Shiraz#Early Islamic era

File:Shiraz from space.jpg Chris Hadfield from the ISS on 20 March 2013 (1392 Nowruz)National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2013.]]

The earliest reference to the city is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE, found in June 1970, while digging to make a kiln for a brick factory in the south western corner of the city. The tablets written in ancient Elamite name a city called Tiraziš.Cameron, George G. Persepolis Treasury Tablets, University of Chicago Press, 1948, pp. 115. Phonetically, this is interpreted as /tiračis/ or /ćiračis/. This name became Old Persian /širājiš/; through regular sound change comes the modern Persian name Shirāz. The name Shiraz also appears on clay sealings found at a 2nd-century CE Sassanid ruin, east of the city. By some of the native writers, the name Shiraz has derived from a son of Tahmuras, the third Shāh (King) of the world according to Ferdowsi's Shāhnāma.{{cite book|last=Conder|first=Josiah|title=Persia and China|publisher=Printed for J. Duncan|year=1827 |page= 339}}

{{Main|History of Shiraz|Timeline of Shiraz}}

Though, there is no definitive record of its existence prior to the late 7th century CE, few archaeological finds dating from 1933 and beyond indicate that the site or vicinity of Shiraz was likely settled in the pre-Islamic era as early as the 6th century BCE.Berney and Ring, p. 644. A number of Achaemenid and Sasanian-era remains have been discovered around the city, including reliefs at Barm-e Delak to the east and Guyim to the northwest, and ruins of Sasanian fortresses at Qasr-e Abu Nasr to the east and Fahandezh.Limbert, pp. 4–5. The latter is identified with the fortress of Shahmobad mentioned as being in Shiraz by the 10th-century geographical work, Hudud al-'alam. the Sasanian and early Islamic-era clay seals found at Qasr-e-Abu Nasr mention the name "Shiraz" alongside the name of the Sasanian administrative district of the area, Ardashir-Khwarrah.Limbert, p. 5. According to the diplomat and academic John Limbert, this indicates that the name "Shiraz" is traced back to the Elamite "Shirrazish" and that both refer to a settlement that existed at the site of Qasr-e-Abu Nasr.

Interpretations of what type of settlement ancient Shiraz was vary. According to Berney and Ring, the lack of references to Shiraz in early Persian sources suggests the city could not have been more than a way-station in the plain in which it lies. On the other hand, according to Abdolmajed Arfaee, Achaemenid-era Shiraz must have been one of the most important settlements in the area.{{cite book |last1=Arfaee |first1=Abdolmajid |author1-link=Abdul Majid Arfaei |title=The Geographical Background of the Persepolis Tablets |date=2008 |publisher=University of Chicago |location=Chicago |pages=29–33 |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/142c3a3a61b1cf0a4710fd1dd240b728/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750}} He bases this on its frequent appearance in the Persepolis Administrative Archives (84 different tablets) as well as the number of workers present – in groups as large as 490. Most textual references to Shiraz involve rations for workers; it is never mentioned as a travel destination. Arfaee says that Sasanian Shiraz was relatively insignificant before its re-foundation in the early Islamic period. According to John Limbert,{{Cite web |title=John Limbert |url=https://www.mei.edu/profile/john-limbert |access-date=2024-03-02 |publisher=Middle East Institute |language=en}} however, Shiraz prospered between the 6th and 8th-centuries CE and was possibly the administrative center for the Shiraz plain until the modern city of Shiraz was founded.Limbert, pp. 5–6.

Shiraz was founded or restored in 693 by Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi, the brother of the Umayyad viceroy of the eastern half of the caliphate, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, or the latter's kinsman Muhammad ibn Qasim.Lambton, p. 472.Limbert, p. 4. The Arab Muslim army had conquered the wider region of Fars, where the site of Shiraz is located, in several expeditions launched from their garrison town of Basra between 640 and 653, and specifically captured the immediate area around Shiraz early on, in 641. This area did not possess any cities, though there were a number of forts which were forced to pay tribute to the Arabs.Limbert, p. 6. The Sasanians held firm in Istakhr, their capital in Fars, until the Arabs captured it in a heavy battle in 653, during which the plain of Shiraz had been utilized as an Arab campground. Because of Istakhr's deep association with the Sasanian Empire and the Zoroastrian religion, the Arabs sought to establish in nearby Shiraz a rival cultural and administrative center. Thus, during its initial founding in 693, the city was planned to be much larger than Isfahan. However, the initial ambitions were not realized and Shiraz remained a "provincial backwater" in the shadow of Istakhr until at least the late 9th century, according to Limbert. This is partly attributed to the reticence of the largely Zoroastrian population of Fars to inhabit the Islamic Arab city. As the population gradually shifted to Islam from Zoroastrianism and Istakhr concurrently declined, Shiraz grew into the practical center of Fars.

According to Muslim traditional sources, Shiraz was used as a hideout by three of the brothers of the Shia Muslim imam Ali al-Ridha following the latter's death in 817/18 and later by one of the brothers' sons, Ali ibn Hamza ibn Musa, until he was found and executed by the Abbasid authorities in {{Circa|835}}.Limbert, pp. 6–7. As Abbasid authority waned during this period, regional dynasties emerged with considerable autonomy. In the late 9th century, the Iranian Muslim Saffarid dynasty under Ya'qub ibn al-Layth made Shiraz the capital of their autonomous state, which encompassed most of modern-day Iran.Lambton, p. 473. In 894, Ya'qub's brother and successor, Amr, founded the city's first congregational mosque, today known as the Atigh Jame' Mosque.Limbert, pp. 6–8.

The Iranian Buyid dynasty under Imad al-Dawla Ali ibn Buya ousted the Saffarids in 933 and his nephew and successor, 'Adud al-Dawla Fana Khusraw, took over and ruled Fars between 949 and 983, and added Iraq, the seat of the Abbasid Caliphate, to his Shiraz-based domains in 977; the Abbasids thenceforth became a puppet state of the Shiraz-based dynasty. Shiraz developed into the largest and most prosperous city of Fars and an important economic and cultural center of the caliphate.Limbert, p. 9. Adud al-Dawla had a large library, a hospital and several mosques, bazaars, caravanserais, palaces and gardens built in the city, while south of it he erected a fortified camp for his troops, known as Kard Fana Khusraw, in 974. One of the congregational mosques built by Adud al-Dawla has survived until the present day. Two Zoroastrian fire temples also existed in Shiraz, catering to the Persians who had not converted to Islam. One of Adud al-Dawla's palaces stretched out for nearly three miles and consisted of 360 rooms.

