User:Peter coxhead/Work page#Asteraceae

Articles with manual taxoboxes differing from PoWO:

• Actites = Sonchus in PoWO, but seems to be accepted in Australian sources (Australian endemic)
• Erigeron greenei = Erigeron reductus var. angustatus (Erigeron reductus) – Jepson and Calflora accept both E. greenei and E. reductus var. angustatus
• Erigeron hultenii – unplaced
• Helichrysum rupestre DC. = Helichrysum panormitanum subsp. panormitanum (Helichrysum panormitanum) – Helichrysum rupestre (Raf.) DC. in IPNI; not clear why different in PoWO with added "nom. superfl."; syn. of Helichrysum pendulum in EUNIS, which PoWO says has the syn. Helichrysum rupestre subsp. pendulum

• Salvia alatipetiolata Sun, 1960. – not in PoWO or IPNI, but in Tropicos, Flora of China, etc.

According to the World Flora Online {{As of|2023|December|lc=yes}}:{{citation |author=WFO |date=December 2023 |title=Rhododendron L. |work=World Flora Online |url=https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000033027 |access-date=2024-02-22}}

• Rhododendron subg. Azaleastrum {{small|Planch. ex K.Koch}}{{citation |author=WFO |date=December 2023 |title=Rhododendron subg. Azaleastrum Planch. ex K.Koch |work=World Flora Online |url=https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-1000040525 |access-date=2024-02-22}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron subg. Azaleastrum
• Rhododendron sect. Azaleastrum {{small|Planch. ex Maxim.}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Azaleastrum
• Rhododendron sect. Sciadorhodion {{small|Rehder & E.H.Wilson}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Sciadorhodion
• Rhododendron sect. Tsutsutsi {{small|(Sweet) Pojark.}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Tsutsutsi
• Rhododendron subg. Choniastrum {{small|Franch.}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron subg. Choniastrum
• Rhododendron subg. Hymenanthes {{small|(Blume) K.Koch}}{{citation |author=WFO |date=December 2023 |title=Rhododendron subg. Hymenanthes (Blume) K.Koch |work=World Flora Online |url=https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-1000040538 |access-date=2024-02-22}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron subg. Hymenanthes
• Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera {{small|G.Don}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Pentanthera
• Rhododendron sect. Ponticum {{small|G.Don}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Ponticum
• Rhododendron sect. Rhodora {{small|(L.) G.Don}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Rhodora
• Rhododendron subg. Rhododendron {{small|L.}}{{citation |author=WFO |date=December 2023 |title=Rhododendron subg. Rhododendron L. |work=World Flora Online |url=https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-3500001788 |access-date=2024-02-22}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron subg. Rhododendron
• Rhododendron sect. Pogonanthum {{small|G.Don}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Pogonanthum
• Rhododendron sect. Rhododendron {{small|}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Rhododendron
• Rhododendron subg. Therorhodion {{small|(Maxim) Rehder}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron subg. Therorhodion
• Rhododendron subg. Vireya {{small|Clarke}}{{citation |author=WFO |date=December 2023 |title=Rhododendron subg. Vireya L. |work=World Flora Online |url=https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-3500001320 |access-date=2024-02-22}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron subg. Vireya
• Rhododendron sect. Albovireya {{small|(Sleumer) Argent}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Albovireya
• Rhododendron sect. Discovireya {{small|(Sleumer) Argent}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Discovireya
• Rhododendron sect. Hadranthe {{small|Schltr.}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Hadranthe
• Rhododendron sect. Malayovireya {{small|(Sleumer) Argent}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Malayovireya
• Rhododendron sect. Pseudovireya {{small|(Clarke) Sleumer}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Pseudovireya
• Rhododendron sect. Schistanthe {{small|Schltr.}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Schistanthe
• Rhododendron sect. Siphonovireya {{small|Argent}} – Template:Taxonomy/Rhododendron sect. Siphonovireya

• Rhododendron campylocarpum has commented out section to be summarized.

