List of pharaohs#Second Dynasty

| [...]pu{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=298}}

| Only known from the Palermo stoneThomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}, p. 259.

| Unknown

| Hsekiu / Seka

| Only known from the Palermo stone

| Unknown

| Khayu

| Only known from the Palermo stoneThomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}, p. 139.

| Unknown

| Tiu / Teyew

| Only known from the Palermo stoneThomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}, p. 199.

| Unknown

| Thesh / Tjesh

| Only known from the Palermo stoneThomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}, p. 138.

| Unknown

| Neheb

| Only known from the Palermo stoneThomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}, p. 181.

| Unknown

| Wazner

| Only known from the Palermo stoneThomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}, p. 311.

| {{circa}} 3290 BC

| Mekh

| Only known from the Palermo stoneThomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}, p. 137.

| Unknown

| [...]a{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=3}}

| Only known from the Palermo stone

| Unknown

| Hedju Hor

|Only known from two clay jugs from Tura, Egypt

| Naqada II {{circa}} 3250 BC

| Ny-Hor

| Only known from clay and stone vessels found in tombs near Tarchan, Tura, Tarjan, and Nagada. Some scholars believe that this serekh is simply a crude attempt at writing the name "Narmer".{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=288}}

| Naqada II {{circa}} 3240 BC

|Ni-Neith

|Only known from inscriptions in Helwan. Reading of name is uncertain.{{Citation |last=Wilke |first=Matthias |title=Emanuel Hirsch (1888 –1972) – "Jene zwei Göttinger Stiftsinspektorenjahre haben die Liebe zu Göttingen für immer in mir erweckt […] Aber […] |date=2015-04-22 |work=Stiftsgeschichte(n) |pages=187–196 |place=Göttingen |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |doi=10.13109/9783666570377.187 |isbn=978-3-525-57037-1}}

| {{circa}} 3230 BC

| Hat-Hor

| Some scholars believe that this serekh is simply a crude attempt at writing the name "Narmer".{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=104}}

| {{circa}} 3220 BC

| [Double Falcon]

| May also have ruled in Upper Egypt

| {{circa}} 3210 BC

| Wash

| Only known from the Narmer PaletteFelde, Rolf: Gottheiten, Pharaonen und Beamte im alten Ägypten, Norderstedt 2017, S. 125.

| {{circa}} 3150 BC

| A (?)

| Only known from a graffito discovered in the Western Desert in 2004.{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=5}} This ruler is otherwise unattested.

| {{circa}} 3180 BC

| The existence of this king is very doubtful.Barry Kemp (a1), Andrew Boyce and James Harrell, The Colossi from the Early Shrine at Coptos in Egypt, in: Cambridge Archaeological Journal Volume 10, Issue 2 April 2000, 233

| Naqada III

|[Fish]{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CsB4DwAAQBAJ&q=Michael+H%C3%B6veler-M%C3%BCller%3A+Zu+den+fr%C3%BChzeitlichen+K%C3%B6nigen+%E2%80%9EFingerschnecke%E2%80%9C+und+%E2%80%9EFisch%E2%80%9C+aus+dem+Grab+U-j+in+Umm+el-Qaab.+In%3A+Studien+zu+Alt%C3%A4gyptischen+Kultur%7CStudien&pg=PA159|title=Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur Band 37|first1=Hartwig|last1=Altenmüller|first2=Nicole|last2=Kloth|date=January 1, 2008|publisher=Helmut Buske Verlag|isbn=978-3-87548-937-8 |via=Google Books}}

| Only known from artifacts that bear his mark. He most likely never existed.

| Naqada III

| [Elephant]Ludwig David Morenz: Bild-Buchstaben und symbolische Zeichen. Die Herausbildung der Schrift der hohen Kultur Altägyptens (= Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 205). Fribourg 2004, {{ISBN|3-7278-1486-1}}, p. 91.

| More than likely never existed

| Naqada III

|

| Naqada III

|

| {{circa}} 3280 BC Naqada III

| [Scorpion I]

|

| {{circa}} 3255 BC

| [Crocodile]

| Potentially read Shendjw; identity and existence are disputed.Günter Dreyer: Horus Krokodil, ein Gegenkönig der Dynastie 0. In: Renee Friedman and Barbara Adams (Hrsg.): The Followers of Horus, Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman, 1949–1990 (= Egyptian Studies Association Publication, vol. 2). Oxbow Publications, Bloomington (IN) 1992, {{ISBN|0-946897-44-1}}, p. 259–263.

| {{center|{{circa}} 3170 BC}}

| Iry-Hor

| Correct chronological position unclear.P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene. In: Bulletin de L'Institute Français D'Archéologie Orientale (BIFAO) 112. Ausgabe 2012, S. 381–395.

| {{center|{{circa}} 3170 BC}}

| Ka

| Maybe read Sekhen rather than Ka. Correct chronological position unclear.Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (= Münchner ägyptologische Studien, vol. 49. von Zabern, Mainz 1999, {{ISBN|3-8053-2591-6}}, p. 36–37.

| {{center|{{circa}} 3170 BC}}

| [Scorpion II]

| Potentially read Serqet; possibly the same person as Narmer.Toby Wilkinson: Early Dynastic Egypt: Strategy, Society and Security. Routeledge, London 1999, {{ISBN|0-415-18633-1}}, p. 38, 56 & 57.

| {{center|{{circa}} 3170 BC}}

| Narmer

|Menes?

| Believed by many scholars to be the same person as Menes, due to the preponderance of evidence indicating this.{{cite journal |author=Elizabeth BLOXAM |author2=Wouter CLAES |author3=Tiphaine DACHY |author4=Maude EHRENFELD |author5=Ashraf EL-SENUSSI |author6=Chloé GIRARDI |author7=James HARRELL |author8=Thomas C. HEAGY |author9=Stan HENDRICKX |author10=Christiane HOCHSTRASSER-PETIT |author11=Dirk HUYGE |author12=Clara JEUTHE |author13=Adel KELANY |author14=Christian KNOBLAUCH |author15=Béatrix MIDANT-REYNES |author16=Norah MOLONEY |author17=Aurélie ROCHE |author18=Adel TOHAMEY |date= January 2014 |title= Who Was Menes? |url=https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/arnil_1161-0492_2014_num_24_1_1071.pdf |journal=Archéo nil |volume= 24|pages= 59–92 |doi= 10.3406/arnil.2014.1071|s2cid= 248280047 |access-date= 24 September 2022}} His name is widely attested across Egypt, and has also been found at Nahal Tillah in Israel, which is much farther afield than his predecessors.{{cite book |author= Toby A.H. Wilkinson|date=1999|title=Early Dynastic Egypt|publisher=Routledge|page=67|isbn=0-415-26011-6}}

|c. 3150 BC

| Hor-Aha

| Teti

| Greek form: Athotís.{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=7}} May also be Menes although Narmer is more likely. Trade was largely replaced by direct exploitation of resources via outposts during his reign.{{cite book |author= Toby A.H. Wilkinson|date=1999|title=Early Dynastic Egypt|publisher=Routledge|page=71|isbn=0-415-26011-6}} Possibly the son of Narmer.

|{{circa}} 3050 BC

| Djer{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=92}}

| Iti

| Greek form: Kénkenes. His tomb was later thought to be the legendary tomb of Osiris. First pharaoh with a full Golden Horus name. Interest and trade with Egypt's North Eastern borders appears to have been renewed during Djer's reign.

| 41 years, {{circa}} 3000 BCWolfgang Helck: Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit (= Ägyptologische Abhandlungen (ÄA), Vol. 45). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1987, {{ISBN|3-447-02677-4}}, p. 124.

| Djet{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=95}}

| Ita

| Greek form: Ouenephes. Indications show that Djet did not reign for long.{{cite book |author= Toby A.H. Wilkinson|date=1999|title=Early Dynastic Egypt|publisher=Routledge|page=73|isbn=0-415-26011-6}}

| 10 years, {{circa}} 2980 BCWolfgang Helck: Untersuchungen zur Thinitenzeit (Agyptologische Abhandlungen), {{ISBN|3-447-02677-4}}, O. Harrassowitz (1987), p. 124

|Merneith

|—

|Possibly the first female pharaoh of Egypt. She may have ruled as regent for her son Den. Her tomb is notable for being on the same scale as other tombs of other kings of that period.

|{{circa}} 2950 BC

| Den{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=78}}

| Sepati

| Greek form: Ousaphaidos. Den was the first pharaoh to have a Nesut-biti (dual king) name, and is the first pharaoh attested wearing the double crown (pschent) of upper and lower Egypt.{{cite book |author= Toby A.H. Wilkinson|date=1999|title=Early Dynastic Egypt|publisher=Routledge|page=75|isbn=0-415-26011-6}} A second sed festival is attested from his reign, indicating he enjoyed a long time in power. Den focused on the northeastern part of Egypt during his reign, and also led a few small battles in the northeast which are attested on the Palermo stone.{{cite book |author= Toby A.H. Wilkinson|date=1999|title=Early Dynastic Egypt|publisher=Routledge|page=77|isbn=0-415-26011-6}}

| {{circa}} 2965 - {{circa}} 2923 BC{{Cite journal |last1=Quiles |first1=Anita |last2=Tristant |first2=Yann |date=April 2023 |title=Radiocarbon-Based Modeling of the Reign of King Den (1st Dynasty, Egypt) and the Start of the Old Kingdom |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822223000152/type/journal_article |journal=Radiocarbon |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=485–504 |doi=10.1017/RDC.2023.15 |bibcode=2023Radcb..65..485Q |issn=0033-8222}}

| Adjib

| Merybiap

| Greek form: Miebidós.{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=55}}

Known for his ominous nebwy-title.Nicolas-Christophe Grimal: A History of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell, Oxford UK / Cambridge USA 1992, {{ISBN|978-0-631-19396-8}}, p. 53.

| 9 years, {{circa}} 2930 BC

| Semerkhet

| Semsu

| Greek form: Semempsés.{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=376}}

First Egyptian ruler with a fully developed Nebty name. His complete reign is preserved on the Cairo Stone. Many stone vessels of his predecessor were found reinscribed for Semerkhet so he may have been a usurper.{{cite book|author= Toby A.H. Wilkinson |date=1999 |title=Early Dynastic Egypt|publisher=Routledge |page=79 |isbn=0-415-26011-6}}

| 8.5 years, {{circa}} 2920 BC

|Qa'a

| Qebeh

| Greek form: Bienékhes.{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=299}}

Ruled very long, his tomb is the last one with subsidiary tombs.

| 34 years, {{circa}} 2916 BC

| Sneferka

| –

| Very short reign, correct chronological position unknown.

| {{circa}} 2900 BC

| [Horus Bird]

| –

| Very short reign, correct chronological position unknown.

| {{circa}} 2900 BC

| HotepsekhemwyWilkinson (1999) pp. 83–84

| Bedjatau

| Manetho names him Boëthos and reports that under this ruler an earthquake killed many people. Hotepsekhemwy broke the tradition of being buried at the Abydos royal cemetery at Umm-el-Qa'ab, where most of the 1st dynasty kings are buried, and chose to be buried at Saqqara instead to be closer to the capital.{{cite book |author= Toby A.H. Wilkinson|date=1999|title=Early Dynastic Egypt|publisher=Routledge|page=83|isbn=0-415-26011-6}}

| 27 years, {{circa}} 2890 BC

|NebraDietrich Wildung: Die Rolle ägyptischer Könige im Bewußtsein ihrer Nachwelt. Teil I. Posthume Quellen über die Könige der ersten vier Dynastien. In: Münchener Ägyptologische Studien, vol. 17. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich/Berlin 1969, p. 31–33.

| Kakau

| Greek form: Kaíechós (after the Ramesside cartouche name Kakaw).