Under the Buyids, Shiraz was divided into twelve quarters and had eight gates. It owed its economic prosperity to the booming agricultural trade of Fars. The city largely consumed the agricultural products of the province, including grapes, linen, wool, cotton, collyrium, rose, violet and palm-blossom water. It was also a market for rug weavers and painters to sell their pricey products, a testament to the residents' wealth. At the time, wine, grains, gold and silver were exported from the Farsi port cities of Siraf and Najairam. Adud al-Dawla patronized scientific, medical and Islamic religious research in Shiraz.

The city was spared destruction by the invading Mongols, when its local ruler offered tributes and submission to Genghis Khan. Shiraz was again spared by Tamerlane, when in 1382 the local monarch, Shah Shoja agreed to submit to the invader.{{cite web|url=http://www.shirazcity.org/shiraz/Shiraz%20Information/shiraz_history/History%20e.htm|title=History of Shiraz|access-date=31 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206151708/http://www.shirazcity.org/shiraz/Shiraz%20Information/shiraz_history/History%20e.htm|archive-date=6 February 2008|url-status=dead}} In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, thanks to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. For this reason the city was named by classical geographers Dar al-'Elm, the House of Knowledge.{{cite web|url=http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/730.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926123319/http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/730.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-26 |url-status=live|title=(pdf file)|access-date=5 May 2011}} Among the Iranian poets, mystics and philosophers born in Shiraz were the poets Sa'di[http://www.iranchamber.com/literature/saadi/saadi.php Persian Language & Literature: Saadi Shirazi, Sheikh Mosleh al-Din]. Iran Chamber Society. and Hafiz,{{cite encyclopedia|last=Khorramshahi|first=Bahaʾ-al-Din|year=2002|title=Hafez II: Life and Times|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hafez-ii|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|access-date=25 July 2010}} the mystic Ruzbehan, and the philosopher Mulla Sadra.Rizvi, Sajjad (2002), Reconsidering the life of Mulla Sadra Shirazi, Pembroke College, pp. 181 Thus Shiraz has been nicknamed "The Athens of Iran".{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2005/nov/03/features11.g22|location=London|work=The Guardian|title=List of the day|date=3 November 2005}}

As early as the 11th century, several hundred thousand people inhabited Shiraz.{{Cite web|url=http://www.biochemiran.com/congress9/page.php?slct_pg_id=93&sid=1&slc_lang=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226201639/http://www.biochemiran.com/congress9/page.php?slct_pg_id=93&sid=1&slc_lang=en|url-status=dead|title="Shiraz, Iran"|archive-date=26 December 2007}} In the 14th century Shiraz had sixty thousand inhabitants.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x5-voc6nzmkC&q=shiraz+economy&pg=PA74|title=Shiraz in the age of Hafez: the glory of a medieval Persian city|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=2004|author=John W. Limbert|isbn=978-0-295-98391-2|access-date=5 May 2011}} During the 16th century it had a population of 200,000 people, which by the mid-18th century had decreased to only 55,000.

File:HG7 5639.jpg|The shrine of Shah Cheragh houses the remains of Sayyid Ahmad, son of Imam Musa al-Kazim

File:Masjed (20975400379).jpg|Tomb of Seyed Alaeddin Husayn, brother of Sayyid Ahmad nearby

File:Imamzadeh-ye Ali Ebn-e Hamze (Shiraz) 001.jpg|Imamzadeh Ali ibn Hamzah, nephew of Shah Cheragh and Imam Reza.{{cite book |publisher=Lonely Planet |title=Iran |year=2013 |page=211 |isbn=978-8-8663-9974-2}}{{cite web |language=en |author=Nic Dark |url=http://www.irantourismcenter.com/?page_id=6752 |title=Ali Ebn-e Hamze Mosque-Travel to Iran/ |publisher=Iran Tourism Center |access-date=2016-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116020536/http://www.irantourismcenter.com/?page_id=6752 |archive-date=2016-11-16 |url-status=dead}}

File:76 Chardin Shiraz.jpg in 1670s while he was travelling through the Safavid empire]]

In 1504, Shiraz was captured by the forces of Ismail I, the founder of the Safavid Eynasty. Throughout the Safavid empire (1501–1722) Shiraz remained a provincial capital and Emam Qoli Khan, the governor of Fars under Abbas the Great, constructed many palaces and ornate buildings in the same style as those built during the same period in Isfahan, the capital of the Empire. After the fall of the Safavids, Shiraz suffered a period of decline, worsened by the raids of the Afghans and the rebellion of its governor against Nader Shah; the latter sent troops to suppress the revolt. The city was besieged for many months and eventually sacked. At the time of Nader Shah's murder in 1747, most of the historical buildings of the city were damaged or ruined, and its population fell to 50,000, one-quarter of that during the 16th century.

Shiraz soon returned to prosperity under the rule of Karim Khan Zand, who made it his capital in 1762. Employing more than 12,000 workers, he constructed a royal district with a fortress, many administrative buildings, a mosque, and one of the finest covered bazaars in Iran. He had a moat built around the city, constructed an irrigation and drainage system, and rebuilt the city walls. However, Karim Khan's heirs failed to secure his gains. When Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of the Qajar dynasty, eventually came to power, he wreaked his revenge on Shiraz by destroying the city's fortifications and moving the national capital to Tehran. Although lowered to the rank of a provincial capital, Shiraz maintained a level of prosperity as a result of the continuing importance of the trade route to the Persian Gulf. Its governorship was a royal prerogative throughout the Qajar dynasty. Many of the famous gardens, buildings and residences built during this time contribute to the city's present skyline.

