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September 1916

{{short description|Month in 1916}}

{{Events by month|1916}}

{{calendar|year=1916|month=September}}

File:Manfred von Richthofen.jpg, aka "The Red Baron"}}.]]

File:1916 - Sarja a cavaleriei romane in luptele de la Bazargic desen de D Stoica.jpg.]]

File:TutrakanBattle.jpg" by Dimitar Giudzhenov.]]

The following events occurred in September 1916:

[[September 1]], 1916 (Friday)

File:German trench Delville Wood September 1916.jpg

  • Bulgaria declared war on Romania, and went on to take the city of Dobruja.{{cite web|last1=Duffy|first1=Michael|title=Who Declared War and When|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/declarationsofwar.htm|website=First World War|accessdate=21 January 2016}}
  • Battle of Delville Wood – British efforts to regain ground lost to Germans on August 31 were hampered by bombing and sniper fire.{{cite book |series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence |title=Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme |volume=II |last=Miles |first=W. |year=1992 |orig-year=1938 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |edition=Imperial War Museum & Battery Press |isbn=0-901627-76-3|pages=250–51}}
  • U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signed the Keating–Owen Act, named after its sponsors Edward Keating and Robert Latham Owen, into law to go into effect a year later. The Act addressed child labor issues by prohibiting the sale of goods across state line if they come from factories that employed children under fourteen. However, the act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States nine months after it went into effect.{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|title=Abbott, Grace|edition=15th|year=2010|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.|volume=I: A-Ak - Bayes|location=Chicago, IL|isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/13 13]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/13}}
  • The city of Berlin, Ontario officially changed its name to Kitchener in memory of the late British general Herbert Kitchener, and in accordance with a referendum to change the name in May due to Canada being part of the Allies against Germany in World War I.{{cite web|title=What's In a Name? Berlin to Kitchener|url=http://www.collectionscanada.ca/education/premiereguerre/05180204/0518020404_e.html|website=Canada and the First World War|publisher=National Library of Canada and National Archives of Canada|accessdate=21 December 2016|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041120025754/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/education/premiereguerre/05180204/0518020404_e.html|archive-date=20 November 2004}}
  • W. B. Yeats wrote the poem Easter, 1916, based on the Easter Rising.{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Malcolm|title=100 Years of 'Easter 1916'|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/27/yeats-etched-ireland-s-terrible-beauty.html|accessdate=6 September 2016|work=The Daily Beast|issue=March 26, 2016|date=March 26, 2016}}
  • The Albanian Literary Commission was established by Austrian diplomat August Ritter von Kral, and would eventually include such Albanian literary figures as Gjergj Fishta, Luigj Gurakuqi, Hilë Mosi, Aleksander Xhuvani, Maximilian Lambertz, Gjergj Pekmezi, Ndre Mjeda, and Sotir Peçi.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&q=albanian+literary+commission&pg=PA7| author=Robert Elsie|edition=2|title=Historical Dictionary of Albania|page=7 | publisher= Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham |year=2010|series= Historical dictionaries of Europe|number=75|isbn=9780810861886 |oclc=454375231}}
  • The association football club Sportivo Dock Sud was established in Avellaneda Partido, Argentina.{{cite web|url=https://clubsportivodocksud.com.ar/institucion/|title= Institución|website=Club Sportivo Dock Sud|publisher=Club SDS|accessdate=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306074549/https://clubsportivodocksud.com.ar/institucion/ |archive-date=6 March 2023 |language=es}}
  • Born:
  • Dorothy Cheney, American tennis player, four-time U.S. Open champion, first American woman to win the Australian Open in 1938, also champion at the French Open and Wimbledon in 1946; in Los Angeles, United States (d. 2014){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Joseph Minish, American politician, U.S. Representative from New Jersey from 1963 to 1985; in Throop, Pennsylvania, United States (d. 2007){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 2]], 1916 (Saturday)

