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List of orbital launch systems

{{Short description|None}}

{{Further|Comparison of orbital launch systems}}

{{original research|date=May 2021}}

This is a list of conventional orbital launch systems. This is composed of launch vehicles, and other conventional systems, used to place satellites into orbit.

Argentina

  • ORBIT II – Retired{{Cite web |url=http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/argentina_missile.pdf |title=Argentina Missile Chronology |access-date=2012-12-30 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055615/http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/argentina_missile.pdf |url-status=live }}
  • TRONADOR – Under Development{{cite web |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2011/10/09/argentina-plans-first-domestic-satellite-launch/ |title=Argentina Plans First Domestic Satellite Launch |publisher=Parabolic Arc |date=2011-10-09 |access-date=2013-08-02 |archive-date=2017-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603030947/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2011/10/09/argentina-plans-first-domestic-satellite-launch/ |url-status=live }}

Australia

Brazil

  • VLS-1 – Retired
  • VLM – Under Development

Canada

  • Aurora

China

Image:Long March rocket mockups at ZHAL.jpg

Image:CZ-2F rendering.jpg]]

Image:CZ-5 vs CZ-5B rendering.jpg]]

Image:Zhuque-2.jpg]]

=CASC Launchers=

=Other=

European Union

Image:Ariane 5 (mock-up).jpg

France

  • Diamant – Retired
  • Diamant A – Retired 1965-1967{{cite web |title=Nov. 26, 1965: France Begins Launch Legacy with Diamant |url=https://spacenews.com/nov-26-1965-france-begins-launch-legacy-diamant/ |website=Space News |date=6 December 2007 |access-date=13 Aug 2022}}
  • Diamant B – Retired 1970-1971
  • Diamant BP4 – Retired 1972-1975
  • Zéphyr (Latitude) – Under Development

Germany

  • OTRAG – Retired
  • Spectrum (Isar Aerospace) – Under Development{{Cite web |date=2021-08-04 |title=German startups launch mini-rocket challenge to SpaceX and co. |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210804-german-startups-launch-mini-rocket-challenge-to-spacex-and-co |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=France 24 |language=en}}
  • RFA One (Rocket Factory Augsburg AG) – Under Development
  • SL1 (HyImpulse) – Under Development

India

{{See also|Space industry of India}}

File:Indian carrier rockets.svg, ASLV, PSLV, GSLV, LVM3]]

File:RLV-TD HEX01 at First Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (SDSC SHAR) before launch 03.jpg]]

File:HLVM3.svg

File:Vikram rocket family.png in comparison with already flown Vikram S, the sounding rocket|100x100px]]

;ISRO/DoS systems:

  • SLV-3 – Retired
  • Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) – Retired
  • Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
  • PSLV-G – Retired
  • PSLV-CA – Operational
  • PSLV-XL – Operational
  • PSLV-DL – Operational
  • PSLV-QL – Operational
  • Geosychronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)
  • GSLV Mark I – Retired
  • GSLV Mark II – Operational
  • RLV TD: GSLV derived ascent vehicle for RLV ORE campaign.{{Cite web |date=4 March 2021 |title=Department of Space,Annual Report 2020-21 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/anual_report_2020-2021_english.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229104020/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/anual_report_2020-2021_english.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2021 |page=61 |quote=GEV for Orbital Re-entry Experiment (ORE): Launch with 1:8 scale RLV, targeted in first quarter of 2022.}}{{Cite web |title=Reusable Launch Vehicle |url=https://www.vssc.gov.in/Reusable_launch_Vehicle.html |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=www.vssc.gov.in}}{{Cite web |title=75 Major Activities of ISRO |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/azadi-ka-amrit-mahotsav/75-major-events-of-isro-coffee-table-book/coffee_table_book_-_05-02-22_-_fv.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218074246/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/azadi-ka-amrit-mahotsav/75-major-events-of-isro-coffee-table-book/coffee_table_book_-_05-02-22_-_fv.pdf |archive-date=18 February 2022 |page=31 |quote=In ORE, a scaled up wing body will be taken to an orbit by an ascent vehicle derived from existing GSLV and it stays in orbit for a stipulated period, re-enter and lands on a runway autonomously. The ascent vehicle has first two stages of GSLV viz S139+4L40S & GS2 and a third stage with modified PS4 propulsion system. The winged body which is a scaled up version of the RLV in RLV-TD HEX-01 mission is the fourth stage and this is called Orbital Re-entry Vehicle (ORV). This has a deployable Landing Gear System.}}
  • Launch Vehicle Mark III (LVM-3)
  • LVM 3 – Operational
  • Human-rated LVM 3 – Under development
  • LVM 3 with semi-cryogenic engine – Under development
  • Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) – Operational
  • Nano Satellite Launch Vehicle (NSLV) – Under development
  • Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) – Under development{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/isro-developing-heavy-lift-launch-vehicles/article7262881.ece|title=ISRO developing heavy lift launch vehicles|website=The Hindu |date=30 May 2015|access-date=1 June 2015|archive-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212084847/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/isro-developing-heavy-lift-launch-vehicles/article7262881.ece|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2022/oct/13/isro-developing-new-rocket-to-replace-pslv-2507752.html|title=ISRO developing new rocket to replace PSLV|website=The New Indian Express |date=13 October 2022|access-date=16 October 2022}}

