2014 in science#cite ref-43

File:Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg lander launched by the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft performed the first successful landing on a comet (Philae{{'}}s target, Comet 67P, pictured).]]

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2014, including the first robotic landing on a comet and the first complete stem-cell-assisted recovery from paraplegia. The year also saw a significant expansion in the worldwide use and sophistication of technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and wearable electronics.

The United Nations declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming and Crystallography.{{cite news|title=International Years|url=https://www.un.org/en/events/observances/years.shtml|newspaper=United Nations|access-date=10 March 2013|last1=Nations |first1=United }}

Events, discoveries and inventions

=January=

File:Altocumulus.jpg

1 January – A study published in Nature shows that the role of cloud formation in climate change has been underestimated. As a result, global temperatures could increase by 4 °C by 2100 and possibly 8 °C by 2200.{{cite journal|title=Spread in model climate sensitivity traced to atmospheric convective mixing|journal=Nature|date=1 January 2014|volume=505|issue=7481|pages=37–42|bibcode=2014Natur.505...37S|last1=Sherwood|first1=Steven C|last2=Bony|first2=Sandrine|last3=Dufresne|first3=Jean-Louis|doi=10.1038/nature12829|pmid=24380952|s2cid=205236718|url=https://zenodo.org/record/3425698|hdl=1959.4/unsworks_13600|hdl-access=free}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science/solution-cloud-riddle-reveals-hotter-future|title=Solution to cloud riddle reveals hotter future|publisher=UNSW|date=1 January 2014|access-date=3 January 2014}}
2 January
Researchers have shown in precise detail how a molecular defect is responsible for myotonic dystrophy type 2, then designed a potential drug candidate to reverse the disease.{{cite web|url=http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2014/20140102disney.html|title=Scripps Florida Scientists Uncover Most Detailed Picture Yet of Muscular Dystrophy Defect then Design Targeted New Drug Candidates|publisher=The Scripps Research Institute|date=2 January 2014|access-date=3 January 2014}}
The asteroid 2014 AA impacts the Earth a few hours after it was first sighted. This was the second time an asteroid was observed before it impacted with Earth (the first being 2008 TC3).
5 January – A launch of the communication satellite GSAT-14 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre aboard the GSLV Mk.II D5 marks the first successful flight of an Indian cryogenic rocket engine, the CE-7.5.
6 January – A new way to destroy metastasizing cancer cells traveling through the bloodstream has been discovered by researchers at Cornell University.{{cite web|url=http://mediarelations.cornell.edu/2014/01/06/piggy-backing-proteins-ride-white-blood-cells-to-wipe-out-metastasizing-cancer/|title=Piggy-backing proteins ride white blood cells to wipe out metastasizing cancer|publisher=Cornell University|date=6 January 2014|access-date=13 January 2014}}
7 January – NASA releases the deepest image ever taken of a galaxy cluster not long after the Big Bang. The image includes Abell 2744, a galaxy cluster in the Sculptor constellation, and was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.{{cite news |last1=Clavin |first1=Whitney |last2=Jenkins |first2=Ann |last3=Villard |first3=Ray |title=NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Team up to Probe Faraway Galaxies |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-007 |date=7 January 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=8 January 2014 }}
8 January
Using the Sloan Digital Telescope, astronomers have measured the distance to galaxies six billion light-years away – about halfway back to the Big Bang – to an accuracy of just 1 percent. This could aid in the understanding of dark energy, which is thought to be driving the expansion of the universe.{{cite web|url=http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/01/08/astronomers-measure-far-off-galaxies-to-1-percent-precision/|title=Astronomers measure far-off galaxies to 1 percent precision|publisher=University of Washington|date=8 January 2014|access-date=8 January 2014}}
A detailed survey of lion populations has revealed that in West Africa, their numbers have collapsed with less than 250 adults remaining.{{cite journal|title=The Lion in West Africa Is Critically Endangered | journal=PLOS ONE |date=8 January 2014|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0083500 |pmid=24421889 |pmc=3885426 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=e83500|last1=Henschel |first1=Philipp |last2=Coad |first2=Lauren |last3=Burton |first3=Cole |last4=Chataigner |first4=Beatrice |last5=Dunn |first5=Andrew |last6=MacDonald |first6=David |last7=Saidu |first7=Yohanna |last8=Hunter |first8=Luke T. B. |bibcode=2014PLoSO...983500H | doi-access=free }}
13 January
New analysis of a Tiktaalik roseae fossil, dating back 375 million years, has revealed a key link in the evolution of hind limbs that challenges existing theories on how they first developed.{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140113154211.htm|title=Discovery of New Tiktaalik Roseae Fossils Reveals Key Link in Evolution of Hind Limbs|publisher=Science Daily|date=13 January 2014|access-date=14 January 2014}}
Chemists have engineered a plastic artificial cell containing organelles capable of producing the various steps in a chemical reaction.{{cite web|url=http://www.ru.nl/english/university/vm/news/@929865/first-plastic-cell/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140117073048/http://www.ru.nl/english/university/vm/news/@929865/first-plastic-cell/|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2014|title=First plastic cell with working organelle|publisher=Radboud University Nijmegen|date=13 January 2014|access-date=17 January 2014}}
14 January
A giant trench deeper than the Grand Canyon has been discovered under Antarctic ice.{{cite web|url=http://phys.org/news/2014-01-scientists-giant-trench-antarctic-ice.html|title=Scientists discover giant trench under Antarctic Ice|publisher=PhysOrg|date=14 January 2014|access-date=15 January 2014}}
Illumina, Inc. has demonstrated the first $1,000 genome.{{cite web|url=http://investor.illumina.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=121127&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1890696&highlight=|title=Illumina Introduces the HiSeq X Ten Sequencing System|publisher=Illumina|date=14 January 2014|access-date=15 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110034810/http://investor.illumina.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=121127&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1890696&highlight=|archive-date=10 November 2018|url-status=dead}}
16 January
A new gene therapy technique has restored the sight of six patients who would otherwise have gone blind.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-25718064|title=Gene therapy 'could be used to treat blindness'|publisher=BBC|date=16 January 2014|access-date=16 January 2014}}
Google reports the development of a contact lens glucose monitor.{{cite journal |author= NM Farandos |author2=AK Yetisen |author3=MJ Monteiro |author4=CR Lowe |author5=SH Yun |s2cid=35508652 |title=Contact Lens Sensors in Ocular Diagnostics |journal= Advanced Healthcare Materials |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages= 792–810|year=2014 |doi= 10.1002/adhm.201400504 |pmid=25400274}}{{cite web |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |title=Google Unveils Smart Contact Lens That Lets Diabetics Measure Their Glucose Levels |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/01/16/google-shows-off-smart-contact-lens-that-lets-diabetics-measure-their-glucose-levels/ |date=16 January 2014 |work=TechCrunch |access-date=17 January 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Mendoza |first=Martha |title=Google develops contact lens glucose monitor |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140117/DABC8C484.html |date=16 January 2014 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=17 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201133407/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140117/DABC8C484.html |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}
China's Yutu rover completes its first examination of the lunar soil.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25763168|title=China's Jade Rabbit rover explores Moon soil|publisher=BBC|date=16 January 2014|access-date=17 January 2014}}

File:PIA17761-MarsOpportunityRover-MysteryRock-Sol3528-Sol3540-color.jpg found by the Opportunity rover on the planet Mars – comparison of images: Sol 3528 and Sol 3540 (23 January 2014) (b/w) (solution).]]

17 January – NASA reports that a Mars rock, named "Pinnacle Island", that was not in an Opportunity rover image taken on Sol 3528, "mysteriously" appeared 13 days later in a similar image taken on Sol 3540.{{cite web |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |title=Mystery Rock 'Appears' in Front of Mars Rover |url=http://www.space.com/24330-mars-rover-mystery-rock-appears.html |date=17 January 2014 |work=Space.com |access-date=18 January 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Mars Rover Marks an Unexpected Anniversary With a Mysterious Discovery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/science/space/mars-rover-marks-an-unexpected-anniversary-with-a-mysterious-discovery.html |date=24 January 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=24 January 2014 }} – UPDATE (14 February 2014): "Mystery" seems to have been solved – the location where the rock was dislodged by the rover has been found. (image)
20 January – The ESA's Rosetta spacecraft "wakes up" from hibernation mode to monitor comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko for the next 16 months as the comet travels into, and then out of, the inner Solar System. The spacecraft is expected to deploy the Philae lander on the comet's surface in November 2014.{{cite news |last=Jordans |first=Frank |title=Comet-chasing probe sends signal to Earth |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140120/DABEMKSO3.html |date=20 January 2014 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=20 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202141305/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140120/DABEMKSO3.html |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |last=Jordans |first=Frank |title=Scientists hope comet-chaser spacecraft wakes up |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140120/DABEGOPG0.html |date=20 January 2014 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=20 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202140946/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140120/DABEGOPG0.html |archive-date=2 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|last1=Agle |first1=DC |last2=Cook |first2=Jia-Rui |last3=Brown |first3=Dwayne |last4=Bauer |first4=Markus|title=NASA Release = 2014-015 – Rosetta: To Chase a Comet |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-015 |date=17 January 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=18 January 2014 }}{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=PHILAE|title=Philae|publisher=NASA|access-date=10 March 2013}}
21 January
Globally, 2013 was tied with 2003 as the fourth warmest year on record, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).{{cite web|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2013/12|title=Global Analysis – December 2013|publisher=NOAA|date=21 January 2014|access-date=21 January 2014}}
One quarter of the world's cartilaginous fish, namely sharks and rays, face extinction within the next few decades, according to latest research.{{cite web|url=https://www.sfu.ca/pamr/media-releases/2014/study-says-sharks-rays-globally-overfished.html|title=Study: sharks/rays globally overfished|publisher=Simon Fraser University|date=21 January 2014|access-date=21 January 2014|archive-date=26 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126001118/http://www.sfu.ca/pamr/media-releases/2014/study-says-sharks-rays-globally-overfished.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite journal|title=Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays|journal=eLife|volume=3|pages=e00590|date=21 January 2014|doi=10.7554/eLife.00590|pmid=24448405|pmc=3897121|last1=Dulvy|first1=Nicholas K.|last2=Fowler|first2=Sarah L.|last3=Musick|first3=John A.|last4=Cavanagh|first4=Rachel D.|last5=Kyne|first5=Peter M.|last6=Harrison|first6=Lucy R.|last7=Carlson|first7=John K.|last8=Davidson|first8=Lindsay NK|last9=Fordham|first9=Sonja V.|last10=Francis|first10=Malcolm P.|last11=Pollock|first11=Caroline M.|last12=Simpfendorfer|first12=Colin A.|last13=Burgess|first13=George H.|last14=Carpenter|first14=Kent E.|last15=Compagno|first15=Leonard JV|last16=Ebert|first16=David A.|last17=Gibson|first17=Claudine|last18=Heupel|first18=Michelle R.|last19=Livingstone|first19=Suzanne R.|last20=Sanciangco|first20=Jonnell C.|last21=Stevens|first21=John D.|last22=Valenti|first22=Sarah|last23=White|first23=William T. |doi-access=free }}
A new device created by the University of California enables real-time measurements of drug metabolism and concentration in the bloodstream, potentially improving the way doses are administered.{{cite web|url=http://www.news.ucsb.edu/2014/013903/live-feed-our-bodies|title=Live Feed into Our Bodies|publisher=University of California|date=21 January 2014|access-date=25 January 2014}}
Extreme air pollution in Asia and China in particular is having a clear impact on weather and climate patterns, according to a study of aerosols and meteorology over the past 30 years.{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140121130034.htm|title=Air pollution from Asia affecting world's weather|publisher=Science Daily|date=21 January 2014|access-date=25 January 2014}}
22 January
ESA scientists report the detection, for the first definitive time, of water vapor on the dwarf planet, Ceres, largest object in the asteroid belt.{{cite journal|last1=Küppers|first1=Michael|last2=O'Rourke|first2=Laurence|last3=Bockelée-Morvan|first3=Dominique|author3-link=Dominique Bockelée-Morvan|last4=Zakharov|first4=Vladimir|last5=Lee|first5=Seungwon|last6=von Allmen|first6=Paul|last7=Carry|first7=Benoît|last8=Teyssier|first8=David|last9=Marston|first9=Anthony|last10=Müller|first10=Thomas|last11=Crovisier|first11=Jacques|last12=Barucci|first12=M. Antonietta|last13=Moreno|first13=Raphael|title=Localized sources of water vapour on the dwarf planet (1) Ceres|journal=Nature|volume=505|issue=7484|year=2014|pages=525–527|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature12918|pmid=24451541|bibcode=2014Natur.505..525K|s2cid=4448395}} The detection was made by using the far-infrared abilities of the Herschel Space Observatory.{{cite web |last1=Harrington |first1=J.D. |title=Herschel Telescope Detects Water on Dwarf Planet – Release 14-021 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/january/herschel-telescope-detects-water-on-dwarf-planet |date=22 January 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=22 January 2014 }} The finding is unexpected because comets, not asteroids, are typically considered to "sprout jets and plumes". According to one of the scientists, "The lines are becoming more and more blurred between comets and asteroids."
Researchers have determined that the earliest memories prior to the age of three will tend to disappear when a child reaches the age of seven, a phenomenon known as "childhood amnesia."{{cite web|url=http://esciencecommons.blogspot.co.uk/2014/01/psychologists-document-age-our-earliest.html|title=Psychologists document the age our earliest memories fade|publisher=Emory University|date=22 January 2014|access-date=22 January 2014}}
The leech Ozobranchus jantseanus has been shown to survive for 24 hours at −321 °F (−196 °C) and for nine months at −130 °F (−90 °C), a finding that could yield insights into cryopreservation for humans.{{cite journal|title=A Leech Capable of Surviving Exposure to Extremely Low Temperatures|date=22 January 2014|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0086807|pmid=24466250|pmc=3899358|volume=9|issue=1|journal=PLOS ONE|pages=e86807|last1=Suzuki|first1=Dai|last2=Miyamoto|first2=Tomoko|last3=Kikawada|first3=Takahiro|last4=Watanabe|first4=Manabu|last5=Suzuki|first5=Toru|bibcode=2014PLoSO...986807S|doi-access=free}}{{cite web|url=http://www.popsci.com/article/science/leech-can-survive-24-hour-submersion-liquid-nitrogen|title=This Leech Can Survive A 24-Hour Submersion in Liquid Nitrogen|publisher=PopSci|date=28 January 2014|access-date=30 January 2014}}
23 January – A new microscopy technique can eliminate distortion from nano-scale images.{{cite web|url=http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/wms-lebeau-rotate/|title=New Microscopy Technique Improves Imaging at the Atomic Scale|publisher=North Carolina State University|date=23 January 2014|access-date=24 January 2014}}
24 January – NASA reports that current studies on the planet Mars by the Curiosity and Opportunity rovers will now be searching for evidence of ancient life, including a biosphere based on autotrophic, chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, as well as ancient water, including fluvio-lacustrine environments (plains related to ancient rivers or lakes) that may have been habitable.{{cite journal |last=Grotzinger |first=John P. |title=Introduction to Special Issue – Habitability, Taphonomy, and the Search for Organic Carbon on Mars |journal=Science |date=24 January 2014 |volume=343 |issue=6169 |pages=386–387 |doi=10.1126/science.1249944 |bibcode=2014Sci...343..386G |pmid=24458635|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |author=Various |title=Special Issue – Table of Contents – Exploring Martian Habitability |url=https://www.science.org/toc/science/343/6169 |date=24 January 2014|journal=Science |volume=343 |number=6169 |pages=345–452 |access-date=24 January 2014 }}{{cite journal |author=Various |title=Special Collection – Curiosity – Exploring Martian Habitability |url=https://www.science.org/action/doSearch?AllField=Curiosity+Mars|date=24 January 2014 |journal=Science |access-date=24 January 2014 }}{{cite journal |title=A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars |date=24 January 2014 |journal=Science |volume=343 |issue=6169 |pages=1242777 |doi=10.1126/science.1242777 |last1=Grotzinger |first1=J. P. |last2=Sumner |first2=D. Y. |last3=Kah |first3=L. C. |last4=Stack |first4=K. |last5=Gupta |first5=S. |last6=Edgar |first6=L. |last7=Rubin |first7=D. |last8=Lewis |first8=K. |last9=Schieber |first9=J. |last10=Mangold |first10=N. |last11=Milliken |first11=R. |last12=Conrad |first12=P. G. |last13=Desmarais |first13=D. |last14=Farmer |first14=J. |last15=Siebach |first15=K. |last16=Calef |first16=F. |last17=Hurowitz |first17=J. |last18=McLennan |first18=S. M. |last19=Ming |first19=D. |last20=Vaniman |first20=D. |last21=Crisp |first21=J. |last22=Vasavada |first22=A. |last23=Edgett |first23=K. S. |last24=Malin |first24=M. |last25=Blake |first25=D. |last26=Gellert |first26=R. |last27=Mahaffy |first27=P. |last28=Wiens |first28=R. C. |last29=Maurice |first29=S. |last30=Grant |first30=J. A. |display-authors=1 |bibcode = 2014Sci...343A.386G |pmid=24324272|citeseerx=10.1.1.455.3973 |s2cid=52836398 }} The search for evidence of habitability, taphonomy (related to fossils), and organic carbon on the planet Mars is now a primary NASA objective.
26 January – New research indicates that most of the Grand Canyon is much younger than previously thought, having formed as recently as 5 or 6 million years ago, compared to 70 million years as previously estimated.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25881953|title=Grand Canyon 'formed recently'|publisher=BBC|date=26 January 2014|access-date=27 January 2014}}
27 January – Genetic analysis of a European male from 7,000 years ago has revealed he had dark skin, dark hair and blue eyes – suggesting that lighter skin colour evolved much later than was previously assumed.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25885519|title=Hunter-gatherer European had blue eyes and dark skin|publisher=BBC|date=27 January 2014|access-date=27 January 2014}}
28 January – A new study shows that living near a fracking site may increase the risk of some birth defects by as much as 30 percent.{{cite web|url=http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/122/1/ehp.1306722.pdf|title=Birth Outcomes and Maternal Residential Proximity to Natural Gas Development in Rural Colorado|publisher=Environmental Health Perspectives|date=28 January 2014|access-date=31 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201122424/http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/122/1/ehp.1306722.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2014|url-status=dead}} As many as 15 million Americans may live within one mile of a drilling well.{{cite web|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/1/30/new-study-links-frackingtobirthdefectsinheavilydrilledcolorado.html|title=New study links fracking to birth defects in heavily drilled Colorado|publisher=Aljazeera|date=30 January 2014|access-date=31 January 2014}}
29 January
The axolotl may have gone extinct in the wild. None were found in a recent survey of its only remaining natural habitat, Lake Xochimilco.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jan/29/mexico-water-monster-axolotl-vanished|title=Mexico's 'water monster' the axolotl may have vanished from natural habitat|work=The Guardian|date=29 January 2014|access-date=29 January 2014}}
Japanese researchers have reported that they developed a way of turning adult mice cells into stem cells by dipping them in acid. If true, this could pave the way for routine use of stem cells in regenerative medicine with a technique that is cheaper, faster and more efficient than before.{{cite web|url=http://www.researchsea.com/html/article.php/aid/8058/cid/1/research/science/nature_publishing_group/a_new_way_to_induce_pluripotency.html|title=A new way to induce pluripotency|publisher=ResearchSEA|date=29 January 2014|access-date=31 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062623/http://researchsea.com/html/article.php/aid/8058/cid/1/research/science/nature_publishing_group/a_new_way_to_induce_pluripotency.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25967136|title=Stem cell researcher Dr Haruko Obokata on 'breakthrough'|publisher=BBC|date=30 January 2014|access-date=31 January 2014}} However, other investigators could not reproduce the effect, and so this "discovery" remains controversial.{{cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/12/26/national/stap-cells-claimed-by-obokata-were-likely-embryonic-stem-cells|title='STAP cells' claimed by Obokata were likely embryonic stem cells|date=26 December 2014|last=Kameda|first=Masaaki|newspaper=The Japan Times}}

File:PIA17936-f2-MarsCuriosityRover-EarthMoon-20140131.jpg of the Earth and Moon in the night sky of Mars (31 January 2014).]]

31 January
A new way of electrochemically converting CO₂ – a greenhouse gas – into carbon monoxide has been developed at the University of Delaware.{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140131083250.htm|title=New catalyst to convert greenhouse gases into chemicals|publisher=Science Daily|date=31 January 2014|access-date=31 January 2014}}
The world's first monkeys with genes modified by CRISPR/Cas9, a new form of DNA engineering, have been created in a Chinese laboratory.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
Despite warnings from scientists about the ecological impact, Australia's government has approved plans to dump three million cubic metres of sediment near the Great Barrier Reef, as part of the world's largest coal port.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25974608|title=Australia Great Barrier Reef dredge dumping plan approved|publisher=BBC|date=31 January 2014|access-date=2 February 2014}}