  • Battle of Transylvania – The Romanian Army captured the city of Orșova, Transylvania, which was then part of Austria-Hungary, before advancing towards the outskirts of Sibiu and completing the first phase of its offense against the Central Powers.{{cite journal | url=https://esirc.emporia.edu/bitstream/handle/123456789/311/136.pdf?sequence=1 | title=Romania's Entry into the First World War: The Problem of Strategy|author=Torrie, Glenn E. |journal=Emporia State Research Studies|date=Spring 1978|volume=26|issue=4|pages=7–8|publisher=Emporia State University}}
  • Battle of Turtucaia – The Bulgarian Third Army surrounded a Romanian garrison at Turtucaia (then part of Romania), as it opened a new offensive against the newest ally to the Entente.{{cite journal|last1=Torrey|first1=Glenn E.|title=The Battle of Turtucaia (Tutrakan) (2–6 September 1916): Romania's Grief, Bulgaria's Glory|journal=East European Quarterly|date=2003|volume=37}}
  • Royal Flying Corps pilot Lieutenant Leefe Robinson, flying a Royal aircraft, shot down the German Army airship SL 11, near London, killing her entire crew of 16. Leefe Robinson became the second pilot to shoot down an airship and the first to do it over Great Britain, receiving the Victoria Cross for his action three days later.{{cite book |last=Whitehouse |first=Arch |title=The Zeppelin Fighters |location=New York |publisher=Ace Books |year=1966 |page=146}}
  • The Fitzroy Football Club won the 20th Victoria Football League Grand Final, defeating Carlton by a margin of 29 points at the Melbourne Cricket Ground before a crowd of 21,130 spectators. The title was a huge upset for Fitzroy as the club finished last in the regular season, making it the sixth time it won the premiership.{{cite web|title=1916 VFL Grand Final|url=http://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/1916/030619160902.html|website=AFL Tables|publisher=Australian Football League|accessdate=6 September 2016}}

[[September 3]], 1916 (Sunday)

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1970-074-44, Frankreich, Tankschlacht bei Cambrai.jpg]]

  • Battle of Transylvania – The Romanian Army crossed the Olt river in the second phase of its offensive to conquer Transylvania from the Austro—Hungarians.Torrie 1978, pp. 7–8
  • Battle of Guillemont – The British and French launched an assault involved six divisions to capture the village of Guillemont in northeastern France.{{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=252–253}}
  • Battle of Delville Wood – The British continued to suffer failed attacks on the east end of Delville Wood in France.{{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=262–263}}
  • Battle of Verdun – French counterattacks on German flanks pushed the line further back from Verdun.{{cite book|author1-link=Robert A. Doughty|last=Doughty |first=R. A. |title=Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=The Belknap Press of Harvard University |year=2005 |isbn=0-67401-880-X|pages=305–306}}
  • In the largest airship raid of World War I, 12 German Navy and four German Army airships bombed southeast England. The airships dropped 823 bombs totaling 38,979 pounds (17,681 kg), killing four people and injuring 12 and causing over £21,000 in damage.Whitehouse 1966, pp. 140–146, 165
  • The U.S. government passed the Adamson Act, named after U.S. Representative William C. Adamson, which established the eight-hour workday for rail workers. Although the practice existed earlier with Ford Motors, the legislation popularized the eight-hour day for other industries.Adamson Act, Sept. 3, 5, 1916, ch. 436, {{USStat|39|721}}. {{USC|45|65}} et seq.{{cite journal |first=John S. |last=Smith |title=Organized Labor and Government in the Wilson Era: 1913–1921: Some Conclusions |journal=Labor History |year=1962 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=265–286 |doi=10.1080/00236566208583906}}
  • British flying ace Henry Evans was shot down by ground fire over northern France while doing an offensive patrol for the British Fourth Army. He had five confirmed kills at the time giving him the title of flying ace.{{cite web | url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/evans2.php |title=Henry Cope Evans |work=The Aerodrome |year=2014 |accessdate=1 December 2014 }}{{better source needed|date=February 2022|reason=theaerodrome.com is considered generally unreliable}}
  • Born:
  • Tommy J. Smith, Australian horse trainer, dominated and won the Sydney Trainers' Premiership every year between 1953 and 1985, notable horses trained included Tulloch, Gunsynd, Kingston Town, Redcraze and Red Anchor; as Thomas John Smith, in Jembaicumbene, Australia (d. 1998){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Doug Bentley, Canadian hockey player, left wing for the Chicago Blackhawks and New York Rangers from 1939 to 1954; in Delisle, Saskatchewan, Canada (d. 1972){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Kenneth Hutchings, 33, English cricketer, played for Kent County Cricket Club and the England cricket team between 1902 and 1912; killed in action at the Battle of the Somme (b. 1882){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Armand du Paty de Clam, 63, French army officer, chief investigator in the Dreyfus affair; died of his wounds from the First Battle of the Marne (b. 1853){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Horace Thomas, 26, Welsh rugby player, played half for Barbarian from 1911 to 1912 and the Wales national rugby union team from 1912 to 1913; killed in action at the Battle of the Somme (b. 1890){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 4]], 1916 (Monday)

[[September 5]], 1916 (Tuesday)

File:Intolerance (film).jpg by D. W. Griffith}}]]

[[September 6]], 1916 (Wednesday)