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Alphabetical One-Table List of Genera and Intergeneric Hybrids |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/list-of-orchid-genera-with-components.pdf |access-date=2023-MM-DD |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323103826/https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/plant-registration-forms/list-of-orchid-genera-with-components.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-23 }}

• {{Citation |last1=Garay |first1=Leslie A. |last2=Sweet |first2=Herman R. |date=1966 |title=Natural and Artificial Hybrid Generic Names of Orchids 1887-1965 |journal=Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=141–212 |jstor=41762248 |name-list-style=amp }}

• Baptistonia → Gomesa
• Cochlioda → Oncidium
• Odontoglossum → Oncidium

See Oncidium#Nothogenera.

{{As of|2023|December}}, Plants of the World Online sank Cochlioda and Odontoglossum into Oncidium. This resulted in some hybrid genus names becoming unnecessary, being reduced to synonyms. Those which became just Oncidium include:

• × Odontioda, originally Cochlioda × Odontoglossum

:For example, the grex name × Odontioda Bohnhoffiae is a synonym of Oncidium Bohnhoffiae, which is the hybrid Oncidium vulcanicum × Oncidium cirrhosum,[https://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/orchidregister/orchiddetails.asp?ID=10999] where Oncidium cirrhosum was originally treated as Odontoglossum cirrhosum.[https://www.orchids.org/grexes/odontoglossum-cirrhosum]

• × Odontocidium, originally Odontoglossum × Oncidium

:For example, the grex name × Odontocidium Addie Reddick is a synonym of Oncidium Addie Reddick, which is the hybrid Oncidium Colon × Oncidium hastilabium,[https://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/orchidregister/orchiddetails.asp?ID=102553] where Oncidium hastilabium was originally treated as Odontoglossum hastilabium.[https://www.orchids.org/grexes/odontoglossum-hastilabium]

• x Wilsonara, originally Cochlioda × Odontoglossum × Oncidium

:For example, the grex name × Wilsonara Tiger Talk is a synonym of Oncidium Tiger Talk, which is the hybrid Oncidium Taw × Oncidium tigrinum.[https://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/orchidregister/orchiddetails.asp?ID=56276] Oncidium Taw has been treated as Odontioda Taw,[https://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/orchidregister/orchiddetails.asp?ID=50543] i.e. a hybrid involving Cochlioda and Odontoglossum.

{{Reflist}}

• Amaryllis L.
• Ammocharis Herb. (including Cybistetes Milne-Redh. & Schweick.)
• Boophone Herb.
• Brunsvigia Heist.
• Crinum L.
• Crossyne Salisb.
• Hessea Herb. (syn. Kamiesbergia Snijman)
• Namaquanula D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies
• Nerine Herb.
• Strumaria Jacq. ex Willd. (syns Bokkeveldia D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies, Carpolyza Salisb., Gemmaria Salisb., Carpolyza Salisb., Tedingea D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies)

• Calostemma R.Br.
• Proiphys Herb. (syn. Eurycles Salisb. ex Schult. & Schult.)

• Clinanthus Herb. (syn. Anax Ravenna)
• Pamianthe Stapf
• Paramongaia Velarde

• Cyrtanthus Aiton (syns Anoiganthus Baker, Vallota Salisb. ex Herb.)

• Caliphruria Herb. – synonym of Urceolina Reichenbach
• Eucharis Planch. & Linden, syn. of Urceolina Reichenbach
• Eucrosia Ker Gawl. (syn. Callipsyche Herb.)
• Mathieua Klotzsch
• Phaedranassa Herb. (syns Neostricklandia Rauschert, Stricklandia Baker)
• Plagiolirion Baker
• Rauhia Traub
• Stenomesson Herb. (syn. Anax Ravenna, Callithauma Herb., Crocopsis Pax, Pucara Ravenna)
• Urceolina Rchb. (syns Collania Schult. & Schult.f., Pseudourceolina Vargas)

• Chlidanthus Herb. (including Castellanoa Traub)
• Eustephia Cav.
• Hieronymiella Pax (syn. Eustephiopsis R.E.Fr.)

• Acis Salisb.
• Galanthus L.
• Hannonia Braun-Blanq. & Maire
• Lapiedra Lag.
• Leucojum L.
• Vagaria Herb.

