January–March 2023 in science#1 March

This article lists a number of significant events in science that have occurred in the first quarter of 2023.

Events

=January=

3 January – Researchers report molecular mechanisms that appear to underlie some of the reported health benefits of periods of intermittent fasting: changes to gene expression or rhythmicity of ~80% of young male mouse genes in at least one tissue.{{cite news |title=Time-restricted eating may have anti-aging, anti-cancer effects |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/time-restricted-eating-may-have-anti-aging-anti-cancer-effects |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=Medical News Today |date=10 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121154452/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/time-restricted-eating-may-have-anti-aging-anti-cancer-effects |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Deota |first1=Shaunak |last2=Lin |first2=Terry |last3=Chaix |first3=Amandine |last4=Williams |first4=April |last5=Le |first5=Hiep |last6=Calligaro |first6=Hugo |last7=Ramasamy |first7=Ramesh |last8=Huang |first8=Ling |last9=Panda |first9=Satchidananda |title=Diurnal transcriptome landscape of a multi-tissue response to time-restricted feeding in mammals |journal=Cell Metabolism |date=3 January 2023 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=150–165.e4 |doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2022.12.006 |pmid=36599299 |pmc=10026518 |language=en |issn=1550-4131 |doi-access=free}}

File:Papers and patents are using narrower portions of existing knowledge.png study delivers various insights and theories about the growth, practices, and changes of science overall from citation analysis of a large corpus of scientific papers.]]

4 January – Metascientists introduce the 'CD index' intended to characterize "how papers and patents change networks of citations in science and technology" and report that it has declined, which they interpret as "slowing rates of disruption". They propose linking this to changes to three "use of previous knowledge"-indicators ("the diversity of work cited, mean number of self-citations and mean age of work cited") which they interpret as "contemporary discovery and invention" being informed by "a narrower scope of existing knowledge". The overall number of papers has risen while the total of "highly disruptive" papers hasn't. The 1998 discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe has a CD index of 0. Their results also suggest scientists and inventors "may be struggling to keep up with the pace of knowledge expansion".{{cite news |last1=Tejada |first1=Patricia Contreras |title=With fewer disruptive studies, is science becoming an echo chamber? |url=https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/with-fewer-disruptive-studies-is-science-becoming-an-echo-chamber/ |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=Advanced Science News |date=13 January 2023 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215233007/https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/with-fewer-disruptive-studies-is-science-becoming-an-echo-chamber/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Michael |last2=Leahey |first2=Erin |last3=Funk |first3=Russell J. |title=Papers and patents are becoming less disruptive over time |journal=Nature |date=January 2023 |volume=613 |issue=7942 |pages=138–144 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05543-x |pmid=36600070 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|arxiv=2106.11184|bibcode=2023Natur.613..138P |s2cid=255466666 }}
5 January
Scientists report the discovery of an unknown thin membrane meningeal layer in brain anatomy, the SLYM, that likely plays a role in CSF functions and is both a protective barrier and host of immune cells. It appears to be substantially involved in major brain diseases and brain aging that monitor the brain for infection and neuroinflammation.{{cite news |last1=Charuchandra |first1=Sukanya |title=Scientists discover a new protective layer in the brain |url=https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/scientists-discover-a-new-protective-layer-in-the-brain/ |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=Advanced Science News |date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130084439/https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/scientists-discover-a-new-protective-layer-in-the-brain/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |title=A mesothelium divides the subarachnoid space into functional compartments |journal=Science |year=2023 |volume=379 |doi=10.1126/science.adc8810 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366903551 |last1=Møllgård |first1=Kjeld |last2=Beinlich |first2=Felix R. M. |last3=Kusk |first3=Peter |last4=Miyakoshi |first4=Leo M. |last5=Delle |first5=Christine |last6=Plá |first6=Virginia |last7=Hauglund |first7=Natalie L. |last8=Esmail |first8=Tina |last9=Rasmussen |first9=Martin K. |last10=Gomolka |first10=Ryszard S. |last11=Mori |first11=Yuki |last12=Nedergaard |first12=Maiken |issue=6627 |pages=84–88 |pmid=36603070 |bibcode=2023Sci...379...84M |s2cid=255440992 }}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Newly discovered anatomy shields and monitors brain |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-01-newly-anatomy-shields-brain.html |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=University of Rochester Medical Center via medicalxpress.com |language=en |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107034340/https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-01-newly-anatomy-shields-brain.html |url-status=live }}
Archaeologists report that notational signs from ~37,000 years ago in caves, apparently conveying calendaric meaning about the behaviour of animal species drawn next to them, are the first known (proto-)writing in history.{{cite news |title=Mysterious marks on Ice Age cave art may have been ancient records |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/mysterious-marks-ice-age-cave-art |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=Science News |date=27 January 2023 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215212025/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/mysterious-marks-ice-age-cave-art |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Bacon |first1=Bennett |last2=Khatiri |first2=Azadeh |last3=Palmer |first3=James |last4=Freeth |first4=Tony |last5=Pettitt |first5=Paul |last6=Kentridge |first6=Robert |title=An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar |journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal |date=5 January 2023 |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1017/S0959774322000415 |s2cid=255723053 |language=en |issn=0959-7743}}
Progress in climate change mitigation implementation research:
A meta-analysis reports "required technology-level investment shifts for climate-relevant infrastructure until 2035" within the EU, which it finds to be "most drastic for power plants, electricity grids and rail infrastructure", ~€87 billion above the planned budgets and in need of sustainable finance policies.{{cite news |title=Studie sieht EU-weit 87 Milliarden Euro Mehrbedarf bei Erneuerbaren und E-Verkehr {{!}} MDR.DE |url=https://www.mdr.de/wissen/mehrbedarf-bei-erneuerbaren-und-e-verkehr100.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=www.mdr.de |language=de |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217124623/https://www.mdr.de/wissen/mehrbedarf-bei-erneuerbaren-und-e-verkehr100.html |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Klaaßen |first1=Lena |last2=Steffen |first2=Bjarne |title=Meta-analysis on necessary investment shifts to reach net zero pathways in Europe |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=January 2023 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=58–66 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01549-5 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13...58K |hdl=20.500.11850/594937 |s2cid=255624692 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366902888 |language=en |issn=1758-6798 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free }}
Expert reviews of the study: {{cite web |title=Notwendige Investitionen auf dem Weg zu Netto-Null-Emissionen |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/notwendige-investitionen-auf-dem-weg-zu-netto-null-emissionen/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=17 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217124622/https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/research-in-context/details/news/notwendige-investitionen-auf-dem-weg-zu-netto-null-emissionen/ |url-status=live }}
A study (12 Jan) suggests that applying the principle of extended producer responsibility to fossil fuels could deconflict energy security and climate policy at an affordable cost, in particular authors suggest the responsibility could be used to establish the financing of {{CO2}} storage and nature-based solutions.{{cite news |last1=Harvey |first1=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |title=Fossil fuel producers must be forced to 'take back' carbon, say scientists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/12/fossil-fuel-producers-must-be-forced-to-take-back-carbon-say-scientists |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=12 January 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217005944/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/12/fossil-fuel-producers-must-be-forced-to-take-back-carbon-say-scientists |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Jenkins |first1=Stuart |last2=Kuijper |first2=Margriet |last3=Helferty |first3=Hugh |last4=Girardin |first4=Cécile |last5=Allen |first5=Myles |title=Extended producer responsibility for fossil fuels |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=1 January 2023 |volume=18 |issue=1 |page=011005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aca4e8 |bibcode=2023ERL....18a1005J |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}
A study (30 Jan) outlines challenges of aviation decarbonization by 2050 whose identified factors mainly are future demand, continuous efficiency improvements, new short-haul engines, higher SAF (biofuel) production, {{CO2}} removal to compensate for non-{{CO2}} forcing, and related policy-options. With constant air transport demand and aircraft efficiency, decarbonizing aviation would require nearly five times the 2019 worldwide biofuel production, competing with other hard-to-decarbonize sectors and land-use (or food security).{{cite journal |last1=Bergero |first1=Candelaria |display-authors= etal |title=Pathways to net-zero emissions from aviation |journal= Nature Sustainability |date=30 January 2023 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=404–414 |doi=10.1038/s41893-022-01046-9 |bibcode=2023NatSu...6..404B |s2cid=256449498 }}
News article about the study: {{cite news |last1=Calma |first1=Justine |title=We can't afford to offset our aviation emissions |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/31/23579475/aviation-emissions-cost-carbon-offsets-climate-change |work=The Verge |date=31 January 2023}}

File:Lascaux 04 (with_circle).jpg in caves, apparently conveying calendaric meaning about the behaviour of animal species drawn next to them, are the first known (proto-)writing in history.]]

6 January
An international collaboration shows that hidden marine heatwaves, associated with ocean eddies that modulate undersea internal waves, threaten coastal ecosystems by driving unexpected sub-surface heating and severe coral bleaching and mortality across depths.{{Cite journal |last1=Wyatt |first1=Alex S. J. |last2=Leichter |first2=James J. |last3=Washburn |first3=Libe |last4=Kui |first4=Li |last5=Edmunds |first5=Peter J. |last6=Burgess |first6=Scott C. |date=2023-01-06 |title=Hidden heatwaves and severe coral bleaching linked to mesoscale eddies and thermocline dynamics |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=25 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35550-5 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=9822911 |pmid=36609386|bibcode=2023NatCo..14...25W }}{{additional citation needed|date=February 2023}}
News outlets report on a brief meta-analysis (21 Dec 2022) that confirms gas stoves are a major risk factor for asthma and updates effect-size estimates, finding around one in eight cases in the U.S. could be attributed to these.{{cite news |last1=Milman |first1=Oliver |title=One in eight cases of asthma in US kids caused by gas stove pollution – study |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/06/us-kids-asthma-gas-stove-pollution |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=6 January 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217010012/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/06/us-kids-asthma-gas-stove-pollution |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Gruenwald |first1=Talor |last2=Seals |first2=Brady A. |last3=Knibbs |first3=Luke D. |last4=Hosgood |first4=H. Dean |title=Population Attributable Fraction of Gas Stoves and Childhood Asthma in the United States |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |date=January 2023 |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=75 |doi=10.3390/ijerph20010075 |pmid=36612391 |pmc=9819315 |language=en |issn=1660-4601 |doi-access=free }}
9 January
A study suggests logged and structurally degraded (South Asian) tropical forests are carbon sources for at least a decade – even when recovering{{clarify|date=February 2023|reason=does this include reforestation like the news article suggests?}} – due to larger carbon losses from soil organic matter and deadwood, indicating the tropical forest carbon sink "may be much smaller than previously estimated".{{cite news |title=Nachwachsender Regenwald gibt mehr {{CO2}} frei, als er bindet |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000142385381/nachwachsender-regenwald-gibt-mehr-co2-frei-als-er-bindet |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=DER STANDARD |language=de-AT |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215201953/https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000142385381/nachwachsender-regenwald-gibt-mehr-co2-frei-als-er-bindet |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Mills |first1=Maria B. |last2=Malhi |first2=Yadvinder |last3=Ewers |first3=Robert M. |last4=Kho |first4=Lip Khoon |last5=Teh |first5=Yit Arn |last6=Both |first6=Sabine |last7=Burslem |first7=David F. R. P. |last8=Majalap |first8=Noreen |last9=Nilus |first9=Reuben |last10=Huaraca Huasco |first10=Walter |last11=Cruz |first11=Rudi |last12=Pillco |first12=Milenka M. |last13=Turner |first13=Edgar C. |last14=Reynolds |first14=Glen |last15=Riutta |first15=Terhi |title=Tropical forests post-logging are a persistent net carbon source to the atmosphere |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=17 January 2023 |volume=120 |issue=3 |pages=e2214462120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2214462120 |pmid=36623189 |pmc=9934015 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12014462M |language=en |issn=0027-8424 |doi-access=free}}
Researchers demonstrate an open-brain surgery-free brain implant, Stentrode, that can record brain activity from a nearby blood vessel, showing it can be used to operate a computer.{{cite news |last1=Lanese |first1=Nicoletta |title=New 'thought-controlled' device reads brain activity through the jugular |url=https://www.livescience.com/brain-computer-interface-through-vein-safety |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=livescience.com |date=12 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216220922/https://www.livescience.com/brain-computer-interface-through-vein-safety |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Mitchell |first1=Peter |last2=Lee |first2=Sarah C. M. |last3=Yoo |first3=Peter E. |last4=Morokoff |first4=Andrew |last5=Sharma |first5=Rahul P. |last6=Williams |first6=Daryl L. |last7=MacIsaac |first7=Christopher |last8=Howard |first8=Mark E. |last9=Irving |first9=Lou |last10=Vrljic |first10=Ivan |last11=Williams |first11=Cameron |last12=Bush |first12=Steven |last13=Balabanski |first13=Anna H. |last14=Drummond |first14=Katharine J. |last15=Desmond |first15=Patricia |last16=Weber |first16=Douglas |last17=Denison |first17=Timothy |last18=Mathers |first18=Susan |last19=O'Brien |first19=Terence J. |last20=Mocco |first20=J. |last21=Grayden |first21=David B. |last22=Liebeskind |first22=David S. |last23=Opie |first23=Nicholas L. |last24=Oxley |first24=Thomas J. |last25=Campbell |first25=Bruce C. V. |title=Assessment of Safety of a Fully Implanted Endovascular Brain-Computer Interface for Severe Paralysis in 4 Patients: The Stentrode With Thought-Controlled Digital Switch (SWITCH) Study |journal=JAMA Neurology |date=9 January 2023 |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=270–278 |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4847 |pmid=36622685 |pmc=9857731 |s2cid=255545643 |issn=2168-6149}}
10 January
A second potentially Earth-like planet in the TOI 700 system is reported using data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).{{cite news |title=NASA's TESS Discovers Planetary System's Second Earth-Size World |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-tess-discovers-planetary-systems-second-earth-size-world |date=10 January 2023 |work=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110204826/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-tess-discovers-planetary-systems-second-earth-size-world |url-status=live }}
The long-term impact of biodiversity loss in Madagascar is modelled, suggesting that recovery from extinctions could take as long as 23 million years.{{cite news |title=Biodiversity: Rising tide of extinctions on Madagascar |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64210787 |date=10 January 2023 |work=BBC News |access-date=11 January 2023 |archive-date=10 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110192509/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64210787 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Michielsen |first1=Nathan M. |last2=Goodman |first2=Steven M. |last3=Soarimalala |first3=Voahangy |last4=van der Geer |first4=Alexandra A. E. |last5=Dávalos |first5=Liliana M. |last6=Saville |first6=Grace I. |last7=Upham |first7=Nathan |last8=Valente |first8=Luis |title=The macroevolutionary impact of recent and imminent mammal extinctions on Madagascar |journal=Nature Communications |date=10 January 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=14 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35215-3 |pmid=36627274 |pmc=9832013 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14...14M |language=en |issn=2041-1723 |doi-access=free}}
Cyclic sighing is found to be effective in reducing anxiety, negative mood and stress, and more so than mindfulness meditation.{{cite news |last1=Gulzar |first1=Ayesha |title=This 5-minute breathing technique can reduce anxiety and stress |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/cycling-sighing-breathing-technique |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=13 February 2023 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215183929/https://interestingengineering.com/health/cycling-sighing-breathing-technique |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Balban |first1=Melis Yilmaz |last2=Neri |first2=Eric |last3=Kogon |first3=Manuela M. |last4=Weed |first4=Lara |last5=Nouriani |first5=Bita |last6=Jo |first6=Booil |last7=Holl |first7=Gary |last8=Zeitzer |first8=Jamie M. |last9=Spiegel |first9=David |last10=Huberman |first10=Andrew D. |title=Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=17 January 2023 |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=100895 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100895 |pmid=36630953 |pmc=9873947 |language=en |issn=2666-3791}}
11 January
NASA scientists report the discovery of LHS 475 b, an Earth-like exoplanet – and the first exoplanet observed by the James Webb Space Telescope.{{cite news |last=Chow |first=Denise |title=James Webb Telescope finds its first exoplanet - The planet is almost the same size as Earth, according to a research team led by astronomers at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/james-webb-telescope-finds-first-exoplanet-rcna65374 |date=11 January 2023 |work=NBC News |access-date=12 January 2023 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111233924/https://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/james-webb-telescope-finds-first-exoplanet-rcna65374 |url-status=live }}
NASA publishes images of a debris disk surrounding the red dwarf AU Mic, taken by the James Webb Space Telescope, capturing details as close to the star as 5 astronomical units (~750 million km) – the equivalent of Jupiter's orbit in the Solar System.{{cite news |title=New Webb Image Reveals Dusty Disk Like Never Seen Before |url=https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2023/news-2023-103.html |date=11 January 2023 |work=Space Telescope Science Institute |access-date=18 January 2023 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119162035/https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2023/news-2023-103.html |url-status=live }}
Teleportation of energy is demonstrated for the first time by researchers using an IBM quantum computer.{{cite news |title=First Demonstration of Energy Teleportation |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/first-demonstration-of-energy-teleportation |date=16 January 2023 |work=Discover Magazine |access-date=18 January 2023 |archive-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117211914/https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/first-demonstration-of-energy-teleportation |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Ikeda |first1=Kazuki |title=Demonstration of Quantum Energy Teleportation on Superconducting Quantum Hardware |journal=Physical Review Applied |date=27 January 2023 |volume=20 |issue=2 |page=024051 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevApplied.20.024051 |arxiv=2301.02666 |bibcode=2023PhRvP..20b4051I |s2cid=256389899 }}
Cellular bioengineers report the development of nonreplicating bacterial 'cyborg cells' (similar to artificial cells) using a novel approach, assembling a synthetic hydrogel polymer network as an artificial cytoskeleton inside the bacteria. The cells can resist stressors that would kill natural cells and e.g. invade cancer cells or potentially act as biosensors.{{cite news |last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=Semi-living 'cyborg cells' could treat cancer, suggests new study |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/semi-living-cyborg-cells-treat-cancer |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=Interesting Engineering |date=1 February 2023 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215185036/https://interestingengineering.com/health/semi-living-cyborg-cells-treat-cancer |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Contreras-Llano |first1=Luis E. |last2=Liu |first2=Yu-Han |last3=Henson |first3=Tanner |last4=Meyer |first4=Conary C. |last5=Baghdasaryan |first5=Ofelya |last6=Khan |first6=Shahid |last7=Lin |first7=Chi-Long |last8=Wang |first8=Aijun |last9=Hu |first9=Che-Ming J. |last10=Tan |first10=Cheemeng |title=Engineering Cyborg Bacteria Through Intracellular Hydrogelation |journal=Advanced Science |date=11 January 2023 |volume=10 |issue=9 |page=2204175 |doi=10.1002/advs.202204175 |pmid=36628538 |pmc=10037956 |language=en |issn=2198-3844 |doi-access=free}}
The White House and federal agencies in the U.S. (a major source region of scientific work globally) declare the Year of Open Science, listing several actions towards open science.{{cite journal |last1=Gentemann |first1=Chelle |title=Why NASA and federal agencies are declaring this the Year of Open Science |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00019-y |access-date=17 February 2023 |journal=Nature |date=11 January 2023 |volume=613 |issue=7943 |page=217 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-00019-y |pmid=36631654 |bibcode=2023Natur.613..217G |s2cid=255747850 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217164859/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00019-y |url-status=live }} The science policy "Framework for Federal Scientific Integrity Policy and Practice" issued by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy a day later is criticized as a "gag order" on scientists by PEER in an open letter (30 Jan).{{cite news |last1=Perkins |first1=Tom |title=Biden administration's rule for federal scientists is a 'gag order', critics say |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/10/biden-federal-science-research-rule-gag-order |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=10 February 2023 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216135124/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/10/biden-federal-science-research-rule-gag-order |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last1=Sargent |first1=Susan |title=OSTP Slips Gag Rule into Model Scientific Integrity Policy |url=https://peer.org/ostp-slips-gag-rule-into-model-scientific-integrity-policy/ |website=PEER.org |access-date=17 February 2023 |date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216201858/https://peer.org/ostp-slips-gag-rule-into-model-scientific-integrity-policy/ |url-status=live }}