=February=

3 February
By the 2080s, most former Winter Olympics venues will no longer be suitable for hosting the games due to lack of snow, according to a new study.{{cite web|url=http://www.newsdaily.com/article/fa327c70eca013a4a7eea2490798824a/truck-in-the-snow-warming-to-hit-future-winter-games|title=Truck in the snow: Warming to hit future Winter Games|publisher=News Daily|date=3 February 2014|access-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221171353/http://www.newsdaily.com/article/fa327c70eca013a4a7eea2490798824a/truck-in-the-snow-warming-to-hit-future-winter-games|archive-date=21 February 2014}}
As larger mammals become extinct, rats could dominate many ecological niches and evolve to huge sizes in the future, according to an academic from the University of Leicester.{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140203084014.htm|title=Rat islands 'a laboratory of future evolution': Rats predicted to fill in Earth's emptying ecospace|publisher=Science Daily|date=3 February 2014|access-date=4 February 2014}}
The first single-molecule LED has been created.{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140203093521.htm|title=Researchers develop first single-molecule LED|publisher=Science Daily|date=3 February 2014|access-date=4 February 2014}}
5 February – A Danish man has been fitted with a prosthetic hand capable of delivering a sense of touch.{{cite web|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/524286/a-robotic-hand-this-time-with-feeling/|title=A Robotic Hand, This Time with Feeling|publisher=Technology Review|date=5 February 2014|access-date=7 February 2014}}
6 February
NASA releases the first image by the Curiosity rover of the Earth and the Moon in the night sky of Mars.{{cite web |last=Revkin |first=Andrew C. |title=Martian View of Our Pale Dot |url=http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/06/a-martian-view-of-our-pale-dot |date=6 February 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=9 February 2014 }}
NASA reports that the Mars Curiosity rover, in order to reduce wear on its wheels by avoiding rougher terrain,{{cite web |last=Webster |first=Guy |title=Mars Science Laboratory Mission Status Report |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-028 |date=29 January 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=8 February 2014 }} has successfully crossed (image) the "Dingo Gap" sand dune and is now expected to travel a smoother route to Mount Sharp.{{cite web |last=Webster |first=Guy |title=Through the Gap: Curiosity Mars Rover Crosses Dune |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-035 |date=6 February 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=8 February 2014 }}
7 February – Archaeologists report that human footprints, possibly from Homo antecessor, that may be as much as 1 million years old, were found at Happisburgh in eastern England, in May 2013.{{cite news |last=Lawless |first=Jill |title=Scientists find 800,000-year-old footprints in UK |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140207/DABQFQI80.html |date=7 February 2014 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=7 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222042857/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140207/DABQFQI80.html |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Pallab |title=Earliest footprints outside Africa discovered in Norfolk |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26025763 |date=7 February 2014 |work=BBC |access-date=7 February 2014 }}{{cite journal | last1 = Ashton | first1 = N | last2 = Lewis | first2 = SG | last3 = De Groote | first3 = I | last4 = Duffy | first4 = SM | last5 = Bates | first5 = M | year = 2014 | title = Hominin Footprints from Early Pleistocene Deposits at Happisburgh, UK | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 9 | issue = 2| page = e88329 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0088329 | display-authors = 5 | last6 = Hoare | first6 = Peter | last7 = Lewis | first7 = Mark | last8 = Parfitt | first8 = Simon A. | last9 = Peglar | first9 = Sylvia | last10 = Williams | first10 = Craig | last11 = Stringer | first11 = Chris | pmid=24516637 | pmc=3917592|bibcode = 2014PLoSO...988329A | doi-access = free }}{{cite web|last=Ashton |first=Nicholas |title=The earliest human footprints outside Africa |url=http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2014/02/07/the-earliest-human-footprints-outside-africa-2/ |publisher=British Museum |date=7 February 2014 |access-date=7 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207143405/http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2014/02/07/the-earliest-human-footprints-outside-africa-2/ |archive-date=7 February 2014 }}
7 February – New species of wild pepper, Piper kelleyi, is described in PhytoKeys.{{cite journal |author1=Eric Tepe |author2=Genoveva Rodríguez-Castañeda |author3=Andrea Glassmire |author4=Lee Dyer |title =Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru |journal=PhytoKeys|doi=10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376|pmid=24596490 |pmc=3941067 | date=7 February 2014|issue=34 |pages=19–32 |doi-access=free }}
9 February – The discovery of one of the oldest known stars in the Universe, SMSS J031300.36-670839.3, is announced.{{cite web | url =http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/02/10/3941073.htm| title =Oldest known star discovered |publisher =ABC Online|date=9 February 2014| access-date =9 February 2014}}{{cite news |last=Brainard |first=Curtis |title=The Archaeology of the Stars |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/11/science/space/the-archaeology-of-the-stars.html |date=10 February 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=10 February 2014 }}
10 February
New and more precise dating techniques indicate that the End Permian extinction event happened over the course of 60,000 years, about 10 times faster than previously thought.{{cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2014/an-extinction-in-the-blink-of-an-eye-0210.html|title=An extinction in the blink of an eye|publisher=MIT|date=10 February 2014|access-date=11 February 2014}}
Nanomotors have been controlled inside living cells for the first time.{{cite web|url=http://news.psu.edu/story/303296/2014/02/10/research/nanomotors-are-controlled-first-time-inside-living-cells|title=Nanomotors are controlled, for the first time, inside living cells|publisher=Penn State|date=10 February 2014|access-date=11 February 2014}}
11 February – Scientists at King's College London have identified a gene linking brain structure to intelligence.{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/iop/news/records/2014/February/Scientists-identify-gene-linking-brain-structure-to-intelligence.aspx|title=Scientists identify gene linking brain structure to intelligence|publisher=King's College London|date=11 February 2014|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-date=5 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705122304/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/iop/news/records/2014/February/Scientists-identify-gene-linking-brain-structure-to-intelligence.aspx|url-status=dead}}
12 February
The discovery of four new galactic clusters is announced in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.{{cite web | url =http://phys.org/news/2014-02-galaxy-clusters-billion-years-earth.html| title =Four new galaxy clusters discovered 10 billion light years from Earth |publisher =Phys.org|date=12 February 2014| access-date =12 February 2014}}
The first global geologic map of Ganymede, the largest moon in the Solar System, has been produced.{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140212144524.htm|title=First global geologic map of Jupiter's largest moon Ganymede details an icy world|publisher=Science Daily|date=12 February 2014|access-date=14 February 2014}}
A newly discovered ichthyosaur fossil has revealed the earliest live reptile birth, dating back 248 million years. It suggests that live-bearing evolved on land and not in the sea.{{cite journal|title=Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils|date=12 February 2014|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0088640|volume=9|issue=2|journal=PLOS ONE|pages=e88640|pmid=24533127|pmc=3922983 | last1 = Motani | first1 = R | last2 = Jiang | first2 = DY | last3 = Tintori | first3 = A | last4 = Rieppel | first4 = O | last5 = Chen | first5 = GB|bibcode=2014PLoSO...988640M|doi-access=free}}
14 February – New evidence, revealed in a study of 400 gay men, has strengthened the idea that male sexual orientation is influenced by genes.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/14/genes-influence-male-sexual-orientation-study|title=Male sexual orientation influenced by genes, study shows|work=The Guardian|date=14 February 2014|access-date=16 February 2014}}
17 February
Genetically modified potatoes capable of resisting blight have been developed by British scientists.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26189722|title=Genetically modified potatoes 'resist late blight'|publisher=BBC|date=17 February 2014|access-date=17 February 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://www.tsl.ac.uk/gmspuds.html|title=GM spuds beat blight|publisher=TSL|date=17 February 2014|access-date=17 February 2014|archive-date=9 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609025048/http://www.tsl.ac.uk/gmspuds.html|url-status=dead}}
An abrupt stop to geoengineering with sulfate particle injections will make global warming even worse, according to researchers.{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140217200823.htm|title=Global warming: Warning against abrupt stop to geoengineering method (if started)|publisher=Science Daily|date=17 February 2014|access-date=18 February 2014}}
18 February – Astronomers report that asteroid 2000 EM26, a Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) and Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA), {{convert|270|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter, safely passed by the Earth{{cite news |last=Saul |first=Heather |title=Asteroid 2000 EM26 'as big as three football fields' hurtles past Earth |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/asteroid-2000-em26-as-big-as-three-football-fields-hurtles-past-earth-9135450.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/asteroid-2000-em26-as-big-as-three-football-fields-hurtles-past-earth-9135450.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |date=18 February 2014 |work=The Independent |access-date=18 February 2014 }}{{cbignore}} at a distance about 8.8 times further from Earth than the Moon. The event was [http://events.slooh.comcovered broadcast live]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (YouTube archive{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Potentially Hazardous Asteroid Zipping by Earth on Close-Approach (video, 57:50) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCFWUemLzM0#t=2037 |date=18 February 2014|work=YouTube |access-date=18 February 2014 }}) at 09:00pm EST (02:00 UTC, 18 February 2014) by the Slooh community observatory.{{cite web |last=Kramer|first=Miriam |title=Huge Asteroid to Fly Safely By Earth Monday: Watch It Live |url=http://www.space.com/24704-asteroid-2000-em26-earth-flyby-webcast.html |date=15 February 2014 |work=Space.com |access-date=17 February 2014 }}{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Potentially hazardous asteroid 2000 EM26 zipping by Earth on close approach on February 17 |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-02-potentially-hazardous-asteroid-em26-earth.html |date=14 February 2014 |work=Phys.org |access-date=17 February 2014 }}{{cite news |author=Staff |title=A 270m asteroid is to swing past Earth almost exactly a year after a meteor burst over Russia |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/technology/science/a-270m-asteroid-is-to-swing-past-earth-almost-exactly-a-year-after-a-meteor-burst-over-russia/story-fnjwlbuf-1226829178390 |date=16 February 2014 |work=Herald Sun |access-date=16 February 2014 }}{{cite web|last=Yeomans |first=Donald K. |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser (2000 EM26)|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000%20EM26&orb=1 |date=16 February 2014 |work=NASA|access-date=16 February 2014 }} (image of Earth-Asteroid orbits).
19 February
Melting sea ice in the Arctic and the resulting exposure of dark water is reducing Earth's albedo more than previously forecast, according to NASA.{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-satellites-see-arctic-surface-darkening-faster/index.html|title=NASA Satellites See Arctic Surface Darkening Faster|publisher=NASA|date=19 February 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}
The European Space Agency (ESA) has selected the PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) observatory as the third medium-sized (M) mission in its Cosmic Vision programme. This will begin operation in 2024, looking for truly Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars, in sufficient detail to examine their atmospheres for signs of life.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26267918|title=European Space Agency picks Plato planet-hunting mission|publisher=BBC|date=20 February 2014|access-date=20 February 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/ESA_selects_planet-hunting_PLATO_mission|title=ESA selects planet-hunting PLATO mission|publisher=ESA|date=19 February 2014|access-date=20 February 2014}}
German and Ukrainian scientists prepared a photoactivated peptide, antibiotic Gramicidin S analogue, antimicrobial activity of which can be reversibly switched "off" by UV light and "on" by visible light{{cite journal|title=Controlling Biological Activity with Light: Diarylethene-Containing Cyclic Peptidomimetics|date=19 February 2014|doi=10.1002/anie.201310019|volume=53|issue=13|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|pages=3392–3395|pmid=24554486 | last1 = Babii | first1 = O | last2 = Afonin | first2 = S | last3 = Berditsch | first3 = M | last4 = Reiβer | first4 = S | last5 = Mykhailiuk | first5 = PK | last6 = Kubyshkin | first6 = VS | last7 = Steinbrecher | first7 = T | last8 = Ulrich | first8 = AS | last9 = Komarov | first9 = IV}}
20 February – The biggest ever stem cell trial involving heart attack patients has commenced in London. It will examine 3,000 patients in 11 European countries, determining whether death rates can be reduced and damaged tissues repaired after a heart attack.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-26273707|title=Can stem cells heal broken hearts?|publisher=BBC|date=20 February 2014|access-date=20 February 2014}}
21 February – NASA announces a [http://www.astrochem.org/pahdb/ greatly upgraded database]{{cite web |last=Hoover |first=Rachel |title=Need to Track Organic Nano-Particles Across the Universe? NASA's Got an App for That |url=http://www.nasa.gov/ames/need-to-track-organic-nano-particles-across-the-universe-nasas-got-an-app-for-that/ |date=21 February 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061428/http://www.nasa.gov/ames/need-to-track-organic-nano-particles-across-the-universe-nasas-got-an-app-for-that/ |url-status=dead }} for tracking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the universe. According to scientists, more than 20% of the carbon in the universe may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the formation of life. PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big Bang, are abundant in the universe,{{cite web |last=Carey|first=Bjorn |title=Life's Building Blocks 'Abundant in Space' |url=http://www.space.com/1686-life-building-blocks-abundant-space.html |date=18 October 2005 |work=Space.com |access-date=3 March 2014 }}{{cite journal |last1=Hudgins |first1=Douglas M. |last2=Bauschlicher Jr |first2=Charles W.|last3=Allamandola |first3=L. J. |title=Variations in the Peak Position of the 6.2 μm Interstellar Emission Feature: A Tracer of N in the Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Population|date=10 October 2005 |journal=Astrophysical Journal |volume=632 |pages=316–332 |doi=10.1086/432495 |bibcode=2005ApJ...632..316H |issue=1|doi-access=free }}{{cite web|author=Allamandola, Louis |title=Cosmic Distribution of Chemical Complexity |url=http://amesteam.arc.nasa.gov/Research/cosmic.html |date=13 April 2011 |work=NASA |access-date=3 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227184503/http://amesteam.arc.nasa.gov/Research/cosmic.html |archive-date=27 February 2014 }} and are associated with new stars and exoplanets.
22 February – ISMCBBPR through their president, Isidro A. T. Savillo, announces the Molecule of the Year 2012 as Desmosterol.{{Cite web | url=http://www.scientistsolutions.com/t29256-announcing+ismcbbpr_s+molecule+of+the+year+2012.html | title=Announcing ISMCBBPR's Molecule of the Year 2012 {{pipe}} Scientist Solutions | access-date=23 February 2014 | archive-date=24 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095328/http://www.scientistsolutions.com/t29256-announcing+ismcbbpr_s+molecule+of+the+year+2012.html | url-status=dead }}
24 February
Following a long delay due to technical issues, the first 128 GB microSD card has been announced, based on 16 memory dies vertically stacked, each shaved to be thinner than a strand of hair.{{cite web|url=http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2014/sandisk-introduces-worlds-highest-capacity-microsdxc-memory-card-at-128gb/|title=SANDISK INTRODUCES WORLD'S HIGHEST CAPACITY microSDXC MEMORY CARD AT 128GB|publisher=SanDisk|date=24 February 2014|access-date=25 February 2014}}
A tiny fragment of zircon dating back 4.4 billion years has been confirmed as the oldest known piece of Earth's crust. It provides evidence that a solid crust formed much earlier in the planet's history than was previously thought.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26324968|title=Crystal is 'oldest scrap of Earth crust'|publisher=BBC|date=24 February 2014|access-date=26 February 2014}}
26 February
A team of researchers announce the creation of a dropleton,{{cite journal | title =Quantum droplets of electrons and holes |author= A. E. Almand-Hunter |author2= H. Li |author3= S. T. Cundiff |author4= M. Mootz |author5= M. Kira |author6= S. W. Koch |name-list-style= amp|journal =Nature|date=26 February 2014|doi=10.1038/nature12994 | pmid =24572422 | volume=506 | issue =7489 | pages=471–475|bibcode=2014Natur.506..471A|s2cid= 4453076 }} the first known quasiparticle that behaves like a liquid.
NASA has announced the discovery of 715 exoplanets by its Kepler mission, increasing the total number of confirmed planets outside the Solar System to nearly 1,700.{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Michele |last2=Harrington |first2=J.D. |title=NASA's Kepler Mission Announces a Planet Bonanza, 715 New Worlds |url=http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-mission-announces-a-planet-bonanza/ |date=26 February 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=26 February 2014 |archive-date=26 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226202703/http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-mission-announces-a-planet-bonanza/ |url-status=dead }}

"SP-20140226">{{cite web|last=Wall|first=Mike|title=Population of Known Alien Planets Nearly Doubles as NASA Discovers 715 New Worlds |url=http://www.space.com/24824-alien-planets-population-doubles-nasa-kepler.html |date=26 February 2014 |work=Space.com |access-date=26 February 2014}}{{cite news |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |title=Kepler telescope bags huge haul of planets |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26362433 |date=26 February 2014 |work=BBC News |access-date=27 February 2014}}{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |title=From Kepler Data, Astronomers Find Galaxy Filled With More but Smaller Worlds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/27/science/space/diving-into-kepler-data-astronomers-discover-hundreds-of-planets.html |date=27 February 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=28 February 2014 }}

Ross Sea ice cover during the summer will decrease 56% by 2050 and 78% by 2100, according to a new computer model.{{cite web|url=http://www.vims.edu/newsandevents/topstories/ross_sea_thaw.php|title=Study projects big thaw for Antarctic sea ice|publisher=Virginia Institute of Marine Science|date=26 February 2014|access-date=28 February 2014|archive-date=6 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106082622/http://www.vims.edu/newsandevents/topstories/ross_sea_thaw.php|url-status=dead}}

File:14060-Asteroid-P2013R3-Disintegration-20140306.jpg P/2013 R3 observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (6 March 2014).]]

27 February
Despite claims of a recent hiatus in global warming, the number of local temperature extremes has "dramatically and unequivocally increased in number and area", according to researchers at the University of New South Wales. This has also occurred despite the complete absence of a strong El Niño since 1998.{{cite web|url=http://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science/no-warming-hiatus-extreme-hot-temperatures|title=No warming hiatus for extreme hot temperatures|publisher=University of New South Wales|date=27 February 2014|access-date=27 February 2014}}
NASA scientists report that Yamato 000593, the second largest meteorite from Mars found on Earth, contains microscopic spheres rich in carbon that may have been formed from biotic activity.{{cite web |last=Webster |first=Guy |title=NASA Scientists Find Evidence of Water in Meteorite, Reviving Debate Over Life on Mars |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-065&1 |date=27 February 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=27 February 2014 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301170153/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-065&1 |url-status=dead }}{{cite journal |last1=White |first1=Lauren M. |last2=Gibson |first2=Everett K. |last3=Thomnas-Keprta |first3=Kathie L. |last4=Clemett |first4=Simon J. |last5=McKay |first5=David |title=Putative Indigenous Carbon-Bearing Alteration Features in Martian Meteorite Yamato 000593 |date=19 February 2014 |journal=Astrobiology |volume=14 |number=2 |pages=170–181 |doi=10.1089/ast.2011.0733 |pmid=24552234 |bibcode=2014AsBio..14..170W|pmc=3929347 }}{{cite web |last=Gannon |first=Megan |title=Mars Meteorite with Odd 'Tunnels' & 'Spheres' Revives Debate Over Ancient Martian Life |url=http://www.space.com/24834-strange-mars-meteorite-life-evidence-debate.html |date=28 February 2014 |work=Space.com |access-date=28 February 2014 }}

=March=

3 March – Scientists announce the discovery of pithovirus, the largest giant virus yet known, revived from a 30,000-year-old sample of frozen tundra.{{cite journal |author=Ed Yong |author-link=Ed Yong |url=http://www.nature.com/news/giant-virus-resurrected-from-30-000-year-old-ice-1.14801 |title=Giant virus resurrected from 30,000-year-old ice |journal=Nature |date=3 March 2014 |access-date=3 March 2014|doi=10.1038/nature.2014.14801 |s2cid=87146458 }}
4 March – A new study concludes that nearly one-fifth of the 720 UNESCO World Heritage Sites will be affected by rising sea levels this century if global temperatures rise by 3 °C.{{cite web|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/iop-srt030314.php|title=Sea-level rise threatens UNESCO World Heritage sites|publisher=EurekAlert|date=4 March 2014|access-date=4 March 2014|archive-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120132609/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/iop-srt030314.php|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/05/sydney-opera-house-statue-liberty-sea-level-climate-change-unesco|title=Sydney Opera House and Statue of Liberty 'will be lost to sea level rise'|work=The Guardian|date=5 March 2014|access-date=5 March 2014}}
5 March – NASA scientists report that asteroid 2014 DX110, a near-Earth asteroid roughly {{convert|20|-|40|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter, passed less than 1 lunar distance from Earth.{{cite web |author=Staff |title=JPL Close-Approach Data: (2014 DX110) |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2014DX110;cad=1#cad |date=5 March 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=5 March 2014}}
6 March
NASA reports disintegration of asteroid P/2013 R3 observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (images).{{cite web |last1=Harrington |first1=J.D. |last2=Villard |first2=Ray |title=RELEASE 14-060 NASA's Hubble Telescope Witnesses Asteroid's Mysterious Disintegration |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/march/nasas-hubble-telescope-witnesses-asteroids-mysterious-disintegration-1 |date=6 March 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=6 March 2014 }}
The discovery of a new living coral reef with an area of 28 km² in the territorial waters of Iraq is announced in Scientific Reports.{{cite journal |author1=Thomas Pohl |author2=Sameh W. Al-Muqdadi |author3=Malik H. Ali |author4=Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi |author5=Hermann Ehrlich |author6=Broder Merkel |title =Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq |journal =Scientific Reports|doi=10.1038/srep04250|pmid=24603901 |pmc=3945051 |date=6 March 2014|volume=4|pages=4250 |bibcode=2014NatSR...4.4250P}}
7 March – NASA reports that the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), after an exhaustive survey, has not been able to uncover any evidence of "Planet X", a hypothesized planet within the Solar System.{{cite web |last1=Clavin |first1=Whitney |last2=Harrington |first2=J.D. |title=NASA's WISE Survey Finds Thousands of New Stars, But No 'Planet X' |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-075 |date=7 March 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=7 March 2014 }}
9 March – Researchers from the University of East Anglia discover four new ozone-depleting gases (3 CFCs and one HCFC). Two of the gases are still accumulating in the atmosphere, but their origins remain unknown.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/ngeo2109| title = Newly detected ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere| journal = Nature Geoscience| year = 2014| last1 = Laube | first1 = J. C. | last2 = Newland | first2 = M. J. | last3 = Hogan | first3 = C. | last4 = Brenninkmeijer | first4 = C. A. M. | last5 = Fraser | first5 = P. J. | last6 = Martinerie | first6 = P. | last7 = Oram | first7 = D. E. | last8 = Reeves | first8 = C. E. | last9 = Röckmann | first9 = T. | last10 = Schwander | first10 = J. | last11 = Witrant | first11 = E. | last12 = Sturges | first12 = W. T. |bibcode = 2014NatGe...7..266L | volume=7 | issue = 4| pages=266–269| s2cid = 140544959| url = https://boris.unibe.ch/71426/8/JCLaube-New%20CFCs-2014.pdf}}
10 March – Stanford bioengineer develops a 50-cent paper microscope capable of a magnification of up to 2000 times.{{cite web|url=http://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2014/03/10/stanford-bioengineer-develops-a-50-cent-paper-microscope/#sthash.JxioGUDZ.dpuf|title=Stanford bioengineer develops a 50-cent paper microscope|publisher=Stanford Medicine|date=10 March 2014|access-date=16 April 2014}}
12 March
The Very Large Telescope discovers the largest known yellow star, HR 5171A, which is 1,300 times the diameter of the Sun. It has a companion star that orbits so close, the two stars are almost merged.{{cite web|url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1409/|title=VLT Spots Largest Yellow Hypergiant Star|publisher=ESO|date=12 March 2014|access-date=13 March 2014}}
The discovery of a ringwoodite sample provides strong evidence of water in huge volumes in the Earth's mantle at {{convert|400|to|700|km|abbr=on}} below the surface.{{cite web|url=http://news.ualberta.ca/newsarticles/2014/march/rare-mineral-points-to-vast-oceans-beneath-the-earth|title=Rare mineral points to vast 'oceans' beneath the Earth|publisher=University of Alberta|date=13 March 2014|access-date=13 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313194447/http://news.ualberta.ca/newsarticles/2014/march/rare-mineral-points-to-vast-oceans-beneath-the-earth|archive-date=13 March 2014}}

File:PIA17993-DetectorsForInfantUniverseStudies-20140317.jpg in the infant universe may have been uncovered by the microscopic examination of the focal plane of the BICEP2 radio telescope.]]

Iranian scientists at Gilan University created self-cleaning coatings for the textile factories and in construction verified surfaces.[http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13921221000490 TEHRAN (FNA)- Iranian researchers at Gilan University synthesized self-cleaning coatings for the textile industries and in building different surfaces.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015184120/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13921221000490 |date=15 October 2015 }} 'english.farsnews.com/newstext' __ Wed 12 Mar 2014 1:15
13 March – Researchers in Siberia state that they have access to good quality DNA that offers a "high chance" of cloning the woolly mammoth.{{cite web|url=http://siberiantimes.com/science/casestudy/news/exclusive-siberian-scientists-announce-they-now-have-a-high-chance-to-clone-the-extinct-woolly-mammoth/|title=EXCLUSIVE: Siberian scientists announce they now have a 'high chance' to clone the woolly mammoth |work=The Siberian Times|date=13 March 2014|access-date=13 March 2014}}
17 March
By demonstrating rippling patterns (the possible effect of gravitational waves) in the cosmic microwave background, astronomers may have uncovered a major piece of evidence to support inflation and the Big Bang theory of the universe.{{cite web |author=Staff |title=BICEP2 2014 Results Release |url=http://bicepkeck.org |date=17 March 2014 |work=National Science Foundation |access-date=18 March 2014 }}{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26605974|title=Cosmic inflation: 'Spectacular' discovery hailed|publisher=BBC|date=17 March 2014|access-date=17 March 2014}}{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Ripples From the Big Bang |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/25/science/space/ripples-from-the-big-bang.html |date=24 March 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=24 March 2014 }} However, on 19 June 2014, lowered confidence in confirming the findings was reported;{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Astronomers Hedge on Big Bang Detection Claim |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/20/science/space/scientists-debate-gravity-wave-detection-claim.html |date=19 June 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=20 June 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |title=Cosmic inflation: Confidence lowered for Big Bang signal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27935479 |date=19 June 2014 |work=BBC News |access-date=20 June 2014 }}{{cite journal |author=Ade, P.A.R. |collaboration=BICEP2 Collaboration |title=Detection of B-Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2 |date=19 June 2014 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=112 |issue=24 |page=241101 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.241101 |bibcode=2014PhRvL.112x1101B |pmid=24996078|arxiv = 1403.3985 |s2cid=22780831 }} and on 19 September 2014, even more lowered confidence.{{cite journal |author=Planck Collaboration Team |title=Planck intermediate results. XXX. The angular power spectrum of polarized dust emission at intermediate and high Galactic latitudes |year=2016 |arxiv=1409.5738 |bibcode = 2016A&A...586A.133P |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201425034 |volume=586 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |pages=A133|s2cid=9857299 }}{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Study Confirms Criticism of Big Bang Finding |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/23/science/space/study-confirms-criticism-of-big-bang-finding.html |date=22 September 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=22 September 2014 }}
A large, previously stable part of Greenland has been found to be melting rapidly, suggesting that future sea level estimates will have to be revised upwards.{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/newly-discovered-greenland-melting-could-accelerate-sea-level-rise/|title= Newly Discovered Greenland Melting Could Accelerate Sea-Level Rise |publisher=Scientific American|date=17 March 2014|access-date=18 March 2014}}
Specimens of the moss Chorisodontium aciphyllum are revived after 1500 years frozen.{{cite news|title=Ancient Moss Revived After Ages on Ice|work=National Geographic|author=Jennifer Frazer|date=17 March 2014|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140317-ancient-moss-frozen-life-biology-science/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318070642/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140317-ancient-moss-frozen-life-biology-science/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 March 2014|access-date=19 March 2014}}
19 March – A new record efficiency of 17 percent for thin-film solar is achieved.{{cite web|url=http://cleantechnica.com/2014/03/20/first-solar-sets-new-thin-film-efficiency-record-17/|title=First Solar Sets New Thin-Film Efficiency Record of 17% |publisher=Clean Technica|date=20 March 2014|access-date=21 March 2014}}
20 March – A new method to obtain human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from a single drop of finger-pricked blood is achieved.{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140320101320.htm|title=Stem cells created from a drop of blood: DIY finger-prick technique opens door for extensive stem cell banking |publisher=Science Daily |date=20 March 2014|access-date=21 March 2014}}
23 March – Scientists demonstrate the distribution of three entangled photons at three different locations, several hundreds of metres apart. This could pave the way to multi-party quantum communication.{{cite web|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/news/news/experiment-opens-door-multi-party-quantum-communication|title=Experiment opens the door to multi-party quantum communication |publisher=University of Waterloo|date=23 March 2014|access-date=24 March 2014}}
24 March
Researchers create a biodegradable battery that could be used for medical implants inside the body.{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/news/biodegradable-battery-could-melt-inside-the-body-1.14919|title=Biodegradable battery could melt inside the body |journal=Nature|date=24 March 2014|access-date=26 March 2014|doi=10.1038/nature.2014.14919 |last1=Peplow |first1=Mark |s2cid=138686777 |doi-access=free }}
Rates of blindness and partial sight have plummeted in the developed world over the last 20 years, according to new research.{{cite web|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/bmj-rob032014.php|title=Rates of blindness and partial sight have plummeted in developed world|publisher=BMJ-British Medical Journal/EurekAlert|date=24 March 2014|access-date=26 March 2014|archive-date=16 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116094235/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/bmj-rob032014.php|url-status=dead}}
25 March – Paleontologists assemble giant turtle bone from fossil discoveries made 160 years apart. Atlantochelys mortoni, found in Cretaceous sediments dating back 75 million years, was possibly the largest turtle that ever lived.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26717415|title=Monster turtle fossils re-united |publisher=BBC |date=25 March 2014|access-date=26 March 2014}}
26 March
Astronomers report the discovery of a new minor planet, named 2012 VP113, beyond the planet Neptune in the Solar System.{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=A New Planetoid Reported in Far Reaches of Solar System |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/science/space/a-new-planetoid-reported-in-far-reaches-of-solar-system.html |date=26 March 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=26 March 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Witze |first=Alexandra |title=Dwarf planet stretches Solar System's edge |url=http://www.nature.com/news/dwarf-planet-stretches-solar-system-s-edge-1.14921 |access-date=26 March 2014 |newspaper=Nature |date=26 March 2014}}
Astronomers report the discovery of the first ring system around an asteroid (10199 Chariklo).{{cite web|url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1410/|title=First Ring System Around Asteroid |publisher=ESO |date=26 March 2014|access-date=27 March 2014}}
27 March
The first synthetic chromosome is created for integration into a yeast cell.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26768445 |title=Scientists hail synthetic chromosome advance |publisher=BBC|date=27 March 2014|access-date=27 March 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://communications.med.nyu.edu/media-relations/news/scientists-synthesize-first-functional-%E2%80%9Cdesigner%E2%80%9D-chromosome-yeast |title=Scientists Synthesize First Functional "Designer" Chromosome in Yeast |publisher=NYUMC|date=27 March 2014|access-date=27 March 2014}}
A study finds that Cuvier's beaked whale is capable of diving to a depth of 3.2 km and staying under water for 137 minutes, both records for a mammal.{{cite news|title=Whale sets new mammal depth record|date=27 March 2014|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/whale-sets-new-mammal-depth-record/story-e6frfkui-1226867101141|publisher=News.com.au|access-date=27 March 2014|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814212119/http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/whale-sets-new-mammal-depth-record/story-e6frfkui-1226867101141|url-status=dead}}

File:PIA18071-SaturnMoonEnceladus-WaterOcean-20140403.jpg, moon of planet Saturn, reported (3 April 2014; artist image).]]