Shiraz is the birthplace of the co-founder of the Baháʼí Faith, the Báb (Siyyid 'Ali-Muhammad, 1819–1850). In this city, on the evening of 22 May 1844, he first declared his mission as the bearer of a new divine revelation.{{cite encyclopedia|author=Browne, E.G.|title=Babism|encyclopedia=Religious Systems of the World: A Contribution to the Study of Comparative Religion|pages=333–53|publisher=Swann Sonnenschein|location=London|year=1890|url=http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/diglib/articles/A-E/browne/brbabism.htm|access-date=21 February 2007}} For this reason Shiraz is a holy city for Baháʼís, and the city, particularly the house of the Báb, was identified as a place of pilgrimage.{{cite encyclopedia|last=Smith|first=Peter|encyclopedia=A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith|title=Shiraz: the House of the Báb|year=2000|publisher=Oneworld Publications|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-85168-184-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/314 314]|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000smit/page/314}} Due to the hostile climate towards Baháʼís in Iran, the house has been the target of repeated attacks; the house was destroyed in 1979, to be paved over two years later and made into a public square.

In 1910, a pogrom of the Jewish quarter started after false rumours that the Jews had ritually murdered a Muslim girl. In the course of the riots, 12 Jews were murdered and about 50 were injured, and the 6,000 Jews of Shiraz were robbed of all their possessions.{{Cite book|author=Littman|date=1979|pages=12, 14|title=Jews Under Muslim Rule: The Case of Persia}}

During the Pahlavi dynasty, Shiraz became the center of attention again. Many important landmarks like Tombs of Poets' such as Sa'di and Hafiz, were constructed and presented to the public.

Lacking any great industrial, religious or strategic importance, Shiraz became an administrative center, although its population has nevertheless grown considerably since the Iranian Revolution.{{cite web|author=Clint Lucas|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/iran/shiraz/history|title=Shiraz History – Shiraz Travel Guide|publisher=Lonely Planet|date=29 April 2011|access-date=5 May 2011|archive-date=13 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913160141/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/iran/shiraz/history|url-status=dead}}

{{Clear}}

File:Shiraz en 1671 André Daulier Deslandes.jpg|Shiraz, André D. Deslandes, 1671

File:La ville de Sieras en Perse.jpg|Shiraz, Jean Struys, 1681

File:Lotf Ali Khan.jpg|Lotf Ali Khan (1769–1794), ruler of the Zand dynasty

File:Bazar Shiraz as seen by Jane Dieulafoy, 1881.jpg|Illustration of the Vakil Bazaar by Jane Dieulafoy, 1881

File:Women from Shiraz as seen by Jane Dieulafoy in 1881.jpg|Women from Shiraz, by Dieulafoy in 1881

File:Harold f Weston - Iran23.jpg|Qur'an Gate, Harold F. Weston, 20th century painting

File:Narenjestan qavam pic by erfan hosseinpour.jpg

The city's municipality and other related institutions have initiated restoration and reconstruction projects.

Some of the most recent projects have been the complete restoration of the Arg of Karim Khan and of the Vakil Bath, as well as a comprehensive plan for the preservation of the old city quarters. Other noteworthy initiatives include the total renovation of the Qur'an Gate and the mausoleum of the poet Khwaju Kermani, both located in the Allah-u-Akbar Gorge, as well as the restoration and expansion of the mausoleum of the famous Shiraz-born poets Hafiz and Saadi.

Several different construction projects are currently underway that will modernize the city's infrastructure.{{clarify|date=September 2017}}{{cite web |url=http://www.shiraz1400.com/ |title=شیراز ۱۴۰۰، شیراز پایتخت فرهنگی ایران | پایگاه اطلاع رسانی شیراز ۱۴۰۰ |publisher=Shiraz1400.com |access-date=17 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731191817/http://shiraz1400.com/ |archive-date=31 July 2013}}

The majority of the population are Persian.{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Iran.html|title=Iran – City Population – Cities, Towns & Provinces – Statistics & Map|publisher=Citypopulation.de|date=3 November 2010|access-date=5 May 2011}} Most of the population of Shiraz are Muslim. Shiraz also was home to a 20,000-strong Jewish community, although most emigrated to the United States and Israel in the latter half of the 20th century.{{cite news|url=http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article273178.ece|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712194617/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/article273178.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2012|work=The Independent|location=London|title=Jews accused of spying are pawns in Iran power struggle|first=Justin |last=Huggler|date=4 June 2000|access-date=23 May 2010}} Along with Tehran and Isfahan, Shiraz is one of the handful of Iranian cities with a sizable Jewish population and more than one active synagogue. Shiraz also has a significant Baháʼí Faith population, the largest in the country after Tehran. There are currently two functioning churches in Shiraz, one Armenian and the other Anglican.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,,1674164,00.html|work=The Guardian|location=London|title=Bearing the cross|first=Robert|last=Tait|date=27 December 2005|access-date=23 May 2010}}{{cite web|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/monuments/historical_churches_iran.php|title=Iranian Monuments: Historical Churches in Iran|publisher=Iranchamber.com|access-date=5 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605042641/http://www.iranchamber.com/monuments/historical_churches_iran.php|archive-date=2011-06-05|url-status=dead}}{{clear}}

{{Historical populations|percentages = pagr |1986| 848,289|1991|965,117|1996|1,053,025 |2006|1,227,331 |2011|1,460,665|align=right|footnote=source:{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/iran/cities/|title=Iran: Provinces, Major Cities & Towns – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|website=citypopulation.de}}|2016|1,565,572}}

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 1,204,882 in 265,637 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Fars Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/07.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920091830/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/07.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 1,460,665 people in 416,141 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Fars Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Fars.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116202002/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Fars.xls|archive-date=16 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 1,565,572 people in 477,916 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Fars Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_07.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406013432/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_07.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=6 April 2022}}

File:Shiraz Gardens.jpg

The city of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, is located at 52 degrees 32 minutes east longitude and 29 degrees 36 minutes north latitude, and is 919 kilometers from Tehran. In the first official census of Iran in 1335, the city of Shiraz with a population of 170,659 people was the sixth most populous city in Iran. Shiraz is located in the south of Iran and the northwest of Fars province. It is built in a green plain at the foot of the Zagros Mountains {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level. Shiraz is {{convert|800|km|mi}} south of Tehran.{{cite web|url=http://landofaryan.tripod.com/shiraz.htm|title=Shiraz|publisher=Landofaryan.tripod.com|access-date=5 May 2011}}