• Griffinia Ker Gawl. (including Hyline Herb.)
• Worsleya (W.Watson ex Traub) Traub

• Apodolirion Baker
• Clivia Lindl.
• Cryptostephanus Welw. ex Baker
• Gethyllis L. (syn. Klingia Schönl.)
• Haemanthus L.
• Scadoxus Raf. (syn. Choananthus Rendle)

• Hippeastrum Herb. (syn. Moldenkea Traub)
• Paposoa Nic.García (syn. Eremolirion Nic.García)
• Phycella Lyndl. (including Famatina Ravenna, Placea Miers)
• Pyrolirion Herb.
• Sprekelia Heist.
• Traubia Moldenke
• Zephyranthes Herb. (syns. Cooperia Herb., Eithea Ravenna, Habranthus Herb., Rhodophiala C.Presl, Rhodolirium Phil., Rhodolirion Dalla Torre & Harms, Zephyranthella (Pax) Pax, Haylockia Herb.)

• Hymenocallis Salisb.
• Ismene Salisb. ex Herb (including Elisena Herb. and Pseudostenomesson Velarde)
• Leptochiton Sealy

• Lycoris Herb.
• Shoubiaonia W.H.Qin
• Ungernia Bunge

• Narcissus L. (including Braxireon Raf. and Tapeinanthus Herb.)
• Sternbergia Waldst. & Kit.

• Pancratium L. (syns Mizonia A.Chev., Chapmanolirion Dinter)

If the parameters are separated, then:

• {{para|extinct}} will be needed in an automated taxobox when
• the parent taxon (i.e. the one looked up in a taxonomy template) is above the target taxon, e.g. the taxonomy template for the genus is used for a species or lower rank
• the target taxon is extinct but the parent taxon is not marked as extinct in the taxonomy template.
• {{para|extinction_date}} may be used in any taxobox where the target taxon has a conservation status of EX.

• Help:Strip_markers
• [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Pre-save_transforms Pre-save transforms]

{{Citation |last1=Dibakwane |first1=Dineo |date=July 2015 |title=Eucomis bicolor |website=PlantzAfrica |publisher=SANBI |url=http://pza.sanbi.org/eucomis-bicolor |accessdate=2018-11-07 }}

{{reflist talk}}

• {{Citation |last1=Bramwell |first1=David |last2=Bramwell |first2=Zoë |date=2001 |title=Wild Flowers of the Canary Islands |edition=2nd |publication-place=Madrid |publisher=Editorial Rueda |isbn=84-7207-129-4 |pages=208–209 |lastauthoramp=yes }}

• {{Citation |title=Launaea arborescens (Batt.) Murb. |website=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/2733915 |accessdate=2018-02-01 }}

• {{cite web |title=Pallenis hierochuntica (Michon) Greuter |work=African Plant Database |url=http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/details.php?langue=an&id=105085 |publisher=Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute |accessdate=2018-MM-DD }}

• See Lavandula buchii for links to Phytographia Canariensis

• Created = 26/50 = 52%
• Name changed = 15/50 = 30%
• Previously misidentified = 2/50 = 4%