First ruler who uses the sun-symbol in his royal name, could be identical to king Weneg.

| 12 years, {{circa}} 2850 BC

| NynetjerWilkinson (1999) p. 79

| Banetjer

| Greek form: Binóthris.

May have divided Egypt between his successors, allegedly allowed women to rule like pharaohs.

| {{circa}} 2775 - {{circa}} 2730 BC

|Ba

|–

|May have been an independent ruler succeeding Nynetjer. Alternatively, he may have ruled in the 1st or 3rd dynasties or be the same person as Horus Bird.

|Unknown

| Weneg-NebtyWilkinson (1999) pp. 87–88

| –

| Greek form: Ougotlas / Tlás.

Could be an independent ruler succeeding Nynetjer or the same as Peribsen, Sekhemib-Perenmaat, or Raneb.

| {{circa}} 2740 BC

|Wadjenes

| Wadjenes

|Greek form: Tlas

May have been a misinterpretation of the hieroglyphic sign of a flower called Weneg. May have been a crown prince or be the same person as Weneg-Nebty.

|{{circa}} 2740 BC

|Nubnefer

|–

|May have been the birth name of Nebra. May either be the successor of Wadjenes or Nynetjer.

|Unknown

| colspan="2" | SenedjPascal Vernus, Jean Yoyotte, The Book of the Pharaohs, Cornell University Press 2003, p. 27

| Greek form: Sethenes.

Possibly the same person as Peribsen. This, however, is highly disputed.Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich/Berlin 1984, {{ISBN|3-422-00832-2}}, p. 171.

| 47 years (supposedly)

| Seth-Peribsen

| Peribsen

| Used a Seth-animal above his serekh rather than a Horus falcon. He promoted the sun-cult in Egypt and reduced the powers of officials, nomarchs and palatines. Some scholars believe that he ruled over a divided Egypt.Toby A. H. Wilkinson: Early Dynastic Egypt. Routledge, London/New York 2002, {{ISBN|1-134-66420-6}}, p. 75–76.

| {{circa}} 2740 BC

| Sekhemib

| Sekhemib-Perenmaat

| Could be the same person as Seth-Peribsen.Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen. 2. verbesserte und erweiterte Auflage. von Zabern, Mainz 1999, S. 44–45.

| {{circa}} 2720 BC

| colspan="2" |Neferkara I

| Greek form: Néphercherés.

Known only from Ramesside king lists, not archaeologically attested.

| {{circa}} 2740 BC

| colspan=2""| Neferkasokar

| Greek form: Sesóchris.

Known only from Ramesside king lists, not archaeologically attested. Old Kingdom legends claim that this ruler saved Egypt from a long-lasting drought.Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}, page 175.

| 8 years, {{circa}} 2740 BC

|Horus Sa

|–

|May have been a short form of the Horus-name Sanakht. May have been the Horus-name of Weneg or Senedj, correct chronological position unclear.

|Unknown

| colspan="2" | – ("Hudjefa")

| Known only from Ramesside king lists, his "name" is actually a paraphrase pointing out that the original name of the king was already lost in Ramesside times.

|11 years (according to the Turin Canon)

|Khasekhemwy

| Beb(e)ty

| Greek form: Chenerés.

It is probable that when Khasekhem acceded kingship he was a ruler of upper Egypt, he led campaigns against lower Egypt that ended in his victory, to commemorate his achievement of reunifying Egypt he changed his name to Khasekhemwy. His serekh name is unique for presenting both Horus and Set. He was one of Egypt's first master builders, his funerary enclosure known as Shunet-ez-Zebib is a colossal mudbrick structure.{{cite book |author= Toby A.H. Wilkinson|date=1999|title=Early Dynastic Egypt|publisher=Routledge|page=93|isbn=0-415-26011-6}}

| {{circa}} 2704 - {{circa}} 2686 BC

| Netjerikhet

| Djoser{{cite book |first=Toby |last=Wilkinson |title=Early Dynastic Egypt |publisher=Routledge |year=1999 |pages=83 & 95 |isbn=0-415-18633-1}}{{cite book |first=Toby |last=Wilkinson |title=Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt |pages=79 & 258}}

| Hellenized names Sesorthos and Tosórthros.

Commissioned the first Pyramid in Egypt, created by chief architect and scribe Imhotep.

| {{circa}} 2670 - {{circa}} 2650 BC{{Cite web|url=https://www.timelineindex.com/content/select/1886/1023,837,1886|title=Pharaohs - Timeline Index|website=www.timelineindex.com|access-date=2020-03-23}}

| SekhemkhetClayton (1994) p.32

| (Djoser-)Teti

| Greek form: Tyréis (after the Ramesside cartouche name for Sekhemkhet, Teti).

In the necropolis of his unfinished step pyramid, the remains of a 2-year old infant were found.{{cite book |first=Mark |last=Lehner |title=Geheimnis der Pyramiden |publisher=Econ |location=Düsseldorf |year=1997 |isbn=3-572-01039-X |pages=94–96 |language=de}}

| {{circa}} 2650 - {{circa}} 2643 BC

| Sanakht

| Nebka?

| Likely to be identified with the throne name Nebka; Hellenized names Necherôchis and Necherôphes. May have reigned 6 years if identified with the penultimate king of the Dynasty on the Turin canon.

| {{circa}} 2650 BC

|Qahedjet

|–

|Possibly be the same person as Huni or an archaistic representation of Thutmose III, correct chronological position unknown.

|Unknown

| Khaba

| –

| Possibly built an unfinished step pyramid, could be identical with Huni.

|2643–2637 BC

| colspan="2" |HuniClayton (1994) p.42

| Greek form: Áches.

Could be the same as Qahedjet or Khaba. Possibly built an unfinished step pyramid and several cultic pyramids throughout Egypt. Huni was for a long time credited with the building of the pyramid of Meidum. This, however, is disproved by New Kingdom graffiti that praise king Sneferu, not Huni.

| 2637–2613 BC

|Nebmaat

|Sneferu

| Greek form: Sóris.

Reigned 24 years, giving him enough time to build the Meidum Pyramid, the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid. Some scholars believe that he was buried in the Red Pyramid. For a long time it was thought that the Meidum Pyramid was not Sneferu's work, but that of king Huni. Ancient Egyptian documents describe Sneferu as a pious, generous and even accostable ruler.Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}, pp. 278–279.

| 2613–2589 BC

| Medjedu

|(Khnum-) Khufu

| Greek form: Cheops and Suphis.

Built the Great Pyramid of Giza. Khufu is depicted as a cruel tyrant by ancient Greek authors; Ancient Egyptian sources however describe him as a generous and pious ruler. He is the main protagonist in the Westcar Papyrus. The first imprinted papyri originate from Khufu's reign, which may have made ancient Greek authors believe that Khufu wrote books in attempt to praise the gods.

| 2589–2566 BC

|Kheper

|Djedefre

| Greek form: Rátoises.

Some scholars believe he created the Great Sphinx of Giza as a monument for his deceased father. He also created a pyramid at Abu Rawash. However, this pyramid is no longer extant; it is believed the Romans re-purposed the materials from which it was made.

|2566–2558 BC

| Userib

|Khafre

| Greek form: Chéphren and Suphis II.

His pyramid is the second largest in Giza. Some scholars prefer him as the creator of the Great Sphinx before Djedefra. His funerary complex was the largest at the Giza plateau.

|2558–2532 BC

|colspan="2"| Baka/Bakare

| Greek form: Bikheris.

Could be the owner of the Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan. Possibly fictional.

|{{circa}} 2570 BC

| Kakhet

| Menkaure

| Greek form: Menchéres.

His pyramid is the third and smallest in Giza. A legend claims that his only daughter died due to an illness and Menkaura buried her in a golden coffin in the shape of a cow.

|2532–2503 BC

| Shepeskhet

| Shepseskaf

| Greek form: Seberchéres.

