Circuit de la Sarthe#Bugatti Circuit

The road racing track, which was a triangle from Le Mans down south to Mulsanne, northwest to Arnage, and back north to Le Mans, has undergone many modifications over the years, with CIRCUIT N°15 being in use since 2018. Even with the modifications put in place over the years, the Sarthe circuit is still known for being very fast, with prototype cars achieving average lap speeds in excess of {{cvt|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.

In the 1920s, the cars drove from the present pits on Rue de Laigné straight into the city, and after a sharp right-hand corner near the river Huisne Pontlieue bridge (a hairpin permanently removed from the circuit in 1929), before exiting the city again on the rather straight section now named Avenue Georges Durand after the race's founder. Then {{cvt|17.261|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and unpaved, a bypass within the city shortened the track in 1929, but the city was only bypassed completely in 1932, when the section from the pits via the Dunlop Bridge and the Esses to Tertre Rouge was added. This classic configuration was {{cvt|13.492|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and remained almost unaltered even after the 1955 tragedy. Its frighteningly narrow pit straight was further narrowed to make room for the pits and was part of the road itself, without the road becoming wider around the pits, and no separation. The pit straight then was about {{cvt|12|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} wide, further widened in 1956 after the tragedy, but the race track and pits were not separated for another 15 years.

File:Le Mans walker 023.jpg

Car speeds increased dramatically in the 1960s, pushing the limits of the "classic circuit" and sparking criticism of the track as being unsafe after several trials related fatalities occurred. In 1965, a smaller, but permanent, Bugatti Circuit was added which shares the pit lane facilities and the first corner (including the famous Dunlop bridge) with the full "Le Mans" circuit. For the 1968 race, the Ford chicane was added before the pits to slow down the cars. The circuit was fitted with Armco barriers for the 1969 race. The "Maison Blanche" kink was particularly harrowing, claiming many cars over the years (including three Ferrari 512 variants) and several lives, including the legendary John Woolfe in 1969 behind the wheel of a Porsche 917. The circuit has been modified ten more times — 1971, a year when prototypes were averaging over {{cvt|240|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, was the last year the classic circuit was used. That year, an Armco barrier was added to the pit straight to separate the track from the pits. In 1972, the race track was considerably revamped, at a cost of 300 million francs, with modification of the pit area and the first and final straights, the addition of the quick Porsche curves bypassing "Maison Blanche", the signalling area being moved to the exit of the slow Mulsanne corner, and the track being resurfaced.

File:Circuito de la Sarthe-curva dunlop.JPG

In 1979, due to the construction of a new public road, the profile of "Tertre Rouge" had to be changed. This redesign led to a faster double-apex corner and saw the removal of the second Dunlop Bridge. In 1986, construction of a new roundabout at the Mulsanne corner demanded the addition a new portion of track in order to avoid the roundabout. This created a right hand kink prior to Mulsanne corner. In 1987, a chicane was added to the very fast Dunlop curve, where cars would go under the Dunlop bridge at {{cvt|180|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Now they would be slowed to {{cvt|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.

File:United-autosports-le-mans-test-087.jpg]]

Le Mans was most famous for its {{cvt|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} long straight, called Ligne Droite des Hunaudières, a part of the route départementale (for the Sarthe département) D338 (formerly Route Nationale N138). As the Hunaudières leads to the village of Mulsanne, it is often called the Mulsanne Straight in English, even though the proper Route du Mulsanne is the one from or to Arnage.

After exiting the Tertre Rouge corner, cars spent almost half of the lap at full throttle, before braking for Mulsanne Corner. The Porsche 917 long tail, used from 1969 to 1971, had reached {{cvt|362|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Fuller|2010}} After engine size was limited, the top speed dropped until powerful turbo engines were allowed, like in the 1978 Porsche 935, which was clocked at {{cvt|367|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.{{cite book|last1=Leffingwell|first1=Randy|title=Porsche 911: Perfection by Design|date=2005|publisher=Motorbooks|page=155}} Speeds on the straight by the Group C prototypes reached over {{cvt|400|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} during the late 1980s. At the beginning of the 1988 24 Hours of Le Mans race, Roger Dorchy driving for Welter Racing in a "Project 400" car, which sacrificed reliability for speed, was clocked by radar travelling at {{cvt|407|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Jean-Louis Lafosse and Jo Gartner would ultimately suffer from fatal high speed accidents in 1981 and 1986, respectively, leading to concerns with the growing speeds on the {{cvt|3.7|mi|km|abbr=on}} straight.