A seasonal river, Dry River, flows through the northern part of the city and on into Maharloo Lake.{{Cite web|title=Shiraz – Iran Observe|url=https://iranobserve.com/destinations/shiraz/|access-date=2022-02-02|language=en-US}} As of 1920, the area had a large forest of oak trees.{{cite book|last=Sykes|first=Percy|title=A History of Persia|year=1921|publisher=Macmillan and Company|location=London|page=75|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7307/view/1/75/}}

Shiraz contains a considerable number of gardens. Due to population growth in the city, many of these gardens may be lost to give way to new developments.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} Although some measures have been taken by the Municipality to preserve these gardens, many illegal developments still endanger them.{{Clarify|reason=|date=June 2020}}

File:Sunset in Shiraz.JPG in the background]]

Shiraz's climate has distinct seasons, and is overall classed as a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh, bordering BSk). Summers are hot, with a July average high of {{convert|38.7|C|F|1}}. Winters are cool, with average low temperatures below freezing in January. Around {{convert|320|mm|0|abbr=on}} of rain falls each year, almost entirely in the winter months, though in some cases as much as this has fallen in a single month (as in January 1965 and December 2004),{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/25.asp |title=Shiraz rainfalls 1951 to 2005 |access-date=9 February 2013 |archive-date=16 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216014915/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/25.asp |url-status=dead }} whilst in the year from July 1965 to June 1966 as little as {{convert|82.9|mm|in|1}} fell. The wettest year has been 1955/1956 with as much as {{convert|857.2|mm|in}}, though since 1959 the highest has been around {{convert|590|mm|in|1}} in each of 1995/1996 and 2004/2005. Due to Shiraz' high elevation and low latitude, the UV index is extremely high during summer which is further exacerbated by the high frequency of sunshine.

Despite being in a relatively dry climate, extreme weather is not a rare occasion. On 25 March 2019, flash floods from heavy rains has resulted in 19 deaths and over 200 injuries.

The highest record temperature was {{convert|43.4|°C}} on 3 July 2022{{cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/7.asp |title=Highest record temperature in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010 |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414141122/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/7.asp |url-status=dead}} and the lowest record temperature was {{convert|-14.0|°C}} on 5 January 1973.{{cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/6.asp |title=Lowest record temperature in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010 |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414134615/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/6.asp |url-status=dead}}

{{Weather box

|width=auto

|location = Shiraz, altitude: 1488 m (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951-2020){{efn|Rainy days calculated using parameter codes 46 and 71 from the first source}}