30 March – The first evidence that CRISPR can reverse disease symptoms in living animals has been demonstrated. Using this new gene-editing technique, MIT researchers cured mice of a rare liver disorder.{{cite web|url=http://phys.org/news/2014-03-reverse-liver-disorder-mice-mutated.html |title=Researchers reverse a liver disorder in mice by correcting a mutated gene |publisher=PhysOrg |date=30 March 2014|access-date=31 March 2014}}
31 March
The U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases its second of four planned reports examining the state of climate science.{{cite web|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/index.shtml |title=Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) |publisher=IPCC |date=31 March 2014|access-date=31 March 2014}} This latest document summarizes what the scientific literature says about "[https://web.archive.org/web/20140331034635/http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/IPCC_WG2AR5_SPM_Approved.pdf Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability]".
In the landmark case of Australia v. Japan, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague has ruled that Japan's JARPA II whaling program in the Antarctic is not for scientific purposes and has ordered all permits to be revoked.{{cite web |url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2014/03/31/the-whales-have-won-icj-rules-japans-southern-ocean-whaling-not-for-scientific-research-1569 |title=The Whales Have Won! – ICJ Rules Japan's Southern Ocean Whaling 'Not For Scientific Research' |publisher=Sea Shepherd |date=31 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403075307/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2014/03/31/the-whales-have-won-icj-rules-japans-southern-ocean-whaling-not-for-scientific-research-1569 |archive-date=3 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/148/18162.pdf |title=Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening) |publisher=ICJ |date=31 March 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331145014/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/148/18162.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2014}}

=April=

1 April
Eating seven or more portions (560 g) of fruit and vegetables a day reduces your risk of death at any point in time by 42 percent compared to eating less than one portion, reports a new study by University College London.{{cite web|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/0414/010413-fruit-veg-consumption-death-risk/ |title=Seven a day keeps the reaper at bay |publisher=UCL |date=1 April 2014|access-date=1 April 2014}}{{cite web|title=U.K. national health service portion guide|url=http://www.nhs.uk/livewell/5aday/documents/downloads/5aday_portion_guide.pdf|publisher=UK NHS|access-date=1 April 2014}}
RIKEN concludes that a recent study claiming to having produced stem cells via STAP techniques was partially falsified.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/apr/01/stap-cells-research-paper-on-stem-cell-breakthrough-was-partly-falsified |title=Stap cells: research paper on stem cell breakthrough was partly falsified |work=The Guardian|date=1 April 2014|access-date=1 April 2014}}
3 April – NASA reports that evidence for a large underground ocean of liquid water on Enceladus, moon of planet Saturn, has been found by the Cassini. According to the scientists, evidence of an underground ocean suggests that Enceladus is one of the most likely places in the Solar System to "host microbial life".{{cite web |last1=Platt |first1=Jane |last2=Bell |first2=Brian |title=NASA Space Assets Detect Ocean inside Saturn Moon |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-103 |date=3 April 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=3 April 2014 }}{{cite journal |last1=Iess |first1=L. |last2=Stevenson |first2=D. J. |last3=Parisi |first3=M. |last4=Hemingway |first4=D. |last5=Jacobson |first5=R.A. |last6=Lunine |first6=Jonathan I. |last7=Nimmo |first7=F. |last8=Armstrong |first8=J. W. |last9=Asmar |first9=S. W. |last10=Ducci |first10=M. |last11=Tortora |first11=P. |title=The Gravity Field and Interior Structure of Enceladus |date=April 4, 2014 |journal=Science |volume=344 |number=6179 |pages=78–80 |doi=10.1126/science.1250551 |bibcode=2014Sci...344...78I |pmid=24700854|s2cid=28990283 |url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/45462/7/Iess-SM.pdf }} (artist image)
4 April – By manipulating the appropriate signaling, researchers have turned embryonic stem cells into a fish embryo, essentially controlling embryonic development. This breakthrough is a major step toward being able to grow whole organs from stem cells.{{cite web|url=http://phys.org/news/2014-04-scientists-barrier-stem-cells.html |title=Scientists smash barrier to growing organs from stem cells |publisher=PhysOrg |date=4 April 2014|access-date=6 April 2014}}
6 April – Samsung has developed a new method of growing large area, single crystal wafer scale graphene, a major development that will accelerate the commercialization of this material.{{cite web|url=http://phys.org/news/2014-04-breakthrough-synthesis-method-commercialization-graphene.html |title=Breakthrough synthesis method to speed commercialization of graphene |publisher=PhysOrg |date=6 April 2014|access-date=7 April 2014}}

7 April
A critical bug (named "Heartbleed") in OpenSSL is estimated to have left 17% of the Internet's secure web servers vulnerable to data theft.{{cite news |last1=Perlroth |first1=Nicole |last2=Hardy |first2=Quentin |title=Heartbleed Flaw Could Reach to Digital Devices, Experts Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/11/business/security-flaw-could-reach-beyond-websites-to-digital-devices-experts-say.html |date=11 April 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=11 April 2014 }}{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-26954540 |title=Heartbleed Bug: Tech firms urge password reset |publisher=BBC |date=9 April 2014|access-date=10 April 2014}}
Researchers show the first evidence that green tea extract enhances cognitive functions, especially the working memory, suggesting a possible treatment for impairments such as dementia.{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140407101545.htm |title=Green tea extract boosts your brain power, especially the working memory, new research shows |publisher=Science Daily |date=7 April 2014|access-date=8 April 2014}}
8 April – A battery that can charge in under 30 seconds is demonstrated at a technology conference in Tel Aviv.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-26934932 |title=Battery offers 30-second phone charging |publisher=BBC |date=8 April 2014|access-date=10 April 2014}}
9 April – Scientists reconstruct a gigantic asteroid impact that occurred 3.26 billion years ago near the Barberton Greenstone Belt. The impactor was up to 58 km (36 miles) wide, leaving a hole almost 480 km (300 miles) across – two and a half times larger in diameter than the Chicxulub crater which killed off the dinosaurs.{{cite web|url=http://news.agu.org/press-release/scientists-reconstruct-ancient-impact-that-dwarfs-dinosaur-extinction-blast/ |title= Scientists reconstruct ancient impact that dwarfs dinosaur-extinction blast |publisher=AGU |date=9 April 2014|access-date=10 April 2014}}
10 April
NASA scientists report the possible discovery of the first exomoon candidate.{{cite web |last=Clavin |first=Whitney |title=Faraway Moon or Faint Star? Possible Exomoon Found |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-109 |date=10 April 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=10 April 2014 }}{{cite journal |last1=Bennett|first1= D.P. |last2= Batista |first2= V. |last3= Bond |first3= I. A. |last4= Bennett |first4= C. S. |last5= Suzuki |first5= D. |last6= Beaulieu |first6= J. -P. |last7= Udalski |first7= A. |last8= Donatowicz |first8= J. |last9= Abe |first9= F. |last10= Botzler |first10= C. S. |last11= Freeman |first11= M. |last12= Fukunaga |first12= D. |last13= Fukui |first13= A. |last14= Itow |first14= Y. |last15= Koshimoto |first15= N. |last16= Ling |first16= C. H. |last17= Masuda |first17= K. |last18= Matsubara |first18= Y. |last19= Muraki |first19= Y. |last20= Namba |first20= S. |last21= Ohnishi |first21= K. |last22= Rattenbury |first22= N. J. |last23= Saito |first23= To. |last24= Sullivan |first24= D. J. |last25= Sumi |first25= T. |last26= Sweatman |first26= W. L. |last27= Tristram |first27= P. J. |last28= Tsurumi |first28= N. |last29= Wada |first29= K. |title=A Sub-Earth-Mass Moon Orbiting a Gas Giant Primary or a High Velocity Planetary System in the Galactic Bulge |arxiv=1312.3951 |display-authors= etal |year= 2013 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/155 |bibcode=2014ApJ...785..155B |volume=785 |issue= 2 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |page=155|s2cid= 118327512 }} (artist image)
NASA astronomers report that the Hubble Space Telescope can now precisely measure distances up to 10,000 light-years away by using spatial scanning, a ten-fold improvement over earlier measurements.{{cite web |last1=Harrington |first1=J.D. |last2=Villard |first2=Ray |title=NASA's Hubble Extends Stellar Tape Measure 10 Times Farther into Space |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/april/nasas-hubble-extends-stellar-tape-measure-10-times-farther-into-space |date=10 April 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=11 April 2014 }} (related image)

File:Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg - an Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone of its host star (artist concept; 17 April 2014).]]

11 April – A new statistical analysis of temperature data since the year 1500 concludes "with confidence levels greater than 99%, and most likely greater than 99.9%" that recent global warming is not caused by natural factors and is man-made.{{cite web |last1=Lovejoy |first1=Shaun |last2=Chipello |first2=Chris |title=Is global warming just a giant natural fluctuation? |url=https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/global-warming-just-giant-natural-fluctuation-235236 |publisher=McGill University |date=11 April 2014 |access-date=17 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012509/https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/global-warming-just-giant-natural-fluctuation-235236 |archive-date=19 April 2014}}{{cite journal |last=Lovejoy |first=S. |title=Scaling fluctuation analysis and statistical hypothesis testing of anthropogenic warming |date=April 2014 |journal=Climate Dynamics |volume=42 |issue=9–10 |pages=2339–2351 |doi=10.1007/s00382-014-2128-2|bibcode = 2014ClDy...42.2339L |s2cid=128760093 }}
14 April – NASA scientists report the possible beginning of a new moon, within the A Ring, of the planet Saturn.{{cite web |last1=Platt |first1=Jane |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=NASA Cassini Images May Reveal Birth of a Saturn Moon |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-112 |date=14 April 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=14 April 2014 }} (related image)
15 April – A total lunar eclipse occurs, visible across the Pacific Ocean and the Americas.
16 April – The discovery of a protein, dubbed Juno, that is essential to mammalian fertilization is announced in Nature.{{cite journal | title =Juno is the egg Izumo receptor and is essential for mammalian fertilization|author= Enrica Bianchi|author2= Brendan Doe|author3= David Goulding|author4= Gavin J. Wright|name-list-style= amp|journal =Nature|doi=10.1038/nature13203|date=16 April 2014| volume=508| issue =7497| pages=483–487| pmid=24739963| pmc=3998876|bibcode=2014Natur.508..483B}}
17 April
NASA announces the discovery of Kepler-186f, the first Earth-sized exoplanet within the habitable zone of its host star.{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Scientists Find an 'Earth Twin,' or Maybe a Cousin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/18/science/space/scientists-find-an-earth-twin-or-maybe-a-cousin.html |date=17 April 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=17 April 2014 }}{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Michele |last2=Harrington |first2=J.D. |title=NASA's Kepler Discovers First Earth-Size Planet in The 'Habitable Zone' of Another Star |url=http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-discovers-first-earth-size-planet-in-the-habitable-zone-of-another-star |date=17 April 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=17 April 2014 }} (artist concept and comparison)
Advanced Cell Technology announces that it created new human embryonic stem cells by fusing DNA from an adult with an enucleated egg cell, a form of human cloning.{{cite magazine|title=Researchers Clone Cells From Two Adult Men|magazine=TIME|url=https://time.com/65610/cloning-cells-from-two-adult-men/|access-date=17 April 2014|date=17 April 2014|author=Alice Park}}
Researchers at Cardiff University achieve a major breakthrough in treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the most common form of leukaemia.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-27073711 |title=Leukaemia: Cardiff University breakthrough in disease treatment |publisher=BBC |date=17 April 2014|access-date=17 April 2014}}
18 April
A flight test of controlled-descent hardware and software on the first-stage booster of a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle occurred on April 18, 2014, and became the first successful controlled ocean soft touchdown of a liquid-rocket-engine orbital booster.

{{cite news |last=Belfiore|first=Michael |title=SpaceX Brings a Booster Safely Back to Earth |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/526806/spacex-brings-a-booster-safely-back-to-earth/ |access-date=25 April 2014 |newspaper=MIT Technology Review |date=22 April 2014 }}

{{cite news |last1=Orwig|first1=Jessica |title=Elon Musk Just Unveiled A Game-Changing Ocean Landing Pad For His Reusable Rockets |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-rockets-that-land-at-sea-2014-11 |access-date=2014-12-11 |work=Business Insider |date=2014-11-25 |quote=The first successful "soft landing" of a Falcon 9 rocket happened in April of this year }} The booster stage successfully approached the water surface with no spin and at zero vertical velocity, as designed.{{cite news |last=Belfiore|first=Michael |title=SpaceX Set to Launch the World's First Reusable Booster |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/525426/spacex-set-to-launch-the-worlds-first-reusable-booster/ |access-date=14 March 2014 |newspaper=MIT Technology Review |date=13 March 2014 |quote=SpaceX is counting on lower launch costs to increase demand for launch services. But Foust cautions that this strategy comes with risk. 'It's worth noting,' he says, 'that many current customers of launch services, including operators of commercial satellites, aren't particularly price sensitive, so thus aren't counting on reusability to lower costs.' That means those additional launches, and thus revenue, may have to come from markets that don't exist yet. 'A reusable system with much lower launch costs might actually result in lower revenue for that company unless they can significantly increase demand,' says Foust. 'That additional demand would likely have to come from new markets, with commercial human spaceflight perhaps the biggest and best-known example.'}} The booster had been traveling at a velocity of {{convert|10|Mach|altitude_ft=262000|sigfig=2}}{{cite news |last=Norris|first=Guy |title=SpaceX Plans For Multiple Reusable Booster Tests |url=http://aviationweek.com/space/spacex-plans-multiple-reusable-booster-tests |access-date=17 May 2014 |newspaper=Aviation Week |date=28 April 2014 |quote=The April 17 F9R Dev 1 flight, which lasted under 1 min., was the first vertical landing test of a production-representative recoverable Falcon 9 v1.1 first stage, while the April 18 cargo flight to the ISS was the first opportunity for SpaceX to evaluate the design of foldable landing legs and upgraded thrusters that control the stage during its initial descent.}} at an altitude of {{convert|80000|m|ft|sp=us}}{{cite web |title=SpaceX CRS-3 Mission Press Kit: Cargo Resupply Services Mission |url=http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/SpaceXCRS-3_PressKit_FINAL.pdf |publisher=NASA |access-date=15 March 2014 |date=March 2014 |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810231616/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/SpaceXCRS-3_PressKit_FINAL.pdf |url-status=dead }} prior to the descent test.

NASA announces that the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft successfully completed its mission with a planned{{update after|2014|12|26}} impact on the moon at about 12:30am/et/usa.{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Study of Moon's Atmosphere Ends With Planned Crash |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/19/science/space/nasa-lunar-explorer.html |date=19 April 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=19 April 2014 }}{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Dwayne |last2=Hoover |first2=Rachel |last3=Washington |first3=Dewayne |title=RELEASE 14-113 NASA Completes LADEE Mission with Planned Impact on Moon's Surface |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/april/nasa-completes-ladee-mission-with-planned-impact-on-moons-surface/ |date=18 April 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=19 April 2014 }}
19 April – A particularly bright meteor, presumably from Lyrids, flashes over several Russian cities, including Murmansk, and is recorded by dash cams.{{cite web | url =http://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/meteor-over-murmansk-russian-fireball-caught-dashcams-n84876| title =Meteor Over Murmansk: Russian Fireball Caught on Dashcams |author=Alan Boyle|work =NBC News| date =19 April 2014 | access-date =20 April 2014}} The meteor burned away above the Earth around 2:10 a.m. local time.{{cite web | url =http://www.gazeta.ru/social/news/2014/04/19/n_6095761.shtml| script-title=ru:Над Мурманском пролетел крупный метеорит|publisher =Gazeta.ru|language=ru| access-date =20 April 2014| date=19 April 2014}}
22 April – Asteroid impacts are more common than previously thought, according to a presentation by the B612 Foundation, which shows evidence that 26 multi-kiloton collisions have occurred since 2001.{{cite web|title=B612 Foundation Releases Video at Seattle Museum of Flight Earth Day Event Showing Evidence of 26 Multi-Kiloton Asteroid Impacts Since 2001 |url=https://b612foundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/B612_PR_042214.pdf |date=22 April 2014 |work=B612 Foundation |access-date=23 April 2014 }}{{dead link|date=September 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
23 April – The Federal Communications Commission announces that it will consider a new rule that will allow Internet service providers to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position.{{cite news |last=Wyatt |first=Edward |title=F.C.C., in 'Net Neutrality' Turnaround, Plans to Allow Fast Lane |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/24/technology/fcc-new-net-neutrality-rules.html |date=23 April 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2014-04-23 }} A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School.{{cite news |last=Crawford |first=Susan |author-link=Susan P. Crawford |title=The Wire Next Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/28/opinion/the-wire-next-time.html |date=28 April 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2014-04-28 }}
24 April
Kryptodrakon is classified as the oldest pterodactyloid pterosaur discovered to date.{{cite news|title=Meet Kryptodrakon: Oldest Known Pterodactyl Found in China|work=National Geographic|date=24 April 2014|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/04/140424-pterodactyl-pterosaur-china-oldest-science-animals/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425022505/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/04/140424-pterodactyl-pterosaur-china-oldest-science-animals/|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 April 2014|author=Christine Dell'Amore|access-date=25 April 2014}}
Nautilus Minerals has finalised an agreement with Papua New Guinea over the first deep sea mining operations.{{cite web |title=Agreement reached on deep sea mining |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27158883 |date=25 April 2014 |work=BBC |access-date=26 April 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Nautilus Minerals and State of PNG Resolve Issues and Sign Agreement |url=http://www.nautilusminerals.com/s/Media-NewsReleases.asp?ReportID=649293&_Type=News-Releases&_Title=Nautilus-Minerals-and-State-of-PNG-Resolve-Issues-and-Sign-Agreement |date=24 April 2014 |work=Nautilus Minerals |access-date=24 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426202302/http://www.nautilusminerals.com/s/Media-NewsReleases.asp?ReportID=649293&_Type=News-Releases&_Title=Nautilus-Minerals-and-State-of-PNG-Resolve-Issues-and-Sign-Agreement |archive-date=26 April 2014}} A project known as Solwara 1 aims to extract ores of copper, gold and other valuable metals from depths of 1,500m.{{cite web|title=Solwara 1 Project – High Grade Copper and Gold |url=http://www.nautilusminerals.com/s/Projects-Solwara.asp |date=25 April 2014 |work=Nautilus Minerals |access-date=26 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812102807/http://www.nautilusminerals.com/s/Projects-Solwara.asp |archive-date=12 August 2010 }}
25 April – The sequencing of the tsetse fly genome, which causes the deadly sleeping sickness in Africa, is completed after a 10-year multimillion-dollar effort.{{cite web |title=Scientists crack genetic code of deadly tsetse fly |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/apr/25/scientists-crack-genetic-code-tsetse-fly-africa-sleeping-sickness |date=25 April 2014 |work=The Guardian |access-date=25 April 2014 }}

File:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg

28 April
Stanford bioengineers have developed faster, more energy-efficient microchips based on the human brain – 9,000 times faster and using significantly less power than a typical PC.{{cite web |title=Stanford bioengineers create circuit board modeled on the human brain |url=http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-neurogrid-boahen-engineering-042814.html |date=28 April 2014 |work=Stanford University |access-date=30 April 2014 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122182434/https://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-neurogrid-boahen-engineering-042814.html |url-status=dead }}
Levels of atmospheric methane – a powerful greenhouse gas – had been stable for a decade, but recently began rising again. This can be explained by emissions from northern wetlands and thawing permafrost, according to a major study.{{cite web |title=Wetlands Likely to Blame for Greenhouse Gas Increases: Study |url=http://www.uoguelph.ca/news/2014/04/wetlands_likely.html |date=28 April 2014 |work=University of Guelph |access-date=12 May 2014 }}
29 April – An annular solar eclipse occurs.
30 April
Antibiotic resistance is now a "major global threat" to public health, according to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO).{{cite web |title=WHO's first global report on antibiotic resistance reveals serious, worldwide threat to public health |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/amr-report/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430150557/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/amr-report/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 April 2014 |date=30 April 2014 |work=WHO |access-date=30 April 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Antibiotic resistance now 'global threat', WHO warns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-27204988 |date=30 April 2014 |work=BBC |access-date=30 April 2014 }}
Astronomers have measured an exoplanet's length of day for the first time. Beta Pictoris b was found to have a day that lasts only eight hours.{{cite web |title=Length of Exoplanet Day Measured for First Time |url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1414/#.U2JQlD7grYI.twitter |date=30 April 2014 |work=ESO |access-date=2 May 2014 }}

=May=

1 May – Cancer researchers report that e-cigarettes "get so hot that they, too, can produce a handful of the carcinogens found in cigarettes and at similar levels".{{cite news |last=Richtel |first=Matt |title=Some E-Cigarettes Deliver a Puff of Carcinogens |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/04/business/some-e-cigarettes-deliver-a-puff-of-carcinogens.html |date=3 May 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=4 May 2014 }}
5 May – The World Health Organization (WHO) announces that the spread of polio is a world health emergency - outbreaks of the disease in Asia, Africa and the Middle East are considered "extraordinary".{{cite news |author=Staff |title=UN: Spread of polio now an world health emergency |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140505/eu-med-polio-emergency-6e6900dc37.html |date=5 May 2014 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=5 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505170700/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140505/eu-med-polio-emergency-6e6900dc37.html |archive-date=5 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |last=Gladstone |first=Rick |title=Polio Spreading at Alarming Rates, World Health Organization Declares |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/06/health/world-health-organization-polio-health-emergency.html |date=5 May 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=5 May 2014 }}
6 May – The third [http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/ National Climate Assessment] is released by the US government.{{cite news |title=USGCRP Releases National Climate Assessment, Launches New Website |url=http://www.globalchange.gov/news/usgcrp-releases-national-climate-assessment-launches-new-website-0 |date=6 May 2014 |work=USGCRP |access-date=6 May 2014 }}
7 May
The first realistic "virtual universe" is created, simulating 13 billion years of cosmic evolution in a cube with 350 million light year long sides and unprecedented resolution.{{cite news |title=Universe evolution recreated in lab |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27299017 |date=7 May 2014 |work=BBC |access-date=7 May 2014 }}{{cite news |title=Astronomers Create First Realistic Virtual Universe |url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2014-10 |date=7 May 2014 |work=Harvard |access-date=7 May 2014 }}
Researchers announce that they successfully introduced two artificial nucleotides, Unnatural Base Pairs (UBRs), into bacterial DNA, and by including the individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured two fused aromatic rings which formed a complex mimicking the natural (dG–dC) base pair.{{cite news |last=Pollack |first=Andrew |title=Researchers Report Breakthrough in Creating Artificial Genetic Code |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/08/business/researchers-report-breakthrough-in-creating-artificial-genetic-code.html |date=7 May 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=7 May 2014 }}{{cite journal |last=Callaway |first=Ewen |title=First life with 'alien' DNA |url=http://www.nature.com/news/first-life-with-alien-dna-1.15179 |date=7 May 2014 |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/nature.2014.15179 |s2cid=86967999 |access-date=7 May 2014 }}{{cite journal |last1=Malyshev |first1=Denis A. |last2=Dhami |first2=Kirandeep |last3=Lavergne |first3=Thomas |last4=Chen |first4=Tingjian |last5=Dai |first5=Nan |last6=Foster |first6=Jeremy M. |last7=Corrêa |first7=Ivan R. |last8=Romesberg |first8=Floyd E. |title=A semi-synthetic organism with an expanded genetic alphabet |date=7 May 2014 |journal=Nature |volume=509 |issue=7500 |pages=385–388 |doi=10.1038/nature13314 |bibcode = 2014Natur.509..385M |pmid=24805238 |pmc=4058825}}
For the first time, researchers sequence the genome of the spider.{{cite news |title=Mapping the spider genome|url=http://scitech.au.dk/en/current-affairs/news/show/artikel/mapping-of-the-spider-genome/ |date=7 May 2014 |work=Aarhus University |access-date=8 May 2014 }}
Global scientific output doubles every nine years, according to a new analysis going back to the year 1650.{{cite news |title=Global scientific output doubles every nine years|url=http://blogs.nature.com/news/2014/05/global-scientific-output-doubles-every-nine-years.html |date=7 May 2014 |work=Nature |access-date=9 May 2014 }}
8 May – Scientists publish a comprehensive study of Comet ISON and its disintegration, reported to have occurred on 2 December 2013, suggesting that the comet fully disintegrated hours before perihelion.{{cite arXiv |last1=Sekanina |first1=Zdenek |last2=Kracht |first2=Rainer |title=Disintegration of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) Shortly Before Perihelion: Evidence From Independent Data Sets |date=8 May 2014 |eprint=1404.5968 |class=astro-ph.EP }}
9 May
The maximum theoretical limit of energy needed to control the magnetisation of a single atom is demonstrated, a finding that could improve nanotechnology devices and quantum computers.{{cite news |title=At the frontiers of magnetism|url=https://www.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2014/05/at-the-frontiers-of-magnetism.html |date=9 May 2014 |work=Nature |access-date=10 May 2014 }}
After eight years of development, a new hi-tech bionic arm becomes the first of its kind to gain FDA approval for mass production.{{cite news |title=From Idea to Market in Eight Years, DARPA-Funded DEKA Arm System Earns FDA Approval |url=http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2014/05/09a.aspx |date=9 May 2014 |work=DARPA |access-date=11 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224722/http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2014/05/09a.aspx |archive-date=12 May 2014}}
13 May – New research shows unlimited heat potential in graphene.{{cite news |title=Physicists show unlimited heat conduction in graphene|url=http://phys.org/news/2014-05-physicists-unlimited-graphene.html |date=13 May 2014 |work=PhysOrg|access-date=18 May 2014 }}

File:NASA14135-Jupiter-GreatRedSpot-Shrinks-20140515.jpg - Great Red Spot is decreasing in size (15 May 2014).]]