As the combination of high speed and high downforce caused tyre and engine failures, two roughly equally spaced chicanes were consequently added to the Mulsanne Straight before the 1990 race to limit the maximum achievable speed.{{sfn|Speedhunters staff|2008}} The chicanes were also added because the FIA decreed it would no longer sanction a circuit which had a straight longer than {{cvt|2|km|mi|abbr=on}},{{sfn|RC staff|2015}} which is roughly the length of the Döttinger Höhe straight at the Nürburgring Nordschleife. The fastest qualifying lap average speed though only dropped from {{convert|249.826 to 243.329|km/h|mi/h|abbr=on}} in 1992. In 1994, the Dunlop chicane was tightened.

In 2002, the run to the Esses was reconfigured in the wake of renovations to the Bugatti Circuit. The Le Mans circuit was changed between the Dunlop Bridge and Esses, with the straight now becoming a set of fast sweeping turns. This layout allowed for a better transition from the Le Mans circuit to the Bugatti circuit. This layout change would also require the track's infamous carnival to be relocated near the Porsche curves, and in 2006, the ACO redeveloped the area between the Dunlop Curve and Tertre Rouge, moving the Dunlop Chicane in even tighter to create more run-off area, while also turning the area after the Dunlop Chicane into an even larger set of fast, sweeping turns, known as the Esses en route to Tertre Rouge. As part of the development, a new extended pit lane exit was created for the Bugatti Circuit. This second pit exit re-enters the track just beyond the Dunlop Chicane and before the Dunlop Bridge.

Following the fatal crash of Danish driver Allan Simonsen at the 2013 race at the exit of Tertre Rouge into D338, Tertre Rouge was re-profiled again. The radius was moved in approximately {{cvt|200|m|yd|abbr=on}} for safety reasons with new tyre barriers at the exit.{{cite web|url=http://www.24h-lemans.com/en/news/2014-24-hours-of-le-mans-work-continues-at-tertre-rouge_2_2_1746_15219.html|title=24 Hours of Le Mans - ACO - Automobile Club de l'Ouest|work=24h-lemans.com|access-date=19 June 2016}} The current version of the track has been in use since 2018.

Image:Circuit De La Sarthe map.JPG|An on site map of the circuit

Image:Dunlop curves 2006 run off modifications.JPG|The area before the Dunlop bridge, modified for 2006

Image:Circuit de la Sarthe Ford Chicanes.jpg|The Ford Chicanes

Image:Mulsanne Le Mans.jpg|A large portion of the track still consists of Sarthe Route Départementale D338.

Image:Le Mans location map.jpg|Circuit location between Le Mans and Mulsanne, France

File:Circuit-de-la-sarthe-1906-(openstreetmap).png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1906)

File:Circuit-de-la-sarthe-1911-1913-(openstreetmap).png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1911–1913)

File:Circuit-de-la-sarthe-1906-1921-(openstreetmap).png|Comparison of Circuit de la Sarthe layouts between 1906 and 1921

File:Circuit de la Sarthe Le Mans 1921-1928.png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1921–1928)

File:Circuit de la Sarthe Le Mans 1929-1931.png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1929–1931)

File:Circuit de La Sarthe Le Mans 1932-1967.png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1932–1967)

File:Circuit de la Sarthe Le Mans 1968-1971.png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1968–1971)

File:Circuit de la Sarthe Le Mans 1972-1978.png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1972–1978)

File:Circuit de la Sarthe Le Mans 1979-1985.png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1979–1985)

File:Circuit de la Sarthe Le Mans 1986.png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1986)

File:Circuit de la Sarthe Le Mans 1987-1989.png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1987–1989)

