Haryana#Culture

Anthropologists came up with the view that Haryana was known by this name because in the post-Mahabharata period, the Ābhiras lived here,{{cite book |last=Lal |first=Muni |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cgCAAAAMAAJ&q=abhiras |title=Haryana: On High Road to Prosperity |date=1974 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=978-0-7069-0290-7 }} who developed special skills in the art of agriculture.{{cite book|last=Punia|first=Bijender K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7d3rX5jr1WQC&dq=abhira+name+haryana&pg=PA18|title=Tourism Management: Problems and Prospects|date=1994|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-643-5|language=en}} According to Pran Nath Chopra, Haryana evolved as a word from Ābhirāyana (from ābhira and ayana "path, way") to Ahirāyana to Hariyānā (Haryana).{{cite book|last=Chopra|first=Pran Nath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggtuAAAAMAAJ&q=Abhirayana%3DAhirayana%3DHirayana%3D|title=Religions and Communities of India|date=1982|publisher=Vision Books|isbn=978-0-391-02748-0|language=en}}

{{Main|History of Haryana|List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana|List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana|label 1 = History of Haryana|label 2 = National monuments in Haryana|label 3 = State monuments in Haryana}}

{{Main|Indus Valley Civilization|Vedic Civilization}}

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| image1 = Skeleton harappa.JPG

| caption1 = A skeleton from an Indus Valley civilisation site near Rakhigarhi. The skeleton is on display in the National Museum.

| image2 = Kurukshetra.jpg

| caption2 = Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra, which is a war described in the Indian epic poem Mahābhārata. The conflict arose from a dynastic succession struggle between two groups of cousins, the Kauravas and Pandavas, for the throne of Hastinapura in an Indian kingdom called Kuru.

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The villages of Rakhigarhi in Hisar district and Bhirrana in Fatehabad district are home to ancient sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, which contain evidence of paved roads, a drainage system, a large-scale rainwater collection storage system, terracotta brick and statue production, and skilled metalworking (in both bronze and precious metals).{{citation |url=http://thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/rakhigarhi-the-biggest-harappan-site/article5840414.ece |title=Rakhigarhi, the biggest Harappan site |newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 March 2014 |access-date=24 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127171505/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/rakhigarhi-the-biggest-harappan-site/article5840414.ece |archive-date=27 November 2016 |url-status=live |last1=Subramanian |first1=T. S. }}

During the Vedic era, Haryana was the site of the Kuru Kingdom, one of India's great Mahajanapadas. The south of Haryana is the claimed location of Manu's state of Brahmavarta.{{cite web|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Haryana Plus|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111220/harplus.htm|website=The Tribune|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031143942/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111220/harplus.htm|archive-date=31 October 2016|url-status=live}}{{Better source needed|date=October 2019}} The area surrounding Dhosi Hill, and districts of Rewari and Mahendragarh had Ashrams of several Rishis who made valuable contributions to important Hindu scriptures like Vedas, Upanishads, Manusmriti, Brahmanas and Puranas.Sudhir Bhargava, "Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river" Seminar, Saraswati river-a perspective, 20–22 Nov 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organized by Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana, Seminar Report: pages 114–117 As per Manusmriti,{{cite book |chapter=Mlecchas, Yavanas and Heathens: Interacting Xenologies in Early Nineteenth-Century Calcutta |first=Dermot |last=Killingley |title=Beyond Orientalism: The Work of Wilhelm Halbfass and Its Impact on Indian and Cross-cultural Studies |editor1-first=Eli |editor1-last=Franco |editor2-first=Karin |editor2-last=Preisendanz |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=2007 |isbn=978-8-12083-110-0 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tv-4tyO9u_QC&pg=PA125 |page=125}} Manu was the king of Brahmavarta, the flood time state 10,000 years ago surrounded by oldest route of Sarasvati and Drishadwati rivers on the banks of which Sanatan-Vedic or present-day Hindu ethos evolved and scriptures were composed.

Ancient bronze and stone idols of Jain Tirthankara were found in archaeological expeditions in Badli, Bhiwani (Ranila, Charkhi Dadri and Badhra), Dadri, Gurgaon (Gurugram), Hansi, Hisar, Kasan, Nahad, Narnaul, Pehowa, Rewari, Rohad, Rohtak (Asthal Bohar) and Sonepat in Haryana.{{sfn|Atul Kumar Sinha|Abhay Kumar Singh|2007|p=401}}

File:Harsha Ka Tila.jpg complex, with ruins from the reign of 7th-century ruler Harsha.]]

Pushyabhuti dynasty ruled parts of northern India in the 7th century with its capital at Thanesar. Harsha was a prominent king of the dynasty. Tomara dynasty ruled the south Haryana region in the 10th century. Anangpal Tomar was a prominent king among the Tomaras.{{cite web|date=22 March 2021|title=Explained: The legacy of Tomar king Anangpal II and his connection with Delhi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tomar-king-anangpal-ii-legacy-delhi-7237182/|access-date=6 May 2021|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413220940/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/tomar-king-anangpal-ii-legacy-delhi-7237182/|url-status=live}}

After the sack of Bhatner fort during the Timurid conquests of India in 1398, Timur attacked and sacked the cities of Sirsa, Fatehabad, Sunam, Kaithal and Panipat.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9Q6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA497|title=The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period: Ed. from the Posthumous Papers of the Late Sir H. M. Elliot ..|last1=Elliot|first1=Sir Henry Miers|last2=Dowson|first2=John|date=1871|publisher=Trübner and Company|pages=427–31}}{{cite book|title=Haryana, Ancient and Medieval|last=Phadke|first=H.A.|date=1990|publisher=Harman Publishing House|page=123}}

File:Maharaja Hemu Bhargava - Victor of Twenty Two Pitched Battles, 1910s.jpg, who fought and won across North India from the Punjab to Bengal, winning 22 straight battles.{{sfn|Sarkar|1960|p=66}}]]

Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called Hemu, claimed royal status and the throne of Delhi after defeating Akbar's Mughal forces on 7 October 1556 in the Battle of Delhi, and assumed the ancient title of Vikramaditya. The area that is now Haryana has been ruled by some of the major empires of India. Panipat is known for three seminal battles in the history of India. In the First Battle of Panipat (1526), Babur defeated the Lodis. In the Second Battle of Panipat (1556), Akbar defeated the local Haryanvi Hindu Emperor of Delhi, who belonged to Rewari. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya had earlier won 22 battles across India from 1553 to 1556 from Punjab to Bengal, defeating the Mughals and Afghans. Hemu had defeated Akbar's forces twice at Agra and the Battle of Delhi in 1556 to become the last Hindu Emperor of India with a formal coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556. In the Third Battle of Panipat (1761), the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas.{{cite book |author1=Arnold P. Kaminsky |author2=Roger D. Long |title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA300 |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-37462-3 |page=300 |access-date=13 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619120748/https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA300 |archive-date=19 June 2016 |url-status=live }}

The state was part of the British Punjab province. The Delhi division of Punjab province formed the bulk of Haryana. Among the princely states that were located in the state were Jind, Kalsia, Loharu, Dujana and Pataudi, as well as parts of the Patiala State.

During the Partition of India, the Punjab province was one of two British Indian provinces, alongside Bengal, to be partitioned between India and Pakistan. Haryana, along with other Hindu and Sikh-dominated areas of Punjab province, became part of India as East Punjab state. As a result, a significant number of Muslims left for the newly formed country of Pakistan. Similarly, a huge number of Hindu and Sikh refugees poured into the state from West Punjab. Gopi Chand Bhargava, who hailed from Sirsa in present-day Haryana, became the first Chief Minister of East Punjab.

{{Main|Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966}}

Haryana as a state came into existence on 1 November 1966 the Punjab Reorganisation Act (1966). The Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing state of Punjab and determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after consideration of the languages spoken by the people. It encompassed the predominantly Hindi-speaking southern part of former Punjab, while the state of Punjab was reduced to the area where Punjabi speakers formed the majority population. The commission delivered its report on 31 May 1966 whereby the then-districts of Hisar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the tehsils of Jind and Narwana in the Sangrur district – along with Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhri – were to be included.{{citation|title=the punjab reorganisation act, 1966 - Chief Secretary, Haryana|url=http://csharyana.gov.in/WriteReadData/Acts/Re-Organisation/1474.pdf|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081746/http://csharyana.gov.in/WriteReadData/Acts/Re-Organisation/1474.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}

The commission recommended that the tehsil of Kharar, which includes Chandigarh, the state capital of Punjab, should be a part of Haryana. However, Kharar was given to Punjab.{{citation|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/History/history_1966-.htm |title=History of Haryana - Haryana Day: A new state is born! |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002001513/http://haryana-online.com/History/history_1966-.htm |archive-date=2 October 2013 }} The city of Chandigarh was made a union territory, serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana.{{citation|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/haryana-will-get-chandigarh-punjab-can-claim-lahore-or-shimla-says-peeved-hooda/1/296302.html|title=Haryana will get Chandigarh, Punjab can claim Lahore or Shimla, says a peeved Hooda|date=25 July 2013|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024604/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/haryana-will-get-chandigarh-punjab-can-claim-lahore-or-shimla-says-peeved-hooda/1/296302.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}

Bhagwat Dayal Sharma became the first Chief Minister of Haryana.{{citation |title=List of Haryana Chief Ministers from November 1, 1966 till date |date=21 October 2014 |work=The Indian Express |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/list-of-haryana-chief-ministers-from-november-1-1966-till-date |access-date=12 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030051508/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/list-of-haryana-chief-ministers-from-november-1-1966-till-date/ |archive-date=30 October 2015 |url-status=live}} Chaudhary Devi Lal is credited to be the individual who pushed for the creation of this commission. He was an instrumental figure in the separation of the Haryana state from Punjab in 1966.{{Cite web |title=Chaudhary Devi Lal {{!}} Indian Politician & Freedom Fighter {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chaudhary-Devi-Lal |access-date=6 August 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}

{{historical populations

|7=1881|8=40,15,386

|9=1891|10=41,71,339

|11=1901|12=42,68,222

|13=1911|14=38,70,574

|15=1921|16=42,11,393

|17=1931|18=44,95,730

|19=1941|20=51,66,169

|21=1951|22=56,73,597

|23=1961|24=75,90,524

|25=1971|26=1,00,36,431

|27=1981|28=1,29,22,119

|29=1991|30=1,64,63,648

|31=2001|32=2,11,44,564

|33=2011|34=2,53,51,462

|percentages=pagr

|footnote=source:

{{efn|name=Haryana1881}}{{efn|name=Haryana1891}}{{efn|name=Haryana1901}}{{efn|name=Haryana1911}}{{efn|name=Haryana1921}}{{efn|name=Haryana1931}}{{efn|name=Haryana1941}}{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-date=8 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131957/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|url-status=live}}

|align=right}}

{{See also|List of people from Haryana}}

File:Punjab 1909.jpg; Haryana formed the southeastern areas of the province|left|329x329px]]

As per 2019 estimates, the caste wise composition of Haryana is 25-30% Jats, 21% Scheduled Caste, 8% Punjabis, 7.5% Brahmins, 5.1% Ahir/Yadav, 5% Vaish, 4% Jat Sikhs, 3.8% Meos and other Muslims, 3.4% Rajputs, 3.4% Gujjar, 2.9% Saini, 2.7% Kumhars, 1.1% Ror and 0.7% Bishnois.{{cite news |last1=Rao |first1=Hitender |date=5 October 2019 |title=Haryana Assembly Elections 2019: BJP, Congress field fewer Jats for 2019 polls |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/haryana/haryana-assembly-elections-2019-bjp-congress-field-fewer-jats-for-2019-polls/story-cihkwx35EiM78nszZ9bg5M.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=18 September 2024}}{{Cite news |last=Sura |first=Ajay |date=25 September 2019 |title=27% of population, Jats chief minister 62% of time in Haryana's history |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/27-of-population-jats-have-occupied-top-chair-62-of-time-since-states-formation/articleshow/71285092.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |access-date=18 September 2024}}{{cite book |last1=Ruth-Lovell |first1=Saskia |last2=Spirova |first2=Maria |title=Clientelism and Democratic Representation in Comparative Perspective |date=15 October 2019 |publisher=ECPR Press |isbn=978-1-78552-301-4 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Clientelism_and_Democratic_Representatio/2EQhEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=haryana1&dq=jat |language=en}}

[[File:Language Map of Haryana (2011 Census).svg|left|200px|thumb|Languages spoken by district

Hindi

{{legend|#ffe0d1|30-40%}}

{{legend|#ffcfb8|40-50%}}

{{legend|#ffac85|50-60%}}

{{legend|#ffac85|50-60%}}

{{legend|#ff8952|60-70%}}

{{legend|#ff661f|70-80%}}

{{legend|#eb5600|80-90%}}

Haryanvi

{{legend|#f0817f|40–50%}}

{{legend|#ea443e|60–70%}}

{{legend|#e02119|70-80%}}

{{legend|#cc1e14|80-90%}}

{{legend|#aa1a13|90–100%}}

Punjabi

{{legend|#fde791|40-50%}}

]]

{{Pie chart| thumb = right| caption = Languages of Haryana (2011){{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX |title=Indian Census 2011 |access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=12 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112015624/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0600.XLSX |url-status=live }}

|label1=Hindi |value1=47.96 |color1=Orange

|label2=Haryanvi |value2=37.17 |color2=Red

|label3=Punjabi |value3=7.36 |color3=Pink

|label4=Bagri |value4=2.11 |color4=maroon

|label5=Mewati |value5=1.66 |color5=gold

|label6=Urdu |value6=1.48 |color6=Green

|value7=1.28 |color7=purple

|label7=Baghati

|other=yes}}

The official language of Haryana is Hindi.{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=4 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2016 |url-status=dead| page = 11}}