Owner of the Mastabat el-Fara'un.

| 2503–2498 BC

|colspan="2"|(Thamphthis)

| According to Manetho the last king of the 4th dynasty. He is not archaeologically attested and thus possibly fictional.

|{{circa}} 2500 BC

| Irimaat

|Userkaf

| Buried in a pyramid in Saqqara. Built the first solar temple at Abusir.

| 2496–2491 BC

| colspan="2" |Sahure

| Moved the royal necropolis to Abusir, where he built his pyramid.

|2490–2477 BC

|Neferirkare

| Kakai

| Son of Sahure, born with the name Ranefer

| 2477–2467 BC

|Neferefre

|Izi

| Son of Neferirkare

| 2460–2458 BC

|Shepseskare

|Netjeruser

| Reigned most likely after Neferefre and for only a few months, possibly a son of Sahure.Miroslav Verner (2000): "Who was Shepseskara, and when did he reign?", in: Miroslav Bárta, Jaromír Krejčí (editors): Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute, Prague, {{ISBN|80-85425-39-4}}, p. 581–602, [http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf available online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201084444/http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf |date=2011-02-01}}.

| A few months

|Nyuserre

| Ini

| Brother to Neferefre, built extensively in the Abusir necropolis.

| 2445–2422 BC

|Menkauhor

| Ikau

| Last pharaoh to build a sun temple

| 2422–2414 BC

|Djedkare

| Isesi

| Effected comprehensive reforms of the Egyptian administration. Enjoyed the longest reign of his dynasty, with likely more than 35 years on the throne.

| 2414–2375 BC

| colspan="2" |Unas

| The Pyramid of Unas is inscribed with the earliest instance of the pyramid texts. He also constructed Unas's causeway a 500m long causeway from the bank of the river Nile to his funerary complex, this is where his funerary precession would have taken place.

| 2375–2345 BC

| —

| Teti

| According to Manetho, he was murdered.

| 2345–2333 BC

| colspan="2" | Userkare

| Reigned one to five years, may have usurped the throne at the expense of Teti

| 2333–2332 BC

| Meryre

| Pepi I

| Faced conspiracies and political troubles yet became the most prolific builder of his dynasty

| 2332–2283 BC

|Merenre

| Nemtyemsaf I

| Reformed the administration of Upper Egypt by decentralization, received the submission of Lower Nubia

| 2283–2278 BC

| Neferkare

| Pepi II

| Possibly the longest-reigning monarch in human history, with 94 years on the throne. Alternatively, may have reigned only 64 years.

| 2278–2183 BC

| colspan="2" |Neferka

| Reigned during Pepi II; was possibly his son or co-ruler. Possibly writing mistake for "Neferkare"

| 2200–2199 BC

| Merenre

| Nemtyemsaf IIDodson & Hilton (2004) p.73

| Short lived pharaoh, possibly an aged son of Pepi II.

| 1 year and 1 month {{circa}} 2183 BC

| Netjerkare I

| Neitiqerty Siptah (Nitocris)

| This male king gave rise to the legendary queen Nitocris of Herodotus and Manetho.Ryholt & Bardrum (2000) pp.87–100. Sometimes classified as the first king of the combined 7th/8th Dynasties.

| Short reign: {{circa}} 2182–2179 BC

|Khui

|—

|Attested to by a relief fragment with the cartouche of Khui from a mastaba in Dara.{{Cite journal |last=Kamal |first=Ahmed Bey |date=1912 |title=Annales du Service des antiquités de l'Egypte. |url=https://archive.org/details/annalesduservice12egypuoft/annalesduservice12egypuoft/page/132/mode/2up |journal=Journal des savants |volume=12 |issue= |pages=132 |doi=10.3406/jds.1913.4146 |issn=0021-8103}}

|Duration unknown, {{circa}} 2150 BC?

|Menkare

| —

| Likely attested by a relief fragment from the tomb of queen Neit.Gustave Jéquier, Maṣlaḥat al-Āthār (1993): Les pyramides des reines Neit et Apouit (in French), Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, OCLC 195690029, see plate 5.Percy Newberry (1943): "Queen Nitocris of the Sixth Dynasty", in: The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 29, pp=51–54Gae Callender: "Queen Neit-ikrety/Nitokris", in: Miroslav Barta, Filip Coppens, Jaromic Krecji (editors): Abusir and Saqqara in the year 2010/1, Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2011, {{ISBN|978-80-7308-384-7}}, see pp. 249–250

| Probably short, {{circa}} 2181 BC

|Neferkare II

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Neferkare III

| Neby

| Attested by inscriptions in the tomb of his mother Ankhesenpepi, started the construction of a pyramid in Saqqara.

| Unknown

|Djedkare Shemai

| –

| —

| Unknown

| Neferkare IV

| –

| —

| Unknown

|Merenhor

| —

| —

| Unknown

|colspan="2" |Neferkamin I / Sneferka

| —

| Unknown

|Nikare

| —

| Possibly attested by a cylinder-seal.

| Unknown

|Neferkare V

| Tereru

| —

| Unknown

|Neferkahor

| —

| Attested by a cylinder seal.

| Unknown

|Neferkare VI

| Pepiseneb

| —

| Unknown to 2171 BC

| Neferkamin Anu

| –

| —

| {{circa}} 2170 BC

|Qakare

| Ibi

| Built a poorly constructed pyramid at Saqqara inscribed with the last known instance of the Pyramid Texts

| 2175–2171 BC

|Neferkaure

| —

| Attested by one to three decrees from the temple of Min at Coptos.

| 2167–2163 BC

|Neferkauhor

| Khuwihapi

| Attested by eight decrees from the temple of Min and an inscription in the tomb of Shemay.

| 2163–2161 BC

|Neferirkare

|Pepi

| Possibly to be identified with horus Demedjibtawy, in which case he is attested by a decree from the temple of Min.

| 2161–2160 BC

|Meryibre

| Khety I (Acthoes I)

| Manetho states that Achthoes founded this dynasty.

| 2160 BC–unknown

|—

| Name lost

| —

| Unknown

|Neferkare VII

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Nebkaure

|Khety II (Acthoes II)

| —

| Unknown

|Senen[...] or Setut

|

| —

| Unknown

|—| —

| Name lost

| —

|Unknown

|Mery[...]

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Shed[...]

| —

| —

| Unknown

|H[...]

| —

| —

| Unknown

|—

|Name lost

|—

|Unknown

|—

|Name lost

|—

|Unknown

|—

|Name lost

|—

|Unknown

|—

|—

|Unknown

|Imhotep

|—

|Ephemeral ruler of the Ninth Dynasty. Only known from two rock inscriptions in the Wadi Hammamat.{{Cite book |last=Lepsius |first=Karl |url=https://archive.org/details/denkmaler-aus-aegypten-und-aethiopien/denkmaeler-4/mode/2up |title=Denkmaler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien |year=1859 |pages=115h}}{{Cite book |last=Breasted |first=James |url=https://etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/14896.pdf |title=Ancient Records of Egypt. |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=1906 |volume=1 |page=175}}{{Cite book |last=Gauthier |first=Henri |url=https://archive.org/details/MIFAO17/mode/2up |title=MIFAO 17 Le livre des rois d'Egypte Des origines à la fin de la XIIe dynastie |publisher=The French Institute of Oriental Archeology |year=1907 |pages=143–144}}{{Cite book |last1=Couyat |first1=Jean |url=https://ia801207.us.archive.org/27/items/MIFAO34/MIFAO34.pdf |title=MIFAO 34 Les inscriptions hieroglyphiques et hieratiques du Ouâdi Hammâmât |last2=Montet |first2=Pierre |publisher=The French Institute of Oriental Archeology |year=1912 |pages=96, 103–104 Plate=XXXIX}}{{Cite book |last=Baker |first=Darrell |title=The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs. Predynastic to the Twentieth Century: 3300-1069 BCE |publisher=Stacey International |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-905299-37-9 |volume=1 |page=133}}{{Cite book |last=Schenkel |first=Wolfgang |url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/schenkel1965a |title=Memphis Herakleopolis Theben Die Epigraphischen Zeugnisse Der 7.-11. Dynastie Ägyptens |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |year=1965 |location=Wiesbaden |pages=27–28}} Correct chronological position unknown.

|Unknown

| Meryhathor

| —

| —

| 2130 BC–unknown

|Neferkare VIII

| —

| —

| Between 2130 and 2040 BC

| Wahkare

| Khety III (Acthoes III)

| —

| Unknown

| Merykare

| —

| —

| Unknown–2040 BC

|—

|Name lost

|—

|Few months

| Intef the Elder

| Theban nomarch (Iry-pat) serving an unnamed king, later considered a founding figure of the 11th Dynasty.

| Unknown

|Tepia

| Mentuhotep I

| Nominally a Theban nomarch (Tepy-a) but may have ruled independently.

| Unknown – 2133 BC

|Sehertawy

| Intef I

| First member of the dynasty to claim a Horus name.

| 2133–2117 BC

|Wahankh

| Intef II

| Conquered Abydos and its nome.

| 2117–2068 BC

|Nakhtnebtepnefer

| Intef III

| Conquered Asyut and possibly moved further North up to the 17th nome.Margaret Bunson: Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Infobase Publishing, 2009, {{ISBN|978-1-4381-0997-8}}, [http://www.e-reading.ws/bookreader.php/142072/Encyclopedia_of_ancient_Egypt.pdf available online, see p. 181]

| 2068–2060 BC

|Nebhepetre

| Mentuhotep IILabib Habachi: King Nebhepetre Menthuhotep: his monuments, place in history, deification and unusual representations in form of gods, in: Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte 19 (1963), pp. 16–52

| Mentuhotep II regained all Egypt {{circa}} 2015 BC, Middle Kingdom begins, becomes first pharaoh of Middle Kingdom.

| {{plainlist|

• 2060–2040 BC
  (King of Upper Egypt only)
• 2040–2009 BC
  (King of Upper and Lower Egypt)}}

|Sankhkare

| Mentuhotep IIIWolfram Grajetzki (2006) pp. 23–25

| Commanded the first expedition to Punt of the Middle Kingdom

| 2009–1997 BC

|Nebtawyre

| Mentuhotep IVWolfram Grajetzki (2006) pp. 25–26

| Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists; tomb unknown. May have been overthrown by his vizier and successor Amenemhat I.

| 1997–1991 BC

|Menkhkare

| SegerseniWolfram Grajetzki (2006) pp. 27–28

| Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists, tomb unknown. Only attested in Lower Nubia, most likely a usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty.

| Early 20th century BC

|Qakare

| Ini

| Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists, tomb unknown. Only attested in Lower Nubia, most likely a usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty.

| Early 20th century BC

|Iyibkhentre

|Geregtaw(y)ef

| Obscure pharaoh absent from later king lists, tomb unknown. Only attested in Lower Nubia, most likely a usurper at the end of the Eleventh Dynasty or early Twelfth Dynasty.