File:Circuit de la Sarthe Le Mans 1990-2001.png|Circuit de la Sarthe (1990–2001)

File:Circuit de la Sarthe track map.svg|Circuit de la Sarthe (2002–present)

File:Le Mans Circuit comparison.png|Layout evolution of Circuit de la Sarthe

As of June 2024, the fastest official race lap records at the Circuit de la Sarthe for different classes are listed as:

In 1988, Team WM Peugeot were well aware of their slim chance of winning the 24-hour endurance race outright, but they knew that their Welter Racing designed car had exceptional straight line aerodynamics. Thus they nicknamed their 1988 entry "Project 400" (aiming to be the first car to achieve a speed of {{cvt|400|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} on the famous straight), although the official team entry was named WM Secateva.

Roger Dorchy and Claude Haldi would be the drivers of car 51 while Pascal Pessiot and Jean-Daniel Raulet would drive the team's other car (#52). The latter lasted only 22 laps, and car 51 went into the pits around 17:00 in the afternoon with engine problems. After spending 3.5 hours in the pits, the team had the car back on the track and they decided to go for it. The plan worked: with Roger Dorchy behind the wheel the WM P87 achieved the speed of {{cvt|407|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The Peugeot retired shortly after that (on lap 59) with an overheating engine. By then it had outlasted two other Group C1 entrants.{{cite web|url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/motorsports/news/a29904/in-1988-a-renegade-le-mans-team-broke-the-record-at-the-mulsanne-straight/|title=In 1988, a Renegade Le Mans Team Broke The Record At The Mulsanne Straight|work=roadandtrack.com|date=10 July 2016 |access-date=7 June 2017}}

Since Peugeot had just launched its new model 405, the team agreed to advertise the new record as "405". This has led to many people mistakenly stating the record as only {{cvt|405|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, but Dorchy's best run down the Mulsanne straight was clocked at {{cvt|407|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.

{{Motorsport venue

| Name = Bugatti Circuit

| Nicknames =

| Time = CET (UTC+1)
CEST (DST)

| Location = Le Mans, Pays de la Loire, France

| Coordinates =

| FIA_grade = 2 (Bugatti)

| Image = File:Bugatti Circuit.svg

| Image_caption = Bugatti Circuit (2002–present)

| Capacity =

| Owner = Automobile Club de l'Ouest
Ville du Mans

| Operator = Automobile Club de l'Ouest

| Broke_ground =

| Opened = 1965

| Closed =

| Construction_cost =

| Architect =

| Former_names =

| Events = Current:
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
French motorcycle Grand Prix
(1969–1970, 1976, 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989–1990, 1994–1995, 2000–present)
Vitesse du Mans motorcycle Grand Prix (1991)
FIM EWC
24 Hours of Le Mans Moto
(1978–present)
ETRC
24 Heures Camions Le Mans
(2003–present)
Sidecar World Championship (1969–1970, 1976, 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989–1991, 1995, 2007–2019, 2021–2022, 2024–present)
Former:
World SBK (1988, 1990)
DTM (2006, 2008)
World Series by Renault
(2005–2006, 2008–2009, 2015)
F3000 (1986–1991)
Formula One French Grand Prix (1967)

| Layout1 = Bugatti Circuit (2002–present)

| Surface = Tarmac

| Length_km = 4.185

| Length_mi = 2.600

| Turns = 14

| Record_time = 1:22.981

| Record_driver = {{flagicon|FRA}} Matthieu Vaxivière

| Record_car = Dallara T12

| Record_year = 2015

| Record_class = FR 3.5

| Layout2 = Bugatti Circuit (1989–2001)

| Length_km2 = 4.430

| Length_mi2 = 2.753

| Turns2 = 11

| Record_time2 = 1:33.210

| Record_driver2 = {{flagicon|FRA}} Philippe Gache

| Record_car2 = Lola T89/50

| Record_year2 = 1990

| Record_class2 = F3000

| Layout3 = Bugatti Circuit (1986–1988)

