Presidency of Emmanuel Macron#First term

{{further|Renaissance (French political party)}}

Macron became known to the French public via his appearance on the French TV programme Des Paroles Et Des Actes in March 2015.{{Cite news|url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-magazine/france-2/des-paroles-et-des-actes/des-paroles-et-des-actes-du-jeudi-12-mars-2015_841451.html|title=Des paroles et des actes. Invité : Emmanuel Macron|date=5 March 2015|work=Franceinfo|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} Before forming En Marche !, Macron had hosted a series of events with him speaking in public, his first one in March 2015 in Val-de-Marne.{{Cite news|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/270617/l-assemblee-le-pouvoir-installe-ses-tetes|title=A l'Assemblée, le pouvoir installe ses têtes|last=Magnaudeix|first=Mathieu|work=Mediapart|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} Macron threatened to leave Manuel Valls' second government over the proposed reform on removing dual-nationality from terrorists.{{Cite web|url=https://lelab.europe1.fr/emmanuel-macron-explique-etre-parti-du-gouvernement-a-cause-de-la-decheance-de-nationalite-2856139|title=Lelab Europe1 – le meilleur de l'actualité politique sur le web|website=lelab.europe1.fr|access-date=26 July 2023|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107015822/https://lelab.europe1.fr/emmanuel-macron-explique-etre-parti-du-gouvernement-a-cause-de-la-decheance-de-nationalite-2856139|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2016/02/09/25002-20160209ARTFIG00392-decheance-pour-macron-on-ne-traite-pas-le-mal-en-l-expulsant.php|title=Emmanuel Macron prend ses distances avec la déchéance de nationalité|date=9 February 2016|website=Le Figaro|access-date=26 July 2023}} He took diplomatic trips, including one to Israel where he spoke on the advancement of digital technology.{{cite web|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/08/09/2015/lesechos.fr/021312892961_macron--vrp-de-la-french-tech-en-israel.htm|title=Macron, VRP de la French Tech en Israël|date=8 September 2015|website=Les Échos|location=France|access-date=26 July 2023}}

Tensions around Macron's loyalty to the Valls government and François Hollande increased when they turned down "Macron 2", a bill he proposed that had a larger scope than the original {{ill|Macron law|fr|Loi pour la croissance, l'activité et l'égalité des chances économiques}}.{{cite web | url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/120616/comment-leurope-pese-sur-la-loi-el-khomri |title=Comment l'Europe a pesé sur la loi El Khomri | first= Martine | last = Orange | language = fr |work=Mediapart |date=12 June 2016|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/emmanuel-macron-dernier-maillon-fort-qui-pourrait-lacher-96996|title=Emmanuel Macron, le dernier maillon fort qui pourrait lâcher|date=16 February 2016|work=L'Opinion|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} Macron was given the chance to insert his opinion into the El Khomri law and put specific parts of Macron 2 into the law although Myriam El Khomri was able to overturn these with the help of other ministers.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}{{clarify|date=August 2023}}

Amid tensions and deterioration of relations with the government, Macron founded an independent political party, En Marche !, in Amiens on 6 April 2016.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/04/06/emmanuel-macron-lance-un-mouvement-politique-nouveau-baptise-en-marche_4897274_823448.html|title=Emmanuel Macron lance un " mouvement politique nouveau " baptisé " En marche ! "|date=6 April 2016|newspaper=Le Monde|language=fr|issn=1950-6244|access-date=26 July 2023}} It became a liberal,{{cite news |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/emmanuel-macron-un-banquier-social-liberal-a-bercy-26-08-2014-4088311.php |title=Emmanuel Macron, un banquier social-libéral à Bercy |newspaper=Le Parisien|date=26 August 2014 |language= fr| access-date=26 July 2023}} progressive{{cite web|url=http://www.europe1.fr/politique/macron-veut-voir-son-projet-progressiste-defendu-en-2017-2783443|title=Macron veut voir son 'projet progressiste' défendu en 2017|publisher=Europe1|date=27 June 2016 |access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2016/08/20/macron-precise-son-projet-progressiste-pour-2017_4985391_4854003.html|title=Macron précise son projet " progressiste " pour 2017|first=Patrick |last=Roger |date=20 August 2016| language = fr |access-date=26 July 2023|work=Le Monde}} political movement.{{Cite news|url=http://lelab.europe1.fr/la-folle-sequence-mediatique-demmanuel-macron-2726665|title=La folle séquence médiatique d'Emmanuel Macron – Le Lab Europe 1|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR|archive-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806061833/http://lelab.europe1.fr/la-folle-sequence-mediatique-demmanuel-macron-2726665|url-status=dead}} The party and Macron were both reprimanded by President Hollande and the question of Macron's loyalty to the government was raised.{{Cite news|url=http://lelab.europe1.fr/emmanuel-macron-refuse-detre-loblige-de-francois-hollande-2726290|title=Finalement, le parti d'Emmanuel Macron est "et de droite, et de gauche" (mais surtout progressiste) – Le Lab Europe 1|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR|archive-date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424111150/http://lelab.europe1.fr/emmanuel-macron-refuse-detre-loblige-de-francois-hollande-2726290|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36792249|title=France elections: Hollande slaps down ambitious minister Macron|publisher=BBC|date=14 July 2016|access-date=26 July 2023}} Several MEPs spoke out in support of the party,{{cite web|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Macron-et-l-heritage-de-Jeanne-d-Arc-784439|title=Macron et l'héritage de Jeanne d'Arc|website=Le Journal du Dimanche|date=8 May 2016 |language=fr-FR|access-date=26 July 2023}} although the majority of the Socialist Party spoke against En Marche ! including Valls,{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.fr/story/118839/macron-revolution-passive|title=Macron ou la "révolution passive" des élites françaises|author=Gaël Brustier|work=Slate|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} Michel Sapin,{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/2016/06/16/20002-20160616ARTFIG00269-michel-sapin-emmanuel-macron-les-meilleurs-ennemis-de-bercy.php|title=Michel Sapin-Emmanuel Macron : les meilleurs ennemis de Bercy|last=Visot|first=Marie|date=16 June 2016|work=Le Figaro|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR|issn=0182-5852}} Axelle Lemaire and Christian Eckert.{{Cite book|title=Emmanuel Macron en marche vers l'Élysée|last=Prissette|first=Nicolas|publisher=Plon|year=2016|page=255}}

In June 2016, support for Macron and his movement, En Marche !, began to grow in the media with Libération reporting that L'Express, Les Échos, {{ill|Le 1|fr}}, and L'Opinion had begun to voice public support for Macron.{{Cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/futurs/2016/07/12/ces-journaux-qui-en-pincent-pour-macron_1465762|title=Ces journaux qui en pincent pour Macron|work=Libération|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} Following controversies surrounding trade unionists and their protests, major newspapers began to run stories about Macron and En Marche ! on their front page with mainly positive comments.{{Cite news|url=http://www.acrimed.org/La-presse-est-unanime-Emmanuel-Macron|title=La presse est unanime : Emmanuel Macron|work=Acrimed {{!}} Action Critique Médias|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} Criticized by both the far-left and the far-right, these pro-Macron influencers in the press were dubbed "Macronites".{{Cite news|url=https://www.humanite.fr/la-macronite-de-lexpress-619149|title=La macronite de l'Express|date=27 October 2016|work=L'Humanité|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.valeursactuelles.com/la-macronitenest-pas-une-maladie-61342|title=La "macronite"n'est pas une maladie|website=Valeurs actuelles|language=fr|access-date=26 July 2023|archive-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806072950/http://www.valeursactuelles.com/la-macronitenest-pas-une-maladie-61342|url-status=dead}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.acrimed.org/Le-cas-Macron-un-feuilleton-mediatique-a-suspense|title=Le " cas Macron " : un feuilleton médiatique à suspense|work=Acrimed {{!}} Action Critique Médias|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}

In May 2016, Orleans mayor Olivier Carré invited Macron to the festival commemorating the 587th anniversary of Joan of Arc's efforts during the Siege of Orléans.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/05/08/a-orleans-emmanuel-macron-a-rendu-hommage-a-jeanne-d-arc-qui-a-su-rassembler-la-france_4915603_823448.html|title=A Orléans, Emmanuel Macron a rendu hommage à Jeanne d'Arc qui " a su rassembler la France "|date=8 May 2016|work=Le Monde|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/05/08/avec-jeanne-d-arc-macron-attend-des-voix_1451313|title=Avec Jeanne d'Arc, Macron attend des voix|work=Libération|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} LCI reported that Macron was trying to recover the symbol of Joan of Arc from the far-right.{{Cite news |url=http://www.lci.fr/politique/macron-a-orleans-cest-quoi-les-fetes-johanniques-si-prisees-des-politiques-1510079.html |title=Macron à Orléans : c'est quoi les fêtes johanniques, si prisées des politiques? |work=LCI |date=26 July 2023 |language=fr-FR}} Macron later went to Puy du Fou and declared he was "not a socialist" in a speech amid rumours he was going to leave the government.{{Cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/france/2016/08/19/macron-l-honnetete-m-oblige-a-vous-dire-que-je-ne-suis-pas-socialiste_1473437|title=Macron: "L'honnêteté m'oblige à vous dire que je ne suis pas socialiste"|work=Libération|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}

On 30 August 2016, Macron resigned from his positions as Economy Minister ahead of the 2017 presidential election,{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37221446|title=Macron quits to clear way for French presidential bid|work=BBC News|date=30 August 2016|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2016/08/30/01002-20160830LIVWWW00101-macron-demission-gouvernement-hollande-politique-presidentielle-2017.php|title=Macron évite soigneusement d'évoquer sa candidature|author1=Julien Licourt|author2=Yohan Blavignat|date=30 August 2016|work=Le Figaro|language=fr|access-date=26 July 2023}} to devote himself to En Marche !.{{Cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20160830-emmanuel-macron-demission-bercy-sapin-bilan-economie-presidentielle|title=Emmanuel Macron démissionne pour se consacrer à son mouvement En Marche ! – France 24|date=30 August 2016|publisher=France 24|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/politique/0211240059317-macron-annonce-sa-demission-cet-apres-midi-pour-se-consacrer-a-son-mouvement-en-marche-2023616.php|title=Macron démissionne avec l'Elysée en ligne de mire|date=30 August 2016|work=Les Échos|location=France|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} Tensions had been rising amid several reports that he wanted to leave the government since early 2015.{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.fr/story/122803/macron-demission|title=Emmanuel Macron, la démission continue|work=Slate|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} Macron initially planned to leave after the cancellation of his "Macron 2" law, but after a meeting with Hollande, he decided to stay and an announcement was planned to declare that Macron was committed to the government,{{Cite news|url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron/l-histoire-secrete-de-la-demission-d-emmanuel-macron_1803851.html|title=L'histoire secrète de la démission d'Emmanuel Macron|date=31 August 2016|work=Franceinfo|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} later delayed due to the attacks in Nice and Normandy.{{Cite news|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/300816/macron-demissionne-avec-2017-dans-le-viseur|title=Macron démissionne, avec 2017 dans le viseur|last=Alliès|first=Stéphane|work=Mediapart|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2016/08/30/l-emancipation-express-du-chouchou-de-l-elysee_1475594|title=L'émancipation express du chouchou de l'Elysée|work=Libération|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} Sapin replaced Macron.{{Cite news|url=http://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2016/08/30/emmanuel-macron-attendu-a-l-elysee|title=Emmanuel Macron : "J'ai démissionné pour être libre"|access-date=26 July 2023}} Speaking on Macron's resignation, Hollande said he had been "betrayed".{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/08/31/hollande-emmanuel-macron-m-a-trahi-avec-methode_4990333_823448.html|title=Hollande : " Emmanuel Macron m'a trahi avec méthode "|last=d'Allonnes|first=David Revault|date=31 August 2016|work=Le Monde|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}} According to an IFOP poll, 84% of people agreed with Macron's decision to resign.{{cite web|url=http://www.ifop.com/?option=com_publication&type=poll&id=3464|title=Ifop – Les Français et la démission d'Emmanuel Macron du gouvernement|website=ifop.com|language=fr-fr|access-date=26 July 2023}}

{{Main|2017 French presidential election}}

{{See also|Political positions of Emmanuel Macron}}

Macron first showed an intention to run by forming En Marche ! and his resignation allowed him to dedicate himself to his movement. He announced that he was considering running for president in April 2016,{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2016/04/07/le-pari-liberal-d-emmanuel-macron_4897752_4854003.html|title=Le pari libéral d'Emmanuel Macron|last=Wieder|first=Thomas|date=7 April 2016|work=Le Monde|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}} and after his resignation, media sources reported patterns in Macron's fundraising matching typical presidential campaign tactics.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/coulisses/2016/05/18/25006-20160518ARTFIG00273-les-levees-de-fond-au-profit-d-emmanuel-macron-se-poursuivent.php|title=Les levées de fonds au profit d'Emmanuel Macron se poursuivent|last=Mourgue|first=Marion|date=18 May 2016|work=Le Figaro|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR|issn=0182-5852}} In October 2016, Macron criticized Hollande's goal of serving as a "normal" president, saying that France needed a more "Jupiterian presidency".{{cite web|website=France Inter|title='Président jupitérien' : comment Macron comptait régner sur l'Olympe (avant les Gilets jaunes)|language=fr|url=https://www.franceculture.fr/politique/president-jupiterien-comment-macron-compte-regner-sur-lolympe|first=Hélène|last=Combis|date=19 June 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}