;

;

;

;

;

;

;

;Private agencies

File:Agnibaan-rocket.svg]]

Iran

File:Simorgh SLV.png

Iraq

  • Al Abid – Abandoned in R&D phase{{Cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Al_Abid/Description/Frame.htm |title=Al-Abid LV |access-date=2014-07-06 |archive-date=2017-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110174801/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Al_Abid/Description/Frame.htm |url-status=live }}

Israel

Italy

[https://gr.linkedin.com/posts/giuseppe-de-chiara-92752341_space-rocketscience-giornatanazionaledellospazio-activity-6883686089404493824-7CcU?trk=public_profile_like_view Italian Rockets]

Japan

File:MuRockets.svg

Image:H-II series.png

File:Epsilon rocket.png ]]

= Active =

= Inactive =

  • Lambda (ISAS) – Retired
  • L-4S
  • Mu (ISAS) – Retired
  • {{Interlanguage link|M-4S|ja|3=M-4Sロケット}}{{cite web|url=http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m4s.shtml|title=M-4S / Satellite Launch Vehicles|publisher=ISAS|access-date=2013-01-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516033924/http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m4s.shtml|archive-date=2013-05-16}}
  • {{Interlanguage link|M-3C|ja|3=M-3Cロケット}}{{cite web|url=http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m3c.shtml|title=M-3C / Satellite Launch Vehicles|publisher=ISAS|access-date=2013-01-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218170557/http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m3c.shtml|archive-date=2013-02-18}}
  • {{Interlanguage link|M-3H|ja|3=M-3Hロケット}}{{cite web|url=http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m3h.shtml|title=M-3H / Satellite Launch Vehicles|publisher=ISAS|access-date=2013-01-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516044804/http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m3h.shtml|archive-date=2013-05-16}}
  • {{Interlanguage link|M-3S|2=ja|3=M-3Sロケット|4=pl|5=M-3S|preserve=1}}{{cite web|url=http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m3s.shtml|title=M-3S / Satellite Launch Vehicles|publisher=ISAS|access-date=2013-01-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516013205/http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m3s.shtml|archive-date=2013-05-16}}
  • {{Interlanguage link|M-3SII|2=ja|3=M-3SIIロケット|4=pl|5=M-3S2|preserve=1}}{{cite web|url=http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m3s2.shtml|title=M-3SII / Satellite Launch Vehicles|publisher=ISAS|access-date=2013-01-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018131609/http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/rockets/vehicles/mu/m3s2.shtml|archive-date=2012-10-18}}
  • M-V
  • N (NASDA) – Retired
  • N-I
  • N-II
  • H-I (NASDA) – Retired
  • H-II
  • H-II (NASDA) – Retired
  • H-IIB (JAXA) – Retired
  • J-I (NASDA/ISAS) – Retired
  • GX (Galaxy Express) – Cancelled
  • Epsilon (JAXA) – Retired
  • Epsilon S (JAXA) – Under Development
  • SS-520 (JAXA) – Retired
  • ZERO (Interstellar Technologies) – Under Development
  • DECA (Interstellar Technologies) – Under Development

Malaysia

New Zealand

  • Electron (Rocket Lab, developed in New Zealand{{cite web|url=https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-celebrates-rich-ten-year-history/|title=Rocket Lab Celebrates Rich Ten-Year History|date=June 30, 2016|publisher=Rocket Lab USA|access-date=March 29, 2019|archive-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731010533/https://www.rocketlabusa.com/news/updates/rocket-lab-celebrates-rich-ten-year-history/|url-status=live}} and the United States)
  • Neutron – Under Development

North Korea

Taiwan

  • TSLV – Under Development{{Cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/TSLV/Description/Frame.htm |title=TSLV |access-date=2014-07-06 |archive-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302202243/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/TSLV/Description/Frame.htm |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/directories/launcher_taiwan.htm |title=Launch vehicles - Taiwan (Republic of China) |access-date=2020-05-30 |archive-date=2020-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803190455/https://space.skyrocket.de/directories/launcher_taiwan.htm |url-status=live }}
  • Hapith V – Under Development{{Cite web |url=https://spacewatch.global/2019/12/taiwans-tispace-enters-crowded-small-satellite-launch-market-with-large-ambitions/ |title=Taiwan's TiSPACE Enters Crowded Small Satellite Launch Market with Large Ambitions - SpaceWatch.Global |date=20 December 2019 |access-date=2020-05-30 |archive-date=2020-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803095146/https://spacewatch.global/2019/12/taiwans-tispace-enters-crowded-small-satellite-launch-market-with-large-ambitions/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.tispace.com/launch.html |title=TECHNOLOGY - TiSPACE |access-date=2019-12-28 |archive-date=2021-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409214515/http://www.tispace.com/launch.html |url-status=live }}
  • HTTP-3a – Under Development{{Cite web |url=https://arrc.tw/about/ |title=About | Arrc |access-date=2020-05-30 |archive-date=2020-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717095019/https://arrc.tw/about/ |url-status=live }}