Several regional languages or dialects, often subsumed under Hindi, are spoken in the state. Predominant among them is Haryanvi (also known as Bangru), whose territory encompasses the central and eastern portions of Haryana. Hindi and Punjabi is spoken in the northeast, Bagri in the west, Deshwali in the East and Ahirwati, Mewati and Braj Bhasha in the south.{{cite book|title=Hariyāṇā kī upabhāṣāeṃ|date=c. 1979|editor-last=Sharada|editor-first=Sadhu Ram|place=Chandigarh|publisher=Bhasha Vibhag|language=hi}}

There are also significant numbers of speakers of Urdu and Punjabi, the latter of which was recognised as the second official language of Haryana for government and administrative purposes in 2010.{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |title=Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi |work=Hindustan Times |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=28 January 2010 |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105012411/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haryana-grants-second-language-status-to-punjabi/story-MTUeEQDE4fRCbEyPkAm63N.html |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live }} After the state's formation, Telugu was made the state's "second language" – to be taught in schools – but it was not the "second official language" for official communication. Due to a lack of students, the language ultimately stopped being taught.{{cite news |last1=Bhatia |first1=Varinder |title=Haryana's South connect: When it made Telugu second language in school |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/haryanas-south-connect-when-it-made-telugu-second-language-in-school-5570917/ |access-date=18 March 2020 |work=The Indian Express |date=6 February 2019 |archive-date=5 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505184601/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/haryanas-south-connect-when-it-made-telugu-second-language-in-school-5570917/ |url-status=live }} Tamil was made the second language in 1969 by Bansi Lal to show the state's differences with Punjab although there were no Tamil speakers in Haryana at the time.{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-punjabi-edges-out-tamil-in-haryana-1356124|title=Punjabi edges out Tamil in Haryana|first=Ajay|last=Bharadwaj|date=7 March 2010|website=DNA India|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108134854/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-punjabi-edges-out-tamil-in-haryana-1356124|url-status=live}} In 2010, due to the lack of Tamil speakers, the language was removed from its status.

There are also some speakers of several major regional languages of neighbouring states or other parts of the subcontinent, like Bengali, Bhojpuri, Marwari, Mewari, and Nepali,Bengali and Bhojpuri are listed as they have more than 50,000 speakers each according to the 2011 census; the rest are included following Ethnologue (22nd edition). as well as smaller communities of speakers of languages that are dispersed across larger regions, like Bauria, Bazigar, Gujari, Gade Lohar, Oadki, and Sansi.{{cite web|editor-last1 = Eberhard| editor-first1 = David M.| editor-last2 = Simons| editor-first2 = Gary F.| editor-last3 = Fennig| editor-first3 = Charles D.| year=2019|title=India – Languages|edition=22nd|website = Ethnologue|publisher=SIL International|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN/languages | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190401120331/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN/languages | archive-date = 1 April 2019}}

{{Pie chart

|thumb = right

|caption = Religion in Haryana (2011){{cite web|title=Population by religion community - 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}

|label1 = Hinduism

|value1 = 87.46

|color1 = Orange

|label2 = Islam

|value2 = 7.03

|color2 = Green

|label3 = Sikhism

|value3 = 4.91

|color3 = Darkkhaki

|label4 = Jainism

|value4 = 0.21

|color4 = Pink

|label5 = Christianity

|value5 = 0.20

|color5 = Blue

|label6 = Buddhism

|value6 = 0.03

|color6 = Gold

|label7 = Others

|value7 = 0.18

|color7 = Black

}}

According to the 2011 census, of the total population of 25,351,462 in Haryana, Hindus (87.46%) constitute the majority of the state's population with Muslims (7.03%) (mainly Meos) and Sikhs (4.91%) being the largest minorities.

Muslims are mainly found in the Nuh district. Haryana has the second largest Sikh population in India after Punjab, and they mostly live in the districts adjoining Punjab, such as Sirsa, Jind, Fatehabad, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Ambala and Panchkula.{{cite news|title=Haryana government announced the formation of rules to register Anand Karaj, the Sikh marriage ceremony|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-notifies-anand-marriage-registration-rules.html|access-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715040119/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/chandigarh/haryana-notifies-anand-marriage-registration-rules.html|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=live}}{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf | title=Census India 2001 | year=2001 | access-date=28 March 2013 | author=Govt. of India, Census | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113213432/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/dh_sc_haryana.pdf | archive-date=13 November 2011 | url-status=live}}

{{Main|Music of Haryana}}

Haryana has its own unique traditional folk music, folk dances, saang (folk theatre),Sachchidananda Encyclopaedic Profile of Indian Tribes Volume 1 - 1996 817141298X p416. cinema,{{cite news|last=Bhatia|first=Sheveta|title=Second Innings|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/second-innings/661605/|access-date=17 March 2011|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=17 August 2010|archive-date=24 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220013/https://indianexpress.com/news/second-innings/661605/|url-status=live}} belief system such as Jathera (ancestral worship),{{cite web|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|title=Journal of Punjab Studies - Center for Sikh and Punjab Studies - UC Santa Barbara|website=global.ucsb.edu|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213237/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}A Glossary of the tribes & castes of Punjab by H. A Rose and arts such as Phulkari and Shisha embroidery.

Folk music and dances of Haryana are based on satisfying the cultural needs of primarily agrarian and martial natures of Haryanavi tribes.

Haryanvi musical folk theatre's main types are Saang, Raslila and Ragini. The Saang and Ragini form of theatre was popularised by Lakhmi Chand.Manorma Sharma, 2007, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8131300463 Musical Heritage of India], Page 65-125.

Haryanvi folk dances and music have fast energetic movements. Three popular categories of dance are festive-seasonal, devotional, and ceremonial-recreational. The festive-seasonal dances and songs are Gogaji/Gugga, Holi, Phaag, Sawan, Teej. The devotional dances and songs are Chaupaiya, Holi, Manjira, Ras Leela, Raginis). The ceremonial-recreational dances and songs are of following types: legendary bravery (Kissa and Ragini of male warriors and female Satis), love and romance (Been and its variant Nāginī dance, and Ragini), ceremonial (Dhamal Dance, Ghoomar, Jhoomar (male), Khoria, Loor, and Ragini).

Haryanvi folk music is based on day-to-day themes and injecting earthly humour enlivens the feel of the songs. Haryanvi music takes two main forms: "Classical folk music" and "Desi Folk music" (Country Music of Haryana), and sung in the form of ballads and love, valor and bravery, harvest, happiness and pangs of the parting of lovers.S. C. Bhatt and Gopal K. Bhargava, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8178353652 Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: 21 Arts and Crafts of Haryana].S. Gajrani, 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=818205060X History, Religion and Culture of India], Volume 1, Page 96.

Classical Haryanvi folk music is based on Indian classical music. Hindustani classical ragas, learnt in gharana parampara of guru–shishya tradition, are used to sing songs of heroic bravery (such as Alha-Khand (1163–1202 CE) about the bravery of Alha and Udal, Jaimal and Patta of Maharana Udai Singh II), Brahmas worship and festive seasonal songs (such as Teej, Holi and Phaag songs of Phalgun month near Holi). Bravery songs are sung in high pitch.

Desi Haryanvi folk music, is a form of Haryanvi music, based on Raag Bhairvi, Raag Bhairav, Raag Kafi, Raag Jaijaivanti, Raag Jhinjhoti and Raag Pahadi and used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs, ballads, ceremonial songs (wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such as Puran Bhagat. Relationship and songs celebrating love and life are sung in medium pitch. Ceremonial and religious songs are sung in low pitch. Young girls and women usually sing entertaining and fast seasonal, love, relationship and friendship-related songs such as Phagan (song for eponymous season/month), Katak (songs for the eponymous season/month), Samman (songs for the eponymous season/month), {{lang|bgc-Latn|bande-bandi}} (male-female duet songs), {{lang|bgc-Latn|sathne}} (songs of sharing heartfelt feelings among female friends). Older women usually sing devotional Mangal Geet (auspicious songs) and ceremonial songs such as Bhajan, Bhat (wedding gift to the mother of bride or groom by her brother), Sagai, Ban (Hindu wedding ritual where pre-wedding festivities starts), Kuan-Poojan (a custom that is performed to welcome the birth of a child by worshiping the well or source of drinking water), Sanjhi and Holi festival.

Music and dance for Haryanvi people is a way of lessening societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events, ceremonies and special occasions regardless of their caste or status. These inter-caste songs are fluid in nature, and never personalised for any specific caste, and they are sung collectively by women from different strata, castes, and dialects. These songs transform fluidly in dialect, style, words, etc. This adoptive style can be seen in the adoption of tunes of Bollywood movie songs into Haryanvi songs. Despite this continuous fluid transforming nature, Haryanvi songs have a distinct style of their own as explained above.

With the coming up of a strongly socio-economic metropolitan culture in the emergence of urban Gurgaon Haryana is also witnessing community participation in public arts and city beautification. Several landmarks across Gurgaon are decorated with public murals and graffiti with cultural cohesive ideologies and stand the testimony of a lived sentiment in Haryana folk.{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Artists-give-Gurgaons-walls-a-makeover/articleshow/51552667.cms|title=Artists give Gurgaon's walls a makeover|date=25 March 2016|first=Pratyush|last=Patra|website=The Times of India|access-date=6 November 2019|archive-date=9 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209170004/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Artists-give-Gurgaons-walls-a-makeover/articleshow/51552667.cms|url-status=live}}

{{see also|Cuisine of Haryana}}

As per a survey, 13% of males and 7.8% of females of Haryana are non-vegetarian.{{cite news |date=22 May 2018 |title=Most Indians are non-vegetarian, Southern and Northeastern states top the list: Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/most-indians-nonvegetarian-southern-northeastern-states-top-list-report/story/277456.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927040402/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/most-indians-nonvegetarian-southern-northeastern-states-top-list-report/story/277456.html |archive-date=27 September 2020 |access-date=12 August 2020 |work=Business Today}} The cuisine of Haryana, rooted in its predominantly agricultural society, has maintained a simple and uncomplicated essence.{{Cite web |last=Corporation |first=Haryana Tourism |title=Cuisine of Haryana {{!}} About us {{!}} Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited. |url=https://haryanatourism.gov.in/cuisine-of-haryana |access-date=3 April 2024 |website=haryanatourism.gov.in |language=en-IN |archive-date=10 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210183724/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/cuisine-of-haryana |url-status=live }} The regional cuisine features the staples of roti, saag, vegetarian sabzi and milk products such as ghee, milk, lassi and kheer.[http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5491 Cuisine of Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204223020/http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5491|date=4 December 2017}}, Haryana Tourism. Haryana is often referred to as the 'Land of Rotis' due to its residents' fondness for various types of rotis. Wheat rotis are ubiquitous, along with the popular baajre ki roti. In the past, rotis were commonly made from a blend of wheat, gram, and barley flour, offering a nutritious and wholesome combination. Another notable variety is the gochini atta, crafted from wheat and gram flour.{{Cite web |last=Corporation |first=Haryana Tourism |title=Cuisine of Haryana {{!}} About us {{!}} Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited. |url=https://haryanatourism.gov.in/cuisine-of-haryana |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=haryanatourism.gov.in |language=en-IN |archive-date=10 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210183724/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/cuisine-of-haryana |url-status=live }} Haryana is renowned for its abundant livestock, including the famed Murrah buffalo and the Haryana cow. This cattle wealth ensures a plentiful supply of milk and dairy products in Haryanvi cuisine. Many households produce their own butter and ghee, which are generously incorporated into daily meals. Fresh homemade butter, known as "nooni" or "tindi ghee," is commonly churned on a daily basis. When a girl becomes a mother, it's customary for her family to present her with gifts of ghee, edible gum (gondh), laddus (sweetmeats made from gram flour), and dry fruits. Buttermilk, known as "chaaj," is a popular beverage and serves as an instant refresher during the summer months. Lassi, made from yogurt, is another beloved drink that can almost constitute a meal in itself. The Haryanvi fondness for lassi is evident in the fact that "thandai," a sweet milk-based drink, is referred to as "kachi lassi" in Haryana.

Haryanvi people have a concept of inclusive society involving the "36 Jātis" or communities. Castes such as Jat, Rajput, Gurjar, Saini, Pasi, Ahirs, Ror, Meo, Charan, Bishnoi, Harijan, Aggarwal, Brahmin, Khatri and Tyagi are some of the notable of these 36 Jātis.{{cite book |last1=Sāṅgavāna |first1=Guṇapālasiṃha |title=Harayāṇavī lokagītoṃ kā sāṃskr̥tika adhyayana |date=1989 |publisher=Hariyāṇā Sāhitya Akādamī |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubI3AAAAIAAJ|language=hi}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2017/IJRSS_NOVEMBER2017/IJMRA-12670.pdf|title=Social study the KhapPanchayats of Haryana: A Survey, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue 11|publisher=Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell's Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A|access-date=31 December 2019|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731122151/https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2017/IJRSS_NOVEMBER2017/IJMRA-12670.pdf|url-status=live}}

File:Mustard field near Chandigarh.jpg in Haryana, near the state capital of Chandigarh]]

Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude.{{sfn|NIDM|p=2}} The total geographical area of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the country. The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level.{{citation|title=Organizations|url=http://haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114182552/http://www.haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=dead}} Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%) area under forests. Karoh Peak, a {{convert|1467|m|ft|0|adj=on}} tall mountain peak in the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near Morni Hills area of Panchkula district, is the highest point in Haryana.{{cite web |title= Hills of Morni |url= http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni |publisher= hillsofmorni.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160314061747/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni/ |archive-date= 14 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 27 September 2014 }}{{cite web |title= Interesting Facts About Haryana |url= http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana/ |publisher= quickgs.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160312032245/http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana |archive-date= 12 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 7 May 2015 }}

{{cite peakbagger| name = Karoh Peak |pid=53260| access-date = 24 March 2016}}{{cite web | title= Gazetteer of India | url= https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | publisher= University of Chicago | access-date= 24 March 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160405214858/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | archive-date= 5 April 2016 | url-status=live}} Most of the state sits atop the fertile Ghaggar Plain, a subsection of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Haryana has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border – Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, and Chandigarh.