| Early 20th century BC

|Sehetepibre

| Amenemhat Ihttp://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk//chronology/amenemhatI.html Amenemhat IWolfram Grajetzki (2006) pp. 28–35 (Ammanemes I){{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=20}}

| Amenemhat I was not from a royal family, and built the first substantial pyramid since Pepi II at Lisht.{{cite book|author= Marc Van De Mieroop|date= 2021 |title= A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher= Wiley Blackwell |page= 98|isbn=978-1-119-62087-7}} He restored order in Egypt, and then built a new capital called Itjtawy. Amenemhat I was probably assassinated.{{cite book|author= Marc Van De Mieroop|date= 2021 |title= A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher= Wiley Blackwell |page= 99|isbn=978-1-119-62087-7}}

| 1991–1962 BC

|Kheperkare

| Senusret IMurnane (1977) p.2 (Sesonchosis){{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=391}}

| Senusret I built extensively in upper Egypt, including the temple of Amun at Karnak. Senusret I claimed to have sent 17,000 people into the Wadi Hammamat to bring back stone for 150 statues and 60 sphinxes.{{cite book|author= Marc Van De Mieroop|date= 2021 |title= A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher= Wiley Blackwell |pages= 112–113|isbn=978-1-119-62087-7}} He also constructed a pyramid at Lisht near his fathers pyramid.

| 1971–1926 BC

|Nubkaure

| Amenemhat IIMurnane (1977) p.7 (Ammenemes II){{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=24}}

| Amenemhat II recorded his reign in now fragmented annals. The Egyptian navy may have attacked Cyprus during his campaigns.{{cite book|author= Marc Van De Mieroop|date= 2021 |title= A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher= Wiley Blackwell |page= 109|isbn=978-1-119-62087-7}} Amenemhat II also built a pyramid at Dashur. Ruled for at least 35 years.

| 1929–1895 BC

|Khakheperre

| Senusret IIMurnane (1977) p.9
(No name given by Manetho){{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=395}}

| Senusret II developed the Fayyum as a major agricultural resource during his reign.{{cite book|author= Marc Van De Mieroop|date= 2021 |title= A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher= Wiley Blackwell |page= 100|isbn=978-1-119-62087-7}} He also built a pyramid at Lahun.

| 1897–1878 BC

|Khakaure

| Senusret IIIJosef Wegner, The Nature and Chronology of the Senwosret III–Amenemhat III Regnal Succession: Some Considerations based on new evidence from the Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos, JNES 55, Vol.4, (1996), pp.251 (Sesostris){{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=398}}

| Senusret III got rid of nomarchs and made 3 administrative districts.{{cite book|author= Marc Van De Mieroop|date= 2021 |title= A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher= Wiley Blackwell |page= 104|isbn=978-1-119-62087-7}} He also led campaigns into Lower Nubia in his 8th, 10th, 16th, and 18th regnal years. Senusret III also built his own pyramid at Dashur and was the most powerful and influential pharaoh of the 12th dynasty.

| 1878–1839 BC

|Nimaatre

| Amenemhat IIIWolfram Grajetzki (2006) pp. 56–61 (Lamares){{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=26}}

| Amenemhat III further developed the Fayyum as an agricultural region. He also constructed a large mortuary complex at Hawara including his pyramid, the mortuary complex was probably the labyrinth that inspired the ancient Greek authors.{{cite web |title=Amenemhat III |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/chronology/amenemhatIII.html |publisher=University College London}}

| 1860–1814 BC

|Maakherure

| Amenemhat IV{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/amenemhatIV.html|title=Amenemhat IV Maakherure (1807/06-1798/97 BC)|work=Digital Egypt for Universities}} (Ammenemes){{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=30}}

| Had a co-regency lasting at least 1 year based on an inscription at Konosso.

| 1816–1807 BC

|Sobekkare

| SobekneferuGrajetzki (2006) pp. 61–63 (Skemiophris){{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=456}}

| The first known archeologically attested female Pharaoh.

| 1807–1802 BC

|Sekhemre Khutawy

| Sobekhotep I

| Founded the 13th Dynasty. His reign is well attested. Referred to as Sobekhotep I in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep II in older studies

| 1802–1800 BC

|Mehibtawy Sekhemkare

| Amenemhat Sonbef

| Perhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep and son of Amenemhat IV

| 1800–1796 BC

|Nerikare

| Sobek[...]

| Attested on a Nile record from Semna.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

| 1796 BC

|Sekhemkare

| Amenemhat V

| Ruled for 3 to 4 years

| 1796–1793 BC

|—

| Ameny Qemau

| Buried in his pyramid in south Dashur

| 1795–1792 BC

|Hotepibre

| Qemau Siharnedjheritef

| Also called Sehotepibre

| 1792–1790 BC

| —

| Iufni

| Only attested on the Turin canon

| Very short reign, possibly {{circa}} 1790–1788 BC

|Seankhibre

| Amenemhat VI

| Attested on the Turin Canon.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

| 1788–1785 BC

|Semenkare

| Nebnuni

| Attested on the Turin Canon{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

| 1785–1783 BC or 1739 BCThomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen, Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, {{ISBN|3-491-96053-3}}

|Sehetepibre

|Sewesekhtawy

| Attested on the Turin Canon.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

| 1783–1781 BC

|Sewadjkare I

| —

| Known only from the Turin canon

|1781 BC

|Nedjemibre

| —

| Known only from the Turin canon

| 7 months, 1780 BC or 1736 BC

|Khaankhre

| Sobekhotep

| Referred to as Sobekhotep II in dominant hypothesis, known as Sobekhotep I in older studies

| Reigned {{circa}} 3 years, 1780–1777 BC

|Renseneb

| —

| 4 months

| 1777 BC

|Awybre

| Hor

| Famous for his intact tomb treasure and Ka statue

| Reigned 1 year and 6 months, 1777–1775 BC

|Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw

|—

| Possibly a son of Hor Awibre

| Estimated reign 3 years, 1775–1772 BC

|Djedkheperew

| —

| Possibly a son of Hor Awibre and brother of Khabaw, previously identified with Khendjer

| Estimated reign 2 years, 1772–1770 BC

| —

|Sebkay

| Possibly two kings, Seb and his son Kay.

|

|Sedjefakare

|Kay Amenemhat

| A well known king attested on numerous stelas and other documents.

| 5 to 7 years or 3 years, 1769–1766 BC

|Khutawyre

| Wegaf

| Founder of the dynasty in old studies

| {{circa}} 1767 BC

|Userkare

| Khendjer

| Possibly the first Semitic pharaoh, built a pyramid at Saqqara

| Minimum 4 years and 3 months {{circa}} 1765 BC

|Smenkhkare

| Imyremeshaw

| Attested by two colossal statues

| Reigned less than 10 years, starting 1759 BC or 1711 BC.Thomas Schneider: Lexikon der Pharaonen, Albatros, 2002

|Sehetepkare

| Intef IV

| —

| Less than 10 years

|Meribre

|Seth

| —

| Reign ended 1749 BC

|Sekhemresewadjtawy

| Sobekhotep III

| 4 years and 2 months

| 1755–1751 BC

|Khasekhemre

| Neferhotep I

| 11 years

| 1751–1740 BC

|Menwadjre

| Sihathor

| Ephemeral coregent with his brother Neferhotep I, may not have reigned independently.

| 1739 BC

|Khaneferre

| Sobekhotep IV

| 10 or 11 years

| 1740–1730 BC

|Merhotepre

| Sobekhotep V

| —

| {{center|1730 BC}}

|Khahotepre

| Sobekhotep VI

| 4 years 8 months and 29 days

| {{circa}} 1725 BC

|Wahibre

| Ibiau

| 10 years and 8 months

| 1725–1714 BC or 1712–1701 BC

|Merneferre

| Ay I

| Longest reigning king of the dynasty

| 23 years, 8 months and 18 days, 1701–1677 BC or 1714–1691 BC

|Merhotepre

| Ini

| Possibly a son of his predecessor

| 2 years, 3 or 4 months and 9 days, 1677–1675 BC or 1691–1689 BC

|Sankhenre

| Sewadjtu

| Attested only on the Turin canon

| 3 years and 2–4 months, 1675–1672 BC

|Mersekhemre

| Ined

| May be the same person as Neferhotep II

| 3 years, 1672–1669 BC

|Sewadjkare II

| Hori

| Reigned 5 years

| 5 years

|Merkawre

| Sobekhotep VII

| Reigned 2 years and 6 monthsK. S. B. Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997

| 1664–1663 BC

|Name lost

| rowspan="7" | Seven kings

| rowspan="7" | Names lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon

| rowspan="7" | 1663 BC –?

|Name lost

|Name lost

|Name lost

|Name lost

|Name lost

|Name lost

|Mer[...]re

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Merkheperre

| —

| —

| Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC

|Merkare

| —

| Attested only on the Turin canon

| Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC

| colspan="2" |Name lost

| —

| Unknown

|Sewadjare

| Mentuhotep V

| —

| {{circa}} 1655 BC

|[...]mosre

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Ibi [...]maatre

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Hor[...] [...]webenre

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Se[...]kare

| —

| Unknown

| Unknown

|Seheqenre

| Sankhptahi

| May be the son of his predecessor

| Between 1663 and 1649 BC

|[...]re

| —

| Unknown

| Unknown

|Se[...]enre

| —

| Unknown

| Unknown – 1649 BC

|Djedhotepre

| Dedumose I

| Possibly a king of the 16th dynasty

| {{circa}} 1654 BC

|Djedneferre

| Dedumose II

| Possibly a king of the 16th dynasty

| Unknown

|Maare

|Sobekhotep IX

|Late 13th dynasty.

|Unknown

|Sewahenre

| Senebmiu

| Late 13th dynasty.

| After 1660 BC.

|Mershepsesre

| Ini II

| Late 13th dynasty.

| Unknown

|Menkhaure

| Snaaib

| Possibly a king of the Abydos Dynasty

| Unknown

| Sekhaenre

| Yakbim

| Chronological position uncertain, here given according to Ryholt

| 1805–1780 BC

| Nubwoserre

| Ya'ammu

| Chronological position uncertain, here given per Ryholt

| 1780–1770 BC

| Khawoserre

| Qareh

| Chronological position uncertain, here given per Ryholt

| 1770–1760 BC

| Aahotepre

| 'Ammu

| Chronological position uncertain, here given per Ryholt

| 1760–1745 BC

|Maaibre

| Sheshi{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt//chronology/2interkings/kings2intermediateryholt.html|title=Kings of the 2nd Intermediate Period|website=www.ucl.ac.uk}}

| Chronological position, duration of reign and extend of rule uncertain, here given according to Ryholt.K.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997 Alternatively, he could be an early Hyksos king, a Hyksos ruler of the second part of the 15th Dynasty or a vassal of the Hyksos.