14 May
Even the multiverse will come to an end, according to a new view of quantum theory.{{cite news |title=Quantum twist could kill off the multiverse |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22229692.600-quantum-twist-could-kill-off-the-multiverse.html |date=14 May 2014 |work=New Scientist |access-date=15 May 2014 }}
A new device is developed that can sort, store and retrieve individual cells for study, using components similar to those that control electrons in microchips.{{cite news |title=Microchip-Like Technology Allows Single-Cell Analysis |url=http://www.pratt.duke.edu/news/microchip-technology-allows-single-cell-analysis |date=14 May 2014 |work=Duke University |access-date=15 May 2014 }}
15 May
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decides to consider two options regarding internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality.{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Searching for Fairness on the Internet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/opinion/searching-for-fairness-on-the-internet.html |date=15 May 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2014-05-15 }}{{cite news |last=Wyatt |first=Edward |title=F.C.C. Backs Opening Net Rules for Debate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/technology/fcc-road-map-to-net-neutrality.html |date=15 May 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2014-05-15 }}
Jupiter's red spot continues to shrink, as shown in new images.{{cite web |last1=Harrington |first1=J.D. |last2=Weaver |first2=Donna |last3=Villard |first3=Ray |title=Release 14-135 - NASA's Hubble Shows Jupiter's Great Red Spot is Smaller than Ever Measured |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/may/nasas-hubble-shows-jupiters-great-red-spot-is-smaller-than-ever-measured |date=15 May 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=16 May 2014 }}{{cite news |title=The shrinking of Jupiter's Great Red Spot |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1410/ |date=15 May 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=16 May 2014 }}
16 May
NASA extends the Kepler mission to the K2 mission, a reduced two reaction wheel operation mode necessitated by faults in the originally designed four wheel mode used to accurately aim the telescope, to continue exoplanet discovery as well as new scientific observation opportunities.{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/ames/kepler-mission-manager-update-k2-has-been-approved/ |title=Kepler Mission Manager Update: K2 Has Been Approved! |work=nasa.gov |date=16 May 2014 |publisher=NASA |access-date=17 May 2014 |others=NASA Official: Brian Dunbar; Image credit(s): NASA Ames/W. Stenzel |first=Charlie |last=Sobeck |editor1-first=Michele |editor1-last=Johnson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517191944/http://www.nasa.gov/content/ames/kepler-mission-manager-update-k2-has-been-approved/ |archive-date=17 May 2014 |url-status=live}}
In a report published in the journal Science, genetic testing of the skeleton dubbed "Naia" indicates that Paleoamericans and modern Native Americans have the same descendants.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27432234 |title=Sunken body clue to American origins |first=Jonathan |last=Amos |date=15 May 2014 |work= BBC News}}
Genetic mutations that drive cancer are tracked back to cancer stem cells in patients for the first time.{{cite news |title=Genetic tracking identifies cancer stem cells in patients |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2014-05-16-genetic-tracking-identifies-cancer-stem-cells-patients |date=16 May 2014 |work=University of Oxford |access-date=16 May 2014 }}
17 May – Paleontologists in Argentina discover what appears to be the largest dinosaur yet found. Based on its gigantic thigh bones, it was 40 m (130 ft) long and 20 m (65 ft) tall, weighing 77 tonnes. This species of Titanosaur lived in the forests of Patagonia between 95 and 100 million years ago.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27441156 |title='Biggest dinosaur ever' discovered |date=17 May 2014 |work= BBC News|access-date=17 May 2014}}
19 May
Scientists announce that numerous microbes, like Tersicoccus phoenicis, may be resistant to methods usually used in spacecraft assembly clean rooms, and as a consequence, may have unintentionally contaminated spacecraft. However, it's not currently known if such resistant microbes could have withstood space travel and are present on the Curiosity rover now on the planet Mars.{{cite journal |last=Madhusoodanan |first=Jyoti |title=Microbial stowaways to Mars identified |url=http://www.nature.com/news/microbial-stowaways-to-mars-identified-1.15249 |date=19 May 2014 |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/nature.2014.15249 |s2cid=87409424 |access-date=23 May 2014 }}
NASA begins construction of the 2016 Mars Lander, InSight.{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |last3=Napier |first3=Gary |title=Construction to Begin on 2016 NASA Mars Lander |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-156&1 |date=19 May 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=20 May 2014 |archive-date=20 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520215609/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-156&1 |url-status=dead }}
Antarctica is now losing about 160 billion tonnes of ice a year to the ocean - twice as much as when the continent was last surveyed.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27465050 Esa's Cryosat mission sees Antarctic ice losses double - BBC News]
21 May – The International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE) announces its annual list of the "Top 10 New Species" and includes the microbe Tersicoccus phoenicis which is resistant to methods usually used in spacecraft assembly clean rooms to prevent contaminating celestial bodies that spacecraft may visit.{{cite news|title=New Species Identified in 2014|work=Voice of America|author=Rosanne Skirble|date=22 May 2014|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/new-species-identified-in-2014/1920625.html|access-date=22 May 2014}}
25 May – Researchers have found a mutated gene common to a rare, but particularly virulent, form of pancreatic cancer.{{cite news |url=http://www.ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/gene_mutation_found_for_aggressive_form_of_pancreatic_cancer |title=Gene Mutation Found for Aggressive Form of Pancreatic Cancer |date=28 May 2014 |publisher=UC San Diego |access-date=28 May 2014}}
28 May – The first two attempts at a database of every single human protein - the "proteome" - have been made public.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27592655 |title='First drafts' of human protein catalogue published |date=28 May 2014 |work=BBC News|access-date=28 May 2014}}
29 May – Scientists have transferred data by quantum teleportation over a distance of 10 feet with a zero percent error rate.{{cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |title=Scientists Report Finding Reliable Way to Teleport Data |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/30/science/scientists-report-finding-reliable-way-to-teleport-data.html |date=29 May 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=29 May 2014 }}{{cite journal |author=Pfaff, W. |title=Unconditional quantum teleportation between distant solid-state quantum bits |date=29 May 2014 |journal=Science |volume=345 |issue=6196 |pages=532–535 |doi=10.1126/science.1253512 |last2=Hensen |first2=B. J. |last3=Bernien |first3=H. |last4=Van Dam |first4=S. B. |last5=Blok |first5=M. S. |last6=Taminiau |first6=T. H. |last7=Tiggelman |first7=M. J. |last8=Schouten |first8=R. N. |last9=Markham |first9=M. |last10=Twitchen |first10=D. J. |last11=Hanson |first11=R. |arxiv = 1404.4369 |bibcode = 2014Sci...345..532P |pmid=25082696|s2cid=2190249 }}

=June=

File:NASA-HS201427a-HubbleUltraDeepField2014-20140603.jpg image (full range of UV to NIR light) includes galaxies existing shortly after the Big Bang (June 2014).]]

2 June – Inspired by dinosaurs, scientists from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) develop a robot that runs at a speed of {{convert|46|km/h|mph}} on a treadmill.{{cite web |title=Raptor robot runs at 28.58 mph, faster than any human|url=http://www.kurzweilai.net/kaist-raptor-robot-runs-at-28-58-mph-faster-than-any-human |date=2 June 2014 |work=BBC |access-date=3 June 2014 }}
3 June
NASA releases the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field image composed of, for the first time, the full range of ultraviolet to near-infrared light. The image, in the constellation Fornax, includes some of the most distant galaxies to have been imaged by an optical telescope, existing shortly after the Big Bang.{{cite web |last1=Harrington |first1=J.D. |last2=Jenkins |first2=Ann |last3=Villard |first3=Ray |title=NASA RELEASE 14-151 - Hubble Team Unveils Most Colorful View of Universe Captured by Space Telescope |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/june/hubble-team-unveils-most-colorful-view-of-universe-captured-by-space-telescope/ |date=3 June 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=4 June 2014 }} (related image)
The Curiosity rover on the planet Mars observes the planet Mercury transiting the Sun, marking the first time a planetary transit has been observed from a celestial body besides Earth.{{cite web |last=Webster |first=Guy |title=Mercury Passes in Front of the Sun, as Seen From Mars |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-183 |date=10 June 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=10 June 2014 }} (related image)
Two international trials suggest a promising breakthrough in the treatment of advanced skin cancer.{{cite web |title=Skin cancer trial results 'exciting' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-27674658 |date=3 June 2014 |work=BBC |access-date=4 June 2014 }}
4 June – Astronomers detect the first Thorne-Żytkow objects (TŻOs). These hybrids of red supergiant and neutron stars, first proposed in 1975, had been "theoretical" until now.{{cite web |title=Astronomers discover first Thorne-Zytkow object, a bizarre type of hybrid star |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-06-astronomers-thorne-zytkow-bizarre-hybrid-star.html |date=4 June 2014 |work=PhysOrg |access-date=4 June 2014 }}
10 June – Earth and the Moon are 60 million years older than previously believed, according to new evidence.{{cite web |title=From today, the Earth is around 60 million years older -- and so is the moon|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-06/eaog-ftt060914.php |date=10 June 2014 |work=Eurekalert |access-date=11 June 2014 }}
11 June – The salmon genome is fully sequenced.{{cite web |title=Milestone in salmon research – genome fully sequenced |url=http://www.forskningsradet.no/en/Newsarticle/Milestone_in_salmon_research__genome_fully_sequenced/1253996850590/p1177315753918 |date=11 June 2014 |work=The Research Council of Norway |access-date=12 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104024/http://www.forskningsradet.no/en/Newsarticle/Milestone_in_salmon_research__genome_fully_sequenced/1253996850590/p1177315753918 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}
12 June – Researchers present new evidence of vast amounts of water in a transition layer below Earth's crust. Although not in liquid form, it may represent the planet's single largest reservoir.{{cite web |title=New Evidence for Oceans of Water Deep in the Earth|url=http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2014/06/new-evidence-for-oceans-of-water-deep-in-the-earth.html |date=12 June 2014 |work=Northwestern University|access-date=14 June 2014 }}
13 June – A new hybrid, flexible, energy-efficient circuit that merges carbon nanotubes with other thin film transistors that could replace silicon as the traditional material used in electronic chips is reported in Nature Communications. It could be commercially available in the 2020s.{{cite journal |title=Large-scale complementary macroelectronics using hybrid integration of carbon nanotubes and IGZO thin-film transistors|volume=5 |pages=4097 |date=13 June 2014 |journal= Nature Communications|doi=10.1038/ncomms5097 |pmid=24923382 |last1=Chen |first1=Haitian |last2=Cao |first2=Yu |last3=Zhang |first3=Jialu |last4=Zhou |first4=Chongwu |bibcode=2014NatCo...5.4097C |doi-access=free }}

File:PIA16239 High-Resolution Self-Portrait by Curiosity Rover Arm Camera.jpg completed its first Martian year (687 Earth days) on the planet Mars (24 June 2014).]]

16 June
Researchers at King's College London develop a new dental technique known as Electrically Accelerated and Enhanced Remineralisation. This allows a decayed tooth to effectively repair and heal itself without the need for drills, needles or fillings.{{cite web |title=No drilling, no filling, no fuss -- King's spin-out will put tooth decay in a 'time warp' |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-06/kcl-ndn061614.php |date=16 June 2014 |work=King's College London |access-date=20 June 2014 }}
Sedentary behavior increases risk of certain cancers, according to a new study.{{cite web |title=Sedentary behavior increases risk of certain cancers|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140616204357.htm |date=16 June 2014 |work=Science Daily|access-date=19 June 2014 }}
19 June
A new way to attack antibiotic-resistant bacteria is announced. It involves blocking the mechanism they use to build their exterior coating.{{cite web |title=Bacteria 'bricklayer' protein set for attack |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27907461 |date=19 June 2014 |work=BBC |access-date=19 June 2014 }}
Astronomers report lowered confidence in confirming cosmic inflation evidence of gravitational waves announced on 17 March 2014.
23 June
Globally, May 2014 was the hottest May on record, according to data released by NOAA.{{cite web |title=Global Analysis - May 2014|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2014/5 |date=23 June 2014 |work=NOAA |access-date=24 June 2014 }}
NASA announces strong evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan, a moon of the planet Saturn, came from materials in the Oort cloud, associated with comets, and not from materials that formed Saturn in earlier times.{{cite web |last1=Dyches |first1=Preston |last2=Clavin |first2=Clavin |title=Titan's Building Blocks Might Pre-date Saturn |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-200 |date=23 June 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=24 June 2014 }}
24 June
NASA reports the Curiosity rover on Mars completed its first Martian year—687 Earth days—after finding that Mars once had environmental conditions favorable for microbial life.{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=NASA's Mars Curiosity Rover Marks First Martian Year |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-199 |date=23 June 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=23 June 2014 }}
NASA announces the CheMin, short for "Chemistry and Mineralogy", an X-ray powder diffraction instrument aboard the Curiosity rover on Mars, won the 2013 NASA Government Invention of the year award.{{cite web |last=Hoover |first=Rachel |title=Ames Instrument Helps Identify the First Habitable Environment on Mars, Wins Invention Award |url=http://www.nasa.gov/ames/ames-instrument-helps-identify-the-first-habitable-environment-on-mars-wins-invention-award |date=24 June 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=25 June 2014 |archive-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818025152/http://www.nasa.gov/ames/ames-instrument-helps-identify-the-first-habitable-environment-on-mars-wins-invention-award/ |url-status=dead }}
The [http://www.tfsp.info/worldwide-integrated-assessment/ Worldwide Integrated Assessment], issued by the Task Force on Systemic Pesticides, provides "conclusive" evidence that neonicotinoid pesticides are damaging a wide range of beneficial species and are a key factor in the decline of bees.{{cite web |title=New Four Year Scientific Analysis: Systemic Pesticides Pose Global Threat To Biodiversity And Ecosystem Services|url=http://www.tfsp.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/WIA-PR-REL.pdf |date=24 June 2014 |work=Task Force on Systemic Pesticides |access-date=24 June 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Widespread impacts of neonicotinoids 'impossible to deny'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27980344 |date=24 June 2014 |work=BBC |access-date=24 June 2014 }}
26 June
New NASA images show the decline in nitrogen dioxide pollution across the U.S. over the last 10 years.{{cite web |title=New NASA Images Highlight U.S. Air Quality Improvement|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/new-nasa-images-highlight-us-air-quality-improvement/ |date=26 June 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=26 June 2014 }}
Researchers have detected the smallest force ever measured – approximately 42 yoctonewtons – using a unique optical trapping system that provides ultracold atoms. A yoctonewton is one septillionth of a newton.{{cite web |title=Not Much Force: Berkeley Researchers Detect Smallest Force Ever Measured|url=https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2014/06/26/smallest-force-ever-measured/ |date=26 June 2014 |work=Berkeley Lab |access-date=29 June 2014 }}

File:NASA-Saturn-Cassini-TenYears-20140624.jpg after a decade orbiting the planet Saturn.]]

27 June
Scientists identify a new species of elephant shrew, named Macroscelides micus.{{cite news|title=New sengi species is related to an elephant, but small as a mouse|url=http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-elephant-shrew-mouse-sengi-africa-cute-20140627-story.html|newspaper=LA Times|date=27 June 2014|author=Amina Khan|access-date=28 June 2014}}
NASA reports the Curiosity rover on the planet Mars has crossed the boundary line of its "3-sigma safe-to-land ellipse" and is now in territory that may get even more interesting, especially in terms of Martian geology and landscape (view from space).{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Curiosity Mars Rover Reaching Edge of Its Landing Ellipse |url=http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/images/?ImageID=6421 |date=8 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=11 July 2014 }}
29 June – Indonesia now has greater rates of deforestation than Brazil, despite its forests being a quarter the size of the Amazon rainforest.{{cite web |title=Rate of deforestation in Indonesia overtakes Brazil, says study|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/29/rate-of-deforestation-in-indonesia-overtakes-brazil-says-study |date=29 June 2014 |work=The Guardian |access-date=29 June 2014 }}
30 June
NASA celebrates ten-years of studying Saturn and related moons by the Cassini spacecraft.{{cite web |last1=Dyches |first1=Preston |last2=Clavin |first2=Whitney |title=Cassini Celebrates 10 Years Exploring Saturn |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-203 |date=25 June 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=25 June 2014 }} (related image)
Experiments on rat livers have shown that a new cooling method can triple the time that donor organs can be stored outside the body.{{cite web |title=New 'supercooling' technology increases organ preservation time|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Home/Science/New-supercooling-technology-increases-organ-preservation-time/articleshow/37516235.cms |date=30 June 2014 |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 June 2014 }}

= July =

2 July
NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite, designed to measure global CO₂ in precise geographic detail, is launched.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28089165 Nasa launches carbon dioxide observer - BBC News]
NASA reports the ocean inside Titan, a moon of the planet Saturn, may be "as salty as the Earth's Dead Sea".{{cite web |last1=Dyches |first1=Preston |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=Ocean on Saturn Moon Could be as Salty as the Dead Sea |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-217 |date=2 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=2 July 2014 }}{{cite journal |last1=Mitria |first1=Giuseppe |last2=Meriggiolad |first2=Rachele |last3=Hayesc |first3=Alex |last4=Lefevree |first4=Axel |last5=Tobiee | first5=Gabriel |last6=Genovad |first6=Antonio |last7=Luninec |first7=Jonathan I. |last8=Zebkerg |first8=Howard |title=Shape, topography, gravity anomalies and tidal deformation of Titan |date=1 July 2014 |journal=Icarus |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.018 |volume=236 |pages=169–177 |bibcode=2014Icar..236..169M}}
Coral reefs in the Caribbean will disappear within 20 years, according to a new report from the IUCN.[http://www.iucn.org/?16050 IUCN - From despair to repair: Dramatic decline of Caribbean corals can be reversed][https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28113331 Caribbean coral reefs 'could vanish in 20 years' - BBC News]
Fabien Cousteau and two crew members resurface after 31 days living underwater and collecting scientific data.{{cite news|title=Fabien Cousteau Calls the Ocean 'Second Home' After 31-Day Undersea Mission|date=2 July 2014|work=ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/fabien-cousteau-set-emerge-31-day-underwater-mission/story?id=24395897|author=Alyssa Newcomb|access-date=2 July 2014}}{{cite news|title=Cousteau Ends 'Mission 31′ In Florida Keys|date=2 July 2014|author=David Sutta|publisher=CBS4 Miami|url=http://miami.cbslocal.com/2014/07/02/cousteau-ends-mission-31-in-florida-keys/|access-date=3 July 2014}}

File:USGS-MarsMap-sim3292-20140714-crop.png - Geologic Map
(USGS; 14 July 2014)
(full / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quZMhSohIEU video]).{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Mars - Geologic map - Video (00:56) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quZMhSohIEU |date=14 July 2014 |work=USGS |access-date=22 July 2014 }}}}]]

3 July
A genetic mutation that causes autism has been discovered.{{cite web |title=Genetic link to autism found, known as CHD8 mutation |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140703125851.htm |work=Science Daily |date=3 July 2014 |access-date=6 July 2014 }}
Astronomers report that the presumed exoplanets "Gliese 581 d" and the Earth-like "Gliese 581 g" are actually artifacts of stellar activity which, when "incompletely corrected", caused false detections.{{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=Paul |author2-link=Suvrath Mahadevan |last2=Mahadevan |first2=Suvrath |last3=Endl |first3=Michael |last4=Roy |first4=Arpita |title=Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581 |journal=Science |volume=345 |issue=6195 |pages=440–444 |date=3 July 2014 |doi=10.1126/science.1253253 |arxiv = 1407.1049 |bibcode = 2014Sci...345..440R |pmid=24993348|citeseerx=10.1.1.767.2071 |s2cid=206556796 }}{{cite news |last=Quenqua |first=Douglas |title=Earthlike Planets May Be Merely an Illusion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/08/science/earthlike-planets-may-be-merely-an-illusion.html |date=7 July 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 July 2014 }}
4 July – Japanese scientists say they have found a way to slow down the ageing process in flowers by up to a half, meaning bouquets could remain fresh for much longer.{{cite web |title=Japan scientists find ageing cure - for flowers |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-07-japan-scientists-ageing-.html |date=4 July 2014 |work=PhysOrg |access-date=5 July 2014 }}{{cite journal |title=Identification of NAC transcription factor, EPHEMERAL1, that controls petal senescence in Japanese morning glory |first1=Kenichi |last1=Shibuya |first2=Keiichi |last2=Shimizu |first3=Tomoko |last3=Niki |first4=Kazuo |last4=Ichimura |display-authors=2 |volume=79 |issue=6 |pages=1044–1051 |date=September 2014 |journal=The Plant Journal |doi=10.1111/tpj.12605|pmid=24961791 |doi-access=free }}
7 July
NASA reports Voyager 1, the farthest spacecraft from Earth, experienced a new third "tsunami wave", generated from activity (coronal mass ejections) on the sun, further confirming that the probe is in interstellar space.{{cite web |last=Claven |first=Whitney |title=Sun Sends More 'Tsunami Waves' to Voyager 1 |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-221 |date=7 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=8 July 2014 }}
Scientists announce the discovery of a gigantic prehistoric bird, named Pelagornis sandersi, with the largest ever wingspan (up to an estimated {{convert|7.4|m|ft|abbr=on}}).{{cite journal |last=Ksepka |first=Daniel T. |title=Flight performance of the largest volant bird |volume=111 |issue=29 |pages=10624–10629 |date=7 July 2014 |journal=PNAS |doi=10.1073/pnas.1320297111 |bibcode = 2014PNAS..11110624K |pmid=25002475 |pmc=4115518|doi-access=free }}{{cite web |title=Fossil of 'largest flying bird' identified |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28164063 |work=BBC |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=9 July 2014 }}
9 July – The New York Times reports a reboot plan to rescue the International Cometary Explorer (or ICE or ISEE-3) spacecraft, the first spacecraft to visit a comet but removed from service by NASA in 1997, failed. The cause, currently under investigation, was originally believed to be a lack of nitrogen pressurant in the fuel tanks: this has now been proven not to be the case.{{cite web |last=McKinnon |first=Mika |title=Distributed Rocket Science is a Thing Now - ISEE-3 Status Report (10 July 2014) |url=http://space.io9.com/distributed-rocket-science-is-a-thing-now-1603240054/all |date=10 July 2014 |work=ISEE-3 Reboot Project |access-date=12 July 2014 }} The team is continuing to work the thruster issue before the craft reaches a point where the remaining fuel will not be sufficient to meaningfully alter its course. An alternative plan in the use of the spacecraft is to "collect scientific data and send it back to Earth."{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Space Probe Might Lack Nitrogen to Push It Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/10/science/space/space-probe-might-lack-nitrogen-to-push-it-home.html |date=9 July 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=10 July 2014 }}
10 July
NASA reports that gullies on the surface of the planet Mars are mostly formed by the seasonal freezing of carbon dioxide, and not by that of liquid water as considered earlier.{{cite web |last1=Harrington |first1=J.D. |last2=Webster |first2=Guy |title=RELEASE 14-191 - NASA Spacecraft Observes Further Evidence of Dry Ice Gullies on Mars |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/nasa-spacecraft-observes-further-evidence-of-dry-ice-gullies-on-mars |date=10 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=10 July 2014 }}
Two stars – ULAS J0744+25 and ULAS J0015+01 – have been found orbiting the Milky Way at distances of 775,000 and 900,000 light-years from Earth, respectively. This makes them the most distant Milky Way stars ever detected, extending the boundaries of our home galaxy.{{cite web |title=Found! Most Distant Stars in the Milky Way Galaxy |url=http://www.space.com/26483-milky-way-most-distant-stars.html |work=Space.com |date=10 July 2014 |access-date=11 July 2014 }}

File:Driving Distances on Mars and the Moon.png" (NASA;28 July 2014).]]

11 July – The largest ever study of its kind has found significant differences between organic food and conventionally grown crops. The former has almost 70 percent more antioxidants – equivalent to eating between 1-2 extra portions of fruit and vegetables a day – and significantly lower levels of toxic heavy metals.{{cite web |title=New study finds significant differences between organic and non-organic food |url=http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/new-study-finds-significant-differences-between-organic-and-non-organic-food |work=Newcastle University |date=11 July 2014 |access-date=13 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714113032/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/new-study-finds-significant-differences-between-organic-and-non-organic-food |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}
14 July
NASA announces a discussion by space experts about the "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNjuz6MO0eU Search for Life in the Universe]" ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNjuz6MO0eU video replay (86:49)]).{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Dwayne |title=MEDIA ADVISORY M14-117 - Leading Space Experts to Discuss the Search for Life Beyond Earth |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/leading-space-experts-to-discuss-the-search-for-life-beyond-earth |date=10 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=10 July 2014 }}
USGS releases geologic map of the planet Mars.{{cite web |author1=Tanaka, Kenneth L. |author2=Skinner, James A. Jr. |author3=Dohm, James M. |author4=Irwin, Rossman P. III |author5=Kolb, Eric J. |author6=Fortezzo, Corey M. |author7=Platz, Thomas |author8=Michael, Gregory G. |author9=Hare, Trent M. |title=Geologic Map of Mars - 2014 |url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292/ |date=14 July 2014 |work=USGS |access-date=22 July 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Krisch |first=Joshua A. |title=Brand New Look at the Face of Mars |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/23/science/space/brand-new-look-at-the-face-of-mars.html |date=22 July 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=22 July 2014 }} (Mars map => crop / full / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quZMhSohIEU video (00:56)]).
17 July – A new report shows how improvements in agricultural efficiency could feed an extra three billion people.{{cite web |title=New study shows how existing cropland could feed billions more |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-07/uom-nss071114.php |work=University of Minnesota |date=17 July 2014 |access-date=23 July 2014 }}{{cite journal |title=Leverage points for improving global food security and the environment |journal=Science |volume=345 |issue=6194 |pages=325–8 |date=18 July 2014 |bibcode=2014Sci...345..325W |last1=West |first1=Paul C. |last2=Gerber |first2=James S. |last3=Engstrom |first3=Peder M. |last4=Mueller |first4=Nathaniel D. |last5=Brauman |first5=Kate A. |author-link5=Kate Brauman|last6=Carlson |first6=Kimberly M. |last7=Cassidy |first7=Emily S. |last8=Johnston |first8=Matt |last9=MacDonald |first9=Graham K. |last10=Ray |first10=Deepak K. |last11=Siebert |first11=Stefan |doi=10.1126/science.1246067 |pmid=25035492 |s2cid=206552440 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68q6540x }}
20 July – The anaphase-promoting complex – one of the most important and complicated proteins involved in cell division – has been mapped in 3D at a resolution of less than a nanometre. Researchers claim this finding could transform the understanding of cancer and reveal new binding sites for future cancer drugs.{{cite web |title=Scientists map one of most important proteins in life – and cancer |url=https://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/scientists-map-one-of-most-important-proteins-in-life-and-cancer |work=The Institute of Cancer Research |date=20 July 2014 |access-date=22 July 2014 }}{{cite journal |title=Molecular architecture and mechanism of the anaphase-promoting complex |journal=Nature |date=20 July 2014 |doi=10.1038/nature13543 |pmid=25043029 |volume=513 |issue=7518 |pages=388–393|bibcode=2014Natur.513..388C |last1=Chang |first1=Leifu |last2=Zhang |first2=Ziguo |last3=Yang |first3=Jing |last4=McLaughlin |first4=Stephen H |last5=Barford |first5=David |pmc=4456660 }}
21 July
For the first time, researchers have demonstrated proof-of-concept that the HIV virus can be eliminated from the DNA of human cell cultures.{{cite web |title=Temple University Researchers Successfully Eliminate the HIV Virus from Cultured Human Cells for the First Time |url=http://www.temple.edu/medicine/temple_researchers_eliminate_hiv_virus_from_human_cells.htm |work=Temple University |date=21 July 2014 |access-date=22 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026023243/http://www.temple.edu/medicine/temple_researchers_eliminate_hiv_virus_from_human_cells.htm |archive-date=26 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}
Globally, June 2014 was the hottest June since records began in 1880, according to latest data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This follows the warmest May on record the previous month.{{cite web |title=Global Analysis - June 2014 |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2014/6 |work=NOAA|date=21 July 2014 |access-date=22 July 2014 }} Experts predict that 2014 will be an El Niño year.{{cite news |title=World breaks monthly heat record 2 times in a row |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/world-breaks-monthly-heat-record-2-times-row |agency=Associated Press|date=21 July 2014 |access-date=22 July 2014 }}
22 July – Self-cooling solar cells have been developed by Stanford researchers, using tiny pyramid structures made of silica glass.{{cite web |title=Self-cooling Solar Cells Boost Power, Last Longer |url=http://www.osa.org/en-us/about_osa/newsroom/news_releases/2014/self-cooling_solar_cells_boost_power,_last_longer/ |work=The Optical Society |date=22 July 2014 |access-date=26 July 2014 }}
23 July
NASA reports that a massive, potentially damaging, Solar Superstorm (Solar flare, Coronal mass ejection, Solar EMP) event occurred on 23 July 2012, and barely missed Earth.{{cite news |last=Phillips |first=Dr. Tony |title=Near Miss: The Solar Superstorm of July 2012 |url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/23jul_superstorm/ |date=23 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=26 July 2014 }}{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Video (04:03) - Carrington-class coronal mass ejection narrowly misses Earth |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ukQhycKOFw |date=28 April 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=26 July 2014}} There is an estimated 12% chance of a similar event occurring between 2012 and 2022.
For the first time, evidence, in the form of fossilized trackways in Canada, shows that tyrannosaurs may have hunted in packs.{{cite web |last=Sample |first=Ian |title=Researchers find first sign that tyrannosaurs hunted in packs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/jul/23/tyrannosaurs-hunted-packs-tracks-canada |work=The Guardian |date=23 July 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 }}{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0103613| title = A 'Terror of Tyrannosaurs': The First Trackways of Tyrannosaurids and Evidence of Gregariousness and Pathology in Tyrannosauridae| journal = PLOS ONE| volume = 9| issue = 7| pages = e103613| year = 2014| last1 = McCrea | first1 = R. T. |bibcode = 2014PLoSO...9j3613M | pmid=25054328 | pmc=4108409| doi-access = free}}