On 16 November 2016, Macron formally declared his candidacy. In his announcement speech, Macron called for a "democratic revolution" and promised to "unblock France".{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37994372 |title=France's Macron Joins Presidential Race to 'Unblock France' |date=16 November 2016 |publisher=BBC, UK |access-date= 26 July 2023}} He had expressed hope that Hollande would run several months earlier, saying that, as the sitting president, he was the legitimate candidate for the Socialist Party.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2016/03/16/25002-20160316ARTFIG00114-2017-macron-calme-le-jeu-et-se-range-derriere-hollande.php|title=2017 : Macron calme le jeu et se range derrière Hollande|last=Boni|first=Marc de|date=16 March 2016|work=Le Figaro|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR|issn=0182-5852}}{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/11/22/emmanuel-macron-a-une-drole-de-definition-des-mots-traitre-et_a_21611710/|title=Macron a une drôle de définition des mots "traître" et "loyauté"|date=22 November 2016|website=Le Huffington Post|access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron's book Révolution was published on 24 November 2016 and reached fifth position on the French best-seller list in December 2016.{{Cite news|url=https://www.challenges.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/revolution-le-livre-programme-de-macron-se-hisse-dans-le-top-des-ventes_440991|title="Révolution", le livre-programme de Macron se hisse dans le top des ventes|work=Challenges|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}

Shortly after announcing his run, Jean-Christophe Cambadélis and Valls both asked Macron to run in the Socialist Party presidential primary, which Macron ultimately chose not to do.{{Cite news|url=http://www.europe1.fr/politique/macron-refuse-toute-participation-a-la-primaire-une-querelle-de-clan-2918090|title=Macron refuse toute participation à la primaire, une "querelle de clan"|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/primaire-a-gauche-emmanuel-macron-rejette-les-appels-de-valls-et-cambadelis-1068229.html|title=Primaire à gauche: Emmanuel Macron rejette les appels de Valls et Cambadélis|publisher=BFMTV|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} Cambadélis began to threaten to exclude Socialist party members who associated with or supported Macron following Lyon mayor Gérard Collomb's declaration of support for Macron.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/cambadelis-menace-de-sanction-les-soutiens-de-macron-02-09-2016-2065327_20.php|title=Cambadélis menace de sanction les soutiens de Macron|date=2 September 2016|work=Le Point|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}

Macron's campaign, headed by French economist Sophie Ferracci, announced in December 2016 that it had raised 3.7 million euros in donations without public funding (as En Marche ! was not a registered political party).{{cite news|title=Qui sont les trente proches d'Emmanuel Macron qui comptent au sein d'En marche ! ?|newspaper=Le Monde|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2017/05/02/qui-sont-les-trente-proches-d-emmanuel-macron-qui-comptent-au-sein-d-en-marche_5121041_4355770.html#sophie_gagnant-ferracci|date=2 May 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite web|url=http://www.20minutes.fr/politique/1978191-20161210-presidentielle-vraiment-entre-campagne-macron-montre-biceps-paris|title=Présidentielle: "On est vraiment entré dans la campagne", Macron montre les biceps à Paris|website=20 Minutes|date=10 December 2016 |language=fr|access-date=26 July 2023}} This was three times the budget of then-front-runner Alain Juppé.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2016/12/22/primaire-de-la-droite-e-que-les-comptes-racontent-de-la-campagne_5052894_4355770.html|title=Primaire de la droite : ce que les comptes racontent de la campagne|last=Vaudano|first=Maxime|date=22 December 2016|work=Le Monde|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}} Benoît Hamon requested that Macron reveal a list of his donors amidst accusations of conflicts of interest due to his work for Rothschild & Co,{{Cite news|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/181116/macron-et-ses-donateurs-et-voila-le-debat-sur-la-transparence |title=Macron et ses donateurs: et voilà le débat sur la transparence! |last=Mathieu |first=Mathilde |work=Mediapart |access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} which Macron dismissed as "demagogy", invoking donor's right to privacy.{{Cite news |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2016/11/18/97001-20161118FILWWW00075-macron-refuse-de-publier-la-liste-de-ses-donateurs.php|title=Macron refuse de publier la liste de ses donateurs|work=Le Figaro|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} Atlantico later reported that Macron had spent €120,000 setting up dinners and meetings with various personalities within the media and in French popular culture while at Bercy.{{Cite news|url=http://www.atlantico.fr/decryptage/bercy-quand-macron-depensait-120-000-euros-en-8-mois-pour-repas-en-bonne-compagnie-2947833.html|title=Bercy : Quand Macron dépensait 120 000 euros en 8 mois pour ses repas en bonne compagnie|work=Atlantico.fr|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/01/26/emmanuel-macron-assure-qu-aucun-centime-de-bercy-n-a-ete-utilise-pour-en-marche_5069362_4854003.html|title=Emmanuel Macron assure qu'" aucun centime " de Bercy n'a été utilisé pour En Marche ! !|last=Roger|first=Patrick|date=26 January 2017|work=Le Monde|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/murray-france-fillon-wounded-1.3965765|title=France's politically wounded pile up, leaving Macron and Le Pen leading presidential race|publisher=CBC News|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en}} Macron was then accused by deputies Christian Jacob and Philippe Vigier of using this money to aid En Marche !.{{cite web|url=http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/macron-sur-fillon-appelle-au-calme-et-constate-une-forte-demande-de-transparence-1094588.html|title=Affaire Fillon: Macron appelle au " calme " et constate " une forte demande de transparence "|last=BFMTV|publisher=BFMTV|language=fr-FR|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2017/02/03/emmanuel-macron-peut-il-etre-inquiete-dans-l-affaire-des-frais-de-bouche_5074081_4355770.html|title=Emmanuel Macron peut-il être inquiété dans l'affaire des " frais de bouche " ?|last=Vaudano|first=Maxime|date=3 February 2017|work=Le Monde|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}} Sapin, his successor to the post, saw nothing illegal about Macron's actions, saying that he had the right to spend the funds.{{cite web|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Emmanuel-Macron-et-les-120-000-euros-de-Bercy-842885|title=Emmanuel Macron et les 120.000 euros de Bercy|website=Le Journal du Dimanche|date=26 January 2017 |language=fr-FR|access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron said the allegations were "defamatory" and that none of the ministerial budget had been spent on his party.

Macron's campaign enjoyed considerable media coverage.{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/eddy-fougier/emmanuel-macron-presidentielle-2017-les-trois-scenarios_a_21624225/|title=Emmanuel Macron peut-il être la grande surprise de la présidentielle 2017 ?|date=10 December 2016|work=Le Huffington Post|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}{{cite web|url=http://www.lcp.fr/emissions/ca-vous-regarde/279251-emmanuel-macron-bulle-mediatique-ou-candidat-credible|title=Ça vous regarde – Emmanuel Macron : bulle médiatique ou candidat crédible ?|website=LCP Assemblée nationale|language=fr|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.franceinter.fr/emissions/l-edito-politique/l-edito-politique-12-Decembere-2016|title=Macron est-il une bulle ?|work=France Inter|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/emmanuel-macron-sera-t-il-plus-qu-une-bulle-mediatique-7786374559|title=VIDÉO – Emmanuel Macron sera-t-il plus qu'une "bulle médiatique" ?|work=RTL.fr|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/03/12/emmanuel-macron-bulle-mediatique-fantasme-gauche-recomposition_n_9439094.html|title=Emmanuel Macron, bulle médiatique et fantasme d'une gauche en recomposition|date=12 March 2016|website=Le Huffington Post|access-date=26 July 2023}} Mediapart reported that Macron had over fifty magazine covers dedicated purely to him compared to Melenchon's "handful", despite similar online followings and both displaying momentum during the campaign.{{Cite news|url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/180117/croquis-de-melenchon-macron-les-ressorts-d-un-desequilibre|title=Croquis. De Mélenchon à Macron, les ressorts d'un déséquilibre|last=Huertas|first=Hubert|work=Mediapart|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} Macron was consistently labelled by the far-left and far-right as the "media candidate" and was viewed as such in opinion polls.{{Cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/debats/2017/02/12/emmanuel-macron-candidat-des-medias-autopsie-d-un-choix-implicite_1548024|title=Emmanuel Macron, "candidat des médias" : autopsie d'un choix implicite|work=Libération|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2017/05/BENILDE/57494|title=Emmanuel Macron, le candidat des médias|date=1 May 2017|work=Le Monde diplomatique|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/sondages-oui-non/emmanuel-macron-est-il-le-candidat-des-medias-01-03-2017-2108346_1923.php|title=Emmanuel Macron est-il le candidat des médias ?|date=1 March 2017|work=Le Point|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} He was friends with the owners of Le MondeMichaela Wiegel: Seine Lehrerin, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 9 May 2017, p. 9. and Claude Perdiel (former owner of Nouvel Observateur).{{Cite news|url=http://www.lopinion.fr/edition/politique/claude-perdriel-proprietaire-challenges-c-est-macron-112306|title=Pour Claude Perdriel, propriétaire de Challenges, "c'est Macron!"|date=17 October 2016|work=L'Opinion|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} Many observers compared Macron's campaign to marketing a product.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/presidentielle/emmanuel-macron-le-produit-de-l-annee-15-02-2017-2104975_3121.php|title=Emmanuel Macron, le produit de l'année ?|last=Sgherri|first=Marie-Sandrine|date=15 February 2017|work=Le Point|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} Maurice Lévy, a former CEO, used "marketing tactics" to try to advance Macron's presidential ambitions.{{Cite news|url=https://www.challenges.fr/challenges-soir/comment-macron-a-tres-habilement-sature-l-espace-mediatique_414866|title=Comment Macron est devenu un phénomène médiatique|work=Challenges|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/de-dsk-a-maduro-l-etonnant-parcours-d-ismael-emelien-conseiller-de-macron_1844250.html|title=De DSK à Macron, l'étonnant parcours d'Ismaël Emelien|date=25 October 2016|work=L'Express|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} The magazine Marianne has reported that BFMTV, owned by Patrick Drahi, broadcast more coverage of Macron than of the other four main candidates combined,{{Cite news|url=http://www.marianne.net/bfmtv-diffuse-autant-macron-que-fillon-hamon-melenchon-pen-reunis-100250047.html|title=BFMTV diffuse autant de Macron que de Fillon, Hamon, Mélenchon et Le Pen réunis !|date=21 February 2017|work=Marianne|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr|archive-date=22 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222110924/http://www.marianne.net/bfmtv-diffuse-autant-macron-que-fillon-hamon-melenchon-pen-reunis-100250047.html|url-status=dead}} Marianne said this may be due to Macron's campaign's links with Drahi through Drahi's former colleague, Bernard Mourad.{{Cite news|url=https://www.challenges.fr/media/bernard-mourad-quitte-altice-pour-rejoindre-l-equipe-d-emmanuel-macron_431114|title=Bernard Mourad quitte Altice pour rejoindre l'équipe d'Emmanuel Macron|work=Challenges|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/presidentielle/presidentielle-polemique-apres-une-poignee-de-mains-entre-emmanuel-macron-et-ruth-elkrief_2164916.html|title=Présidentielle : polémique après une poignée de mains entre Emmanuel Macron et Ruth Elkrief|date=27 April 2017|work=Franceinfo|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}

After a range of comparisons to centrist François Bayrou, Bayrou announced he was not going to stand in the presidential election and instead form an electoral alliance with Macron launched on 22 February 2017, and lasted as En Marche ! and the Democratic Movement became allies in the National Assembly.{{Cite news|url=http://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/02/22/bayrou-propose-une-offre-d-alliance-a-macron-qui-accepte_1550292|title=Bayrou propose "une offre d'alliance" à Macron qui "accepte"|work=Libération|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/elections/emmanuel-macron-et-francois-bayrou-bientot-l-alliance-pour-la-presidentielle_1881916.html|title=Emmanuel Macron et François Bayrou, l'alliance pour la présidentielle|date=22 February 2017|work=L'Express|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} Following this, Macron's poll ratings began to rise and after several legal issues surrounding François Fillon become publicized, Macron overtook him to become the front runner after polls showed him beating National Front candidate Marine Le Pen in the second round.{{Cite news|url=https://www.challenges.fr/politique/sondage-fillon-s-effondre-et-serait-elimine-des-le-1er-tour_451663|title=Sondage: Fillon s'effondre et serait éliminé dès le 1er tour|work=Challenges|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/presidentielle-2017-sondage-macron-vainqueur-7787509486|title=Emmanuel Macron président selon un nouveau sondage|work=RTL.fr|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}

Macron attracted criticism for the time taken to spell out a formal program during his campaign; despite declaring in November that he had not released a complete set of proposals by February, attracting attacks from critics and concern among supporters.{{cite news|url=http://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/presidentielle-2017-certains-proches-de-macron-s-interrogent-sur-l-absence-de-programme-7787271290|title=Certains proches de Macron s'interrogent sur "l'absence de programme"|author1=Pauline De Saint-Rémy|date=16 February 2017|access-date=26 July 2023|publisher=RTL|author2=Loïc Farge}} He eventually laid out his 150-page formal program on 2 March, publishing it online and discussing it at a marathon press conference that day.{{cite news|url=http://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/programme-emmanuel-macron-que-promet-il-outre-mer-448951.html|title=Programme d'Emmanuel Macron : que promet-il pour les Outre-mer ?|last1=David Ponchelet|date=2 March 2017|access-date=26 July 2023|publisher=franceinfo}}