Haryana has four main geographical features.{{sfn|NIDM|p=3}}

• The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state is also called Delhi doab consists of Sutlej-Ghaggar doab (between Sutlej in the north of Punjab and the Ghaggar river flowing through northern Haryana), Ghaggar-Hakra doab (between Ghaggar river and Hakra or Drishadvati river which is the paleochannel of the holy Saraswati River) and Hakra-Yamuna doab (between Hakra river and Yamuna).
• The Lower Shivalik Hills to the northeast in foothills of Himalaya
• The Bagar region semi-desert dry sandy plain in north west of Haryana, covering northwest districts of Sirsa, western Fatehabad and northwestern Hisar.
• The Aravali Range's northernmost low rise isolated non-continuous outcrops in the south, covering the Nuh district.

File:YamunaRiver.jpg river near the Haryana Border]]

The Yamuna, a tributary of the Ganges, flows along the state's eastern boundary.{{citation|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/river-saraswati-is-for-real-found-in-haryana_1591937.html|title=River Saraswati is for real, found in Haryana|work=Zee Nees|date=8 May 2015|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120040149/http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/river-saraswati-is-for-real-found-in-haryana_1591937.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}

Northern Haryana has several northeast to west flowing rivers originating from the Sivalik Hills of Himalayas, such as Ghaggar (palaeochannel of vedic Sarasvati river),

{{cite book | title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5 | author1=Dale Hoiberg | author2=Indu Ramchandani | publisher=Popular Prakashan, 2000 | isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC | quote=... The Ghaggar River rises in the Shiwalik Range, northwestern Himachal Pradesh State, and flows about 320 km southwest through Haryana State, where it receives the Saraswati River. Beyond the Otu Barrage, the Ghaggar River is known as the Hakra River which loses itself in the Thar Desert. Just southwest of Sirsa it feeds two irrigation canals that extend into Rajasthan. ... | year=2000 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206083034/https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC | archive-date=6 December 2017 | url-status=live}}

Chautang (paleochannel of vedic Drishadvati river, tributary of the Ghagghar),{{cite web|url=http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala|title=Rivers in Ambala, Markanda River Ambala, Tangri River Ambala|website=ambalaonline.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165622/http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=dead}}{{cite news | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-tangri-inundate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/ | newspaper=The Indian Express | title=Overflowing Ghaggar, Tangri inundate some villages along Punjab-Haryana border | first=Sanjeev | last=Chopra | date=25 September 2010 | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628231143/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-tangri-inundate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/ | archive-date=28 June 2018 | url-status=live}} Tangri river (tributary of the Ghagghar), Kaushalya river (tributary of the Ghagghar),{{cite web|url=http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/|title=Kaushalya Dam|date=13 December 2012|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114024025/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/|archive-date=14 November 2017|url-status=live}} Markanda River (tributary of Ghagghar), Sarsuti, Dangri, Somb river.{{cite web|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm|title=HaryanaOnline - Geography of Haryana|access-date=4 December 2017|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm|archive-date=1 February 2016}} Haryana's main seasonal river, the Ghaggar-Hakra, known as Ghaggar before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage, rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the Satluj and enters the state near Pinjore in the Panchkula district, passes through Ambala and Sirsa, it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs for {{convert|460|km|abbr=on}} before disappearing into the deserts of Rajasthan.{{citation|url=http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/AtAGlance/Rivers/index.htm|title=Geography- others|publisher=District Administration, Kurukshetra|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502082953/http://kurukshetra.nic.in/AtAGlance/Rivers/index.htm|archive-date=2 May 2018|url-status=dead}} The seasonal Markanda River, known as the Aruna in ancient times, originates from the lower Shivalik Hills and enters Haryana west of Ambala, and swells into a raging torrent during monsoon is notorious for its devastating power, carries its surplus water on to the Sanisa Lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasuti and later the Ghaggar.

Southern Haryana has several south-west to east flowing seasonal rivulets originating from the Aravalli Range in and around the hills in Mewat region, including Sahibi River[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0391023586 Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, Vijai Shankar Śrivastava, 1981]. {{ISBN|0391023586}}{{cite web|url=http://www.indiamapped.in/revers-in-india/haryana/sahibi-river|title=Sahibi river|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201926/http://www.indiamapped.in/revers-in-india/haryana/sahibi-river|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PjJD61h8Q0C&q=sahibi+river&pg=PA41|title=River Pollution|first=A.K.|last=Jain|date=4 December 2017|publisher=APH Publishing|access-date=4 December 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9788131304631}}[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=812460049X Minerals and Metals in Ancient India: Archaeological evidence], Arun Kumar Biswas, Sulekha Biswas, University of Michigan. 1996. {{ISBN|812460049X}}. (called Najafgarh drain in Delhi),{{cite web|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=138509|title=Latest News, Breaking News Live, Current Headlines, India News Online - The Indian Express|website=The Indian Express|access-date=4 December 2017}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=118627 Environment Minister raises a stink over Najafgarh jheel]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, 22 February 2005, The Indian Express[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/najafgarh-basin-delhis-most-polluted-area/558870/ Najafgarh basin Delhi's most polluted area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119214020/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/najafgarh-basin-delhis-most-polluted-area/558870/ |date=19 January 2010 }}, 25 December 2009, The Indian Express[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/pollution/28101026_1_industrial-clusters-industrial-hubs-najafgarh-drain Najafgarh drain 11th among highly polluted industrial clusters] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120701125350/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/pollution/28101026_1_industrial-clusters-industrial-hubs-najafgarh-drain |date=1 July 2012 }}, 25 December 2009, The Times of India[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=191225Najafgarh drain causes less pollution in Yamuna now]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, 4 July 2006, The Indian Express Dohan river (tributary of Sahibi, originates at Mandoli village near Neem Ka Thana in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan and then disappears in Mahendragarh district), Krishnavati river (former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near Dariba and disappears in Mahendragarh district much before reaching Sahibi river) and Indori river (longest tributary of Sahibi River, originates in Sikar district of Rajasthan and flows to Rewari district of Haryana), these once were tributaries of the Drishadwati/Saraswati river.{{cite web|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm |title=Geography of Haryana - Map, Shivaliks, Ghaggar, Yamuna, Saraswati, Morni - India |work=haryana-online.com |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm |archive-date=1 February 2016 }}{{citation|title=Haryana to meet Rajasthan over stopping of river waters|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Haryana-to-meet-Rajasthan-over-stopping-of-river-waters/articleshow/45399754.cms|work=The Times of India|author=Siwach, Sukhbir|date=7 December 2014|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205134642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Haryana-to-meet-Rajasthan-over-stopping-of-river-waters/articleshow/45399754.cms|archive-date=5 February 2016|url-status=live}}Sudhir Bhargava,"Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati River is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati River", International Conference, 20–22 Nov 2009, "Saraswati-a perspective" pages 114–117, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Organised by: Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana.

File:Kaushalya Dam.jpg]]

Major canals are Western Yamuna Canal,{{cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Western_Yamuna_Canal_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI01653|title=Western Yamuna Canal Major Irrigation Project JI01653 -|website=india-wris.nrsc.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165614/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Western_Yamuna_Canal_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI01653|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207085128/http://india.gov.in/sectors/water_resources/sutlej_link.php|url-status=dead|title=National Portal of India|archive-date=7 February 2009|website=india.gov.in}}{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rmar2003/04032003/r040320035.html|title=PIB Press Releases|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301205001/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rmar2003/04032003/r040320035.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}} Sutlej Yamuna link canal (from Sutlej river tributary of Indus), and Indira Gandhi Canal.Ramtanu Maitra: The Indira Gandhi Canal: greening the desert in India EIR Volume 14, Number 7, 13 February 1987

Major dams are Kaushalya Dam in Panchkula district,{{cite web | url=http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/ | title=Kaushalya Dam | publisher=Hills of Morni | date=13 December 2012 | access-date=14 June 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523064947/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/ | archive-date=23 May 2014 | url-status=live}} Hathnikund Barrage{{cite web|last=Tak|first=Prakash C.|author2=Jagdish P. Sati|author3=Anjum N. Rizvi|title=Status of waterbirds at Hathnikund Barrage wetland, Yamunanagar District, Haryana, India|date=April 2010|volume=2|issue=4|pages=841|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv10841-844.pdf|access-date=10 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317104520/http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv10841-844.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2012}} and Tajewala Barrage on Yamuna in Yamunanagar district,{{cite book|last=Haberman|first=David L.|title=River of love in an age of pollution: the Yamuna River of northern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63uDsPPr48gC&pg=PA78|access-date=2 June 2011|year=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24789-5|page=78}} Pathrala barrage on Somb river in Yamunanagar district, ancient Anagpur Dam near Surajkund in Faridabad district,{{cite book |last=Peck |first=Lucy |title=Delhi - A thousand years of Building |page=29 |publisher=Roli Books Pvt Ltd. |location=New Delhi |year=2005 |isbn=81-7436-354-8 |url=https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm |access-date=5 September 2009 |quote=Suraj Kund dam and Surajkund tank: One of the two significant structures in the area, the dam lies about {{cvt|1|km|disp=sqbr}} to the north of the Anangpur village. A path from the main village street will lead you in to flat pastureland. Head for the small rocky hill ahead of you and climb over it. On the other side is another flat area, rather thickly covered in thorn trees. It is worth finding a way through them to the dam that straddles the gap between the two nearby hills. The dam is an impressive edifice {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} wide and {{convert|7|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} high built from accurately hewn quartzite blocks.---There is a passage for the egress of water at the level of the ground on the dammed side. The flat land across which you have walked is clearly caused by centuries of silt deposits in the lake that once existed behind this dam. The land around has been vwey heavily quarried recently, so further archaeological finds are unlikely. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060312215021/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm |archive-date=12 March 2006 |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=http://www.isprs.org/congresses/istanbul2004/comm5/papers/676.pdf|title=Spatial Data Modeling in GIS for Historical Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of Seven Cities of Delhi|author=Madan Mohan|access-date=7 September 2009|publisher=Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi, India|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426130611/https://www.isprs.org/congresses/istanbul2004/comm5/papers/676.pdf|url-status=dead}} and Ottu barrage on Ghaggar-Hakra River in Sirsa district.{{Citation | title=Imperial gazetteer of India | author=Sir William Wilson Hunter, India Office | publisher=Clarendon Press, 1908 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUAKAQAAIAAJ | quote=... It was agreed between the British Government and the State of Bikaner that the Dhanur lake, about 8 miles from Sirsa, should be converted into a reservoir by the construction of a masonry weir at Otu ... two canals, the northern and southern ... constructed with famine labor in 1896-7 ... 6.3 lakhs, of which 2.8 lakhs was debited to Bikaner ... | year=1908 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929213116/http://books.google.com/books?id=iUAKAQAAIAAJ | archive-date=29 September 2013 | url-status=live}}{{Citation | title=Tau here, Tau there, Tau everywhere | author=Mukesh Bhardwaj | date=7 April 2002 | access-date=28 November 2010 | newspaper=The Indian Express | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/449/ | quote=... The prestigious Panipat Thermal Plant was named after Devi Lal, as was the new tourist complex at Ottu weir in Sirsa ... | archive-date=24 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220014/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/tau-here-tau-there-tau-everywhere/ | url-status=live }}{{Citation | title=बस साल भर बाद खेतों की प्यास बुझाएगी ओटू झील (Ottu reservoir will begin quenching the thirst of fields in only a year) | date=27 May 2010 | access-date=28 November 2010 | newspaper=Dainik Jagran | url=http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/local/haryana/4_6_6421654.html | quote=... किसानों की समस्या से निजात दिलाने में सहायक ओटू झील की याद बरबस किसानों व सिंचाई विभाग को आना लाज़िमी है। सिंचाई विभाग ने किसानों के हित को ध्यान में रखते हुए झील की खुदाई की गति तेज़ कर दी है (it is obvious that the suffering farmers and the irrigation department would look to the Ottu reservoir. Mindful of the farmers' interests, the irrigation department has accelerated the work to deepen Ottu reservoir) ... | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726050310/http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/local/haryana/4_6_6421654.html | archive-date=26 July 2011 | url-status=dead }}

Major lakes are Dighal Wetland, Basai Wetland, Badkhal Lake in Faridabad,{{cite web|title=Badkhal |url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/badkhal.asp |publisher=Haryana Tourism, Government of Haryana |access-date=18 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302053727/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/badkhal.asp |archive-date=2 March 2014 }}