File:Hiv gross.pnges in the human genomes can become awakened from dormant states and contribute to aging which can be blocked by neutralizing antibodies.]]

12 January
Progress in life extension research:
A team led by David Sinclair shows how DNA breaks are a major driver of epigenetic change, and how the loss of epigenetic information is a cause of aging in mammals. Using a treatment based on Yamanaka factors, they demonstrate an ability to drive aging in both the forward and reverse directions in mice.{{cite news |title=Old mice grow young again in study. Can people do the same? |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/12/health/reversing-aging-scn-wellness/index.html |date=13 January 2023 |work=CNN |access-date=13 January 2023 |archive-date=13 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113000736/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/12/health/reversing-aging-scn-wellness/index.html |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Jae-Hyun |last2=Hayano |first2=Motoshi |last3=Griffin |first3=Patrick T. |last4=Amorim |first4=João A. |last5=Bonkowski |first5=Michael S. |last6=Apostolides |first6=John K. |last7=Salfati |first7=Elias L. |last8=Blanchette |first8=Marco |last9=Munding |first9=Elizabeth M. |last10=Bhakta |first10=Mital |last11=Chew |first11=Yap Ching |last12=Guo |first12=Wei |last13=Yang |first13=Xiaojing |last14=Maybury-Lewis |first14=Sun |last15=Tian |first15=Xiao |last16=Ross |first16=Jaime M. |last17=Coppotelli |first17=Giuseppe |last18=Meer |first18=Margarita V. |last19=Rogers-Hammond |first19=Ryan |last20=Vera |first20=Daniel L. |last21=Lu |first21=Yuancheng Ryan |last22=Pippin |first22=Jeffrey W. |last23=Creswell |first23=Michael L. |last24=Dou |first24=Zhixun |last25=Xu |first25=Caiyue |last26=Mitchell |first26=Sarah J. |last27=Das |first27=Abhirup |last28=O'Connell |first28=Brendan L. |last29=Thakur |first29=Sachin |last30=Kane |first30=Alice E. |last31=Su |first31=Qiao |last32=Mohri |first32=Yasuaki |last33=Nishimura |first33=Emi K. |last34=Schaevitz |first34=Laura |last35=Garg |first35=Neha |last36=Balta |first36=Ana-Maria |last37=Rego |first37=Meghan A. |last38=Gregory-Ksander |first38=Meredith |last39=Jakobs |first39=Tatjana C. |last40=Zhong |first40=Lei |last41=Wakimoto |first41=Hiroko |last42=Andari |first42=Jihad El |last43=Grimm |first43=Dirk |last44=Mostoslavsky |first44=Raul |last45=Wagers |first45=Amy J. |last46=Tsubota |first46=Kazuo |last47=Bonasera |first47=Stephen J. |last48=Palmeira |first48=Carlos M. |last49=Seidman |first49=Jonathan G. |last50=Seidman |first50=Christine E. |last51=Wolf |first51=Norman S. |last52=Kreiling |first52=Jill A. |last53=Sedivy |first53=John M. |last54=Murphy |first54=George F. |last55=Green |first55=Richard E. |last56=Garcia |first56=Benjamin A. |last57=Berger |first57=Shelley L. |last58=Oberdoerffer |first58=Philipp |last59=Shankland |first59=Stuart J. |last60=Gladyshev |first60=Vadim N. |last61=Ksander |first61=Bruce R. |last62=Pfenning |first62=Andreas R. |last63=Rajman |first63=Luis A. |last64=Sinclair |first64=David A. |title=Loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging |journal=Cell |date=19 January 2023 |volume=186 |issue=2 |pages=305–326.e27 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.027 |pmid=36638792 |pmc=10166133 |language=en |issn=0092-8674}}
In a review, the authors of a heavily cited paper on the hallmarks of aging update the set of proposed hallmarks after a decade (3 Jan).{{cite news |title=New research extensively explores 12 distinctive aging traits |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230105/New-research-extensively-explores-12-distinctive-aging-traits.aspx |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=News-Medical.net |date=5 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217232034/https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230105/New-research-extensively-explores-12-distinctive-aging-traits.aspx |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=López-Otín |first1=Carlos |last2=Blasco |first2=Maria A. |last3=Partridge |first3=Linda |last4=Serrano |first4=Manuel |last5=Kroemer |first5=Guido |title=Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe |journal=Cell |date=19 January 2023 |volume=186 |issue=2 |pages=243–278 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001 |pmid=36599349 |s2cid=255394876 |language=en |issn=0092-8674 |doi-access=free }} On the same day, a review with overlapping authors merge or link various hallmarks of cancer with those of aging.{{cite journal |last1=López-Otín |first1=Carlos |last2=Pietrocola |first2=Federico |last3=Roiz-Valle |first3=David |last4=Galluzzi |first4=Lorenzo |last5=Kroemer |first5=Guido |title=Meta-hallmarks of aging and cancer |journal=Cell Metabolism |date=3 January 2023 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=12–35 |doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.001 |pmid=36599298 |s2cid=255465457 |language=en |issn=1550-4131 |doi-access=free }}{{additional citation needed|date=February 2023}}
A study reports the development of deep learning software using anatomic magnetic resonance images to estimate brain age with the highest accuracy for AI so far, including detecting early signs of Alzheimer's disease and varying neuroanatomical patterns of neurological aging (3 Jan).{{cite news |title=KI kann wahres Alter des Hirns bestimmen |url=https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten/alterungsprozess-ki-kann-wahres-alter-des-hirns-bestimmen |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=Deutschlandfunk Nova |language=de |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217232037/https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten/alterungsprozess-ki-kann-wahres-alter-des-hirns-bestimmen |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Yin |first1=Chenzhong |last2=Imms |first2=Phoebe |last3=Cheng |first3=Mingxi |display-authors=et al. |title=Anatomically interpretable deep learning of brain age captures domain-specific cognitive impairment |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=10 January 2023 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=e2214634120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2214634120 |doi-access=free |pmid=36595679 |pmc=9926270 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12014634Y |language=en |issn=0027-8424 }}
University press release: {{cite news |title=How old is your brain, really? AI-powered analysis accurately reflects risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-01-brain-ai-powered-analysis-accurately-cognitive.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=University of Southern California via medicalxpress.com |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217232042/https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-01-brain-ai-powered-analysis-accurately-cognitive.html |url-status=live }}
In a preprint, another team of researchers reports the use of reprogramming to modestly extend the lifespan in elderly mice. However, if it was also applicable to humans, risks reportedly may include the formation of cancer (5 Jan).{{cite news |title=Two research teams reverse signs of aging in mice |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/two-research-teams-reverse-signs-aging-mice |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=Science |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214194501/https://www.science.org/content/article/two-research-teams-reverse-signs-aging-mice |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=This biotech startup says mice live longer after genetic reprogramming |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/01/09/1066488/biotech-says-mice-live-longer-after-genetic-reprogramming/ |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=MIT Technology Review |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217232034/https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/01/09/1066488/biotech-says-mice-live-longer-after-genetic-reprogramming/ |url-status=live }}{{cite bioRxiv |last1=Macip |first1=Carolina Cano |last2=Hasan |first2=Rokib |last3=Hoznek |first3=Victoria |last4=Kim |first4=Jihyun |last5=Metzger |first5=Louis E. |last6=Sethna |first6=Saumil |last7=Davidsohn |first7=Noah |title=Gene Therapy Mediated Partial Reprogramming Extends Lifespan and Reverses Age-Related Changes in Aged Mice |language=en |biorxiv=10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 |date=27 January 2023}}
A study concludes that retroviruses in the human genomes (endogenous) can become awakened from dormant states and contribute to aging which can be blocked by neutralizing antibodies (6 Jan).{{cite news |title=Aging and Retroviruses |url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/aging-and-retroviruses |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=Science |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217232037/https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/aging-and-retroviruses |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Xiaoqian |last2=Liu |first2=Zunpeng |last3=Wu |first3=Zeming |last4=Ren |first4=Jie |last5=Fan |first5=Yanling |last6=Sun |first6=Liang |last7=Cao |first7=Gang |last8=Niu |first8=Yuyu |last9=Zhang |first9=Baohu |last10=Ji |first10=Qianzhao |last11=Jiang |first11=Xiaoyu |last12=Wang |first12=Cui |last13=Wang |first13=Qiaoran |last14=Ji |first14=Zhejun |last15=Li |first15=Lanzhu |last16=Esteban |first16=Concepcion Rodriguez |last17=Yan |first17=Kaowen |last18=Li |first18=Wei |last19=Cai |first19=Yusheng |last20=Wang |first20=Si |last21=Zheng |first21=Aihua |last22=Zhang |first22=Yong E. |last23=Tan |first23=Shengjun |last24=Cai |first24=Yingao |last25=Song |first25=Moshi |last26=Lu |first26=Falong |last27=Tang |first27=Fuchou |last28=Ji |first28=Weizhi |last29=Zhou |first29=Qi |last30=Belmonte |first30=Juan Carlos Izpisua |last31=Zhang |first31=Weiqi |last32=Qu |first32=Jing |last33=Liu |first33=Guang-Hui |title=Resurrection of endogenous retroviruses during aging reinforces senescence |journal=Cell |date=19 January 2023 |volume=186 |issue=2 |pages=287–304.e26 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.017 |pmid=36610399 |s2cid=232060038 |language=en |issn=0092-8674 |doi-access=free }}
A study reports large reductions of snow cover in the Alps, emphasizing climate change adaptation needs due to their impacts on the climate and socio-economic activities.{{cite news |last1=Perrone |first1=Alessio |title=Cacti replacing snow on Swiss mountainsides due to global heating |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/10/cacti-replacing-snow-on-swiss-mountainsides-due-to-global-heating |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=10 February 2023 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214232331/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/10/cacti-replacing-snow-on-swiss-mountainsides-due-to-global-heating |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Carrer |first1=Marco |last2=Dibona |first2=Raffaella |last3=Prendin |first3=Angela Luisa |last4=Brunetti |first4=Michele |title=Recent waning snowpack in the Alps is unprecedented in the last six centuries |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=February 2023 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=155–160 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01575-3 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13..155C |language=en |issn=1758-6798 |doi-access=free|hdl=11577/3477269 |hdl-access=free }}
13 January – A study of ancient DNA supports or confirms{{cite journal |last1=Barreiro |first1=Luis B. |last2=Quintana-Murci |first2=Lluís |title=From evolutionary genetics to human immunology: how selection shapes host defence genes |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |date=January 2010 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=17–30 |doi=10.1038/nrg2698 |pmid=19953080 |s2cid=15705508 |language=en |issn=1471-0064}} that recent human evolution to resist infection of pathogens also increased inflammatory disease risk in post-Neolithic Europeans over the last 10,000 years, estimating nature, strength, and time of onset of selections.{{cite journal |last1=Kerner |first1=Gaspard |last2=Neehus |first2=Anna-Lena |last3=Philippot |first3=Quentin |last4=Bohlen |first4=Jonathan |last5=Rinchai |first5=Darawan |last6=Kerrouche |first6=Nacim |last7=Puel |first7=Anne |last8=Zhang |first8=Shen-Ying |last9=Boisson-Dupuis |first9=Stéphanie |last10=Abel |first10=Laurent |last11=Casanova |first11=Jean-Laurent |last12=Patin |first12=Etienne |last13=Laval |first13=Guillaume |last14=Quintana-Murci |first14=Lluis |title=Genetic adaptation to pathogens and increased risk of inflammatory disorders in post-Neolithic Europe |journal=Cell Genomics |date=8 February 2023 |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=100248 |doi=10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100248 |pmid=36819665 |pmc=9932995 |s2cid=250341156 |language=en |issn=2666-979X}}{{additional citation needed|date=February 2023}}
16 January
NASA announces preliminary considerations of several future space telescope programs, including the Great Observatory Technology Maturation Program (GOMAP), Habitable Worlds Observatory and New Great Observatories.{{cite news |last=Foust |first=Jeff |title=NASA prepares next steps in development of future large space telescope |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-prepares-next-steps-in-development-of-future-large-space-telescope/ |date=16 January 2023 |work=SpaceNews |access-date=24 January 2023 |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219164647/https://spacenews.com/nasa-prepares-next-steps-in-development-of-future-large-space-telescope/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=O'Callaghan |first=Jonthan |title=JWST Heralds a New Dawn for Exoplanet Science - The James Webb Space Telescope is opening an exciting new chapter in the study of exoplanets and the search for life beyond Earth |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/jwst-heralds-a-new-dawn-for-exoplanet-science/ |date=23 January 2023 |work=Scientific American |access-date=24 January 2023 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124021720/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/jwst-heralds-a-new-dawn-for-exoplanet-science/ |url-status=live }}
Researchers for the first time demonstrate redirection of lightning with lasers.{{cite news |title=A powerful laser can redirect lightning strikes |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/laser-lightning-rod-electricity |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=Science News |date=16 January 2023 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124035804/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/laser-lightning-rod-electricity |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Houard |first1=Aurélien |last2=Walch |first2=Pierre |last3=Produit |first3=Thomas |display-authors=et al. |title=Laser-guided lightning |journal=Nature Photonics |date=16 January 2023 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=231–235 |doi=10.1038/s41566-022-01139-z |pmid=36909208 |pmc=9988683 |arxiv=2207.03769 |bibcode=2023NaPho..17..231H |language=en |issn=1749-4893 |doi-access=free}}
17 January
Promising results of therapeutic candidates are reported:
a third phase 3-trialed RSV vaccine candidate,{{cite news |last1=Wingrove |first1=Patrick |last2=Leo |first2=Leroy |title=Moderna says RSV vaccine 84% effective at preventing symptoms in older adults |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/moderna-says-rsv-vaccine-84-effective-preventing-symptoms-older-adults-2023-01-17/ |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=Reuters |date=17 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217161808/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/moderna-says-rsv-vaccine-84-effective-preventing-symptoms-older-adults-2023-01-17/ |url-status=live }} a prebiotic fibre formula against type 2 diabetes (3 Jan),{{cite news |title=Study: Prebiotic fiber shows promise for Type 2 diabetes support |url=https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2023/02/02/prebiotic-fiber-shows-promise-for-diabetes-support |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=foodnavigator-usa.com |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219164648/https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2023/02/02/prebiotic-fiber-shows-promise-for-diabetes-support |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Frias |first1=Juan P. |last2=Lee |first2=Martin L. |last3=Carter |first3=Matthew M. |last4=Ebel |first4=Emily R. |last5=Lai |first5=Ren-Hau |last6=Rikse |first6=Lars |last7=Washington |first7=Marc E. |last8=Sonnenburg |first8=Justin L. |last9=Damman |first9=Christopher J. |title=A microbiome-targeting fibre-enriched nutritional formula is well tolerated and improves quality of life and haemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial |journal=Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism |date=23 January 2023 |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=1203–1212 |doi=10.1111/dom.14967 |pmid=36594522 |s2cid=251388955 |language=en |issn=1462-8902|doi-access=free }} a bifunctional therapeutic and vaccine against brain cancer (4 Jan),{{cite news |title=Brain cancer vaccine that 'turns cells into killers' being developed |url=https://news.sky.com/story/brain-cancer-vaccine-that-turns-cells-into-killers-being-developed-12779773 |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=Sky News |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216124335/https://news.sky.com/story/brain-cancer-vaccine-that-turns-cells-into-killers-being-developed-12779773 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Kok-Siong |last2=Reinshagen |first2=Clemens |last3=Van Schaik |first3=Thijs A. |last4=Rossignoli |first4=Filippo |last5=Borges |first5=Paulo |last6=Mendonca |first6=Natalia Claire |last7=Abdi |first7=Reza |last8=Simon |first8=Brennan |last9=Reardon |first9=David A. |last10=Wakimoto |first10=Hiroaki |last11=Shah |first11=Khalid |title=Bifunctional cancer cell–based vaccine concomitantly drives direct tumor killing and antitumor immunity |journal=Science Translational Medicine |date=4 January 2023 |volume=15 |issue=677 |pages=eabo4778 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.abo4778 |pmid=36599004 |pmc=10068810 |s2cid=255416438 |language=en |issn=1946-6234 }} a phase 2-trialed probiotic against S. aureus infection (13 Jan),{{cite web |title=Probiotic Markedly Reduces S. aureus Colonization in Phase 2 Trial {{!}} NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/probiotic-markedly-reduces-s-aureus-colonization-phase-2-trial |website=www.niaid.nih.gov |date=17 January 2023 |access-date=17 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217161808/https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/probiotic-markedly-reduces-s-aureus-colonization-phase-2-trial |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Piewngam |first1=Pipat |last2=Khongthong |first2=Sunisa |last3=Roekngam |first3=Natthrit |last4=Theapparat |first4=Yongyuth |last5=Sunpaweravong |first5=Somkiat |last6=Faroongsarng |first6=Damrongsak |last7=Otto |first7=Michael |title=Probiotic for pathogen-specific Staphylococcus aureus decolonisation in Thailand: a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial |journal=The Lancet Microbe |date=1 February 2023 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=e75–e83 |doi=10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00322-6 |pmid=36646104 |pmc=9932624 |language=en |issn=2666-5247}} the mice gene therapy-tested LAV-BPIFB4 protein (or this gene in gene therapy) against heart aging (13 Jan),{{cite journal |last1=Cattaneo |first1=Monica |last2=Beltrami |first2=Antonio P |last3=Thomas |first3=Anita C |last4=Spinetti |first4=Gaia |last5=Alvino |first5=Valeria Vincenza |last6=Avolio |first6=Elisa |last7=Veneziano |first7=Claudia |last8=Rolle |first8=Irene Giulia |last9=Sponga |first9=Sandro |last10=Sangalli |first10=Elena |last11=Maciag |first11=Anna |last12=Dal Piaz |first12=Fabrizio |last13=Vecchione |first13=Carmine |last14=Alenezi |first14=Aishah |last15=Paisey |first15=Stephen |last16=Puca |first16=Annibale A |last17=Madeddu |first17=Paolo |title=The longevity-associated BPIFB4 gene supports cardiac function and vascularization in ageing cardiomyopathy |journal=Cardiovascular Research |date=13 January 2023 |volume=119 |issue=7 |pages=1583–1595 |doi=10.1093/cvr/cvad008 |pmid=36635236 |pmc=10318395 |doi-access=free}} mice-tested in-use anakinra (or blockade of its target IL-1β) against haematopoietic blood aging (17 Jan),{{cite news |last1=Theresa |first1=Deena |title='Young blood' transfusions found to reverse aging in mice |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/young-blood-transfusion-reverse-aging-mice |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=Interesting Engineering |date=6 February 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217161814/https://interestingengineering.com/science/young-blood-transfusion-reverse-aging-mice |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Mitchell |first1=Carl A. |last2=Verovskaya |first2=Evgenia V. |last3=Calero-Nieto |first3=Fernando J. |last4=Olson |first4=Oakley C. |last5=Swann |first5=James W. |last6=Wang |first6=Xiaonan |last7=Hérault |first7=Aurélie |last8=Dellorusso |first8=Paul V. |last9=Zhang |first9=Si Yi |last10=Svendsen |first10=Arthur Flohr |last11=Pietras |first11=Eric M. |last12=Bakker |first12=Sietske T. |last13=Ho |first13=Theodore T. |last14=Göttgens |first14=Berthold |last15=Passegué |first15=Emmanuelle |title=Stromal niche inflammation mediated by IL-1 signalling is a targetable driver of haematopoietic ageing |journal=Nature Cell Biology |date=January 2023 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=30–41 |doi=10.1038/s41556-022-01053-0 |pmid=36650381 |pmc=7614279 |s2cid=255973042 |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/344450/Accepted%20Mitchell%20et%20al.%20NCB%20%28no%20figures%29.pdf?sequence=2 |language=en |issn=1476-4679 |access-date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219164647/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/344450/Accepted%20Mitchell%20et%20al.%20NCB%20%28no%20figures%29.pdf?sequence=2 |url-status=live }} mice-tested phase 2-scheduled IkT-148009 against Parkinson's disease (18 Jan),{{cite news |last1=Wexler |first1=Marisa |title=FDA Lifts Hold on IkT-148009; Parkinson's Trial to Resume Soon |url=https://parkinsonsnewstoday.com/news/fda-lifts-hold-ikt-148009-parkinsons-trial-resume-soon/ |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=Parkinson's News Today |date=26 January 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217161808/https://parkinsonsnewstoday.com/news/fda-lifts-hold-ikt-148009-parkinsons-trial-resume-soon/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Karuppagounder |first1=Senthilkumar S. |last2=Wang |first2=Hu |last3=Kelly |first3=Terence |last4=Rush |first4=Roger |last5=Nguyen |first5=Richard |last6=Bisen |first6=Shivani |last7=Yamashita |first7=Yoko |last8=Sloan |first8=Nicholas |last9=Dang |first9=Brianna |last10=Sigmon |first10=Alexander |last11=Lee |first11=Hyeun Woo |last12=Marino Lee |first12=Shirley |last13=Watkins |first13=Leslie |last14=Kim |first14=Erica |last15=Brahmachari |first15=Saurav |last16=Kumar |first16=Manoj |last17=Werner |first17=Milton H. |last18=Dawson |first18=Ted M. |last19=Dawson |first19=Valina L. |title=The c-Abl inhibitor IkT-148009 suppresses neurodegeneration in mouse models of heritable and sporadic Parkinson's disease |journal=Science Translational Medicine |date=18 January 2023 |volume=15 |issue=679 |pages=eabp9352 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9352 |pmid=36652533 |s2cid=255966485 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9352 |language=en |issn=1946-6234 |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217161807/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9352 |url-status=live }} C. elegans-tested in-use rilmenidine as a CRM against aging (20 Jan).{{cite news |title=Hypertension drug yields anti-aging benefits in animal models |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/could-a-drug-for-high-blood-pressure-help-slow-aging |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=www.medicalnewstoday.com |date=30 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217161809/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/could-a-drug-for-high-blood-pressure-help-slow-aging |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Bennett |first1=Dominic F. |last2=Goyala |first2=Anita |last3=Statzer |first3=Cyril |last4=Beckett |first4=Charles W. |last5=Tyshkovskiy |first5=Alexander |last6=Gladyshev |first6=Vadim N. |last7=Ewald |first7=Collin Y. |last8=de Magalhães |first8=João Pedro |title=Rilmenidine extends lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans via a nischarin I1 -imidazoline receptor |journal=Aging Cell |date=February 2023 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=e13774 |doi=10.1111/acel.13774 |pmid=36670049 |pmc=9924948 |language=en |issn=1474-9718 |doi-access=free }}
18 January
News outlets report on an investigation and a set of recent studies that indicate that carbon emission reductions from projects launched to earn carbon-offset credits have been vastly overstated to the extent that ~90% of rainforest offset credits of the Verified Carbon Standard are called likely to be "phantom credits".{{cite news |last1=Greenfield |first1=Patrick |title=Revealed: more than 90% of rainforest carbon offsets by biggest certifier are worthless, analysis shows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/18/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=18 January 2023 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214230413/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/18/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe |url-status=live }}
A metagenomic analysis provides data and insights into microbial sharing between individuals, finding substantial strain sharing among cohabiting individuals, with median strain-sharing rates for the gut and oral microbiomes being 12% (34% for mothers and their 0–3-years-old offspring) and 32% (38% for partners) in the used data. Time since cohabitation was the largest factor and bacterial strain sharing "recapitulated host population structures better{{clarify|date=February 2023|reason=Does this mean sharing mostly occurs on the level of strains, not the level of species? If so rephrase it to make that clearer.}} than species-level profiles did".{{cite news |title=Comprehensive profiling of human-to-human oral and intestinal microbial transmission |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230120/Comprehensive-profiling-of-human-to-human-oral-and-intestinal-microbial-transmission.aspx |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=News-Medical.net |date=20 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216215257/https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230120/Comprehensive-profiling-of-human-to-human-oral-and-intestinal-microbial-transmission.aspx |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Valles-Colomer |first1=Mireia |last2=Blanco-Míguez |first2=Aitor |last3=Manghi |first3=Paolo |display-authors=et al. |doi-access=free |title=The person-to-person transmission landscape of the gut and oral microbiomes |journal=Nature |date=February 2023 |volume=614 |issue=7946 |pages=125–135 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05620-1 |pmid=36653448 |pmc=9892008 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..125V |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
19 January
A study using electronic health records shows 45 (with 22 of these being replicated with the UK Biobank) viral exposures can significantly elevate risks of neurodegenerative disease, including up to 15 years after infection.{{cite journal |last1=Kozlov |first1=Max |title=Massive health-record review links viral illnesses to brain disease |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00181-3 |access-date=15 February 2023 |journal=Nature |date=23 January 2023 |volume=614 |issue=7946 |pages=18–19 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-00181-3 |pmid=36690772 |bibcode=2023Natur.614...18K |s2cid=256193462 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206084328/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00181-3 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}{{cite journal |last1=Levine |first1=Kristin S. |last2=Leonard |first2=Hampton L. |last3=Blauwendraat |first3=Cornelis |last4=Iwaki |first4=Hirotaka |last5=Johnson |first5=Nicholas |last6=Bandres-Ciga |first6=Sara |last7=Ferrucci |first7=Luigi |last8=Faghri |first8=Faraz |last9=Singleton |first9=Andrew B. |last10=Nalls |first10=Mike A. |title=Virus exposure and neurodegenerative disease risk across national biobanks |journal=Neuron |date=19 January 2023 |volume=111 |issue=7 |pages=1086–1093.e2 |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.029 |pmid=36669485 |pmc=10079561 |language=en |issn=0896-6273|doi-access=free}}
Progress in healthy/sustainable food system research: a review outlines benefits (such as high protein production per acre), recent advancements and challenges of developing algae as a large-scale food source,{{cite news |title=Cleaning PFAS contaminated water, sleep music and more |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/pfas-contaminated-water-sleep-music/ |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=cosmosmagazine.com |date=23 January 2023 |language=en-AU |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217174521/https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/pfas-contaminated-water-sleep-music/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Diaz |first1=Crisandra J. |last2=Douglas |first2=Kai J. |last3=Kang |first3=Kalisa |last4=Kolarik |first4=Ashlynn L. |last5=Malinovski |first5=Rodeon |last6=Torres-Tiji |first6=Yasin |last7=Molino |first7=João V. |last8=Badary |first8=Amr |last9=Mayfield |first9=Stephen P. |title=Developing algae as a sustainable food source |journal=Frontiers in Nutrition |date=2023 |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fnut.2022.1029841 |pmid=36742010 |pmc=9892066 |issn=2296-861X |doi-access=free}} a study identifies "11 key measures" that can reduce nitrogen chemicals pollution of air (NH³, NO^x and N²O) and water from croplands (4 Jan),{{cite news |last1=Gluzman |first1=Rochelle |title=Reducing nitrogen use key to human and planetary health: study |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-01-nitrogen-key-human-planetary-health.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=phys.org |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217174236/https://phys.org/news/2023-01-nitrogen-key-human-planetary-health.html |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Gu |first1=Baojing |last2=Zhang |first2=Xiuming |last3=Lam |first3=Shu Kee |last4=Yu |first4=Yingliang |last5=van Grinsven |first5=Hans J. M. |last6=Zhang |first6=Shaohui |last7=Wang |first7=Xiaoxi |last8=Bodirsky |first8=Benjamin Leon |last9=Wang |first9=Sitong |last10=Duan |first10=Jiakun |last11=Ren |first11=Chenchen |last12=Bouwman |first12=Lex |last13=de Vries |first13=Wim |last14=Xu |first14=Jianming |last15=Sutton |first15=Mark A. |last16=Chen |first16=Deli |title=Cost-effective mitigation of nitrogen pollution from global croplands |journal=Nature |date=January 2023 |volume=613 |issue=7942 |pages=77–84 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05481-8 |pmid=36600068 |pmc=9842502 |bibcode=2023Natur.613...77G |language=en |issn=1476-4687 |doi-access=free}} a first review indicates vegan diets, which are more sustainable, would not have adverse impacts on the health of both pet dogs and cats (12 Jan),{{cite journal |last1=Domínguez-Oliva |first1=Adriana |last2=Mota-Rojas |first2=Daniel |last3=Semendric |first3=Ines |last4=Whittaker |first4=Alexandra L. |title=The Impact of Vegan Diets on Indicators of Health in Dogs and Cats: A Systematic Review |journal=Veterinary Sciences |date=January 2023 |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=52 |doi=10.3390/vetsci10010052 |pmid=36669053 |pmc=9860667 |language=en |issn=2306-7381 |doi-access=free}}{{additional citation needed|date=February 2023}} researchers outline large environmental benefits of using insects for animal feed (12 Jan),{{cite news |last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Making the case for using insects as food for both humans and livestock |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-01-case-insects-food-humans-livestock.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=phys.org |language=en |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128211900/https://phys.org/news/2023-01-case-insects-food-humans-livestock.html |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=van Huis |first1=Arnold |last2=Gasco |first2=Laura |title=Insects as feed for livestock production |journal=Science |date=13 January 2023 |volume=379 |issue=6628 |pages=138–139 |doi=10.1126/science.adc9165 |pmid=36634163 |bibcode=2023Sci...379..138V |s2cid=255749691 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367089543 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}} Chinese scientists report the cloning of multiple "supercows" with a substantial milk productivity increase (31 Jan).{{cite news |last1=Gan |first1=Nectar |title=China says it successfully cloned 3 highly productive 'super cows' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/01/business/china-super-cow-cloning-intl-hnk-scn/index.html |access-date=17 February 2023 |work=CNN |date=2 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216194639/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/01/business/china-super-cow-cloning-intl-hnk-scn/index.html |url-status=live }}
Researchers from Scripps Institution of Oceanography discovered the Pyrolycus jaco. It was first detailed in a paper published in the journal Zootaxa on January 19, 2023.{{Cite journal |last1=Frable |first1=Benjamin W. |last2=Seid |first2=Charlotte A. |last3=Bronson |first3=Allison W. |last4=Møller |first4=Peter Rask |date=2023-01-19 |title=A new deep-sea eelpout of the genus Pyrolycus (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) associated with a hydrothermal seep on the Pacific margin of Costa Rica |url=https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5230.1.5 |journal=Zootaxa |language=en |volume=5230 |issue=1 |pages=79–89 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5230.1.5 |pmid=37044856 |s2cid=256177922 |issn=1175-5334|hdl=10037/29870 |hdl-access=free }}
~20 January
Progress in AI software and applications:
News outlets report on a preprint (26 Dec 2022) that describes the development of a large language model software that can answer medical questions with a 67.6% accuracy on US Medical License Exam questions and nearly matched human clinician performance when answering open-ended medical questions, Med-PaLM. The AI makes use of comprehension-, recall of knowledge-, and medical reasoning-algorithms but remains inferior to clinicians.{{cite news |title=Google's AI is best yet at answering medical and health questions |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2355689-googles-ai-is-best-yet-at-answering-medical-and-health-questions/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=New Scientist |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125025542/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2355689-googles-ai-is-best-yet-at-answering-medical-and-health-questions/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Papadopoulos |first1=Loukia |title=Google and DeepMind just launched MedPaLM, a large language model |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/google-deepmind-medpalm-language-model |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211040157/https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/google-deepmind-medpalm-language-model |url-status=live }}{{cite arXiv |last1=Singhal |first1=Karan |last2=Azizi |first2=Shekoofeh |last3=Tu |first3=Tao |last4=Mahdavi |first4=S. Sara |last5=Wei |first5=Jason |last6=Chung |first6=Hyung Won |last7=Scales |first7=Nathan |last8=Tanwani |first8=Ajay |last9=Cole-Lewis |first9=Heather |last10=Pfohl |first10=Stephen |last11=Payne |first11=Perry |last12=Seneviratne |first12=Martin |last13=Gamble |first13=Paul |last14=Kelly |first14=Chris |last15=Scharli |first15=Nathaneal |last16=Chowdhery |first16=Aakanksha |last17=Mansfield |first17=Philip |last18=Arcas |first18=Blaise Aguera y |last19=Webster |first19=Dale |last20=Corrado |first20=Greg S. |last21=Matias |first21=Yossi |last22=Chou |first22=Katherine |last23=Gottweis |first23=Juraj |last24=Tomasev |first24=Nenad |last25=Liu |first25=Yun |last26=Rajkomar |first26=Alvin |last27=Barral |first27=Joelle |last28=Semturs |first28=Christopher |last29=Karthikesalingam |first29=Alan |last30=Natarajan |first30=Vivek |title=Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledge |date=26 December 2022 |class=cs.CL |eprint=2212.13138 }} As of 2023, humans often – if not most often – conduct query-based web searches, read websites and/or conduct physical doctor's visits to inquire health information, despite various difficulties,{{cite journal |last1=Langford |first1=Aisha T. |last2=Roberts |first2=Timothy |last3=Gupta |first3=Jaytin |last4=Orellana |first4=Kerli T. |last5=Loeb |first5=Stacy |title=Impact of the Internet on Patient-Physician Communication |journal=European Urology Focus |date=May 2020 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=440–444 |doi=10.1016/j.euf.2019.09.012 |pmid=31582312 |s2cid=203660703 }}{{cite journal |last1=Tan |first1=Sharon Swee-Lin |last2=Goonawardene |first2=Nadee |title=Internet Health Information Seeking and the Patient-Physician Relationship: A Systematic Review |journal=Journal of Medical Internet Research |date=19 January 2017 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=e9 |doi=10.2196/jmir.5729 |pmid=28104579 |pmc=5290294 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Ramsey |first1=Imogen |last2=Corsini |first2=Nadia |last3=Peters |first3=Micah D.J. |last4=Eckert |first4=Marion |title=A rapid review of consumer health information needs and preferences |journal=Patient Education and Counseling |date=September 2017 |volume=100 |issue=9 |pages=1634–1642 |doi=10.1016/j.pec.2017.04.005 |pmid=28442155 }}{{cite journal |last1=Boyer |first1=Cé |last2=Gaudinat |first2=Arnaud |last3=Hanbury |first3=Allan |last4=Appel |first4=Ron D. |last5=Ball |first5=Marion J. |last6=Carpentier |first6=Michel |last7=van Bemmel |first7=Jan H. |last8=Bergmans |first8=Jean-Paul |last9=Hochstrasser |first9=Denis |last10=Lindberg |first10=Donald |last11=Miller |first11=Randolph |last12=Peterschmitt |first12=Jean-Claude |last13=Safran |first13=Charles |last14=Thonnet |first14=Michè |last15=Hler |first15=Antoine |title=Accessing Reliable Health Information on the Web: A Review of the HON Approach |journal=MEDINFO 2017: Precision Healthcare Through Informatics |date=2017 |volume=245 |pages=1004–1008 |doi=10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-1004 |pmid=29295252 }} partly as they typically did not undergo any formal training in media literacy,{{cite news |last1=Gonchar |first1=Michael |last2=Engle |first2=Jeremy |title=Should Media Literacy Be a Required Course in School? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/26/learning/should-media-literacy-be-a-required-course-in-school.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=26 October 2020 |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007131116/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/26/learning/should-media-literacy-be-a-required-course-in-school.html |url-status=live }} digital literacy{{cite journal |last1=Pangrazio |first1=Luci |last2=Godhe |first2=Anna-Lena |last3=Ledesma |first3=Alejo González López |title=What is digital literacy? A comparative review of publications across three language contexts |journal=E-Learning and Digital Media |date=November 2020 |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=442–459 |doi=10.1177/2042753020946291 |s2cid=223518782 }}{{cite web |last1=Bugeja |first1=Michael |title=Opinion: Our schools need digital literacy as machine learning, artificial intelligence expand |url=https://eu.desmoinesregister.com/story/opinion/columnists/iowa-view/2023/02/05/schools-need-digital-literacy-machine-learning-artificial-intelligence/69863911007/ |website=The Des Moines Register |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219164654/https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/opinion/columnists/iowa-view/2023/02/05/schools-need-digital-literacy-machine-learning-artificial-intelligence/69863911007/ |url-status=live }} or health literacy,{{cite journal |last1=Lancet |first1=The |title=Why is health literacy failing so many? |journal=The Lancet |date=12 November 2022 |volume=400 |issue=10364 |page=1655 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02301-7 |pmid=36366878 |s2cid=253457427 |language=en |issn=0140-6736}} as such is not part of schools curricula in most education systems as of 2023.