File:French Election- Celebrations at The Louvre, Paris (33707026433).jpg on 7 May 2017]]

Macron secured endorsements from Bayrou of the Democratic Movement (MoDem), MEP Daniel Cohn-Bendit, ecology candidate François de Rugy of the primary of the left, and Socialist MP Richard Ferrand, secretary-general of En Marche !, as well as numerous others – many from the Socialist Party, but also centrist and centre-right politicians.{{cite news|title=Qui sont les soutiens d'Emmanuel Macron ?|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/02/28/les-soutiens-d-emmanuel-macron_5087064_4854003.html|newspaper=Le Monde|date=28 February 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} The Grand Mosque of Paris urged French Muslims to vote en masse for Macron.{{cite news |access-date=26 July 2023 |date=24 April 2017 |work=Le Figaro|language=fr |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2017/04/24/97001-20170424FILWWW00147-la-grande-mosquee-de-paris-appelle-a-voter-massivement-macron.php |title=La grande mosquée de Paris appelle à voter "massivement" Macron }}

On 23 April 2017, Macron received the most votes in the first round of the presidential election, with 24% of the overall vote or more than 8 million votes. He progressed to the second round with Marine Le Pen. Fillon and Hamon endorsed Macron.{{Cite news|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/elections/presidentielle/video-presidentielle-suivez-en-direct-le-discours-d-emmanuel-macron-22-04-2017-6877506.php|title=Emmanuel Macron se voit en "président des patriotes face à la menace nationaliste"|date=23 April 2017|work=Le Parisien|access-date=26 July 2023}}

Hollande also endorsed Macron.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/elections/presidentielles/2017/04/24/35003-20170424ARTFIG00229-francois-hollande-pour-ma-part-je-voterai-emmanuel-macron.php|title=François Hollande : "Pour ma part, je voterai Emmanuel Macron"|last=Berdah|first=Arthur|date=24 April 2017|work=Le Figaro|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR|issn=0182-5852}} Many foreign politicians voiced support for Macron in his bid, including European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker, German Chancellor Angela Merkel,{{cite web|url=https://euobserver.com/elections/137655|title=Juncker breaks tradition with support for Macron|work=EUobserver|date=24 April 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} and former US President Barack Obama.{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/21/obama-wishes-french-presidential-hopeful-macron.html|title=Obama wishes French presidential hopeful Macron good luck ahead of key vote|work=CNBC|date=21 April 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}

A debate was arranged between Macron and Le Pen on 3 May 2017. The debate lasted for 2 hours and opinion polls scored the match for Macron.{{Cite news|url=http://www.latribune.fr/economie/presidentielle-2017/debat-macron-le-pen-la-presse-etrangere-abasourdie-par-la-violence-des-echanges-704354.html|title=Débat Macron-Le Pen : la presse étrangère abasourdie par la violence des échanges|work=La Tribune|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}

In March 2017, Macron's digital campaign manager, Mounir Mahjoubi, said that Russia is behind "high level attacks" on Macron, and said that its state media are "the first source of false information". He said: "We are accusing RT (formerly known as Russia Today) and Sputnik News (of being) the first source of false information shared about our candidate{{nbsp}}...".{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/is-russia-interfering-in-the-french-election-one-of-emmanuel-macrons-aides-claims-so-10790024|title=Is Russia interfering in the French election? One of Emmanuel Macron's aides claims so|publisher=Sky News|author=Mark Stone|date=5 March 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}

Two days before the 7 May election, it was reported that nine gigabytes of Macron's campaign emails had been anonymously posted to Pastebin, a document-sharing site. These documents were then spread onto 4chan, which led to the hashtag "#macronleaks" trending on Twitter.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/article/2017/05/06/l-equipe-d-en-marche-fait-etat-d-une-action-de-piratage-massive-et-coordonnee_5123310_4854003.html|title=En marche ! dénonce un piratage " massif et coordonné " de la campagne de Macron|date=6 May 2017|work=Le Monde|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr|issn=1950-6244}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/8599552-les-macron-leaks-itineraire-d-une-operation-de-destabilisation-politique.html|title=Les 'Macron Leaks', itinéraire d'une opération de déstabilisation politique|work=rts.ch|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} In a statement, En Marche ! said, "The En Marche ! movement has been the victim of a massive and coordinated hack this evening which has given rise to the diffusion on social media of various internal information".{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-macron-leaks-idUSKBN1812AZ|title=Macron's French presidential campaign emails leaked online|author=Eric Auchard and Bate Felix|newspaper=Reuters|location= Frankfurt/Paris |date=5 May 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron's campaign had been presented a report in March 2017 by Japanese cyber security firm Trend Micro detailing how En Marche ! had been the target of phishing attacks.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/presidentielle/la-campagne-de-macron-cible-de-tentatives-de-piratages-de-hackers-russes-25-04-2017-2122486_3121.php|title=La campagne de Macron cible de tentatives de piratage de hackers russes|date=25 April 2017|work=Le Point|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} Trend Micro accused Russian hacking group Fancy Bear of the attack. Fancy Bear was also accused of hacking the Democratic National Committee on 22 July 2016. These same emails were released in July 2017 by WikiLeaks; some were verified.{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/31/wikileaks-releases-thousands-hacked-macron-campaign-emails/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/31/wikileaks-releases-thousands-hacked-macron-campaign-emails/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=WikiLeaks releases thousands of hacked Macron campaign emails|work=The Telegraph|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB}}{{cbignore}} This was after Le Pen accused Macron of tax avoidance.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-39802776|title=French election: Macron takes action over offshore claims|date=4 May 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB}}

On 7 May 2017, Macron was elected President of France with 66.1% of the vote compared to Marine Le Pen's 33.9%. The election had record abstention at 25.4% and 8% of ballots were blank or spoilt.{{cite web|url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__presidentielle-2017/(path)/presidentielle-2017/FE.html|title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2017|last=l'Intérieur|first=Ministère de|website=interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__presidentielle-2017|language=fr-FR|access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron resigned from his role as president of En Marche !{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2017/05/08/97001-20170508FILWWW00010-macron-va-demissionner-de-la-presidence-d-en-marche.php|title=Macron va démissionner de la présidence d'En marche!|work=Le Figaro|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} and Catherine Barbaroux became interim leader.{{Cite news|url=http://www.latribune.fr/economie/france/les-577-candidats-de-la-republique-en-marche-seront-connus-jeudi-11-mai-707887.html|title=Les 577 candidats de "La République en marche" seront connus jeudi 11 mai|work=La Tribune|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}

{{Infobox government cabinet |incumbent = 2017–2022

|image =

|caption =

|government_head_title = Prime Minister

|government_head = {{unbulleted list

| Édouard Philippe (2017–2020)

| Jean Castex (2020–2022)

}}

|government_head_history = {{unbulleted list

| First Philippe government (May 2017–June 2017)

| Second Philippe government (June 2017–July 2020)

| Castex government (2020–2022)

}}

|state_head_title = President of the Republic

|state_head = Emmanuel Macron

|former_members_number= 18

|political_parties = {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|La République En Marche !}}|border=darkgray}} LREM}} {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}|border=darkgray}} MoDem}} {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|Agir (France)}}|border=darkgray}} Agir}} {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|Territories of Progress}}|border=darkgray}} TDP}} {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|Radical Movement}}|border = darkgray}} MR}}

|legislature_status = Majority {{Composition bar|346|577|{{party color|La République En Marche !}}

|background-color =

|border border-color = darkgray|width=|per=1}}

|legislature_term={{ubl|2012–2017 (no longer sitting)|2017–2022}}

|opposition_parties = {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|Conservative Party (UK)}}|border=darkgray}} LR}} {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|La France Insoumise}}|border = darkgray}} LFI}} {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}|border=darkgray}} PS}} {{Unbulleted list | {{Color box|{{party color|National Rally (France)}}|border=darkgray}} FN-RN}}

|election = {{unbulleted list

| 2017 French presidential election

| 2017 French legislative elections

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|previous =

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At 39, Macron was the youngest president in French history and the youngest French head of state since Napoleon.{{cite news |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2017/05/07/tense-france-chooses-new-president |title=Emmanuel Macron becomes France's youngest president |last1=Leicester |first1=John |last2=Corbet |first2=Sylvie |newspaper=Toronto Sun |access-date=26 July 2023 |agency=Associated Press}}{{cite web|last1=Schnur|first1=Dan |title=Anger underlying French elections is roiling California too|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Anger-underlying-French-elections-is-roiling-11108051.php|website=San Francisco Chronicle|date=29 April 2017 |access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-macron-profile-idUSKBN1830XP|title=Macron the mould-breaker – France's youngest leader since Napoleon|date=7 May 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=26 July 2023}} He was the first president born after the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958.

Macron formally became president on 14 May.{{cite news|author=C.Sa|title=Passation de pouvoir : François Hollande passera "le flambeau" à Macron dimanche 14 mai|date=8 May 2017|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/elections/presidentielle/passation-de-pouvoir-francois-hollande-passera-le-flambeau-a-macron-dimanche-14-mai-08-05-2017-6928980.php|newspaper=Le Parisien|access-date=26 July 2023 |language=fr}}

His first official foreign visit was to meet in Berlin with Angela Merkel, the Chancellor of Germany. The two leaders emphasised the importance of France–Germany relations to the European Union.{{cite news|title=French President Macron heads to Berlin for his first official foreign visit|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/15/world/macron-merkel-meeting/|work=CNN|first=Chandrika|last=Narayan|date=15 May 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} They agreed to draw up a "common road map" for Europe, insisting that neither was against changes to the Treaties of the European Union.{{cite news|title=Emmanuel Macron and Angela Merkel pledge to draw up 'common road map' for Europe|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/15/emmanuel-macron-call-eu-reform-heads-germany-first-foreign-trip/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/15/emmanuel-macron-call-eu-reform-heads-germany-first-foreign-trip/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|website=The Telegraph|date=15 May 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cbignore}}

In the 2017 legislative election, Macron's party La République En Marche ! and its Democratic Movement allies secured a comfortable majority, winning 350 seats out of 577.{{Cite web|url=http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Legislatives/elecresult__legislatives-2017|title=Résultats des élections législatives 2017|first=Ministère de|last=l'Intérieur|website=interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Legislatives/elecresult__legislatives-2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} After The Republicans emerged as the winners of the Senate elections, government spokesman Christophe Castaner stated the elections were a "failure" for his party.{{cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/2112659/president-macrons-party-suffers-blow-french-senate-election|title=Macron's government admits French Senate elections a 'failure'|work=South China Morning Post|agency=Associated Press|date=25 September 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}

• Patrick Strzoda: chief of staff{{cite news |last1=Grammont |first1=Stéphane |date=14 May 2017 |title=Patrick Strzoda, ancien préfet de Bretagne, directeur de cabinet d'Emmanuel Macron |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bretagne/patrick-strzoda-ancien-prefet-bretagne-directeur-cabinet-emmanuel-macron-1253391.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=France 3 Bretagne}}
• Ismaël Emelien: special advisor for strategy, communication and speeches.{{cite news |last1=Penicaud |first1=Céline |date=14 May 2017 |title=Le parcours fulgurant d'Ismaël Emelien, le nouveau conseiller spécial d'Emmanuel Macron |url=http://www.bfmtv.com/politique/le-parcours-fulgurant-d-ismael-emelien-le-nouveau-conseiller-special-d-emmanuel-macron-1163638.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |publisher=BFM TV}}
• Édouard Philippe (Republican): Prime Minister (May).{{cite news |date=15 May 2017 |title=France's Macron names Republican Philippe as PM |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/39923510 |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}{{cite news |date=15 May 2017 |title=Le premier ministre Philippe prépare " un gouvernement rassembleur de compétences " |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2017/05/15/edouard-philippe-le-maire-les-republicains-du-havre-nomme-premier-ministre_5127912_823448.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |newspaper=Le Monde}}
• Jean Castex (Republican): Prime Minister (July). Castex was seen as a social conservative.{{cite news |date= 3 July 2020 |title= France's Macron picks Jean Castex as PM after Philippe resigns |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-53276582 |work= BBC News |access-date= 26 July 2023}} The appointment was described as a "doubling down on a course that is widely seen as centre-right in economic terms".{{cite news |last= Momtaz |first= Rym |date= 3 July 2020 |title= Picking low-profile French PM, Macron bets big on himself |url= https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-appoints-jean-castex-as-french-prime-minister/ |work= Politico |access-date= 26 July 2023}}

In his first few months as president, Macron pressed for the enactment of reforms on ethics, labour laws, taxes, and law enforcement.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

In 2017, Paris was selected for the 2024 Summer Olympics, after a bidding process that had started in 2015.