{{cite magazine| title = Delhi's water bodies face threat of extinction| magazine = India Today| url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-water-bodies-extinct-mcd-delhi-parks-and-lakes-society/1/346248.html| date = 1 March 2014| access-date = 18 March 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107153406/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-water-bodies-extinct-mcd-delhi-parks-and-lakes-society/1/346248.html| archive-date = 7 November 2017| url-status=live}}

holy Brahma Sarovar{{cite news|title=Lakhs take dip in Brahma Sarovar on Occasion of Solar Eclipse|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/29/lakhs-take-dip-in-brahma-sarovar-on-occasion-of-solar-eclipse-1143642694.html|access-date=25 October 2014|agency=United News of IndiaI|publisher=oneindia.in|date=29 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025190607/http://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/29/lakhs-take-dip-in-brahma-sarovar-on-occasion-of-solar-eclipse-1143642694.html|archive-date=25 October 2014|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last1=Dutt|first1=K.G.|title=Three hundred thousand take holy dip|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug23/head2.htm|access-date=25 October 2014|newspaper=The Tribune India|date=23 August 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025191427/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug23/head2.htm|archive-date=25 October 2014|url-status=live}} and Sannihit Sarovar in Kurukshetra,{{cite web | title = Religious Places in Kurukshetra - Brahma Sarovar | publisher = Kurukshetra district website | url = http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/010-brahmsarovar/index.htm#top | access-date = 8 August 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140729232051/http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/010-brahmsarovar/index.htm#top | archive-date = 29 July 2014 | url-status=dead}} Blue Bird Lake in Hisar,{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/vets-screen-geese-shut-hisar-s-bluebird-lake/21336.html|title=Title: The Tribune - Hisar Bluebird lake, Published 23 December 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2016|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821173905/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/vets-screen-geese-shut-hisar-s-bluebird-lake/21336.html|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/bluebird.asp|title=Blue Bird (Hisar)|date=11 October 2011|access-date=4 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011073014/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/bluebird.asp|archive-date=11 October 2011}} Damdama Lake at Sohna,[http://www.damdamalake.com Damdama lake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127151930/http://www.damdamalake.com/ |date=27 November 2018 }}, official website.Rajiv Tiwari, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FBRYCgAAQBAJ&dq=damdama+lake&pg=PT117 "Delhi A Travel Guide"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110551/https://books.google.com/books?id=FBRYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT117&dq=damdama+lake#v=onepage&q=damdama%20lake |date=27 November 2018 }}, {{ISBN|9798128819703}}. Hathni Kund in Yamunanagar district, Karna Lake at Karnal,Page 153, Tourism: Theory, Planning, and Practice, By K.K. Karma, Krishnan K. Kamra, Published 1997, Indus Publishing, {{ISBN|81-7387-073-X}} ancient Surajkund in Faridabad,{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Y.D |title=Delhi and its Neighbourhood |page=100 in 161 |access-date=5 September 2009 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |location=New Delhi |year=2001 |url=http://www.indiaclub.com/Shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780 |quote=Page 100: Suraj Kund lies about 3 km south-east of Tughlaqabad in district Gurgaon---The reservoir is believed to have been constructed in the tenth century by King Surjapal of Tomar dynasty, whose existence is based on Bardic tradition. Page 101: About 2 km south-west of Surajkund, close to the village of Anagpur (also called Arangpur is a dam ascribed to Anagpal of the Tomar Dynasty, who is also credited with building the Lal Kot |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050831215230/http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780 |archive-date=31 August 2005 }}{{cite web |url= http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_haryana_surajkund.asp |title= Ticketed Monuments – Haryana: Suraj Kund |access-date= 5 September 2009 |publisher= National Informatics Centre, Government of India |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091011023435/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_haryana_surajkund.asp |archive-date= 11 October 2009 |url-status=dead}} and Tilyar Lake in Rohtak.Page 149, India: A Travel Guide, By B.R. Kishore, published 2001, Diamond Pocket Books (P) Limited, {{ISBN|81-284-0067-3}}{{cite web|url=http://cza.nic.in/Status%20of%20Master%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf|title=List of zoos who have submitted their master plan|access-date=4 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054343/http://www.cza.nic.in/Status%20of%20Master%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}{{cite web|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|title=Protected Area|website=haryanaforest.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead}}

The Haryana State Waterbody Management Board is responsible for the rejuvenation of 14,000 johads of Haryana and up to 60 lakes in National Capital Region falling within the Haryana state.[http://indianexpress.com/article/chandigarh/haryana-to-develop-50-60-small-lakes-water-bodies-in-ncr-manohar-lal-khattar-4918316/ "Haryana to develop 50-60 small lakes, water bodies in NCR: Manohar Lal Khattar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107062251/http://indianexpress.com/article/chandigarh/haryana-to-develop-50-60-small-lakes-water-bodies-in-ncr-manohar-lal-khattar-4918316/ |date=7 November 2017 }}, Indian Express, 1 November 2017.[http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/haryana-to-constitute-pond-management-authority-117110101271_1.html "Haryana to constitute pond management authority "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003731/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/haryana-to-constitute-pond-management-authority-117110101271_1.html |date=7 November 2017 }}, Business Standard, 1 November 2017.

The only hot spring in Haryana is the Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring at Sohna in Gurgaon district.[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000218/haryana.htm#2 "Sohna Hot Spring."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104211236/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000218/haryana.htm#2 |date=4 November 2017 }}, The Tribune.{{cite web|url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5617&serviceid=39|title=Hotel Detail - Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited.|website=haryanatourism.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213152258/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5617&serviceid=39|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=live}} Tosham Hill range has several sacred sulphur ponds of religious significance that are revered for the healing impact of sulphur, such as Pandu Teerth Kund, Surya Kund, Kukkar Kund, Gyarasia Kund or Vyas Kund.2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=MvAdAQAAMAAJ&q=sulphur+tosham "Records, Volume 135, Part 1."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110452/https://books.google.com/books?id=MvAdAQAAMAAJ&q=sulphur+tosham&dq=sulphur+tosham |date=27 November 2018 }}, Geological Survey of India, Page 144.

Seasonal waterfalls include Tikkar Taal twin lakes at Morni hiills, Dhosi Hill in Mahendragarh district and Pali village on the outskirts of Faridabad.

Haryana is hot in summer at around {{convert|45|C}} and mild in winter. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest are December and January. The climate is arid to semi-arid with an average rainfall of 592.93 mm.{{Cite web |title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908011654/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |url-status=live }} Around 29% of rainfall is received during the months from July to September as a result of the monsoon, and the remaining rainfall is received during the period from December to February as a result of the western disturbance.{{citation|title=Home|url=http://agriharyana.nic.in|publisher=Department of Agriculture (Haryana)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023236/http://agriharyana.nic.in/|archive-date=17 November 2015}}{{Weather box

| location = Gurgaon (1991–2020, extremes 1965–2000)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| Jan record high C = 28.0

| Feb record high C = 33.5

| Mar record high C = 39.5

| Apr record high C = 44.8

| May record high C = 49.0

| Jun record high C = 47.5

| Jul record high C = 45.0

| Aug record high C = 41.0

| Sep record high C = 41.2

| Oct record high C = 39.3

| Nov record high C = 38.4

| Dec record high C = 32.5

| year record high C = 49.0

| Jan high C = 20.1

| Feb high C = 23.8

| Mar high C = 29.9

| Apr high C = 36.9

| May high C = 40.9

| Jun high C = 39.3

| Jul high C = 35.9

| Aug high C = 33.9

| Sep high C = 33.4

| Oct high C = 32.0

| Nov high C = 27.8

| Dec high C = 22.5

| year high C = 31.2

| Jan low C = 6.9

| Feb low C = 9.5

| Mar low C = 14.0

| Apr low C = 19.6

| May low C = 24.6

| Jun low C = 26.7

| Jul low C = 26.7

| Aug low C = 25.8

| Sep low C = 24.4

| Oct low C = 18.0

| Nov low C = 12.0

| Dec low C = 7.5

| year low C = 17.7

| Jan record low C = 0.0

| Feb record low C = 0.7

| Mar record low C = 3.7

| Apr record low C = 9.2

| May record low C = 14.8

| Jun record low C = 12.0

| Jul record low C = 21.0

| Aug record low C = 15.5

| Sep record low C = 13.9

| Oct record low C = 9.3

| Nov record low C = 2.6

| Dec record low C = -0.4

| year record low C = -0.4

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 13.5

| Feb rain mm = 16.9

| Mar rain mm = 3.4

| Apr rain mm = 8.2

| May rain mm = 22.7

| Jun rain mm = 79.2

| Jul rain mm = 135.5

| Aug rain mm = 211.4

| Sep rain mm = 120.2

| Oct rain mm = 15.9

| Nov rain mm = 10.7

| Dec rain mm = 11.0

| year rain mm = 648.6

| Jan rain days = 1.2

| Feb rain days = 1.2

| Mar rain days = 0.5

| Apr rain days = 0.6

| May rain days = 1.7

| Jun rain days = 4.3

| Jul rain days = 7.6

| Aug rain days = 8.5

| Sep rain days = 5.5

| Oct rain days = 1.3

| Nov rain days = 1.0

| Dec rain days = 0.8

| year rain days = 34.2

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 54

| Feb humidity = 45

| Mar humidity = 37

| Apr humidity = 28

| May humidity = 31

| Jun humidity = 40

| Jul humidity = 63

| Aug humidity = 69

| Sep humidity = 59

| Oct humidity = 45

| Nov humidity = 47

| Dec humidity = 55

|year humidity = 48

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{Cite web |title=IMD - CDSP |url=https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42178 |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=cdsp.imdpune.gov.in |archive-date=2 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402060813/https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42178 |url-status=live }}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf| archive-date = 5 February 2020| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)| publisher = India Meteorological Department| date = December 2016| page = M64| access-date = 1 March 2020}}}}

{{Weather box

| location = Karnal (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2012)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| Jan record high C = 31.2

| Feb record high C = 33.2

| Mar record high C = 37.5

| Apr record high C = 45.2

| May record high C = 46.0

| Jun record high C = 45.6

| Jul record high C = 43.9

| Aug record high C = 42.0

| Sep record high C = 38.3

| Oct record high C = 39.3

| Nov record high C = 34.4

| Dec record high C = 28.5

| year record high C = 46.0

| Jan high C = 18.2

| Feb high C = 22.2

| Mar high C = 27.7

| Apr high C = 35.5

| May high C = 38.6

| Jun high C = 37.6

| Jul high C = 33.8

| Aug high C = 32.6

| Sep high C = 32.3

| Oct high C = 31.8

| Nov high C = 27.3

| Dec high C = 21.5

| year high C = 30.0

| Jan low C = 6.4

| Feb low C = 8.9

| Mar low C = 12.9

| Apr low C = 18.3

| May low C = 23.1

| Jun low C = 25.4

| Jul low C = 26.0

| Aug low C = 25.3

| Sep low C = 23.2

| Oct low C = 17.3

| Nov low C = 11.5

| Dec low C = 7.4

| year low C = 17.2

| Jan record low C = -0.3

| Feb record low C = 0.6

| Mar record low C = 3.5

| Apr record low C = 9.0

| May record low C = 14.5

| Jun record low C = 18.0

| Jul record low C = 16.0

| Aug record low C = 18.4

| Sep record low C = 16.0

| Oct record low C = 9.4

| Nov record low C = 3.0

| Dec record low C = -0.4

| year record low C = -0.4

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 32.5

| Feb rain mm = 28.9

| Mar rain mm = 21.1

| Apr rain mm = 13.3

| May rain mm = 27.6

| Jun rain mm = 98.4

| Jul rain mm = 172.8

| Aug rain mm = 160.4

| Sep rain mm = 128.4

| Oct rain mm = 4.3

| Nov rain mm = 2.0

| Dec rain mm = 6.0

| year rain mm = 695.4

| Jan rain days = 1.7

| Feb rain days = 2.1

| Mar rain days = 1.5

| Apr rain days = 1.2

| May rain days = 1.7

| Jun rain days = 5.1

| Jul rain days = 7.8

| Aug rain days = 8.0

| Sep rain days = 5.0

| Oct rain days = 0.3

| Nov rain days = 0.2

| Dec rain days = 0.6

| year rain days = 35.4

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 64

| Feb humidity = 58

| Mar humidity = 51

| Apr humidity = 31

| May humidity = 33

| Jun humidity = 44

| Jul humidity = 67

| Aug humidity = 73

| Sep humidity = 68

| Oct humidity = 54

| Nov humidity = 53

| Dec humidity = 60

|year humidity = 55

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department

}}

Forest cover in the state in 2013 was 3.59% (1586 km²) and the tree cover in the state was 2.90% (1282 km²), giving a total forest and tree cover of 6.49%.{{citation|title=Welcome To Our Website|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/HomeContent1.aspx|publisher=Haryana Forest Department|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327010800/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/HomeContent1.aspx|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=dead}} In 2016 and 2017, 18,412 hectares were brought under tree cover by planting 14.1 million seedlings. Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over the state. During the monsoon, a carpet of grass covers the hills. Mulberry, eucalyptus, pine, kikar, shisham and babul are found here. The species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck, nilgai, panther, fox, mongoose, jackal and wild dog. More than 450 species of birds are found here.{{citation|title=Flora and Fauna|url=http://www.knowmyindia.com/haryana/gurgaon/sultanpur-national-park/flora-and-fauna.html|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101032538/http://www.knowmyindia.com/haryana/gurgaon/sultanpur-national-park/flora-and-fauna.html|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live}}{{citation|title=Conservation of Wildlife|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/conservation.aspx|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327013117/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/conservation.aspx|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=dead}}{{citation|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/fauna.htm |title=Fauna of Haryana |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202230620/http://haryana-online.com/fauna.htm |archive-date=2 December 2015 }}

File:Watercock (41632546090).jpg

{{see also|List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India}}

Haryana has two national parks, eight wildlife sanctuaries, two wildlife conservation areas, four animal and bird breeding centers, one deer park and three zoos, all of which are managed by the Haryana Forest Department of the Government of Haryana.{{citation|title=Parks, Reserves and Other Protected Areas in Haryana|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|access-date=11 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Protected Area|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|publisher=haryanaforest.gov.in|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead}} Sultanpur National Park is a notable park in Gurgaon District

{{see also|Air pollution in India}}

Haryana Environment Protection Council is the advisory committee and the Department of Environment, Haryana is the department responsible for the administration of the environment. Areas of Haryana surrounding Delhi NCR are the most polluted. During the smog of November 2017, the air quality index of Gurgaon and Faridabad showed that the density of fine particulates (2.5 μm diameter) was an average a score of 400 and the monthly average of Haryana was 60. Other sources of pollution are exhaust gases from old vehicles, stone crushers and brick kilns. Haryana has 7.5 million vehicles, of which 40% are old, more polluting vehicles, and 500,000 new vehicles are added every year. Other majorly polluted cities are Bhiwani, Bahadurgarh, Dharuhera, Hisar and Yamunanagar.[https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=hi&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fnews%2Fnational-air-pollution-effect-from-punjab-to-patna-17024258.html "From Punjab to Patna pollution spreads."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220015/https://www-jagran-com.translate.goog/news/national-air-pollution-effect-from-punjab-to-patna-17024258.html?_x_tr_sl=hi&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US |date=24 April 2022 }}, Dainik Jagran, 12 November 2017.