|metric first=yes

|single line=yes

|Jan record high C = 23.4

|Feb record high C = 25.6

|Mar record high C = 30.8

|Apr record high C = 34.0

|May record high C = 39.0

|Jun record high C = 42.8

|Jul record high C = 43.5

|Aug record high C = 42.8

|Sep record high C = 39.2

|Oct record high C = 35.0

|Nov record high C = 28.6

|Dec record high C = 24.2

|year record high C =

|Jan high C = 12.9

|Feb high C = 15.6

|Mar high C = 19.6

|Apr high C = 25.0

|May high C = 31.3

|Jun high C = 36.7

|Jul high C = 38.7

|Aug high C = 37.7

|Sep high C = 34.3

|Oct high C = 28.4

|Nov high C = 20.3

|Dec high C = 15.3

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 6.1

|Feb mean C = 8.7

|Mar mean C = 12.4

|Apr mean C = 17.5

|May mean C = 23.6

|Jun mean C = 28.6

|Jul mean C = 30.8

|Aug mean C = 29.5

|Sep mean C = 25.5

|Oct mean C = 19.6

|Nov mean C = 12.3

|Dec mean C = 7.8

|year mean C =

|Jan low C =-0.2

|Feb low C = 1.9

|Mar low C = 4.9

|Apr low C = 9.3

|May low C = 14.0

|Jun low C = 17.8

|Jul low C = 20.6

|Aug low C = 19.4

|Sep low C = 15.1

|Oct low C = 10.0

|Nov low C = 4.6

|Dec low C = 1.1

|year low C =

|Jan record low C = -14.0

|Feb record low C = -8.1

|Mar record low C = -4.3

|Apr record low C = -2.0

|May record low C = 3.0

|Jun record low C = 8.1

|Jul record low C = 14.0

|Aug record low C = 12.0

|Sep record low C = 1.0

|Oct record low C = 1.6

|Nov record low C = -8.0

|Dec record low C = -11.0

|year record low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 79.0

|Feb precipitation mm = 53.6

|Mar precipitation mm = 52.0

|Apr precipitation mm = 26.0

|May precipitation mm = 5.8

|Jun precipitation mm = 0.2

|Jul precipitation mm = 0.4

|Aug precipitation mm = 1.4

|Sep precipitation mm = 0.0

|Oct precipitation mm = 4.0

|Nov precipitation mm = 37.8

|Dec precipitation mm = 64.1

|year precipitation mm =

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| precip days colour =

| Jan precipitation days =6.3

| Feb precipitation days =5.4

| Mar precipitation days =5.1

| Apr precipitation days =3.3

| May precipitation days =1.3

| Jun precipitation days =0.1

| Jul precipitation days =0.2

| Aug precipitation days =0.2

| Sep precipitation days =0

| Oct precipitation days =0.8

| Nov precipitation days =3.3

| Dec precipitation days =4.7

| year precipitation days =

|Jan rain days = 9.5

|Feb rain days = 9.2

|Mar rain days = 9.2

|Apr rain days = 5.9

|May rain days = 1.9

|Jun rain days = 0.3

|Jul rain days = 0.5

|Aug rain days = 0.3

|Sep rain days = 0.1

|Oct rain days = 1.3

|Nov rain days = 5.8

|Dec rain days = 7.6

|year rain days =

|Jan snow days = 1.5

|Feb snow days = 0.6

|Mar snow days = 0.0

|Apr snow days = 0.0

|May snow days = 0.0

|Jun snow days = 0.0

|Jul snow days = 0.0

|Aug snow days = 0.0

|Sep snow days = 0.0

|Oct snow days = 0.0

|Nov snow days = 0.0

|Dec snow days = 0.6

|year snow days =

|Jan humidity = 59

|Feb humidity = 52

|Mar humidity = 46

|Apr humidity = 41

|May humidity = 28

|Jun humidity = 20

|Jul humidity = 21

|Aug humidity = 23

|Sep humidity = 25

|Oct humidity = 32

|Nov humidity = 49

|Dec humidity = 58

|year humidity =

| Jan dew point C =-2.1

| Feb dew point C =-1.7

| Mar dew point C =-0.2

| Apr dew point C =2.5

| May dew point C =2.2

| Jun dew point C =1.7

| Jul dew point C =4.9

| Aug dew point C =4.7

| Sep dew point C =2.4

| Oct dew point C =0.9

| Nov dew point C =0.4

| Dec dew point C =-0.8

|Jan sun = 218

|Feb sun = 214

|Mar sun = 248

|Apr sun = 260

|May sun = 327

|Jun sun = 353

|Jul sun = 340

|Aug sun = 339

|Sep sun = 310

|Oct sun = 295

|Nov sun = 233

|Dec sun = 226

|year sun =

|source 1 = NOAA NCEI{{cite web |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Shiraz-40848 |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Shiraz_40848.csv |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=NOAA |access-date=17 March 2024 |format=CSV}}

|source 2 = Iran Meteorological Organization (records),

• {{cite web |url= http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/7.asp |title= Highest record temperature in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= 7 April 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150414135119/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/7.asp |archive-date= 14 April 2015 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}
• {{cite web |url= http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/6.asp |title= Lowest record temperature in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= 7 April 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150414140635/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/6.asp |archive-date= 14 April 2015 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }} (days with snow),{{cite web |url= http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/32.asp |title= No. of days with snow or sleet in Shiraz by Month 1951–2010 |publisher= Iran Meteorological Organization |access-date= 7 April 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150414131810/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/SHIRAZ/32.asp |archive-date= 14 April 2015 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}

}}

List of neighborhoods in Shiraz:

{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}

• Anjireh{{efn|The village was annexed in 2020{{cite report|title=Approval regarding the annexation of Anjireh village, Derak Rural District, Central District of Shiraz County, Fars province, to the city of Shiraz|language=fa|website=sdil.ac.ir|via=Shahr Danesh Legal Research Institute|url=https://sdil.ac.ir/مصوبات-هیئت-دولت-دهه-اول-شهریور-99/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031080145/https://sdil.ac.ir/مصوبات-هیئت-دولت-دهه-اول-شهریور-99/|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers|last=Jahangiri|first=Ishaq|archive-date=31 October 2020|date=15 September 2020|orig-date=Approved 26 May 1399|id=Proposal 113251; Notification 59323/T56948AH|access-date=30 January 2025}}}}
• Zargari
• Abivardi
• Farhang Shahr
• Qasrodasht
• Koshan
• Kuye Zahra
• Ma'ali Abad
• Molla Sadra
• Shahcheragh
• Riyasati Avval
• Riyasati Dovvom
• Shahrak-e-Golestan
• Shahrak-e-Sadra
• Tachara
• Zerehi
• Kolbeh Saadi
• Podonak
• Payegah
• Eram
• Bagh-e Nari (Narvan)
• Siahatgar BLVD
• Abiari Ave
• Artesh square (Army Square)
• Bridgestone
• Babakuhi
• Kuye Jamaran(siman)
• Baskul Nader
• Talkhedash
• Kaftarak
• Sare Dozak
• Chamran
• Sange Siah
• Amir Kabir Blvd
• Modares
• Dinakan
• Darvazeh Kazeron
• Darvaze Isfahan
• Bagh Safa
• Atlasi
• Derki

{{Div col end}}

• See also: Saadi Street

{{See also|Economy of Iran}}

Shiraz is the economic center of southern Iran. The second half of the 19th century witnessed certain economic developments that greatly changed the economy of Shiraz. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 allowed the extensive import into southern Iran of inexpensive European factory-made goods, either directly from Europe or via India.{{cite web|url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jrcole/bahai/2000/urbanbh2.htm|title=Religious Dissidence and Urban Leadership: Baha'is in Qajar Shiraz and Tehran|publisher=Personal.umich.edu|date=20 April 1968|access-date=5 May 2011}} Farmers in unprecedented numbers began planting cash crops such as opium poppy, tobacco, and cotton. Many of these export crops passed through Shiraz on their way to the Persian Gulf. Iranian long-distance merchants from Fars developed marketing networks for these commodities, establishing trading houses in Bombay, Calcutta, Port Said, Istanbul and even Hong Kong.

Shiraz's economic base is in its provincial products, which include grapes, citrus fruits, cotton and rice.{{cite web|author=Tore Kjeilen|url=http://www.i-cias.com/e.o/shiraz.htm|title=Shiraz|publisher=I-cias.com|date=26 September 2005|access-date=5 May 2011}} Industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries. 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz.{{cite web|url=http://arshksco.com/seez.htm|title=Projects – Shiraz Special Electronic Economic Zone|publisher=Arsh K S Co.|access-date=5 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707164111/http://arshksco.com/seez.htm|archive-date=7 July 2011}}

The Shiraz Special Economic Zone or the SEEZ was established in 2000 with the purpose of boosting manufacturing in electronics and communications.{{cite web |url=http://www.seez.freeservers.com/whats_new.html |title=Overview |work=Shiraz Special Economic Electronic Zone (SEEZ) |via=freeservers.com |access-date=17 October 2013}}{{cite web |url=http://www.kishtpc.com/Freetrade%20ZONES.htm |title=World Free Trade Zones |publisher=Kishtpc.com |access-date=5 May 2011 |archive-date=5 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505162021/http://www.kishtpc.com/Freetrade%20ZONES.htm |url-status=dead }}

File:Persian-Gulf-Shiraz.jpg]]

Shiraz is a major shopping destination in Iran and the Middle East, with more than 25 malls and 10 bazaars.

The Persian Gulf Complex, located at the north end of the city, is the largest mall in the world in terms of the number of shops.[http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-12907-iran-to-open-830m-fars-shopping-mall-in-shiraz/ Iran to open 830m Fars Shopping Centre], Construction Weekly Online

The city is served by Refah Chain Stores Co., Iran Hyper Star, Isfahan City Center, Shahrvand Chain Stores Inc., and Ofoq Kourosh chain store.