  • Battle of Turtucaia – Embattled Romanian forces at Turtucaia surrendered to Bulgaria, allowing 28,000 to be taken prisoner. Bulgaria also captured 150 cannons and 63 machine guns among other equipment. Bulgarian casualties were 1,517 killed, 7,407 wounded and 247 missing, while Romanian casualties were between 6,000 and 7,000 killed or wounded.Министерство на войната (1939), pp. 677{{cite web |url=http://ns.rri.ro/arh-art.shtml?lang=1&sec=9&art=3792 |title=The Battle of Turtucaia at Radio Romania |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823110710/http://ns.rri.ro/arh-art.shtml?lang=1&sec=9&art=3792|archive-date=2011-08-23}}
  • Battle of Guillemont – British forces consolidated defenses on the road between Combles and Ginchy, France. {{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=259–260}}
  • The Imperial German Army reestablished the 9th Army for the Romanian campaign.{{cite book|last=Cron|first=Hermann|year=2002|title=Imperial German Army 1914–18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]|publisher=Helion & Co|isbn=1-874622-70-1|pages=80–81}}
  • The transport company Graakalbanen was established in Trondheim, Norway to build the Trondheim Tramway.{{cite book|last=Kjenstad|first=Rune|title=På skinner i Bymarka|year=1994|publisher=Baneforlaget|isbn=82-91448-01-9|page=25}}
  • The first true self-service grocery store, Piggly Wiggly, was founded in Memphis, Tennessee, by Clarence Saunders, opening 5 days later.{{cite web|title=See you at the Piggly Wiggly|publisher=Pink Palace Family of Museums|url=http://www.memphismuseums.org/piggly%20wiggly.htm|accessdate=2007-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014204543/http://memphismuseums.org/piggly%20wiggly.htm|archive-date=2007-10-14}}

[[September 7]], 1916 (Thursday)

  • Battle of Bazargic – Despite being outnumbered, the Bulgarian Third Army defeated Romania and pushed Allied forces out of Southern Dobruja. Bulgarian casualties were 1,053 killed and 2,324 wounded while Romanian casualties were unknown.Симеонов, Радослав, Величка Михайлова и Донка Василева. Добричката епопея. Историко-библиографски справочник, Добрич 2006, с. 181.
  • Battle of Guillemont – Further assaults were called off due to strong German counteroffensives.{{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=260–262}}
  • Battle of Transylvania – Romanian forces captured Sfântu Gheorghe, Transylvania.
  • Battle of Kisaki – A German colonial force of 2,200 men attacked 1,700 South African troops, with naval barrage support from the German light cruiser SMS Königsberg near the down of Kisaki in German East Africa (now Tanzania).{{cite book |title=The First World War in Africa |author-link=Hew Strachan |first=Hew |last=Strachan |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-19-925728-7}}{{page needed|date=February 2025}}
  • The Merchant Marine Act established the United States Shipping Board.{{cite book |last=Hurley |first=Edward N. |year=1927 |title=The Bridge to France |location=Philadelphia & London |publisher=J. B. Lippincott Company |lccn=27011802 |chapter=Chapter III |url=http://www.gwpda.org/wwi-www/Hurley/bridgeTC.htm |accessdate=21 August 2015 }}
  • Died: Clara Bewick Colby, 70, American suffragist, founder and publisher of The Woman's Tribune; died of pneumonia and myocarditis (b. 1846){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 8]], 1916 (Friday)

[[September 9]], 1916 (Saturday)