| 1745–1705 BC

|Aasehre

| Nehesy

| Short reign, perhaps a son of Sheshi

| {{circa}} 1705 BC

|Khakherewre

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Nebefawre

| —

| —

| {{circa}} 1704 BC

|Sehebre

| —

| Possibly identifiable with Wazad or Sheneh

| {{circa}} 1704 to 1699 BC

|Merdjefare

| —

| Possibly identifiable with Wazad or Sheneh

| {{circa}} 1699 BC

|Sewadjkare III

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Nebdjefare

| —

| —

| 1694 BC

|Webenre

| —

| —

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| —

| Unknown

|[...]djefare

|—

| —

| Unknown

|[...]webenre

| —

| —

| {{circa}} 1690 BC

| Awibre II

| —

| —

| Unknown

| Heribre

| —

| —

| Unknown

| —

| Nebsenre

| Attested by a jar bearing his prenomen

| At least 5 months of reign, some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC

| colspan=2| Name lost

| —

| Unknown

| [...]re

| —

| —

| Unknown

|Sekheperenre

| —

| Attested by a single scarab seal

| 2 months, some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC

| Djedkherewre

| —

| —

| Unknown

| Sankhibre II

| —

| —

| Unknown

| Nefertum[...]re

| —

| —

| Unknown

| Sekhem[...]re

| —

| —

| Unknown

| Kakemure

| —

| —

| Unknown

| Neferibre

| —

| —

| Unknown

| —

| I[...]re

| —

| Unknown

| Khakare

| —

| —

| Unknown

| Akare{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=12}}

| —

| Only known from the Turin canon

| Unknown

| Semenenre

| Hapu

| —

| Unknown

| Djedkare

| Anati

| Only known from the Turin canon

| Unknown

| —

| Bebnum

| Only known from the Turin canon

| Some time between 1690 BC and 1649 BC

| colspan=2| Name lost

| rowspan=8| Eight lines lost in the Turin canon

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| Senefer[...]re

| —

| —

| Unknown

| Men[...]re

| —

| —

| Unknown

| Djed[...]re

| —

| —

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| rowspan=3| Three lines lost in the Turin canon

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| Ink[...]

| —

| —

| Unknown

| 'A[...]{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=4}}

| —

| Only known from the Turin canon. Name may be read as "Ineb" according to Alan Gardiner.

| Unknown

| —

| 'Apepi

| Possibly attested as a king's son by 5 scarabs-seals

| {{circa}} 1650 BC

| colspan=2| Name lost

| rowspan=5| Five lines lost in the Turin canon

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| colspan=2| Name lost

| Unknown

| —

|Khamure

| —

| Unknown

|—

| Nuya

| Attested by a scarab-seal

| Unknown

|—

| Sheneh

| May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare

| Unknown

|—

| Shenshek

| Attested by a scarab-seal

| Unknown

|—

| Wazad

| May be identifiable with Sehebre or Merdjefare

| {{circa}} 1700 BC ?

|—

| Yakareb

| —

| Unknown

| Meruserre

| Yaqub-Har

| May belong to the 14th dynasty, the 15th dynasty or be a vassal of the Hyksos.

| 17th–16th centuries BC

|colspan="2"|(Salitis)

|Ruled Lower Egypt and founded the 15th Dynasty

|{{circa}} 1650 BC

| —

| Semqen

| Chronological position uncertain.

| 1649 BC – Unknown

| —

| 'Aper-'Anat

| Chronological position uncertain.

| Unknown

| —

| Sakir-Har

| —

| Unknown

| Meruserre

| Yaqub-Har

| From Turin papyrus.

| either 8 or 18 years

| Seuserenre

| Khyan

| Apex of the Hyksos' power, conquered Thebes toward the end of his reign

| likely 30–35 years

| Nebkhepeshre / Aqenenre / Auserre

| Apepi

| —

| 1590 BC?

| Nakhtyre / Hotepibre

| Khamudi

| —

| 1555–1544 BC

|Woseribre

| Senebkay

| Tomb discovered in 2014. Perhaps identifiable with a Woser[...]re of the Turin canon.

| {{circa}} 1650 BC

|Menkhaure

| Snaaib

| May belong to the late 13th Dynasty.Jürgen von Beckerath: Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der Zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, Glückstadt, 1964Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen, Münchner ägyptologische Studien 49, Mainz 1999.

| Uncertain

|Sekhemrekhutawy

| Pantjeny

| May belong to the late 16th Dynasty

| Uncertain

|Sekhemraneferkhau

| Wepwawetemsaf

| May belong to the late 16th DynastyMarcel Marée: A sculpture workshop at Abydos from the late Sixteenth or early Seventeenth Dynasty, in: Marcel Marée (editor): The Second Intermediate period (Thirteenth-Seventeenth Dynasties), Current Research, Future Prospects, Leuven, Paris, Walpole, Massachusetts. 2010 {{ISBN|978-90-429-2228-0}}. p. 247, 268

| Uncertain

| [...]hebre

| —

| Only known from the Turin Canon. Believed by Kim Ryholt to have been part of the Abydos dynasty.{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume 1: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300-1069 BC|last=Baker|first=Darrell D.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2008|isbn=978-977-416-221-3|location=Egypt|page=111}}

| Uncertain

|

| —

| Name of the first king is lost here in the Turin King List and cannot be recovered

| Unknown

|Sekhemresementawy

| Djehuti

| –

| 3 years

|Sekhemreseusertawy

| Sobekhotep VIII

| –

| 16 years

|Sekhemresankhtawy

| Neferhotep III

| –

| 1 year

|Seankhenre

| Mentuhotepi

| May be a king of the 17th Dynasty

| < 1 year

|Sewadjenre

| Nebiryraw I

| –

| 26 years

|Neferkare (?)

| Nebiryraw II

| –

| {{circa}} 1600 BC

|Semenre

|–

| –

| {{circa}} 1600 BC

|Seuserenre

| Bebiankh

| –

| 12 years

|Djedhotepre

| Dedumose I

| May be a king of the 13th Dynasty

| {{circa}} 1588–1582 BC

|Djedneferre

| Dedumose II

| –

| {{circa}} 1588–1582 BC

|Djedankhre

|Montemsaf

| –

| {{circa}} 1590 BC

|Merankhre

|Mentuhotep VI

| –

| Short reign, {{circa}} 1585 BC

|Seneferibre

| Senusret IV

| –

| Unknown

|Sekhemre

|Shedwast

| May be the same as Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II

| Unknown

| Sekhemrewahkhaw

| Rahotep

| —

| {{circa}} 1580

| Sekhemre Wadjkhaw

| Sobekemsaf I

| —

| At least 7 years

| Sekhemre Shedtawy

| Sobekemsaf II

| His tomb was robbed and burned during the reign of Ramesses IX.

| Unknown to {{circa}} 1573 BC

| Sekhemre-Wepmaat

| Intef V

| —

| {{circa}} 1573-1571 BC

| Nubkheperre

| Intef VI

| Reigned more than 3 years

| {{circa}} 1571 to the mid-1560s BC

| Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat

| Intef VII

| —

| Late 1560s BC

| Senakhtenre

| Ahmose

| —

| {{circa}} 1558 BC

| Seqenenre

| Tao

| Died in battle against the Hyksos.

| 1558–1554 BC

| Wadjkheperre

| Kamose

| —

| 1554–1549 BC

|Nebpehtire

| Ahmose I (Ahmosis I)

| Brother and successor to Kamose, conquered north of Egypt from the Hyksos.

| {{center|1551-1515 BCNadig, Peter (2016). Hatszepsut (in Polish). Prószyński i S-ka. p. 85. ISBN 978-83-8069-417-0

or 1539-1515 BCKara Cooney. Hatszepsut. Kobieta, która została królem [The Woman Who Would be King] (in Polish). WAB. 2016. p. 8 ISBN 978-83-280-2771-8}}

|Djeserkare

| Amenhotep I

| Son of Ahmose I. Amenhotep I led campaigns in Nubia down to the 3rd Nile cataract.{{cite book|author= Marc Van De Mieroop|date= 2021 |title= A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher= Wiley Blackwell |page= 146|isbn=978-1-119-62087-7}} He also introduced the practice of having the tomb and funerary temple in separate locations rather than in the same location.{{cite book|author= Marc Van De Mieroop|date= 2021 |title= A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher= Wiley Blackwell |page= 168|isbn=978-1-119-62087-7}} It is possible that Amenhotep I and his mother Ahmose-Nefertari founded the tomb workers village of Deir-el-Medina, the two were honored as gods by later residents.{{cite book|author= Marc Van De Mieroop|date= 2021 |title= A History of Ancient Egypt|publisher= Wiley Blackwell |page= 169|isbn=978-1-119-62087-7}}

| {{center|1515-1494 BCNadig, Peter (2016). Hatszepsut (in Polish). Prószyński i S-ka. p. 88. ISBN 978-83-8069-417-0

or 1514-1494 BCKara Cooney. Hatszepsut. Kobieta, która została królem [The Woman Who Would be King] (in Polish). WAB. 2016. p. 8 ISBN 978-83-280-2771-8}}

|Aakheperkare

| Thutmose I

| Believed to be of non-royal origin.{{Cite book |last=Cooney |first=Kara |title=When Women Ruled the World: Six Queens of Egypt |publisher=National Geographic |year=2018 |isbn=978-1426219771 |pages=103–104}} His mother is known to be Senseneb. Thutmose I established family control over the Egyptian throne for the next 175 years. Thutmose I defeated the Kingdom of Kush and destroyed Kerma in Nubia, he campaigned in Syria as far as the Euphrates River. He is also the father of Thutmose II and Hatshepsut.