{{main | Administrative divisions of Haryana }}

File:Haryana_Wahlkreise_Lok_Sabha.svg constituencies in Haryana]]

{{See also|List of cities in Haryana by population}}

The state is divided into 6 revenue divisions, 5 Police Ranges and 4 Police Commissionerates (c. January 2017).[http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/haryana-re-organises-administrative-units.html Reorganisation of Haryana divisions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229231507/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/haryana-re-organises-administrative-units.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, Daily Pioneer, 3 January 2017.[http://www.uniindia.com/haryana-approves-to-create-two-new-revenue-divisions/states/news/768930.html Haryana approves to create two new revenue divisions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172428/http://www.uniindia.com/haryana-approves-to-create-two-new-revenue-divisions/states/news/768930.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, 2 February 2017.[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/authority-set-up-to-rejig-administrative-units-across-haryana/articleshow/56302722.cms Authority set up to rejig administrative units across Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229183401/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/authority-set-up-to-rejig-administrative-units-across-haryana/articleshow/56302722.cms |date=29 December 2017 }}, Times of India, 3 January 2017.[https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170202/3048081.html Haryana approves to create two new revenue divisions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172256/https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170202/3048081.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, Web India, 2 February 2017. Six revenue divisions are: Ambala, Rohtak, Gurgaon, Hisar, Karnal and Faridabad. Haryana has 11 municipal corporations (Gurgaon, Faridabad, Ambala, Panchkula, Yamunanagar, Rohtak, Hisar, Panipat, Karnal, Sonipat, and Manesar{{Cite news|date=24 December 2021|title=One year later, Municipal Corporation of Manesar battling transfer of amenities|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/one-year-later-municipal-corporation-of-manesar-battling-transfer-of-amenities-101640287094252.html|access-date=24 February 2022|work=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=23 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223165215/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/one-year-later-municipal-corporation-of-manesar-battling-transfer-of-amenities-101640287094252.html|url-status=live}}), 18 municipal councils and 52 municipalities.[https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=auto&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fharyana%2Fgurgaon-municipal-tax-increase-17339518.html Municipal taxes will be sanctioned to the weak bodies of the state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220015/https://www-jagran-com.translate.goog/haryana/gurgaon-municipal-tax-increase-17339518.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US |date=24 April 2022 }}, [https://www.jagran.com/haryana/gurgaon-municipal-tax-increase-17339518.html Dainik Jagran news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119060632/https://www.jagran.com/haryana/gurgaon-municipal-tax-increase-17339518.html |date=19 January 2018 }}

Within these, there are 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 blocks, 154 cities and towns, 6,848 villages, 6,226 villages panchayats and numerous smaller dhanis.{{sfn|NIDM|p=4}}

{{Main|List of districts of Haryana}}

Haryana consists of six divisions comprising 22 districts. Each district is headed by a Deputy Commissioner (DC), an IAS officer who also functions as the District Magistrate (DM) for maintaining law and order and the Collector for land revenue administration.

The districts are further divided into sub-divisions and tehsils for land revenue administration, and into blocks for development administration.  The subdivisions and tehsils are headed by Sub-Divisional Magistrates and Tehsildars, respectively.

The Haryana Police force is the law enforcement agency of Haryana. Five Police Ranges are Ambala, Hissar, Karnal, Rewari and Rohtak.[http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/haryana-establishes-five-police-ranges-117011601376_1.html Haryana establishes five police ranges] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229232024/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/haryana-establishes-five-police-ranges-117011601376_1.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, business Standard, 16 January 2017. Four Police Commissionerates are Faridabad, Gurgaon, Panchkula and Sonipat. Cybercrime investigation cell is based in Gurgaon's Sector 51.{{citation |title=Haryana Police |url=http://haryanapoliceonline.gov.in |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811060318/http://haryanapoliceonline.gov.in/ |archive-date=11 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}

The highest judicial authority in the state is the Punjab and Haryana High Court, with the next higher right of appeal being to the Supreme Court of India. Haryana uses an e-filing facility.{{citation |title=HC starts e-filing, gets Wi-Fi complex |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/courts/hc-starts-e-filing-gets-wi-fi-complex/13112.html |work=The Tribune |date=1 December 2014 |location=Chandigarh |agency=Tribune News Service |access-date=24 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306023012/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/courts/hc-starts-e-filing-gets-wi-fi-complex/13112.html |archive-date=6 March 2016 |url-status=live }}

{{See also | List of Chief Ministers of Haryana | Haryana Legislative Assembly | List of constituencies of Haryana Legislative Assembly | List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Haryana (10) | Political families of Haryana | label 1 = CMs | label 2 = Assembly | label 3 = Assembly constituencies | label 4 = Lok Sabha constituencies | label 5 = Political dynasties }}

The Common Service Centres (CSCs) have been upgraded in all districts to offer hundreds of e-services to citizens, including applications for new water and sanitation connections, electricity bill collection, ration card member registration, the result of HBSE, admit cards for board examinations, online admission forms for government colleges, long route booking of buses, admission forms for Kurukshetra University and HUDA plots status inquiry.{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-india-campaign-panchkula-comes-out-on-top-among-all-districts-of-haryana|title=Digital India campaign: Panchkula comes out on top among all districts of Haryana|date=26 December 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316045224/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-india-campaign-panchkula-comes-out-on-top-among-all-districts-of-haryana/|archive-date=16 March 2016|url-status=live}} Haryana has become the first state to implement Aadhaar-enabled birth registration in all the districts. Thousands of all traditional offline state and central government services are also available 24/7 online through single unified UMANG app and portal as part of Digital India initiative.[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/government-unveils-umang-app-for-citizen-services/articleshow/61769676.cms "Government unveils Umang app for citizen services."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417000928/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance/government-unveils-umang-app-for-citizen-services/articleshow/61769676.cms |date=17 April 2018 }}, Economic Times, 23 November 2017.[http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-s-umang-app-finally-sees-the-light-of-the-day-all-you-need-to-know-117112300381_1.html "Govt's Umang app finally sees the light of the day: All you need to know."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031928/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/govt-s-umang-app-finally-sees-the-light-of-the-day-all-you-need-to-know-117112300381_1.html |date=1 December 2017 }}, Business Standard, 23 November 2017.

File:Sahara Mall Gurgaon.jpg

{{Main | Economy of Haryana | List of special economic zones in India#Haryana | l2 = SEZs in Haryana | Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation | l3 = HSIDC estates | List of companies based in Gurgaon | l4 = Companies in Gurugram | Tourism in Haryana }}

Haryana's 14th placed 12.96% 2012-17 CAGR[https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana-presentation Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006154831/https://www.ibef.org/states/haryana-presentation |date=6 October 2018 }}, India Brand Equity Foundation, Nov 2017. estimated a 2017-18 GSDP of US$95 billion split into 52% services, 30% industries and 18% agriculture.{{cite web|title=Haryana State Budget 2017-18|url=http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf|website=Haryana Finance Dept|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822065346/http://web1.hry.nic.in/budget/Bgfinal.pdf|archive-date=22 August 2017|url-status=dead}}

The services sector is split across 45% in real estate and financial and professional services, 26% trade and hospitality, 15% state and central government employees, and 14% transport and logistics & warehousing. In IT services, Gurgaon ranks first in India in growth rate and existing technology infrastructure, and second in startup ecosystem, innovation and livability (Nov 2016).[http://ceoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-indian-cities-survey-2016/ India's Top 12 Tech Cities: Digital Indian Cities Survey, 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042008/http://ceoworld.biz/2016/12/02/indias-top-12-tech-cities-digital-indian-cities-survey-2016/ |date=5 December 2017 }}, CEOWORLD magazine, Nov 2016.

The industrial sector is split across 69% manufacturing, 28% construction, 2% utilities and 1% mining. In industrial manufacturing, Haryana produces 67% of passenger cars, 60% of motorcycles, 50% of tractors and 50% of the refrigerators in India.

The service and industrial sectors are boosted by 7 operational SEZs and an additional 23 formally approved SEZs (20 already notified and 3 approved in-principle) that are mostly spread along the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor, Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor and Western Peripheral Expressway.

The agricultural sector is split across 93% crops and livestock, 4% commercial forestry and logging, and 2% fisheries. Although Haryana has less than 1.4% of the total area of India, it contributes 15% of food grains to the central food security public distribution system, and makes up 7% of total national agricultural exports, including 60% of total national basmati rice exports.

File:Green farms of Jats in Haryana.jpg

Haryana is traditionally an agrarian society of zamindars (owner-cultivator farmers). About 70% of Haryana's residents are engaged in agriculture.{{cite report| title= Report on Haryana Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare| url= https://www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/reports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.pdf| publisher= Indian Council of Food and Welfare| page= 2| access-date= 29 September 2021| archive-date= 28 November 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211128073103/https://www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/reports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.pdf| url-status= dead}} The Green Revolution in Haryana of the 1960s combined with the completion of Bhakra Dam in 1963{{cite web|title=Bhakra Dam Will Be Engineering Marvel|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19550904&printsec=frontpage|work=The Indian Express|access-date=11 April 2017|page=13|date=4 September 1955|archive-date=24 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220014/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19550904&printsec=frontpage|url-status=live}} and Western Yamuna Command Network canal system in 1970s resulted in the significantly increased food grain production.{{cite web|title=About IARI|url=http://www.iari.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=161&Itemid=1730|website=IARI|access-date=11 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316004157/http://iari.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=161&Itemid=1730|archive-date=16 March 2015|url-status=live}} This movement lead to large-scale investments towards improving irrigation systems, enhancing the quality of fertilizers, and investing in superior seeds.{{Cite web |date=21 February 2024 |title=Haryana {{!}} History, Capital, Population, Map, & Government {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Haryana |access-date=3 April 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502205358/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/256424/Haryana |url-status=live }} As a result, Haryana is self sufficient in food production and the second largest contributor to India's central pool of food grains{{cite report| title= Report on Haryana Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare| url= https://www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/reports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.pdf| publisher= Indian Council of Food and Welfare| page= 2| access-date= 29 September 2021| archive-date= 28 November 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211128073103/https://www.icfa.org.in/assets/doc/reports/haryana-agriculture-and-farmers.pdf| url-status= dead}}

In 2015–2016, Haryana produced the following principal crops: 13,352,000 tonnes of wheat, 4,145,000 tonnes of rice, 7,169,000 tonnes of sugarcane, 993,000 tonnes of cotton and 855,000 tonnes of oilseeds (mustard seed, sunflower, etc.). In the northeastern area, dairy cattle, buffaloes, and bullocks play a prominent role, being utilised both for agricultural ploughing and as draft animals.{{Cite web |date=21 February 2024 |title=Haryana {{!}} History, Capital, Population, Map, & Government {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Haryana |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502205358/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/256424/Haryana |url-status=live }}

Vegetable production was: potato 853,806 tonnes, onion 705,795 tonnes, tomato 675,384 tonnes, cauliflower 578,953 tonnes, leafy vegetables 370,646 tonnes, brinjal 331,169 tonnes, guard 307,793 tonnes, peas 111,081 tonnes and others 269,993 tonnes.

Fruits production was: citrus 301,764 tonnes, guava 152,184 tonnes, mango 89,965 tonnes, chikoo 16,022 tonnes, aonla 12,056 tonnes and other fruits 25,848 tonnes.

Spices production was: garlic 40,497 tonnes, fenugreek 9,348 tonnes, ginger 4,304 tonnes and others 840 tonnes.

Cut flowers production was: marigold 61,830 tonnes, gladiolus 2,448,620 million, rose 1,861,160 million and other 691,300 million.

Medicinal plants production was: aloe vera 1403 tonnes and stevia 13 tonnes.