| Length_km3 = 4.240

| Length_mi3 = 2.635

| Turns3 = 11

| Record_time3 = 1:29.200

| Record_driver3 = {{flagicon|ITA|1946}} Emanuele Pirro

| Record_car3 = March 86B

| Record_year3 = 1986

| Record_class3 = F3000

| Layout4 = Bugatti Circuit (1965–1985)

| Length_km4 = 4.422

| Length_mi4 = 2.748

| Turns4 = 8

| Record_time4 = 1:36.620

| Record_driver4 = {{flagicon|FRA}} Pierre Petit

| Record_car4 = Martini MK31

| Record_year4 = 1981

| Record_class4 = F3

}}

Bugatti Circuit is a {{cvt|4.185|km|mi|abbr=on}} permanent race track located within Circuit des 24 Heures, constructed in 1965 and named after Ettore Bugatti. The circuit uses a part of the larger circuit and a separate, purpose-built section. The sections of track on the Bugatti Circuit that are on the Circuit des 24 Heures include the Ford Chicane at the end of the lap, the pit complex, and the straight where the Dunlop Tyres bridge is located. At this point in the overlapping section of the tracks there is a left-right sweep that was added for motorcycle safety in 2002. Vehicles turning to the left continue onto the Circuit des 24 Heures, toward Tertre Rouge and Mulsanne, vehicles turning to the right at La Chapelle will continue the Bugatti Circuit. The infield section features Garage Vert, a back straight, the 'S' du Garage Bleu, and Raccordement, which joins back at the Ford chicane.

The track was home base for Pescarolo Sport, founded by famous French driver Henri Pescarolo. The circuit currently hosts the 24 Hours of Le Mans motorcycle race, and a round of the MotoGP Championship. The circuit also holds French motor club races and in the past has hosted rounds of the International Formula 3000 Championship and DTM (German Touring Car series).

In addition to motor racing, it is the venue for the [http://www.24rollers.com 24 rollers], a 24h race on inline skates or quads.

The Bugatti Circuit was used for the 1967 French Grand Prix, though it would prove to be the only time the Formula One World Championship would use the circuit, and is the current host of the French motorcycle Grand Prix. It also forms the final round of the FIA European Truck Racing Championship, and was part of the World Series by Renault and 1988 Superbike World Championship seasons.

As of May 2025, the fastest official race lap records at the Bugatti Circuit are listed as:

File:Circuit Le Mans Bugatti.png|Bugatti Circuit (1965–1985)

File:Bugatti Circuit 1991-1996.png|Bugatti Circuit (1989–1996)

File:Bugatti Circuit.svg|Bugatti Circuit (2002–present)

File:Circuit Bugatti - Le Mans.jpg|Layout evolution of Bugatti circuit from 1965 to 2008

; Current

• March: {{ill|French Superbike Championship|fr|Championnat de France Superbike}}
• April: FIM Endurance World Championship 24 Heures Motos, Sidecar World Championship
• May: Grand Prix motorcycle racing French motorcycle Grand Prix, MotoE World Championship French eRace, Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup
• June: FIA World Endurance Championship 24 Hours of Le Mans, Le Mans Cup, Ligier European Series
• July: Le Mans Classic
• September: European Truck Racing Championship {{ill|24 Heures Camions|fr}}, French F4 Championship, Fun Cup France, British Truck Racing Championship

; Former

• Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (2006, 2008)
• EuroBOSS Series (2002–2004)
• Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 (1995, 1998, 2005–2006, 2008–2009, 2015)
• Eurocup Mégane Trophy (2005–2006, 2008–2009)
• Ferrari Challenge Europe (2011, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2023)
• Ferrari Challenge North America (2023)
• FIM CEV Moto3 Junior World Championship (2014–2019)
• FFSA GT Championship (1998–1999, 2001–2006, 2012–2015)
• Formula 3 Euro Series (2003, 2006, 2008)
• Formula One
• French Grand Prix (1967)
• Formula Renault 2.0 West European Cup (1971–1972, 1975–2006, 2008–2009)
• Formula Renault 3.5 Series (2005–2006, 2008–2009, 2015)
• French Formula Three Championship (1966–1967, 1980–1981, 1986–2002)
• French Supertouring Championship (1976, 1978–1981, 1986, 1989–1994, 1998–2005)
• GP Explorer (2022–2023)
• Grand Prix motorcycle racing
• Vitesse du Mans motorcycle Grand Prix (1991)
• International Formula 3000 (1986–1991)
• International Sports Racing Series (1998)
• Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe (2024)
• NASCAR Euro Series (2009–2014)
• Porsche Carrera Cup Benelux (2017)
• Porsche Carrera Cup France (1987, 1989–2000, 2002–2005, 2010–2011, 2013–2017, 2020, 2023)
• Porsche Carrera Cup Germany (2000, 2006, 2020)
• Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain (2014, 2017)
• Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia (2023)
• Renault Sport Trophy (2015)
• Superbike World Championship (1988, 1990)