| {{center|1494-1482 BCNadig, Peter (2016). Hatszepsut (in Polish). Prószyński i S-ka. p. 89. ISBN 978-83-8069-417-0

or 1493-1483 BCKara Cooney. Hatszepsut. Kobieta, która została królem [The Woman Who Would be King] (in Polish). WAB. 2016. p. 8 ISBN 978-83-280-2771-8}}

|Aakheperenre

| Thutmose II

| Son of Thutmose I. Grandson of Ahmose I through his mother, Mutnofret.Dodson & Hilton 2004: 126, 131

| {{center|1482-1480/1479 BC{{cite book |last1=Cooney |first1=Kara |title=Hatszepsut. Kobieta, która została królem [The Woman Who Would be King] |date=2016 |publisher=WAB |isbn=978-83-280-2771-8 |page=8 |language=pl}}{{cite book |last1=Nadig |first1=Peter |title=Hatszepsut |date=2016 |publisher=Prószyński i S-ka |isbn=978-83-8069-417-0 |page=100 |language=pl}}

|Maatkare

| Hatshepsut

| The second known female ruler of Egypt. Ruled jointly with her nephew Thutmose III.{{Cite book |last=Cooney |first=Kara |title=When Women Ruled the World: Six Queens of Egypt |publisher=National Geographic |year=2018 |isbn=978-1426219771 |pages=151–152}} Famous for her expedition to Punt documented on her famous Mortuary Temple at Deir el-Bahari. Built many temples and monuments. Ruled during the height of Egypt's power. Was the daughter of Thutmose I and the Great Wife of her brother Thutmose II.

| {{center|1479–1458 BC}}

|Menkheperre

| Thutmose III

| Son of Thutmose II. He ruled jointly with Hatshepsut, his aunt and step-mother, during the early part of her reign.Cooney, Kara (2018). When Women Ruled the World: Six Queens of Egypt. National Geographic. pp. 151–152. {{ISBN|978-1426219771}}. Famous for his territorial expansion into the Levant and Nubia. Under his reign, the Ancient Egyptian Empire was at its greatest extent. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power. Before the end of his reign, he obliterated Hatshepsut's name and image from temples and monuments.

| {{center|1479–1425 BC}}

|Aakheperrure

| Amenhotep II

| Son of Thutmose III. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power.

| {{center|1425–1400 BC}}

|Menkheperure

| Thutmose IV

| Famous for his Dream Stele. Son of Amenhotep II. Ruled during the height of Egypt's Power.

| {{center|1400–1390 BC}}

|Nebmaatre

| Amenhotep III

| Father of Akhenaten and grandfather of Tutankhamun. Ruled Egypt at the height of its power. Built many temples and monuments, including his enormous Mortuary Temple. Was the son of Thutmose IV.

| {{center|1390–1352 BC}}

|Neferkheperure Waenre

| Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten (Achencheres)

| Founder of the Amarna Period in which he changed the state religion from the polytheistic Ancient Egyptian religion to the Monotheistic Atenism, centered around the worship of the Aten, an image of the sun disc. He moved the capital to Akhetaten. Was the second son of Amenhotep III. He changed his name from Amenhotep (Amun is pleased) to Akhenaten (Effective for the Aten) to reflect his religion change.

| {{center|1352–1336 BC}}

|Ankhkheperure

| Smenkhkare

| Married to Meritaten, daughter of Akhenaten. Identity and sex of Smenkhare is uncertain, with suggestions they were either male relative of Akhenaten, or Queen Nefertiti, main wife of Akhenaten, who took ceremonial male identity as King. It's unknown if Smenkhkare ever was sole ruler, or if they died as co-regent of Akhenaten.{{cite book |last1=Naunton |first1=Chris |title=Searching for the Lost Tombs of Egypt |date=2018 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0500051993 |pages=181-182}}

| {{center|1340–1337 BC{{cite book |last1=Naunton |first1=Chris |title=Searching for the Lost Tombs of Egypt |date=2018 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0500051993 |page=380}} or 1336–1334{{cite book |last1=Cooney |first1=Kara |title=Hatszepsut. Kobieta, która została królem |date=2016 |publisher=WAB |isbn=978-83-280-2771-8 |page=8 |language=pl}}}}

|Neferneferuaten

|Female pharaoh. Speculated to be former queen consort Neferneferuaten Nefertiti, because of name similarity. Might have been the same person as Smenkhkare, as they shared the same throne name; alternatively Neferneferuaten was ruling queen, while Smenkhkare was a male king.

| {{center|1336–1332 BC{{cite book |last1=Naunton |first1=Chris |title=Searching for the Lost Tombs of Egypt |date=2018 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0500051993 |page=380}}}}

|Nebkheperure

| Tutankhaten / Tutankhamun

| Believed to be a son of Akhenaten.{{cite book |last1=Naunton |first1=Chris |title=Searching for the Lost Tombs of Egypt |date=2018 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0500051993 |pages=187-188}} He reinstated the polytheistic Ancient Egyptian religion. His name change from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun reflects the change in religion from the monolatristic Atenism to the classic religion, of which Amun is a major deity. He is thought to have taken the throne at around age eight or nine and to have died around age eighteen or nineteen, giving him the nickname "The Boy King." He became famous for being buried in a decorative tomb intended for someone else called KV62.

| {{center|1332–1323 BC{{cite book |last1=Naunton |first1=Chris |title=Searching for the Lost Tombs of Egypt |date=2018 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0500051993 |page=380}}}}

|Kheperkheperure

| Ay II

| Was Grand Vizier to Tutankhamun and an important official during the reigns of Akhenaten and Smenkhkare. Possibly the brother of Tiye, Great Wife of Amenhotep III, and also possibly father of Nefertiti, Great Wife of Akhenaten. Believed to have been born into nobility, but not royalty. Succeeded Tutankhamun due to his lack of an heir.

| {{center|1323–1320 BC{{cite book |last1=Naunton |first1=Chris |title=Searching for the Lost Tombs of Egypt |date=2018 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0500051993 |page=380}}}}

|Djeserkheperure Setpenre

| Horemheb

| Born a Commoner. Was a General during the Amarna Period. Obliterated Images of the Amarna Pharaohs and destroyed and vandalized buildings and monuments associated with them. Succeeded Ay despite Nakhtmin being the intended heir.

| {{center|1320–1292 BC}}

|Menpehtire

| Ramesses I{{cite web|title=Ramesses I Menpehtire|work=Digital Egypt|publisher=University College London|year=2001|access-date=2007-09-29|url=http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/ramsesi.html}}

| Already Grand Vizier, of non-royal birth. Succeeded Horemheb due to his lack of an heir.

| {{center|1292–1290 BC}}

|Menmaatre

| Seti I

| Regained much of the territory that was lost under the reign of Akhenaten.

| {{center|1290–1279 BC}}

|Usermaatre Setpenre (Ozymandias)

| Ramesses II the Great

| Continued expanding Egypt's territory until he reached a stalemate with the Hittite Empire at the Battle of Kadesh in 1275 BC, after which the famous Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty was signed in 1258 BC. Had one of the longest Egyptian reigns. Known for his large scale construction projects, including many now famous monuments.

| {{center|1279–1213 BC}}

|Banenre

| Merneptah{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/merenptah.html|title=King Merenptah|work=Digital Egypt|publisher=University College London|year=2001|access-date=2007-09-29}}

| Thirteenth son of Ramesses II.

| {{center|1213–1203 BC}}

|Menmire Setpenre

| Amenmesse

| Most likely a usurper to the throne. Possibly ruled in opposition to Seti II. Suggested son of Merneptah.

| {{center|1203–1200 BC}}

|Userkheperure

| Seti II{{cite web|title=Sety II|url=http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/setyii.html|access-date=2007-10-27|work=Digital Egypt|publisher=University College London|year=2001}}

| Son of Merneptah. May have had to overcome a contest by Amenmesse before he could solidify his claim to the throne.

| {{center|1203–1197 BC}}

|Sekhaenre / Akhenre

| (Merenptah) Siptah{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/siptah.html|title=Siptah Sekhaenre/Akhenre|access-date=2007-10-27|work=Digital Egypt|publisher=University College London|year=2001}}

| Possibly son of Seti II or Amenmesse, ascended to throne at a young age.Cooney, Kara (2018). When Women Ruled the World: Six Queen of Egypt. National Geographic. p. 230. {{ISBN|978-1426219771}}.

| {{center|1197–1191 BC}}

|Satre Merenamun

| Tausret

| Seti II's widow, initially regent for Pharaoh Siptah, then briefly sole Pharaoh.{{Cite book |last=Cooney |first=Kara |title=When Women Ruled the World: Six Queen of Egypt |publisher=National Geographic |year=2018 |isbn=978-1426219771 |pages=223, 230–231, 236–237}} Also known as Twosret or Tawosret.

| {{center|1191–1189 BC}}

|Userkhaure

| Setnakhte

| Not related to Seti II, Siptah, or Tausret. May have usurped the throne from Tausret. Did not recognize Siptah or Tausret as legitimate rulers. Possibly a member of a minor line of the Ramesside royal family. Also called Setnakt.

| {{center|1190–1186 BC}}

|Usermaatre Meryamun

| Ramesses III

| Son of Setnakhte. Fought the Sea Peoples in 1175 BC. assassinated in Harem conspiracy.

| {{center|1186–1155 BC}}

|Usermaatre / Heqamaatre Setpenamun

| Ramesses IV

| Son of Ramesses III. During his reign, Egyptian power started to decline.

| {{center|1155–1149 BC}}

|Usermaatre Sekheperenre

| Ramesses V

| Son of Ramesses IV

| {{center|1149–1145 BC}}

|Nebmaatre Meryamun

| Ramesses VI

| Son of Ramesses III. Brother of Ramesses IV. Uncle of Ramesses V.

| {{center|1145–1137 BC}}

|Usermaatre Setpenre Meryamun

| Ramesses VII

| Son of Ramesses VI.

| {{center|1137–1130 BC}}

|Usermaatre Akhenamun

| Ramesses VIII

| An obscure Pharaoh, who reigned only around a year. Identifiable with Prince Sethiherkhepeshef II. Son of Ramesses III. Brother of Ramesses IV and Ramesses VI. Uncle of Ramesses V and Ramesses VII. He is the sole pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty whose tomb has not been found.

| {{center|1130–1129 BC}}

|Neferkare Setpenre

| Ramesses IX

| Probably grandson of Ramesses III through his father, Montuherkhopshef. First cousin of Ramesses V and Ramesses VII.