In 2018, the government announced the cancellation of the Aéroport du Grand Ouest project.{{Cite web |date=2018-01-17 |title=Décision du Gouvernement sur l'avenir du projet aéroportuaire du Grand Ouest. |url=https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2018/01/17/decision-du-gouvernement-sur-lavenir-du-projet-aeroportuaire-du-grand-ouest |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=elysee.fr |language=fr}}

In response to Penelopegate, the National Assembly passed part of Macron's proposed law to stop corruption in French politics in July 2017, banning elected representatives from hiring family members.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-politics-reform-ethics-idUSKBN1AC1JI|title=France bans hiring of spouses by politicians in wake of Fillon scandal|date=27 July 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=26 July 2023}} The second part of the law scrapping a constituency fund was scheduled for voting after Senate objections.{{cite web|url=http://aa.com.tr/en/europe/french-vote-brings-macrons-anti-sleaze-law-closer/875857|title=French vote brings Macron's anti-sleaze law closer|publisher=Anadolu Agency|access-date=26 July 2023}}

Macron's plan to give his wife an official role within government came under fire with criticisms ranging that it was undemocratic to the ostensible contradiction to his fight against nepotism.{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/07/europe/macron-polls-brigitte/index.html|title=Emmanuel Macron under fire over wife's 'First Lady' role|last=Masters|first=James|work=CNN|access-date=26 July 2023}} Following an online petition of nearly 290,000 signatures, he abandoned the plan.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-40867031|title=France: Macron to abandon plans for official first lady|date=8 August 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB}} On 9 August, the National Assembly adopted the bill on public ethics, a key theme of Macron's campaign, after debates on scrapping constituency funds.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-politics-idUSKBN1AP290|title=France's parliament approves bill to clean up politics|work=Reuters|date=9 August 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}

Macron aimed to shift union-management relations away from the adversarial lines of the current French system and toward a more flexible, consensus-driven system modelled after Germany and Scandinavia.{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-dives-head-first-into-labor-reform-french-president-france-economy-unions/|title=Emmanuel Macron plunges head-first into labor reform: France's new president is counting on divisions in the labor movement and fast-track legislation|work=Politico|date=17 May 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/20/business/macron-france-labor-union-laurent-berger.html|title=In French Labor Overhaul, Union Leader Offers a Way to a Compromise|work=The New York Times|date=20 June 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}

He pledged to act against companies employing cheaper Eastern European labour and affecting French workers, what he termed "social dumping". Under the Posted Workers Directive 1996, eastern European workers can be employed for a limited time at the salary level of Eastern European countries, which led to disputes between EU states.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-easteurope-macron/frances-macron-on-eastern-europe-trip-to-raise-issue-of-cheap-labor-idUSKBN1AN1G9|title=France's Macron, on Eastern Europe trip, to raise issue of cheap labor|date=7 August 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=26 July 2023}}

The government announced the proposed changes to France's labour rules ("Code du Travail"), among the first steps taken by Macron to galvanize the French economy.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/31/world/europe/macron-france-labor-law.html|title=France Unveils Contentious Labor Overhaul in Big Test for Macron|newspaper=The New York Times|date=31 August 2017 |last1=Rubin |first1=Alissa J.|access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron's reform efforts encountered resistance from some French trade unions.{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/15ee6080-3ade-11e7-821a-6027b8a20f23|title=Macron's reform agenda faces resistance|work=Financial Times|date=25 May 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} The largest, CFDT, took a conciliatory approach and engaged in negotiations with the president, while the more militant CGT was more hostile to reforms. Labour minister Muriel Pénicaud oversaw the effort.{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2017-05-23/macron-tries-to-sell-plan-to-reform-frances-labor-market|title=Macron Tries to Sell Plan to Reform France's Labor Market|agency=Associated Press|date=23 May 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}

The National Assembly including the Senate approved the proposal, allowing the government to loosen labour laws after negotiations with unions and employers' groups.{{cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20170803-french-parliament-approves-macrons-labour-reforms|title=French parliament approves Macron's labour reforms – France 24|date=3 August 2017|publisher=France 24|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-US}} The reforms, as discussed with the unions, limited payouts for dismissals deemed unfair and gave companies greater freedom to hire/fire and to define working conditions. The president signed five decrees on 22 September.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-reform-labour/macron-signs-french-labor-reform-decrees-idUSKCN1BX1K7|title=Macron signs French labor reform decrees|work=Reuters|date=22 September 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} Government figures released in October 2017 revealed that during the legislative push, the unemployment rate had dropped 1.8%, the biggest since 2001.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20171025/france-sees-record-drop-in-unemployment-figures|title=France sees big drop in unemployment rate in boost for Macron|date=25 October 2017|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en}}

On 16 March 2023 France enacted a law raising the retirement age from 62 to 64,{{Cite web |title=Ohne Abstimmung: Macron drückt Rentenreform durchs Parlament |url=https://www.zdf.de/uri/85413510-19ea-4b88-b922-29d9624f5542 |access-date=26 July 2023|website=www.zdf.de |date=16 March 2023 |language=de}} leading to protests.{{Cite news |last=Chrisafis |first=Angelique |date=2023-01-19 |title=More than 1m march in France amid strikes over plan to raise retirement age |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/19/france-hit-by-nationwide-strikes-over-macron-pension-plans |access-date=26 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}

Speaking on refugees and, specifically, the Calais Jungle, Macron said on 6 January 2018 that he would not allow another refugee camp to form in Paris and outlined government policy towards immigration and asylum.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/16/macron-visits-calais-before-migrant-crisis-meeting-with-may|title=France will not allow another refugee camp in Calais, says Macron|last=Willsher|first=Kim|date=16 January 2018|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=26 July 2023}} He announced plans to speed up asylum applications and deportations, but give refugees better housing.{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/479f84aa-faa6-11e7-9b32-d7d59aace167|title=Macron tries to answer critics by striking a balance on migration|website=Financial Times|date=16 January 2018|language=en-GB|access-date=26 July 2023|last1=Chassany|first1=Anne-Sylvaine}}

On 23 June 2018, Macron said: "The reality is that Europe is not experiencing a migration crisis of the same magnitude as the one it experienced in 2015....a country like Italy has not at all the same migratory pressure as last year. The crisis we are experiencing today in Europe is a political crisis".{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-france-spain/france-favors-financial-sanctions-for-eu-states-refusing-asylum-migrants-idUSKBN1JJ0MQ|title=Italy says 'arrogant' France could become main enemy on migration|work=Reuters|date=23 June 2018|access-date=26 July 2023}} In November 2019, Macron introduced immigration rules to restrict the number of refugees reaching France.{{cite web|url=https://luxtimes.lu/european-union/38961-france-to-take-back-control-of-immigration-policy|title=France to 'take back control' of immigration policy|website=Luxembourg Times|date=6 November 2019|access-date=26 July 2023|archive-date=7 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107135829/https://luxtimes.lu/european-union/38961-france-to-take-back-control-of-immigration-policy|url-status=dead}}

In 2022, the number of foreigners coming to France rose above 320,000 for the first time, with a near majority from Africa. A significant increase in students, family reunification and labor migration occurred.{{Cite news |date=2023-01-27 |title=Immigration rose in France in 2022, driven by labor needs and foreign students |language=en |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/01/27/immigration-rose-in-france-in-2022-driven-by-labor-needs-and-foreign-students_6013360_7.html |archive-date=2023-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713024531/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/01/27/immigration-rose-in-france-in-2022-driven-by-labor-needs-and-foreign-students_6013360_7.html |url-status=live }}

Pierre de Villiers, then-Chief of the General Staff of the Armies, stepped down on 19 July 2017 following a confrontation with Macron.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/19/head-of-french-military-quits-after-row-with-emmanuel-macron|title=Head of French military quits after row with Emmanuel Macron|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=19 July 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} De Villiers cited the military budget cut of €850 million as the main reason he was stepping down. Le Monde later reported that De Villiers told a parliamentary group, "I will not let myself be fucked like this."{{Cite news|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/french-army-chief-resigns-over-macron-spat/|title=French army chief resigns over Macron spat|date=19 July 2017|work=Politico|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-US}} Macron named François Lecointre as De Villiers' replacement.{{Cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20170719-france-macron-replaces-military-chief|title=Macron names François Lecointre new armed forces chief|date=19 July 2017|publisher=France 24|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-US}}

Macron's government presented its first budget on 27 September, the terms of which reduced taxes and spending to bring the government deficit in line with EU fiscal rules.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-budget/french-government-sees-eu-credibility-in-reach-with-2018-budget-idUSKCN1C21DC|title=French government sees EU credibility in reach with 2018 budget|work=Reutersdate=27 September 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} The budget replaced the wealth tax with one targeting real estate, fulfilling Macron's campaign pledge.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-tax/macron-fights-president-of-the-rich-tag-after-ending-wealth-tax-idUSKCN1C82CZ|title=Macron fights 'president of the rich' tag after ending wealth tax|work=Reuters|date=3 October 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} Before it was replaced, the tax collected up to 1.5% of the wealth of French residents whose global worth exceeded €1.3m.{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tax/income-tax/british-expats-among-benefiting-macron-slashes-french-wealth/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tax/income-tax/british-expats-among-benefiting-macron-slashes-french-wealth/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=British expats among those benefiting as Macron slashes French wealth tax|last1=Dyson|first1=Richard|date=27 October 2017|work=The Telegraph|access-date=26 July 2023|last2=Meadows|first2=Sam|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}

In February 2017, Macron announced a plan to offer voluntary redundancy in an attempt to shrink the French civil service.{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/02/emmanuel-macron-takes-france-surprise-unveiling-voluntary-redundancy/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/02/emmanuel-macron-takes-france-surprise-unveiling-voluntary-redundancy/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Emmanuel Macron takes France by surprise by unveiling 'voluntary redundancy' plan for bloated state sector|last=Samuel|first=Henry|date=2 February 2018|work=The Telegraph|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}} In December 2019, Macron announced that he would scrap the 20th-century pension system and introduce a single, state-managed national pension system.{{cite web|url=https://truenewssource.com/2019/12/08/france-resistance-to-change-grows-as-macron-vows-new-pension-plan/|title=France's Resistance to Change Grows as Macron Vows New Pension Plan|access-date=26 July 2023|publisher=TrueNewsSource|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209061556/https://truenewssource.com/2019/12/08/france-resistance-to-change-grows-as-macron-vows-new-pension-plan/|archive-date=9 December 2019}} In January 2020, after weeks of protest against the pension plan, including transport shutdown and vandalism across Paris, Macron compromised by revising the retirement age.{{cite web|url=https://truenewssource.com/2020/01/14/will-macrons-compromise-on-pension-plan-mellow-protests-in-france/|title=Will Macron's Compromise on Pension Plan Mellow Protests in France?|access-date=26 July 2023|website=True News Source|archive-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115135239/https://truenewssource.com/2020/01/14/will-macrons-compromise-on-pension-plan-mellow-protests-in-france/|url-status=dead}} In February, the pension overhaul was adopted by decree using Article 49 of the French constitution.{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e83c5d6e-5b31-11ea-b0ab-339c2307bcd4|title=French government adopts pension reform by decree|newspaper=Financial Times|date=29 February 2020|access-date=26 July 2023|last1=Keohane|first1=David}}

The National Assembly on 3 October passed a controversial bill with stricter anti-terror laws, a Macron campaign pledge. Interior Minister Gérard Collomb described France as "still in a state of war" ahead of the vote, following the 1 October Marseille stabbing two days prior. The Senate then passed it on 18 October. Later that day Macron stated that 13 terror plots had been foiled since 2017 began. The law replaced the state of emergency in France and made some of its provisions permanent.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20171019/macron-urges-police-to-use-new-emergency-powers|title=Macron urges French police to make full use of draconian anti-terror powers|date=19 October 2017|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en}} A public poll by Le Figaro showed 57% of respondents approved it even though 62% thought it would encroach on personal freedoms.{{cite news|title=France to enshrine some state of emergency measures into law|url=http://www.dw.com/en/france-to-enshrine-some-state-of-emergency-measures-into-law/a-40793557|publisher=Deutsche-Welle|date=4 October 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}}

The law gives authorities expanded power to search homes, restrict movement, close places of worship,{{cite news |title=French parliament passes controversial anti-terror law |url=http://aa.com.tr/en/europe/french-parliament-passes-controversial-anti-terror-law/941432 |publisher=Anadolu Agency |access-date=26 July 2023}} and search areas around train stations as well as international ports and airports. It passed after modifications to address civil liberty concerns. The most punitive measures will be reviewed annually and were scheduled to lapse by the end of 2020.{{cite news|title=French parliament adopts controversial anti-terror bill|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20171018-french-parliament-tough-anti-terror-bill-controversial-macron|publisher=France 24|access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron announced that starting 1 November, the state of emergency would end.{{cite news|title=French parliament adopts controversial anti-terror bill|url=http://www.dw.com/en/french-president-emmanuel-macron-signs-controversial-anti-terror-law/a-41178081|publisher=Deutsche-Welle|access-date=26 July 2023}}

Visiting Corsica in February 2018, Macron sparked controversy when he rejected Corsican nationalist wishes for Corsican as an official language{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-42982154|title=Macron rejects Corsican language demand|date=7 February 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB}} but offered to recognize Corsica in the French constitution.{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-corsica-macron/macron-backs-corsica-mention-in-french-constitution-rejects-other-demands-idUKKBN1FR2FJ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207214902/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-corsica-macron/macron-backs-corsica-mention-in-french-constitution-rejects-other-demands-idUKKBN1FR2FJ|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 February 2018|title=Macron backs Corsica mention in French constitution, rejects other dem|work=Reuters U.K.|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB}}

Macron proposed a plan to "reorganise" the Islamic religion in France saying: "We are working on the structuring of Islam in France and also on how to explain it, which is extremely important – my goal is to rediscover what lies at the heart of laïcité, the possibility of being able to believe as not to believe, in order to preserve national cohesion and the possibility of having free consciousness."{{Cite news|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-islam-to-propose-reorganization-france/|title=Emmanuel Macron to propose reorganization of Islam in France|date=11 February 2018|work=Politico|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-US}}

File:Vladimir Putin and Emmanuel Macron (2018-05-24) 07.jpg in Saint Petersburg, 24 May 2018]]

