Bagri language

{{Infobox language

| name = Bagri

| ethnicity = Rajasthani

| nativename = बागड़ी

| image = Bagri language.svg

| imagecaption = The word "Bagri" written in Devanagari script

| states = India

| region = Bagar

| speakers = 8,556,652

| date = 2011 census

| ref = {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=7 July 2018}}

| familycolor = Indo-European

| fam2 = Indo-Iranian

| fam3 = Indo-Aryan

| fam4 = Western

| fam5 = Rajasthanihttps://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/18895/GIPE-070453.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y|Bagri is classified under Rajasthani language since census 1931 according to Government of India which is available in the provided official pdf

| minority = Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab

| script = Devanagari,

| iso3 = bgq

| glotto = bagr1243

| glottorefname = Bagri

| map = {{maplink

|frame=yes

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|id=Q117230972

|title=Anupgarh district

|fill=#FF9933

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|title2=Sri Ganganagar district

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|title3=Hanumangarh district

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|title4=Bikaner district

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|title5=Churu district

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|title6=Fazilka district

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|title7=Muktsar district

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|title8=Sirsa District

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|title9=Fatehabad district

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|title10=Hisar district

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|title11=Bhiwani district

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|title12=Charkhi Dadri district

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|map_caption=Geographical extent of Bagar region: Anupgarh district, Sri Ganganagar district, Hanumangarh district, Bikaner district, Churu district, Fazilka district, Muktsar district, Sirsa District, Fatehabad district, Hisar district, Bhiwani district, and Charkhi Dadri district (all shown in Kesari).

}}

| mapcaption = Bagar Region

}}

The Bagri language is a dialect of Rajasthani that takes its name from the Bagar tract region of Northwestern India in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.{{cite web |url=http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf |title=Revised Land and Revenue Settlement of Hisar District 9006-9011 |access-date=26 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517124050/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2017 |url-status=dead }} Bagri is a typical Indo-Aryan language akin to Rajasthani and Haryanvi with SOV word order. The most striking phonological feature of Bagri is the presence of three lexical tones: high, mid, and low, akin to Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Punjabi. Bagri is a language of earlier Bikaner state which included district Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Churu, Bikaner of Rajasthan and Sirsa(Haryana), Hisar (Haryana), Fazilka (punjab) at a point in time.

The speakers are mostly in India, with a minority of them in Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar areas in modern day Pakistan. According to the 2011 census of India, there are 234,227 speakers of Bagri in Rajasthan and 1,656,588 speakers of Bagri in Punjab and Haryana.[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf Census of India 2011]

Geographical distribution

449x449px

States	Districts and tehsils
class="wikitable" \|+ The following table shows the Geographical distribution of Bagri speakers in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
Rajasthan	* Anupgarh district, Sri Ganganagar district, Jhunjhunu district, Hanumangarh district, Khajuwala, Chhatargarh, Loonkaransar, Pugal, Sri Dungargarh and Bikaner tehsils of Bikaner district, Taranagar, Sardarshahar, Rajgarh, Sidhmukh, Bhanipura, Ratangarh and Churu tehsils in Churu district.Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994
Punjab	* Abohar & Fazilka tehsils of Fazilka district, Southern villages of Muktsar district.Gusain, Lakhan: Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.aspx Census India 2001]
Haryana	*Sirsa district ( not including North-eastern punjabi Kalanwali Mandi region), Fatehabad district upto the Ghaggar River,{{Cite web\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044\|title=The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... \| Download Scientific Diagram}} Barwala, Adampur and Hisar tehsils of Hisar district. Siwani and western part Loharu of Bhiwani district Badhra tehsil of Charkhi Dadri district

Features

=Phonology=

Bagri distinguishes 31 consonants including a retroflex series, 10 vowels, 2 diphthongs, and 3 tones.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" \|+Consonants{{Cite book \|last=Gusain \|first=Lakhan \|title=A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri \|pages=165–198}} ! colspan="2" \| ! Labial ! Dental ! Retroflex ! Palatal ! Velar !Glottal
rowspan="4" \| plosive ! Voiceless \| {{IPA link\|p}} \| {{IPA link\|t}} \|ʈ ⟨ṭ⟩ \| c \| k \|
Aspirated \|pʰ \|tʰ \|ʈʰ ⟨ṭh⟩ \|cʰ \|kʰ \|
Voiced \| {{IPA link\|b}} \| {{IPA link\|d}} \|ɖ ⟨ḍ⟩ \| ɟ ⟨j⟩ \| g \|
Breathy \| bʰ \| dʰ \|ɖʰ ⟨ḍh⟩ \| ɟʰ ⟨jh⟩ \| gʰ \|
colspan="2" \| fricative \| \| {{IPA link\|s}} \| \| \| \|h
rowspan="4" \| sonorant ! Nasal \| {{IPA link\|m}} \| {{IPA link\|n}} \|ɳ ⟨ṇ⟩ \| \| \|
Approximant \| \| l \|ɭ ⟨ḷ⟩ \|j ⟨y⟩ \|{{IPA link\|w}} \|
Flap \| \| \|ɽ ⟨ṛ⟩ \| \| \|
Trill \| \|r \| \| \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Consonants{{Cite book |last=Gusain |first=Lakhan |title=A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri |pages=165–198}}