A novel potentially significantly more efficient text-to-image approach, as implemented in MUSE, is reported (2 Jan).{{cite news |title=Google's Muse model could be the next big thing for generative AI |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/googles-muse-model-could-be-the-next-big-thing-for-generative-ai/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=VentureBeat |date=13 January 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218133451/https://venturebeat.com/ai/googles-muse-model-could-be-the-next-big-thing-for-generative-ai/ |url-status=live }}{{cite arXiv |last1=Chang |first1=Huiwen |last2=Zhang |first2=Han |last3=Barber |first3=Jarred |last4=Maschinot |first4=A. J. |last5=Lezama |first5=Jose |last6=Jiang |first6=Lu |last7=Yang |first7=Ming-Hsuan |last8=Murphy |first8=Kevin |last9=Freeman |first9=William T. |last10=Rubinstein |first10=Michael |last11=Li |first11=Yuanzhen |last12=Krishnan |first12=Dilip |title=Muse: Text-To-Image Generation via Masked Generative Transformers |date=2 January 2023 |class=cs.CV |eprint=2301.00704 }}
A first successful autonomous long-duration operation (Dec 21 and/or Dec 22), including simulated combat, of a modified F-16 fighter jet, X-62A, by two AI software is reported (4 Jan).{{cite web |last1=Insinna |first1=Valerie |title=Inside the special F-16 the Air Force is using to test out AI |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2023/01/inside-the-special-f-16-the-air-force-is-using-to-test-out-ai/ |website=Breaking Defense |access-date=18 February 2023 |date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209204544/https://breakingdefense.com/2023/01/inside-the-special-f-16-the-air-force-is-using-to-test-out-ai/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Gitlin |first1=Jonathan M. |title=The US Air Force successfully tested this AI-controlled jet fighter |url=https://arstechnica.com/cars/2023/02/the-us-air-force-successfully-tested-this-ai-controlled-jet-fighter/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=Ars Technica |date=14 February 2023 |language=en-us |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216111053/https://arstechnica.com/cars/2023/02/the-us-air-force-successfully-tested-this-ai-controlled-jet-fighter/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Fully autonomous F-16 fighter jet takes part in simulated dogfights |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2359616-fully-autonomous-f-16-fighter-jet-takes-part-in-simulated-dogfights/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=New Scientist |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218102021/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2359616-fully-autonomous-f-16-fighter-jet-takes-part-in-simulated-dogfights/ |url-status=live }}
A text-to-speech synthesizer, VALL-E, that can be trained to mimic anybody's voice with just three seconds of voice data and may produce the most natural-sounding results to date is reported in a preprint (5 Jan).{{cite news |last1=Paleja |first1=Ameya |title=Microsoft unveils VALL-E, a text-to-speech AI that can be trained in just 3 seconds |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-vall-e-text-to-speech |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=10 January 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218133452/https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/microsoft-vall-e-text-to-speech |url-status=live }}{{cite arXiv |last1=Wang |first1=Chengyi |last2=Chen |first2=Sanyuan |last3=Wu |first3=Yu |last4=Zhang |first4=Ziqiang |last5=Zhou |first5=Long |last6=Liu |first6=Shujie |last7=Chen |first7=Zhuo |last8=Liu |first8=Yanqing |last9=Wang |first9=Huaming |last10=Li |first10=Jinyu |last11=He |first11=Lei |last12=Zhao |first12=Sheng |last13=Wei |first13=Furu |title=Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizers |date=5 January 2023 |class=cs.CL |eprint=2301.02111 }}
A use of world models for a wide range of domains that makes decisions using e.g. different 3D worlds and reward frequencies and outperforms previous approaches, DreamerV3, is reported as a step towards general artificial intelligence in a preprint (10 Jan).{{cite news |last1=Saha |first1=Shritama |title=DeepMind Unleashes DreamerV3, A Multi-Domain World Model |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/deepmind-unleashes-dreamerv3-a-multi-domain-world-model/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=Analytics India Magazine |date=12 January 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218133523/https://analyticsindiamag.com/deepmind-unleashes-dreamerv3-a-multi-domain-world-model/ |url-status=live }}{{cite arXiv |last1=Hafner |first1=Danijar |last2=Pasukonis |first2=Jurgis |last3=Ba |first3=Jimmy |last4=Lillicrap |first4=Timothy |title=Mastering Diverse Domains through World Models |date=10 January 2023 |class=cs.AI |eprint=2301.04104 }}
A large language model, ProGen, that can generate functional protein sequences with a predictable function, with the input including tags specifying protein properties, is reported (26 Jan).{{cite web |title=Making Up Proteins |url=https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/making-proteins |first1=Derek |last1=Lowe |publisher=Science |access-date=18 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218133451/https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/making-proteins |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Madani |first1=Ali |last2=Krause |first2=Ben |last3=Greene |first3=Eric R. |last4=Subramanian |first4=Subu |last5=Mohr |first5=Benjamin P. |last6=Holton |first6=James M. |last7=Olmos |first7=Jose Luis |last8=Xiong |first8=Caiming |last9=Sun |first9=Zachary Z. |last10=Socher |first10=Richard |last11=Fraser |first11=James S. |last12=Naik |first12=Nikhil |title=Large language models generate functional protein sequences across diverse families |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=26 January 2023 |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=1099–1106 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01618-2 |pmid=36702895 |pmc=10400306 |s2cid=256304602 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367453911 |language=en |issn=1546-1696|url-access=subscription }}
A deep-learning model, ZFDesign, for zinc finger design for any genomic target for gene- and epigenetic-editing is reported (26 Jan).{{cite news |last1=McFadden |first1=Christopher |title=A new AI-powered gene-editing technique could be set to replace CRISPR |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-dna-editing-zinc-fingers |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=26 January 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218133450/https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-dna-editing-zinc-fingers |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Ichikawa |first1=David M. |last2=Abdin |first2=Osama |last3=Alerasool |first3=Nader |last4=Kogenaru |first4=Manjunatha |last5=Mueller |first5=April L. |last6=Wen |first6=Han |last7=Giganti |first7=David O. |last8=Goldberg |first8=Gregory W. |last9=Adams |first9=Samantha |last10=Spencer |first10=Jeffrey M. |last11=Razavi |first11=Rozita |last12=Nim |first12=Satra |last13=Zheng |first13=Hong |last14=Gionco |first14=Courtney |last15=Clark |first15=Finnegan T. |last16=Strokach |first16=Alexey |last17=Hughes |first17=Timothy R. |last18=Lionnet |first18=Timothee |last19=Taipale |first19=Mikko |last20=Kim |first20=Philip M. |last21=Noyes |first21=Marcus B. |title=A universal deep-learning model for zinc finger design enables transcription factor reprogramming |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=26 January 2023 |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=1117–1129 |doi=10.1038/s41587-022-01624-4 |pmid=36702896 |pmc=10421740 |language=en |issn=1546-1696 |doi-access=free}}
Software for generating 3D dynamic scenes (text-to-4D), Make-A-Video3D, is reported (26 Jan).{{cite news |last1=Saha |first1=Shritama |title=Give a Prompt, Make a Video |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/give-a-prompt-make-a-video/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=Analytics India Magazine |date=8 February 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218133452/https://analyticsindiamag.com/give-a-prompt-make-a-video/ |url-status=live }}{{cite arXiv |last1=Singer |first1=Uriel |last2=Sheynin |first2=Shelly |last3=Polyak |first3=Adam |last4=Ashual |first4=Oron |last5=Makarov |first5=Iurii |last6=Kokkinos |first6=Filippos |last7=Goyal |first7=Naman |last8=Vedaldi |first8=Andrea |last9=Parikh |first9=Devi |last10=Johnson |first10=Justin |last11=Taigman |first11=Yaniv |title=Text-To-4D Dynamic Scene Generation |date=26 January 2023 |class=cs.CV |eprint=2301.11280 }}
A study reports the development of deep learning algorithms to identify technosignature candidates, finding 8 potential alien signals not detected earlier (30 Jan).{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Chris |title=AI algorithm pinpoints 8 radio signals that may have come from aliens |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-algorithm-pinpoints-8-radio-signals-that-may-have-come-from-aliens |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218133506/https://interestingengineering.com/science/ai-algorithm-pinpoints-8-radio-signals-that-may-have-come-from-aliens |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=Peter Xiangyuan |last2=Ng |first2=Cherry |last3=Rizk |first3=Leandro |last4=Croft |first4=Steve |last5=Siemion |first5=Andrew P. V. |last6=Brzycki |first6=Bryan |last7=Czech |first7=Daniel |last8=Drew |first8=Jamie |last9=Gajjar |first9=Vishal |last10=Hoang |first10=John |last11=Isaacson |first11=Howard |last12=Lebofsky |first12=Matt |last13=MacMahon |first13=David H. E. |last14=de Pater |first14=Imke |last15=Price |first15=Danny C. |last16=Sheikh |first16=Sofia Z. |last17=Worden |first17=S. Pete |title=A deep-learning search for technosignatures from 820 nearby stars |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=30 January 2023 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=492–502 |doi=10.1038/s41550-022-01872-z |language=en |issn=2397-3366|arxiv=2301.12670|bibcode=2023NatAs...7..492M |s2cid=256389424 }}
Chatbot and text-generating AI, ChatGPT (released on 30 Nov 2022), a large language model, becomes highly popular, with some considering the large public's attention as unwarranted hype as potential applications are limited, similar software such as Cleverbot existed for many years, and the software is, on the fundamental level, not structured toward accuracy – e.g. providing seemingly credible but incorrect answers to queries and operating "without a contextual understanding of the language" – but only toward essentially the authenticity of mimicked human language (~Jan).{{cite web |title=ChatGPT und andere Sprachmodelle – zwischen Hype und Kontroverse |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/press-briefing/details/news/chatgpt-und-andere-sprachmodelle-zwischen-hype-und-kontroverse/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=18 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218133451/https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/press-briefing/details/news/chatgpt-und-andere-sprachmodelle-zwischen-hype-und-kontroverse/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=ChatGPT is 'not particularly innovative,' and 'nothing revolutionary', says Meta's chief AI scientist |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/chatgpt-is-not-particularly-innovative-and-nothing-revolutionary-says-metas-chief-ai-scientist/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=ZDNET |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217163917/https://www.zdnet.com/article/chatgpt-is-not-particularly-innovative-and-nothing-revolutionary-says-metas-chief-ai-scientist/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Shen |first1=Yiqiu |last2=Heacock |first2=Laura |last3=Elias |first3=Jonathan |last4=Hentel |first4=Keith D. |last5=Reig |first5=Beatriu |last6=Shih |first6=George |last7=Moy |first7=Linda |title=ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models Are Double-edged Swords |journal=Radiology |date=26 January 2023 |volume=307 |issue=2 |page=230163 |doi=10.1148/radiol.230163 |pmid=36700838 |s2cid=256272939 |language=en |issn=0033-8419}}{{cite journal |title=ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education? |journal=Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching |date=25 January 2023 |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9 |s2cid=256288636 |doi-access=free }}{{cite news |last1=Kelly |first1=Samantha Murphy |title=This AI chatbot is dominating social media with its frighteningly good essays |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/05/tech/chatgpt-trnd/index.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=CNN |date=5 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217142312/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/05/tech/chatgpt-trnd/index.html |url-status=live }} It was estimated that only two months after its launch, it had 100 million active users.{{cite web |title=What is ChatGPT and why does it matter? Here's everything you need to know |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-chatgpt-and-why-does-it-matter-heres-everything-you-need-to-know/ |website=ZDNET |access-date=18 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215113628/https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-chatgpt-and-why-does-it-matter-heres-everything-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=live }} Applications may include solving or supporting school writing assignments,{{cite news |last1=Villasenor |first1=John |title=How ChatGPT Can Improve Education, Not Threaten it |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-chatgpt-can-improve-education-not-threaten-it/ |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217214106/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-chatgpt-can-improve-education-not-threaten-it/ |url-status=live }} malicious social bots (e.g. for misinformation, propaganda, and scams),{{cite news |title=Analysis {{!}} Bing Trouble: Google, OpenAI Are Opening Up Pandora's Bots |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/bing-trouble-google-openai-are-opening-up-pandoras-bots/2023/02/16/fcd2ebd2-ae10-11ed-b0ba-9f4244c6e5da_story.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite news |last1=Hsu |first1=Tiffany |last2=Thompson |first2=Stuart A. |title=Disinformation Researchers Raise Alarms About A.I. Chatbots |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/technology/ai-chatbots-disinformation.html |access-date=18 February 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=8 February 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217222404/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/technology/ai-chatbots-disinformation.html |url-status=live }} and providing inspiration (e.g. for artistic writing or in design or ideation in general).{{cite web |last1=Ruzich |first1=Dan |title=CU Denver Panel Discusses the Role of ChatGPT in Higher Education - |url=https://news.ucdenver.edu/chatgpt-higher-education/ |website=CU Denver News |access-date=18 February 2023 |date=14 February 2023 |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218133507/https://news.ucdenver.edu/chatgpt-higher-education/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last1=Clark |first1=Peter Allen |title=Cybersecurity experts see uses and abuses in new wave of AI tech |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/02/17/cybersecurity-ai-tech-chatgpt-bing |website=Axios |access-date=18 February 2023 |language=en |date=17 February 2023 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217131237/https://www.axios.com/2023/02/17/cybersecurity-ai-tech-chatgpt-bing |url-status=live }}
23 January
The most affordable carbon capture and conversion system to date, bringing the cost down to just $39 per metric ton, is revealed. The process takes flue gas from power plants, uses a solvent to strip out the {{CO2}}, then converts it to industrially-useful methanol.{{cite news |title=Scientists Unveil Least Costly Carbon Capture System to Date |url=https://www.pnnl.gov/news-media/scientists-unveil-least-costly-carbon-capture-system-date |date=23 January 2023 |work=Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |access-date=24 January 2023 |archive-date=23 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123215715/https://www.pnnl.gov/news-media/scientists-unveil-least-costly-carbon-capture-system-date |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Yuan |last2=Mathias |first2=Paul M. |last3=Zheng |first3=Richard F. |last4=Freeman |first4=Charlies J. |last5=Barpaga |first5=Dushyant |last6=Malhotra |first6=Deepika |last7=Koech |first7=Phillip K. |last8=Zwoster |first8=Andy |last9=Heldebrant |first9=David J. |title=Energy-effective and low-cost carbon capture from point-sources enabled by water-lean solvents |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |date=15 February 2023 |volume=388 |page=135696 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135696 |s2cid=255038240 |language=en |issn=0959-6526}}