| {{center|1129–1111 BC}}

|Khepermaatre Setpenptah

| Ramesses XGrimal (1992) p.291

| A poorly documented Pharaoh, his reign was between 3 and 10 years long. His origins are completely uncertain.

| {{center|1111–1107 BC}}

|Menmaatre Setpenptah

| Ramesses XI{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/ramsesxi.html|title=Ramesses XI Menmaatre-setpenptah|access-date=2007-10-28}}

| Possibly the son of Ramesses X. During the second half of his reign, High Priest of Amun Herihor ruled over the south from Thebes, limiting his power to Lower (Northern) Egypt. He was succeeded in the north by Smendes.

| {{center|1107–1077 BC}}

|Hedjkheperre-Setpenre

| Nesbanebdjed ICerny p.645 (Smendes I)

| Married to Tentamun, probable daughter of Ramesses XI.

| 1077–1051 BC

|Neferkare

| Amenemnisu

| Obscure four-year reign.

| 1051–1047 BC

|Aakheperre

| Pasebakhenniut I (Psusennes I)

| Son of Pinedjem I, a High Priest of Amun. Ruled for 40 to 51 years. Famous for his intact tomb at Tanis. Known as "The Silver Pharaoh" due to the magnificent silver coffin he was buried in. One of the most powerful rulers of the Dynasty.

| 1047–1001 BC

|Usermaatre

| Amenemope

| Son of Psusennes I.

| 1001–992 BC

|Aakheperre Setepenre

| Osorkon the Elder

| Son of Shoshenq A, Great Chief of the Meshwesh (Libya). Also known as Osochor.

| 992–986 BC

|Netjerikheperre-Setpenamun

| Siamun

| Unknown Origins. Built extensively for a third intermediate period Pharaoh. One of the most powerful rulers of the dynasty.

| 986–967 BC

|Titkheperure

| Pasebakhenniut II (Psusennes II)

| Son of Pinedjem II, a High Priest of Amun.

| 967–943 BC

|Hemnetjertepenamun

|Herihor Siamun

|Ruled in the south in Thebes, while Ramesses XI ruled from the north in Pi-Ramesses. Some sources suggest he may have reigned after Piankh.

| 1080–1074 BC

|colspan="2"| Piankh

| Some sources suggest he may have reigned before Herihor.

| 1074–1070 BC

| Kheperkhawra Setepenamun

| Pinedjem I Meriamun

| Son of Piankh. Father of Psusennes I. High Priest for many years, eventually gave his seat to his son Masaharta, and declared himself an actual pharaoh.{{Cite book |last=Grimal |first=Nicholas |title=Dzieje starożytnego Egiptu [Histoire de l'Egypte ancienne] |publisher=PIW |year=2004 |isbn=83-06-02917-8 |edition=2nd |pages=322–323 |language=pl}}

| 1070–1055 BC (High Priest)

1054-1032 BC

(Pharaoh)

| —

| Masaharta

| Son of Pinedjem I.

| 1054–1045 BC

| Djedkhonsuefankh

| Son of Pinedjem I.

| 1046–1045 BC

| Hemnetjertepienamun

| Menkheperre

| Son of Pinedjem I.

| 1045–992 BC

| —

| Nesbanebdjed II (Smendes II)

| Son of Menkheperre.

| 992–990 BC

| —

| Pinedjem II

| Son of Menkheperre, Father of Psusennes II.

| 990–976 BC

| Titkheprure

|Hemnetjertepienamun Pasebakhaennuit (Psusennes III)

|Possibly the same person as Psusennes II. Either he or Pinedjem II is generally considered to be the last High Priest of Amun to consider himself as a pharaoh-like figure.

| 976–943 BC

|Hedjkheperre Setpenre

| Shoshenq I Meriamun

| Son of Nimlot A, a brother of Osorkon the Elder and a Great Chief of the Meshwesh (Libyans). Possibly the biblical Shishaq

| 943–922 BC

|Sekhemkheperre Setepenre

| Osorkon I Meriamun

| Son of Shoshenq I.

| 922–887 BC

|Heqakheperre Setepenre

| Shoshenq II Meriamun

| Obscure pharaoh, possibly a usurper.

| 887–885 BC

|Tutkheperre

| Shoshenq IIb

| Obscure pharaoh, placement uncertain.

| 880s BC

|Hedjkheperre Setepenamun

|Harsiese Meriamun A

| An obscure rebel, at Thebes.

| 880–860 BC

| Hedjkheperre Setepenre

| Takelot I Meriamun

| Son of Osorkon I.

| 885–872 BC

|Usermaatre Setpenamun

| Osorkon II Meriamun

| Son of Takelot I.

| 872–837 BC

|Usermaatre Setpenre

| Shoshenq III Meriamun

| —

| 837–798 BC

|Hedjkheperre Setepenre

| Shoshenq IV Meriamun Sabast Netjerheqaiunu

| —

| 798–785 BC

|Usermaatre Setpenre

| Pami Meriamun

| —

| 785–778 BC

|Aakheperre

| Shoshenq V

| —

| 778–740 BC

|Usermaatre

| Osorkon IV

| —

| 740–720 BC

|Hedjkheperre Setpenre

| Takelot II Siesemeriamun

| Previously thought to be a 22nd Dynasty pharaoh, he is now known to be the founder of the 23rd.

| 837–813 BC

|Usermaatre Setpenamun

| Meriamun Pedubast I

| A rebel—seized Thebes from Takelot II.

| 826–801 BC

|—

| Iuput I Meriamun

| Co-regent with Pedubast.

| 812–811 BC

|Usermaatre Meryamun

| Shoshenq VI Meriamun

| Successor to Pedubast.

| 801–795 BC

|Usermaatre Setpenamun

| Osorkon III Saisetmeriamun

| Son of Takelot II; recovered Thebes, then proclaimed himself king.

| 795–767 BC

|Usermaatre-Setpenamun

| Takelot III Meriamun Saisetmeriamun

| Co-reign with his father Osorkon III for the first five years of his reign.

| 773–765 BC

|Usermaatre-Setpenamun

| Meriamun Rudamun

| Younger son of Osorkon III and brother of Takelot III.

| 765–762 BC

|Uasnetjerre/Hedjkheperre Setepenre

| Shoshenq VII Saisetmeriamun

| A poorly attested king.

| —

|Menkheperre

| Ini

| Reigned at Thebes only.

| 762–Unknown BC

|Shepsesre

| Tefnakhte

| —

| 732–725 BC

|Wahkare

| Bakenrenef (Bocchoris)

| —

| 725–720 BC

|Usermaatre

| Piye

| King of Nubia; conquered Egypt in his 20th year; full reign at least 24 years, possibly 30+ years

| 744–714 BC, according to Frédéric PayraudeauF. Payraudeau, Retour sur la succession Shabaqo-Shabataqo, Nehet 1, 2014, p. 115–127

|Djedkaure

| Shebitku

| Believed to be Shabaka's successor until the 2010s

| 714–705 BC, according to Frédéric Payraudeau

|Neferkare

| Shabaka

| Believed to be Shebitku's predecessor until the 2010s

| 705–690 BC, according to Frédéric Payraudeau

|Khuinefertemre

| Taharqa

| Died in 664 BC

| 690–664 BC{{Cite book|title=African States and Rulers|last=Stewart|first=John|publisher=McFarland|year=1989|isbn=0-89950-390-X|location=London|page=88}}

|Bakare

| Tantamani

| Lost control of Upper Egypt in 656 BC when Psamtik I extended his authority into Thebes in that year.

| 664–653 BC

|Menibre? Iribre?

| Tefnakht II (Stephinates)

| Manetho's Stephinates. May have been a descendant of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty. The father of Necho I.

| 685–678 BC

|—

| Nekauba (Nechepsos)

| Manetho's Nechepsos. His existence has been questioned.

| 678–672 BC

|Menkheperre

| Nekau I (Necho I)

| Was killed by an invading Kushite force in 664 BC under Tantamani. Father of Psamtik I.

| 672–664 BC

|Wahibre

| Psamtik I (Psammetichus I)

| Reunified Egypt. Son of Necho I and father of Necho II.

| 664–610 BC{{Cite book|title=African States and Rulers|last=Stewart|first=John|publisher=McFarland|year=2006|edition=Third|isbn=0-7864-2562-8|location=London|page=83}}

|Wehemibre

| Nekau II (Necho II)

| Most likely the pharaoh mentioned in several books of the Bible and the death of Josiah. Son of Psamtik I and father of Psamtik II.

| 610–595 BC

|Neferibre

| Psamtik II (Psammetichus II)

| Son of Necho II and father of Apries.

| 595–589 BC

|Haaibre

| Wahibre (Apries)

| Fled Egypt after Amasis II (who was a general at the time) declared himself pharaoh following a civil war. Son of Psamtik II.

| 589–570 BC

|Khnemibre

| Ahmose II (Amasis II)

| He was the last great ruler of Egypt before the Persian conquest. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, he was of common origins. Father of Psamtik III.

| 570–526 BC

|Ankhkaenre

| Psamtik III (Psammetichus III)

| Son of Amasis II. Ruled for about six months before being defeated by the Persians in the Battle of Pelusium and subsequently executed for attempting to revolt.

| 526–525 BC

| Mesutre

| Kembydjet (Cambyses II)

| Defeated Psamtik III at the Battle of Pelusium at 525 BC.

| 525–1 July 522 BC

| —

| Bardiya (Smerdis) / Gaumata

| Son of Cyrus the Great.

| 522 BC

| Seteture

| Deriush (Darius I)

|Ascended throne by overthrowing Gaumata{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

| 522–November 486 BC

| —

| Kheshayarusha (Xerxes I)

| Assassinated by Artabanus of Persia.

| November 486–December 465 BC

| —

| Artabanus the Hyrcanian

| —

| 465-464 BC

| —

| Arutakhshashas (Artaxerxes I)

| Died in 424 BC

| 464–424 BC

| —

| Xerxes II

| A claimant.

| 424–423 BC

| —

| Sogdianus

| A claimant.

| 423–July 423 BC

| —

| Darius II

| Died in 404 BC

| July 423–March 404 BC

!Image

!Throne name

!Personal name

!Comments

!Dates

| Seheruibre

| Petubastis IIIPlaced in this dynasty only for chronological reasons, as he was not related to the Achaemenids.