File:Mars2020Rover-Payload-20140731.jpg - Payload (artist's concept; 31 July 2014).{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Dwayne |title=RELEASE 14-208 - NASA Announces Mars 2020 Rover Payload to Explore the Red Planet as Never Before |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/nasa-announces-mars-2020-rover-payload-to-explore-the-red-planet-as-never-before/ |date=31 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=31 July 2014 }}{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Dwayne |title=NASA Announces Mars 2020 Rover Payload to Explore the Red Planet as Never Before |url=http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1678 |date=31 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=31 July 2014 }}]]

24 July
NASA announces the determination of the most precise measurement so far attained for the size of an exoplanet (Kepler-93b);{{cite web |last=Claven |first=Whitney |title=The Most Precise Measurement of an Alien World's Size |url=http://www.nasa.gov/jpl/spitzer/kepler/precise-measurement-alien-world-20140723/ |date=23 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=25 July 2014 |archive-date=8 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908062550/https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/spitzer/kepler/precise-measurement-alien-world-20140723/ |url-status=dead }} the discovery of an exoplanet (Kepler-421b) that has the longest known year (704 days) of any transiting planet found so far;{{cite web |last=Johnson |first=Michele |title=Astronomers Discover Transiting Exoplanet with Longest Known Year |url=http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/transiting-exoplanet-with-longest-known-year |date=21 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=25 July 2014 |archive-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417220605/https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/transiting-exoplanet-with-longest-known-year/ |url-status=dead }} and, the finding of very dry atmospheres on three exoplanets (HD 189733b, HD 209458b, WASP-12b) orbiting sun-like stars.{{cite web |last1=Harrington |first1=J.D. |last2=Villard |first2=Ray |title=RELEASE 14-197 - Hubble Finds Three Surprisingly Dry Exoplanets |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/hubble-finds-three-surprisingly-dry-exoplanets/ |date=24 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=25 July 2014 }}
A new report from Stanford University warns that biodiversity is reaching a tipping point that will lead to a sixth mass extinction.{{cite web |title=Stanford biologist warns of early stages of Earth's 6th mass extinction event |url=http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-sixth-mass-extinction-072414.html |work=Stanford University |date=24 July 2014 |access-date=25 July 2014 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205230551/https://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-sixth-mass-extinction-072414.html |url-status=dead }}
28 July – NASA reports that the Mars rover, "Opportunity", after having traveled over {{convert|25|mi|km|disp=flip|abbr=on}} on the planet Mars, has set a new "off-world" record as the rover having driven the greatest distance, surpassing the previous record held by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 2 rover that had traveled {{convert|39|km|mi|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=NASA Long-Lived Mars Opportunity Rover Sets Off-World Driving Record |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-245 |date=28 July 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=29 July 2014 }}{{cite web |last=Knapp |first=Alex |title=NASA's Opportunity Rover Sets A Record For Off-World Driving |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2014/07/29/nasas-opportunity-rover-sets-a-record-for-off-world-driving |date=29 July 2014 |work=Forbes |access-date=29 July 2014}} (related image)
31 July
NASA announces the payload for the Mars 2020 rover, an upgraded version of the Curiosity rover presently exploring the planet Mars. (related image).
Scientists report details of the evolution of birds from theropod dinosaurs.{{cite news |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |title=Study traces dinosaur evolution into early birds |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140731/us-sci-shrinking-dinosaurs-a5c053f221.html |date=31 July 2014 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=3 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808042331/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140731/us-sci-shrinking-dinosaurs-a5c053f221.html |archive-date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}{{cite journal |author=Lee, Michael S.Y. |author2=Cau, Andrea |author3=Naish, Darren |author4=Dyke, Gareth J. |title=Sustained miniaturization and anatomical innovation in the dinosaurian ancestors of birds |date=1 August 2014 |journal=Science |volume=345 |issue=6196 |pages=562–566 |doi=10.1126/science.1252243 |bibcode = 2014Sci...345..562L |pmid=25082702|s2cid=37866029 }}
The Australian humpback dolphin is scientifically described in the journal Marine Mammal Science.{{cite journal | title =Taxonomic revision of the humpback dolphins (Sousa spp.), and description of a new species from Australia |doi=10.1111/mms.12152 | volume=30 |issue=4 | journal=Marine Mammal Science | pages=1494–1541|year=2014 |last1=Jefferson |first1=Thomas A |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Howard C |bibcode=2014MMamS..30.1494J }}
Neurons reprogrammed from skin cells have been grafted into the brains of mice for the first time with long-term stability. This demonstration of lastingly stable neuron implantation raises hope for future therapies in humans that could replace sick neurons with healthy ones in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients, for example.{{Cite journal|title=Induced Neural Stem Cells Achieve Long-Term Survival and Functional Integration in the Adult Mouse Brain |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=423–431 |journal=Stem Cell Reports |date=31 July 2014 |doi=10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.06.017 |pmid=25241741 |pmc=4265999 |last1=Hemmer |first1=Kathrin |last2=Zhang |first2=Mingyue |last3=VanWüllen |first3=Thea |last4=Sakalem |first4=Marna |last5=Tapia |first5=Natalia |last6=Baumuratov |first6=Aidos |last7=Kaltschmidt |first7=Christian |last8=Kaltschmidt |first8=Barbara |last9=Schöler |first9=HansR. |last10=Zhang |first10=Weiqi |last11=Schwamborn |first11=JensC. }}

=August=

File:ESA_Rosetta_NAVCAM_Agilkia_landing_site_on_comet_67P_20141106_mosaic.jpg

4 August – A computer simulation by the MD Anderson Cancer Center predicts that on current trends, ongoing improvements in screening and drugs could make hepatitis C a rare disease by 2036.{{cite web |title=Study predicts hepatitis C will become a rare disease in 22 years |url=http://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/news-releases/2014/study-hepatitis-c-rare-22-years.html |work=The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center |date=4 August 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 }}
6 August
The Curiosity rover celebrates its second anniversary since landing on the planet Mars in 2012.{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=NASA Mars Curiosity Rover: Two Years and Counting on Red Planet |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-262 |date=5 August 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=6 August 2014 }}
The Rosetta spacecraft arrives at Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spacecraft is to begin close extended studies of a comet for the first time and is expected to land an associated probe, named Philae, on the comet's surface in November, 2014.{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Rosetta Spacecraft Set for Unprecedented Close Study of a Comet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/06/science/space/rosetta-spacecraft-set-for-unprecedented-close-study-of-a-comet.html |date=5 August 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=5 August 2014 }}
7 August – Scientists at IBM Research have created a neuromorphic (brain-like) computer chip with 1 million programmable neurons and 256 million programmable synapses across 4096 individual neurosynaptic cores.{{cite web |title=New IBM SyNAPSE Chip Could Open Era of Vast Neural Networks |url=https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/44529.wss |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811041907/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/44529.wss |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2014 |work=IBM |date=7 August 2014 |access-date=7 August 2014 }}
8 August – A stroke therapy using stem cells extracted from patients' bone marrow has shown promising results in the first trial of its kind in humans.{{cite web |title=Stem cells show promise for stroke in pilot study |url=http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_8-8-2014-12-58-0 |work=Imperial College London |date=8 August 2014 |access-date=8 August 2014 }}
10 August
The International Cometary Explorer (or ICE or ISEE-3) passes (at 18:17 UTC) about {{convert|9700|mi|km|disp=flip|abbr=on}} from the surface of the Moon and, afterwards, will return to the vicinity of Earth in 17 years. ICE is the first spacecraft to visit a comet but removed from service by NASA in 1997. Recent attempts to regain control of ICE by space enthusiasts have not been successful.{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Rudderless Craft to Get Glimpse of Home Before Sinking into Space's Depths |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/09/science/space/09zombie.html |date=8 August 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=9 August 2014 }}
A carbon dioxide "sponge" that could help absorb man-made emissions from power plants has been announced by the American Chemical Society.{{cite web |title= Carbon Dioxide 'Sponge' Could Ease Transition to Cleaner Energy |url=http://www.newswise.com/articles/carbon-dioxide-sponge-could-ease-transition-to-cleaner-energy |work=ACS |date=10 August 2014 |access-date=13 August 2014 }}
11 August – Astronomers release studies, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) for the first time, that detail the distribution of HCN, HNC, H₂CO, and dust inside the comae of comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2012 S1 (ISON).{{cite web |last1=Zubritsky |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Neal-Jones |first2=Nancy |title=RELEASE 14-038 - NASA's 3-D Study of Comets Reveals Chemical Factory at Work |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/august/goddard/nasa-s-3-d-study-of-comets-reveals-chemical-factory-at-work |date=11 August 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=12 August 2014 }}{{cite journal |author=Cordiner, M.A. |title=Mapping the Release of Volatiles in the Inner Comae of Comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2012 S1 (ISON) Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array |date=11 August 2014 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=792 |pages=L2 |number=1 |doi=10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/L2 |last2=Remijan |first2=A. J. |last3=Boissier |first3=J. |last4=Milam |first4=S. N. |last5=Mumma |first5=M. J. |last6=Charnley |first6=S. B. |last7=Paganini |first7=L. |last8=Villanueva |first8=G. |last9=Bockelée-Morvan |first9=D.|author9-link=Dominique Bockelée-Morvan |last10=Kuan |first10=Y.-J. |last11=Chuang |first11=Y.-L. |last12=Lis |first12=D. C. |last13=Biver |first13=N. |last14=Crovisier |first14=J. |last15=Minniti |first15=D. |last16=Coulson |first16=I. M. |arxiv = 1408.2458 |bibcode = 2014ApJ...792L...2C |s2cid=26277035 }}
13 August
NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 begins returning data on global CO₂.{{cite web |title=New CO₂ Satellite Sends First Data Back to Earth |url=http://www.climatecentral.org/news/nasa-oco2-satellite-data-17893 |work=Climate Central |date=13 August 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014 }}
The 2014 International Congress of Mathematicians awards Fields medals to Artur Avila, Manjul Bhargava, Martin Hairer, and Maryam Mirzakhani. Mirzakhani is the first woman to win a Fields medal.{{cite web |url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/ |title=International Mathematical Union (IMU): Prize Citations |access-date=2014-08-20 |archive-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111174206/http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/ |title=International Mathematical Union (IMU): 2014 |access-date=2014-08-20 |archive-date=3 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203031644/http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014 |url-status=dead }}
14 August
Scientists announce the collection of possible interstellar dust particles from the Stardust spacecraft since returning to Earth in 2006.{{cite web |last1=Agle |first1=DC |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |last3=Jeffs |first3=William |title=Stardust Discovers Potential Interstellar Space Particles |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-278 |date=14 August 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=14 August 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Dunn |first=Marcia |title=Specks returned from space may be alien visitors |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140814/us-sci--alien_stardust-9d21e5267a.html |date=14 August 2014 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=14 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102935/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140814/us-sci--alien_stardust-9d21e5267a.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}{{cite news |last=Hand |first=Eric |title=Seven grains of interstellar dust reveal their secrets |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/seven-grains-interstellar-dust-reveal-their-secrets |date=14 August 2014 |work=Science |access-date=14 August 2014 }}{{cite journal |author=Westphal, Andrew J. |title=Evidence for interstellar origin of seven dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft |date=15 August 2014 |journal=Science |volume=345 |issue=6198 |pages=786–791 |doi=10.1126/science.1252496 |last2=Stroud |last3=Bechtel |last4=Brenker |last5=Butterworth |last6=Flynn |last7=Frank |last8=Gainsforth |last9=Hillier |last10=Postberg |last11=Simionovici |last12=Sterken |last13=Nittler |last14=Allen |last15=Anderson |last16=Ansari |last17=Bajt |last18=Bastien |last19=Bassim |last20=Bridges |last21=Brownlee |last22=Burchell |last23=Burghammer |last24=Changela |last25=Cloetens |last26=Davis |last27=Doll |last28=Floss |last29=Grun |last30=Heck |display-authors=29 |bibcode = 2014Sci...345..786W |pmid=25124433|hdl=2381/32470 |s2cid=206556225 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/10129433 |hdl-access=free }}
A self-organising robot swarm consisting of 1,000 individual machines has been demonstrated by Harvard University.{{cite web |title=A self-organizing thousand-robot swarm |url=http://www.seas.harvard.edu/news/2014/08/self-organizing-thousand-robot-swarm |work=Harvard |date=14 August 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014 }}
15 August – Laser physicists have found a way to make atomic force microscope probes 20 times more sensitive and capable of detecting forces as small as the weight of an individual virus.{{cite web |title=Laser makes microscopes way cooler |url=http://news.anu.edu.au/2014/08/15/laser-makes-microscopes-way-cooler/ |work=ANU|date=15 August 2014 |access-date=17 August 2014 }}
20 August
Russian cosmonauts report finding sea plankton on outer window surfaces of the International Space Station and are unable to explain how it got there.{{cite news |last=Kramer |first=Miriam |title=Sea Plankton on Space Station? Russian Official Claims It's So |url=http://www.space.com/26888-sea-plankton-space-station-russian-claim.html |date=20 August 2014 |work=Space.com |access-date=21 August 2014 }}{{cite web |last=Yirka |first=Bob |title=ITAR-TASS claims Russian cosmonauts have found sea plankton on outside of International Space Station |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-08-itar-tass-russian-cosmonauts-sea-plankton.html |date=21 August 2014 |work=Phys.org |access-date=22 August 2014 }}{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Scientists find traces of sea plankton on ISS surface |url=http://en.itar-tass.com/non-political/745635 |date=19 August 2014 |work=Information Telegraph Agency of Russia |access-date=22 August 2014 }}{{cite web |last=Cowing |first=Keith |author-link=Keith Cowing |title=Russian Scientists Claim That Algae Lives on ISS Exterior (Update) |url=http://nasawatch.com/archives/iss-news/ |date=21 August 2014 |work=NASA Watch |access-date=22 August 2014 }}
Scientists have discovered thousands of different types of microorganisms in Lake Whillans, a large body of water buried {{convert|800|m|ft|abbr=on}} under the Antarctic ice sheet.{{cite journal |last=Fox |first=Douglas |title=Lakes under the ice: Antarctica's secret garden |date=20 August 2014 |journal=Nature |volume=512 |issue=7514 |pages=244–246 |doi=10.1038/512244a |bibcode = 2014Natur.512..244F |pmid=25143097|doi-access=free }}{{cite web |last=Mack |first=Eric |title=Life Confirmed Under Antarctic Ice; Is Space Next? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2014/08/20/life-confirmed-under-antarctic-ice-is-space-next/ |date=20 August 2014 |work=Forbes |access-date=21 August 2014 }}{{cite web |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |title=Antarctic hides extreme ecosystem |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28853387 |work=BBC News |date=20 August 2014 |access-date=21 August 2014 }}
Ice loss from the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets has more than doubled in the last five years, based on extensive mapping by the ESA satellite CryoSat-2. The "unprecedented" rate of melting – around 500 cubic kilometres of ice per year – is the highest on record.{{cite web |title=Record decline of ice sheets: For the first time scientists map elevation changes of Greenlandic and Antarctic glaciers |url=http://www.awi.de/en/news/press_releases/detail/item/record_decline_of_ice_sheets_for_the_first_time_scientists_map_elevation_changes_of_greenlandic_and/ |work=The Alfred Wegener Institute |date=20 August 2014 |access-date=24 August 2014 }}{{cite journal |title=Elevation and elevation change of Greenland and Antarctica derived from CryoSat-2 |url=http://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/1539/2014/tc-8-1539-2014.html |journal=The Cryosphere |date=20 August 2014 |doi=10.5194/tc-8-1539-2014 |access-date=24 August 2014 |last1=Helm |first1=V. |last2=Humbert |first2=A. |last3=Miller |first3=H. |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=1539–1559 |bibcode=2014TCry....8.1539H |doi-access=free }}{{cite web |title='Incredible' rate of polar ice loss alarms scientists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/aug/24/incredible-polar-ice-loss-cryosat-antarctica-greenland |work=The Guardian|date=24 August 2014 |access-date=24 August 2014 }}
A new study suggests that modern humans and Neanderthals co-existed in Europe for up to 5,000 years – 10 times longer than previously thought.{{cite web |title=New dates rewrite Neanderthal story |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28693371 |work=BBC |date=20 August 2014 |access-date=24 August 2014 }}
Scientists have discovered the area of the brain responsible for exercise motivation – the dorsal medial habenula.{{cite web |title=Scientists Discover Area of Brain Responsible for Exercise Motivation |url=http://www.seattlechildrens.org/Press-Releases/2014/Scientists-Discover-Area-of-Brain-Responsible-for-Exercise-Motivation/ |work=Seattle Children's Hospital |date=20 August 2014 |access-date=29 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829020817/http://www.seattlechildrens.org/Press-Releases/2014/Scientists-Discover-Area-of-Brain-Responsible-for-Exercise-Motivation/ |archive-date=29 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}
21 August
Researchers have designed a computer program that can accurately recognize users' emotional states as much as 87% of the time.{{cite web |title=Does your computer know how you're feeling? |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140821090524.htm |work=Science Daily |date=21 August 2014 |access-date=24 August 2014 }}
Children's social skills may be declining as they have less time for face-to-face interaction due to their increased use of digital media, according to a UCLA psychology study.{{cite web |title=In our digital world, are young people losing the ability to read emotions? |url=http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/in-our-digital-world-are-young-people-losing-the-ability-to-read-emotions |work=UCLA |date=21 August 2014 |access-date=25 August 2014 }}
A new automated process that uses a flash of light to detect fluorescence lifetimes can improve the sorting and recycling of plastics.{{cite web |title=New technique automates sorting of plastics for recycling |url=http://www.gizmag.com/plastic-fluorescence-sorting/33476/ |work=Gizmag |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=25 August 2014 }}{{cite web |title=The fluorescent fingerprint of plastics |url=http://www.en.uni-muenchen.de/news/press-services/press-releases/2014/langhals_plastikmuell.html |work=LMU |date=21 August 2014 |access-date=25 August 2014 }}
24 August – A whole functioning organ – a thymus – has been engineered to grow inside an animal for the first time.{{cite web |title=Whole organ 'grown' in world first |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-28887087 |work=BBC |date=24 August 2014 |access-date=25 August 2014 }}
25 August – Scientists announce five possible landing sites on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko by the Philae lander associated with the Rosetta spacecraft that rendezvoused with the comet on 6 August 2014.{{cite web |last1=Agle |first1=DC |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |last3=Bauer |first3=Markus |title=Rosetta: Landing site search narrows |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-289 |date=25 August 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=26 August 2014 }}
28 August
NASA reports the observation of a dust cloud believed to have formed as a result of asteroids colliding near the star NGC 2547-ID8, a system 1,200 light years away. This sighting will offer a rare opportunity to observe the processes involved in rocky planet formation.{{cite web |title=NASA's Spitzer Telescope Witnesses Asteroid Smashup |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-291 |work=NASA |date=28 August 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 }}
NASA completes a review of the Space Launch System. The rocket will have its first test launch "no later than November 2018" with a possibility of crewed flights to Mars in the 2030s.{{cite web |title=NASA Completes Key Review of World's Most Powerful Rocket in Support of Journey to Mars |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/august/nasa-completes-key-review-of-world-s-most-powerful-rocket-in-support-of-journey-to/ |work=NASA |date=27 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 }}
30 August – A new drug known as LCZ696 can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease by 20% compared to previous treatments. It is claimed to be among the biggest advances in treating this condition in over 10 years.{{cite web |title=PARADIGM HF – Investigational LCZ696: a new horizon in heart failure |url=http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=144887&CultureCode=en |work=European Society of Cardiology (ESC) |date=30 August 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124300/http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=144887&CultureCode=en |url-status=dead }}
31 August
Wine only protects against cardiovascular disease in people who exercise, a study finds.{{cite web |title=Wine only protects against cardiovascular disease in people who exercise, study finds |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140831125255.htm |work=Science Daily |date=31 August 2014 |access-date=1 September 2014 }}
A study of 131,000 people has found that drinking tea reduces non-cardiovascular mortality by 24 percent.{{cite web |title=Drinking tea reduces non-cardiovascular mortality by 24 percent, study finds |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140831125253.htm |work=Science Daily |date=31 August 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 }}

=September=

September – Scientists in Peru release photographs of a live Cuscomys oblativus (the Machu Picchu arboreal chinchilla rat), which has previously thought to have been extinct.{{cite web|url=http://news.mongabay.com/2014/0925-hance-inca-rat.html|title=In the shadows of Machu Picchu, scientists find 'extinct' cat-sized mammal|last=Hance|first=Jeremy|date=2014-09-25|website=Mongabey|access-date=2020-05-28}}
1 September – An office enriched with plants makes staff happier and boosts productivity by 15 per cent, according to a study by the University of Queensland.{{cite web |title=Leafy-green better than lean |url=http://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2014/09/leafy-green-better-lean |work=University of Queensland |date=1 September 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 }}
2 September – The current rate of species extinctions is 1,000 times faster than the pre-human era, according to a study in the journal Conservation Biology.{{cite web |title=Extinctions during human era worse than thought |url=https://news.brown.edu/articles/2014/09/extinctions |work=Brown University |date=2 September 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014 }}
3 September
Two species are described in the new genus Dendrogramma, which was initially unassigned to any particular phylum in the animal kingdom.[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29054889 Deep sea 'mushroom' may be new branch of life - BBC News] It is later classified as a single cnidarian species.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-36457841 |title=Origin of mystery deep-sea mushroom revealed |work=BBC News |date= 7 June 2016 |first=Myles |last=Gough |access-date= 6 July 2016}}
Brain-to-brain communication has been demonstrated in humans located 5,000 miles apart.{{cite web |title=Direct brain-to-brain communication demonstrated in human subjects |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140903105646.htm |work=Science Daily |date=3 September 2014 |access-date=4 September 2014 }}{{cite journal |last1=Grau |first1=Carles |last2=Ginhoux |first2=Romuald |last3=Riera |first3=Alejandro |last4=Nguyen |first4=Thanh Lam |last5=Chauvat |first5=Hubert |last6=Berg |first6=Michel |last7=Amengual |first7=Julià L. |last8=Pascual-Leone |first8=Alvaro |last9=Ruffini |first9=Giulio |title=Conscious Brain-to-Brain Communication in Humans Using Non-Invasive Technologies|journal= PLOS ONE|volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=e105225 |date=19 August 2014 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0105225 |pmid=25137064 |pmc=4138179 |bibcode = 2014PLoSO...9j5225G |doi-access=free }}
Astronomers have determined that the Milky Way galaxy is part of a newly identified supercluster of galaxies, which they have dubbed 'Laniakea'.{{cite web |title=Newly Identified Galactic Supercluster Is Home to the Milky Way |url=https://public.nrao.edu/news/pressreleases/supercluster-gbt |work=NRAO |date=3 September 2014 |access-date=5 September 2014 }}
Canada has overtaken Brazil to lead the world in forest decline, according to a new report. The pace of decline is accelerating with more than 104 million hectares – about 8.1 per cent of global undisturbed forests – lost from 2000 to 2013.{{cite web |title=Canada leads world in forest decline, report says |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/News/10174673/story.html |work=Ottawa Citizen |date=3 September 2014 |access-date=5 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906023345/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/News/10174673/story.html |archive-date=6 September 2014}}
4 September
A new study finds there is 99.999% certainty that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are driving global warming.{{cite journal |title=A probabilistic analysis of human influence on recent record global mean temperature changes |date=4 September 2014 |doi=10.1016/j.crm.2014.03.002 |volume=3 |journal=Climate Risk Management |pages=1–12|last1=Kokic |first1=Philip |last2=Crimp |first2=Steven |last3=Howden |first3=Mark |bibcode=2014CliRM...3....1K |doi-access=free |hdl=1885/153825 |hdl-access=free }}{{cite web |title= 99.999% certainty humans are driving global warming: new study |url=http://theconversation.com/99-999-certainty-humans-are-driving-global-warming-new-study-29911 |work=The Conversation |date=4 September 2014 |access-date=4 September 2014 }}
NASA reports receiving the first science data from instruments aboard the Rosetta orbiter studying the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The data suggests the comet is unusually dark, hydrogen and oxygen were found in the coma and the surface did not contain any large water-ice patches. Large water-ice patches were expected by scientists since the comet is too far away from the Sun's warmth to turn its water to vapor.{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Dwayne |last2=Agle |first2=AG |last3=Marinez |first3=Maria |last4=Bauer |first4=Markus |title=RELEASE 14-238 - NASA Instrument aboard European Spacecraft Returns First Science Results |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/september/nasa-instrument-aboard-european-spacecraft-returns-first-science-results/ |date=4 September 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=5 September 2014 }}
Oxygen-producing life forms were present on Earth 60 million years earlier than previously thought, according to geologists from Trinity College Dublin.{{cite web |title=Trinity geologists re-write Earth's evolutionary history books |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/tcd-tgr090414.php |work=EurekAlert |date=4 September 2014 |access-date=8 September 2014 }}
The coffee genome is published, with more than 25,000 genes identified. This reveals that coffee plants makes caffeine using a different set of genes from those found in tea, cacao and other such plants.{{cite journal |title=Coffee got its buzz by a different route than tea |url=http://www.nature.com/news/coffee-got-its-buzz-by-a-different-route-than-tea-1.15832 |journal=Nature |date=4 September 2014 |doi=10.1038/nature.2014.15832 |access-date=9 September 2014 |last1=Callaway |first1=Ewen |s2cid=168085931 }}{{cite web |title=Coffee genome sheds light on the evolution of caffeine |url=http://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2014/09/005.html#sthash.oRqii1ZI.dpuf |work=University at Buffalo |date=4 September 2014 |access-date=9 September 2014 }}

File:Marine Life Hall, American Museum of Natural History (7356570628).jpg exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History.]]

