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outline of astronomy

{{short description|Overview of the scientific field of astronomy}}

File:KeckObservatory.jpg in Hawaii is one of the world's premier observatory sites. Pictured is the W. M. Keck Observatory, an optical interferometer.]]

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to astronomy:

Astronomy – studies the universe beyond Earth, including its formation and development, and the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects (such as galaxies, planets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation). Astronomy also intersects with biology, as astrobiology, studying potential life throughout the universe.

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Nature of astronomy

Astronomy can be described as all the following:

Branches<span class="anchor" id="Branches of astronomy"></span>

History<span class="anchor" id="History of astronomy"></span>

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History of astronomy

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Basic astronomical phenomena

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Astronomical objects

Astronomical object

=Solar System=

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==Sun==

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Sun

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== Planets ==

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== Small Solar System bodies ==

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Small Solar System body

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= Exoplanets =

  • Exoplanet (also known as extrasolar planets) – planet outside the Solar System. A total of 4,341 such planets have been identified as of 28 Jan 2021.
  • Super-Earth – exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants.
  • Mini-Neptune – also known as a gas dwarf or transitional planet. A planet up to 10 Earth masses, but less massive than Uranus and Neptune.
  • Super-Jupiter – an exoplanet more massive than Jupiter.
  • Sub-Earth – an exoplanet "substantially less massive" than Earth and Venus.
  • Circumbinary planet – an exoplanet that orbits two stars.
  • Hot Jupiter – an exoplanet whose characteristics are similar to Jupiter, but that have high surface temperatures because they orbit very close to their parent stars, whereas Jupiter orbits its parent star (the Sun) at 5.2 AU (780×106 km), causing low surface temperatures.
  • Hot Neptune – an exoplanet in an orbit close to its star (normally less than one astronomical unit away), with a mass similar to that of Uranus or Neptune.
  • Pulsar planet – a planet that orbits a pulsar or a rapidly rotating neutron star.
  • Rogue planet (also known as an interstellar planet) – a planetary-mass object that orbits the galaxy directly.

=Stars and stellar objects=

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== Stars ==

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== Variable stars ==

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Variable star

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== Supernovae ==

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Supernova

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== Black holes ==

Image:BlackHole.jpg

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Black hole

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=Constellations=

==The 88 modern constellations==

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== Constellation history==

=== The 48 constellations listed by [[Ptolemy]] after 150 AD ===

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=== The 41 additional constellations added in the 16th and 17th centuries ===

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=== Obsolete constellations including Ptolemy's ''Argo Navis'' ===

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Obsolete constellations including Ptolemy's Argo Navis

Anser

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=Clusters and nebulae=

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{{Stellar system}}

=Galaxies=

{{Milky Way}}

{{Galaxy}}

=Cosmology=

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{{CMB}}

=Space exploration=

: See: Outline of space exploration

=Organizations=

==Public sector space agencies==

Space agencies

===Africa===

====North Africa====

====Sub-Saharan====

===North America===

===South America===

===Asia===

====East Asia====

====Southeast Asia====

====South Asia====

====Southwest Asia====

====Central Asia====

===Europe===

===Oceania===

===World===

{{See also|Timeline of first orbital launches by country}}

{{smallsup|1}} Preceded by the Soviet space program

=Books and publications=

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Astronomers

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{{See also|List of astronomers}}

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See also

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References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Sister project links|Astronomy}}

  • [http://astronomyguide.byethost4.com/ Astronomy Guide] For reviews on astronomy products, how-to's and current events.
  • [http://www.astronomy.net/ Astronomy Net] Resources, forums (from 1995), articles on Astronomy.
  • [http://www.astronomy2009.org International Year of Astronomy 2009] IYA2009 Main website
  • [http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/index.htm Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology] from the American Institute of Physics
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/19981202085205/http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ Astronomy Picture of the Day]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20190119030529/http://astronomy.net.nz/ Southern Hemisphere Astronomy]
  • [http://www.skyandtelescope.com/ Sky & Telescope] publishers
  • [http://www.astronomy.com/ Astronomy Magazine]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195741/http://www.astrolink.ir/en/ Latest astronomy news in 11 languages]
  • [http://www.universetoday.com/ Universe Today] for astronomy and space-related news
  • [http://www.celestiamotherlode.net/catalog/educational.php/ Celestia Motherlode] Educational site for Astronomical journeys through space
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018205032/http://www.astrofind.net/ Search Engine for Astronomy]
  • [http://www.hubblesite.org Hubblesite.org – home of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926231451/http://www.literature.at/elib/index.php5?title=Astronomy_-_A_History_-_George_Forbes_-_1909 Astronomy – A History – G. Forbes – 1909 (eLibrary Project – eLib Text)]
  • (historical)
  • [http://www.vega.org.uk/video/subseries/16 Prof. Sir Harry Kroto, NL], Astrophysical Chemistry Lecture Series. 8 Freeview Lectures provided by the Vega Science Trust.
  • [http://ads.harvard.edu/books/clab/ Core books] and [http://ads.harvard.edu/books/claj/ core journals] in Astronomy, from the Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System

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Astronomy