Philippines

Romania

  • Haas – Under Development

Singapore

Soviet Union and successor states (Russia and Ukraine)

;Russia/USSR

Image:Proton Zvezda crop.jpg

Image:Soyuz TMA-9 launch.jpg

Image:Dnepr rocket lift-off 1.jpg

Image:Angara missiles.jpg

  • Angara
  • CORONA (SSTO) – Open
  • Kosmos – Retired
  • Kosmos-1
  • Kosmos-2I
  • Kosmos-3
  • Kosmos-3M
  • Lin Industrial projects{{Cite web |url=http://en.spacelin.ru/ |title=Home |access-date=2016-02-07 |archive-date=2017-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602192706/http://en.spacelin.ru/ |url-status=live }}
  • Adler – Under Development{{Cite web |url=http://en.spacelin.ru/projects/adler-smallsat-launch-vehicle/ |title=Adler smallsat launch vehicle |access-date=2016-02-07 |archive-date=2017-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713201625/http://en.spacelin.ru/projects/adler-smallsat-launch-vehicle/ |url-status=live }}
  • Aldan – Under Development{{Cite web |url=http://en.spacelin.ru/projects/aldan-microsat-launch-vehicle/ |title=Aldan microsat launch vehicle |access-date=2016-02-07 |archive-date=2017-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713201801/http://en.spacelin.ru/projects/aldan-microsat-launch-vehicle/ |url-status=live }}
  • Aniva – Under Development{{Cite web |url=http://en.spacelin.ru/projects/aniva-microsat-launch-vehicle/ |title=Aniva microsat launch vehicle |access-date=2016-02-07 |archive-date=2017-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713201806/http://en.spacelin.ru/projects/aniva-microsat-launch-vehicle/ |url-status=live }}
  • Taymyr – Under Development{{Cite web |url=http://en.spacelin.ru/projects/taymyr-microsat-launch-vehicle/ |title=Taymyr Microsat Launch Vehicle |access-date=2016-02-07 |archive-date=2017-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614235007/http://en.spacelin.ru/projects/taymyr-microsat-launch-vehicle/ |url-status=live }}
  • Vyuga – Under Development
  • N1 – Retired
  • R-7
  • Luna – Retired
  • Molniya – Retired
  • Molniya-M
  • Molniya-L
  • Polyot – Retired
  • Soyuz family
  • Soyuz – Retired
  • Soyuz-L
  • Soyuz-M
  • Soyuz-U – Retired
  • Soyuz-U2
  • Soyuz-FG
  • Soyuz-2
  • Soyuz 2.1A
  • Soyuz 2.1B
  • Soyuz 2.1V – Retired
  • Sputnik – Retired
  • Stalker (rocket){{Cite web

|url=https://trends.rbc.ru/trends/industry/609e90409a794700dab35d24

|title=Кто зарабатывает на космосе в России и мире

|language=ru

|trans-title=Making Money in Space: Russian and International Players

|date=2021-05-17

|publisher=RBC Trends

|access-date=2021-11-11}}

; Ukraine

  • Zenit
  • Zenit 2 – Retired
  • Zenit-2M – Retired
  • Zenit-3SL
  • Zenit 3SLB
  • Zenit-3F
  • R-36
  • Dnepr
  • Tsyklon
  • Tsyklon-2 – Retired
  • Tsyklon-3 – Retired
  • Tsyklon-4 – Abandoned
  • Cyclone-4M – Under Development{{cite web |last=Golubeva |first=Alena |url=https://gmk.center/interview/maksim-degtyarev-spros-na-vyvedenie-gruzov-na-orbitu-budet-rasti/ |title=Максим Дегтярев: "Спрос на выведение грузов на орбиту будет расти" |trans-title=Maxim Degtyarev: "The demand for placing cargo into orbit will grow" |work=GMK Center |date=9 April 2021 |access-date=11 May 2021 |language=ru}}

South Africa

  • RSA – Cancelled
  • RSA-1
  • RSA-2
  • RSA-3
  • CHEETAH-1 – Under Development{{cite web|url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/CHEETAH-1/Description/Frame.htm|title=CHEETAH-1|publisher=b14643.de|access-date=2013-02-02|archive-date=2012-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227081518/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/CHEETAH-1/Description/Frame.htm|url-status=live}}