  • Battle of Ginchy – The Irish 16th Division captured the German-held village of Ginchy in northeastern France at a cost of {{nowrap|4,330 casualties}}.{{sfn|Miles|1992|p=276}}
  • General Erich von Falkenhayn, recently fired from the German General Staff, was given command of the German 9th Army to counter the Romanian offensive in Transylvania.{{cite book |last=Leonhard |first=Jörn |title=Die Büchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkriegs |language=de |trans-title=Pandora's Box: History of the First World War |publisher=C. H. Beck |year=2014 |isbn=978-3-406-66191-4|page=451}}
  • The first prototype of the Bristol fighterplane was flown.{{cite book|last1=Barnes|first1=C. H.|title=Bristol Aircraft since 1910|date=1970|publisher=Putnam|location=London|isbn=0-370-00015-3|page=106|edition=2nd}}
  • Emily Griffith Opportunity School opened to female students in Denver.{{cite magazine |title=You Can Do It |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,778751-1,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021092015/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,778751-1,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |magazine=TIME |date=1946-07-08 |accessdate=2007-11-08 }}
  • The War Merit Cross was established by German noble Frederick II, the last Grand Duchy of Baden to recognize war and volunteer service on the home front.{{cite web|last=Robertson|first=Megan C.|title=Duchy of Baden: 1914 War Merit Cross|url=http://www.medals.org.uk/baden/baden014.htm|work=Medals of the World|accessdate=1 May 2013}}
  • South Fremantle defeated East Fremantle by a 19-point margin to win their first West Australian Football League premiership.{{cite book|last1=Christian|first1=Geoff|last2=Lee|first2= Jack |last3=Messenger|first3= Bob|title=The Footballers: A history of football in Western Australia|editor=Jordan, Ray|publisher=St George Books|year=1985|pages=23}}
  • Born: John D. Lavelle, American air force officer, commander of the Seventh Air Force during the Vietnam War; as John Daniel Lavelle, in Cleveland, United States (d. 1979){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died: Tom Kettle, 36, Irish poet, best known for his poem "To My Daughter Betty, the Gift of God" and his friendship with James Joyce; killed in action at the Battle of the Somme (b. 1880){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 10]], 1916 (Sunday)

[[September 11]], 1916 (Monday)

[[September 12]], 1916 (Tuesday)

  • Battle of Kaymakchalan – The Serbian First Army assaulted Bulgarian forces stationed at Kajmakčalan, a strategic mountain in Macedonia.Allcock, John B., and Antonia Young, Black Lambs and Grey Falcons, (Berghahn Books, 2000), 82.
  • Battle of Malka Nidzhe – The Monastir Offensive began in Macedonia with Allied forces assaulting a Bulgarian force of 8,000 men outside of Lerin (now part of Greece).{{cite book|last1=Villari|first1=Luigi|title=The Macedonian Campaign|url=https://archive.org/details/macedoniancampai00vill|date=1922|publisher=T.F. Unwin Ltd.}}
  • Farrukh Gayibov, the first Russian pilot of Azerbaijani ancestry and decorated with Order of Saint Anna and the Order of St. George, went missing in action during a bombing run and declared dead six days later.[http://www.airwar.ru/history/av1ww/murom/murom_01.html Безвозвратные потери самолетов «Илья Муромец» во время Первой Мировой и Гражданской войн]
  • During a circus parade put on by Sparks World Famous Shows in Sullivan County, Tennessee, Mary, a circus elephant, suddenly flew into a rage and hurled her handler Walter "Red" Eldridge off his perch before trampling him to death. Eldridge, a transient, had been hired as an assistant elephant trainer the day before, and conflicting eyewitness accounts suggested he may have accidentally provoked the elephant.{{cite web|url=http://blueridgecountry.com/articles/mary-the-elephant|title=The Day They Hanged Mary The Elephant in Tennessee |work=BlueRidgeCountry.com|first=Joan V. |last=Schroeder|date=February 13, 2009}}
  • Born:
  • Edward Binns, American actor, known for roles in 12 Angry Men, Fail Safe and Patton; in Philadelphia, United States (d. 1990){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Han Suyin, Chinese-born Swiss novelist, known for novels A Many-Splendoured Thing, The Crippled Tree and And the Rain My Drink; as Rosalie Matilda Kuanghu Chou, in Xinyang, Republic of China (present-day China) (d. 2012){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Henri van Praag, Dutch academic, leading researcher in theology and psychology; as Naphthali ben Levi van Praag, in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 1988){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 13]], 1916 (Wednesday)

  • Bowing to public pressure, circus owner Charlie Sparks transported Mary, a circus elephant that had killed her handler the day before, to a rail yard in Erwin, Tennessee where before a crowd of 2,500 people she was hung from a rail-car mounted industrial crane until dead.{{cite journal|last1=Brummette|first1=John|title=Trains, Chains, Blame, and Elephant Appeal: A Case Study of the Public Relations Significance of Mary the Elephant|journal=Public Relations Review |date=2012|volume=38|issue=3|pages=341–346|doi=10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.11.013}} An autopsy performed on the elephant afterward discovered Mary had a severely infected tooth. Eyewitnesses had seen her handler feed her a watermelon rind on the side of the mouth of the infected tooth seconds before she erupted in anger and killed him.{{cite web|url=http://snapjudgment.org/big-mary|title=Big Mary|publisher=SnapJudgement|accessdate=2013-08-21|archive-date=2018-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115151911/http://snapjudgment.org/big-mary|url-status=dead}}
  • Born:
  • Roald Dahl, Welsh children's writer, author of James and the Giant Peach, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda, Fantastic Mr Fox, and The BFG; in Llandaff, Wales (d. 1990){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • John Currie Gunn, Scottish physicist, best known for his participating in developing the linear electron accelerator for nuclear physics research; in Glasgow, Scotland (d. 2002){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died: William Hayes Pope, 46, American judge, first judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico (b. 1870){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 14]], 1916 (Thursday)

File:WWI - Seventh Battle of the Isonzo - Italian troops with a captured Austrian machine gun.jpg.]]