5 September
Blue whales off the California coast have recovered to near historical population levels, numbering about 2,200.{{cite web |title=California blue whales rebound from whaling; first of their kin to do so |url=http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/09/05/california-blue-whales-rebound-from-whaling-first-of-their-kin-to-do-so/ |work=University of Washington |date=5 September 2014 |access-date=6 September 2014 }}
The first graphene-based flexible display has been manufactured by the University of Cambridge.{{cite web |title= First graphene-based flexible display produced |url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/first-graphene-based-flexible-display-produced |work=University of Washington |date=5 September 2014 |access-date=6 September 2014 }}
7 September – NASA reports that a small near-Earth asteroid, named 2014 RC, will make a close approach to Earth of {{convert|0.000267|AU|km mi|abbr=on|lk=on}} (0.1 lunar distances) around 18:01 UTC on 7 September 2014.{{cite web |last1=Agle |first1=DC |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=Small Asteroid to Safely Pass Close to Earth Sunday |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-295 |date=3 September 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=7 September 2014 }}{{cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2014RC;cad=1#cad |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 RC) |date=6 September 2014}}{{cite web|title=NASA reports asteroid to pass close, but safely past Earth.|url=http://www.clarksvilleonline.com/2014/09/04/nasa-reports-small-asteroid-2014-rc-pass-close-safely-past-earth/|website=clarksvilleonline.com|date=4 September 2014|publisher=Clarksville Online|access-date=4 September 2014}}
8 September
NASA reports finding evidence of plate tectonics on Europa, a satellite of the planet Jupiter - the first sign of such geological activity on another world other than Earth.{{cite web |last1=Dyches |first1=Preston |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |last3=Buckley |first3=Michael |title=Scientists Find Evidence of 'Diving' Tectonic Plates on Europa |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-300 |date=8 September 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=8 September 2014 }}
Biologists have identified a gene – AMPK – that can extend the life span of fruit flies by 30%. Furthermore, this affects the entire body when activated "remotely" in key organ systems.{{cite web |title=UCLA biologists delay the aging process by 'remote control' |url=http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-biologists-delay-the-aging-process-by-remote-control |work=UCLA |date=8 September 2014 |access-date=9 September 2014 }}
9 September
Greenhouse gas emissions are rising at their fastest rate since 1984, according to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).{{cite web |title=Greenhouse gas levels rising at fastest rate since 1984 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29115845 |work=BBC |date=9 September 2014 |access-date=9 September 2014 }}
Taking three slow, short walks of five minutes each can reverse the harmful effects of prolonged sitting for three hours.{{cite web |title=Three Short Walks Reverse Harmful Effects of 3 Hours of Prolonged Sitting |url=http://www.neomatica.com/2014/09/09/three-short-walks-reverse-harmful-effects-3-hours-prolonged-sitting/ |work=Neomatica |date=9 September 2014 |access-date=9 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909100803/http://www.neomatica.com/2014/09/09/three-short-walks-reverse-harmful-effects-3-hours-prolonged-sitting/ |archive-date=9 September 2014 |url-status=dead }}
Astronomers have discovered the first evidence of water ice clouds on an object outside of the Solar System.{{cite web |title=First evidence for water ice clouds found outside our solar system |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140909110754.htm |work=Science Daily |date=9 September 2014 |access-date=10 September 2014 }}
Engineers at Stanford University have created ant-sized radios-on-a-chip, powered by incoming electromagnetic waves, that could be used for the Internet of Things.{{cite web |title=Stanford engineers aim to connect the world with ant-sized radios |url=http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ant-radio-arbabian-090914.html |work=Stanford |date=9 September 2014 |access-date=13 September 2014 |archive-date=12 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100918/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ant-radio-arbabian-090914.html |url-status=dead }}
10 September – The rate of Amazon deforestation increased by 29% in 2013, with 5,891 km² of forest cleared, according to figures released by the Brazilian government.{{cite web |title=Amazon deforestation jumps 29% |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/11/amazon-deforestation-jumps |work=The Guardian |date=11 September 2014 |access-date=11 September 2014 }}
11 September
NASA reports the Curiosity rover on the planet Mars has reached Mount Sharp (or Aeolis Mons), a mountain at the center of Gale Crater and the rover mission's long-term prime destination.{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Agle |first2=DC |last3=Brown |first3=Dwayne |title=NASA's Mars Curiosity Rover Arrives at Martian Mountain |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-307 |date=11 September 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=10 September 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=After a Two-Year Trek, NASA's Mars Rover Reaches Its Mountain Lab |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/12/science/space/after-a-two-year-trek-nasa-mars-rover-reaches-its-mountain-lab.html |date=11 September 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=12 September 2014 }}
A new fossil of Spinosaurus confirms it as the first known swimming dinosaur and the only known semi-aquatic dinosaur.{{cite web |title=Spinosaurus fossil: 'Giant swimming dinosaur' unearthed |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29143096 |work=BBC |date=11 September 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014 }}
SanDisk has revealed a 512 GB SD card, the highest storage capacity ever seen in this form factor.{{cite web |title=SanDisk SD memory card 'largest ever' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-29175093 |work=BBC |date=12 September 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014 }}{{cite web |title=SanDisk Launches Its Highest Capacity SD Card Yet |url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/sandisk-storage-sdhc-512gb-capacity,27651.html |work=Tom's Hardware |date=11 September 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014 }}
12 September
A robot with dexterous arms capable of loading a dishwasher has been unveiled at the British Science Festival.{{cite web |title='Boris' the robot can load up dishwasher |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29168675 |work=BBC |date=12 September 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014 }}
Researchers have achieved a breakthrough in producing hydrogen fuel from water. The new technique, which stores energy from the sun and wind, is 30 times faster than the leading PEME process.{{cite web |title=Researchers claim hydrogen energy advance |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-29168382 |work=BBC |date=12 September 2014 |access-date=12 September 2014 }}
15 September
ESA announces choosing "Site J" on the "head" of the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko as the landing site of the Philae probe attached to the Rosetta spacecraft presently orbiting the comet.{{cite web |last1=Agle |first1=DC |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |last3=Bauer |first3=Markus |title='J' Marks the Spot for Rosetta's Lander |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-310 |date=15 September 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=15 September 2014 }} The planned landing date is 11 November 2014.{{cite web |author=Staff |title='J' Marks the Spot for Rosetta's Lander |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/J_marks_the_spot_for_Rosetta_s_lander |date=15 September 2014 |work=ESA |access-date=15 September 2014 }}
When FOXP2 – a human gene responsible for speech and language – is spliced into mice, it allows them to learn more quickly and perform better in a variety of tests, according to a new study.{{cite news |title=Neuroscientists identify key role of language gene |url=http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2014/language-gene-0915 |work=MIT| date=15 September 2014 |access-date=21 September 2014 }}
16 September – NASA awards contracts to Boeing and SpaceX to carry out crewed missions to the International Space Station from 2017 onwards, ending U.S. reliance on Russia for space transportation services.{{cite web |title=NASA Chooses American Companies to Transport U.S. Astronauts to International Space Station |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/september/nasa-chooses-american-companies-to-transport-us-astronauts-to-international/#.VBnaDBZVW-4 |work=NASA |date=16 September 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Boeing CST-100 Selected as Next American Spacecraft |url=http://boeing.mediaroom.com/2014-09-16-Boeing-CST-100-Selected-as-Next-American-Spacecraft |work=Boeing |date=16 September 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014 }}{{cite web |title=NASA SELECTS SPACEX TO BE PART OF AMERICA'S HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAM |url=http://www.spacex.com/news/2014/09/16/nasa-selects-spacex-be-part-americas-human-spaceflight-program |work=SpaceX |date=16 September 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014 |archive-date=15 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315165820/https://www.spacex.com/news/2014/09/16/nasa-selects-spacex-be-part-americas-human-spaceflight-program |url-status=dead }}
17 September
A study of 100 billion animals fed GM and regular crops shows no effect of GM crops on animal health.{{cite web |title=The Debate About GMO Safety Is Over, Thanks to a New Trillion-Meal Study |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/09/17/the-debate-about-gmo-safety-is-over-thanks-to-a-new-trillion-meal-study/ |work=Forbes | date=17 September 2014 |access-date=21 September 2014 }}
The first blood test to diagnose major depression in adults has been developed.{{cite web |title=First blood test to diagnose depression in adults |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140917121229.htm |work=ScienceDaily | date=17 September 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 }}
18 September
Globally, August 2014 was the hottest August on record, according to data released by NOAA. This follows the hottest May and June also this year.{{cite web |title=August and June–August global temperatures each reach record high, driven largely by record warm global oceans |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140918111917.htm |work=Science Daily |date=18 September 2014 |access-date=19 September 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Global Analysis - August 2014 |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2014/8 |work=NOAA |date=18 September 2014 |access-date=19 September 2014 }}
Man-made CO₂ continues to track the high end of emission scenarios, eroding the chances to keep global warming below 2 °C, according to the Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO).{{cite web |title=Dwindling chances to stay below 2 °C warming |url=http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=145453&CultureCode=en |work=CICERO |date=18 September 2014 |access-date=22 September 2014 |archive-date=17 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417002452/http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=145453&CultureCode=en |url-status=dead }}
19 September – Stanford researchers have developed a "decoy" protein that disrupts metastasis, the process that makes cancer cells spread to other sites in the body.{{cite web |title=Stanford researchers create 'evolved' protein that may stop cancer from spreading |url=http://engineering.stanford.edu/news/stanford-researchers-create-evolved-protein-may-stop-cancer-spreading |work=Stanford |date=19 September 2014 |access-date=23 September 2014 |archive-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613111622/https://engineering.stanford.edu/news/stanford-researchers-create-evolved-protein-may-stop-cancer-spreading |url-status=dead }}
21 September – The MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) space probe begins orbiting the planet Mars (10:24 pm/et/usa, 21 September 2014).{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Dwayne |last2=Neal-Jones |first2=Nancy |last3=Zubritsky |first3=Elizabeth |title=NASA's Newest Mars Mission Spacecraft Enters Orbit around Red Planet |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-318 |date=21 September 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=22 September 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Craft, Nearing Mars, Prepares to Go to Work |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/science/space/nasa-craft-mars.html |date=21 September 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=21 September 2014 }}

File:Mars Orbiter Mission - India - ArtistsConcept.jpg, Mangalyaan.]]

23 September – NASA reports the K2 mission of the Kepler space observatory has completed campaign 1, the first official set of science observations, and that campaign 2 is underway.{{cite web |last=Sobeck |first=Charlie |title=Mission Manager Update: C1 data on the ground; C2 underway |url=http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/mission-manager-update-c1-data-on-the-ground-c2-underway |date=23 September 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=23 September 2014 |archive-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417220541/https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/mission-manager-update-c1-data-on-the-ground-c2-underway/ |url-status=dead }}
24 September
India's first probe to Mars – the Mars Orbiter Mission, Mangalyaan – successfully enters orbit at 02:00 UTC.{{cite web |title=Mangalyaan: India's race for space success |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-29307123 |work=BBC |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=24 September 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Mars Orbiter Spacecraft Successfully Inserted into Mars Orbit |url=http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Sep24_2014 |work=Indian Space Research Organization |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=24 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925151403/http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Sep24_2014 |archive-date=25 September 2014}}
NASA reports detecting water vapor on the exoplanet HAT-P-11b, the first time molecules of any kind have been found on such a relatively small exoplanet.{{cite web |last1=Clavin |first1=Whitney |last2=Chou |first2=Felicia |last3=Weaver |first3=Donna |last4=Villard |first45=Ray |last5=Johnson |first5=Michele |title=NASA Telescopes Find Clear Skies and Water Vapor on Exoplanet |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-322&1 |date=24 September 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=24 September 2014 |archive-date=14 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114220647/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-322&1 |url-status=dead }}
Security experts report a security hole, dubbed the "Shellshock" bug, in the Unix Bash shell internet program code that dates from version 1.13 in 1992 and may be considered more significant than the "Heartbleed" bug. An incomplete software patch has been made available to fix it.{{cite web |last=Leyden |first=John |title=Patch Bash NOW: 'Shell Shock' bug blasts OS X, Linux systems wide open |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/09/24/bash_shell_vuln/ |work=The Register |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=25 September 2014}}{{cite news |last=Perlroth |first=Nicole |title=Security Experts Expect 'Shellshock' Software Bug in Bash to Be Significant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/26/technology/security-experts-expect-shellshock-software-bug-to-be-significant.html |date=25 September 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=25 September 2014 }}
25 September – A complex organic molecule, Iso-propyl cyanide, has been discovered near the galactic core. This is more similar to amino acids – the building blocks of life – than any previous finding. Furthermore, it is present in abundant quantities.{{cite web |title=New molecule found in space connotes life origins |url=http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2014/09/new-molecule-found-space-connotes-life-origins |work=Cornell University |date=25 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 }}
28 September – A new drug for advanced breast cancer can extend patients' lives by 15.7 months (56.5 vs. 40.8 months compared to previous treatments).{{cite web |title=Roche's Perjeta regimen extended the lives of people with an aggressive type of metastatic breast cancer by 15.7 months compared to Herceptin and chemotherapy |url=http://www.roche.com/media/media_releases/med-cor-2014-09-28.htm |work=Roche |date=28 September 2014 |access-date=29 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009085624/http://www.roche.com/media/media_releases/med-cor-2014-09-28.htm |archive-date=9 October 2014}}{{cite web |title=Breast cancer drug Perjeta could extend patients' lives by 15 months – study |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/sep/29/breast-cancer-drug-perjeta-extend-lives-study |work=The Guardian |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=29 September 2014 }}
29 September
The Greenland Ice Sheet is more vulnerable to climate change than previously thought, with implications for sea level rise, according to the University of Cambridge.{{cite web |title=Greenland Ice Sheet more vulnerable to climate change than previously thought |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/uoc-gis092614.php |work=University of Cambridge |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2014 }}
Scientists have designed a record-breaking laser that accelerates the interaction between light and matter by ten times.{{cite web |title=Physicists create lasers that switch on and off at world record speed |url=http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_29-9-2014-8-43-35 |work=Imperial College London |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=3 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Speed at its limits |url=http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=145735&CultureCode=en |work=Friedrich Schiller University Jena via Alpha Galileo |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130403/http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=145735&CultureCode=en |url-status=dead }}
30 September
Microsoft announces Windows 10, the next generation of its operating system.{{cite web |title=Announcing Windows 10 |url=http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2014/09/30/announcing-windows-10/ |work=Microsoft |date=30 September 2014 |access-date=1 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Microsoft unveils Windows 10 system with Start Menu |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-29431412 |work=BBC |date=30 September 2014 |access-date=1 October 2014 }}
The global average Internet connection speed exceeds the 4 Mbit/s "broadband" threshold for the first time.{{cite web |title=Akamai Releases Second Quarter 2014 'State of the Internet' Report |url=http://www.akamai.com/html/about/press/releases/2014/press-093014.html |work=Akamai |date=30 September 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 }}
CDC reports the first Ebola virus case in the United States in Dallas, Texas.{{cite web |author=Staff |title=CDC and Texas Health Department Confirm First Ebola Case Diagnosed in the U.S. |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s930-ebola-confirmed-case.html |date=30 September 2014 |work=CDC |access-date=30 September 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Grady |first=Denise |title=Ebola Is Diagnosed in Texas, First Case Found in the U.S. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/01/health/airline-passenger-with-ebola-is-under-treatment-in-dallas.html |date=30 September 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=30 September 2014 }}{{cite news |last=David |first=Javier E. |title=CDC confirms first Ebola case diagnosed in US |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/09/30/cdc-confirms-first-ebola-case-diagnosed-in-us.html |date=30 September 2014 |work=CNBC |access-date=30 September 2014 }}{{cite news |last1=Freedom du Lac |first1=J. |last2=Larimer |first2=Sarah |last3=Izadi |first3=Elahe |title=Report: CDC has confirmed an Ebola case in Texas |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2014/09/30/a-dallas-hospital-is-evaluating-a-patient-for-possible-ebola/ |date=30 September 2014 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=30 September 2014 }}

=October=

File:PIA18822-LunarGrailMission-OceanusProcellarum-Rifts-Overall-20141001.jpg - ancient rift valleys found around Oceanus Procellarum (GRAIL; 1 October 2014).]]

1 October – NASA reports the GRAIL mission detected ancient rift valleys surrounding the large Oceanus Procellarum ("Ocean of Storms") region of the Moon.{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Dwayne |last2=Agle |first2=DC |last3=Morton |first3=Kathleen |title=RELEASE 14-236 - NASA Mission Points to Origin of "Ocean of Storms" on Earth's Moon |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/october/nasa-mission-points-to-origin-of-ocean-of-storms-on-earth-s-moon/ |date=1 October 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=4 October 2014 }}
2 October
Previously hypothesized Majorana fermions as quasiparticles are reported to be observed for the first time.{{cite journal |author=Stevan Nadj-Perge |title=Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor |journal=Science|volume=346 |issue=6209 |pages=602–607 |date=2 October 2014 |doi=10.1126/science.1259327 |display-authors=1 |last2=Li |last3=Chen |last4=Jeon |last5=Seo |last6=MacDonald |last7=Bernevig |last8=Yazdani |arxiv = 1410.0682 |bibcode = 2014Sci...346..602N |pmid=25278507|s2cid=206561257 }}
The world's first commercial-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) process on a coal-fired power plant officially opens at Boundary Dam Power Station in Estevan, Saskatchewan.{{cite web |title=SaskPower launches world's first commercial CCS process |url=http://www.saskpower.com/about-us/media-information/news-releases/saskpower-launches-worlds-first-commercial-ccs-process/ |work=SaskPower |date=2 October 2014 |access-date=10 October 2014 }}
3 October
A new reconstruction of its genetic history shows that the HIV pandemic almost certainly originated in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, around 1920.{{cite web |title=HIV pandemic's origins located |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2014-10-03-hiv-pandemics-origins-located# |work=University of Oxford |date=3 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2014 }}
A new process can separate CO₂ molecules into a carbon atom and O₂ molecule, instead of carbon monoxide and a single oxygen atom. Future applications may include spacesuits that do not require oxygen tanks.{{cite web |title=Researchers discover a way to tease oxygen molecules from carbon dioxide |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-10-oxygen-molecules-carbon-dioxide.html |work=PhysOrg |date=3 October 2014 |access-date=4 October 2014 }}
Researchers have created a hybrid "solar battery" that can store its own power using nanometer-sized rods of titanium dioxide.{{cite web |title=Batteries Included: A Solar Cell that Stores its Own Power |url=http://news.osu.edu/news/2014/10/03/batteries-included-a-solar-cell-that-stores-its-own-power/ |work=Ohio State University |date=3 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2014 }}
The Oregon cave, where the oldest DNA evidence of human habitation in North America was found, has been added to the National Register of Historic Places. The DNA, radiocarbon dated to 14,300 years ago, was found in fossilized human coprolites uncovered in the Paisley Five Mile Point Caves in south-central Oregon.{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Cave containing earliest human DNA dubbed historic |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-10-cave-earliest-human-dna-dubbed.html |date=3 October 2014 |work=Phys.org |access-date=5 October 2014 }}
4 October – The first baby born to a mother with a womb transplant is announced in Sweden.{{cite web |title=First womb-transplant baby born |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29485996 |work=BBC |date=4 October 2014 |access-date=4 October 2014 }}
5 October – A new study of global warming shows that ocean heat content has been greatly underestimated in the southern hemisphere. As a result, the world's oceans are now absorbing between 24 and 58 per cent more energy than previously thought.{{cite web |title=Livermore scientists suggest ocean warming in Southern Hemisphere underestimated |url=https://www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2014/Oct/NR-14-10-02.html |work=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |date=5 October 2014 |access-date=8 October 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141008063211/https://www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2014/Oct/NR-14-10-02.html |archive-date=8 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |title= The world is warming faster than we thought |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26317-the-world-is-warming-faster-than-we-thought.html |work=New Scientist |date=5 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2014 }}
6 October – The Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Edvard Moser, May-Britt Moser and John O'Keefe "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" or, less formally, for finding an "inner GPS, in the brain".{{cite news |last=Altman |first=Lawrence K. |title=Nobel Prize in Medicine is Awarded for Discovery of Brain's 'Inner GPS' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/science/nobel-prize-medicine.html |date=6 October 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=6 October 2014 }}
7 October
The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura for "the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" or, less formally, LED lights.{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Nobel Prize in Physics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/08/science/isamu-akasaki-hiroshi-amano-and-shuji-nakamura-awarded-the-nobel-prize-in-physics.html |date=7 October 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=7 October 2014 }}
Due to landscape fragmentation, Brazil's rainforests are releasing one-fifth more carbon than previously thought.{{cite web |title=Due to landscape fragmentation, Brazil's rainforests are releasing more carbon dioxide than previously thought |url=http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=33232 |work=Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) |date=7 October 2014 |access-date=8 October 2014 }}
8 October
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, William Moerner and Stefan Hell for "the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy," which brings optical microscopy into the nanodimension.{{cite news |last1=Ritter |first1=Karl |last2=Rising |first2=Malin |title=2 Americans, 1 German win chemistry Nobel |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20141008/nobel-chemistry-e759dff699.html |date=8 October 2014 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=8 October 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=2 Americans and a German Are Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/science/nobel-prize-chemistry.html |date=8 October 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=8 October 2014 }}
Ocean acidification is causing nearly $1 trillion of damage to coral reefs each year, threatening the livelihoods of 400 million people, according to a report based on the work of 30 experts.{{cite web |title=UK scientists lead UN report urging action on ocean acidification |url=http://www.hw.ac.uk/news-events/news/uk-scientists-lead-un-report-urging-action-18823.htm |work=Heriot-Watt University |date=8 October 2014 |access-date=8 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Ocean acidification causes US$1trn of damage a year – study |url=http://www.rtcc.org/2014/10/08/ocean-acidification-causes-us1trn-of-damage-a-year-study/ |work=Responding to Climate Change |date=8 October 2014 |access-date=8 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009032912/http://www.rtcc.org/2014/10/08/ocean-acidification-causes-us1trn-of-damage-a-year-study/ |archive-date=9 October 2014}}
9 October
Harvard researchers have turned human embryonic stem cells into cells that produce insulin, a potentially major advance for sufferers of diabetes.{{cite web |title=Scientists Coax Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Making Insulin |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/10/09/354708628/scientists-coax-human-embryonic-stem-cells-into-making-insulin |work=NPR |date=9 October 2014 |access-date=9 October 2014 }}
An international team of scientists has developed a slurry-based process using a porous powder suspended in glycol that offers a cost-effective and energy-efficient approach to carbon capture.{{cite web |title=A cost-effective and energy-efficient approach to carbon capture |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141009091939.htm |work=Science Daily |date=9 October 2014 |access-date=10 October 2014 }}
A new method has been devised to produce 3D metal nanoparticles in highly precise shapes and dimensions, using DNA as a construction mould.{{cite web |title=DNA nano-foundries cast custom-shaped metal nanoparticles |url=http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpressrelease/170/dna-nanofoundries-cast-customshaped-metal-nanoparticles |work=Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University |date=9 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013005830/http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpressrelease/170/dna-nanofoundries-cast-customshaped-metal-nanoparticles |archive-date=13 October 2014}}
New measurements of the Milky Way reveal there is half as much dark matter as previously thought, solving the 15-year-old "missing satellite galaxy" problem.{{cite web |title=Dark matter half what we thought, say scientists |url=http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=146062&CultureCode=en |work=International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) via AlphaGalileo |date=9 October 2014 |access-date=12 October 2014 |archive-date=21 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321063134/https://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=146062&CultureCode=en |url-status=dead }}
Drinking three cups of coffee a day can reduce the risk of abnormal liver enzyme levels by 25 percent, based on a study of 14,000 subjects.{{cite web |title=Drinking Decaf Coffee May Be Good for the Liver |url=http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-112902.html |work=Wiley |date=9 October 2014 |access-date=22 October 2014 }}

File:14-281-KuiperBeltObject-ArtistsConcept-20141015.jpg - possible target of New Horizons spacecraft (artist's concept).]]

