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Outline of sports

{{Short description|Overview of and topical guide to sports}}

File:Usain Bolt 100 m heats Moscow 2013.jpg (in yellow) and other runners, Moscow, 2013.]]

File:Beach handball Euro 2019 Preliminary Round Women DEN-RUS 024.jpg match, European Championships 2019.]]

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to sports:

Sport – a physical activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively, sports can be played on land, in water and in the air.

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What is a sport?

Sports can be described as all of the following:

  • Entertainment – Any sport that includes spectators, either free or paid admission, with no pre-scripted plot of the outcome. The athletics might also get entertained by complete sports objective.
  • Exercise – some sports are physical exercise while others are mental exercise.

Types of sports

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List of sports

List of sports

Sport by region

Africa

:West Africa 40px

:: Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Côte d'Ivoire • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Liberia • Mali • Mauritania • Niger • Nigeria • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Togo

:North Africa 40px

:: Algeria • Egypt • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Sudan • Tunisia • Western Sahara

:Central Africa 40px

:: Angola • Burundi • Cameroon • Central African Republic • Chad • The Democratic Republic of the Congo • Equatorial Guinea • Gabon • Republic of the Congo • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe

:East Africa 40px

:: Burundi • Comoros • Djibouti • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Kenya • Madagascar • Malawi • Mauritius • Mozambique • Rwanda • Seychelles • Somalia • Tanzania • Uganda • Zambia • Zimbabwe

:Southern Africa 40px

:: Botswana • Eswatini • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa

:Dependencies

:: Mayotte (France) • St. Helena (UK) • Puntland • Somaliland • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Antarctica

: None

Asia

:Central Asia

:: Kazakhstan  Kazakhstan is sometimes considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
 • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Turkmenistan • Uzbekistan

:East Asia

:: China  The state is commonly known as simply "China", which is subsumed by the eponymous entity and civilization (China).

::: Tibet

::: Hong Kong  Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC.
 • Macau  Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the PRC.

:: Japan • North Korea • South Korea • Mongolia • Taiwan  Under the de facto control of the Republic of China (ROC) government, commonly referred to as Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the PRC; see political status of Taiwan.

:North Asia

:: Russia  Russia is a transcontinental country; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.

:Southeast AsiaExcludes Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia).

:: Brunei • Burma (Myanmar) • Cambodia[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/info/meetings/cambodia/pdf/pre_rep1.pdf General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 - Provisional population totals, National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, released 3 September 2008] • East Timor (Timor-Leste)  East Timor is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania.
 • Indonesia  Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania
 • Laos • Malaysia • Philippines • Singapore • Thailand • Vietnam

:South Asia

:: Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan• Iran • Maldives • Nepal • Pakistan • Sri Lanka

:India  Includes Jammu and Kashmir, a contested territory among India, Pakistan, and the PRC.

::Delhi

:West Asia

:: Armenia  Armenia is sometimes considered a transcontinental country physiographically in Western Asia, it has historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe.
 • Azerbaijan  Azerbaijan is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. Figures include Nakhchivan, an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan bordered by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey.
 • Bahrain • Cyprus  The island of Cyprus is sometimes considered a transcontinental territory in the Eastern Basin of the Mediterranean Sea south of Turkey, it has historical and socio-political connections with Europe. The U.N. considers Cyprus to be in Western Asia, while the C.I.A. considers it to be in the Middle East.
 (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia  Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for the Asian portion only.
 • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • Palestine  Gaza and West Bank, collectively referred to as the "Occupied Palestinian Territory" by the UN, are territories partially occupied by Israel but under de facto administration of the Palestinian National Authority.
Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Turkey  Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Southern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only, excluding all of Istanbul.
 • United Arab Emirates • Yemen

Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)

:North Caucasus

:: Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay–Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai)

:South Caucasus

:: Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic)

Europe

: Akrotiri and Dhekelia • Åland • Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Faroe Islands • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Gibraltar • Greece • Guernsey • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Isle of Man • Italy • Jersey • Kazakhstan • Kosovo • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Macedonia • Malta • Moldova (including disputed Transnistria) • Monaco • Montenegro • Netherlands • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia • San Marino • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Svalbard • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • Ukraine

: United Kingdom

:: England (Birmingham, Bristol, Cornwall, London, Milton Keynes, Sussex, Worthing) • Northern Ireland (Belfast) • Scotland (Glasgow) • Wales (Cardiff)

: Vatican City

: European Union

North America

:Canada

: Greenland • Mexico • Saint Pierre and Miquelon

:United States

:: Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Montana • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

:: District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)

:Central America

:: Belize • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Guatemala • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama

:Caribbean

:: Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Aruba • Bahamas • Barbados • Bermuda • British Virgin Islands • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Grenada • Haiti • Jamaica • Montserrat • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Saint Barthélemy • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago • Turks and Caicos Islands • United States Virgin Islands

;Oceania (includes the continent of Australia)

:AustralasiaThe use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand."

