (now Italy)

| 1851

| Jessore, East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Bangladesh)

| 1964

| Bangladesh

| 1977

| 400

| The 1984 Soviet Union tornado outbreak

| Soviet Union (Volga Federal District, Central Federal District, and Northwestern Federal District in Russia)

| 1984

| 317

| The Great Natchez Tornado

| United States (Mississippi–Louisiana)

| 1840

| 500,000+

| 1970 Bhola cyclone

| East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)

| {{dts|November 13, 1970}}

|{{nts|300,000}}

| 1839 Coringa cyclone

| rowspan="2" | British India (now India and Bangladesh)

|{{dts|November 25, 1839}}

| 300,000+

| 1737 Calcutta cyclone

|{{dts|October 11, 1737}}

| 229,000

| Super Typhoon Nina—contributed to Banqiao Dam failure

| China

| {{dts|August 7, 1975}}

| 200,000{{cite web|author=ThinkQuest Team #C003603|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/C003603/english/hurricanes/casestudies.shtml|title=Hurricanes: case studies|publisher=Library.thinkquest.org|access-date=August 11, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730173219/http://library.thinkquest.org/C003603/english/hurricanes/casestudies.shtml|archive-date=July 30, 2010}}

| Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876

| British Raj (now Bangladesh)

| {{dts|October 31, 1876}}

| 138,866

| 1991 Bangladesh cyclone

| Bangladesh

| {{dts|April 29, 1991}}

| 138,373

| Cyclone Nargis

| Myanmar

| {{dts|May 2, 2008}}

| 100,000

| July 1780 typhoon{{cite journal|journal=Weather|date=July 2008|volume=63|number=7|page=196|author=Pedro Ribera, Ricardo Garcia-Herrera and Luis Gimeno|title=Historical Deadly Typhoons in the Philippines|doi=10.1002/wea.275|bibcode=2008Wthr...63..194R|s2cid=122913766|url=https://eprints.ucm.es/34627/1/garciaherrera32libre.pdf|access-date=December 11, 2019|archive-date=August 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803132621/https://eprints.ucm.es/34627/1/garciaherrera32libre.pdf|url-status=live}}

| Philippines

| {{dts|1780}}

| 60,000+

| 1864 Calcutta cyclone

| India and Bangladesh

| {{dts|October 5, 1864}}

| 50,000-220,000

| 1912 China typhoon

| China

| {{dts|August 29, 1912}}

| {{nts|227,898}}

| 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

| Indian Ocean

| {{dts|2004|12|26}}

| {{nts|~80,000}}{{Cite web |url=https://storing.ingv.it/cfti/cfti5/quake.php?21318IT |title=1908 12 28, 04:20:27 Calabria meridionale-Messina (Italy) |last=Guidoboni E. |last2= Ferrari G. |website=CFTI5 Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C. – 1500) |last3=Mariotti D. |last4=Comastri A. |last5=Tarabusi G. |last6=Sgattoni G. |last7=Valensise G}}

| 1908 Messina earthquake

| Italy

| {{dts|1908|12|28}}

| {{nts|36417}}

| 1883 eruption of Krakatoa

| Indonesia

| {{dts|1883|8|27}}

| {{nts|40000}}–50,000{{Cite web|url=http://www.york.ac.uk/media/economics/documents/cherrydiscussionpapers/0603.pdf|title=The Opportunity of a Disaster: The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Discussion Paper 06/03, Centre for Historical Economics and Related Research at York, York University, 2006|access-date=August 6, 2013|archive-date=February 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222235014/http://www.york.ac.uk/media/economics/documents/cherrydiscussionpapers/0603.pdf|url-status=live}}

| 1755 Lisbon earthquake

| Portugal

| {{dts|1755|11|1}}

| {{nts|30000}}–100,000

| Minoan eruption

| Greece

| {{dts|1|format=hide}}2nd Millennium BC

| {{nts|31000}}

| 1498 Meiō earthquake

| rowspan="3" | Japan

| {{dts|1498|9|20}}

| {{nts|30000}}

| 1707 Hōei earthquake

| {{dts|1707|10|28}}

| {{nts|27122}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2489|title=Significant Earthquake Information|last=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|year=1972|publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}