In two studies (20 & 23 Jan), researchers report that substitution of PET adhesive tapes could prevent nearly all self-discharge in the widely used lithium-ion batteries, extending battery life.{{cite news |title=Discovery in Canadian lab could help laptop, phone and car batteries last longer |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/discovery-in-canadian-lab-could-help-laptop-phone-and-car-batteries-last-longer-1.6254040 |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=CTVNews |date=31 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215181223/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/discovery-in-canadian-lab-could-help-laptop-phone-and-car-batteries-last-longer-1.6254040 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |title=Reversible Self-discharge of LFP/Graphite and NMC811/Graphite Cells Originating from Redox Shuttle Generation |journal=Journal of the Electrochemical Society |year=2023 |volume=170 |doi=10.1149/1945-7111/acb10c |doi-access=free |last1=Buechele |first1=Sebastian |last2=Logan |first2=Eric |last3=Boulanger |first3=Thomas |last4=Azam |first4=Saad |last5=Eldesoky |first5=Ahmed |last6=Song |first6=Wentao |last7=Johnson |first7=Michel B. |last8=Metzger |first8=Michael |issue=1 |page=010518 |bibcode=2023JElS..170a0518B }}{{cite journal |title=Identification of Redox Shuttle Generated in LFP/Graphite and NMC811/Graphite Cells |journal=Journal of the Electrochemical Society |year=2023 |volume=170 |doi=10.1149/1945-7111/acaf44|last1=Buechele |first1=Sebastian |last2=Adamson |first2=Anu |last3=Eldesoky |first3=Ahmed |last4=Boetticher |first4=Tom |last5=Hartmann |first5=Louis |last6=Boulanger |first6=Thomas |last7=Azam |first7=Saad |last8=Johnson |first8=Michel B. |last9=Taskovic |first9=Tina |last10=Logan |first10=Eric |last11=Metzger |first11=Michael |issue=1 |page=010511 |bibcode=2023JElS..170a0511B |s2cid=255321506 |doi-access=free }}
A geophysical study reports that the spin of the Earth's inner core has stopped spinning faster than the planet's surface and likely is now rotating slower than it. This is not thought to have major effects and one cycle of the oscillation is about seven decades, coinciding with several other geophysical periodicities ("especially the length of day and magnetic field").{{cite news |title=Earth's inner core seems to be slowing its spin |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2023/01/23/earth-core-slowing/ |access-date=16 February 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post |archive-date=18 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218084703/https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2023/01/23/earth-core-slowing/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Yi |last2=Song |first2=Xiaodong |title=Multidecadal variation of the Earth's inner-core rotation |journal=Nature Geoscience |date=February 2023 |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=182–187 |doi=10.1038/s41561-022-01112-z |bibcode=2023NatGe..16..182Y |s2cid=256702306 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367351565 |language=en |issn=1752-0908 |url-access=subscription}}
25 January
Engineers report the design of millimetre-sized robots able to rapidly shift between liquid and solid states. The devices could be used to fix electronics or remove objects from the body.{{cite news |title=Metal robot can melt its way out of tight spaces to escape |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2356076-metal-robot-can-melt-its-way-out-of-tight-spaces-to-escape/ |date=25 January 2023 |work=New Scientist |access-date=25 January 2023 |archive-date=25 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125171506/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2356076-metal-robot-can-melt-its-way-out-of-tight-spaces-to-escape/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Qingyuan |last2=Pan |first2=Chengfeng |last3=Zhang |first3=Yuanxi |last4=Peng |first4=Lelun |last5=Chen |first5=Zhipeng |last6=Majidi |first6=Carmel |last7=Jiang |first7=Lelun |title=Magnetoactive liquid-solid phase transitional matter |journal=Matter |date=25 January 2023 |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=855–872 |doi=10.1016/j.matt.2022.12.003 |s2cid=256296374 |language=en |issn=2590-2393|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367414147|doi-access=free }}
Researchers report the development of a viable wearable continuous heart ultrasound imager.{{cite news |title=A wearable ultrasound sensor provides real-time cardiac imaging |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230129/A-wearable-ultrasound-sensor-provides-real-time-cardiac-imaging.aspx |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=News-Medical.net |date=29 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215165717/https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230129/A-wearable-ultrasound-sensor-provides-real-time-cardiac-imaging.aspx |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Hu |first1=Hongjie |last2=Huang |first2=Hao |last3=Li |first3=Mohan |last4=Gao |first4=Xiaoxiang |last5=Yin |first5=Lu |last6=Qi |first6=Ruixiang |last7=Wu |first7=Ray S. |last8=Chen |first8=Xiangjun |last9=Ma |first9=Yuxiang |last10=Shi |first10=Keren |last11=Li |first11=Chenghai |last12=Maus |first12=Timothy M. |last13=Huang |first13=Brady |last14=Lu |first14=Chengchangfeng |last15=Lin |first15=Muyang |last16=Zhou |first16=Sai |last17=Lou |first17=Zhiyuan |last18=Gu |first18=Yue |last19=Chen |first19=Yimu |last20=Lei |first20=Yusheng |last21=Wang |first21=Xinyu |last22=Wang |first22=Ruotao |last23=Yue |first23=Wentong |last24=Yang |first24=Xinyi |last25=Bian |first25=Yizhou |last26=Mu |first26=Jing |last27=Park |first27=Geonho |last28=Xiang |first28=Shu |last29=Cai |first29=Shengqiang |last30=Corey |first30=Paul W. |last31=Wang |first31=Joseph |last32=Xu |first32=Sheng |title=A wearable cardiac ultrasound imager |journal=Nature |date=January 2023 |volume=613 |issue=7945 |pages=667–675 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05498-z |pmid=36697864 |pmc=9876798 |bibcode=2023Natur.613..667H |language=en |issn=1476-4687 |doi-access=free }}
Progress in disease screening or diagnosis: researchers demonstrate the use of ants as biosensors to detect cancer via urine,{{cite news |title=Ants can 'sniff out' cancer in urine, scientists find |url=https://news.sky.com/story/ants-can-sniff-out-cancer-in-urine-scientists-find-12794810 |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=Sky News |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216124505/https://news.sky.com/story/ants-can-sniff-out-cancer-in-urine-scientists-find-12794810 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Piqueret |first1=Baptiste |last2=Montaudon |first2=Élodie |last3=Devienne |first3=Paul |last4=Leroy |first4=Chloé |last5=Marangoni |first5=Elisabetta |last6=Sandoz |first6=Jean-Christophe |last7=d'Ettorre |first7=Patrizia |title=Ants act as olfactory bio-detectors of tumours in patient-derived xenograft mice |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |date=25 January 2023 |volume=290 |issue=1991 |page=20221962 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.1962 |pmid=36695032 |pmc=9874262 |language=en |issn=0962-8452}} in two separate studies (11 & 27 Jan) Alzheimer's disease is detected early via blood biomarkers,{{cite news |title=Hereditary Alzheimer's: New biomarker may aid early diagnosis |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/could-a-blood-biomarker-help-diagnose-hereditary-alzheimers-10-years-sooner |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=Medical News Today |date=13 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216233005/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/could-a-blood-biomarker-help-diagnose-hereditary-alzheimers-10-years-sooner |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Alzheimer's: Test may predict risk up to 3.5 years before diagnosis |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/alzheimers-can-a-blood-test-detect-disease-3-5-years-before-diagnosis#Diagnosing-Alzheimers-years-before |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=www.medicalnewstoday.com |date=1 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216233000/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/alzheimers-can-a-blood-test-detect-disease-3-5-years-before-diagnosis#Diagnosing-Alzheimers-years-before |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Johansson |first1=Charlotte |last2=Thordardottir |first2=Steinunn |last3=Laffita-Mesa |first3=José |last4=Rodriguez-Vieitez |first4=Elena |last5=Zetterberg |first5=Henrik |last6=Blennow |first6=Kaj |last7=Graff |first7=Caroline |title=Plasma biomarker profiles in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease |journal=Brain |date=11 January 2023 |volume=146 |issue=3 |pages=1132–1140 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac399 |pmid=36626935 |pmc=9976964 }}{{cite journal |last1=Maruszak |first1=Aleksandra |last2=Silajdžić |first2=Edina |last3=Lee |first3=Hyunah |last4=Murphy |first4=Tytus |last5=Liu |first5=Benjamine |last6=Shi |first6=Liu |last7=de Lucia |first7=Chiara |last8=Douiri |first8=Abdel |last9=Salta |first9=Evgenia |last10=Nevado |first10=Alejo J |last11=Teunissen |first11=Charlotte E |last12=Visser |first12=Pieter J |last13=Price |first13=Jack |last14=Zetterberg |first14=Henrik |last15=Lovestone |first15=Simon |last16=Thuret |first16=Sandrine |title=Predicting progression to Alzheimer's disease with human hippocampal progenitors exposed to serum |journal=Brain |date=27 January 2023 |volume=146 |issue=5 |pages=2045–2058 |doi=10.1093/brain/awac472 |pmid=36703180 |pmc=10151193 }} a non-invasive alternative to difficult rarely-used catheter testing for a common cause of high blood pressure is reported (16 Jan).{{cite news |title=New CT scan helps detect curable form of high blood pressure |url=https://newatlas.com/medical/ct-scan-primary-aldosteronism-hypertension-diagnose/ |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=New Atlas |date=17 January 2023 |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216233000/https://newatlas.com/medical/ct-scan-primary-aldosteronism-hypertension-diagnose/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Wu |first1=Xilin |last2=Senanayake |first2=Russell |last3=Goodchild |first3=Emily |display-authors=et al. |title=[11C]metomidate PET-CT versus adrenal vein sampling for diagnosing surgically curable primary aldosteronism: a prospective, within-patient trial |journal=Nature Medicine |date=January 2023 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=190–202 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-02114-5 |pmid=36646800 |pmc=9873572 |language=en |issn=1546-170X |doi-access=free}}
The US NIH begins "requiring most of the 300,000 researchers and 2,500 institutions it funds annually to include a data-management plan in their grant applications — and to eventually make their data publicly available". Advantages of such requirements may include making science more accessible, increasing public trust in science and increasing efficiency and reproducibility.{{cite journal |last1=Kozlov |first1=Max |title=NIH issues a seismic mandate: share data publicly |journal=Nature |date=16 February 2022 |volume=602 |issue=7898 |pages=558–559 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-00402-1 |pmid=35173323 |bibcode=2022Natur.602..558K |s2cid=246903938 |doi-access=free }}
27 January
A study finds that the world has enough rare earths and other raw materials to switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy.{{cite news |title=Study: Enough rare earth minerals to fuel green energy shift |url=https://apnews.com/article/science-green-technology-climate-and-environment-renewable-energy-141761657a8e7a5627a0e49e601dd48e |date=27 January 2023 |work=AP |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130212928/https://apnews.com/article/science-green-technology-climate-and-environment-renewable-energy-141761657a8e7a5627a0e49e601dd48e |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |title=Future demand for electricity generation materials under different climate mitigation scenarios |date=27 January 2023 |journal=Joule |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2023.01.001 |last1=Wang |first1=Seaver |last2=Hausfather |first2=Zeke |last3=Davis |first3=Steven |last4=Lloyd |first4=Juzel |last5=Olson |first5=Erik B. |last6=Liebermann |first6=Lauren |last7=Núñez-Mujica |first7=Guido D. |last8=McBride |first8=Jameson |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=309–332 |s2cid=256347184 |doi-access=free }}
ESA reports the successful demonstration of a braking sail-based satellite deorbiter, Drag Augmentation Deorbiting System, which could be used by space debris mitigation measures.{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Chris |title=ESA successfully deploys braking sail for deorbiting small satellites |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-braking-sail-deorbiting-small-satellites |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=9 February 2023 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209164837/https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/esa-braking-sail-deorbiting-small-satellites |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Show Me Your Wings: Successful In-flight Demonstration of the ADEO Braking Sail |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Shaping_the_Future/Show_Me_Your_Wings_Successful_In-flight_Demonstration_of_the_ADEO_Braking_Sail |website=www.esa.int |access-date=15 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213235840/https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Shaping_the_Future/Show_Me_Your_Wings_Successful_In-flight_Demonstration_of_the_ADEO_Braking_Sail |url-status=live }}
30 January
Climate scientists predict, using artificial intelligence, that global warming will exceed 1.5 °C in the next decade (scenario SSP2-4.5), and a nearly 70% chance of 2 °C between 2044 and 2065 (~2054) – a substantial probability of exceeding the 2 °C threshold – even if emissions rapidly decline (scenario SSP1-2.6).{{cite news |title=Earth is on track to exceed 1.5C warming in the next decade, study using AI finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/30/climate-crisis-global-heating-artificial-intelligence |date=30 January 2023 |work=The Guardian |access-date=31 January 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131004732/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/30/climate-crisis-global-heating-artificial-intelligence |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Diffenbaugh |first1=Noah S. |last2=Barnes |first2=Elizabeth A. |title=Data-driven predictions of the time remaining until critical global warming thresholds are reached |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=7 February 2023 |volume=120 |issue=6 |pages=e2207183120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2207183120 |doi-access=free |pmid=36716375 |pmc=9963891 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12007183D |s2cid=256414790 |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}
In two studies (4 & 30 Jan) separate teams of researchers report substantial improvements to green hydrogen production methods, enabling higher efficiencies and durable use of untreated seawater.{{cite news |title=Sun-powered water splitter produces unprecedented levels of green energy |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/sun-powered-water-splitter-produces-unprecedented-levels-green-energy |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=Science |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216224622/https://www.science.org/content/article/sun-powered-water-splitter-produces-unprecedented-levels-green-energy |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=A way to produce hydrogen directly from untreated sea water |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-01-hydrogen-untreated-sea.html |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=techxplore.com |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216224628/https://techxplore.com/news/2023-01-hydrogen-untreated-sea.html |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Peng |last2=Navid |first2=Ishtiaque Ahmed |last3=Ma |first3=Yongjin |last4=Xiao |first4=Yixin |last5=Wang |first5=Ping |last6=Ye |first6=Zhengwei |last7=Zhou |first7=Baowen |last8=Sun |first8=Kai |last9=Mi |first9=Zetian |title=Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of more than 9% in photocatalytic water splitting |journal=Nature |date=January 2023 |volume=613 |issue=7942 |pages=66–70 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05399-1 |pmid=36600066 |bibcode=2023Natur.613...66Z |s2cid=255474993 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05399-1 |language=en |issn=1476-4687 |url-access=subscription |access-date=16 February 2023 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203080833/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05399-1 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last1=Guo |first1=Jiaxin |last2=Zheng |first2=Yao |last3=Hu |first3=Zhenpeng |last4=Zheng |first4=Caiyan |last5=Mao |first5=Jing |last6=Du |first6=Kun |last7=Jaroniec |first7=Mietek |last8=Qiao |first8=Shi-Zhang |last9=Ling |first9=Tao |title=Direct seawater electrolysis by adjusting the local reaction environment of a catalyst |journal=Nature Energy |date=30 January 2023 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=264–272 |doi=10.1038/s41560-023-01195-x |bibcode=2023NatEn...8..264G |s2cid=256493839 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367559005 |language=en |issn=2058-7546|url-access=subscription}}
31 January – A news outlet reports on a study (9 Nov 2022) that concludes that a "visual flicker paradigm to entrain individuals at their own brain rhythm (i.e. peak alpha frequency)" results in faster ("at least three times faster than control groups") perceptual visual learning, maintained the day following training.{{cite news |title=Brain-frequency primer accelerates learning and retention |url=https://newatlas.com/health-wellbeing/brain-frequency-learning/ |access-date=15 February 2023 |work=New Atlas |date=1 February 2023 |archive-date=15 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215182922/https://newatlas.com/health-wellbeing/brain-frequency-learning/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |title=Learning at your brain's rhythm: individualized entrainment boosts learning for perceptual decisions |journal=Cerebral Cortex |date=9 November 2022 |doi=10.1093/cercor/bhac426 |doi-access=free |last1=Michael |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Covarrubias |first2=Lorena Santamaria |last3=Leong |first3=Victoria |last4=Kourtzi |first4=Zoe |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=5382–5394 |pmid=36352510 |pmc=10152088 }}