[[September 15]], 1916 (Friday)

File:Mark I series tank in action.jpg

|url=http://www.army.mil.nz/culture-and-history/nz-army-history/historical-chronology/1902.htm |website=NZ Army |title=1902 - 1919 Imperial Training & World War I |date=30 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207054053/http://www.army.mil.nz/culture-and-history/nz-army-history/historical-chronology/1902.htm |archive-date=7 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}

  • The British Mark I armoured fighting vehicle was deployed in battle, the first time the tank was used in warfare.{{cite book |last1=Forty |first1=George |last2=Livesey |first2=Jack |year=2012 |publisher=Southwater |title=The Complete Guide to Tanks and Armoured Fighting Vehicles |isbn=978-1780191645|page=20}}
  • Noted casualties on the first day of fighting included Raymond Asquith, son of British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, and Guy Baring, one of the 22 British Members of Parliament killed during World War I.{{cite book|title=The Somme| page=238| date=1966| first=Anthony| last=Farrah-Hockley|author-link=Anthony Farrar-Hockley}}{{publisher missing|date=February 2025}}
  • Two Austro-Hungarian aircraft attacked and damaged the French submarine Foucault, forcing the crew to scuttle her.{{cite book|last1=Price|first1=Alfred|title=Aircraft Versus Submarine in Two World Wars|year=1973|isbn=1-84415-091-7|publisher=Pen & Sword Aviation|pages=pxiii–xiv}} It was the first recorded time aircraft were able to successfully attack and destroy a vessel, although the British submarine HMS B-10 had been damaged by aircraft and taken out of service a month before.{{cite book|last=Kemp|first=Paul J.|title=British Submarines of World War One|year=1990|publisher=Arms and Armour Press|location=London|isbn=9781854090102|page=8}}
  • The Royal Flying Corps established the No. 76 Squadron.{{cite book| last1=Rawlings| first1=John D.R.| title=Fighter Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft| date=1969| publisher=Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd.| location=London| isbn=0-354-01028-X| page=192| edition=1978}}
  • The 18th Avenue, 20th Avenue, 71st Street and 79th Street elevated train stations opened in New York City.{{cite news |url=http://www.rtands.com/index.php/passenger/rapid-transit-light-rail/mta-completes-seven-station-rehabilitation-projects-along-d-line.html |title=MTA completes seven station rehabilitation projects along D Line |date=August 3, 2012 |work=Railway Track & Structures |accessdate=August 6, 2012}}
  • The weekly newspaper The National Leader began publication in Brisbane, Australia but would cease publication in 1919.{{cite web|title=The National Leader (Brisbane, QLD)|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/22697960|work=Trove|accessdate=29 November 2013}}
  • Born:
  • Margaret Lockwood, British actress, best known for her roles in British films including The Lady Vanishes and Cast a Dark Shadow; in Karachi, British India (present-day Pakistan) (d. 1990){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Marie Vieux-Chauvet, Haitian novelist, author of Fille d'Haïti La Danse sur le Volcan and Fonds des Nègres; as Marie Vieux, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti (d. 1973){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Frederick C. Weyand, American army officer, Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1974 to 1976; in Arbuckle, California, United States (d. 2010){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Abbas Guliyev, Soviet army officer, recipient of the Hero of the Soviet Union for action during the Lublin–Brest Offensive during World War II; in Şəkərabad, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan) (d. 1998){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Died:
  • Julius Fučík, 44, Serbian composer, known for dance and march compositions including "Entrance of the Gladiators" (b. 1872){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Basil W. Duke, 78, American army officer, general for the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, leading preserver of Civil War historic sites including the site of the Battle of Shiloh (b. 1838){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 16]], 1916 (Saturday)

[[September 17]], 1916 (Sunday)

[[September 18]], 1916 (Monday)

[[September 19]], 1916 (Tuesday)