File:President Donald J. Trump at the United Nations General Assembly (44189487674).jpg in September 2018]]

File:Emmanuel Macron and Angela Merkel, 9 dec.jpg in Paris in December 2019]]

File:Biden and Macron waving, 2021 (51761609623).jpg at the G20 summit in October 2021]]

File:Macron Draghi Quirinale 2021.jpg in 2021, following the signing of the Quirinal Treaty]]

File:Зустріч Президента України з президентами Франції та Румунії, а також головами урядів Німеччини та Італії 69.jpg and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz in Kyiv in 2022]]

Macron attended the 25 May 2017 Brussels summit, his first NATO summit as president. At the summit, he met US President Donald Trump for the first time. The meeting was widely publicized after their handshake was characterized as a "power-struggle".{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/25/knuckles-turned-white-donald-trump-emmanuel-macrons-awkward/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/25/knuckles-turned-white-donald-trump-emmanuel-macrons-awkward/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title='Their knuckles turned white': Donald Trump and Emmanuel Macron's awkward handshake|work=The Telegraph|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cbignore}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/macron-wins-battle-of-the-alphas-in-handshake-with-donald-trump-a3548836.html|title=Macron 'wins battle of the alphas' in handshake with Donald Trump|date=25 May 2017|work=London Evening Standard|access-date=26 July 2023}}

On 29 May 2017, Macron met with Russian President Vladimir Putin at the Palace of Versailles. The meeting sparked controversy when Macron denounced Russia Today and Sputnik, saying they were "organs of influence and propaganda, of lying propaganda".{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/29/macron-putin-share-perfunctory-handshake-embarking-diplomatic/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/29/macron-putin-share-perfunctory-handshake-embarking-diplomatic/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Macron slams Russian media 'lies' during muscular exchange with Putin at Versailles|work=The Telegraph|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cbignore}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-40088898/macron-denounces-russian-media-on-putin-visit|title=Macron denounces Russian media on Putin visit|work=BBC News|access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron also urged cooperation in the conflict against ISIS and warned that France would respond with force in Syria if chemical weapons were used.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/29/macron-warns-putin-over-syria-in-frank-first-meeting-versailles|title=Macron warns over Syrian chemical weapons in frank meeting with Putin|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=29 May 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=26 July 2023|issn=0261-3077}} In response to the chemical attack in Douma, Syria in 2018, Macron directed French participation in airstrikes against Syrian government sites, coordinated with the US and UK.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/europe/theresa-mays-statement-on-the-syria-strike.html|title=Statements by Theresa May and Emmanuel Macron on the Syria Strike|work=The New York Times|date=13 April 2018|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/trump-strikes-syria-attack.html|title=U.S., Britain and France Strike Syria Over Suspected Chemical Weapons Attack|work=The New York Times|date=13 April 2018|access-date=26 July 2023}}

In his first major foreign policy speech on 29 August, Macron stated that fighting Islamist terrorism at home and abroad was France's top priority. He urged pressure on North Korea for negotiations, on the same day it fired a missile over Japan. He affirmed his support for the Iranian nuclear deal. He criticized Venezuela's government as a dictatorship. He added that he would announce initiatives on the future of the EU after the German elections in September.{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.com/en/emmanuel-macron-fighting-islamist-terror-is-frances-top-priority/a-40281443|title=Emmanuel Macron: Fighting Islamist terror is France's top priority|publisher=Deutsche-Welle|date=29 August 2017|access-date=26 July 2023}} At the 56th Munich Security Conference in February, Macron presented his 10-year vision to strengthen the EU. Macron recommended a larger budget, integrated capital markets, effective defence policy, and quick decision-making. He said that reliance on NATO, especially the US and the UK, was not good for Europe, and that a dialogue be established with Russia.{{cite web|url=https://blackchristiannews.com/2020/02/frances-macron-urges-better-long-term-relations-with-russia/|title=France's Macron urges better long-term relations with Russia|access-date=26 July 2023|website=BCNN1|date=15 February 2020|archive-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520155536/https://blackchristiannews.com/2020/02/frances-macron-urges-better-long-term-relations-with-russia/|url-status=dead}}

Prior to the 45th G7 summit in Biarritz, France, Macron hosted Putin at the Fort de Brégançon, stating that "Russia fully belongs within a Europe of values."{{Cite news|date=16 October 2019|title=The Macron method|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-behind-the-scenes-foreign-policy-method/|access-date=26 July 2023|work=Politico}} At the summit itself, Macron was invited to attend by Zarif. Macron, who "attempted a high-risk diplomatic gambit", thought that the Foreign Minister might be able to defuse the tense situation over the Iranian nuclear programme in spite of the recent uptick in tensions between Iran and the US and UK.{{Cite news|last1=Oliphant|first1=Roland|last2=Chazan|first2=David|date=25 August 2019|title=Iranian foreign minister Javad Zarif arrives in Biarritz in surprise visit to G7 leaders summit|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/25/iranian-foreign-minister-javad-zarif-arrives-biarritz-surprise/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/08/25/iranian-foreign-minister-javad-zarif-arrives-biarritz-surprise/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=26 July 2023|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}

In March 2019, during a trade war, Macron and Chinese President Xi Jinping signed 15 large-scale, multi-year trade and business agreements totaling 40 billion euros (US$45 billion) encompassing many sectors.{{Cite news |date=2019-03-25 |title=France seals multi-billion dollar deals with China, but questions Belt and Road project |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-china-idUSKCN1R61NF |access-date=26 July 2023}} This included a €30 billion purchase of airplanes from Airbus. The trade agreement covered French exports of chicken, a French-built offshore wind farm in China, a Franco-Chinese cooperation fund, as well as billions of Euros of co-financing between BNP Paribas and Bank of China. Other plans included billions of euros to be spent on modernizing Chinese factories, as well as shipbuilding.{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-steals-trumps-thunder-with-chinese-airbus-order/|title=Macron steals Trump's thunder with Chinese Airbus order: France lands €30B aviation deal with Beijing|work=POLITICO|date= 25 March 2019|access-date=26 July 2023}}

In July 2020, Macron called for sanctions against Turkey for violating Greece's and Cyprus' sovereignty, saying it is "not acceptable that the maritime space of (EU) member states be violated and threatened".{{cite news |title=Macron seeks EU sanctions over Turkish 'violations' in Greek waters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-cyprus/macron-seeks-eu-sanctions-over-turkish-violations-in-greek-waters-idUSKCN24O12E |work=Reuters |date=23 July 2020|access-date=26 July 2023}} He criticized Turkish military intervention in Libya.{{cite news |title=France's Macron slams Turkey's 'criminal' role in Libya |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/france-macron-slams-turkey-criminal-role-libya-200630090915443.html |publisher=Al Jazeera |date=30 June 2020|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite news |title=Turkey warns Egypt over Libya and lashes out at Macron's role |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/07/23/world/turkey-warns-egypt-libya-lashes-emmanuel-macrons-role/ |work=The Japan Times|date=20 July 2020|access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron said that "We have the right to expect more from Turkey than from Russia, given that it is a member of NATO."{{cite news |title=France-Turkey spat over Libya arms exposes NATO's limits |url=https://apnews.com/045a9b8eb0f7eb5adc33d1303fafa95d |work=Associated Press |date=5 July 2020|access-date=26 July 2023}}

In 2021, Macron was reported as saying Northern Ireland was not truly part of the United Kingdom following disputes with UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson over the Northern Ireland protocol.{{cite news |last1=Riley-Smith |first1=Ben |title=Boris Johnson infuriated after Emmanuel Macron suggested Northern Ireland was not part of UK |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2021/06/12/boris-johnson-infuriated-emmanuel-macron-suggested-northern/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2021/06/12/boris-johnson-infuriated-emmanuel-macron-suggested-northern/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=The Telegraph |date=12 June 2021}}{{cbignore}} He later denied this, saying he was referring to the fact that Great Britain is separated from Northern Ireland by sea in reference to the Irish Sea border.{{cite news |title=G7 summit: Northern Ireland part of one great indivisible UK, says PM |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-57460077 |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=BBC News |date=13 June 2021}}{{cite news |last1=Woodcock |first1=Andrew |title=Brexit row deepens as Elysee Palace rejects claims of Macron confusion over Northern Ireland |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/g7-brexit-emmanuel-macron-sausage-b1864963.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=Independent |date=15 June 2021}}

French-US relations became tense in September 2021 due to fallout from the AUKUS security pact. The security pact was directed at countering Chinese power in the Indo-Pacific region. As part of the agreement, the US agreed to provide nuclear-powered submarines to Australia. After entering into AUKUS, the Australian government canceled an agreement that it had made with France for the provision of French conventionally powered submarines, angering France.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/19/explainer-why-is-a-submarine-deal-sparking-a-diplomatic-crisis|title=Explainer: Why is a submarine deal sparking a diplomatic crisis?|website=www.aljazeera.com|date=19 September 2021|access-date=26 July 2023}} On 17 September, France recalled its ambassadors from Australia and the US for consultations.{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/france-recalls-its-ambassadors-to-australia-and-united-states-amid-submarine-fury-20210918-p58srt.html |title=France recalls its ambassadors to Australia and United States amid submarine fury |author=Shields, Bevan |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=18 September 2021 |access-date=26 July 2023 |archive-date=17 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917203917/https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/france-recalls-its-ambassadors-to-australia-and-united-states-amid-submarine-fury-20210918-p58srt.html |url-status=live }} Despite past tension, France had never before withdrawn its US ambassador.{{cite news |last1=Wadhams |first1=Nick |last2=Adghirni |first2=Samy |last3=Nussbaum |first3=Ania |title=France Recalls Its Ambassador to U.S. for First Time Over Subs |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-17/france-recalls-u-s-australian-ambassadors-over-submarine-row?srnd=premium&sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=26 July 2023 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=17 September 2021 |language=en }} After a call between Macron and President Joe Biden on request from the latter, the two leaders agreed to reduce bilateral tensions, and the White House acknowledged the crisis could have been averted by open consultations.{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210922-macron-biden-agree-to-soothe-tensions-after-submarine-row|title=Macron, Biden agree to soothe tensions after submarine row|date=22 September 2021|website=France 24|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/read-joe-biden-emmanuel-macrons-rare-joint-statement-recent-rift-1631658|website=newsweek.com|title=Read Joe Biden and Emmanuel Macron's Rare Joint Statement on Recent Rift|date=21 September 2021|first=Katherine|last=Fung|access-date=26 July 2023}}

On 26 November 2021, Macron cosigned the "Quirinal Treaty" with Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi.{{cite news |title=Trattato tra Italia e Francia: Draghi e Macron siglano l'intesa |url=https://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Macron-a-Roma-oggi-al-quirinale-la-firma-del-Trattato-bilaterale-f2bc83da-84d4-4026-b7a7-930e69a9dc54.html|date=26 November 2021 |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=rainews |language=italian}} The treaty aimed to promote the convergence and coordination of French and Italian positions in matters of European and foreign policies, security and defence, migration policy, economy, education, research, culture and cross-border cooperation.{{cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/11/26/quirinale-treaty-can-a-new-french-italian-pact-shift-the-balance-of-power-in-europe|title=Quirinale treaty: Will a new French-Italian pact shift the balance of power in Europe?|work=EuroNews|date=26 November 2021|access-date=26 July 2023}}

During the prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Macron spoke face-to-face to Putin.{{Cite web |last=McGee |first=Luke |date=April 8, 2022 |title=Emmanuel Macron has a grand vision for the West. Putin has exposed the limits of his influence |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/08/europe/macron-putin-french-election-analysis-intl-cmd/index.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=CNN}} Two months after the Russian invasion began, Macron called on European leaders to maintain dialogue with Putin.{{Cite web |last=Gijs |first=Camille |date=April 22, 2022 |title=Macron: Keep talking to Putin to avoid 'new world war' |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-caution-war-if-dialogue-vlamimir-putin-russia/ |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=Politico Europe}}

{{Main|2022 French presidential election}}

Macron formally announced his candidacy on 3 March 2022, after delaying his announcement mostly due to the outbreak of the Russian invasion.

After a short campaign, begun only 38 days before the country was due to go to the polls on 10 April 2022, Macron topped the first round of the French presidential election with 27.8% of the votes, well ahead of Le Pen who finished 2nd with 23.2% of the votes.

In the second round, on 24 April, Emmanuel Macron was reelected with 58.55% of the votes, a smaller margin than in his first term. He was the first president to be re-elected since 2002.{{Cite news |date=2022-04-24 |title=Macron wins French presidential election |work=Le Monde |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2022/04/24/macron-wins-french-presidential-election_5981506_5.html |access-date=26 July 2023}}{{Cite web |title=Victorious Macron vows to unite France after fending off Le Pen threat |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/24/emmanuel-macron-wins-french-presidential-election-say-projected-results |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=The Guardian |date=25 April 2022 }} His second term officially began on 14 May 2022.