=February=

File:Normal_Cell_Life_Cycle.png

File:Artist_impression_of_Quaoar_and_its_ring_ESA24681885.jpeg is found to have a ring system.]]

1 February
C/2022 E3 (ZTF), a green-coloured comet from the Oort cloud, is observed in the night sky making its closest approach to Earth.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-nottinghamshire-64499694|title=Green comet captured from back garden|date=2 February 2023|access-date=8 February 2023|work=BBC News|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205134425/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-nottinghamshire-64499694|url-status=live}}
An article examines Leonardo da Vinci's experiments on gravity in the Codex Arundel and presents a solution using Newtonian mechanics to confirm Leonardo's "equivalence principle".{{cite journal|url=https://direct.mit.edu/leon/article-abstract/56/1/21/113863/Leonardo-da-Vinci-s-Visualization-of-Gravity-as-a|first1=Morteza|last1=Gharib|first2=Chris|last2=Roh|first3=Flavio|last3=Noca|title=Leonardo da Vinci's Visualization of Gravity as a Form of Acceleration|journal=Leonardo|doi=10.1162/leon_a_02322|date=1 February 2023|volume=56 |pages=21–27 |s2cid=254299572 |access-date=16 February 2023|archive-date=15 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215201036/https://direct.mit.edu/leon/article-abstract/56/1/21/113863/Leonardo-da-Vinci-s-Visualization-of-Gravity-as-a|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}
News report about the study: {{cite news |last1=Ouellette |first1=Jennifer |title=Leonardo noted link between gravity and acceleration before Newton |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/02/leonardo-noted-link-between-gravity-and-acceleration-centuries-before-einstein/ |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=Ars Technica |date=10 February 2023 |language=en-us}}
3 February – Researchers show how pre-installed apps on Android smartphones in China are used for mass surveillance in China. They show the apps have been granted dangerous privileges, transmit to many third-party domains privacy-sensitive information such as geolocation, user profile and social relationships, etc all "without consent or even notification".{{cite news |last1=Yirka |first1=Bob |title=Android phones sold to customers in China found to be loaded with apps that send user data to third parties |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-02-android-sold-customers-china-apps.html |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}{{cite arXiv |last1=Liu |first1=Haoyu |last2=Leith |first2=Douglas J. |last3=Patras |first3=Paul |title=Android OS Privacy Under the Loupe -- A Tale from the East |date=3 February 2023|class=cs.CR |eprint=2302.01890 }}
6 February
Astronomers announce the discovery of an additional 12 moons of Jupiter.{{cite news|url=https://cnn.com/2023/02/06/world/jupiter-new-moons-scn/index.html|title=Jupiter now has 92 moons after new discovery|last=Strickland|first=Ashley|date=2023-02-06|work=CNN|access-date=8 February 2023|archive-date=8 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208000523/https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/06/world/jupiter-new-moons-scn/index.html|url-status=live}}
A previously unknown cell mechanism involved in aging is discovered, which explains how cells 'remember' their identity when they divide – the cells' so-called epigenetic memory.{{cite journal |last1=Flury |first1=Valentin |last2=Reverón-Gómez |first2=Nazaret |last3=Alcaraz |first3=Nicolas |last4=Stewart-Morgan |first4=Kathleen R. |last5=Wenger |first5=Alice |last6=Klose |first6=Robert J. |last7=Groth |first7=Anja |title=Recycling of modified H2A-H2B provides short-term memory of chromatin states |journal=Cell |date=2 March 2023 |volume=186 |issue=5 |pages=1050–1065.e19 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.007 |pmid=36750094 |pmc=9994263 |language=en |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230213120650.htm|title=Previously unknown cell mechanism could help counter cancer and aging|date=13 February 2023|work=University of Copenhagen - The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences via Science Daily|access-date=2 March 2023}}{{additional citation needed|date=March 2023}}
A study integrates policy as an aspect into an integrated assessment model, showing that Powering Past Coal Alliance-based (from COP23) coal phase-out is highly unlikely (<5%) with current policies where both coal-use would substantially only shift from power to other industries (steel, cement, and chemicals) and China now potentially "dangerously delay[ing]" the phase-out.{{cite news |last1=Marris |first1=Emma |title=Fighting Climate Change Was Costly. Now It's Profitable. |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2023/02/inflation-reduction-act-eu-green-deal-industrial-plan/672985/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=The Atlantic |date=8 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Bi |first1=Stephen L. |last2=Bauer |first2=Nico |last3=Jewell |first3=Jessica |title=Coal-exit alliance must confront freeriding sectors to propel Paris-aligned momentum |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=February 2023 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=130–139 |doi=10.1038/s41558-022-01570-8 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13..130B |s2cid=256659280 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}
Research institute press release: {{cite news |title=Coal exit can happen only with stronger policies, and with China cooperating, says study |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-02-coal-exit-stronger-policies-china.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research via phys.org |language=en}}
7 February
A study quantifies and maps threats of glacial lake outburst floods caused by climate change, finding ~15 million people to be at risk. More than half of the exposed population are in India, Pakistan, Peru, and China.{{cite news |last1=Ramirez |first1=Rachel |title=An 'inland tsunami': 15 million people are at risk from catastrophic glacial lake outbursts, researchers find |url=https://us.cnn.com/2023/02/07/world/glacial-lake-outburst-risk-climate-scn |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=CNN}}{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=Caroline |last2=Robinson |first2=Tom R. |last3=Dunning |first3=Stuart |last4=Rachel Carr |first4=J. |last5=Westoby |first5=Matthew |title=Glacial lake outburst floods threaten millions globally |journal=Nature Communications |date=7 February 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=487 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-36033-x |pmid=36750561 |pmc=9905510 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14..487T |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
A UN report projects there could be 10 million annual deaths from antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) superbugs by 2050 if steps aren't taken and highlights driving factors like climate change and economic sectors' activities, suggesting a One Health-type approach.{{cite news |last1=Chavez |first1=Janelle |title=Climate change is contributing to the rise of superbugs, new UN report says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/07/health/superbugs-climate-change-scn/index.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=CNN}}{{cite web |title=Bracing for Superbugs: Strengthening environmental action in the One Health response to antimicrobial resistance |date=30 January 2023 |url=https://www.unep.org/resources/superbugs/environmental-action |publisher=UNEP |access-date=27 March 2023}} {{Crossreference|(See also 19 Jan 2022 for current rates.)}} An analysis of global antibiotics use in livestock – which is one of the known drivers of AMR in livestock and wildlife/environment and also impacts human health{{cite journal |last1=Hafez |first1=Hafez M. |last2=Attia |first2=Youssef A. |title=Challenges to the Poultry Industry: Current Perspectives and Strategic Future After the COVID-19 Outbreak |journal=Frontiers in Veterinary Science |date=2020 |volume=7 |page=516 |doi=10.3389/fvets.2020.00516 |pmid=33005639 |pmc=7479178 |issn=2297-1769|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Larsson |first1=D. G. Joakim |last2=Flach |first2=Carl-Fredrik |title=Antibiotic resistance in the environment |journal=Nature Reviews Microbiology |date=May 2022 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=257–269 |doi=10.1038/s41579-021-00649-x |pmid=34737424 |pmc=8567979 |language=en |issn=1740-1534}}{{cite journal |last1=Mehdi |first1=Youcef |last2=Létourneau-Montminy |first2=Marie-Pierre |last3=Gaucher |first3=Marie-Lou |last4=Chorfi |first4=Younes |last5=Suresh |first5=Gayatri |last6=Rouissi |first6=Tarek |last7=Brar |first7=Satinder Kaur |last8=Côté |first8=Caroline |last9=Ramirez |first9=Antonio Avalos |last10=Godbout |first10=Stéphane |title=Use of antibiotics in broiler production: Global impacts and alternatives |journal=Animal Nutrition |date=1 June 2018 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=170–178 |doi=10.1016/j.aninu.2018.03.002 |pmid=30140756 |pmc=6103476 |s2cid=52071644 |language=en |issn=2405-6545}} – shows that it has declined in Europe and China (plateaued) due to new policy but increased globally (1 Feb).{{cite magazine |last1=McKenna |first1=Maryn |title=The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis Has a Troubling Twist |url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-antibiotic-resistance-crisis-has-a-troubling-twist/ |access-date=27 March 2023 |magazine=Wired}}{{cite journal |last1=Mulchandani |first1=Ranya |last2=Wang |first2=Yu |last3=Gilbert |first3=Marius |last4=Van Boeckel |first4=Thomas P. |title=Global trends in antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: 2020 to 2030 |journal=PLOS Global Public Health |date=1 February 2023 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=e0001305 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgph.0001305 |pmid=36963007 |pmc=10021213 |language=en |issn=2767-3375|doi-access=free}} Around 1 February, news report on 'super pigs' – invasive hybrids resulting from cross-breeding domestic pigs with wild boars, that are relatively intelligent, adaptable and resilient and by that time cause major economic- and environmental damage across North America as well as human health risks{{cite news |title=Hogs are running wild in the U.S.—and spreading disease |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/wild-hogs-swine-pigs-feral-us-disease-crops |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201125700/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/wild-hogs-swine-pigs-feral-us-disease-crops |archive-date=1 February 2023 |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=National Geographic |date=1 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=Gabbatt |first1=Adam |title='Incredibly intelligent, highly elusive': US faces new threat from Canadian 'super pig' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/20/us-threat-canada-super-pig-boar |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=20 February 2023}} – previously described as the "most prolific invasive mammals on Earth".{{cite journal |last1=Aschim |first1=Ruth A. |last2=Brook |first2=Ryan K. |title=Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread |journal=Scientific Reports |date=10 May 2019 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=7254 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-43729-y |pmid=31076638 |pmc=6510748 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.7254A |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}
News outlets report on a study (21 Nov 2022) demonstrating locust antennae implanted as biosensors into (bio-hybrid) robots for AI-interpreted machine olfaction.{{cite news |title=Israeli scientists develop sniffing robot with locust antennae |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/israeli-scientists-develop-sniffing-robot-with-locust-antennae-2023-02-06/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=Reuters |date=7 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Neta |first1=Shvil |last2=Ariel |first2=Golan |last3=Yossi |first3=Yovel |last4=Amir |first4=Ayali |last5=Ben |first5=Maoz M. |title=The Locust antenna as an odor discriminator |journal=Biosensors and Bioelectronics |date=1 February 2023 |volume=221 |page=114919 |doi=10.1016/j.bios.2022.114919 |pmid=36446198 |s2cid=253790885 |language=en |issn=0956-5663}}

File:Overview of DNA synthesis screening components.jpg and biosecurity to prevent engineered pandemics]]

File:Change from baseline to 12- and 24-month follow-up in DNAm measures of aging in the AL and CR groups in the CALERIE Trial.webp caloric restriction (CR) trial, CALERIE]]

File:CMB universe expansion.pngs report results that suggest black holes are the astrophysical origin of dark energy.]]