  • First Battle of Cobadin – The Russian-Romanian Dobruja Army defeated the Bulgarian Third Army and supporting German and Ottoman forced at Rasova, Cobadin, Romania, inflicting a total 740 killed, 5,126 wounded and 673 missing. Russian and Romanian casualties were not recorded.{{cite book |title=Българската армия в Световната война 1915 - 1918, Vol. IX |last= Министерство на войната|first= Щаб на войската|year=1943 |publisher=Държавна печатница, София |pages=390–395}}
  • Battle of Flers–Courcelette – A New Zealand force pushed to occupy a key German trench named Flers.{{sfn|McCarthy|1995|pp=112–115}}
  • The No. 3 Squadron of the Australian Flying Corps was established at Point Cook, Victoria, Australia under command of David Blake as a unit of the Australian Flying Corps.{{cite book|last=Eather|first=Steve|title=Flying Squadrons of the Australian Defence Force|publisher=Aerospace Publications|location=Weston Creek, Australian Capital Territory|year=1995|isbn=1-875671-15-3|page=11}}
  • A bloody gang war erupted in Chicago between the Egan's Rats and the Bottoms Gang after former Rats leader Harry "Cherries" Dunn was gunned down outside a bar by former gang members Willie Egan and Walter Costello.{{cite book|author=Waugh, Daniel|title=Egan's Rats: The Untold Story of the Gang that ruled Prohibition-era St. Louis|location=Nashville, Tennessee|publisher=Cumberland House|date=2007}}
  • The musical comedy Theodore & Co by H. M. Harwood and George Grossmith Jr., with music by Ivor Novello and Jerome Kern, opened at the Gaiety Theatre in London and would run 503 performances.{{cite web |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/users/node/9014 |title=Chu Chin Chow |website=Victoria and Albert Museum |access-date= 22 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803121415/http://www.vam.ac.uk/users/node/9014 |archive-date=3 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}

[[September 20]], 1916 (Wednesday)

File:Defenders NGM-v31-p369-A.jpg.]]

[[September 21]], 1916 (Thursday)

  • Battle of Flers–Courcelette – Scouting parties discovered the Germans had given up two more key trenches to the British.{{sfn|McCarthy|1995|pp=112–115}}
  • The German air squadron Jagdstaffel 7 was established in the Imperial German Flying Corps.{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta7.php |title=Jasta 7 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |accessdate=16 December 2015}}{{better source needed|date=February 2022|reason=theaerodrome.com is considered generally unreliable}}
  • The Vicariate Apostolic of Eastern Honan (later the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaifeng) was established in China.{{cite web |url= http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkaif.html|title= Archdiocese of Kaifeng [Kaifeng]|accessdate= 1 September 2014|work= www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}
  • Born:
  • Tito Canepa, Dominican artist, best known works included the triptych Enriquillo – Duarte – Luperón; as Tito Enrique Canepa Jiménez, in San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic (d. 2014){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Ewing Kauffman, American business and sports executive, founder and owner of the Kansas City Royals baseball club; in Garden City, Missouri, United States (d. 1993){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 22]], 1916 (Friday)

  • Battle of Flers–Courcelette – British forces consolidated their units around the French villages of Courcelette and Flers to end the battle, delivering a decisive blow to the Germans on the Western Front. British casualties for the operations were 29,376 while German casualties were 13,000.{{sfn|McCarthy|1995|pp=112–115}}
  • Arab Revolt – Arab forces under command of Abdullah I bin al-Hussein wrested control of the city of Ta'if from the Ottomans after three months of fighting.{{cite book| last1=Murphy| first1=David| title=The Arab Revolt 1916–18 Lawrence sets Arabia Ablaze| url=https://archive.org/details/arabrevoltlawren00murp_298| url-access=limited| date=2008| publisher=Osprey| location=London| isbn=978-1-84603-339-1| page=[https://archive.org/details/arabrevoltlawren00murp_298/page/n34 34]}}

[[September 23]], 1916 (Saturday)