{{Infobox government cabinet

| incumbent = 2022–present

| government_head_title = Prime Minister

| government_head = {{unbulleted list

| Jean Castex (outgoing)

| Élisabeth Borne (2022–2024)

| Gabriel Attal (2024)

| Michel Barnier (2024–present)

}}

| government_head_history = {{unbulleted list

| Castex government (outgoing)

| Borne government (2022–2024)

| Attal government (2024)

| Barnier government (2024–present)

}}

| political_parties = {{Unbulleted list

| {{Color box|{{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}}} RE

| {{Color box|{{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}}} MoDem

| {{Color box|{{party color|Horizons (political party)}}}} HOR

}}

| legislature_status = {{Unbulleted list

| Majority (May–June 2022)

| Minority (June 2022–present)

| {{Composition bar|346|577|{{party color|La République En Marche !}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}} (May–June 2022)

| {{Composition bar|249|577|{{party color|La République En Marche !}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}} (June 2022–June 2024)

}}

| legislature_term = {{Unbulleted list

| 2017–2022 (no longer sitting)

| 2022–2024

}}

| opposition_parties = {{Unbulleted list

| {{Color box|{{party color|National Rally}}}} RN

| {{Color box|{{party color|Nouvelle Union Populaire écologiste et sociale}}}} NUPES

| {{Color box|{{party color|The Republicans (France)}}}} LR

}}

|election = {{unbulleted list

| 2022 French presidential election

| 2022 French legislative election

| 2024 French legislative election

}}

|previous =

|successor =

}}

{{See also|2022 French legislative elections|July 2022 French government reshuffle|2023 French pension reform strikes|Motions of no confidence in the government of Élisabeth Borne (2023)|2023 French government reshuffle}}

File:National Assembly 2022.svg

On 16 May 2022, Castex resigned after 22 months. The same day, Macron appointed Élisabeth Borne to replace him. She was serving as Minister of Labour and Employment. She became the second female PM in French history after Édith Cresson between 1991 and 1992. She formed a new government on 20 May 2022.

Macron's second term began with two political controversies: within hours of the new Cabinet's announcement, rape accusations against the newly appointed Minister for Solidarity Damien Abad were made public{{cite news |first=Sacha |last=Nelken |url=https://www.liberation.fr/politique/damien-abad-de-la-prise-de-guerre-au-boulet-gouvernemental-en-un-mois-20220704_V4HJAY4YLFCBJFPSAILT6FJRLY/ |title=Damien Abad, de la prise de guerre au boulet gouvernemental en un mois |work=Libération |date=4 July 2022 |access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr }} and, on 28 May, handling of the 2022 UEFA Champions League final chaos drew criticism.{{cite news |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/incidents-lors-de-la-finale-de-la-ligue-des-champions-2022/incidents-au-stade-de-france-comment-la-finale-de-la-ligue-des-champions-s-est-transformee-en-crise-politique-et-diplomatique_5169994.html |title=Incidents au Stade de France: comment la finale de la Ligue des champions s'est transformée en crise politique (et diplomatique) |work=FranceInfo |date=31 May 2022|access-date=26 July 2023 |language=fr }}

In June 2022, Macron and his government fought the 2022 legislative election during an unusually long campaign dominated by the formation of the left-wing NUPES coalition seeking cohabitation and political controversies affecting his new cabinet. On 12 June, the first round left Macron's centrist alliance almost tied with Mélenchon's NUPES in the popular vote (25.8% v. 25.7%), both ahead of Le Pen's RN, which finished third with 18.7%.{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220613-takeaways-from-the-first-round-of-france-s-parliamentary-elections |title=Takeaways from the first round of France's parliamentary elections |work=France 24 |date=13 June 2022}}

With most opinion polls showing his coalition's lead shrinking and the increasing possibility of a hung parliament, on 14 June, 5 days before the second round and moments before departing Paris to visit Eastern Europe, Macron delivered an unexpected speech on the tarmac in which he called for a "solid majority" in the "higher national interest" and warned against the risk of "adding French disorder to global disorder".{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220614-macron-appeals-for-solid-majority-ahead-of-legislative-election-run-offs |title=Macron appeals for 'solid majority' ahead of legislative election run-offs |work=France 24 |date=14 June 2022}} The speech, which intended to stress the importance of having a majority government in "troubled times", was criticized by opposition leaders and was widely regarded as "counterproductive", even inside Macron's camp.{{cite news |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/ca-m-a-coute-mon-election-et-100-euros-comment-le-discours-tarmac-de-macron-a-plombe-ses-candidats-aux-legislatives-20230124 |title='It cost me my election and 100 euros!': how Macron's 'tarmac speech' spoiled his legislative candidates |first1=Loris |last1=Boichot |work=Le Figaro |date=24 January 2023|language=fr}}{{cite news |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/legislatives/discours-d-emmanuel-macron-sur-le-tarmac-cela-prouve-l-inquietude-du-camp-presidentiel-analyse-un-politologue_5198992.html |title=Emmanuel Macron's tarmac speech: 'it shows the presidential camp's concern' says a political scientist |work=France info |date=15 June 2022|language=fr}}

On 19 June 2022, Macron lost his parliamentary majority and was returned a hung parliament in the second round.{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/frances-macron-hunts-way-salvage-ruling-majority-2022-06-20/ |title=France risks gridlock after Macron handed hung parliament |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Pineau |first2=Tassilo |last2=Hummel |work=Reuters |date=20 June 2022 |access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron's presidential coalition, which had a 115-seat majority going into the elections, failed to reach the threshold of 289 seats needed for a majority in the National Assembly, retaining only 251 out of the 346 it had held in the previous Assembly, and leaving the Borne government 38 shy of a working majority.{{cite news |first=Julie |last=Marie-Leconte |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/legislatives/legislatives-pourquoi-emmanuel-macron-chiffre-t-il-a-une-trentaine-les-deputes-qui-lui-manquent-pour-la-majorite-absolue-et-non-a-44_5216347.html |title=Législatives: pourquoi Emmanuel Macron chiffre-t-il à 'une trentaine' les députés qui lui manquent pour la majorité absolue, et non à 44? |work=FranceInfo |date=23 June 2022 |language=fr |access-date=26 July 2023}} Crucially, three close political allies of President Macron were defeated in the elections: incumbent President of the National Assembly Richard Ferrand, Macron's own LREM parliamentary party leader Christophe Castaner, and MoDem parliamentary group leader Patrick Mignola, thus effectively "decapitating" Macron's parliamentary bloc leadership and further weakening the President's political position.{{cite news |first=Matthieu |last=Deprieck |url=https://www.lopinion.fr/politique/castaner-ferrand-mignola-la-majorite-presidentielle-decapitee |title=Castaner, Ferrand, Mignola... la majorité présidentielle décapitée |work=l'Opinion |date=19 June 2022 |language=fr |access-date=26 July 2023}}

Three government ministers lost their seats and, abiding by an unwritten rule constantly applied since Nicolas Sarkozy's presidency in 2007, then resigned: Justine Bénin (junior minister for the Sea), Brigitte Bourguignon (Minister for Health and Prevention) and Amélie de Montchalin (Minister for Ecological Transition).{{cite news |first=Julien |last=Robin |url=https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/ministres-battus-aux-legislatives-ce-qua-change-la-regle-de-devoir-demissionner-apres-une-defaite-4118683#:~:text=Publicité-,Ministres%20battus%20aux%20législatives%20%3A%20ce%20qu%27a%20changé%20la%20règle,écrit%20mais%20repris%20depuis%202007. |title=Ministres battus aux législatives : ce qu'a changé la règle de de voir démissionner après une défaite |work=Le JDD |date=20 June 2022 |access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr }}

On 4 July, after talks with opposition parties to form a stable majority government failed, Borne's government, was reshuffled and effectively continued as a minority government.{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220704-live-france-s-macron-to-reshuffle-cabinet-after-losing-parliamentary-majority |title=Macron urges minority government to 'hang in there' after cabinet reshuffle |work=France 24 |date=4 July 2022 |access-date=26 July 2023}} This minority administration was the weakest Cabinet in the history of the French Fifth Republic from a parliamentary standpoint.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}

File:Emmanuel Macron 2023 (cropped).jpg

Despite its minority legislative status, Macron's government passed bills to ease the cost-of-living crisis,{{cite news |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/business-and-tech/20220722-france-s-hung-parliament-passes-20-bn-euro-inflation-package |title=France's hung parliament passes 20-bn-euro inflation package |work=RFI |agency=AFP |date=22 July 2022 |access-date=26 July 2023}} to repeal the COVID "sanitary state of emergency"{{cite news |author=Huaxia |url=https://english.news.cn/europe/20220727/4fc5483771a24e449a25bd48db326c7c/c.html |title=French Parliament votes bill ending state of health emergency on Aug. 1 |agency=Xinhua |work=News.cn |date=27 July 2022 |access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite news |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20220727-french-parliament-votes-to-end-covid-emergency-measures-border-control-still-possible |title=French parliament votes to end Covid emergency measures, border control still possible |work=RFI |date=27 July 2022 |access-date=26 July 2023}} and to revive the French nuclear energy sector.{{cite news |first1=Perrine |last1=Mouterde |first2=Adrien |last2=Pécout |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2023/05/17/french-government-passes-bill-to-accelerate-the-construction-of-new-nuclear-reactors_6026936_19.html |title=French Parliament passes law to accelerate construction of new nuclear reactors |newspaper=Le Monde |date=17 May 2022 |access-date=26 July 2023}} In November 2022, the Macron government reformed French unemployment insurance.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-17 |title=Réforme de l'assurance-chômage : voici ce que contient le texte qui vient d'être adopté définitivement par le Parlement |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/chomage/reforme-de-l-assurance-chomage-ce-que-contient-le-texte-adopte-par-le-parlement_5482383.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR}}

However, the government was defeated several times in Parliament{{cite web |url=https://blog.juspoliticum.com/2022/11/16/le-nouveau-visage-de-larticle-49-3-par-denis-baranger/|title=Le nouveau visage de l'article 49-3 |last=Baranger |first=Denis |date= 16 November 2022|website=blog.juspoliticum.com|publisher=JP Blog |access-date=29 July 2023}} – an oddity under the Fifth Republic – and at the end of 2022, the Borne Cabinet had to repeatedly commit its responsibility (using the provisions of Article 49.3 of the Constitution) to pass the 2023 Government Budget and Social Security Budget.{{cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/actualites-accueil-hub/reforme-des-retraites-plfrss-pour-2023-rejet-de-deux-motions-de-censure-et-adoption-du-texte-lecture-cmp|title=Réforme des retraites (PLFRSS pour 2023) : rejet de deux motions de censure et adoption du texte (lecture CMP)|work=French Assembly|date=20 March 2023|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}}{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/economy/20221024-french-govt-survives-no-confidence-votes-after-forcing-through-budget |title=French govt survives no-confidence votes after forcing through budget |work=France 24 |date=24 October 2022|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite news |first1=Jérémie |last1=Lamothe |first2=Mariama |last2=Darame |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2022/11/22/social-security-budget-french-pm-bypasses-assemblee-nationale-for-the-fifth-time_6005220_5.html |title=Social security budget: French PM bypasses Assemblée Nationale for the fifth time |newspaper=Le Monde |date=22 November 2022|access-date=26 July 2023}}

In February 2023, Macron's government introduced an immigration and asylum bill aimed at:{{cite news |date=2 February 2023 |title=The immigration bill unites left and right against Macron |url=https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/vu-d-espagne-le-projet-de-loi-sur-l-immigration-rassemble-la-gauche-et-la-droite-contre-macron |newspaper=Courrier international |language=fr}}

• removing deportation safeguards,
• fast-tracking the asylum application process and immigration litigation
• facilitating legalization of undocumented workers

His government later pulled the legislation in favor of talks with centre-right LR party before re-introducing the bill in the autumn.{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230426-french-pm-delays-immigration-bill-due-to-lack-of-parliamentary-majority|title=French PM delays immigration bill due to lack of parliamentary majority |newspaper=France 24 |date=26 April 2023}}

In March 2023, Macron's government passed a law raising the retirement age from 62 to 64. They partly bypassed Parliament by resorting to the provisions of Article 49.3 of the Constitution in order to break the parliamentary deadlock;{{cite news |first1=Roger |last1=Cohen |first2=Aurelien |last2=Breeden |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/03/16/world/france-pension-vote |title=France's Pension Plan: Macron Pushes French Pension Bill Through Without Full Vote |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 March 2023 |access-date=26 July 2023|orig-date=16 March 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609170434/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/03/16/world/france-pension-vote |archive-date=2023-06-09 }} nationwide protests that had begun when the change was proposed increased after the vote. On 20 March, his Cabinet survived a cross-party motion of no-confidence by nine votes, the slimmest margin since 1992.{{cite news | url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2023/03/21/a-neuf-voix-pres-la-principale-motion-de-censure-a-ete-rejetee-a-l-assemblee-nationale_6166305_823448.html | title=" A neuf voix près " : La principale motion de censure a été rejetée à l'Assemblée nationale | newspaper=Le Monde.fr | date=21 March 2023 |access-date=26 July 2023}}

On 12 June 2023, Macron's Cabinet, led by Borne, survived the 17th no-confidence motion attempted during the 16th legislature: the motion, brought by the left-wing NUPES coalition, fell 50 votes short.{{cite news |first=Célestine |last=Gentilhomme |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/retraites-la-motion-de-censure-de-la-nupes-rejetee-a-l-assemblee-20230612 |title=Retraites: la motion de censure de la Nupes rejetée à l'Assemblée |newspaper=Le Figaro |date=12 June 2023 |access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr }}

File:Violences urbaines Nahel Besançon-Planoise 29-06-2023 oufik-de-Planoise 4.jpg, France, on 29 June 2023]]

