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1555

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}

{{About year|1555}}

{{Year nav|1555}}

File:Peace-of-augsburg 1555.jpg: The Peace of Augsburg is signed]]

{{C16 year in topic}}

File:The Burning of Master John Rogers.jpg: John Rogers is burned at the stake.]]

Year 1555 (MDLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

= January–March =

= April–June =

  • April 9 – Marcello Cervini degli Spannocchi is unanimously chosen as the successor to Pope Julius III, who died on March 23, and takes the name of Pope Marcellus II as the 222nd Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. He will reign for 22 days.{{cite book|author=Maureen E. Buja|title=Antonio Barré and Music Printing in Mid-sixteenth Century Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zqIIAQAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|page=81}}
  • April 17 – After 18 months of siege, the Republic of Siena surrenders to the Florentine–Imperial army.
  • May 1 – Foundation of St John's College, Oxford, England, to teach Catholic theology.
  • May 30 – Foundation of Trinity College, Oxford, England, to teach Catholic theology.
  • May 15 – The conclave opens with 42 of the 56 Roman Catholic cardinals to choose a successor to Pope Marcellus II, who had died on May 1.Chacón, col. 810-811; Panvinio, s. 427-428; por. Setton, s. 617.
  • May 23 – Giovanni Pietro Carafa, Cardinal of Naples, is elected as the new Pope after Giacomo del Pozzo fails to obtain the necessary two-thirds approval.Pastor, Ludwig von. History of the Popes. T. 14. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1924 Carafa, the 223rd Pope, takes the name Pope Paul IV.{{cite book|author=Paul Johnson|title=The Papacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ms4MgIorzdUC|year=1997|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|isbn=978-0-7607-0755-5|page=216}}
  • May 25 – Jeanne d'Albret becomes the Queen of Navarre upon the death of her father, King Henry II.{{cite book|author=Ronald Love|title=Blood and Religion: The Conscience of Henri IV|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R8r73hru8nAC&pg=PA25|date=14 March 2001|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-6884-6|pages=25–}}
  • June 1 – The Treaty of Amasya between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia concludes the Ottoman-Safavid War.
  • June 22 – Adil Shah Suri becomes the Sultan of the Sur Empire at Delhi in India after Sikandar Shah Suri is forced to flee from the Mughal Empire forces.

= July–September =

  • July 12 – Pope Paul IV creates the Roman Ghetto, the first Jewish ghetto in Rome.
  • August 24 – England's Thomas Thirlby, the first and only Roman Catholic Archbishop of Norwich and Queen Mary's envoy to Pope Paul IV, returns to London from bearing a papal bull that confirms Queen Mary's jurisdiction over Ireland.{{DNB |first=Thompson |last=Cooper |author-link=Thompson Cooper |wstitle=Thirlby, Thomas |volume=56 |page=137}}
  • September 25 – The Peace of Augsburg is signed between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League, establishing the principle Cuius regio, eius religio, that is, rulers within the Empire can choose the religion of their realm.
  • September – The 1555 Kashmir earthquake causes widespread destruction and death in Kashmir, India.{{cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information India: Kashmir: Srinagar |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/10493 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov |publisher=NCEI |access-date=7 August 2021}}

= October–December =

  • October 16
  • (1st day of 10th month Tenbun 24) – At the Battle of Miyajima Island, Mori Motonari defeats Sue Harukata.Stephen R. Turnbull, The Samurai: A Military History, ( New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1977) pp. 131–134
  • The first two Protestant Oxford Martyrs, Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley, are burned at the stake in England.
  • October 25 – Charles V abdicates as Holy Roman Emperor and is succeeded by his brother Ferdinand.
  • November 1 – French Navy Vice-Admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon leads a small fleet of two ships and 200 soldiers and colonists to take possession of Serigipe Island, near modern-day Rio de Janeiro in Brazil at Guanabara Bay, and builds Fort Coligny.{{cite book |last=Parkman |first=Francis |date=1983 |title=France and England in North America Vol 1 |location= New York, New York |publisher=Library of America |pages=33–41}}
  • November 13 – Thomas Cranmer is officially removed from office as the Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury by order of Pope Paul IV and Queen Mary I.{{cite web |url=https://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/marygovt.html |title= Marian Government Policies |access-date=5 July 2007 }}
  • December 11 – Cardinal Reginald Pole is made a cardinal-priest in the Roman Catholic Church and made the administrator of the See of Canterbury in England,{{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/reginaldpolecard00leef |title=Reginald Pole, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury : an historical sketch, with an introductory prologue and practical epilogue |first=Frederick George|last=Lee|date=6 December 1888 |publisher=London : J. C. Nimmo |via=Internet Archive}} though he will not become the new Archbishop of Canterbury until the following March 20.

= Date unknown =

Births

File:KingNU.jpg]]

Deaths

File:Girolamo Sicciolante - Paus Julius IIIFXD.jpg]]

File:Pope Marcellus II.PNG]]

File:Henri d'Albret.jpg]]

File:Tomás de Villanueva.jpg]]

References

{{Reflist}}

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