| A native Egyptian rebel in the Delta.

| 522/21–520 BC

|Ahmose? Nebkaenre?

|Psammetichus IV

|A proposed native Egyptian rebel leader. Exact date uncertain.

|Possibly in the 480s BC

| Amunirdisu (Amyrtaeus)

|width=400| Descendant of the Saite pharaohs of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty; led a successful revolt against the Persians.

| 404–398 BC

|Baenre Merynetjeru

| Nefaarud I (Nepherites I)

| Also known as Nepherites. Defeated Amyrtaeus in open battle and had him executed.

| 398–393 BC

|Khnemmaatre Setepenkhnemu

| Hakor (Achoris)

| Son of Nefaarud I.

| {{circa}} 392–{{circa}} 391 BC

|Userre Setepenptah

| Pasherienmut (Psammuthes)

| Possibly dethroned Hakor for a year.

| {{circa}} 391 BC

|Khnemmaatre Setepenkhnemu

| Hakor (Achoris)

| Retook the throne from Psammuthes.

| {{circa}} 390–{{circa}} 379 BC

|—

| Nefaarud II (Nepherites II)

| Was deposed and likely killed by Nectanebo I after ruling for only 4 months. Son of Hakor.

| {{circa}} 379 BC

|—

|Muthis

|Possible pharaoh attested in Eusebius's epitome; not known archaeologically and his chronological placement is disputed.

|Possibly between 393 and 380 BC

|Kheperkare

| Nekhtnebef (Nectanebo I)

| Also known as Nekhtnebef. Deposed and likely killed Nefaarud II, starting the last dynasty of native Egyptians. Father of Teos.

| 379/8–361/0 BC

|Irimaatenre

| Djedher (Teos)

| Co-regent with his father Nectanebo I from about 365 BC. Was overthrown by Nectanebo II with the aid of Agesilaus II of Sparta.

| 361/0–359/8 BC

| Snedjemibre Setepenanhur

| Nakhthorhebyt Merihathor (Nectanebo II)

| Last native ruler of ancient Egypt{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/nakhthorbyt.html|title=Nakhthorhebyt|publisher=Digital Egypt for Universities|access-date=March 1, 2011}} to be recognized by Manetho.

| 359/8–341/0 BC

| Artaxerxes III

|Egypt came under Persian rule for the second time. Did not adopt any pharaonic titulary.

| {{circa}} 341/339 – 338 BC{{sfn|Depuydt|2010|pp=192, 202}}

| Artaxerxes IV Arses

| Only reigned in Lower Egypt. Did not adopt any pharaonic titulary.

| 338–336 BC

| Darius III

|Upper Egypt returned to Persian control in 335 BC. His name, Deriush, was written in a cartouche as a pharaonic nomen would be.

| 336–332 BC

!Image

!Throne name

!Personal name

!Comments

!Dates

|Senensetepuniptah

| Khababash

| Rebel pharaoh who led an invasion in Nubia.

| 338–335 BC

| Setpenre Meryamun

| Aluksindres (Alexander the Great)

| Formally Alexander III of Macedon conquered Persia and Egypt.

| 332–13 June 323 BC

| Setpenre Meryamun

| Pelupuisa (Philip Arrhidaeus)

|width=400| Formally Philip III of Macedon. Mentally disabled half-brother of Alexander the Great.

| 323–317 BC

|Khaibre Setepenamun

| Aluksindres (Alexander IV)

| Formally Alexander IV of Macedon. Son of Alexander the Great and Roxana.

| 317–309 BC

|Setpenre Meryamun

| Ptolemy I Soter

| —

| 7 November 305 – January 282 BC

|Weserkare Meryamun

| Ptolemy II Philadelphos

| —

| 28 March 284 – 28 January 246 BC

|Iwaensenwinetjerwy Setepenre Sekhemankhenamun

| Ptolemy III Euergetes

| —

| 28 January 246 – November/December 222 BC

|Iwaennetjerwymenekhwy Setepenptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun

| Ptolemy IV Philopator

| Died in unclear circumstances, possibly by fire in the palace or murder.

| November/December 222 – July/August 204 BC

|Iwaennetjerwymer(wy)it Setepenptah Userkare Sekhemankhamun

| Ptolemy V Epiphanes

|Upper Egypt in revolt 207–186 BC

| July/August 204 – September 180 BC

|Iwaennetjerwyperu Setepenptahkheperi Irymaatamunre

| Ptolemy VI Philometor

| Lived under the control of Ptolemy VIII 164 BC–163 BC; restored 163 BC Died 145 BC

| {{circa}} May 180 – October 164 BCand

163 – {{circa}} July 145 BC

|—

| Cleopatra II

| Wife of Ptolemy VI. Married Ptolemy VIII {{circa}} 145 BC; led revolt against him in 131 BC and became sole ruler of Egypt. Later reconciled with Ptolemy VIII; co-ruled with Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII until 116 BC.

| 170 – October 164 BC

and

163–127 BC

and

124–116 BC

|Iwaennetjerwyperwy Setepenptah Irymaatre Sekhemankhenamun

| Ptolemy VIII Physcon

|width=400| Proclaimed king by Alexandrians in 170 BC; ruled jointly with Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II from 169 to 164 BC. Restored 145–131 BC and again in 127 BC. Died 116 BC

| 171–163 BC

and

144–131 BC

and

127–116 BC

|Panetjerhunu Meriyetef

| Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator

| Proclaimed co-ruler by his father; later ruled under regency of his mother Cleopatra II

| 145–144 BC

|—

| Cleopatra III

| width="400" | Second wife of Ptolemy VIII. Restored with Ptolemy VIII in 127 BC; later co-regent with Ptolemy IX and X. Murdered by her own son Ptolemy X.

| 142–131 BC

and

127–107 BC

|—

| Ptolemy Memphites

| Proclaimed King by Cleopatra II; soon killed by Ptolemy VIII

| 131 BC

|Iwa(en)netjermenekhnetjeretmeretmutesnedjet(et) Setepenptah Irimaatre Sekhemankhamun

| Ptolemy IX Soter

| Died 80 BC

| 28 June 116–October 110 BC

and

88-81 BC

|Iwa(en)netjermenekhenetjeretmenkhetre Setepenptah Irimaatre Senenankhenamun

| Ptolemy X Alexander

| Died 88 BC

| October 110–February 109 BC

and

107-88 BC

|—

| Berenice III

| Forced to marry Ptolemy XI; murdered on his orders 19 days later

| 81–80 BC

|—

| Ptolemy XI Alexander

|width=400| Young son of Ptolemy X Alexander; installed by Sulla; ruled for 80 days before being lynched by citizens for killing Berenice III

| 80 BC

|Iwaenpanetjernehem Setepenptah Irimaatenre Sekhemankhamen

| width="200" | Ptolemy XII Auletes

| Son of Ptolemy IX; deposed in 58 BC Reigned briefly with his daughter Cleopatra VII before his death in 51 BC

| 80–58 BC

and

55–51 BC

|—

| Cleopatra V Tryphaena

| Wife of Ptolemy XII, mother of Berenice IV

| 79–68 BC

|—

| Cleopatra VI

| Supposed daughter of Ptolemy XII, theorised by some Egyptologists to actually be the same person as Cleopatra V.{{citation | last=Tyldesley | first=Joyce | title=Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt | year=2006 | page=[https://archive.org/details/chronicleofqueen00tyld/page/200 200] | publisher=WW Norton | isbn=0-500-05145-3 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleofqueen00tyld/page/200}}.

| 58–57 BC

|—

| Berenice IV

|width=400| Daughter of Ptolemy XII; forced to marry Seleucus Kybiosaktes, but had him strangled; later married Archelaos of Comana. Joint rule with Cleopatra VI until 57 BC.

| 58–55 BC

|Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator

|Son and designated heir of Ptolemy XII Auletes alongside his sister Cleopatra. Supposedly drowned during Battle of the Nile (47 BC).

|51-47 BC

|Ptolemy XIV Philopator

|Brother-husband and nominal co-ruler of Cleopatra. Died young, allegedly poisoned by his sister-wife.Tyldesley, Joyce. Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt. Profile Books. 2009. pp. 145-146. {{ISBN|978-1861979018}}

|47-44 BC

|—

| Cleopatra VII

| width="400" | Ruled jointly with her brother Ptolemy XIII, her brother Ptolemy XIV, and her son Ptolemy XV.{{cite book |last1=Tyldesley |first1=Joyce |title=Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt |date=2009 |publisher=Profile Books |isbn=978-1861979018 |page=22 |quote=Cleopatra's 'reign' is in fact a succession of co-regencies with her brother Ptolemy XIII (51-47), her brother Ptolemy XIV (47-44) and her son Ptolemy XV Caesar (44-30).}} In modern usage, the stand-alone use of "Cleopatra" with no ordinal number usually refers to Cleopatra VII. Believed to committed suicide.

| 51{{Cite book |last=Tyldesley |first=Joyce |title=Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt |publisher=Profile Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1861979018 |page=59}} – 12 August 30 BC

| —

| Arsinoe IV

| In opposition to Cleopatra VII

| December 48 – January 47 BC

|Iwapanetjernetynehem Setepenptah Irimaatre Sekhem(ankh)enamun

| Ptolemy XV Caesar

| Eldest son of Cleopatra VII; aged 3 when proclaimed co-ruler with Cleopatra. Last known ruler of ancient Egypt when Rome took over.

| 2 September 44 – late August 30 BC

|—

|Hugronaphor

|Revolutionary pharaoh in the South

|205–199 BC

|—

|Ankhmakis

|Revolutionary pharaoh in the South

|199–185 BC

|—

|Harsiesi

|Revolutionary pharaoh in the South

|131–130 BC

|Khenem(et)ibenmaat Mer(et)netjru

| Arsinoe II

| Wife of Ptolemy II

| {{circa}} 277 – July 270 BC

|—

| Berenice II

| Wife of Ptolemy III. Murdered.

| 244/243 – 222 BC

|—

| Arsinoe III

| Wife of Ptolemy IV. Murdered.

| 220–204 BC

|—

| Cleopatra I Syra

| Wife of Ptolemy V, regent of her son Ptolemy VI during his minority. Possible nominal co-ruler with her husband and son.

| {{circa}} February 193 – 176 BC