Météo France runs a weather station in Le Mans, which exhibits an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). With both the 24-hour races and the French MotoGP round being run before the peak of summer, high-profile races often have cool temperatures both in terms of ambient and track conditions with rainfall being a potential factor. Although nights cool off, sometimes into the single-digits, during the 24-hour car race, air frosts have never been recorded in June. The weather station is located at the local airport just a few hundred metres from the main grandstand and pit lane of the circuit.

{{Weather box

|location = Le Mans (1991–2020 averages)

|metric first = Y

|single line = Y

|Jan record high C = 17.2

|Feb record high C = 21.8

|Mar record high C = 25.6

|Apr record high C = 30.3

|May record high C = 32.4

|Jun record high C = 39.7

|Jul record high C = 41.1

|Aug record high C = 40.5

|Sep record high C = 35.0

|Oct record high C = 30.0

|Nov record high C = 22.2

|Dec record high C = 18.3

|year record high C = 41.1

|Jan avg record high C = 14.4

|Feb avg record high C = 16.2

|Mar avg record high C = 20.4

|Apr avg record high C = 24.8

|May avg record high C = 28.2

|Jun avg record high C = 32.4

|Jul avg record high C = 33.9

|Aug avg record high C = 34.0

|Sep avg record high C = 29.2

|Oct avg record high C = 23.5

|Nov avg record high C = 17.6

|Dec avg record high C = 14.3

|year avg record high C = 35.4

|Jan high C = 8.4

|Feb high C = 9.7

|Mar high C = 13.3

|Apr high C = 16.6

|May high C = 20.1

|Jun high C = 23.6

|Jul high C = 26.0

|Aug high C = 26.0

|Sep high C = 22.2

|Oct high C = 17.2

|Nov high C = 11.9

|Dec high C = 8.8

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 5.5

|Feb mean C = 5.9

|Mar mean C = 8.7

|Apr mean C = 11.3

|May mean C = 14.9

|Jun mean C = 18.2

|Jul mean C = 20.3

|Aug mean C = 20.1

|Sep mean C = 16.7

|Oct mean C = 13.0

|Nov mean C = 8.6

|Dec mean C = 5.9

|year mean C =

|Jan low C = 2.7

|Feb low C = 2.2

|Mar low C = 4.0

|Apr low C = 6.0

|May low C = 9.7

|Jun low C = 12.9

|Jul low C = 14.6

|Aug low C = 14.3

|Sep low C = 11.2

|Oct low C = 8.8

|Nov low C = 5.2

|Dec low C = 2.9

|year low C =

|Jan avg record low C = -6.1

|Feb avg record low C = -5.1

|Mar avg record low C = -3.0

|Apr avg record low C = -0.6

|May avg record low C = 2.7

|Jun avg record low C = 6.8

|Jul avg record low C = 8.8

|Aug avg record low C = 7.7

|Sep avg record low C = 4.5

|Oct avg record low C = 0.8

|Nov avg record low C = -2.8

|Dec avg record low C = -5.2

|year avg record low C = -8.0

|Jan record low C = -18.2

|Feb record low C = -17.0

|Mar record low C = -11.3

|Apr record low C = -4.9

|May record low C = -3.7

|Jun record low C = 1.6

|Jul record low C = 3.9

|Aug record low C = 3.2

|Sep record low C = -0.5

|Oct record low C = -5.4

|Nov record low C = -12.0

|Dec record low C = -21.0

|year record low C = -21.0

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 65.9

|Feb precipitation mm = 49.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 52.2