{{ see also | Central_Institute_for_Research_on_Buffaloes#Context:_Buffalo_and_dairying | l1= Dairying in Haryana }}

Haryana is well known for its high-yield Murrah buffalo.{{cite web|url=http://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html|title=Murrah Buffalo|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207042140/http://www.axonvet.com/murrah-buffalo.html|archive-date=7 February 2018|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/story/184582.html|title=Murrah buffalo sets record with 26.33 kg milk|work=The Tribune|date=16 January 2016|access-date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151238/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/story/184582.html|archive-date=13 August 2017|url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Andhra-Pradesh-farmer-buys-Haryana-murrah-buffalo-for-Rs-25L/articleshow/21753870.cms |title=Andhra Pradesh farmer buys Haryana murrah buffalo for Rs 25L |work=The Times of India |date=11 August 2013 |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220151300/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Andhra-Pradesh-farmer-buys-Haryana-murrah-buffalo-for-Rs-25L/articleshow/21753870.cms |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/farmer-earns-rs-40-lakh-a-year-from-murrah-bull-semen-sale/article1-1185010.aspx |title=Rs 40-lakh-a-year hurrah for owner of this Murrah! |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=17 February 2014 |access-date=30 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102909/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/farmer-earns-rs-40-lakh-a-year-from-murrah-bull-semen-sale/article1-1185010.aspx |archive-date=19 August 2014 }} Other breeds of cattle native to Haryana are Haryanvi, Mewati, Sahiwal and Nili-Ravi.{{cite web|url=http://www.cirb.res.in/images/pdf_files/annualreport15-16.pdf|title=CIRB annual report 2015-16.|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720115045/http://cirb.res.in/images/pdf_files/annualreport15-16.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2017|url-status=dead}}

{{See also | List_of_Medical,_Ayurvedic,_Dental,_Physiotherapy,_Nursing_and_Para-medical_colleges_in_Haryana#Other_institutes | label 1 = Research institutes in Haryana}}

To support its agrarian economy, both the central government (Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Central Sheep Breeding Farm, National Research Centre on Equines, Central Institute of Fisheries, National Dairy Research Institute, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research and National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources) and the state government (CCS HAU, LUVAS, Government Livestock Farm, Regional Fodder Station and Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute) have opened several institutes for research and education.M Gupta, 2011, [http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/11559/3/ALIS%2058%281%29%2063-70.pdf Ranking of Indian institutions in agriculture & allied sciences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127205219/http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/11559/3/ALIS%2058(1)%2063-70.pdf |date=27 January 2018 }}.Jagvir Singh Yadav, 1992, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8170223865 Evaluation of Agricultural Extension: A Study of Haryana], Page 44.Salim Ahmed Lalli, 2007, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8189131192 Infrastructure and agricultural development in Haryana: policy implications].

{{See also | Automotive_industry_in_India#Haryana | label 1 = Automotive industry in Haryana}}

File:Larsen & Toubro Office.png Office at Faridabad.]]

File:DLF Gateway Tower.png, India's largest real estate company, in Gurgaon, Haryana.]]

• Faridabad is one of the biggest industrial cities of Haryana as well as North India.{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051228/delhi.htm#1|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Delhi and neighbourhood|work=The Tribune|access-date=7 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613023249/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051228/delhi.htm#1|archive-date=13 June 2007|url-status=live}} The city is home to large-scale MNC companies like India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd., Havells India Limited,{{cite web|url=http://www.havells.com/company-profile.aspx|title=File not found|access-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095909/http://www.havells.com/company-profile.aspx|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}} JCB India Limited, Escorts Group, Indian Oil (R&D),{{cite web|author=Manohar, Asit|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/news/31240306_1_bio-fuels-research-work-indian-oil-corporation|title=IOC Faridabad unit to pump in bio-fuel; R&D unit gearing to reduce pressure on conventional fuel|work=The Times of India|date=26 March 2012|access-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113631/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-26/news/31240306_1_bio-fuels-research-work-indian-oil-corporation|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=dead}} and Larsen & Toubro (L&T).{{cite web|url=http://www.lntgulf.com/default.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041859/http://www.lntgulf.com/contact-us.html|url-status=dead|title=金牛配资_炒股配资平台_ 免息配资公司|archive-date=4 March 2016|website=lntgulf.com}} Eyewear e-tailer Lenskart and healthcare startup Lybrate have their headquarters in Faridabad.{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/eyewear-etailer-lenskart-looks-at-150-growth-this-fiscal/article7916307.ece|title=Eye-wear e-tailer Lenskart looks at 150% growth this fiscal|author=Abhishek Law|work=Business Line|date=25 November 2015 |access-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211195817/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/eyewear-etailer-lenskart-looks-at-150-growth-this-fiscal/article7916307.ece|archive-date=11 February 2016|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Faridabad-Rents-climbing-sleepy-town-is-hot-property/articleshow/47728780.cms|title=Faridabad: Rents climbing, sleepy town is hot property|work=The Times of India|date=19 June 2015 |access-date=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622054331/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Faridabad-Rents-climbing-sleepy-town-is-hot-property/articleshow/47728780.cms|archive-date=22 June 2015|url-status=live}}
• Hissar, an NCR Counter Magnet city known as a steel and cotton spinning hub as well as an upcoming integrated industrial aerocity and aero MRO hub at Hisar Airport,[http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/hisar-aerodrome-being-considered-for-international-airport-says-mla/article1-1292554.aspx Hisar aerodrome being considered for international airport, says MLA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211001542/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/hisar-aerodrome-being-considered-for-international-airport-says-mla/article1-1292554.aspx |date=11 December 2014 }}, HT Correspondent, Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2 December 2014.[http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/Ministry/haryana-govt-to-develop-international-airport-at-hisar-30068 Haryana to develop international airport at Hisar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112209/http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/Ministry/haryana-govt-to-develop-international-airport-at-hisar-30068 |date=19 October 2017 }}, [http://www.travelbizmonitor.com TravelBizMonitor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129150531/http://www.travelbizmonitor.com/ |date=29 November 2017 }}, Retrieved in March 2016.[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/state-shelves-hisar-airport-project/87044.html State shelves Hisar airport cargo project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019111840/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/state-shelves-hisar-airport-project/87044.html |date=19 October 2017 }}, The Tribune, 29 May 2015. is a fast-developing city and the hometown of Navin Jindal and Subhash Chandra of Zee TV fame. Savitri Jindal, Navin Jindal's mother, has been listed by Forbes as the third richest woman in the world.{{cite magazine |title=Savitri Jindal and family |magazine=Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/savitri-jindal |access-date=13 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704153925/http://www.forbes.com/profile/savitri-jindal/ |archive-date=4 July 2012 |url-status=live }}
• Panipat has heavy industry, including a refinery operated by the Indian Oil Corporation, a urea manufacturing plant operated by National Fertilizers Limited and a National Thermal Power Corporation power plant. It is known for its woven modhas or round stools.{{cite news| url=http://www.indianmirror.com/culture/states-culture/haryana.html| title=Haryana culture| work=Indian mirror| access-date=31 July 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827193200/http://www.indianmirror.com/culture/states-culture/haryana.html| archive-date=27 August 2015| url-status=live}}
• Sonipat: IMT Kundli, Nathupur, Rai and Barhi are industrial areas with several small and medium-sized enterprises, and also large ones such as Atlas cycles, E.C.E., Birla factory, and OSRAM{{cite web|url=http://www.osramindia.com|title=OSRAM|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513131033/http://www.osramindia.com/|archive-date=13 May 2008|url-status=usurped}}{{cite web|url=http://www.atlascyclesonepat.com|title=Atlas Cycles (Haryana) Ltd., Sonepat (India)|website=atlascyclesonepat.com|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216134908/http://atlascyclesonepat.com/|archive-date=16 December 2017|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.eceindustriesltd.com|title=ECE Industries Ltd.|website=eceindustriesltd.com|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171129142459/http://www.eceindustriesltd.com/|archive-date=29 November 2017|url-status=live}}
• Gurgaon: IMT Manesar, Dundahera and Sohna are industrial and logistics hubs,{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?Archive&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2011/02/05&PageLabel=58&EntityId=Ar05800&ViewMode=HTML|title=Article Window|date=5 February 2011|access-date=5 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110536/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?Archive&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP%2F2011%2F02%2F05&PageLabel=58&EntityId=Ar05800&ViewMode=HTML|archive-date=27 November 2018|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/haryana-showpiece-millennium-city-gurgaons-powerless-original-residents-suffer-135834/|title=Haryana showpiece millennium city Gurgaon's 'powerless' original residents suffer|website=India.com|date=1 September 2014|access-date=25 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034445/http://www.india.com/news/india/haryana-showpiece-millennium-city-gurgaons-powerless-original-residents-suffer-135834/|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Villagers-fume-after-Haryana-CM-skips-KMP-meet/articleshow/7141757.cms?referral=PM|author=Tanushree Roy Chowdhury|work=The Times of India|agency=TNN|title=Villagers fume after Haryana CM skips KMP meet|date=22 December 2010|access-date=7 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102004049/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Villagers-fume-after-Haryana-CM-skips-KMP-meet/articleshow/7141757.cms?referral=PM|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}} and also has the National Security Guards, the Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs, the National Brain Research Centre and the National Bomb Data Centre.{{cite web|url=http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Manesar%20&district=Gurgaon|title=Pin Code of Manesar Gurgaon|website=citypincode.in|access-date=9 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309090757/http://www.citypincode.in/PinCodeOf.jsp?area=Manesar%20&district=Gurgaon|archive-date=9 March 2014|url-status=dead}}

Haryana State has always given high priority to the expansion of electricity infrastructure, as it is one of the most important drivers of development for the state. Haryana was the first state in the country to achieve 100% rural electrification in 1970 as well as the first in the country to link all villages with all-weather roads and provide safe drinking water facilities throughout the state.{{citation|title=General Information|url=http://www.haryanainvest.org/general-information.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120909072523/http://www.haryanainvest.org/general-information.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2012}}{{better source needed|date=October 2017}}

Sources of power in the state include:

• Renewable and non-polluting sources
• Hydroelectricity
• Bhakra-Nangal Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant
• WYC Hydro Electric Station, 62.4 MW, Yamunanagar
• Solar power stations
• Faridabad Solar Power Plant: being set up by HPGCL Faridabad (c.2016).{{citation |title=Haryana aims to install solar plants to replace old thermal plants |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-03-15/news/71543274_1_power-plant-solar-plant-hpgcl |work=The Economic Times |date=15 March 2016 |access-date=24 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405034650/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-03-15/news/71543274_1_power-plant-solar-plant-hpgcl |archive-date=5 April 2016 |url-status=dead }}
• Nuclear power stations
• Gorakhpur Nuclear Power Plant, 2800MW, Fatehabad, Phase-I 1400MW by 2021{{cite web | url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=102476 | title=Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan sigh Lays Foundation Stone of 2800 MW Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana (Nuclear Power Project) | publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India | date=13 January 2014 | access-date=6 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222061426/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=102476 | archive-date=22 February 2014 | url-status=live}}[http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/gorakhpur-nuclear-power-plant-makes-headway-39141 Gorakhpur nuclear power plant makes headway] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921202535/http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/gorakhpur-nuclear-power-plant-makes-headway-39141 |date=21 September 2017 }}. Down To Earth. 20 September 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
• Coal-fired thermal power stations
• Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station, 600MW, Yamunanagar{{cite web |url=http://hpgcl.gov.in/powerplants_rpp.hp |title=HPGCL power plant capacity |access-date=5 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005819/http://hpgcl.gov.in/powerplants_rpp.hp |archive-date=6 December 2017 |url-status=live }}
• Indira Gandhi Super Thermal Power Project, 1500MW, Jhajjar
• Jhajjar Power Station, 1500MW
• Panipat Thermal Power Station I, 440MW
• Panipat Thermal Power Station II, 920MW
• Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Station, 1200MW, Hisar

File:Administrative_map_of_Haryana_with_RTO_codes_for_vehicle_registration.png

{{main | History_of_Haryana#Aviation | l1= Aviation in Haryana }}

{{main | List of highways in Haryana | l1= Highways in Haryana }}

Haryana has a total road length of {{convert|26062|km}}, including {{convert|2482|km}} comprising 29 national highways, {{convert|1801|km}} of state highways,{{Cite news|url=https://haryanasamanyagyan.com/notes/state-highways-in-haryana/1592/|title=List of State Highways in Haryana|date=2 September 2017|work=Haryana Samanya Gyan|access-date=4 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104211139/https://haryanasamanyagyan.com/notes/state-highways-in-haryana/1592/|archive-date=4 November 2018|url-status=live}} {{convert|1395|km}} of Major District Roads (MDR) and {{convert|20344|km}} of Other District Roads (ODR) (c. December 2017).[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/single-agency-to-handle-road-repair-work-from-january-1/520344.html "Single agency to handle road repair work from January 1"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229174916/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/single-agency-to-handle-road-repair-work-from-january-1/520344.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, Tribune, 29 December 2017. A fleet of 3,864 Haryana Roadways buses covers a distance of 1.15 million km per day, and it was the first state in the country to introduce luxury video coaches.{{cite web|url=http://haryanaindustries.nic.in/WhyHaryana/Pages/NewEconomicInfrastructure.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410062940/http://haryanaindustries.nic.in/WhyHaryana/Pages/NewEconomicInfrastructure.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Why Haryana? - Economic Infrastructure|archive-date=10 April 2009}}

Ancient Delhi Multan Road and Grand Trunk Road, South Asia's oldest and longest major roads, pass through Haryana. GT Road passes through the districts of Sonipat, Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra and Ambala in north Haryana where it enters Delhi and subsequently the industrial town of Faridabad on its way. The {{convert|135.6|km}} Kundli-Manesar-Palwal Expressway (KMP) will provide a high-speed link to northern Haryana with its southern districts such as Sonipat, Gurgaon, and Faridabad.{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/20526.html|title=KMP Expressways to be completed by 2009|work=The Indian Express|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315201640/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/20526.html|archive-date=15 March 2007}}

The Delhi-Agra Expressway (NH-2) that passes through Faridabad is being widened to six lanes from the current four lanes.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nh-2-widening-to-claim-25-000-trees-in-faridabad-dist/story-ek0KPewdRR6CZ7mZEgMeWM.html |title=NH-2 widening to claim 25,000 trees in Faridabad dist | india |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=6 June 2012 |access-date=3 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032245/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nh-2-widening-to-claim-25-000-trees-in-faridabad-dist/story-ek0KPewdRR6CZ7mZEgMeWM.html |archive-date=17 November 2015 |url-status=live }} It will further boost Faridabad's connectivity with Delhi.