12 October
The CDC confirms that a health care worker in Texas was found to be positive for the Ebola virus, the first known case of the disease to be contracted in the United States.{{cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Manny |title=Texas Health Worker Tests Positive for Ebola |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/13/us/texas-health-worker-tests-positive-for-ebola.html |date=12 October 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=12 October 2014 }}
Researchers, for the first time, find a way of reproducing Alzheimer's cells in a Petri dish.{{cite news |last=Kolata |first=Gina |title=Researchers Replicate Alzheimer's Brain Cells in a Petri Dish |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/13/science/researchers-replicate-alzheimers-brain-cells-in-a-petri-dish.html |date=12 October 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=12 October 2014 }}{{cite journal |author=Choi, Se Hoon |display-authors=etal |title=A three-dimensional human neural cell culture model of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Nature |volume=515 |issue=7526 |date=12 October 2014 |pages=274–278 |bibcode = 2014Natur.515..274C |doi=10.1038/nature13800 |pmid=25307057 |pmc=4366007 }}
13 October
A new battery has been developed capable of being recharged up to 70 per cent in only two minutes. The battery also has a longer lifespan of over 20 years.{{cite web |title=NTU develops ultra-fast charging batteries that last 20 years |url=http://media.ntu.edu.sg/NewsReleases/Pages/newsdetail.aspx?news=809fbb2f-95f0-4995-b5c0-10ae4c50c934 |work=Nanyang Technological University |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=14 October 2014 |archive-date=18 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018171311/http://media.ntu.edu.sg/NewsReleases/Pages/newsdetail.aspx?news=809fbb2f-95f0-4995-b5c0-10ae4c50c934 |url-status=dead }}
Samsung engineers have developed a way of transmitting Wi-Fi data five times faster than was previously possible.{{cite web |title=Samsung accelerates wi-fi speeds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-29595220 |work=BBC |date=13 October 2014 |access-date=14 October 2014 }}
14 October
Plants absorb 16% more CO₂ than previously thought, according to research published in the journal PNAS.{{cite web |title=Climate change: Models 'underplay plant CO₂ absorption' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29601644 |work=BBC |date=14 October 2014 |access-date=14 October 2014 }}
Globally, September 2014 was the hottest September on record,{{cite web |title=Planet Sees Warmest September Ever Recorded: NASA |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/planet-sees-warmest-september-ever-recorded-nasa-n225836 |work=NBC |date=14 October 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014 }} according to NASA data.{{cite web |title=GLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index in 0.01 degrees Celsius base period: 1951-1980 |url=http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt |work=NASA |date=14 October 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014 }} This follows the hottest May, June and August, also this year.
15 October
Lockheed Martin reports a significant breakthrough in generating nuclear fusion from a small-scale power plant.{{cite web |title=LOCKHEED: We Made A Huge Breakthrough in Nuclear Fusion |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/andrea-shalal-lockheed-nuclear-fusion-breakthrough-2014-10 |work=Business Insider |date=15 October 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title= Lockheed Martin Pursuing Compact Nuclear Fusion Reactor Concept |url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2014/october/141015ae_lockheed-martin-pursuing-compact-nuclear-fusion.html |work=Lockheed Martin |date=15 October 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Skunk Works Reveals Compact Fusion Reactor Details |url=http://aviationweek.com/technology/skunk-works-reveals-compact-fusion-reactor-details |work=Aviation Week |date=15 October 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014 }}
NASA announces finding several Kuiper belt objects that may be targeted by the New Horizons spacecraft, presently expected to perform a flyby of the Pluto system on 14 July 2015.{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Dwayne |last2=Villard |first2=Ray |title=RELEASE 14-281 NASA's Hubble Telescope Finds Potential Kuiper Belt Targets for New Horizons Pluto Mission |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/october/nasa-s-hubble-telescope-finds-potential-kuiper-belt-targets-for-new-horizons |date=15 October 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=16 October 2014 }}
16 October – Astronomers have detected what appears to be a signature of 'axions', which are predicted to be dark matter particle candidates. If confirmed, this would be the first direct detection and identification of the elusive substance.{{cite web |title= Inexplicable signal from the unseen universe provides tantalising clue about one of astronomy's greatest secrets – Dark Matter |url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2014/october/inexplicable-signal-from-the-unseen-universe-provides-tantalising-clue-about-one-of-astronomys-greatest-secrets-2013-dark-matter |work= University of Leicester |date=16 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 }}

File:NASA-14090-Comet-C2013A1-SidingSpring-Hubble-20140311.jpg passed near Mars on 19 October 2014 (Hubble; 11 March 2014).]]

17 October – Scientists at Bristol University have used quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations to improve the understanding of antibiotic resistance, which may enable the design of better drugs in the future.{{cite web |title=Scientific breakthrough will help design the antibiotics of the future |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2014/october/future-antibiotics.html |work=University of Bristol |date=17 October 2014 |access-date=18 October 2014 }}
19 October – NASA reports that all Mars orbiters—including Mars Odyssey Orbiter,{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=NASA's Mars Odyssey Orbiter Watches Comet Fly Near |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4346 |date=19 October 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=20 October 2014 }} Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Studies Comet Flyby |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4344 |date=19 October 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=20 October 2014 }} and MAVEN{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Nancy |last2=Steigerwald |first2=Bill |last3=Webster |first3=Guy |last4=Brown |first4=Dwayne |title=NASA's MAVEN Studies Passing Comet and Its Effects |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4345 |date=19 October 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=20 October 2014 }}—as well as, ESA's orbiter, Mars Express,{{cite web |last=Denis |first=Michel |title=Spacecraft in great shape – our mission continues |url=http://blogs.esa.int/mex/category/comet-siding-spring/ |date=20 October 2014 |work=European Space Agency |access-date=21 October 2014 }} and ISRO's satellite, the Mars Orbiter Mission,{{cite news |author=Staff |title=I'm safe and sound, tweets MOM after comet sighting |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/im-safe-and-sound-tweets-mom-after-comet-sighting/article6520803.ece |date=21 October 2014 |work=The Hindu |access-date=21 October 2014 }} are healthy after the Comet Siding Spring flyby of planet Mars.{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |last3=Jones |first3=Nancy |last4=Steigerwald |first4=Bill |title=All Three NASA Mars Orbiters Healthy After Comet Flyby |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4347 |date=19 October 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=20 October 2014 }}
20 October
Physicists have built a reversible tractor beam that can move objects 0.2mm in diameter a distance of up to 20 centimetres. This is 100 times further than was possible in previous experiments.{{cite web |title=Physicists build reversible tractor beam |url=http://news.anu.edu.au/2014/10/20/physicists-build-reversible-tractor-beam/ |work=Australian National University |date=20 October 2014 |access-date=20 October 2014 }}
By boosting a protein called NT3, scientists have restored lost hearing in mice.{{cite web |title=Scientists restore hearing in noise-deafened mice, pointing way to new therapies |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141020212308.htm |work=Science Daily |date=20 October 2014 |access-date=22 October 2014 }}
21 October – Darek Fidyka, a paralysed Polish man, becomes the first in the world to walk again following a pioneering therapy which involved transplanting cells from his nose into his severed spinal cord.{{cite web |title=Paralysed man walks again after cell transplant |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29645760 |work=BBC |date=21 October 2014 |access-date=21 October 2014 }}
22 October
A new method of solar cell production enables silicon to be used that is 1,000 times less pure and requires only one-third of the energy to manufacture compared to traditional methods. While the energy efficiency is currently too low (3.6%) for commercial use, this new process could be refined in the future, potentially slashing the cost of solar energy.{{cite web |title=Cheaper silicon means cheaper solar cells |url=http://gemini.no/en/2014/10/cheaper-silicon-means-cheaper-solar-cells/ |work=Gemini/NTNU |date=22 October 2014 |access-date=26 October 2014 |archive-date=18 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518011113/http://gemini.no/en/2014/10/cheaper-silicon-means-cheaper-solar-cells/ |url-status=dead }}
A new drug, OTS964, can eradicate aggressive human lung cancers transplanted into mice, with few side effects.{{cite web |title=Highly effective new anti-cancer drug shows few side effects in mice |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141022143559.htm |work=Science Daily |date=22 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 }}
The discovery of the seventeenth experimentally established form of ice, ice XVI, is accepted for publication in Nature.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature14014| pmid = 25503235| title = Formation and properties of ice XVI obtained by emptying a type sII clathrate hydrate| journal = Nature| volume = 516| issue = 7530| pages = 231–3| year = 2014| last1 = Falenty | first1 = A. | last2 = Hansen | first2 = T. C. | last3 = Kuhs | first3 = W. F. | bibcode = 2014Natur.516..231F| s2cid = 4464711}}
23 October – A partial solar eclipse occurs across most of North America.
24 October
Using stem cells from just 25 milliliters of blood, researchers have grown new blood vessels in just seven days, compared to a month for the same process using bone marrow. These blood vessels were implanted in patients to connect the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.{{cite web |title=Growing a Blood Vessel in a Week |url=http://www.sahlgrenska.gu.se/english/news_and_events/news/News_Detail/?languageId=100001&contentId=1242371&disableRedirect=true&returnUrl=http://www.sahlgrenska.gu.se/aktuellt/nyheter/Nyheter+Detalj//skapar-ett-helt-nytt-blodkarl-pa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026132048/http://www.sahlgrenska.gu.se/english/news_and_events/news/News_Detail/?languageId=100001&contentId=1242371&disableRedirect=true&returnUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahlgrenska.gu.se%2Faktuellt%2Fnyheter%2FNyheter%2BDetalj%2F%2Fskapar-ett-helt-nytt-blodkarl-pa |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 October 2014 |work=University of Gothenburg |date=24 October 2014 |access-date=26 October 2014 }}
Scientists from Harvard Medical School report a new method of using toxic stem cells to attack brain tumors, without killing normal cells or themselves. The procedure could be ready for human clinical trials within five years.{{cite web |title=Scientists engineer toxin-secreting stem cells to treat brain tumors |url=http://hsci.harvard.edu/news/scientists-engineer-toxin-secreting-stem-cells-treat-brain-tumors |work=Harvard | date=24 October 2014 |access-date=26 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Cancer-killing stem cells engineered in lab |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29756238 |work=BBC |date=25 October 2014 |access-date=26 October 2014 }}
NASA reports finding methane in polar clouds in the atmosphere of Titan, moon of the planet Saturn.{{cite web |last1=Dyches |first1=Preston |last2=Zubritsky |first2=Elizabeth |title=NASA Finds Methane Ice Cloud in Titan's Stratosphere |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4354 |date=24 October 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=31 October 2014 }}{{cite web |last1=Zubritsky |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Dyches |first2=Preston |title=NASA Identifies Ice Cloud Above Cruising Altitude on Titan |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-identifies-ice-cloud-above-cruising-altitude-on-titan |date=24 October 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=31 October 2014 }}
26 October – Iranian researchers devised an inexpensive, flexible microchip which is able to notice HIV and measure viral load in polluted individuals at the point-of-care.[http://en.mehrnews.com/detail/News/104440 Hadi Shafiee, PhD, Division of Renal Medicine, BWH Department of Medicine has developed a low-cost, flexible microchip which can detect HIV and measure viral load in infected individuals at the point-of-care.] en.mehrnews.com/detail/News __ Date: 10/26/2014
27 October
The UK government has unveiled plans for a £97m ($156m) supercomputer to study weather and climate. Using 13 times more processing power than previous systems, it will perform 16,000 trillion calculations per second.{{cite web |title=£97m supercomputer makes UK world-leader in weather and climate science |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/news/releases/archive/2014/new-hpc |work=Met Office |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Met Office to build £97m supercomputer |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29789208 |work=BBC |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 }}
Researchers at the Eindhoven University of Technology have achieved 255 Terabits/s over a new type of fibre allowing 21 times more bandwidth than currently available in communication networks.{{cite web |title=TU/e-researchers demonstrate record data transmission over a specially fabricated fibre |url=http://www.tue.nl/en/university/news-and-press/news/27-10-2014-tue-researchers-demonstrate-record-data-transmission-over-a-specially-fabricated-fibre/ |work=Eindhoven University of Technology |date=27 October 2014 |access-date=27 October 2014 |archive-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825071133/https://www.tue.nl/en/university/news-and-press/news/27-10-2014-tue-researchers-demonstrate-record-data-transmission-over-a-specially-fabricated-fibre/ |url-status=dead }}
An international group of scientists has announced the most significant breakthrough in a decade toward developing DNA-based electrical circuits.{{cite web |title=Breakthrough in molecular electronics paves the way for DNA-based computer circuits in the future |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-10-breakthrough-molecular-electronics-paves-dna-based.html |work=PhysOrg |date=27 October 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014 }}
28 October
A new multi-scenario modelling of world human population concludes that even draconian fertility restrictions or a catastrophic mass mortality won't be enough to solve issues of global sustainability by 2100.{{cite web |title=Reducing population is no environmental 'quick fix' |url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news74204.html |work=The University of Adelaide |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 }}
The latest Antares rocket, built by Orbital Sciences Corporation and intended to supply the International Space Station, explodes just after its 18:22 EDT (22:22 GMT) launch, completely destroying the vehicle and badly damaging launch pad 0 at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport.{{cite web |title=Orbital's Statement Regarding Orb-3 Launch Mishap |url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/release.asp?prid=1918 |work=Orbital Sciences Corporation |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Orbital Sciences' Antares Rocket Explosion in Pictures |url=http://www.space.com/27551-orbital-sciences-rocket-explosion-photos.html |work=Space.com |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Unmanned US rocket Antares explodes during launch |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-29812139 |work=BBC |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Unmanned NASA-contracted rocket explodes over eastern Virginia |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/28/us/nasa-rocket-explodes/index.html |work=CNN |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014 }}
29 October
Miniature human stomachs have been grown from stem cells, potentially offering a way to study ulcers and repair stomach damage in patients.{{cite web |title=Scientists grow miniature human stomachs from stem cells |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/29/scientists-grow-miniature-stomachs-stem-cells |work=The Guardian |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=30 October 2014 }}
Hewlett-Packard (HP) has unveiled a 3D printer that it claims will be 10 times faster than current models.{{cite web |title=HP Unveils Future of 3D Printing and Immersive Computing as Part of Blended Reality Vision |url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?wireId=1890831&pageTitle=HP+Unveils+Future+of+3D+Printing+and+Immersive+Computing+as+Part+of+Blended+Reality+Vision+#.VFNqYMmVNlw |work=HP |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=31 October 2014 }}{{cite web |title=HP looks to 3D printing market to boost performance |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-29817650 |work=BBC |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=31 October 2014 }}
A method for improving thrust generated by supersonic laser-propelled rockets has been described in The Optical Society's (OSA) journal Applied Optics.{{cite web |title=Supersonic laser-propelled rockets |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-10-supersonic-laser-propelled-rockets.html |work=PhysOrg |date=29 October 2014 |access-date=1 November 2014 }}
30 October – Researchers have demonstrated for the first time the in vitro growth of a piece of spinal cord in three dimensions from mouse embryonic stem cells.{{cite web |title=Reconstruction of patterned piece of spinal cord in 3-D culture |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141030101222.htm |work=Science Daily|date=30 October 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 }}
31 October
The fastest ever integrated circuit is announced by DARPA, achieving one terahertz (10¹² Hz), or a trillion cycles per second. This is 150 billion cycles faster than the existing world record of 850 gigahertz set in 2012.{{cite web |title=DARPA circuit achieves speeds of 1 trillion cycles per second, earns Guinness world record |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-10-darpa-circuit-trillion-guinness-world.html |work=Phys.org |date=31 October 2014 |access-date=1 November 2014 }}
Arachnophobia is cured by removing part of a man's brain.{{cite web |title=Arachnophobia chopped out of a man's brain |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26483-arachnophobia-chopped-out-of-a-mans-brain.html |work=New Scientist |date=31 October 2014 |access-date=1 November 2014 }}
During a test flight, Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo experiences an in-flight anomaly followed by an explosion and crash in the Mojave desert, killing one pilot and injuring another.{{cite news |last1=Chang |first1=Kenneth |last2=Schwartz |first2=John |title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes in New Setback for Commercial Spaceflight |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/01/science/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-crashes-during-test-flight.html |date=31 October 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=1 November 2014 }}{{cite news|last1=Foust|first1=Jeff|title=SpaceShipTwo Destroyed in Fatal Test Flight Accident|url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/42391spaceshiptwo-destroyed-in-fatal-test-flight-accident|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141031195325/http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/42391spaceshiptwo-destroyed-in-fatal-test-flight-accident|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 October 2014|access-date=31 October 2014|work=Space News|date=31 October 2014}}{{cite web |title=Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes During Flight Test|website=NBC News |date=31 October 2014 |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/virgin-voyage/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-crashes-during-flight-test-n238376}}{{cite news|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Virgin-Galactics-SpaceShipTwo-Crashes223025-1.html|title = Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes|access-date = 31 October 2014|last = Durden|first = Rick|date = 31 October 2014|work = AVweb|archive-date = 14 April 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200414031911/https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Virgin-Galactics-SpaceShipTwo-Crashes223025-1.html|url-status = dead}}

=November=

File:HL Tau protoplanetary disk.jpg image of HL Tauri.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29932609|title=Planet formation captured in photo|publisher=BBC|date=2014-11-06|author=Johnathan Webb}}{{cite web|url=https://public.nrao.edu/static/pr/planet-formation-alma.html|title=Birth of Planets Revealed in Astonishing Detail in ALMA's 'Best Image Ever'|publisher=NRAO|date=2014-11-06|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106220622/https://public.nrao.edu/static/pr/planet-formation-alma.html|archive-date=6 November 2014}}]]

2 November
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases the final part of its Fifth Assessment Report, known as the [http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ Synthesis Report]. This further discusses the possible future impacts of climate change and it is hoped will pave the way for a global, legally binding treaty in late 2015.{{cite web |title=Fossil fuels should be 'phased out by 2100' says IPCC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29855884 |work=BBC |date=2 November 2014 |access-date=2 November 2014 }}
Scientists have engineered artificial nanoparticles made from lipids that can treat bacterial infections without antibiotics while simultaneously preventing antibiotic resistance.{{cite web |title=Possible alternative to antibiotics: Nanoparticles made of lipids |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141102160004.htm |work=Science Daily |date=2 November 2014 |access-date=9 November 2014 }}
5 November
The ALMA telescope reveals a protoplanetary disk in never-before-seen detail. A series of concentric rings are visible in the image, showing the likely orbits of young planets in the process of being formed.{{cite web |title=Revolutionary ALMA Image Reveals Planetary Genesis |url=http://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-room/press-releases/771-revolutionary-alma-image-reveals-planetary-genesis |work=ALMA |date=5 November 2014 |access-date=8 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108130523/http://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-room/press-releases/771-revolutionary-alma-image-reveals-planetary-genesis |archive-date=8 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}
A way to stop Ras proteins moving from the centre of a cell to the membrane, a fault common to one-third of cancers, is reported at the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Cancer Conference in Liverpool.{{cite web |title=Scientists uncover potential drug to tackle 'undruggable' fault in third of cancers |url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-us/cancer-news/press-release/2014-11-05-scientists-uncover-potential-drug-to-tackle-undruggable-fault-in-third-of-cancers |work=Cancer Research UK |date=5 November 2014 |access-date=6 November 2014 }}
A study by the U.S. Geological Survey predicts the likely habitat ranges of birds in the year 2075 based on climate, land use and land cover changes.{{cite web |title=Who Will Come to Your Bird Feeder in 2075? |url=http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=4049&from=rss_home |work=USGS | date=5 November 2014 |access-date=7 November 2014 }}
Basic wound healing has been advanced with a synthetic platelet that accumulates at sites of injury, clots and stops bleeding three times faster. The synthetic platelets have realistic size, disc-shape, flexibility, and the same surface proteins as real platelets.{{cite web |title=Shape of things to come in platelet mimicry |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-11/cwru-sot110514.php |work=Eurekalert |date=5 November 2014 |access-date=9 November 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Synthetic Platelet Super-Mimics Halt Bleeding Three Times Faster |url=http://www.neomatica.com/2014/11/06/synthetic-platelet-super-mimics-halt-bleeding-three-times-faster/ |work=Neomatica |date=6 November 2014 |access-date=9 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109215942/http://www.neomatica.com/2014/11/06/synthetic-platelet-super-mimics-halt-bleeding-three-times-faster/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}
6 November – Half of all stars may be found in the space between galaxies, according to a new study.{{cite web |title=Background light suggests many stars 'outside galaxies' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29917082 |work=BBC |date=6 November 2014 |access-date=7 November 2014 }}
7 November
A study finds there is at least a 92% chance the ecosystem of the Leadbeater's possum in southern Australia will collapse within 50 years.{{cite web |title=Leadbeater's possum habitat 'almost certain to collapse' due to logging, fires |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/nov/07/leadbeaters-possum-habitat-almost-certain-to-collapse-due-to-logging-fires |work=The Guardian|date=7 November 2014 |access-date=7 November 2014 }}
Researchers in Sweden report a "huge breakthrough" in Parkinson's disease using stem cells to restore neurons in rats. Clinical trials for humans are expected by 2017.{{cite web |title=Parkinson's stem cell 'breakthrough' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29935449 |work=BBC |date=7 November 2014 |access-date=7 November 2014 }}
NASA reports that during the Comet Siding Spring flyby of planet Mars on 19 October 2014, orbiters around Mars detected thousands of kilograms per hour of comet dust composed of magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, manganese, nickel, chromium and zinc. In addition, the comet nucleus was determined to be smaller than the expected {{convert|1.2|mi|km|abbr=on|disp=flip}}, and rotated once every eight hours.{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Opportunity, Curiosity, but No View of Mars Sky Show |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/08/science/space/bright-specks-of-comet-dust-light-up-martian-sky.html |date=7 November 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=7 November 2014 }}
10 November – President Obama recommends the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality.{{cite news |last=Wyatt |first=Edward |title=Obama Asks F.C.C. to Adopt Tough Net Neutrality Rules |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/technology/obama-net-neutrality-fcc.html |date=10 November 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=15 November 2014 }}{{cite news |author=NYT Editorial Board |title=Why the F.C.C. Should Heed President Obama on Internet Regulation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/15/opinion/why-the-fcc-should-heed-president-obama-on-internet-regulations.html |date=14 November 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=15 November 2014 }}
11 November
Australian researchers have uncovered how the massive DNA molecules that appear in some tumours are formed like Frankenstein's monster, stitched together from other parts of the genome. This solves a decades-old mystery and explains how these tumours ensure their own survival.{{cite news |title=Scientists solve mystery of 'Frankenstein' DNA |url=http://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/news/scientists-solve-mystery-of-2018frankenstein2019-dna |work=Garvan Institute |date=11 November 2014 |access-date=11 November 2014 }}
Iranian nanotechnologists researched the chance of nanotechnology uses in targeted drug delivery systems to therapy of cancer. This examine studied the creation of a nanodrug and its effects on the remedy of breast cancer. The goal of the scientist was to present curcumin nano-drug with a sluggish and effectual release model to heal breast cancer. Curcumin is a drug with anti-cancer and anti-inflammation properties. The drug is typically used orally or peripherally.[http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=50439 Iranian Scientists Use Nanodrugs to Treat Cancer] nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Use Nanodrugs to Treat Cancer Tehran, Iran | Posted on 11 November 2014

File:Rosetta's_Philae_touchdown.jpg

12 November
The Philae probe from the Rosetta spacecraft lands successfully on the surface (at a site named Agilkia) of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.{{cite web |last1=Agle |first1=DC |last2=Webster |first2=Guy |last3=Brown |first3=Dwayne |last4=Bauer |first4=Markus |title=Rosetta's 'Philae' Makes Historic First Landing on a Comet |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-394 |date=12 November 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=13 November 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=European Space Agency's Spacecraft Lands on Comet's Surface |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/13/science/space/european-space-agencys-spacecraft-lands-on-comets-surface.html |date=12 November 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=12 November 2014 }}{{cite news |author=Editorial Board |title=In Pursuit of an Oddly Shaped Comet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/opinion/in-pursuit-of-an-oddly-shaped-comet.html |date=23 November 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=23 November 2014 }}
The genomes of the world's 17 oldest people have been published. Researchers were unable to find genes significantly associated with extreme longevity.{{cite web |title=The whole-genome sequences of the world's oldest living people published |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-11/p-tws110614.php |work=Eurekalert/PLOS |date=12 November 2014 |access-date=13 November 2014 |archive-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106150327/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-11/p-tws110614.php |url-status=dead }}
13 November – Global warming will cause lightning strikes to increase 50 percent by 2100, according to a study by the University of California - Berkeley.{{cite web |title=Lightning expected to increase by 50 percent with global warming |url=http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/11/13/lightning-expected-to-increase-by-50-percent-with-global-warming/ |work=UC Berkeley |date=13 November 2014 |access-date=17 November 2014 }}
14 November – The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reports that October 2014 was by far the hottest October on record. This follows the hottest March–May, June, August and September, also this year.{{cite web |title=Monthly Anomalies of Global Average Surface Temperature in October (1891 - 2014, preliminary value) |url=http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/products/gwp/temp/oct_wld.html |work=JMA |date=14 November 2014 |access-date=14 November 2014 }}{{cite web |title=The Planet Just Had Its Hottest October on Record |url=http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/11/14/3592424/hottest-october-on-record/ |work=Think Progress |date=14 November 2014 |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708193219/http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/11/14/3592424/hottest-october-on-record/ |archive-date=8 July 2016 |url-status=dead }}
17 November
A new AI software program developed by researchers at Google and Stanford University can recognise objects in photos and videos at near-human levels of understanding.{{cite news |title=Researchers Announce Advance in Image-Recognition Software |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/science/researchers-announce-breakthrough-in-content-recognition-software.html?_r=2 |work=The New York Times |date=17 November 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Stanford team creates computer vision algorithm that can describe photos |url=http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-computer-vision-algorithm-111814.html |work=Stanford University |date=18 November 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 |archive-date=12 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100718/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-computer-vision-algorithm-111814.html |url-status=dead }}
The strongest evidence yet that being gay is genetic has been uncovered in a detailed genetic analysis.{{cite web |title= Largest study of gay brothers homes in on 'gay genes' |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26572-study-of-hundreds-of-male-twins-zeroes-in-on-gay-genes.html |work=New Scientist |date=17 November 2014 |access-date=21 November 2014 }}
The Black seadevil Anglerfish is filmed in its natural habitat for the first time, using a remotely operated vehicle at a depth of 580 m (1,900 ft).{{cite web |title=Amazing "black sea devil" anglerfish observed in Monterey Bay |url=http://www.mbari.org/news/behind-the-scenes/behind-the-scenes.html |work=MBARI |date=17 November 2014 |access-date=25 November 2014 |archive-date=24 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324135059/http://www3.mbari.org/news/behind-the-scenes/behind-the-scenes.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |title=The anglerfish: The original approach to deep-sea fishing |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqPMP9X-89o |work=YouTube |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=25 November 2014 }}
18 November – The Philae lander is reported to have detected organic molecules on the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.{{cite web |title=Comet landing: Organic molecules detected by Philae |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30097648 |work=BBC |date=18 November 2014 |access-date=18 November 2014 }}
24 November
The first detailed, high-resolution 3-D maps of Antarctic sea ice are developed using an underwater robot.{{cite web |title=Underwater robot sheds new light on Antarctic sea ice |url=http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/press_releases/press_release.php?id=2839 |work=British Antarctic Survey |date=24 November 2014 |access-date=25 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210174850/http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/press_releases/press_release.php?id=2839 |archive-date=10 December 2014}}
Having recently been on the verge of extinction, Snake River sockeye salmon populations have recovered. Their numbers are now high enough for the species to eventually sustain itself in the wild again, it is reported.[http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/news/pressroom/documents/sockeye_press_release.pdf Northwest Science]{{cite web |title=Endangered species success: Idaho salmon regaining fitness advantage |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141125140834.htm |work=Science Daily |date=25 November 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 }}
26 November
Graphene has been found to allow positively charged hydrogen atoms or protons to pass through it, despite being impermeable to all other gases, including hydrogen itself. This could lead to major improvements in clean energy technology.{{cite web |title=Protons fuel graphene prospects |url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=13372 |work=The University of Manchester|date=26 November 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 }}{{cite journal |title=Proton transport through one-atom-thick crystals |journal=Nature|date=26 November 2014 |doi=10.1038/nature14015 |pmid=25470058 |volume=516 |issue=7530 |pages=227–230|last1=Hu |first1=S. |last2=Lozada-Hidalgo |first2=M. |last3=Wang |first3=F. C. |last4=Mishchenko |first4=A. |last5=Schedin |first5=F. |last6=Nair |first6=R. R. |last7=Hill |first7=E. W. |last8=Boukhvalov |first8=D. W. |last9=Katsnelson |first9=M. I. |last10=Dryfe |first10=R. A. W. |last11=Grigorieva |first11=I. V. |last12=Wu |first12=H. A. |last13=Geim |first13=A. K. |arxiv=1410.8724 |bibcode=2014Natur.516..227H |s2cid=4455321}}{{cite news |title=Scientists predict green energy revolution after incredible new graphene discoveries |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/scientists-predict-green-energy-revolution-after-incredible-new-graphene-discoveries-9885425.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/scientists-predict-green-energy-revolution-after-incredible-new-graphene-discoveries-9885425.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |work=The Independent |date=26 November 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 }}{{cbignore}}
An experimental vaccine to prevent Ebola has shown promising results in a Phase 1 clinical trial.{{cite web |title=Experimental Ebola vaccine appears safe, prompts immune response |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126171428.htm |work=Science Daily |date=26 November 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Ebola vaccine 'promising' say scientists after human trial |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30217573 |work=BBC |date=26 November 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 }}
Researchers at Queen Mary, University of London, report a major breakthrough in treating advanced bladder cancer.{{cite web |title=Treatment breakthrough for advanced bladder cancer |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126133827.htm |work=Science Daily|date=26 November 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Bladder cancer: 'Exciting' drug breakthrough |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30206539 |work=BBC|date=27 November 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 }}
A new study finds that DNA can survive a flight through space and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere and still pass on genetic information. These results indicate that life and organic molecules could potentially spread between planetary bodies through meteor impacts.{{cite web |title=DNA survives critical entry into Earth's atmosphere |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126144150.htm |work=Science Daily|date=26 November 2014 |access-date=27 November 2014 }}
29 November–Iranian scientists manage to produce a cancer cells annihilator tool that is able to remove cancer cells in an invasive process.[http://en.mehrnews.com/detail/News/104837 Iranian researchers invent alternative for chemotherapy] mehrnews.com, Date: 11/29/2014 12:52:05 PM