File:Shiraz Panorama 2023 - Photo By Mr. Hamid Hassas.jpg

File:Shiraz View.jpg

{{Main|Culture of Shiraz}}

Shiraz is known as the city of poets, gardens, wine, nightingales and flowers.{{cite web|url=http://www.iranchamber.com/cities/shiraz/shiraz.php|title=Iranian Cities: Shiraz|publisher=Iranchamber.com|access-date=5 May 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://www.asemangasht.com/Shiraz.htm|title=Shiraz|publisher=Asemangasht.com|access-date=5 May 2011}}

The garden is an important part of Iranian culture. There are many old gardens in Shiraz such as the Eram garden and the Afif abad garden. According to some people,{{who|date=July 2011}} Shiraz "disputes with Xeres [or Jerez] in Spain the honour of being the birthplace of sherry."Maclean, Fitzroy, Eastern Approaches. (1949). Reprint: The Reprint Society Ltd., London, 1951, p. 215 Shirazi wine originates from the city; however, under the current Islamic regime, liquor cannot be consumed except by religious minorities.{{Cite web|title=Shiraz City info (culture and lifestyle)|url=https://aboutshiraz.com/en/blog/230/shiraz-city-info-culture-and-lifestyle-|access-date=2020-11-16|website=aboutshiraz.com|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131235214/https://www.aboutshiraz.com/en/blog/230/shiraz-city-info-culture-and-lifestyle-|url-status=dead}}

Shiraz is proud of being mother land of Hafiz Shirazi. Shiraz is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Saadi, a 12th- and 13th-century poet was born in Shiraz. He left his native town at a young age for Baghdad to study Arabic literature and Islamic sciences at Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad. When he reappeared in his native Shiraz, he was an elderly man. Shiraz, under Atabak Abubakr Sa'd ibn Zangy (1231–1260) was enjoying an era of relative tranquility. Saadi was not only welcomed to the city but he was highly respected by the ruler and enumerated among the greats of the province. He seems to have spent the rest of his life in Shiraz. Hafiz, another famous poet and mystic was also born in Shiraz. A number of scientists also originate from Shiraz. Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, a 13th-century astronomer, mathematician, physician, physicist and scientist was from Shiraz. In his The Limit of Accomplishment concerning Knowledge of the Heavens, he also discussed the possibility of heliocentrism.A. Baker and L. Chapter (2002), "Part 4: The Sciences". In M. M. Sharif, "A History of Muslim Philosophy", Philosophia Islamica.

The city holds significant importance as a tourism destination in Iran, with its cultural heritage being globally recognized.{{Cite journal|last1=Butler|first1=Richard|last2=O'Gorman|first2=Kevin D.|last3=Prentice|first3=Richard|date=2012-07-01|title=Destination Appraisal for European Cultural Tourism to Iran|journal=International Journal of Tourism Research|volume=14|issue=4|pages=323–338|doi=10.1002/jtr.862|issn=1522-1970}} {{Clear}}

File:Darvazeghoran,_Iran_shiraz.jpg|The Qur'an Gate was a part of the great city wall built under the Buyid dynasty

File:Háfezova hrobka.jpg|Tomb of Hafez, in memory of the celebrated Persian poet Hafez

File:Delgosha Garden, Shiraz.jpg|Delgosha Garden

File:Ghavam Garden, Shiraz.jpg|Qavam House

File:Nasir al- mulk mosque, Shiraz.jpg|Nasirul-Molk Mosque

File:Afif-Abad Garden, Shiraz.jpg|Afif-Abad Garden (Arms Museum)

File:Eram Garden 94.jpg|Eram Garden

File:Shahpouri-House-in-Shiraz-Persia-Photo-by-Hossein-Amini.jpg|Shapouri House

File:Mausoleo de Saadi, Shiraz, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 02.jpg|Tomb of Saadi

File:Khwaju Kermani's tomb, Shiraz.jpg|Khwaju Kermani's tomb

• The tombs of Hafiz,{{cite web|url=http://www.kirasalak.com/Iran.html|title=National Geographic article about Iran|last=Salak|first=Kira|publisher=National Geographic Adventure}} Saadi, and Khaju e Kermani (whose tomb is inside a mountain above the city's Qur'an Gate). Other lesser known tombs are that of Shah Shoja' (the Mozafarid emir of Persia, and patron of Hafiz), and the Haft Tanan mausoleum, where seven Sufi mystics are buried. The Tomb of Baba Kuhi sits atop a mountain overlooking the city, and the tomb of Karim Khan Zand is at the Pars Museum of Shiraz.
• The oldest mosque is Atigh Jame' Mosque, followed by Vakil Mosque and Nasir al-Mulk mosque.
• The citadel of Arg of Karim Khan sits adjacent to the Vakil Bazaar and Vakil Bath at the city's central district.
• The Qur'an Gate is the entrance to Shiraz. It is located near the gorge of Allah-o-Akbar and is flanked by the Baba Kuhi and Chehel Maqam mountains. The gateway once contained two hand-written Qur'āns by Sultan Ibrahim Bin Shahrukh Gurekani in an upper room, which have now been moved to the Pars Museum.{{Cite web | url=https://surfiran.com/destination/shiraz/quran-gate-darvazeh-e-quran/ | title=Quran Gate (Darvazeh-e Quran)| date=2 December 2016}}
• The Eram Garden (Bagh-e Eram) in Shiraz is a location for visitors with a variety of plants as well as a mansion.

{{Clear}}

Pars Museum, Shiraz.jpg|Pars Museum

Atigh Mosque, Shiraz.jpg|Atigh Mosque

Luna Park, Shiraz.jpg|Luna Park

Jahan Nama Garden, Shiraz.jpg|Jahan Nama Garden

Saraye Moshir, Shiraz.jpg|Saraye Moshir

Ghavam ol Molk House, Shiraz.jpg|Ghavam ol Molk Mansion

Zinat ol Molk House, Shiraz.jpg|Zinat ol Molk Mansion

Saadat House, Shiraz.jpg|Saadat Mansion

Bazaar de Vakil, Shiraz, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 55.jpg|Vakil Bazaar

Vakil mosque Panorama.jpg|Vakil Mosque

Vakil water storage.jpg|Water Museum

Baños de Vakil, Shiraz, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 36-38 HDR.jpg|Vakil Bath