{{div col|3}}

• Aeonium aureum = Greenovia aurea – name change – created – {{red|source Greenovia sunk into Aeonium}}
• Erodium cicutarium – {{green|ok}}
• Erysimum scoparium – created – {{green|ok}}
• Euphorbia aphylla – created – {{green|ok}}
• Euphorbia atropurpurea – {{red|sourcing poor}}
• Euphorbia balsamifera– {{green|ok-ish}}
• Euphorbia canariensis – {{green|ok-ish}}
• Euphorbia lamarckii = Euphorbia broussonetii – name change – created – {{green|ok}}
• Frankenia capitata, WAS LABELLED Frankenia laevis ({{red|description}}) ssp. capitata – TO CREATE
• Galactites tomentosa – {{red|introduced distribution?}}
• Gennaria diphylla – {{red|description}}
• Geranium reuteri = Geranium canariense – name change – moved – {{green|ok}}
• Gladiolus italicus – {{green|ok-ish}}
• Habenaria tridactylites – created – {{green|ok}}
• Helianthemum canariense – created – {{green|ok}}
• Heliotropium crispum = Heliotropium erosum – name change – created – {{green|ok}}
• Hypericum grandifolium – {{green|ok-ish}}
• Juniperus turbinata = J. canariensis – name change – created – {{green|ok}}
• Kleinia neriifolia – name change – {{green|ok}}
• Launaea arborescens – created – {{red|description}}
• Lavandula buchii – name change – created – {{red|description}}
• Lavandula canariensis – name change – created – why does WCSP have "(L.) Mill."? – {{red|description}}
• Leonotis leonurus – {{red|non-native distribution?}}
• Limonium pectinatum – {{red|description}}
• Lotus tenellus (was Lotus glaucus) – identity was wrong – created both – {{green|ok}}
• Malva acerifolia = Lavatera acerifolia – name change – {{green|ok}}
• Mesembryanthemum crystallinum – {{green|ok}}
• Nanorrhinum scoparium = Kickxia scoparia – name change – created – {{green|ok}}
• Nepeta teydea – created – {{red|description}}
• Pericallis echinata – created – {{green|ok}}
• Pericallis lanata – created – {{red|description}}
• Pericallis tussilaginis – created – {{red|description}}
• Periploca laevigata – created – {{red|description}}
• Pinus canariensis – {{green|ok}}
• Plocama pendula – {{green|ok-ish}}
• Plumbago auriculata – name change – {{green|ok-ish}}
• Retama raetam – identity changed; should be Retama rhodorhizoides, I think – both created – nomenclature issues – {{red|description}}
• Rumex lunaria – created – {{red|description}}
• Salix canariensis – {{red|more description}}
• Salvia coccinea – {{red|introduced distribution?}}
• Schizogyne sericea – created
• Sideritis macrostachyos – name change from "macrostachya" – created
• Silene vulgaris – {{red|description, introduced distribution?}}
• Solanum laxum – name change– {{red|description, introduced distribution?}}
• Sonchus acaulis– {{red|copy-edits needed}}
• Sonchus capillaris – created – {{red|description}}
• Sonchus congestus – created – {{green|ok}}
• Strelitzia reginae – {{green|ok-ish}}
• Tamarix canariensis – created – {{red|description}}
• Zygophyllum fontanesii – name change, then back to Zygophyllum I think – {{red|description, taxonomy}}

{{div col end}}

See [http://www.arachnologia.edu.pl/arachnolodzy.html].

• Anna Kajak
• Jerzy Prószyński
• Wojciech Staręga
• Marek Żabka
• Wanda Wesołowska
• Maciej Bartos
• Janusz Kupryjanowicz
• Joanna Gardzińska
• Izabela Hajdamowicz
• Stefania Hęciak
• Maria Oleszczuk
• Barbara Maria Patoleta
• Robert Rozwałka
• Marzena Stańska
• Paweł Szymkowiak
• Piotr Jastrzębski
• Wioletta Wawer
• Konrad Wiśniewski
• Łukasz Nicewicz
• Angelika Dawidowicz
• Łukasz Trębicki

• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Micropus|Bombycilaena erecta||}}
• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Nigella|Nigella arvensis||}}
• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Oriental Poppy|Papaver pseudo-orientale|Oriental poppy|}} Papaver setiferum
• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Osteospermum|Osteospermum jucundum||}}
• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Pale Sedge|Carex pallescens|Pale sedge|}}
• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Peruvian Lily|Alstroemeria aurea|Peruvian lily|}}
• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Pipewort|Eriocaulon aquaticum||}}
• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Poor-man's-orchid|Schizanthus pinnatus||}}
• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Pyrenean Scurvygrass|Cochlearia pyrenaica|Pyrenean scurvygrass|}}
• {{User:Peter coxhead/Test/T5|Russell Lupin|Lupinus arboreus x polyphyllus|Lupinus x regalis|Russell lupin|}}

• Bilbao fleabane – Conyza floribunda

• {{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=https://bsbi.org/download/3542/ |format=xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626140254/http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-06-26 }}
  {{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=https://bsbi.org/download/3542/ |format=xls |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626140254/http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-06-26 }}

See The_Paradisus_Londinensis#Dispute_with_Smith.

;Add something to both James Edward Smith and Richard Anthony Salisbury

• {{Citation |last=Endersby |first=Jim |year=2008 |title=Imperial Nature and the Practice of Victorian Science |publication-place=Chicago & London |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-20791-9 }}

Scilloideae

No name appears to have been provided for the subtribe consisting of the genus Pseudoprospero; by the rules of the ICN it would be "Pseudoprosperinae".