{{See also | Railway in Haryana | Railway stations in Haryana | North_Western_Railway_zone#History | Northern_Railway_zone#History | North_Central_Railway_zone#History | label 3 = NWR history | label 4 = NR history | label 5 = NCR history }}

The rail network in Haryana is covered by five rail divisions under three rail zones. Diamond Quadrilateral High-speed rail network,{{citation|title=Address by The President of India to the Joint sitting of Parliament 2014|url=http://www.pmindia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225448/http://www.pmindia.gov.in/President_Address.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014}} Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (72 km){{cite web|url=http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Eastern_Corridor|title=Eastern DFC|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126065737/http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Eastern_Corridor|archive-date=26 November 2017|url-status=dead}} and Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (177 km){{cite web|url=http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Western_Corridor|title=Western DFC|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203070023/http://dfccil.gov.in/dfccil_app/Western_Corridor|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=dead}} pass through Haryana.

Bikaner railway division of the North Western Railway zone manages the rail network in western and southern Haryana covering Bhatinda-Dabwali-Hanumangarh line, Rewari-Bhiwani-Hisar-Bathinda line, Hisar-Sadulpur line and Rewari-Loharu-Sadulpur line.{{cite web |url=http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1450093153283-BKN.pdf |title=Bikaner Division map and history |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229231537/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1450093153283-BKN.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2017 |url-status=live }}{{cite web | url = http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1390378076313-Overview%20dt.21.01.14.pdf | title = Overview of Bikaner Division | publisher = North Western Railway | access-date = 7 May 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140508030427/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1390378076313-Overview%20dt.21.01.14.pdf | archive-date = 8 May 2014}} Jaipur railway division of North Western Railway zone manages the rail network in south-west Haryana covering Rewari-Reengas-Jaipur line, Delhi-Alwar-Jaipur line and Loharu-Sikar line.{{cite web |url=http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1450093177866-JP.pdf |title=Jaipur division network map |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229173541/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1450093177866-JP.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2017 |url-status=live }}

The Delhi railway division of the Northern Railway zone manages the rail network in north and east-central Haryana, covering Delhi-Panipat-Ambala line, Delhi-Rohtak-Tohana line, Rewari–Rohtak line, Jind-Sonepat line and Delhi-Rewari line.{{cite web |url=http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,315 |title=Delhi division map and history |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507033025/http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,315 |archive-date=7 May 2014 |url-status=live }}{{cite web|title=Zones and their Divisions in Indian Railways |url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |work=Indian Railways |access-date=13 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003737/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2015 }}{{cite web|url = http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319|title = Ambala Railway Division|access-date = 13 January 2016|publisher = Railway Board|work= Northern Railway zone|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140418160819/http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319|archive-date = 18 April 2014|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Statement showing Category-wise No.of stations in IR based on Pass. earning of 2011 |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128044328/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI%26ACategoryStns.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}{{cite web|title=PASSENGER AMENITIES - CRITERIA= For Categorisation of Stations |url=http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045206/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }} Agra railway division of North Central Railway zone manages another very small part of the network in southeast Haryana covering only the Palwal-Mathura line.{{cite web |url=http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,262 |title=NCR Zone map |access-date=29 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230080131/http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,262 |archive-date=30 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261|title=North Central Railways / Indian Railways Portal|website=ncr.indianrailways.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707094035/http://www.ncr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261|archive-date=7 July 2012|url-status=live}}

Ambala railway division of Northern Railway zone manages a small part of the rail network in north-east Haryana covering Ambala-Yamunanagar line, Ambala-Kurukshetra line and UNESCO World Heritage Kalka–Shimla Railway.[http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319 Ambala Division map and history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418160819/http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319 |date=18 April 2014 }}.

{{main | Delhi Metro | Rapid Metro Gurgaon | label 1 = Delhi Metro | label 2 = Gurgaon Metro}}

Delhi Metro connects the national capital Delhi with the NCR cities of Faridabad, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh. Faridabad has the longest metro network in the NCR Region consisting of 11 stations and a track length of 17 km.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/ncr-s-longest-metro-line-in-faridabad/article1-800767.aspx |title=NCR's longest Metro line in Faridabad | delhi |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=23 January 2012 |access-date=3 November 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

File:Delhi Faridabad Skyway.png]]

The Haryana and Delhi governments have constructed the {{convert|4.5|km|adj=on}} international standard Delhi Faridabad Skyway, the first of its kind in North India, to connect Delhi and Faridabad.{{cite web |url=http://www.hccinfrastructure.com/projects/delhifaridabad_expressway.aspx |title=Projects - Delhi - Faridabad Elevated Expressway Project (dfskyway TM) (NH - 2) |publisher=HCC Infrastructure |date=29 November 2010 |access-date=3 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101032537/http://www.hccinfrastructure.com/projects/delhifaridabad_expressway.aspx |archive-date=1 January 2016 }}

Haryana has a statewide network of telecommunication facilities. Haryana Government has its own statewide area network by which all government offices of 22 districts and 126 blocks across the state are connected with each other, thus making it the first SWAN of the country.{{cite web|url=http://www.egovonline.net/articles/article-details.asp?Title=Tulip-IT-in-Haryana&ArticalID=1716&Type=INDUSTRY%20PERSPECTIVE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330231740/http://www.egovonline.net/articles/article-details.asp?Title=Tulip-IT-in-Haryana&ArticalID=1716&Type=INDUSTRY%20PERSPECTIVE|url-status=dead|title=Egovonline.net|archive-date=30 March 2012}}{{cite web|url=http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/7526/93/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101071407/http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/7526/93/|url-status=dead|title=Punjabnewsline.com|archive-date=1 January 2008}}{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080206/haryana.htm | title=The Tribune India | newspaper=The Tribune | access-date=6 February 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627005749/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080206/haryana.htm | archive-date=27 June 2009 | url-status=live}} Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited and most of the leading private sector players (such as Reliance Infocom, Tata Teleservices, Bharti Telecom, Idea Vodafone Essar, Aircel, Uninor and Videocon) have operations in the state. The two biggest cities of Haryana, Faridabad and Gurgaon, which are part of the National Capital Region, come under the local Delhi Mobile Telecommunication System. The rest of the cities of Haryana come under Haryana Telecommunication System.

Electronic media channels include MTV, 9XM, Star Group, SET Max, News Time, NDTV 24x7 and Zee Group. The radio stations include All India Radio and other FM stations.

Panipat, Hisar, Ambala and Rohtak are the cities in which the leading newspapers of Haryana are printed and circulated throughout Haryana, in which Dainik Bhaskar, Dainik Jagran, Punjab Kesari, The Tribune, {{Lang|hi-latn|Aaj Samaj}}, Hari Bhoomi{{cite web|url=https://www.haribhoomi.com/local/haryana|title=Haryana News - Haryana News Live - Haryana Hindi News - Haryana Latest News | Hari Bhoomi|website=haribhoomi.com|access-date=8 July 2020|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621034451/https://www.haribhoomi.com/local/haryana|url-status=live}} and Amar Ujala are prominent.

{{See also | Haryana Civil Medical Services | List of Medical, Ayurvedic, Dental, Physiotherapy, Nursing and Para-medical colleges in Haryana | National Rural Health Mission | label 1 = Haryana Civil Medical Services | label 2 = Teaching hospitals | label 3 = NRHM }}

File:Academic Block, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad.jpg]]

The total fertility rate of Haryana is 2.3. The infant mortality rate is 41 (SRS 2012) and the maternal mortality ratio is 146 (SRS 2010–2012).{{citation|title=State Wise Information|url=http://nrhm.gov.in/nrhm-in-state/state-wise-information/haryana.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515054804/http://www.nrhm.gov.in/nrhm-in-state/state-wise-information/haryana.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 May 2013|publisher=National Rural Health Mission}} The state of Haryana has various Medical Colleges including Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rohtak, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College in District Sonipat, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad along with notable private medical institutes like Medanta, Max Hospital, Fortis Healthcare

The literacy rate in Haryana has seen an upward trend and is 76.64 per cent as per the 2011 population census. Male literacy stands at 85.38%, while female literacy is at 66.67%. In 2001, the literacy rate in Haryana stood at 67.91%, of which males and females were 78.49% and 55.73% literate respectively.{{citation|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf|title=Census 2011, Chapter 6 (State of Literacy)|pages=114–117|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706191931/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf|archive-date=6 July 2015|url-status=live}} {{As of|2013}}, Gurgaon city had the highest literacy rate in Haryana at 86.30% followed by Panchkula at 81.9% and Ambala at 81.7%.{{citation |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-haryana-gurgaon-tops-literacy-rate-but-has-worst-sex-ratio/1119373/#sthash.pBWugHfA.dpuf |title=In Haryana, Gurgaon tops literacy rate but has worst sex ratio |work=The Indian Express|date=23 May 2013 |access-date=3 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607143725/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/in-haryana-gurgaon-tops-literacy-rate-but-has-worst-sex-ratio/1119373#sthash.pBWugHfA.dpuf |archive-date=7 June 2013 |url-status=live }} In terms of districts, {{as of|2012|lc=y}}, Rewari had the highest literacy rate in Haryana at 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy was 79% and female literacy was 67%.{{cite web|url=http://www.ijrsr.com/September2012/12.pdf |title=Spatio-temporal Pattern of Literacy in Haryana |access-date=15 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524023017/http://www.ijrsr.com/September2012/12.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2014 }} In 2011, Haryana's urban literacy rate stood at 84.98%, marking a notable rise from 79.92% in 2001. Similarly, the rural literacy rate in the state experienced an improvement, reaching 68.91% in 2011 compared to 58.74% in 2001.{{Cite web |title=Haryana Population 2022 {{!}} Sex Ratio & Literacy rate 2024 |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/haryana.html |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=www.census2011.co.in |archive-date=4 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404020031/https://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/haryana.html |url-status=live }}

Haryana Board of School Education, established in September 1969 and shifted to Bhiwani in 1981, conducts public examinations at middle, matriculation, and senior secondary levels twice a year. Over 700,000 candidates attend annual examinations in February and March; 150,000 attend supplementary examinations each November. The Board also conducts examinations for Haryana Open School at senior and senior secondary levels twice a year.{{citation|url=http://www.bseh.org.in/history|title=History|publisher=Haryana Board of School Education|access-date=23 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224053220/http://www.bseh.org.in/history/|archive-date=24 December 2015|url-status=live}} The Haryana government provides free education to women up to the bachelor's degree level.

In 2015–2016, there were nearly 20,000 schools, including 10,100 state government schools (36 Aarohi Schools, 11 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas, 21 Model Sanskriti Schools, 8,744 government primary school, 3386 government middle school, 1,284 government high school and 1,967 government senior secondary schools),{{cite web|url=http://hryedumis.gov.in/statistics/reports|title=Management Information System - Reports|website=hryedumis.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214061251/http://hryedumis.gov.in/statistics/reports|archive-date=14 December 2017|url-status=dead}} 7,635 private schools (200 aided,{{cite web |url=http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/AidedSchool_AsOn09072014.pdf |title=Haryana Education stats: aided private schools, 2015-2016 |access-date=4 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011005518/http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/AidedSchool_AsOn09072014.pdf |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=dead }} 6,612 recognised unaided,{{cite web|url=http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateRecognized16122016.pdf|title=Haryana Education stats: Recognized unaided schools 2015-2016|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031023229/http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateRecognized16122016.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2017|url-status=dead}} and 821 unrecognised unaided private schools{{cite web|url=http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateUnrecognized16122016.pdf|title=Haryana Education stats: list of unrecognized unaided schools, 2015-2016|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026051114/http://www.schooleducationharyana.gov.in/downloads_pdf/stat/ListofPrivateUnrecognized16122016.pdf|archive-date=26 October 2017|url-status=dead}}) and several hundred other central government and private schools such as Kendriya Vidyalaya, Indian Army Public Schools, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya and DAV schools affiliated to central government's CBSE and ICSE school boards.