! colspan="2" |

! Labial

! Dental

! Retroflex

! Palatal

! Velar

!Glottal

rowspan="4" | plosive

! Voiceless

| {{IPA link|p}}

| {{IPA link|t}}

|ʈ ⟨ṭ⟩

| c

| k

Aspirated

|pʰ

|tʰ

|ʈʰ ⟨ṭh⟩

|cʰ

|kʰ

Voiced

| {{IPA link|b}}

| {{IPA link|d}}

|ɖ ⟨ḍ⟩

| ɟ ⟨j⟩

| g

Breathy

| bʰ

| dʰ

|ɖʰ ⟨ḍh⟩

| ɟʰ ⟨jh⟩

| gʰ

colspan="2" | fricative

| {{IPA link|s}}

rowspan="4" | sonorant

! Nasal

| {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n}}

|ɳ ⟨ṇ⟩

Approximant

| l

|ɭ ⟨ḷ⟩

|j ⟨y⟩

|{{IPA link|w}}

Flap

|ɽ ⟨ṛ⟩

Trill

/ɳ/, /ɭ/ and /ɽ/ do not occur word initially.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" \|+Vowels
!Front ! Central ! Back
Close \|iː ⟨ī⟩ \| \|uː ⟨ū⟩
Near-close \|ɪ ⟨i⟩ \| \|ʊ ⟨u⟩
Close-mid \|eː ⟨e⟩ \|ə ⟨a⟩ \|oː ⟨o⟩
Open-mid \|ɛː ⟨ai⟩ \| \|ɔː ⟨au⟩
Open \| \|aː ⟨ā⟩ \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Vowels

!Front

! Central

! Back

|iː ⟨ī⟩

|uː ⟨ū⟩

Near-close

|ɪ ⟨i⟩

|ʊ ⟨u⟩

Close-mid

|eː ⟨e⟩

|ə ⟨a⟩

|oː ⟨o⟩

Open-mid

|ɛː ⟨ai⟩

|ɔː ⟨au⟩

Open

|aː ⟨ā⟩

All vowels have their nasalised counterpart, marked with ◌̃ (ँ in Devanagari).

Bagri has 3 tones in a similar way to the Punjabi language. A rising-falling tone ◌́, a rising tone ◌̀, and an unmarked mid tone.

=Declension=

There are two numbers: singular and plural.
Two genders: masculine and feminine.
Three cases: simple, oblique, and vocative. Case marking is partly inflectional and partly postpositional.
Nouns are declined according to their final segments.
All pronouns are inflected for number and case but gender is distinguished only in the third person singular pronouns.
The third person pronouns are distinguished on the proximity/remoteness dimension in each gender.
Adjectives are of two types: either ending in /-o/ or not.
Cardinal numbers up to ten are infected.
Both present and past participles function as adjectives.

=Verbs=

There are three tenses and four moods.

=Syntax=

Sentence types are of traditional nature.{{clarify|date=August 2012}}
Coordination and subordination are very important in complex sentences.
Parallel lexicon are existing and are very important from sociolinguistic point of view.{{clarify|date=August 2012}}

Samples

{{fs interlinear|रोळो है के कोई तेरै|rollo ha ke koī terai|Do you have any problem?}}

{{fs interlinear|तू कठै गयैड़ो हो|too kithe gayairo a|Where did you go?}}

{{fs interlinear|ब्या मे कुण आयो|byah m kun aayo|Who came in the marriage?}}

{{fs interlinear|टाबरो के करो हो|tabaro ke karo ho|What are you doing kids?}}

Official status

Bagari is language of Bagar region of Rajasthan extended to some parts of Punjab and Haryana and Pakistan also. Bagri is spoken by Kumawats, Jats, Rajputs, Bagri Kumhars, Suthar, Meghwal, Chamars and others casts residing there. Bagri derives its roots from Marwari when bhati dynasty ruled over the region from Bhatner, modern day Hanumangarh which is epicentre of Bagri language.

Bagri culture is also same in this region .

{{cite web |title=LANGUAGE - INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES (Table C-16) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712135523/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |archive-date=Jul 12, 2018 |website=Census of India 2011}}

Work on Bagri

Grierson, G. A. 1908. (Reprint 1968). Linguistic Survey of India. Volume IX, Part II. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass
Gusain, Lakhan. 1994. Reflexives in Bagri. M.Phil. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
Gusain, Lakhan. 1999. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. Ph.D. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
Gusain, Lakhan. 2000a. Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000
Gusain, Lakhan. 2000b. Bagri Grammar. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384)
Gusain, Lakhan. 2008. Bagri Learners' Reference Grammar. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Northside Publishers
Wilson, J. 1883. Sirsa Settlement Report. Chandigarh: Government Press

Gallery

Regions where Bagri is spoken:

File:Map rajasthan dist 7 div.png|Bagri is the First language of Sri Ganganagar district, Hanumangarh district, Churu district, Bikaner district and a major language in north-western part of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan.

File:India - Haryana - Sirsa.svg|Bagri is the First language in Sirsa district.

File:India - Haryana - Fatehabad.svg|Bagri is the First language in western Fatehabad district Hisar, Bhiwani, Charkhi dadri.

File:Punjab district map.png|Bagri is the major language in Fazilka district and as a minor language in southern villages of Muktsar district of Southern Punjab (India).

References

Bibliography

{{Cite thesis| last = Gusain| first = Lakhan| date = 1999| title = A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri| hdl = 10603/16847| institution = Jawaharlal Nehru University| type = PhD}}
{{Cite book| last = Gusain| first = Lakhan| date = 2000| title = Bagri| series = Languages of the world. Materials| publisher = LINCOM Europa| location = Munich| isbn = 978-3-89586-398-1}}