Flora Europaea (Vol. 2) uses "prickle" to describe the structures possessed by Rosa, and "spine" for the structures possessed by Prunus spinosus.

• {{Citation |last=Beentje |first=Henk |year=2010 |title=The Kew Plant Glossary |publication-place=Richmond, Surrey |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |isbn=978-1-84246-422-9 }}
• {{Citation |last=Clapham |first=A. |last2=Tutin |first2=T. |last3=Moore |first3=D. |year=1987 |title=Flora of the British Isles |edition=3rd |publication-place=Cambridge, England |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-38974-7 |lastauthoramp=yes }}
• {{Citation |last=Stace |first=Clive |year=2010 |title=New Flora of the British Isles |edition=3rd |publication-place=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-70772-5 }}

Now at User:Peter coxhead/Info#Dawkins' use of "ape".

At Scientific nomenclature#Nomenclature, classification and identification, there is a careful (and sourced) distinction between "taxonomy", "classification" and "nomenclature" in the context of biology. This is also explained clearly in the leading paragraph of Systematics.

• Taxonomy involves both classification and nomenclature in that taxonomy involves describing, identifying, naming and classifying taxa; classification and nomenclature are topics within taxonomy, i.e. topics studied by taxonomists
• Classification is the placing of taxa into (ordered) groups
• Nomenclature is the application of names to taxa based on a particular classification scheme and agreed rules.

The term "taxonomy" is used in two senses. Used as an English mass noun, it means the discipline or subject. Used as an English count noun, it means a classification. "Taxonomy" refers to the subject; "the taxonomy of flowering plants" refers to the classification of flowering plants.

Biological nomenclature and biological classification are in principle distinct: taxa could be given names independent of their position within a classification hierarchy (as is true of the PhyloCode except for species). In current Linnean, rank-based classification, nomenclature and classification are intertwined, because (a) species names include the genus (b) families, orders, etc. are named based on genera.

Unfortunately this careful distinction is not maintained in some of the rather muddled set of articles currently present in Wikipedia. For example, both Linnaean classification and Linnaean nomenclature redirect to Linnaean taxonomy, which would be ok if this article covered both, but it does not, it only covers classification. (To muddy the waters even more, Linnean nomenclature doesn't redirect to Linnaean taxonomy, but to Binomial nomenclature.)

{{Reflist}}

• Linnaean classification, Linnean classification → Linnaean taxonomy
• Linnaean enterprise, Linnean enterprise – stub
• Linnaean name, Linnean name → Linnaean taxonomy
• Linnaean nomenclature → Linnaean taxonomy, BUT Linnean nomenclature → Binomial nomenclature
• Linnaean system, Linnean system → Linnaean taxonomy
• Linnaean taxonomy, Linnean taxonomy – needs work

• Relative importance of the sporophyte and the gametophyte.
• Equal (homomorphy or isomorphy)
• Unequal (heteromorphy or anisomorphy).
• Dominant sporophyte (sporophytic).
• Differentiation of the gametes.
• Both gametes the same (isogamy).
• Gametes of two distinct sizes (anisogamy).
• Both of similiar motility.
• One large and sessile, one small and motile (oogamy).
• Antheridia and archegonia occur on the same gametophyte, which is then called monoicous.
• Antheridia and archegonia occur on different gametophytes, which are then called dioicous.
• Differentiation of the spores.
• All spores the same size (homospory or isospory).
• Spores of two distinct sizes (heterospory or anisospory): larger megaspores and smaller microspores.
• Megasporangia and microsporangia occur on the same sporophyte, which is then called monoecious.
• Megasporangia and microsporangia occur on different sporophytes, which are then called dioecious.

The table below compares current terminology with an alternative terminology which some authors have supported.

In terms of the derivation of the words used, the alternative terminology is undoubtedly more logical: the binary alternative to 'mono' (one) is 'poly' (many), so whatever is not monophyletic is polyphyletic. However, more logical or not, the terminology most used today is that shown on the left of the table. In this terminology, it is important to be clear that 'non-monophyletic' does not mean polyphyletic but instead either paraphyletic or polyphyletic.