  • Battle of Kaymakchalan – Casualties for Serbia reached 10,000 while Bulgarian units dwindled to an average of 90 men, forcing many to retreat back towards the town Mariovo in Macedonia.{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/fromserbiatojugo00gordrich |title=From Serbia to Jugoslavia; Serbia's victories, reverses and final triumph, 1914-1918 |last= Gordon-Smith |first=Gordon |year= 1920|publisher= G.P. Putnam’s Sons – New York |pages=279–80}}
  • Twelve German Navy Zeppelins attack England. London was hit by two airships, with 23 civilians killed and 45 injured, along with dozens of homes and businesses destroyed. However, the Germans lose two airships, including the entire crew of L 32 including German air naval commander Peter Strasser.Whitehouse 1966, pp. 166–171
  • A German squadron of five airplanes, led by Manfred von Richthofen (later known as the "Red Baron"), attacked and destroyed an entire British squadron over the Somme battlefield, including British pilot Herbert Bellerby, Richthofen's second kill during the war.{{cite book|author=Peter Kilduff|title=Red Baron - The Life and Death of an Ace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJiepcB5cIMC&pg=PT100|date=1 April 2012|publisher=F+W Media|isbn=978-0-7153-3381-5|pages=100–101}}
  • American pilot Kiffin Rockwell was mortally wounded and crashed while flying a reconnaissance mission over France, becoming the second American airman to die in combat.{{cite journal |last=Jenkins |first=John Wilber |url=http://docsouth.unc.edu/wwi/jenkins/menu.html |title=North Carolina's Part in the War |journal=Training School Quarterly |volume=4 |issue=1 |date=Spring 1917 |location=Greenville, N.C. |publisher=East Carolina Teachers Training School |year=1917}}
  • Chevrolet opened a car manufacturing plant in Elmhurst, Oakland, California to produce its new Chevrolet Series 490 for the American West Coast market. The plant would be bought out by General Motors and cease operation in 1963.{{cite web|url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20111031/CHEVY100/310319998/built-across-the-nation |title=Built across the nation |publisher=Autonews.com |date=2011-10-31 |accessdate=2015-02-17}}
  • The Pittsburgh, Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad was disbanded after the local mountain lumber industry it serviced ended operations due to deforestation.{{cite book |last=Swetnam |first=George |author2=Helene Smith |title=A Guidebook to Historic Western Pennsylvania |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |year=1976 |isbn=0-8229-5271-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/guidebooktohisto0000swet/page/192 192–193] |url=https://archive.org/details/guidebooktohisto0000swet/page/192 }}
  • Born:
  • Aldo Moro, Italian state leader, 38th Prime Minister of Italy; in Maglie, Kingdom of Italy (present-day Italy) (d. 1978){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Frank S. Emi, American activist, advocated for rights of Japanese Americans during World War II; as Frank Seishi Emi, in Los Angeles, United States (d. 2010){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • William W. Momyer, American air force officer, deputy commander of Military Assistance Command in Vietnam and operating commander of Operation Rolling Thunder; as William Wallace Momyer, in Muskogee, Oklahoma, United States (d. 2012){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Karel Kuttelwascher, Czech air force officer, member of the Royal Air Force during World War II, recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross and Croix de Guerre; in Svatý Kříž, Austria-Hungary (present-day Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic) (d. 1959){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 24]], 1916 (Sunday)

[[September 25]], 1916 (Monday)

File:British infantry Morval 25 September 1916.jpg

[[September 26]], 1916 (Tuesday)

|url=http://www.1914-18.info/erster-weltkrieg.php?u=295 |title=9. Bayerische Reserve-Division (Chronik 1916/1918) |website=1914-18.info |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930183000/http://www.1914-18.info/erster-weltkrieg.php?u=295 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}{{better source needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 27]], 1916 (Wednesday)

[[September 28]], 1916 (Thursday)

File:Stretcher bearers Battle of Thiepval Ridge September 1916.jpg

  • Battle of Morval – Major actions during the battle ended with Anglo-French forces sustained far fewer casualties than the Germans, with 5,000 recorded for the Allies.{{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=384–389}} German casualties for Allied assaults since July were at 135,000.{{cite book |title=Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916 |last=Duffy |first=Christopher | author-link = Christopher Duffy |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |year=2007 |orig-year=2006 |location=London |edition=Phoenix |isbn=978-0-7538-2202-9|page=243}}
  • Battle of Thiepval Ridge – British forces captured the south side of Schwaben Redoubt, a key German defensive landmark on the Ancre River in France.{{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=420-423}} British casualties were 12,500 while Germans were shared with the estimated 135,000 recorded for the end of September, with 2,329 taken prisoner during the attack on Thiepval, France.{{sfn|Miles|1992|pp=411, 422}}
  • The German air squadrons Jagdstaffel 9,{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta9.php |title=Jasta 9 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |accessdate=16 December 2015}} 10,{{cite web|url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta10.php|title=Jasta 10|publisher=The Aerodrome|accessdate=27 June 2010}} 11,{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta11.php |title=Jasta 11 |publisher=The Aerodrome}} 12,{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta12.php |title=Jasta 12 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |accessdate=17 December 2015}} 14{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta14.php |title=Jasta 14 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |accessdate=17 December 2015}} and 15{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta15.php |title=Jasta 15 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |accessdate=17 December 2015}}{{better source needed|date=February 2022|reason=theaerodrome.com is considered generally unreliable}} were established in the Imperial German Flying Corps. The aggressive tactics of the 9th squadron during World War I became the model for the Luftwaffe in World War II.{{cite book |first1=Norman |last1=Franks |author-link1=Norman Franks |first2=Frank W. |last2=Bailey |first3=Russell F. |last3=Guest |title=Above The Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service, and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918 |url=https://archive.org/details/abovelines00fran |url-access=limited |location=London, UK |publisher=Grub Street |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-948817-73-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/abovelines00fran/page/n18 33]}} The 11th squadron gained notoriety in the following year when Manfred von Richthofen, better known as The Red Baron, became its squadron leader.{{Cite book|last= Kilduff|first=Peter|title=The Red Baron Combat Wing: Jagdgeschwader Richthofen in Battle |publisher = Arms and Armour|date=1997|isbn = 1854092669|oclc=38423201|page=60}}
  • Born:
  • Peter Finch, British-Australian actor, recipient of the Academy Award for Best Actor for ''Network'; as Frederick George Peter Ingle Finch, in London, England (d. 1977){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Arthur Cockfield, British noble and politician, served as Secretary of State for Trade from 1982 to 1983; as Francis Arthur Cockfield, in Horsham, England (d. 2007){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Olga Lepeshinskaya, Ukrainian ballet dancer, prima ballerina for Bolshoi Ballet, recipient People's Artist of the USSR; in Kiev, Russian Empire (present-day Kyiv, Ukraine) (d. 2008){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Stanley Orr, British fighter pilot, highest-scoring fighter ace for the Royal Navy during World War II with 17 confirmed kills, recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross; in London, England (d. 2003){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 29]], 1916 (Friday)