| 1896 Sanriku earthquake

| {{dts|1896|6|15}}

| {{nts|25674}}

| 1868 Arica earthquake

| Chile

| {{dts|1868|8|13}}

| {{nts|5700}}{{cite book|last1=Soloviev|first1=Sergey L.|last2=Solovieva|first2=Olga N.|last3=Go|first3=Chan N.|last4=Kim|first4=Khen S.|last5=Shchetnikov|first5=Nikolay A.|title=Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea : 2000 B.C. – 2000 A.D.|date=2000|publisher=Springer Science & Business|location=Dordrecht [u.a.]|isbn=978-0792365488|page=29}}–50,000{{cite book|last1=Gates|first1=Alexander E.|last2=Ritchie|first2=David|title=Encyclopedia of earthquakes and volcanoes|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaeart00gate|url-access=limited|date=2007|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York|isbn=978-0816072705|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaeart00gate/page/n309 291]|edition=3rd}}

| 365 Crete earthquake

| Greece

| {{dts|365|7|21}}

| 71,000+{{cite journal|last1=Oppenheimer|first1=Clive|title=Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815|issue=2|journal=Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment|volume=27|pages=230–259|doi=10.1191/0309133303pp379ra|date=June 1, 2003|s2cid=131663534}}

| rowspan="2" | Indonesia

| {{dts|1815|04|10}}

| 36,000+{{cite web|title=Krakatoa Volcano: Facts About Deadly Eruption|url=http://www.livescience.com/28186-krakatoa.html|website=Live Science|date=September 15, 2017|access-date=August 8, 2017|archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310053801/https://www.livescience.com/28186-krakatoa.html|url-status=live}}

| 1883 eruption of Krakatoa

| {{dts|1883|08|27}}

| 30,000{{cite web|title=Benchmarks: May 8, 1902: The deadly eruption of Mount Pelée|url=http://www.earthmagazine.org/article/benchmarks-may-8-1902-deadly-eruption-mount-pelee|website=Earth Magazine|access-date=February 27, 2018|date=April 7, 2015|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216145412/https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/benchmarks-may-8-1902-deadly-eruption-mount-pelee|url-status=live}}

| {{dts|1902|05|07}}

| 23,000{{cite news|title=BBC ON THIS DAY {{!}} 13 {{!}} 1985: Volcano kills thousands in Colombia|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/13/newsid_2539000/2539731.stm|publisher=BBC|date=November 13, 1985|access-date=August 8, 2017|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126174644/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/13/newsid_2539000/2539731.stm|url-status=live}}

| {{dts|1985|11|13}}

| 15,000{{cite web|title=Mount Unzen eruption of 1792 {{!}} Japanese history|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mount-Unzen-eruption-of-1792|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=August 8, 2017|archive-date=December 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202230935/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mount-Unzen-eruption-of-1792|url-status=live}}

| 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami

| Japan

| {{dts|1792|05|21}}

| 13,000{{Cite web|url=http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/boris/mirror/mirrored_html/VESUVIO_1631.html|title=Vesuvio: The eruption of 1631|website=geo.mtu.edu|access-date=May 17, 2020|archive-date=November 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123100733/http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/boris/mirror/mirrored_html/VESUVIO_1631.html|url-status=live}}

| Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD

| Italy

| {{dts|79}}

| 10,000+

| 1586 Kelud eruption

| Indonesia

| {{dts|1586}}

| 6,000{{cite web|title=What is the largest eruption ever? {{!}} Volcano World {{!}} Oregon State University|url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/what-largest-eruption-ever|website=Volcano World|access-date=February 27, 2018|archive-date=November 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117034608/http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/what-largest-eruption-ever|url-status=dead}}