File:Mriu at night1.jpg

{{See also|List of institutions of higher education in Haryana}}

Haryana has 48 universities and 1,038 colleges,{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/a-first-haryana-has-more-women-than-men-pursuing-higher-education/837137.html|title=A first: Haryana has more women than men pursuing higher education|last=Thakur|first=Bhartesh Singh|date=23 September 2019|work=The Tribune|access-date=2 October 2019|archive-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925164158/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/a-first-haryana-has-more-women-than-men-pursuing-higher-education/837137.html|url-status=live}} including 115 government colleges, 88 government-aided colleges and 96 self-finance colleges.[https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=hi&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fharyana%2Fmahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html Haryana is growing rapidly in higher education, 299 colleges in small state] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220015/https://www-jagran-com.translate.goog/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html?_x_tr_sl=hi&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US |date=24 April 2022 }}, [https://www.jagran.com/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html Jagram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119234959/https://www.jagran.com/haryana/mahendragarh-haryana-is-growing-rapidly-in-higher-education-colleges-in-small-states-17374290.html |date=19 January 2018 }}, 17 January 2018. Hisar has three universities: Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University – Asia's largest agricultural university,{{cite web|url=http://hau.ernet.in/|title=About HAU|publisher=Haryana Agricultural University|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512064952/http://hau.ernet.in/|archive-date=12 May 2012|url-status=dead}} Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences); several national agricultural and veterinary research centres (National Research Centre on Equines),{{cite web|title=Vision 2030|url=http://nrce.nic.in/downloads/NRCE%20Vision%202030.pdf|publisher=National Research Centre on Equines|access-date=7 June 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913134303/http://www.nrce.nic.in/downloads/NRCE%20Vision%202030.pdf|archive-date=13 September 2012}} Central Sheep Breeding Farm,{{cite web|url=http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/reports/compendium-of-schemes/central-sheep-breeding-farm-hissar-haryana.aspx |title=Central sheep breeding farm |publisher=Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, GoI |access-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122055903/http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/reports/compendium-of-schemes/central-sheep-breeding-farm-hissar-haryana.aspx |archive-date=22 November 2012 }} National Institute on Pig Breeding and Research,{{cite web|url=http://www.ppu.edu.in/about-hisar.html |title=Climate of Hisar |publisher=PPU |access-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505132444/http://www.ppu.edu.in/about-hisar.html |archive-date=5 May 2012 }} Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute{{cite web|url=http://nrfmtti.dacnet.nic.in/|title=About us|publisher=Northern Region Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute|access-date=27 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916140714/http://nrfmtti.dacnet.nic.in/|archive-date=16 September 2011}} and Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB);{{cite web|url=http://www.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=1&lang=en|title=About CIRB|publisher=Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913001100/http://www.cirb.res.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=1&lang=en|archive-date=13 September 2012|url-status=live}} and more than 20 colleges including Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha.{{cite web|url=http://mamc.edu.in/|title=Official website|publisher=Maharaja Agrasen Medical College|access-date=27 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072051/http://mamc.edu.in/|archive-date=26 April 2012|url-status=live}}

Demographically, Haryana has 471,000 women and 457,000 men pursuing post-secondary school higher education. There are more than 18,616 female teachers and 17,061 male teachers in higher education.

Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad announced on 27 February 2016 that the National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) would be set up in Kurukshetra to provide computer training to youth and a Software Technology Park of India (STPI) would be set up in Panchkula's existing HSIIDC IT Park in Sector 23.{{citation |title=Under the Digital India initiative: Software Technology Park of India |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-india-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india-software-technology-park-in-panchkula-panchkula-news-under-the-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india |work=The Indian Express |date=28 February 2016 |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310222254/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/digital-india-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india-software-technology-park-in-panchkula-panchkula-news-under-the-digital-india-initiative-software-technology-park-of-india/ |archive-date=10 March 2016 |url-status=live }} Hindi and English are compulsory languages in schools whereas Punjabi, Sanskrit and Urdu are chosen as optional languages.{{cite web|url=http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf|title=National Committee for Linguistic Minorities|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018191624/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf|archive-date=18 October 2017|url-status=dead}}

{{See also| Template:Stadiums in Haryana | label 1 = Stadiums in Haryana}}{{Multiple image

| image1 = Bajrang Punia receiving Arjuna Award-2015 (cropped).jpg

| caption1 = Wrestler Bajrang Punia

| image2 = Kapil Dev at Equation sports auction.jpg

| caption2 = Cricketer Kapil Dev

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| image3 = The Beijing Olympic bronze medal winner, boxer Vijender Kumar at Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport, in New Delhi on August 25, 2008.jpg

| caption3 = Boxer Vijender Singh

| image4 = Saina Nehwal in 2011 (cropped-02).jpg

| caption4 = Badminton player Saina Nehwal

| align = center

}}

In the 2010 Commonwealth Games at Delhi, 22 out of 38 gold medals that India won came from Haryana.{{cite web|url=/http://mizoramexpress.com/index.php/2010/10/32-medal-winner-from-haryana-to-get-maruti-cars|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126160127/http://mizoramexpress.com/index.php/2010/10/32-medal-winner-from-haryana-to-get-maruti-cars|url-status=usurped|title=32 Medal winner from Haryana to get Maruti Cars|archive-date=26 November 2010|website=MizoramExpress.com}} During the 33rd National Games held in Assam in 2007, Haryana stood first in the nation[http://www.33rdnationalgames.nic.in/medal_tally.htm Official site for the 33rd National Games 2007, Guwahati] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019025637/http://www.33rdnationalgames.nic.in/medal_tally.htm |date=19 October 2009 }} with a medal tally of 80, including 30 gold, 22 silver and 28 bronze medals.

The 1983 World Cup winning captain Kapil Dev made his domestic-cricket debut playing for Haryana. Nahar Singh Stadium was built in Faridabad in the year 1981 for international cricket. This ground has the capacity to hold around 25,000 people as spectators.{{cite web|url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58081.html|title=Nahar Singh Stadium - India - Cricket Grounds - ESPN Cricinfo|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104073151/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58081.html|archive-date=4 January 2009|url-status=live}} Tejli Sports Complex is an ultra-modern sports complex in Yamuna Nagar. Tau Devi Lal Stadium in Gurgaon is a multi-sport complex.{{cite web|url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/icl/content/ground/321957.html|title=Tau Devi Lal Cricket Stadium - India - Cricket Grounds - ESPN Cricinfo|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=7 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608174232/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/icl/content/ground/321957.html|archive-date=8 June 2008|url-status=live}}

Chief Minister of Haryana, Manohar Lal Khattar announced the "Haryana Sports and Physical Fitness Policy", a policy to support 26 Olympic sports, on 12 January 2015 with the words "We will develop Haryana as the sports hub of the country."{{citation|title=News Details|url=http://haryanacmoffice.gov.in/newsupdates/details/id/338|publisher=Office of Chief Minister of Haryana|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701072127/http://haryanacmoffice.gov.in/newsupdates/details/id/338|archive-date=1 July 2017|url-status=dead}}{{sfn|GoH|2015|p=27}}

Haryana is home to Haryana Gold, one of India's eight professional basketball teams that compete in the country's UBA Pro Basketball League.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, Sakshi Malik won the bronze medal in the 58 kg category, becoming the first Indian female wrestler to win a medal at the Olympics and the fourth female Olympic medalist from the country.

Notable badminton player Saina Nehwal is from Hisar in Haryana.{{cite web|date=31 October 2010|first1=Bhupendra|last1=Yadav|title=Why Haryana is India's mine for medals|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/all-that-matters/Why-Haryana-is-Indias-mine-for-medals/articleshow/6844460.cms|access-date=26 July 2020|website=The Times of India|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216022235/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/all-that-matters/Why-Haryana-is-Indias-mine-for-medals/articleshow/6844460.cms|url-status=live}}

Notable athlete Neeraj Chopra, who competes in Javelin Throw and won the first track and field gold medal in 2020 Tokyo Olympics for India, was born and raised in Panipat, Haryana.

Wrestling is also very prominent in Haryana, as 2 medals won in wrestling at 2020 Tokyo Olympics were from Haryana.

Notable athlete Ravi Dahiya, who was born in Nahri village of Sonipat District, won silver medal in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics for India.

Ravi Kumar is an Indian freestyle wrestler who won a silver medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in the 57 kg category. Dahiya is also a bronze medalist from 2019 World Wrestling Championships and a two-time Asian champion.

{{further|List of people from Haryana}}

• List of Monuments of National Importance in Haryana
• List of State Protected Monuments in Haryana
• Outline of Haryana
• Politics of Haryana
• Tourism in Haryana
• Haryanvi cinema
• List of earthquakes in Haryana

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin|40em}}

• {{citation|ref={{harvid|GoH|2015}}|title=Haryana Sports and Physical Fitness Policy|url=http://haryanasports.gov.in/pdf/sportspolicyeng.pdf|publisher=Government of Haryana|date=12 January 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020824/http://haryanasports.gov.in/pdf/sportspolicyeng.pdf|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=dead}}
• {{citation |editor=Atul Kumar Sinha |editor2=Abhay Kumar Singh |title=Udayana New Horizons in History, Classics and Inter-Cultural studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4VeYJdww2YC |publisher=Anamika Publishers |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7975-168-8 }}
• {{citation|ref={{harvid|NIDM}}|title=National Disaster Risk Reduction Portal - Haryana|url=http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/dp/Haryana.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Disaster Management|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909120623/http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/dp/Haryana.pdf|archive-date=9 September 2016|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite book|title= Haryana: Past and Present|last= Sharma|first= Suresh K|year= 2006|publisher= Mittal Publications|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-8324-046-1|page= 763|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VE71IqAC0YYC&q=haryana|archive-date= 28 March 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240328160106/https://books.google.com/books?id=VE71IqAC0YYC&q=haryana|url-status= live}}
• {{cite book|title= Haryana General Knowledge|last= Khanna|first= C. L.|year= 2008|publisher= Upkar Prakashan|location= Agra|isbn= 978-81-7482-383-0|page= 75|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kF-iDEMnuyMC&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Folk Tales & Legends of Haryana|last= Yadav|first= Ram B.|year= 2008|publisher= Pinnacle Technology|location= Gurgaon|isbn= 978-81-7871-162-1|page= 305|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ovqab_L5IaAC&q=haryana}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• {{cite book|title= Haryana, a Historical Perspective|last= Mittal|first= Satish Chandra|year= 1986|publisher= Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|location= New Delhi|page= 183|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2RKTigrrP1cC&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Economic Development of Haryana|last1= Singh|first1= Mandeep|last2= Kaur|first2= Harvinder|year= 2004|publisher= Deep and Deep Publications|location= New Delhi|isbn= 81-7629-558-2|page= 234|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DmY55VLeW7gC&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Gandhiji and Haryana: A collection of his speeches and writings pertaining to Haryana|last= Gandhi|first= Mahatma|year= 1977|publisher= Usha Publications|page= 158|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KG0dAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Haryana, ancient and medieval|last= Phadke|first= H. A.|year= 1990|publisher= Harman Publishing House|isbn= 81-85151-34-2|page= 256|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HxlIAAAAIAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Social and economic change in Haryana|last= Singh|first= Chattar|year= 2004|publisher= National Book Organisation|isbn= 81-87521-10-4|page= 252|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=reTZAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Modern Haryana: History and culture, 1803–1966|last= Yadav|first= Kripal Chandra|year= 2002|publisher= Manohar Publishers & Distributors|isbn= 81-7304-371-X|page= 320|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=WmRuAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Formation of Haryana|last= Rai|first= Gulshan|year= 1987|publisher= B.R. Publishing Corporation|isbn= 81-7018-412-6|page= 223|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lGYeAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Buddhist remains from Haryana|last= Handa|first= Devendra|year= 2004|publisher= Sundeep Prakashan|isbn= 81-7574-153-8|page= 97|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=u1VuAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Haryana at a glance: Statistical overview & development indicators|year= 2007|publisher= Jagran Research Centre|page= 157|isbn= 9788186821428|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JdTsAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Early medieval art of Haryana|last= Singh|first= Chander Pal|year= 2003|publisher= Koshal Book Depot|isbn= 81-86049-07-X|page= 168|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=L7ifAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Sculptures from Haryana: Iconography and style|last= Handa|first= Devendra|year= 2006|publisher= Indian Institute of Advanced Study|isbn= 81-7305-307-3|page= 286|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dfDVAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Journal of Haryana Studies|year= 2008|publisher= Kurukshetra University|location= Kurukshetra|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aFVuAAAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book|title= Atlas of the birds of Delhi and Haryana|last1= Harvey|first1= Bill|last2= Harvey|first2= William|last3= Devasar|first3= Nikhil|last4= Grewal|first4= Bikram|author5= Oriental Bird Club|year= 2006|publisher= Rupa & Co.|isbn= 81-291-0954-9|page= 352|access-date= 11 July 2012|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2cQAQAAMAAJ&q=haryana}}
• {{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoRDAAAAYAAJ |title=Military History of India |publisher=Orient Longmans |year=1960 |pages=66–69 |isbn=9780861251551 }}

{{Refend}}

; Government

• [http://www.haryana.gov.in/ The Official Site of the Government of Haryana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184729/http://haryana.gov.in/ |date=3 March 2016 }}
• [http://haryanatourism.gov.in/ Official Tourism Site of Haryana, India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813100403/http://www.haryanatourism.gov.in/ |date=13 August 2013 }}
• [https://www.haryana.com Haryana Community website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703164928/https://haryana.com/ |date=3 July 2022 }}

; General information

• {{GovPubs|Haryana}}
• {{Britannica|256424|Haryana}}
• {{Wikiatlas|Haryana}}
• {{osmrelation-inline|1942601}}

{{subject bar|India|Geography|Asia|wikt=Haryana|auto=1}}

{{Haryana}}

{{States and Union Territories of India}}

{{Authority control}}

*

Category:1966 establishments in India

Category:Countries and territories where Hindi is an official language

Category:Punjabi-speaking countries and territories

Category:States and territories established in 1966

Category:States and union territories of India