South Korea

  • HANBIT family (Innospace) – Under Development{{cite web|url=https://m.dongascience.com/news.php?idx=43504|title=5t급 국산 우주 로켓엔진 불 뿜었다…하이브리드 로켓엔진 개발하는 이노스페이스는 어떤 기업인가|trans-title=A 5t-class domestic space rocket ignited its engine... Who is Innospace, a company behind the development of a hybrid rocket engine?|date=27 January 2021|access-date=27 July 2021|language=ko}}
  • HANBIT-Nano
  • HANBIT-Micro
  • HANBIT-Mini
  • Blue Whale 1 (Perigee Aerospace) – Under Development
  • Naro family
  • KSLV-1 (Naro) – Retired{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/tech/2008/12/133_28047.html|title=Russia Dragging Feet Over Korean Rocket Launch|last=Tong-hyung|first=Kim|date=2008-07-23|publisher=Korea Times|access-date=2008-12-29|archive-date=2011-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522213655/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/tech/2008/12/133_28047.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.space-travel.com/reports/South_Korea_First_Rocket_Launch_Might_Be_Put_Off_999.html|title=South Korea's First Rocket Launch Might Be Put Off|date=2008-07-24|publisher=Space-Travel.com|access-date=2008-12-29|archive-date=2009-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129210220/http://space-travel.com/reports/South_Korea_First_Rocket_Launch_Might_Be_Put_Off_999.html|url-status=live}}
  • KSLV-2 (Nuri)
  • Solid fueled LV family
  • Solid fueled TV2
  • Solid fueled LV – Under Development

Spain

  • INTA Family
  • INTA Capricornio – Cancelled
  • INTA Programa PILUM – Under Development
  • PLD Space Family
  • PLD Space Miura Next – Under development
  • PLD Space Miura 5 – Under development
  • PLD Space Miura 1 – Operational{{Cite web |last=Limón |first=Raúl |date=2023-10-06 |title=El 'Miura 1' despega con éxito desde Huelva y mete a España en el exclusivo club de países con acceso al espacio |url=https://elpais.com/ciencia/2023-10-06/lanzamiento-del-miura-1.html |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=El País |language=es}}
  • Pangea Aerospace Family
  • Pangea Aerospace Meso – Under development
  • Zero 2 Infinity Family
  • Zero 2 Infinity Bloostar – Under development
  • Celestia Aerospace Family
  • Celestia Aerospace Sagittarius – Under development

Turkey

  • UFS – Under Development since 2007{{Cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/UFS/Description/Frame.htm |title=UFS |access-date=2014-07-06 |archive-date=2017-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205194510/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/UFS/Description/Frame.htm |url-status=live }}

United Kingdom

  • Black Arrow – Retired
  • Black Prince – Cancelled{{cite web |url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/West_Europe/BlackPrince/Description/Frame.htm |title=Black Prince (project) |website=b14643.de |access-date=2019-11-11 |archive-date=2017-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310093310/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/West_Europe/BlackPrince/Description/Frame.htm |url-status=live }}
  • Prime (Orbex) – Under Development{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2019/02/07/startup-company-orbex-reveals-prime-rocket-that-could-launch-from-the-uk-in-2021/#252c8ea65fc6 |title=Startup Company Orbex Reveals Prime Rocket That Could Launch From The U.K. In 2021 |work=Forbes |date=2019-02-07 |access-date=2019-09-12 |archive-date=2019-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104211119/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2019/02/07/startup-company-orbex-reveals-prime-rocket-that-could-launch-from-the-uk-in-2021/#252c8ea65fc6 |url-status=live }}
  • Skyrora XL (Skyrora) – Under Development{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2019/08/08/skyrora-reveals-launch-of-second-commercial-rocket-from-u-k-soil/#641cba1862f8 |title=Skyrora Reveals Launch Of Second Private Rocket From U.K. Soil |work=Forbes |date=2019-08-08 |access-date=2019-09-12 |archive-date=2019-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904055142/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanocallaghan/2019/08/08/skyrora-reveals-launch-of-second-commercial-rocket-from-u-k-soil/#641cba1862f8 |url-status=live }}
  • Skylon (Reaction Engines) – Under Development

United States

{{main|List of United States rockets}}

=Active=

Image:Atlas evolution.png

Image:Delta EELV family.png

Image:SpaceX rockets.svg

=Inactive=

File:Saturn V-Shuttle-Ares I-Ares V-Ares IV-SLS Block 1 comparison (2019).png

Image:Titan Missile Family.png

See also

References

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Orbital launch systems}}

{{Space exploration lists and timelines}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Orbital launch systems}}

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orbital launch systems

Orbital launch