8 February
The minor planet Quaoar is found to have a ring system, following observations by the CHEOPS space telescope.{{Cite web|url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cheops/ESA_s_Cheops_finds_an_unexpected_ring_around_dwarf_planet_Quaoar|title=ESA's Cheops finds an unexpected ring around dwarf planet Quaoar|date=8 February 2023|access-date=9 February 2023|work=ESA|archive-date=8 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208233815/https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cheops/ESA_s_Cheops_finds_an_unexpected_ring_around_dwarf_planet_Quaoar|url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Morgado |first1=B. E. |last2=Sicardy |first2=B. |last3=Braga-Ribas |first3=F. |last4=Ortiz |first4=J. L. |last5=Salo |first5=H. |last6=Vachier |first6=F. |last7=Desmars |first7=J. |last8=Pereira |first8=C. L. |last9=Santos-Sanz |first9=P. |last10=Sfair |first10=R. |last11=de Santana |first11=T. |last12=Assafin |first12=M. |last13=Vieira-Martins |first13=R. |last14=Gomes-Júnior |first14=A. R. |last15=Margoti |first15=G. |last16=Dhillon |first16=V. S. |last17=Fernández-Valenzuela |first17=E. |last18=Broughton |first18=J. |last19=Bradshaw |first19=J. |last20=Langersek |first20=R. |last21=Benedetti-Rossi |first21=G. |last22=Souami |first22=D. |last23=Holler |first23=B. J. |last24=Kretlow |first24=M. |last25=Boufleur |first25=R. C. |last26=Camargo |first26=J. I. B. |last27=Duffard |first27=R. |last28=Beisker |first28=W. |last29=Morales |first29=N. |last30=Lecacheux |first30=J. |last31=Rommel |first31=F. L. |last32=Herald |first32=D. |last33=Benz |first33=W. |last34=Jehin |first34=E. |last35=Jankowsky |first35=F. |last36=Marsh |first36=T. R. |last37=Littlefair |first37=S. P. |last38=Bruno |first38=G. |last39=Pagano |first39=I. |last40=Brandeker |first40=A. |last41=Collier-Cameron |first41=A. |last42=Florén |first42=H. G. |last43=Hara |first43=N. |last44=Olofsson |first44=G. |last45=Wilson |first45=T. G. |last46=Benkhaldoun |first46=Z. |last47=Busuttil |first47=R. |last48=Burdanov |first48=A. |last49=Ferrais |first49=M. |last50=Gault |first50=D. |last51=Gillon |first51=M. |last52=Hanna |first52=W. |last53=Kerr |first53=S. |last54=Kolb |first54=U. |last55=Nosworthy |first55=P. |last56=Sebastian |first56=D. |last57=Snodgrass |first57=C. |last58=Teng |first58=J. P. |last59=de Wit |first59=J. |title=A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit |journal=Nature |date=February 2023 |volume=614 |issue=7947 |pages=239–243 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05629-6 |pmid=36755175 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..239M |hdl=10023/27188 |s2cid=256667345 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368363541 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription|hdl-access=free }}
Scientists in the U.S. propose mining the lunar soil and launching it towards the Sun to form a shield (space sunshade) against global warming.{{cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/can-shooting-clouds-of-moon-dust-towards-the-sun-combat-global-warming-12140482.html|title=Can shooting clouds of Moon dust towards the Sun combat global warming?|date=8 February 2023|work=Firstpost|access-date=11 February 2023|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211150140/https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/can-shooting-clouds-of-moon-dust-towards-the-sun-combat-global-warming-12140482.html|url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Bromley |first1=Benjamin C. |last2=Khan |first2=Sameer H. |last3=Kenyon |first3=Scott J. |title=Dust as a solar shield |journal=PLOS Climate |date=8 February 2023 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=e0000133 |doi=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000133 |language=en |issn=2767-3200|doi-access=free}}
Research institute press release: {{cite news|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/978998|title=Could space dust help protect the earth from climate change?|date=8 February 2023|work=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics via EurekAlert|access-date=11 February 2023|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211150143/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/978998|url-status=live}}
The first direct transfer of qubits between quantum computer microchips is demonstrated, with a 99.999993% accuracy rate and connection speed of 2424/s. The research team suggests their work has "the potential to scale-up by connecting hundreds or even thousands of quantum computing microchips."{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64492456|title=Quantum breakthrough could revolutionise computing|date=8 February 2023|work=BBC News|access-date=12 February 2023|archive-date=12 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212093450/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64492456|url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Akhtar |first1=M. |last2=Bonus |first2=F. |last3=Lebrun-Gallagher |first3=F. R. |last4=Johnson |first4=N. I. |last5=Siegele-Brown |first5=M. |last6=Hong |first6=S. |last7=Hile |first7=S. J. |last8=Kulmiya |first8=S. A. |last9=Weidt |first9=S. |last10=Hensinger |first10=W. K. |title=A high-fidelity quantum matter-link between ion-trap microchip modules |journal=Nature Communications |date=8 February 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=531 |doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35285-3 |pmid=36754957 |pmc=9908934 |arxiv=2203.14062 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14..531A |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{cite news|url=https://www.sussex.ac.uk/news/article/59995-sussex-scientists-make-breakthrough-in-developing-quantum-computers-that-can-solve-big-challenges-of-our-time|title=Sussex scientists make breakthrough in developing quantum computers that can solve big challenges of our time|date=8 February 2023|work=University of Sussex|access-date=12 February 2023|archive-date=12 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212060234/https://www.sussex.ac.uk/news/article/59995-sussex-scientists-make-breakthrough-in-developing-quantum-computers-that-can-solve-big-challenges-of-our-time|url-status=live}}
Two studies show how the microbiome can drive and interact with chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).{{cite news |title=Chronic fatigue syndrome is a puzzle. Your gut microbiome may have the key. |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-gut-microbiome-may-have-the-key |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309113747/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/chronic-fatigue-syndrome-gut-microbiome-may-have-the-key |archive-date=9 March 2023 |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=National Geographic |date=9 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Guo |first1=Cheng |last2=Che |first2=Xiaoyu |last3=Briese |first3=Thomas |last4=Ranjan |first4=Amit |last5=Allicock |first5=Orchid |last6=Yates |first6=Rachel A. |last7=Cheng |first7=Aaron |last8=March |first8=Dana |last9=Hornig |first9=Mady |last10=Komaroff |first10=Anthony L. |last11=Levine |first11=Susan |last12=Bateman |first12=Lucinda |last13=Vernon |first13=Suzanne D. |last14=Klimas |first14=Nancy G. |last15=Montoya |first15=Jose G. |last16=Peterson |first16=Daniel L. |last17=Lipkin |first17=W. Ian |last18=Williams |first18=Brent L. |title=Deficient butyrate-producing capacity in the gut microbiome is associated with bacterial network disturbances and fatigue symptoms in ME/CFS |journal=Cell Host & Microbe |date=8 February 2023 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=288–304.e8 |doi=10.1016/j.chom.2023.01.004 |pmid=36758522 |pmc=10183837 |language=en |issn=1931-3128|doi-access=free}}{{cite journal |last1=Xiong |first1=Ruoyun |last2=Gunter |first2=Courtney |last3=Fleming |first3=Elizabeth |last4=Vernon |first4=Suzanne D. |last5=Bateman |first5=Lucinda |last6=Unutmaz |first6=Derya |last7=Oh |first7=Julia |title=Multi-'omics of gut microbiome-host interactions in short- and long-term myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients |journal=Cell Host & Microbe |date=8 February 2023 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=273–287.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.chom.2023.01.001 |pmid=36758521 |pmc=10353054 |s2cid=256714025 |language=en |issn=1931-3128 }}
3D printing-like additive 3D assembly of matter using holographic sound fields is demonstrated, with early fields of applications including rapid biofabrication/TE, having several advantages over a similar method using light reported in 2017.{{cite news |last1=Catt |first1=Samantha |title=3D printing with sound |url=https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/3d-printing-with-sound/ |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Advanced Science News |date=7 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Melde |first1=Kai |last2=Kremer |first2=Heiner |last3=Shi |first3=Minghui |last4=Seneca |first4=Senne |last5=Frey |first5=Christoph |last6=Platzman |first6=Ilia |last7=Degel |first7=Christian |last8=Schmitt |first8=Daniel |last9=Schölkopf |first9=Bernhard |last10=Fischer |first10=Peer |title=Compact holographic sound fields enable rapid one-step assembly of matter in 3D |journal=Science Advances |date=10 February 2023 |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=eadf6182 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adf6182 |pmid=36753553 |pmc=9908023 |bibcode=2023SciA....9F6182M |language=en |issn=2375-2548}}
9 February
Scientists review safety-by-design technology- and policy-based approaches to ensure biosafety and biosecurity to prevent engineered pathogen pandemics, such as sequence screening and biocontainment systems, some of which already implemented and part of regulations to some degree.{{cite journal |last1=Hoffmann |first1=Stefan A. |last2=Diggans |first2=James |last3=Densmore |first3=Douglas |last4=Dai |first4=Junbiao |last5=Knight |first5=Tom |last6=Leproust |first6=Emily |last7=Boeke |first7=Jef D. |last8=Wheeler |first8=Nicole |last9=Cai |first9=Yizhi |title=Safety by design: Biosafety and biosecurity in the age of synthetic genomics |journal=iScience |date=17 March 2023 |volume=26 |issue=3 |page=106165 |doi=10.1016/j.isci.2023.106165 |pmid=36895643 |pmc=9988571 |bibcode=2023iSci...26j6165H |language=en |issn=2589-0042|doi-access=free}}{{additional citation needed|date=March 2023}}
A study reports results of the first longevity caloric restriction (CR) trial, CALERIE, finding that two years of CR slowed the pace of aging as measured by one of three aging clocks (modest DunedinPACE effects). A continuous 25% CR diet which already yielded the 2y DunedinPACE effects within one year.{{cite news |title=A calorie-restricted diet may slow aging in healthy adults, science shows |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/calorie-restricted-diet-may-slow-aging-healthy-adults-science-shows-rcna69562 |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=NBC News |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Waziry |first1=R. |last2=Ryan |first2=C. P. |last3=Corcoran |first3=D. L. |last4=Huffman |first4=K. M. |last5=Kobor |first5=M. S. |last6=Kothari |first6=M. |last7=Graf |first7=G. H. |last8=Kraus |first8=V. B. |last9=Kraus |first9=W. E. |last10=Lin |first10=D. T. S. |last11=Pieper |first11=C. F. |last12=Ramaker |first12=M. E. |last13=Bhapkar |first13=M. |last14=Das |first14=S. K. |last15=Ferrucci |first15=L. |last16=Hastings |first16=W. J. |last17=Kebbe |first17=M. |last18=Parker |first18=D. C. |last19=Racette |first19=S. B. |last20=Shalev |first20=I. |last21=Schilling |first21=B. |last22=Belsky |first22=D. W. |title=Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial |journal=Nature Aging |date=March 2023 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=248–257 |doi=10.1038/s43587-022-00357-y |pmid=37118425 |pmc=10148951 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}}
Researchers demonstrate a magnetic medical microbot, I-RAMAN, for cleaning clogged arteries which could (among other things) replace endovascular surgery with pigs and with a vascular model that has a pseudo blood clot. The separable and recombinable magnetic robots (SRMR) can be steered, separate, tunnel, deliver drugs, and recombine.{{cite news |last1=Nine |first1=Adrianna |title=Scientists Develop Tiny Robot That Assists With Endovascular Surgery |url=https://www.extremetech.com/science/scientists-develop-tiny-robot-that-assists-with-endovascular-surgery |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=ExtremeTech |date=13 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Sa |first1=Junchi |last2=Park |first2=Jimin |last3=Jung |first3=Eunsoo |last4=Kim |first4=Nahyun |last5=Lee |first5=Daehee |last6=Bae |first6=Suhong |last7=Lee |first7=Yonggu |last8=Jang |first8=Gunhee |title=Separable and Recombinable Magnetic Robot for Robotic Endovascular Intervention |journal=IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters |date=April 2023 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=1881–1888 |doi=10.1109/LRA.2023.3243801 |s2cid=256748992 |issn=2377-3766}}
13 February – Public health knowledge becomes more robust: a study demonstrates that school meal programs (the HHFKA) can substantially improve the health of youths as measured by BMI.{{cite news |last1=Chavez |first1=Janelle |title=Changes to US school meal program helped reduce BMI in children and teens, study says |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/13/health/school-meals-bmi-study-wellness/index.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=CNN}}{{cite journal |last1=Chandran |first1=Aruna |last2=Burjak |first2=Mohamad |last3=Petimar |first3=Joshua |last4=Hamra |first4=Ghassan |last5=Melough |first5=Melissa M. |last6=Dunlop |first6=Anne L. |last7=Snyder |first7=Brittney M. |last8=Litonjua |first8=Augusto A. |last9=Hartert |first9=Tina |last10=Gern |first10=James |last11=Alshawabkeh |first11=Akram N. |last12=Aschner |first12=Judy |last13=Camargo |first13=Carlos A. Jr |last14=Dabelea |first14=Dana |author-link14=Dana Dabelea| last15=Duarte |first15=Cristiane S. |last16=Ferrara |first16=Assiamira |last17=Ganiban |first17=Jody M. |last18=Gilliland |first18=Frank |last19=Gold |first19=Diane R. |last20=Hedderson |first20=Monique |last21=Herbstman |first21=Julie B. |last22=Hockett |first22=Christine |last23=Karagas |first23=Margaret R. |last24=Kerver |first24=Jean M. |last25=Lee-Sarwar |first25=Kathleen A. |last26=Lester |first26=Barry |last27=McEvoy |first27=Cindy T. |last28=Niu |first28=Zhongzheng |last29=Stanford |first29=Joseph B. |last30=Wright |first30=Rosalind |last31=Zimmerman |first31=Emily |last32=Farzan |first32=Shohreh |last33=Zhang |first33=Zhumin |last34=Knapp |first34=Emily |title=Changes in Body Mass Index Among School-Aged Youths Following Implementation of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 |journal=JAMA Pediatrics |date=13 February 2023 |volume=177 |issue=4 |pages=401–409 |doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.5828 |pmid=36780186 |pmc=9926355 |issn=2168-6203}} Scientists show associations between ultra-processed foods (such as breakfast cereals) consumption and cancer-related mortality in ~200,000 UK Biobank participants (31 Jan).{{cite news |title=Cancer warning as experts reveal new list of foods that increase risk |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/ultra-processed-foods-list-cancer-risk-b2274166.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=The Independent |date=2 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Chang |first1=Kiara |last2=Gunter |first2=Marc J. |last3=Rauber |first3=Fernanda |last4=Levy |first4=Renata B. |last5=Huybrechts |first5=Inge |last6=Kliemann |first6=Nathalie |last7=Millett |first7=Christopher |last8=Vamos |first8=Eszter P. |title=Ultra-processed food consumption, cancer risk and cancer mortality: a large-scale prospective analysis within the UK Biobank |journal=eClinicalMedicine |date=1 February 2023 |volume=56 |page=101840 |doi=10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101840 |pmid=36880051 |pmc=9985039 |language=en |issn=2589-5370|doi-access=free}} An umbrella review confirms that physical activity is highly beneficial (as in ~1.5 times more effective than counseling) for improving symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress in adults and should be one "mainstay approach" (1 Feb).{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Ben |last2=Olds |first2=Timothy |last3=Curtis |first3=Rachel |last4=Dumuid |first4=Dorothea |last5=Virgara |first5=Rosa |last6=Watson |first6=Amanda |last7=Szeto |first7=Kimberley |last8=O'Connor |first8=Edward |last9=Ferguson |first9=Ty |last10=Eglitis |first10=Emily |last11=Miatke |first11=Aaron |last12=Simpson |first12=Catherine EM |last13=Maher |first13=Carol |title=Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |date=16 February 2023 |volume=57 |issue=18 |pages=1203–1209 |doi=10.1136/bjsports-2022-106195 |pmid=36796860 |pmc=10579187 |s2cid=256941350 |language=en |issn=0306-3674}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Exercise more effective than medicines to manage mental health, says study |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-02-effective-medicines-mental-health.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=University of South Australia via medicalxpress.com |language=en}} A separate review comes to similar conclusions for depressive symptoms, also giving broad recommendations for the selection of exercise type(s), i.a. reporting AE and RE types showed large effects whereas mixing both did not (1 Feb).{{cite journal |last1=Heissel |first1=Andreas |last2=Heinen |first2=Darlene |last3=Brokmeier |first3=Luisa Leonie |last4=Skarabis |first4=Nora |last5=Kangas |first5=Maria |last6=Vancampfort |first6=Davy |last7=Stubbs |first7=Brendon |last8=Firth |first8=Joseph |last9=Ward |first9=Philip B. |last10=Rosenbaum |first10=Simon |last11=Hallgren |first11=Mats |last12=Schuch |first12=Felipe |title=Exercise as medicine for depressive symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression |journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine |date=1 February 2023 |volume=57 |issue=16 |pages=1049–1057 |doi=10.1136/bjsports-2022-106282 |pmid=36731907 |pmc=10423472 |s2cid=256460458 |language=en |issn=0306-3674}} Scientists, using data of ~9 million U.S. citizens, report worldwide-prevalent air pollution is a potential risk factor for late-onset depression (10 Feb).{{cite news |title=Long-term air pollution exposure raises depression risk: studies |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230210-long-term-air-pollution-exposure-raises-depression-risk-studies |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=France 24 |date=10 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Qiu |first1=Xinye |last2=Shi |first2=Liuhua |author3-link=Laura Kubzansky |last3=Kubzansky |first3=Laura D. |last4=Wei |first4=Yaguang |last5=Castro |first5=Edgar |last6=Li |first6=Haomin |last7=Weisskopf |first7=Marc G. |last8=Schwartz |first8=Joel D. |title=Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=10 February 2023 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=e2253668 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.53668|pmid=36763364 |pmc=9918878 |doi-access=free}} A study expands on the evidence of air pollution-related bone damage (14 Feb).{{cite journal |quote=...higher levels of air pollutants were associated with bone damage, particularly on lumbar spine, among postmenopausal women...nitrogen oxides exposure as a leading contributor to bone loss in postmenopausal women |last1=Prada |first1=Diddier |last2=Crandall |first2=Carolyn J. |last3=Kupsco |first3=Allison |last4=Kioumourtzoglou |first4=Marianthi-Anna |last5=Stewart |first5=James D. |last6=Liao |first6=Duanping |last7=Yanosky |first7=Jeff D. |last8=Ramirez |first8=Andrea |last9=Wactawski-Wende |first9=Jean |last10=Shen |first10=Yike |last11=Miller |first11=Gary |last12=Ionita-Laza |first12=Iuliana |last13=Whitsel |first13=Eric A. |last14=Baccarelli |first14=Andrea A. |title=Air pollution and decreased bone mineral density among Women's Health Initiative participants |journal=eClinicalMedicine |date=1 March 2023 |volume=57 |page=101864 |doi=10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101864 |pmid=36820096 |pmc=9938170 |language=en |issn=2589-5370}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Large study finds that air pollution speeds bone loss from osteoporosis |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-02-large-air-pollution-bone-loss.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=Columbia University via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