  • Flămânda Offensive – The Romanian Second Army was ordered to concentrate on attacking German forces under command of August von Mackensen near Oltenița, Romania.{{cite book| title= Encyclopedia of World War I | url= https://archive.org/details/worldwariistuden00tuck | url-access= limited |first1=Spencer |last1=Tucker |first2=Priscilla Mary |last2=Roberts |publisher= ABC-CLIO |year= 2005 |isbn= 1-85109-420-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldwariistuden00tuck/page/n474 418]}}
  • Born: Carl Giles, English cartoonist, best known for his cartoon work with the British tabloid Daily Express; as Ronald Giles, in London, England (d. 1995){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

[[September 30]], 1916 (Saturday)

  • Arab Revolt – The revolt against the Ottoman Empire proved very successful after four months of fighting thanks to support of the Royal Navy, including the capture of coastal ports of Rabigh, Yanbu, and Qunfida with 6,000 Ottoman prisoners of war.{{cite book|last1=Parnell|first1=Charles L.|title=Lawrence of Arabia's Debt to Seapower|date=August 1979|publisher=United States Naval Institute Proceedings|page=75}}
  • Battle of Kaymakchalan – Serbian forces took final control of the Prophet Ilia peak of the Kajmakčalan mountain in Macedonia, ending the battle at enormous cost. Serbia had 4,643 killed and approximately 6,000 wounded while Bulgaria had 1,927 killed and 6,067 wounded.{{cite book |first1=Dusan |last1=Batakovic |first2=Ljubomir |last2=Mihailović |title=Histoire du peuple serbe |year=2005 |page=259}}{{publisher needed|date=February 2025}}{{cite book |author-link=Andrej Mitrović |first=Andrej |last=Mitrović |title=Serbia's Great War, 1914-1918 |year=2007 |page=165}}{{publisher needed|date=February 2025}}{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Hall |title=Balkan Breakthrough: The Battle of Dobro Pole 1918 |year=2010 |page=75}}{{publisher needed|date=February 2025}}
  • Romanian campaign – German submarine SM UB-42 fired on Romanian torpedo boat Smeul but missed, allowing the warship to counterattack and damage the submarine.Constantin Cumpănă, Corina Apostoleanu, Amintiri despre o flota pierduta – vol. II – Voiaje neterminate, 2011, Telegraf AdvertisingRevista de istorie, Volume 40, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1987, pp. 681-682[http://www.ligamilitarilor.ro/activitati/torpilorul-smeul-simbol-al-eroismului-romanilor/ Torpilorul SMEUL – un simbol al eroismului românilor]
  • Construction on the Hell Gate Bridge in New York City was completed.{{Structurae|id=20000036|title=Hell Gate Bridge}}
  • Born: Richard K. Guy, British mathematician and author, leading researcher on numbers theory, co-author of Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays and Unsolved Problems in Number Theory; as Richard Kenneth Guy, in Nuneaton, England (d. 2020){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

References

{{reflist|2}}

{{Events by month links}}

1916

*1916-09