|Apr precipitation mm = 51.1

|May precipitation mm = 63.2

|Jun precipitation mm = 55.1

|Jul precipitation mm = 49.4

|Aug precipitation mm = 49.0

|Sep precipitation mm = 50.8

|Oct precipitation mm = 65.5

|Nov precipitation mm = 67.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 75.0

|year precipitation mm =

|Jan precipitation days = 11.0

|Feb precipitation days = 9.6

|Mar precipitation days = 9.4

|Apr precipitation days = 9.0

|May precipitation days = 9.5

|Jun precipitation days = 7.9

|Jul precipitation days = 7.3

|Aug precipitation days = 7.1

|Sep precipitation days = 7.7

|Oct precipitation days = 10.6

|Nov precipitation days = 11.3

|Dec precipitation days = 11.6

|year precipitation days =

|Jan humidity = 87

|Feb humidity = 83

|Mar humidity = 78

|Apr humidity = 74

|May humidity = 75

|Jun humidity = 73

|Jul humidity = 72

|Aug humidity = 74

|Sep humidity = 79

|Oct humidity = 86

|Nov humidity = 88

|Dec humidity = 88

|year humidity = 79.8

|Jan sun = 65

|Feb sun = 94

|Mar sun = 139

|Apr sun = 180

|May sun = 207

|Jun sun = 221

|Jul sun = 233

|Aug sun = 226

|Sep sun = 185

|Oct sun = 118

|Nov sun = 75

|Dec sun = 67

|year sun =

|source 1 = Meteo France{{cite web

| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_72181001.pdf

| title = Données climatiques de la station de Le Mans

| publisher = Meteo France

| language = fr

| access-date = 10 September 2023

}}

|source 2 = Infoclimat (humidity 1961–1990){{cite web

| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07235-le-mans-arnage.html

| title = Normes et records 1961–1990: Le Mans – Arnage (72) – altitude 51m

| language = fr

| publisher = Infoclimat

| access-date = 9 January 2016}}

}}

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{citation|last=Fuller |first=Michael J. |year=2010 |title=Mulsanne's Corner: Maximum Speeds at Le Mans, 1961-1989 |website=Mulsanne's Corner, technical analysis of contemporary sports prototype racing cars |url=http://www.mulsannescorner.com/maxspeed.html }}
• {{citation |author=RC staff |year=2015 |title=Le Mans |website=RacingCircuits.info |url=http://www.racingcircuits.info/europe/france/le-mans/ |access-date=2015-04-11 |archive-date=2016-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208092545/http://www.racingcircuits.info/europe/france/le-mans |url-status=dead }}
• {{citation | author=Speedhunters staff |date=13 June 2008 |title=Temple Of Speed>> The Mulsanne Straight | website=Speedhunters |url=http://www.speedhunters.com/2008/06/temples_of_speed_gt_gt_the_mulsanne_straight/ }}

{{Commons category|Circuit de la Sarthe}}

• [http://www.24h-lemans.com/en Official website]
• [http://www.racingcircuits.info/europe/france/le-mans/ RacingCircuits.info's history of Circuit de la Sarthe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208092545/http://www.racingcircuits.info/europe/france/le-mans |date=2016-12-08 }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070228160311/http://www.trackpedia.com/wiki/Le_Mans_Circuit_des_24_Heures Trackpedia's guide to driving Le Mans]
• [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Le+Mans,+France&om=1&ie=UTF8&z=15&ll=47.953547,0.211058&spn=0.012158,0.043259&t=k Satellite Picture by Google Maps]
• [http://www.virtua-lm.com/lemans/history.php History and track maps 1921–2006]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090129061034/http://trackpedia.com/wiki/Le_Mans_Bugatti Trackpedia's guide to Le Mans Bugatti]
• [https://archive.today/20130204142657/http://trackreviewers.com/reviews/le-mans/ Track Reviewers reviews of Le Mans]

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