French authorities faced growing riots following the killing of Nahel M., aged 17, by a police officer during a traffic stop in the Parisian suburb of Nanterre. Racial unrest spread across the Paris region and other large cities. On 29 June, after a night of violence that resulted in over 150 arrests and property destruction, Macron chaired an inter-ministerial crisis meeting and his government ordered 40,000 police officers, including elite tactical units, to be deployed to stem the violence.{{cite news |first=Abel |last=Mestre |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2023/06/30/violences-urbaines-dans-une-circulaire-eric-dupond-moretti-demande-une-reponse-rapide-ferme-et-systematique-et-vise-notamment-les-parents_6180050_3224.html |title=Violences urbaines : dans une circulaire, Eric Dupond-Moretti demande une réponse judiciaire " rapide, ferme et systématique " et vise notamment les parents |newspaper=Le Monde |date=30 June 2023|access-date=26 July 2023 |language=fr }}{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230629-fresh-unrest-in-france-over-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen-driver |title=At least 150 arrests in protests across France over police killing of teen |newspaper=France 24 |date=29 June 2023|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/world/europe/france-riots-nahel-shooting.html |title=What's behind the unrest in France? |newspaper=The New York Times |date=29 June 2023|access-date=26 July 2023}} Widespread violence, looting, and arson continued over the following days, in some places overtaking levels of unrest last seen during the 2005 French riots. Macron's administration deployed 45,000 police officers. A ministerial order from the Justice Ministry advised courts to apply harsher sentences and sped-up procedures.{{cite news |first=Abel |last=Mestre |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2023/06/30/violences-urbaines-dans-une-circulaire-eric-dupond-moretti-demande-une-reponse-rapide-ferme-et-systematique-et-vise-notamment-les-parents_6180050_3224.html |title=Violences urbaines : dans une circulaire, Eric Dupond-Moretti demande une réponse judiciaire " rapide, ferme et systématique " et vise notamment les parents |newspaper=Le Monde |date=30 June 2023 |access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr }} This crackdown resulted in over 1,300 arrests on the fourth night of unrest alone, bringing the total number of arrests since the riots' beginning to over 2,000 as of 1 July.{{cite news |first1=Sana |last1=Noor Haq |first2=Joshua |last2=Berlinger|title=Protests are sweeping France. Here's what you need to know|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/30/europe/nanterre-france-police-protests-explainer-intl/index.html |newspaper=CNN |date=1 July 2023|access-date=26 July 2023 }}

On 20 July, Macron reshuffled government at the end of the "hundred days of appeasement and action" he called for in April following violent protests over his pension system reform. Absent legislative progress on his domestic priorities and the continued lack of a working majority in Parliament, media reports emerged of a potential change of Prime Minister. On 17 July, Macron asked Borne to remain in office and invited her to make proposals for a "technical" reshuffle. Three days later, eight new ministers were appointed, three senior Cabinet ministers (Education, Health and Solidarity), and five junior ministers. National Education and Youth Minister Pap Ndiaye and State Secretary to the PM Marlène Schiappa came under public and parliamentary scrutiny in recent months, were sacked.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-names-new-education-health-ministers-minor-cabinet-reshuffle-2023-07-20/|title=Macron reshuffles ministers after French riots "stunned" country|work=Reuters|date=20 July 2023|access-date=26 July 2023}}

In August, Macron said that France "must significantly reduce immigration, starting with illegal immigration" because the "current situation is not sustainable".{{cite news|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron-veut-reduire-significativement-limmigration-23-08-2023-LUXMT7SIK5E2JGHO74MZ55DM6Y.php|title=Emmanuel Macron wants to " significantly reduce immigration " |newspaper=Le Parisien |date=23 August 2023 |language=fr }}

On 11 December, Macron's "flagship" immigration bill was unexpectedly defeated.{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20231211-french-parliament-rejects-macron-s-immigration-bill-in-surprise-vote|title=French parliament rejects Macron's immigration bill in surprise vote |newspaper=France 24 |date=11 December 2023|language=en}} Political commentators and news media described the vote as a "spectacular debacle", eventually sparking a major political crisis.{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-gerald-darmanin-immigration-bill-defeat/|title='End of reign': Macron faces ungovernable France after shock immigration loss |newspaper=Politico |date=12 December 2023|language=en}}

In an effort to salvage the bill, Macron's government sent the legislation to a special parliamentary committee. This resulted in a deal with the conservative-controlled Senate on a hardened bill. On 19 December, the French Parliament passed the legislation thanks to support from the conservative LR and far-right RN parliamentary groups and in spite of a major rebellion from Macron's own coalition.{{cite news|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-projet-de-loi-immigration-est-adopte-a-l-assemblee-grace-aux-voix-de-lr-et-du-rn-20231219|title=The immigration bill is passed by the National Assembly |newspaper=Le Figaro |date=19 December 2023|language=fr}}

{{Main article|Attal government|2023-2024 French government crisis}}

In January 2024, Macron requested Borne's resignation and subsequently replaced her with Gabriel Attal, who became the youngest head of government in French history and the first openly gay Prime Minister.{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-french-reshuffle-gabriel-attal-prime-minister/|title=Macron appoints rising star as PM, leaves presidential hopefuls stunned |newspaper=Politico |date=9 January 2024|language=en}}

File:Зустріч Президента України з президентами Франції та Румунії, а також головами урядів Німеччини та Італії 89.jpg

On 16 June 2022, Macron visited Ukraine with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi. He met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and expressed "European Unity".{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=Macron, Scholz and Draghi arrive in Kyiv for historic visit |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-scholz-draghi-kyiv-visit-zelenskyy-ukraine/ |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=POLITICO |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=Draghi, Scholz e Macron arrivano a Kiev. Prima tappa a Irpin |url=https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2022/06/16/news/ucraina_draghi_macron_scholz_kiev_visita_viaggio_guerra-354107572/ |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}} He said that nations who remained neutral in the Russo-Ukrainian War had made a historic mistake and were complicit in the new imperialism.{{cite news |title=French President Macron tells Jake Tapper Russia's invasion of Ukraine is a "post Covid-19 consequence" and countries that do not align with Ukraine are complicit in a new wave of imperialism |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/tv/2022/09/22/tl-4p-macron-pt1-jake-tapper.cnn |work=CNN |date=22 September 2022|access-date=26 July 2023}} In September, Macron criticized the US, Norway, and other "friendly" natural gas supplier states for the high prices of their supplies,{{cite news |title=Macron Pledges to Talk Tough on Gas When G-7 Meets |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-06/macron-pledges-to-talk-tough-on-gas-with-us-when-g-7-meets |work=Bloomberg |date=6 September 2022|access-date=26 July 2023}} saying in October that Europeans were "paying four times more than the price you sell to your industry. That is not exactly the meaning of friendship."{{cite news |title=Macron Accuses US of Trade 'Double Standard' Amid Energy Crunch |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-21/macron-accuses-us-of-trade-double-standard-amid-energy-crunch |work=Bloomberg |date=21 October 2022|access-date=26 July 2023}}

Macron and his wife attended the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II.

File:Meloni and Macron 2022.jpg

On 23 October, Macron became the first foreign leader to meet Italian President of the Council Giorgia Meloni, one day after she was sworn into office.{{cite news |title=Macron meets Meloni on her first day in office |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/10/23/macron-meets-meloni-on-her-first-day-of-office_6001494_4.html |work=Le Monde |date=23 October 2022|access-date=26 July 2023}}

File:P060812-622679.jpg and Chinese President Xi Jinping at the 2023 France–China Summit]]

During a meeting in China with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, which included a formal meeting with Xi, Macron called for Europe to reduce its dependence on the US and to stay neutral and avoid confrontations between the US and China over Taiwan. After a three-day state visit to China, Macron emphasized his theory of strategic autonomy, suggesting that Europe could become a "third superpower". He argued that Europe should focus on boosting its own defence industries and additionally reduce its dependence on the dollar (USD).{{cite web |last1=Anderlini |first1=Jamil |last2=Caulcutt |first2=Clea |title=Europe must resist pressure to become 'America's followers,' says Macron |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-china-america-pressure-interview/ |website=politico.eu |date=9 April 2023 |publisher=POLITICO |access-date=26 July 2023}} Macron used a follow-up speech in The Hague to further outline his vision of strategic autonomy for Europe.{{cite news |title=Macron outlines vision for 'European sovereignty' at a Hague speech disrupted by hecklers |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230411-president-macron-to-visit-netherlands-amid-row-over-china-comments |agency=AFP |publisher=FRANCE 24 |date=11 April 2023|access-date=26 July 2023}} On 7 June, a report by pan-European think tank European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) found that most Europeans agreed with Macron's views on China and the US.{{cite web |last1=Hanke Vela |first1=Jakob |last2=Camut |first2=Nicolas |title=Most Europeans agree with Macron on China and US, report shows |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/74-percent-of-europeans-agree-with-french-president-emmanuel-macron-on-china-us-defense-report-shows/ |website=politico.eu |publisher=Politico |access-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608023631/https://www.politico.eu/article/74-percent-of-europeans-agree-with-french-president-emmanuel-macron-on-china-us-defense-report-shows/ |archive-date=8 June 2023 |language=en |date=7 June 2023}}

In February, he welcomed Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in Paris to normalize relations between France and Ethiopia that were strained by the Tigray War.{{cite news |title=Ethiopia's prime minister wants Paris to invest |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2023/02/08/ethiopia-s-prime-minister-wants-paris-to-invest_6014945_124.html# |work=Le Monde |date=8 February 2023|access-date=26 July 2023}}

On 31 May, Macron visited the GLOBSEC forum in Bratislava, where he again spoke on European sovereignty.{{cite news |title=REPLAY - En Slovaquie, Emmanuel Macron s'adresse aux Européens de l'Est • FRANCE 24 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHdkwDD0x7A |publisher=FRANCE 24 |date=31 May 2023|access-date=26 July 2023|via=YouTube}} During the question and answer session that followed he said that negotiating with Putin may have to take priority.{{cite news |last1=Wintour |first1=Patrick |title=Negotiating with Putin may have to take priority over war crimes trial, says Macron |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/31/macron-to-call-for-european-strategic-awakening-after-ukraine-invasion |publisher=Guardian News & Media Limited |date=31 May 2023|access-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531042409/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/31/macron-to-call-for-european-strategic-awakening-after-ukraine-invasion |archive-date=31 May 2023}}

On 12 April, he made a state visit to the Netherlands, the first by a French president in 23 years, during which he spoke on Europe and economic sovereignty.{{cite news|title=Emmanuel Macron aux Pays-Bas : « Nous serons beaucoup plus forts ensemble »|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron/en-direct-emmanuel-macron-en-visite-detat-aux-pays-bas-avec-leurope-au-menu-396d6240-d858-11ed-8d82-b6c0f24c6e0e|work=Ouest-France|date=11 April 2023|access-date=19 June 2024}} He was interrupted by protesters asking "Where is French democracy"{{cite news|work=20 minutes|title=Visite d'Etat aux Pays-Bas : Emmanuel Macron interpellé par des protestataires lors de son discours sur l'Europe|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/monde/4032187-20230412-visite-etat-pays-bas-emmanuel-macron-interpelle-protestataires-lors-discours-europe|date=12 April 2023|access-date=19 June 2024}}{{cite news|work=Le Monde|title=« Où est la démocratie française ? » : Emmanuel Macron interrompu en plein discours aux Pays-Bas|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/video/2023/04/11/ou-est-la-democratie-francaise-emmanuel-macron-interrompu-en-plein-discours-aux-pays-bas_6169096_3210.html|date=11 April 2023|access-date=19 June 2024}} and the next day by a man chanting On est là !, a yellow vest protest song.{{cite news|title=«Qu'ils viennent me chercher» Le voyage d'Emmanuel Macron aux Pays-Bas de nouveau perturbé par des manifestants|url=https://www.liberation.fr/politique/le-voyage-demmanuel-macron-aux-pays-bas-de-nouveau-perturbe-par-des-manifestants-20230412_TCDK63FRXBHXLCP43TKW36RGXI/|work=Libération|date=12 April 2023|access-date=19 June 2024}}

File:Prime minister Rishi Sunak attends the NATO Summit in Lithunia (53041237495).jpg on 12 July 2023]]

On 12 June, Macron promised to deliver more ammunition, weapons and armed vehicles to Ukraine.{{cite news |title=France to intensify arms delivery to help Ukraine counter-offensive |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-intensify-arms-delivery-help-ukraine-counter-offensive-macron-2023-06-12/ |work=Reuters |date=12 June 2023|access-date=26 July 2023}} At the NATO Summit in Vilnius, he promised to supply Ukraine with Scalp long-range cruise missiles.{{cite news |title=France to send SCALP long-range missiles to Ukraine |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/07/11/france-to-send-scalp-long-range-missiles-to-ukraine_6049285_4.html |work=Le Monde |date=11 July 2023|access-date=26 July 2023}}

File:Isaac Herzog in Beit HaNassi, October 2023 (ABG 7050).jpg in Jerusalem in October 2023]]

In June, Macron hosted a global climate finance conference. The purpose was to adjust the global economy to address climate change and hunger. One proposition was to offer low-income countries grants instead of credits so they can use their resource to stop climate change and poverty instead of repaying debt. Macron supported the idea, but a Ugandan climate activist remarked that the promises are senseless if, at the same time, Macron supported projects like the East African Crude Oil Pipeline, which he called a major threat to climate and to the drinking water of 40 million people.{{cite news |last1=Porter |first1=Catherine |title=Countries on Front Lines of Climate Change Seek New Lifeline in Paris |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/22/world/europe/paris-climate-economy-conference.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |agency=The New York Times |date=22 June 2023}} At the summit Macron proposed an international taxation system and debt restructuring but stressed that it would require international cooperation.{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Macron calls for international taxation system in push for climate solidarity |url=https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/the-interview/20230623-live-watch-our-exclusive-interview-with-france-s-macron-on-climate-solidarity |access-date=26 July 2023 |agency=France24 |date=23 June 2023}} In July, Macron had to postpone his planned state visit to Germany due to ongoing Nahel M. riots.{{cite web |title=ÉMEUTES: EMMANUEL MACRON REPORTE SA VISITE D'ÉTAT EN ALLEMAGNE |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/elysee/emeutes-en-france-emmanuel-macron-reporte-sa-visite-d-etat-en-allemagne_AN-202307010272.html |publisher=BFMTV (with AFP) |language=fr |date=1 July 2023|access-date=26 July 2023}} This would have been the first state visit to Germany for a French head of state in 23 years.