Stone Museum, Shiraz.jpg|Stone Museum

Madresyekhaan_(1).JPG|Khan School

• Margoon Waterfall is located in the Fars province of Iran near the city of Sepidan.
• Shapur cave is located in the Zagros Mountains, in southern Iran, about {{convert|6|km|abbr=off}} from the city of Bishapur.
• Sangtarashan cave is located in the Jahrom, in southern Iran.
• Palace of Ardashir, also known as the Atash-kadeh, is a castle located on the slopes of the mountain on which Dezh Dokhtar is situated. Built in AD 224 by King Ardashir I of the Sassanian Empire, it is located {{convert|2|km|spell=in|abbr=off}} north of the ancient city of Gor.
• Pooladkaf is a ski resort in the south of Iran. It opened in 2002.
• The Sarvestan Palace is a Sassanid-era building in the Iranian city of Sarvestan.
• Qal'eh Dokhtar, is a castle made by Ardashir I, in present-day Fars, Iran, in 209 AD.
• Maharloo Lake. Maharloo is a seasonal salt lake about an hour away from Shiraz, with a dominant pink hue because of the amount of red tide in it; however, the strength of the color differs in various times of the year. It is also known as the pink lake.{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitouriran.com/blog/maharloo-lake/|title=Maharloo Lake|date=25 December 2019 }}

{{Clear}}

Margoon_Waterfall_-_panoramio.jpg|Margoon Waterfall

Shapour_statue.jpg|Shapur cave

Gole ashk (2536129888).jpg|Plain of Fritillaria imperialis, Sepidan County

Pooladkaf Ski Resort.jpg|Pooladkaf Ski Resort

Sarvestan_Palace_4.jpg|Sassanid Palace at Sarvestan

Ghaledokhtar Firuzabad Fars.jpg|Qal'eh Dokhtar

Shiraz is home to a vibrant academic community. The Shiraz University of Medical Sciences was the first university in Shiraz and was founded in 1946. Much older is the august Madrasa-e-Khan, or Khan Theological School, with about 600 students; its tile-covered buildings date from 1627.{{cite web|url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=10327|title=Khan Mosque and Madrasa|publisher=Archnet.org|access-date=5 May 2011|archive-date=4 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604194807/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=10327|url-status=dead}}

Today Shiraz University is the largest university in the province, and one of Iran's best academic centers. Other major universities in or nearby Shiraz are the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz,{{cite web |url=http://www.iaushiraz.ac.ir/ |title=iaushiraz.ac.ir |publisher=iaushiraz.ac.ir |access-date=17 October 2013 |archive-date=17 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017171548/http://www.iaushiraz.ac.ir/ |url-status=dead }} Shiraz University of Technology, and Shiraz University of Applied Science and Technology.{{cite web |url=http://www.shirazjju.ac.ir/ |title=shirazjju.ac.ir |publisher=shirazjju.ac.ir |access-date=17 October 2013 |archive-date=17 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017145648/http://www.shirazjju.ac.ir/ |url-status=dead }}

The Shiraz Regional Library of Science and Technology is a provincial library serving the public.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Virtual University of Shiraz is one of the sub colleges of Shiraz University.

File:Iran Air Airbus A320 Talebzadeh.jpg Airbus A320 approaching Shiraz International Airport (2011)]]

Shiraz International Airport, also known as Shiraz Shahid Dastgheib International Airport, serves as the largest airport in southern Iran.

{{main|Shiraz Metro}}

File:Vakil Roaya Metro Station 1399060617504232121062774.jpg]]

Construction of a metro system was started in 2001 by the Shiraz Urban Railway Organization.{{cite web | url=http://onenewsbox.com/2020/08/28/inauguration-of-one-of-the-most-beautiful-metro-stations-in-iran/ | title=Inauguration of one of the most beautiful metro stations in Shiraz }} The plan is to create six lines.{{cite web | url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/people/97269/how-to-ride-shiraz-metro | title=How to Ride Shiraz Metro | date=21 March 2019 }} The length of the first Line is {{convert|22.4|km|1|abbr=on}}, the length of the second line will be approximately {{convert|14|km|1|abbr=on}}.{{cite web | url=https://teamgroup.it/project/shiraz-metro-line-2-iran/ | title=Shiraz Metro Line 2 – Iran }}

The first three lines, when completed, will have 32 stations below ground, six above, and one special station connected to the railway station. The first line was started in October 2014{{cite web | url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/shiraz-metro-line-1-opens/40101.article | title=Shiraz metro Line 1 opens }} between Shahid Dastgheib (airport) Metro Station and Ehsan stations.

File:ناوگان اتوبوسرانی شیراز (4).jpg's third Bus rapid transit.]]

The Shiraz and suburbs bus organization was established in 1966. In that year, the company purchased 10 buses from the Iran National Company using both cash and installments. The company had a staff of 10 drivers, 40 assistant drivers, 50 ticket sellers, and 10 repairmen and inspectors. The daily salary of each full-time driver (6 am to 10 pm) was set at 160 rials, while assistant drivers and ticket sellers were set at 83 rials. With the purchased buses, the company launched lines one, two, and three, which were welcomed by the people. Now Shiraz has 71 bus lines.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}{{Cite journal |title=Bus route evaluation using a two-stage hybrid model of fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS |journal=Journal of Transport Literature |date=July 2013 |volume=7 |issue=3 |url=https://trid.trb.org/view/1259625|last1=Soltani |first1=Ali |last2=Marandi |first2=Ebrahim Zargari |last3=Ivaki |first3=Yousef Esmaili |pages=34–58 |doi=10.1590/S2238-10312013000300003 |doi-access=free }}

File:Shiraz Train Station.jpg

Shiraz is connected with the rest of Iran's railway network. The trains arrive and leave from Shiraz railway station, Iran's largest railway station according to surface area.{{cite web |url=http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?id=1204843&type=1&year=1390&month=8&day=25 |title=بزرگ ترين ايستگاه راه آهن کشور در شيراز افتتاح شد |language=fa |access-date=2011-12-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117064705/http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=1&year=1390&month=8&day=25&id=1204843 |archive-date=17 January 2012}}

File:Shiraz 2020 (18).jpg

There are 700,000 cars in the city of Shiraz.{{cite web|url=http://www.khabarads.ir/jonoob/Jshau.php?View=06-91.1.23.jpg |title=روزنامه خبر جنوب :: نیازمندیهای خبر جنوب |publisher=Khabarads.ir |access-date=17 October 2013}}

• Road 63
• Road 93

{{Shiraz Transport Network}}

{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}

File:Pars Stadium Photos Image 6.jpg]]

File:2016 Summer Olympics, Greco-Roman Wrestling 81 kg - Shmagi Bolkvadze v Omid Norouzi.jpg. 2012 Olympic gold medalist.|right]]

Football is the most popular sport in Shiraz and the city has teams in this sport. The main sporting venue in Shiraz is Hafezieh Stadium which can hold up to 20,000 people. Shiraz is also home to another stadium, Pars Stadium, which was completed in 2017, and can host up to 50,000 spectators.