| 1902 Santa Maria eruption

| Guatemala

| {{dts|1902|10|24}}

| 5,000{{cite web|title=Indonesia's Mount Kelut Erupts : Natural Hazards|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=83144|website=NASA|date=February 14, 2014|access-date=August 8, 2017|archive-date=August 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819011924/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=83144|url-status=live}}

| 1919 Kelud mudflow

| rowspan="2" | Indonesia

| {{dts|1919|05|19}}

| 4,011{{cite web|url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/galunggung|title=Volcano World – Galunggung|website=volcano.oregonstate.edu|date=January 27, 2021|access-date=October 16, 2017|archive-date=December 14, 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121214204535/http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/galunggung|url-status=live}}

| 1822 Galunggung eruption

| {{dts|1822}}

| 1,200–2,500

| Peshtigo fire

| Wisconsin, United States

| {{dts|1871|10|8}}

| 1,000+

| Kursha-2 fire

| Soviet Union

| {{dts|1936|8|3}}

| 453

| Cloquet fire{{cite web|last1=Rogers|first1=Paul|title=Camp Fire is deadliest U.S. wildfire in 100 years; eerily similar to 1918 inferno that killed 453|url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2018/11/22/5714558/|work=East Bay Times|access-date=November 25, 2018|date=November 22, 2018|archive-date=November 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123065751/https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2018/11/22/5714558/|url-status=live}}

| rowspan="2" | Minnesota, United States

| {{dts|1918|10|12}}

| 418–476

| Great Hinckley Fire

| {{dts|1894|9|1}}

| 282

| Thumb Fire

| Michigan, United States

| {{dts|1881|9|5}}

| 240

| 1997 Indonesian forest fires{{cite web|title=Chapter 3 It Only Takes A Spark: The Hazard of Wildfires|url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ND-Review-Chapter-3.pdf|publisher=Brookings.edu|access-date=July 24, 2018|archive-date=July 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033158/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ND-Review-Chapter-3.pdf|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last1=Masters|first1=Jeff|title=5th Deadliest Wildfire Globally in Past 100 Years: 87 Dead from Monday's Greek Fires|url=https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/5th-Deadliest-Wildfire-Globally-Past-100-Years-Greeces-87-Deaths-Mondays-Fires|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=July 29, 2018|archive-date=September 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929190830/https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/5th-Deadliest-Wildfire-Globally-Past-100-Years-Greeces-87-Deaths-Mondays-Fires|url-status=live}}

| Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia

| {{dts|1997|9}}

| 160–300

| 1825 Miramichi fire

| Canada

| {{dts|1825|10|7}}

| 223

| Matheson Fire

| Ontario, Canada

| {{dts|1916|7|29}}

| 211

| 1987 Black Dragon fire

| China and Soviet Union

| {{dts|1987|5|1}}

| 173

| Black Saturday bushfires

| Australia

| {{dts|2009|2|7}}

| {{nts|4000}}

| 1972 Iran blizzard

| Iran

| {{dts|1972}}

| {{nts|3000}}

| Carolean Death March

| Norway

| {{dts|1719}}

| {{nts|926}}

| 2008 Afghanistan blizzard

| Afghanistan

| {{dts|2008}}

| {{nts|400}}

| Great Blizzard of 1888

| rowspan="3" | United States

| {{dts|1888}}

| {{nts|353}}

| Great Appalachian Storm of 1950

| {{dts|1950}}

| {{nts|318}}

| 1993 Storm of the Century

| {{dts|1993}}

| {{nts|299–978}}

| 2021 North American winter storm

| United States and Mexico

| {{dts|2021}}

| {{nts|286}}

| December 1960 nor'easter

| United States

| {{dts|1960}}

| {{nts|250}}

| Great Lakes Storm of 1913

| United States and Canada (Great Lakes region)

| {{dts|1913}}

| {{nts|235}}

| Schoolhouse Blizzard

| United States

| {{dts|1888}}