On 13 July, the Parliament passed a multi-year military budget planning law for 2024–2030, allowing a 40% increase in military spending to a total of €413 billion over the period compared to 2019–2025.{{cite web |title=Que contient la nouvelle loi de programmation militaire, adoptée par le Parlement ?|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/metiers/armee-et-securite/que-contient-la-nouvelle-loi-de-programmation-militaire-en-passe-d-etre-adoptee-par-le-parlement_5947694.html|publisher=Franceinfo |language=fr |date=13 July 2023|access-date=30 July 2023}}

In October, Macron condemned Hamas' attack on Israel and expressed his support for Israel's right to self-defense.{{cite news |title=Macron Urges French Unity in Response to Hamas Attack, Israeli Airstrikes |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip/card/macron-urges-french-unity-in-response-to-hamas-attack-israeli-strikes-QkBi9GLnbPOsPpwTaJXH |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=14 October 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023 |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018022212/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip/card/macron-urges-french-unity-in-response-to-hamas-attack-israeli-strikes-QkBi9GLnbPOsPpwTaJXH |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Alain Gresh: 'Macron's party has a strong anti-Palestinian position' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/18/alain-gresh-macrons-party-has-a-strong-anti-palestinian-position |work=Al Jazeera |date=18 October 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023 |archive-date=22 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022020204/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/18/alain-gresh-macrons-party-has-a-strong-anti-palestinian-position |url-status=live }} He criticized Iran for its support of Hamas.{{cite news |title=France's Macron says Iran comments praising Hamas attack unacceptable |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/frances-macron-says-iran-comments-praising-hamas-attack-unacceptable-2023-10-10/ |work=Reuters |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023 |archive-date=16 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016015524/https://www.reuters.com/world/frances-macron-says-iran-comments-praising-hamas-attack-unacceptable-2023-10-10/ |url-status=live }} On 24 October, Macron visited Israel to express solidarity with the country. He said that the anti-ISIL coalition should fight Hamas.{{cite news |title=Israel Launches New Strikes on Gaza Targets as Macron Visits Jerusalem |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/macron-visits-israel-in-show-of-solidarity-push-for-protection-of-palestinians-in-gaza/7323764.html |work=VOA News |date=24 October 2024 |access-date=24 October 2023 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029113255/https://www.voanews.com/a/macron-visits-israel-in-show-of-solidarity-push-for-protection-of-palestinians-in-gaza/7323764.html |url-status=live }} On 10 November, he called for a ceasefire and urged Israel to stop bombing Gaza and killing civilians.{{cite news |date=10 November 2023 |title=Macron says 'no justification' for bombing civilians as he calls for Gaza ceasefire |work=The Guardian |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/10/macron-says-no-justification-for-bombing-civilians-as-he-calls-for-gaza-ceasefire |issn=1756-3224 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111080049/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/10/macron-says-no-justification-for-bombing-civilians-as-he-calls-for-gaza-ceasefire |url-status=live}}

In January, he accused Hamas of using Palestinian civilians as human shields and said Israel had the right to defend itself.{{cite news |title=France Rejects Genocide Accusations Against Israel in Gaza |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/17/world/middleeast/france-israel-genocide-gaza.html |work=The New York Times |date=17 January 2024}}

In February, during a meeting with other European states, Macron generated controversy by suggesting sending ground troops to Ukraine.{{cite news |title=Nato allies reject Emmanuel Macron idea of troops to Ukraine |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68417223 |work=BBC News |date=28 January 2024}}

In March, Macron defended the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the EU, praising the agreement as a "very good deal", after the French Senate voted against its ratification.{{cite news |title=CETA is a "very good deal" for French agriculture, says Macron in Brussels |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/le-ceta-est-un-tres-bon-accord-pour-l-agriculture-francaise-defend-emmanuel-macron-20240322 |work=Le Figaro|language=fr|date=22 March 2024}} In March, Macron and Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva agreed about cooperation between Brazil and France on environmental issues, including the transmission of 1.1 billion dollars for preserving the Amazon rainforest.{{cite news |last1=Parolin |first1=Lucas |title=Macron, Lula strengthen climate pacts |url=https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news-and-insights/latest-market-news/2553982-macron-lula-strengthen-climate-pacts |access-date=7 April 2024 |agency=Argus |date=3 April 2024}}

File:Emmanuel_Macron_met_with_Ahmed_al-Sharaa,_May_2025.jpg, 8 May 2025]]

On 28 May, Macron gave Ukraine permission to use SCALP EG missiles against limited targets on Russian soil. The missiles could target only "military sites from which missiles are being fired, military sites from which Ukraine is being attacked".{{cite news |title=EU pushing to boost military aid to Ukraine |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/macron-permits-ukraine-to-use-french-missiles-to-strike-inside-russia/ar-BB1ndhNf |access-date=28 May 2024 |publisher=The Washington Post| website=MSN|author=Stacy Meichtry|author2= Bertrand Benoit}}

{{See also|2024 French legislative election}}{{Update section|date=November 2024}}

On 9 June, Macron made a national address stating that he had dissolved the French parliament and called for parliamentary elections, following exit polls indicating that the Renaissance party would be thumped by the National Rally party in the 2024 European Parliament election. He stated that the first round of national elections were scheduled for 30 June, with a second round on 7 July, advancing the date of elections from mid-2027. In his address, he called the rise of nationalism by agitators a threat to France and Europe. He also decried the far right as the "impoverishment of the French people and the downfall of our country". He called upon the French people to make the right choice for themselves and the future, calling the elections an "act of trust".{{Cite web |last=Tidey |first=Alice |date=2024-06-09 |title=French President Macron dissolves parliament, calls snap elections |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/06/09/french-president-emmanuel-macron-announces-anticipated-elections-after-stinging-eu-electio |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=euronews |language=en}}

{{Main|Opinion polling on the Emmanuel Macron presidency}}

{{See also|Protests against Emmanuel Macron}}

File:Baromètre politique Macron.svg

Macron started his five-year term with a 62-percent approval rating.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lci.fr/elections/sondage-cote-de-popularite-emmanuel-macron-edouard-philippe-aupres-des-francais-deux-semaines-apres-son-election-2052720.html|title=Popularité : Macron fait un peu mieux que Hollande, un peu moins bien que Sarkozy, deux semaines après l'élection|work=LCI|date=21 May 2017|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.europe1.fr/politique/cote-de-popularite-62-des-francais-satisfaits-demmanuel-macron-president-sondage-3336650|title=Cote de popularité : 62% des Français satisfaits d'Emmanuel Macron président (sondage)|work=Europe 1|date=21 May 2017|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} This was higher than Hollande's popularity at the start of his first term (61 per cent) but lower than Sarkozy's (65 per cent).{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/20/macrons-popularity-similar-predecessors-mandate-kicks/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/20/macrons-popularity-similar-predecessors-mandate-kicks/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Macron's popularity similar to predecessors as mandate kicks off|work=The Telegraph|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB}}{{cbignore}} An IFOP poll on 24 June 2017 said that 64 per cent of French people were pleased with Macron's performance.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-macron-poll-idUSKBN19F0RC|title=French President Macron, PM Philippe approval ratings rise: poll|date=24 June 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=26 July 2023}} In the IFOP poll on 23 July 2017, Macron suffered a 10-per-cent point drop in popularity, the largest for any president since Jacques Chirac in 1995.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2017/08/03/01002-20170803ARTFIG00276-chute-d-emmanuel-macron-dans-les-sondages-d-une-ampleur-quasi-inedite.php|title=Chute d'Emmanuel Macron dans les sondages, d'une ampleur quasi inédite|date=3 August 2017|work=Le Figaro|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} 54 per cent of French people approved of Macron's performance,{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/23/emmanuel-macron-slumps-popularity-ratings/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/23/emmanuel-macron-slumps-popularity-ratings/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Emmanuel Macron slumps in popularity ratings|work=The Telegraph|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB}}{{cbignore}} a 24-point drop in three months.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/nouvelle-forte-baisse-de-la-popularite-d-emmanuel-macron-27-08-2017-2152465_20.php|title=Nouvelle forte baisse de la popularité d'Emmanuel Macron|last=magazine|first=Le Point|date=27 August 2017|work=Le Point|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} The main contributors were his confrontations with former Chief of Defence Staff Pierre de Villiers,{{Cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/french-military-chief-pierre-de-villiers-resigns-after-clash-with-president-macron-10953603|title=French military chief quits after Macron clash|publisher=Sky News|date=19 July 2017|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB}} the nationalization of the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard owned by the bankrupt STX Offshore & Shipbuilding,{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/07/27/macron-seizes-french-shipyards-block-italian-take-over/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/07/27/macron-seizes-french-shipyards-block-italian-take-over/ |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Macron seizes French shipyards to block Italian take-over|work=The Telegraph|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB}}{{cbignore}} and a reduction in housing benefit.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/24/housing-benefit-cuts-add-to-fall-in-emmanuel-macrons-popularity|title=Housing benefit cuts spark row as Emmanuel Macron's poll ratings fall|last=Chrisafis|first=Angelique|date=24 July 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=26 July 2023|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} In August 2017, IFOP polls stated that 40 per cent approved and 57 per cent disapproved of his performance.{{cite web |title=EXCLUSIF. La popularité de Macron s'effondre encore : – 14 points |date=26 August 2017 |publisher=Europe 1 & JDD |url=http://www.lejdd.fr/politique/exclusif-la-popularite-de-macron-seffondre-encore-14-points-3419795|access-date=26 July 2023}}

By the end of September 2017, seven out of ten respondents said that they believe Macron was respecting his campaign promises,{{Cite news|url=http://www.europe1.fr/politique/regain-de-popularite-pour-emmanuel-macron-et-edouard-philippe-3446981|title=Regain de popularité pour Emmanuel Macron et Édouard Philippe|date=26 September 2017|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}}{{Cite news|url=https://elabe.fr/laction-demmanuel-macron/|title=L'action d'Emmanuel Macron|date=27 September 2017|work=ELABE|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr-FR}} though a majority felt that the policies the government was putting forward were "unfair".{{Cite news|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/reformes-69-des-francais-jugent-injuste-la-politique-menee-par-macron_1947472.html|title=Réformes: 69% des Français jugent "injuste" la politique menée par Macron|date=27 September 2017|work=L'Express|access-date=26 July 2023|language=fr}} Macron's popularity fell sharply in 2018, reaching about 25% by the end of November. Dissatisfaction with his presidency was expressed by protestors in the yellow vests (gilets jaune) movement.{{cite news |last1=Van Renterghem |first1=Marion |title=Riots, low ratings ... where did it all go wrong for Emmanuel Macron? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/nov/28/emmanuel-macron-populism-french-president |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=26 July 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Sharkov |first1=Damien |title=In France, Macron's Popularity Hits Record Low |url=https://www.newsweek.com/france-macrons-popularity-hits-record-low-1135709 |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=Newsweek |date=24 September 2018}} During the COVID-19 pandemic in France, his popularity increased, reaching 50% at highest in July 2020.{{Cite news|url=https://elabe.fr/barometre-politique-juillet-2020-3/|title=Juillet 2020 : la cote de confiance d'E. Macron atteint un niveau plus élevé qu'avant la crise|date=2 July 2020|work=Elabe|access-date=26 July 2023}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200730-macron-s-popularity-mounts-after-he-clinches-eu-recovery-deal-opinion-poll|title=Macron's popularity climbs after signing EU pandemic stimulus, reshuffling gov't|date=30 July 2020|work=France24|access-date=26 July 2023}}

{{Main|Benalla affair}}

On 18 July 2018, Le Monde reported that staffer Alexandre Benalla posed as a police officer and beat a protester during May Day demonstrations in Paris earlier in the year and was suspended for a period of 15 days before he was internally demoted. The government did not refer the case to the public prosecutor and a preliminary investigation was not opened until the day after the article. The lenient penalty raised questions within the opposition about whether the executive deliberately chose not to inform the public prosecutor as required under the code of criminal procedure.{{cite news|title=Enquête, profil du suspect, réactions politiques... ce que l'on sait de l'affaire Benalla|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/07/19/enquete-profil-du-suspect-reactions-politiques-ce-que-l-on-sait-de-l-affaire-benalla_5333734_3224.html|newspaper=Le Monde|date=19 July 2018|access-date=26 July 2023}}

• Presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy
• Presidency of François Hollande
• Political positions of Emmanuel Macron
• Foreign policy of Emmanuel Macron
• Presidency of Nicușor Dan

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{{Emmanuel Macron}}{{Presidents of France}}

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Macron, Emmanuel

Presidency

Macron