:: Australia (Brisbane, Sydney)

:::Dependencies/Territories of Australia

:::: Christmas IslandChristmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.
 • Cocos (Keeling) Islands • Norfolk Island

:: New ZealandNew Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than Australasia.

:MelanesiaExcludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.

::Fiji • Indonesia (Oceanian part only)Indonesia is generally considered a territory of Southeastern Asia (UN region); wholly or partially, it is also frequently included in Australasia or Melanesia. Figures include Indonesian portion of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) and Maluku Islands.
 • New Caledonia (France) • Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea is often considered part of Australasia as well as Melanesia.
 • Solomon Islands • Vanuatu •

:Micronesia

:: Federated States of Micronesia • Guam (US) • Kiribati • Marshall Islands • Nauru • Northern Mariana Islands (USA) • Palau • Wake Island (USA) •

:PolynesiaExcludes the US state of Hawaii, which is distant from the North American landmass in the Pacific Ocean, and Easter Island, a territory of Chile in South America.

:: American Samoa (USA) • Chatham Islands (NZ) • Cook Islands (NZ) • Easter Island (Chile) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Loyalty Islands (France) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • Adamstown • Samoa • Tokelau (NZ) • Tonga • Tuvalu • Wallis and Futuna (France)

South America

: Argentina • Bolivia • Brazil • Chile • Colombia • Ecuador • Falkland Islands • Guyana • Paraguay • Peru • Suriname • Uruguay • Venezuela

South Atlantic

: Ascension Island • Saint Helena • Tristan da Cunha

History of sports

History of sports

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Recreational sporting

Rules

Sports in court

;General

;American football

;Association football

;Baseball

;Basketball

;Other sports

Sports medicine

Sports and media

=Sports magazines=

=Sports television programs=

Sports ethics and conduct

Sports participants

{{see also|List of sportspeople}}

Sports venues

{{Main|Sports venue|Pitch (sports field)}}

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= Sports venue features =

Sports equipment

Game play

Sports management

Sport management

Sports culture

Sports and politics

Politics and sports

Sporting events

Sports governing bodies

Sports governing body

{{See also|List of international sport federations}}

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World governing bodies of various notable sports:

Sociology of sport

{{Main|Sociology of sport}}

The sociology of sport is a subfield of sociology which aims to study sports through the lens of interactions between different groups and cultures.{{Cite journal|last=Macri|first=Kenneth J.|date=2012|title=Not Just a Game: Sport and Society in the United States|url=http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1664/not-just-a-game-sport-and-society-in-the-united-states|journal=Inquiries Journal|language=en|volume=4|issue=8}} The field has also investigated how various gender divides in sports can influence feminist movements.{{Cite journal|last=Hayhurst|first=Lyndsay MC|date=2011-04-01|title=Corporatising Sport, Gender and Development: postcolonial IR feminisms, transnational private governance and global corporate social engagement|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2011.573944|journal=Third World Quarterly|volume=32|issue=3|pages=531–549|doi=10.1080/01436597.2011.573944|s2cid=145619969|issn=0143-6597|url-access=subscription}}

Sport psychology

{{Main|Sport psychology}}

Sport psychology is the study of how psychological factors can impact engagement in professional and recreational sports, as well as how sports impact an athlete's psychological state.{{Cite book|last=Weinberg|first=Robert Stephen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cX-Md9gQ7w8C&q=foundations+of+sport+and+exercise+psychology|title=Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology|date=2011|publisher=Human Kinetics|isbn=978-1-4504-0038-1|language=en}} After becoming popular in the early 20th century, it is now a recognized scientific field which is relevant to many different sports.{{Cite journal|last=Fuchs|first=Alfred H.|date=1998|title=Psychology and "The Babe"|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291520-6696%28199821%2934%3A2%3C153%3A%3AAID-JHBS3%3E3.0.CO%3B2-T|journal=Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences|language=en|volume=34|issue=2|pages=153–165|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1520-6696(199821)34:2<153::AID-JHBS3>3.0.CO;2-T|pmid=9580977|issn=1520-6696|url-access=subscription}} Modern sports psychologists often use a combination of goal setting, visualization techniques and preperformance routines to help athletes achieve their goals.{{Cite book|last=Vealey|first=Robin S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx-HQgAACAAJ&q=coaching+for+the+inner+edge|title=Coaching for the Inner Edge|date=2005|publisher=Fitness Information Technology|isbn=978-1-885693-59-4|language=en}}{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=Jean Marie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYJLAAAAYAAJ&q=Applied+Sport+Psychology+2006|title=Applied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth to Peak Performance|date=2006|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0-07-284383-5|language=en}}Ravizza K, Hanson T. (1995). Heads up baseball: Playing the game one pitch at a time. Lincolmwood, IL: Masters Press.

See also

{{Portal|Sports}}

=Sports-related outlines=

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References

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External links

{{sister project links|Sport}}

  • [http://www.merriam.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?va=sports Merriam-Webster dictionary entry]
  • [http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/ancient/index_uk.asp Ancient Olympic Games]
  • [https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2005.00165.x Sport and apartheid]

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