=December=

1 December
HIV is evolving into a less deadly and less infectious form as it spends more time infecting people, according to a major scientific study.{{cite web |title=HIV evolving 'into milder form' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30254697 |work=BBC|date=1 December 2014 |access-date=1 December 2014 }}
The first fossil of a carnivorous plant – an early ancestor of Roridula dating back 35 to 47 million years ago – has been reported.{{cite web |title=Found: An Insect-Eating Plant Sealed in Amber |url=http://www.popsci.com/here-science-first-fossil-carnivorous-plant-trap |work=PopSci|date=1 December 2014 |access-date=1 December 2014 }}
Astronomers, at the Planck 2014 meeting in Ferrara, Italy, report that the universe is 13.8 billion years old and is composed of 4.9 percent atomic matter, 26.6 percent dark matter and 68.5 percent dark energy.{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=New Images Refine View of Infant Universe |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/world/new-images-refine-view-of-infant-universe.html |date=1 December 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2 December 2014 }}
For the first time, 3D printing has been used to create functioning electronic circuitry made of semiconductors and other materials.{{cite web |title=3-D-Printing Bio-Electronic Parts |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/news/532816/3-d-printing-bio-electronic-parts/ |work=Technology Review|date=1 December 2014 |access-date=1 December 2014 }}
The world's first artificial enzymes have been created using synthetic biology.{{cite web |title=World's first artificial enzymes created using synthetic biology |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-12-world-artificial-enzymes-synthetic-biology.html |work=PhysOrg|date=1 December 2014 |access-date=1 December 2014 }}
2 December
DNA analysis confirms that a skeleton unearthed from a UK parking lot is the former king, Richard III, who died in 1485. This is the oldest DNA identification case of a known individual.{{cite web |title=Scientists Confirm These Really Are the Bones of Richard III |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/genetics/scientists-confirm-remains-king-richard-iii-17487010 |work=Popular Mechanics|date=2 December 2014 |access-date=2 December 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Richard III's DNA throws up infidelity surprise |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30281333 |work=BBC|date=2 December 2014 |access-date=2 December 2014 }}
New research, using ultrasound, has developed a 3D haptic shape that can be seen and felt in mid-air.{{cite web |title=See it, touch it, feel it |url=http://www.bris.ac.uk/news/2014/december/haptic-shapes-using-ultrasound.html |work=University of Bristol|date=2 December 2014 |access-date=2 December 2014 }}
A new solar cell efficiency record of 46% has been achieved by a French-German collaboration.{{cite web |title=French-German collaborators claim solar cell efficiency world record |url=http://www.electronics-eetimes.com/en/french-german-collaborators-claim-solar-cell-efficiency-world-record.html?cmp_id=7&news_id=222923159 |work=EE Times Europe |date=2 December 2014 |access-date=3 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109011958/http://www.electronics-eetimes.com/en/french-german-collaborators-claim-solar-cell-efficiency-world-record.html?cmp_id=7&news_id=222923159 |archive-date=9 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}
3 December
A decade-long study of 5,000 women has provided further evidence linking a Mediterranean diet to increased longevity.{{cite web |title=Mediterranean diet keeps people 'genetically young' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30296425 |work=BBC|date=3 December 2014 |access-date=3 December 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Mediterranean diet linked to longer life |url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1r0DcX01EjgRM1VzN2wOIOg9RDYY44Ef_bHgySNJgBbY/pub |work=British Medical Journal|date=3 December 2014 |access-date=3 December 2014 }}
The world's fastest receive-only 2-D camera has been demonstrated, capturing up to 100 billion frames per second. It is hoped this new system will improve the understanding of very fast biological interactions and chemical processes.{{cite web |title=World's fastest 2-D camera, 100 billion frames per second, may enable new scientific discoveries |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141203142418.htm |work=Science Daily|date=3 December 2014 |access-date=3 December 2014 }}
Japan launches its Hayabusa2 asteroid sample return mission.{{cite web |title=Japan Launches Asteroid-chasing Probe to Bring Space Rock Samples to Earth |url=http://www.space.com/27886-japan-launches-asteroid-spacecraft-hayabusa2.html |work=Space.com|date=2 December 2014 |access-date=3 December 2014 }}
Using new data from Kepler, an astrobiologist has attempted to update the Drake equation. It is estimated that a biotic planet may be expected within 10-100 light years from Earth, while the nearest intelligent life is probably a few thousand light years away.{{Cite journal|title=On the abundance of extraterrestrial life after the Kepler mission |volume=1412 |issue=3 |page=1302 |journal=International Journal of Astrobiology|date=3 December 2014 |arxiv=1412.1302 |bibcode=2015IJAsB..14..511W |last1=Wandel |first1=Amri |doi=10.1017/S1473550414000767|s2cid=119248259 }}{{cite web |title=Aliens Are Probably Everywhere, Just Not Anywhere Near Humans |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/alien-life-is-abundant/ |work=Motherboard|date=4 December 2014 |access-date=5 December 2014 }}
4 December – Zig-zag patterns on a shell in Indonesia are believed to be 430,000 years old, making them the earliest known engravings by a human ancestor.{{cite web |title=Indonesian shell has 'earliest human engraving' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-30324599 |work=BBC|date=4 December 2014 |access-date=4 December 2014 }}
5 December
NASA successfully conducts the first uncrewed test flight of its Orion crewed spacecraft.{{cite news |last=Fountain |first=Henry |title=NASA's Orion Spacecraft Splashes Down in Pacific After Test Flight |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/06/science/nasa-orion-spacecraft-lifts-off-into-orbit.html |date=5 December 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=5 December 2014 }}
Universities and archives announce the release of Albert Einstein{{'s}} papers, comprising more than 30,000 unique documents, available online at [http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/ Digital Einstein].[http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/ Princeton University Press, The Digital Einstein Papers, an open-access site for The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein]{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Thousands of Einstein Documents Are Now a Click Away |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/05/science/huge-trove-of-albert-einstein-documents-becomes-available-online.html |date=4 December 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=5 December 2014 }}
8 December – Scientists have made progress towards developing an "obesity pill", by using stem cells to turn white, or "bad," fat cells into brown, or "good," fat cells. Two compounds have already been shown to achieve this in human cells.{{cite web |title=A pill for obesity? |url=http://hsci.harvard.edu/news/pill-obesity |work=Harvard |date=8 December 2014 |access-date=10 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210160835/http://hsci.harvard.edu/news/pill-obesity |archive-date=10 December 2014}}
10 December
Scientists report that the composition of water vapor from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, as determined by the Rosetta spacecraft, is substantially different from that found on Earth. That is, the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen in the water from the comet was determined to be three times that found for terrestrial water. This makes it very unlikely that water found on Earth came from comets such as comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko according to the scientists.{{cite web |last1=Agle |first1=DC |last2=Bauer |first2=Markus |title=Rosetta Instrument Reignites Debate on Earth's Oceans |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-423 |date=10 December 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=10 December 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Comet Data Clears Up Debate on Earth's Water |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/11/science/rosetta-mission-data-rules-out-comets-as-a-source-for-earths-water.html |date=10 December 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=10 December 2014 }}{{cite web |title=Rosetta results: Comets 'did not bring water to Earth' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30414519 |work=BBC|date=10 December 2014 |access-date=10 December 2014 }}
The U.S. Navy introduces a new laser weapon designed to protect ships without using ammunition.{{cite web |title=U.S. Navy Unveils New Laser Weapon |url=https://www.wsj.com/video/us-navy-unveils-new-laser-weapon/1F2A2EDE-75E2-40C1-9AB8-B2BD5F77339E.html |work=WSJ|date=10 December 2014 |access-date=11 December 2014 }}
A new "high-entropy" metal alloy has been developed with a higher strength-to-weight ratio than any other existing metal material.{{cite web |title=New 'high-entropy' alloy is as light as aluminum, as strong as titanium alloys |url=http://phys.org/news/2014-12-high-entropy-alloy-aluminum-strong-titanium.html |work=PhysOrg|date=10 December 2014 |access-date=11 December 2014 }}

File:PIA19087-MarsCuriosityRover-GaleCrater-MethaneChart-20141216.png measurements in the atmosphere of Mars by the Curiosity rover.]]

11 December – A weak, atypical photon emission in X-rays coming from space may be physical evidence of a dark matter particle, it is reported.{{cite web |title=Researchers detect possible signal from dark matter |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141211115520.htm |work=Science Daily |date=11 December 2014 |access-date=13 December 2014 }}{{cite news |title=Have scientists found first sign of Dark Matter? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11288601/Have-scientists-found-first-sign-of-Dark-Matter.html |work=The Telegraph |date=11 December 2014 |access-date=13 December 2014 |last1=Knapton |first1=Sarah }}
12 December – Iranian scientists of Tehran University created a drug nanosystem at laboratorial scale to acquire safe-to-eat insulin.[http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=50587 Iranian Scientists Take Step towards Production of Edible Insulin] .nanotech-now.com _ Iranian Scientists Take Step towards Production of Edible Insulin Tehran, Iran | Posted on 12 December 2014
15 December
Satellite data reveals that the most dense stores of carbon in the Amazon basin are not above ground in trees but below ground in peatlands.{{cite web |title=Amazon peatlands are 'most carbon-dense ecosystem' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30448519 |work=BBC |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=16 December 2014 }}
One of the six remaining northern white rhinoceros has died of old age at the San Diego Zoo in California, leaving only five in the entire world.{{cite web |title=One of six remaining northern white rhinos dies in US |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-30484529 |work=BBC |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=16 December 2014 }}
People who feel younger than their real age are more likely to live longer, according to research by University College London. Positive outlooks on life and aging, a sense of empowerment and will to live may explain the difference in life expectancy.{{cite web |title=Feeling Younger Than Actual Age Meant Lower Death Rate for Older People |url=http://media.jamanetwork.com/news-item/feeling-younger-than-actual-age-meant-lower-death-rate-for-older-people/ |work=The JAMA Network Journals |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=28 December 2014 }}{{Cite journal|title=Feeling Old vs Being Old |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=15 December 2014 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6580 |pmid=25506678 |last1=Rippon |first1=Isla |last2=Steptoe |first2=Andrew |volume=175 |issue=2 |pages=307–9 |doi-access=free }}
Iranian researchers Convert Curcumin Existing in Turmeric into safe-to-eat Nanodrug.[http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=50592 http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=50592] nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Convert Curcumin Existing in Turmeric into Edible Nanodrug Tehran, Iran | Posted on 15 December 2014
16 December
NASA reports detecting an unusual increase, then decrease, in the amounts of methane in the atmosphere of the planet Mars; in addition, organic chemicals are detected in powder drilled from a rock by the Curiosity rover. Also, based on deuterium to hydrogen ratio studies, much of the water at Gale Crater on Mars was found to have been lost during ancient times, before the lakebed in the crater was formed; afterwards, large amounts of water continued to be lost.{{cite web |last1=Webster |first1=Guy |last2=Neal-Jones |first2=Nancy |last3=Brown |first3=Dwayne |title=NASA Rover Finds Active and Ancient Organic Chemistry on Mars |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-432 |date=16 December 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=16 December 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title='A Great Moment': Rover Finds Clue That Mars May Harbor Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/17/science/a-new-clue-in-the-search-for-life-on-mars.html |date=16 December 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=16 December 2014 }}{{cite journal |title=Mars Atmosphere - The imprint of atmospheric evolution in the D/H of Hesperian clay minerals on Mars |date=16 December 2014 |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.1260291 |display-authors=1 |last1=Mahaffy |first1=P. R. |last2=Webster |first2=C. R. |last3=Stern |first3=J. C. |last4=Brunner |first4=A. E. |last5=Atreya |first5=S. K. |last6=Conrad |first6=P. G. |last7=Domagal-Goldman |first7=S. |last8=Eigenbrode |first8=J. L. |last9=Flesch |first9=G. J. |last10=Christensen |first10=L. E. |last11=Franz |first11=H. B. |last12=Freissinet |first12=C. |last13=Glavin |first13=D. P. |last14=Grotzinger |first14=J. P. |last15=Jones |first15=J. H. |last16=Leshin |first16=L. A. |last17=Malespin |first17=C. |last18=McAdam |first18=A. C. |last19=Ming |first19=D. W. |last20=Navarro-Gonzalez |first20=R. |last21=Niles |first21=P. B. |last22=Owen |first22=T. |last23=Pavlov |first23=A. A. |last24=Steele |first24=A. |last25=Trainer |first25=M. G. |last26=Williford |first26=K. H. |last27=Wray |first27=J. J. |last28=Abbey |first28=W. |last29=Achilles |first29=C. |last30=Agard |first30=C. |volume=347 |issue=6220 |pages=412–414|bibcode = 2015Sci...347..412M |pmid=25515119|s2cid=37075396 |url=https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141210-083740627 }}
Stanford University announces "The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence" (AI100).{{cite web |title=Stanford to host 100-year study on artificial intelligence |url=http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ai-century-study-121614.html |work=Stanford University |date=16 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 |archive-date=12 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100557/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ai-century-study-121614.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |title=Study to Examine Effects of Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/16/science/century-long-study-will-examine-effects-of-artificial-intelligence.html |work=The New York Times |date=15 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 }}{{cite web |title=One-Hundred Year Study of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections and Framing |url=https://stanford.app.box.com/s/266hrhww2l3gjoy9euar |work=Eric Horvitz |date=2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 }}
By blocking the activity of an enzyme known as Granzyme b, researchers have slowed aging in the skin of mice.{{cite web |title=UBC scientist finds genetic wrinkle to block sun-induced skin aging |url=http://news.ubc.ca/2014/12/16/ubc-scientist-finds-genetic-wrinkle-to-block-sun-induced-skin-aging/ |work=The University of British Columbia |date=16 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 }}
17 December – A Colorado man becomes the first bilateral shoulder-level amputee to wear and simultaneously control two modular prosthetic limbs using his thoughts alone.{{cite web |title=Amputee makes history controlling two modular prosthetic limbs |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141217113520.htm |work=Science Daily |date=17 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 }}
18 December
NASA announces the Kepler spacecraft, newly configured as the K2 mission, to produce better stability due to failures with reaction wheels, detected its first confirmed exoplanet, HIP 116454 b, a Super-Earth.{{cite web |last1=Chou |first1=Felicia |last2=Johnson |first2=Michele |title=Release 14-335 - NASA's Kepler Reborn, Makes First Exoplanet Find of New Mission |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/december/nasa-s-kepler-reborn-makes-first-exoplanet-find-of-new-mission/ |date=18 December 2014 |work=NASA |access-date=19 December 2014 }}
NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2), launched on 2 July, returns its first global maps of the greenhouse gas CO₂.{{cite web |title=Carbon dioxide satellite mission returns first global maps |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30399073 |work=BBC |date=18 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 }}
Regular doses of ibuprofen can extend the lifespan of yeast, worms and flies by 15 percent, it is reported.{{cite web |title=Ibuprofen use leads to extended lifespan in several species, study shows |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141218141004.htm |work=Science Daily|date=18 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 }}
Iranian scientists go up the important properties of super capacitors, including power, energy and life-span by applying nanotechnology. Outcomes of the study have applications in medical, data and power industries.[http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=50617 Iranian Scientists Use Nanotechnology to Increase Power, Energy of Supercapacitors] nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Use Nanotechnology to Increase Power, Energy of Supercapacitors Tehran, Iran | Posted on 18 December 2014
19 December – A new species of fish is discovered in the Mariana Trench at a depth of {{convert|8145|m|ft|abbr=on}}; beating the previous record for the world's deepest fish by nearly {{convert|500|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |title=New record for deepest fish |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30541065 |work=BBC |date=19 December 2014 |access-date=19 December 2014 }}
23 December – A new treatment for arthritis involving the use of implanted bio-electronics is announced. More than half of patients using the device saw a dramatic reduction in symptoms. It is believed the treatment could be widely used within 10 years.{{cite web |title='Nerve Hack' Offers Arthritis Sufferers Hope |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1396464/nerve-hack-offers-arthritis-sufferers-hope |work=Sky News|date=23 December 2014 |access-date=23 December 2014 }}
24 December
Scientists have discovered rods and cones preserved for 300 million years in a fossilised fish eye – the first time that fossilised photoreceptors from a vertebrate eye have ever been seen.{{cite news |title=In fossilized fish eye, rods and cones preserved for 300 million years |url=http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-fossilized-fish-rods-cones-20141223-story.html |newspaper=LA Times|date=23 December 2014 |access-date=24 December 2014 }}{{cite journal |title=Mineralized rods and cones suggest colour vision in a 300 Myr-old fossil fish |volume=5 |page=5920 |journal=Nature|date=23 December 2014 |doi=10.1038/ncomms6920 |last1=Tanaka |first1=Gengo |last2=Parker |first2=Andrew R. |last3=Hasegawa |first3=Yoshikazu |last4=Siveter |first4=David J. |last5=Yamamoto |first5=Ryoichi |last6=Miyashita |first6=Kiyoshi |last7=Takahashi |first7=Yuichi |last8=Ito |first8=Shosuke |last9=Wakamatsu |first9=Kazumasa |last10=Mukuda |first10=Takao |last11=Matsuura |first11=Marie |last12=Tomikawa |first12=Ko |last13=Furutani |first13=Masumi |last14=Suzuki |first14=Kayo |last15=Maeda |first15=Haruyoshi |bibcode=2014NatCo...5.5920T |pmid=25536302|doi-access=free |hdl=2324/2928820 |hdl-access=free }}
The results of a study into police body cameras show that the technology can significantly reduce both excessive use-of-force by officers and complaints against officers by the public.{{cite web |title=First scientific report shows police body-cameras can prevent unacceptable use-of-force |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-12/uoc-fsr122414.php |work=University of Cambridge|date=24 December 2014 |access-date=29 December 2014 }}
26 December – Moscow State University has announced the creation of a DNA bank to store genetic samples from every living thing on Earth. The facility, funded by the country's largest ever scientific grant, will be opened in 2018.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
29 December – Iranian researchers produce silver nanoparticles from eucalyptus extract. The goal of the study was to make silver nanoparticles from herbal tissue of a special sort of eucalyptus, and to research operation circumstances on the volume of particles.[http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=50640 Iranian Scientists Produce Silver Nanoparticles from Eucalyptus Extract] nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Produce Silver Nanoparticles from Eucalyptus Extract Tehran, Iran | Posted on 29 December 2014
31 December – For the first time, a frog species – Limnonectes larvaepartus – is discovered giving live birth to tadpoles, as opposed to frogspawn or froglets.{{cite web |title=New fanged frog 'gives birth to tadpoles' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30643756 |work=BBC|date=31 December 2014 |access-date=2 January 2015 }}

= Undated =

Researchers prove that the dinosaurs that finally converted to birds regularly got smaller and finer boned over time.{{cite journal|title=The birth of birds|issue=6216|pages=1444–1449|journal=Science|volume=346|date=19 December 2014|doi=10.1126/science.346.6216.1444|pmid=25525224|last1=Pennisi|first1=E.|author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi|last2=Kaiser|first2=J.|last3=Service|first3=R. F.|last4=Gibbons|first4=A.|last5=Vogel|first5=G.|last6=Underwood|first6=E.|last7=Hand|first7=E.|doi-access=free}}
Researchers claim alcoholic beverage causes successful aging for women.{{cite web|url=http://www.rd.com/health/wellness/why-women-can-drink-moderately-to-their-health/|title= Why Women Can Drink (Moderately) to Their Health|work=Reader's Digest|date=n.d.}}

Deaths

4 January – Shirley Jeffrey, 74, Australian biologist and academic
12 January – William Feindel, 95, Canadian neurosurgeon, scientist and professor{{cite web|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/channels/news/william-feindel-1918-2014-232442 |title=William Feindel (1918–2014) |publisher=McGill University |date= January 2014|access-date=15 January 2014}}
25 January – John R. Huizenga, 92, American nuclear physicist
29 January – Robert Resnick, 91, American physicist, academic and author{{cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/postgazette/obituary.aspx?pid=169415914|title=Robert Resnick Obituary|publisher=Legacy.com|access-date=25 March 2014}}
15 February – Thelma Estrin, 89, American computer scientist and biomedical engineer
18 February – Forman S. Acton, 93, American computer scientist, author and academic{{cite web|url=http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S39/47/41O84/index.xml?section=topstories|title=Forman Acton, pioneer in early computing, dies|publisher=Princeton University|date=14 March 2014|access-date=23 March 2015}}
3 March – Joab Thomas, 81, American university administrator and scientist{{cite web|url=http://news.psu.edu/story/306415/2014/03/03/administration/university-mourns-loss-president-emeritus-joab-thomas|title=University mourns loss of president emeritus Joab Thomas|publisher=PSU.edu|date=3 March 2014|access-date=17 December 2014}}
29 March – Ruth A. M. Schmidt, 97, American geologist
1 May – Radhia Cousot, 67, French computer scientist, co-inventor of abstract interpretationPatrick Cousot, Radhia Cousot: [https://www.di.ens.fr/~cousot/publications.www/CousotCousot-POPL-77-ACM-p238--252-1977.pdf "Abstract Interpretation: A Unified Lattice Model for Static Analysis of Programs by Construction or Approximation of Fixpoints"]. Conference Record of the Fourth ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, Los Angeles, California, USA, January 1977. ACM, 1977, pp. 238-252.
4 May – Edgar Cortright, 90, American scientist and engineer, NASA senior official[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/tcpalm/obituary.aspx?n=edgar-cortright&pid=170925326 Obituary: Dr. Edgar Cortright]. TC Palm via Legacy.com. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
7 May – Colin Pillinger, 70, English planetary scientist[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27322166 "Colin Pillinger dies after brain haemorrhage"]. BBC. May 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
8 May – Roger L. Easton, 93, American scientist, principal inventor and designer of the Global Positioning System (GPS){{cite web|title=Mr. Roger L Easton, Sr. |url=http://www.afspc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100405-045.pdf |date=28 October 2013 |publisher=Air Force Space Command |access-date=17 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203157/http://www.afspc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100405-045.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2013}}
17 May – Gerald Edelman, 84, American scientist, recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on understanding the structure of antibodies{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/edelman-facts.html|title=Gerald Edelman|publisher=NobelPrize.org|access-date=17 December 2014}}
6 June – Lorna Wing, 85, English psychiatrist
18 June – Stephanie Kwolek, 90, American chemist, National Medal of Technology laureate, inventor of Kevlar
27 August – Xia Peisu, 91, Chinese computer scientist
2 September – William Merton, 96, British military scientist and banker{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11162354/William-Merton-obituary.html|title=William Merton - obituary|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=14 October 2014|access-date=21 January 2015}}
15 November – Max Birnstiel, 81, Swiss molecular biologist{{cite journal|last1=Grunstein|first1=Michael|last2=Bird|first2=Adrian|title=Max Birnstiel 1933–2014: Gene pioneer|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=2015-01-13|volume=112|issue=2|pages=302–303|doi=10.1073/pnas.1423755112|bibcode=2015PNAS..112..302G|pmid=25556180|pmc=4299252|doi-access=free}}
3 December – Nathaniel Branden, 84, Canadian American psychotherapist
18 December – Robert Simpson, 102, American meteorologist and co-developer of the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale{{cite news|title=Robert Simpson, co-developer of hurricane scale, dies at 102|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2014/12/19/robert-simpson-co-developer-of-hurricane-scale-dies-at-102/|newspaper= The Washington Post|date=19 December 2014|access-date=27 February 2015}}
25 December – Mary F. Lyon, 89, British geneticist{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11387229/Mary-Lyon-geneticist-obituary.html|title=Mary Lyon, geneticist - obituary|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=3 February 2015|access-date=4 March 2015}}

References

External links

[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientific-american-s-top-10-science-stories-of-2014/?page=10 "Scientific American{{'}}s Top 10 Science Stories of 2014"]. Scientific American. 12 December 2014.
[https://www.theguardian.com/science/science+tone/obituaries Science obituaries in The Guardian]
[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/science-obituaries/ Science obituaries in The Daily Telegraph]
[http://www.legacy.com/memorial-sites/science/ Science obituaries at Legacy.com]

Category:21st century in science

Category:2010s in science