File:Hafez statute at Tehran's Hafez street.jpg

File:Shirazsaadi.jpg

File:Ghotb2.jpg

• Absh Khatun, 13th-century ruler
• Karim Khan, the ruler and de facto Shah of Iran from 1760 until 1779. He made Shiraz his capital.
• Valerie Jarrett, senior advisor to United States President Barack Obama, born in Shiraz to African-American parents.
• Kamran Bagheri. He was Iran's Minister of Health and Medical Education.
• Jimmy Delshad, 67th and 70th Mayor of Beverly Hills

File:Karim Khan painting by Muhammad Sadiq.jpg

• Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi. He lived during the Fatimid Caliphate and was considered one of the most learned scholars of that time, known as an author of Islamic books, a poet, and scientist.
• Mulla Sadra, Islamic philosopher and theologian who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century
• Siyyid 'Alí Muḥammad Shírází, the founder of Bábism, and one of three central figures of the Baháʼí Faith

• Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th-century Iranian poet and scholar
• Sibawayh, linguist and grammarian of the Arabic language
• Firouz Naderi (1946–2023), scientist and currently the Director for Solar System Exploration at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
• Gholam A. Peyman (born 1937), inventor of LASIK
• Ali Asghar Khodadoust (1935–2018), Professor of Ophthalmology, originator of the Khodadoust line method
• M. Hashem Pesaran (born 1946), Iranian Economist, emeritus professor of economics at University of Cambridge

• Saadi, poet of the medieval period
• Hafez, poet
• Shahriyar Mandanipour, writer
• Simin Daneshvar, novelist and author
• Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi (1914–1986), contemporary poet
• Fereidoon Tavallali (1917–1985), contemporary poet and intellectual
• Abdolali Dastgheib (born 1931), literary critic writer

• Bahram Dabiri (born 1979), painter and artist
• Shirazeh Houshiary (born 1955), artist, born in Shiraz in 1955. She lives in London.
• Arsi Nami (born 1984), award-winning singer and songwriter
• Ebrahim Golestan (1922–2023), writer and filmmaker
• Gholamhossein Saber (born 1941), artist
• Tooji (born 1987), singer, model and television host. He represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan.
• Bahar Pars (born 1979), actress

• Mohammad Namazi, philanthropist and founder of the Namazi hospital in Shiraz. This later became the catalyst for the establishment of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 1955; one of the country's top medical schools.
• Mohammad Bahmanbeigi, activist, founding father of instructions for tribes in Iran
• Eghbal Hamidy, Formula One car designer for Williams, Stewart, Arrows, and Jordan
• Jamaluddin Mostaghimi (born 1916), physician
• Omid Norouzi, Iranian wrestler, world and Olympic champion
• Abbas Dowran, acclaimed fighter jet pilot who died during the Iran–Iraq War

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran}}

Shiraz is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Sister Cities|url=https://en.shiraz.ir/RContent/2XT5C73E-Sister-Cities.aspx|website=shiraz.ir|publisher=Shiraz|access-date=2020-06-17}}

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

• {{flagicon|CHN}} Chongqing, China
• {{flagicon|TJK}} Dushanbe, Tajikistan
• {{flagicon|CHN}} Nanjing, China
• {{flagicon|CYP}} Nicosia, Cyprus
• {{flagicon|HUN}} Pécs, Hungary
• {{flagicon|JP}} Osaka, Japan {{Citation needed|date=April 2024|reason=Osaka is not mentioned in the current source (shiraz.ir)}}
• {{flagicon|Germany}} Weimar, Germany{{Cite web|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/81417897/German-city-eyes-deepening-friendship-with-Shiraz|title=German city eyes deepening friendship with Shiraz|date=7 December 2014}}

{{div col end}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|SRB}} Novi Sad, Serbia (2023){{cite web|title=Novi Sad uspostavlja saradnju sa iranskim gradom Širazom|url=https://www.021.rs/story/Novi-Sad/Vesti/345091/Novi-Sad-uspostavlja-saradnju-sa-iranskim-gradom-Sirazom.html|publisher=kanal9tv.com|date=27 June 2023|access-date=5 November 2023|language=Serbian}}

{{div col end}}

• 1853 Shiraz earthquake – killed at least 9,000 people
• Ahmadi Square
• Shiraz Arts Festival
• Shirazi salad – originated from and is named after Shiraz
• Swedish intervention in Persia
• Shiraz expedition

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{EI2 |article=Shīrāz |last=Lambton |first=Ann K. S. |volume=9 |pages=772–479}}
• {{cite book |last1=Limbert |first1=John |title=Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of a Medieval Persian City |date=2004 |publisher=University of Washington Press |location=Seattle and London |isbn=0-295-98391-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x5-voc6nzmkC&pg=PA3}}
• {{cite book |editor1-last=Berney |editor1-first=K. A. |editor2-last=Ring |editor2-first=Trudy |title=Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 4 |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-884964-03-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA644}}

• [http://stockholm360.net/list.php?id=shiraz 360° VR panorama gallery of Shiraz]

{{S-start}}

{{s-bef|before=Mashhad}}

{{s-ttl|title=Capital of Iran (Persia)|years=1750–1794}}

{{s-aft|after=Tehran}}

{{s-bef|before=-}}

{{s-ttl|title=Capital of Zand dynasty|years=1750–1794}}

{{s-aft|after=Kerman}}

{{S-end}}

{{Sister bar|auto=y}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Fars Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Shiraz County|state=collapsed}}

{{Provincial capitals of Iran}}

{{Iranian Architecture}}

Category:Populated places in Shiraz County

Category:Cities in Fars province

Category:Sasanian cities

Category:Ancient history of Iran