14 February
A new record low Antarctic sea ice extent is reported by the National Snow and Ice Data Center in the US, beating the previous record set a year earlier.{{cite news|url=https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2023/02/antarctic-sea-ice-extent-sets-a-new-record-low/|title=Antarctic sea ice extent sets a new record low|date=14 February 2023|work=National Snow and Ice Data Center|access-date=15 February 2023|archive-date=15 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215000604/https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2023/02/antarctic-sea-ice-extent-sets-a-new-record-low/|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/15/antarctic-sea-ice-hits-record-low-climate-crisis|title='Extreme situation': Antarctic sea ice hits record low|date=15 February 2023|work=The Guardian|access-date=15 February 2023|archive-date=15 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215152037/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/15/antarctic-sea-ice-hits-record-low-climate-crisis|url-status=live}}
Researchers report a potential first pharmacological acute contraception for men, 100% effective in tests with mice.{{cite news |title=Male birth control drug is 100 per cent effective in mice |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2359261-male-birth-control-drug-is-100-per-cent-effective-in-mice/ |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Balbach |first1=Melanie |last2=Rossetti |first2=Thomas |last3=Ferreira |first3=Jacob |last4=Ghanem |first4=Lubna |last5=Ritagliati |first5=Carla |last6=Myers |first6=Robert W. |last7=Huggins |first7=David J. |last8=Steegborn |first8=Clemens |last9=Miranda |first9=Ileana C. |last10=Meinke |first10=Peter T. |last11=Buck |first11=Jochen |last12=Levin |first12=Lonny R. |title=On-demand male contraception via acute inhibition of soluble adenylyl cyclase |journal=Nature Communications |date=14 February 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=637 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-36119-6 |pmid=36788210 |pmc=9929232 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14..637B |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
15 February
Two joint studies by the British Antarctic Survey and the US Antarctic programme find that glaciers on the icy continent may be more sensitive to changes in sea temperature than previously thought. Researchers used sensors and an underwater robot beneath the Thwaites glacier to study melting.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-64640796|title=Vast glacier at mercy of sea warmth increases|date=15 February 2023|work=BBC News|access-date=15 February 2023|archive-date=15 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215194026/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-64640796|url-status=live}}{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=B. E. |last2=Washam |first2=P. |last3=Davis |first3=P. E. D. |last4=Nicholls |first4=K. W. |last5=Holland |first5=D. M. |last6=Lawrence |first6=J. D. |last7=Riverman |first7=K. L. |last8=Smith |first8=J. A. |last9=Spears |first9=A. |last10=Dichek |first10=D. J. G. |last11=Mullen |first11=A. D. |last12=Clyne |first12=E. |last13=Yeager |first13=B. |last14=Anker |first14=P. |last15=Meister |first15=M. R. |last16=Hurwitz |first16=B. C. |last17=Quartini |first17=E. S. |last18=Bryson |first18=F. E. |last19=Basinski-Ferris |first19=A. |last20=Thomas |first20=C. |last21=Wake |first21=J. |last22=Vaughan |first22=D. G. |last23=Anandakrishnan |first23=S. |last24=Rignot |first24=E. |last25=Paden |first25=J. |last26=Makinson |first26=K. |title=Heterogeneous melting near the Thwaites Glacier grounding line |journal=Nature |date=February 2023 |volume=614 |issue=7948 |pages=471–478 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05691-0 |pmid=36792738 |pmc=9931587 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..471S |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}{{cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=Peter E. D. |last2=Nicholls |first2=Keith W. |last3=Holland |first3=David M. |last4=Schmidt |first4=Britney E. |last5=Washam |first5=Peter |last6=Riverman |first6=Kiya L. |last7=Arthern |first7=Robert J. |last8=Vaňková |first8=Irena |last9=Eayrs |first9=Clare |last10=Smith |first10=James A. |last11=Anker |first11=Paul G. D. |last12=Mullen |first12=Andrew D. |last13=Dichek |first13=Daniel |last14=Lawrence |first14=Justin D. |last15=Meister |first15=Matthew M. |last16=Clyne |first16=Elisabeth |last17=Basinski-Ferris |first17=Aurora |last18=Rignot |first18=Eric |last19=Queste |first19=Bastien Y. |last20=Boehme |first20=Lars |last21=Heywood |first21=Karen J. |last22=Anandakrishnan |first22=Sridhar |last23=Makinson |first23=Keith |title=Suppressed basal melting in the eastern Thwaites Glacier grounding zone |journal=Nature |date=February 2023 |volume=614 |issue=7948 |pages=479–485 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05586-0 |pmid=36792735 |pmc=9931584 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..479D |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
Scientists report that the possible sounds that ankylosaur dinosaurs may have made were bird-like vocalizations based on a finding of a fossilized larynx from the ankylosaur Pinacosaurus grangeri.{{cite news |last=Wilke |first=Carolyn |title=What Sounds Did Dinosaurs Make? - A new study of a fossilized ankylosaur suggests it could have uttered birdlike calls. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/24/science/dinosaur-sounds-fossils.html |date=24 February 2023 |work=The New York Times |access-date=26 February 2023 }}{{cite journal |last1=Yoshida |first1=Junki |last2=Kobayashi |first2=Yoshisuga |last3=Norell |first3=Mark a. |title=An ankylosaur larynx provides insights for bird-like vocalization in non-avian dinosaurs |date=15 February 2023 |journal=Communications Biology |volume=152 |issue=1 |page=152 |doi=10.1038/s42003-023-04513-x |pmid=36792659 |pmc=9932143 |doi-access=free}}
The engineering of metastructures that allow the electrical fields inside the device to be controlled at the sub-wavelength scale is shown to be a viable approach for developing ultra-fast electronics in 6G communications.{{cite news|url=https://actu.epfl.ch/news/electronic-metadevices-break-barriers-to-ultra-fas/|title=Electronic metadevices break barriers to ultra-fast communications|date=17 February 2023|work=EPFL|access-date=20 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Samizadeh Nikoo |first1=Mohammad |last2=Matioli |first2=Elison |title=Electronic metadevices for terahertz applications |journal=Nature |date=February 2023 |volume=614 |issue=7948 |pages=451–455 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05595-z |pmid=36792737 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..451S |s2cid=256875594 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368541674 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
Researchers report the development of Erodium-inspired self-burying seed carriers for aerial seeding of a large range of seed sizes in agriculture and reforestation.{{cite news |last1=Theresa |first1=Deena |title=This bioinspired seed carrier has an 80 percent success rate |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bioinspired-seed-carrier |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=15 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Danli |last2=Maheshwari |first2=Aditi |last3=Danielescu |first3=Andreea |last4=Li |first4=Jiaji |last5=Yang |first5=Yue |last6=Tao |first6=Ye |last7=Sun |first7=Lingyun |last8=Patel |first8=Dinesh K. |last9=Wang |first9=Guanyun |last10=Yang |first10=Shu |last11=Zhang |first11=Teng |last12=Yao |first12=Lining |title=Autonomous self-burying seed carriers for aerial seeding |journal=Nature |date=February 2023 |volume=614 |issue=7948 |pages=463–470 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05656-3 |pmid=36792743 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..463L |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368541739 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
Two studies (15 & 2 Feb) report observational evidence and calculations that indicate "stellar remnant black holes are the astrophysical origin of dark energy", as closer supermassive black holes appear to be much larger than distant ones (from the past) which suggests that their growth is driven by the expansion of the Universe, with them contributing "an effectively constant cosmological energy density", so "that black holes contribute cosmologically as vacuum energy", giving the Ω_Λ as measured by Planck. Their explanation depends on black holes containing dark energy and, if validated with more observations and studies of Einstein's theory of relativity, would solve one of the top key known questions of cosmology and would also avoid black hole singularities.{{cite news |title=Dark energy may have been hiding in the cores of black holes all along |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2359827-dark-energy-may-have-been-hiding-in-the-cores-of-black-holes-all-along/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Farrah |first1=Duncan |last2=Croker |first2=Kevin S. |last3=Zevin |first3=Michael |last4=Tarlé |first4=Gregory |last5=Faraoni |first5=Valerio |last6=Petty |first6=Sara |last7=Afonso |first7=Jose |last8=Fernandez |first8=Nicolas |last9=Nishimura |first9=Kurtis A. |last10=Pearson |first10=Chris |last11=Wang |first11=Lingyu |last12=Clements |first12=David L. |last13=Efstathiou |first13=Andreas |last14=Hatziminaoglou |first14=Evanthia |last15=Lacy |first15=Mark |last16=McPartland |first16=Conor |last17=Pitchford |first17=Lura K. |last18=Sakai |first18=Nobuyuki |last19=Weiner |first19=Joel |title=Observational Evidence for Cosmological Coupling of Black Holes and its Implications for an Astrophysical Source of Dark Energy |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=February 2023 |volume=944 |issue=2 |pages=L31 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acb704 |arxiv=2302.07878 |bibcode=2023ApJ...944L..31F |language=en |issn=2041-8205|doi-access=free}}{{cite journal |last1=Farrah |first1=Duncan |last2=Petty |first2=Sara |last3=Croker |first3=Kevin S. |last4=Tarlé |first4=Gregory |last5=Zevin |first5=Michael |last6=Hatziminaoglou |first6=Evanthia |last7=Shankar |first7=Francesco |last8=Wang |first8=Lingyu |last9=Clements |first9=David L. |last10=Efstathiou |first10=Andreas |last11=Lacy |first11=Mark |last12=Nishimura |first12=Kurtis A. |last13=Afonso |first13=Jose |last14=Pearson |first14=Chris |last15=Pitchford |first15=Lura K. |title=A Preferential Growth Channel for Supermassive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies at z ≲ 2 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=February 2023 |volume=943 |issue=2 |page=133 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/acac2e |arxiv=2212.06854 |bibcode=2023ApJ...943..133F |language=en |issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free}} A preprint (7 Feb) outlines, via draft theoretical modelling using an EoS partly motivated by loop quantum cosmology{{clarify|date=March 2023}} and FLRW, how dark energy could also enable a Big Bounce in the ultimate future – cyclical Big Bangs – by being nonlinear as in evolving between a high energy effective cosmological constant (ECC) and a low energy ECC "close to the observed dark energy density today", "sometimes growing the cosmos, sometimes shrinking it down until the conditions are right for a new Big Bang to occur".{{cite news |last1=Sutter |first1=Paul |title=Dark energy could lead to a second (and third, and fourth) Big Bang, new research suggests |url=https://www.livescience.com/dark-energy-could-lead-to-a-second-and-third-and-fourth-big-bang-new-research-suggests |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=Live Science |date=23 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Burkmar |first1=Molly |last2=Bruni |first2=Marco |title=Bouncing cosmology from nonlinear dark energy with two cosmological constants |journal=Physical Review D |date=7 February 2023|volume=107 |issue=8 |page=083533 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.107.083533 |arxiv=2302.03710 |bibcode=2023PhRvD.107h3533B |s2cid=256662518 }}
A study strengthens {{Crossreference|(see also 26 Sep 2022)}} the invalidation of the common argument for high medication costs that research and development (R&D) investments are reflected in and necessitate the treatment costs, finding that during recent decades, the largest biopharmaceutical companies spent more on selling, general and administrative activities (SG&A such as marketing and advertising) than on R&D, with the same largely also applying to share buybacks. It also mentions past public investments, suggests valuable innovation could get accelerated and concludes that high prices in specific as well as higher new medication price medians – both burdens to consumers and healthcare systems – are not justified.{{cite news |title=Hohe Medikamentenpreise nicht gerechtfertigt |url=https://science.orf.at/stories/3217697/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=science.ORF.at |date=16 February 2023 |language=de}}{{cite journal |last1=Angelis |first1=Aris |last2=Polyakov |first2=Roman |last3=Wouters |first3=Olivier J. |last4=Torreele |first4=Els |last5=McKee |first5=Martin |title=High drug prices are not justified by industry's spending on research and development |journal=BMJ |date=15 February 2023 |volume=380 |pages=e071710 |doi=10.1136/bmj-2022-071710 |pmid=36792119 |s2cid=256871306 |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/117809/1/HIGHDRUG_manuscript_24NOV_clean.pdf |language=en |issn=1756-1833}}
News report about the study: {{cite news |title=Pharma companies could provide new, affordable drugs by refocusing their spending, experts say |url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230216/Pharma-companies-could-provide-new-affordable-drugs-by-refocusing-their-spending-experts-say.aspx |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=News-Medical.net |date=16 February 2023 |language=en}}
16 February
An effective new method for carbon dioxide removal from the ocean is described. It could be implemented by ships that would process seawater as they travel, at offshore drilling platforms or aquaculture fish farms.{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Seoni |last2=Nitzsche |first2=Michael P. |last3=Rufer |first3=Simon B. |last4=Lake |first4=Jack R. |last5=Varanasi |first5=Kripa K. |last6=Hatton |first6=T. Alan |title=Asymmetric chloride-mediated electrochemical process for CO2 removal from oceanwater |journal=Energy & Environmental Science |date=13 February 2023 |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=2030–2044 |doi=10.1039/D2EE03804H |s2cid=256852962 |language=en |issn=1754-5706|doi-access=free }}
Research university press release: {{cite news|url=https://news.mit.edu/2023/carbon-dioxide-out-seawater-ocean-decorbonization-0216|title=How to pull carbon dioxide out of seawater|date=16 February 2023|work=MIT|access-date=20 February 2023}}
An international norms and arms control proposal for artificial intelligence in the military (such as LAWs and weapons decision-making), the Political Declaration on Responsible Military Use of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy, is published by the U.S. government.{{cite magazine |last1=Knight |first1=Will |title=Should Algorithms Control Nuclear Launch Codes? The US Says No |url=https://www.wired.com/story/fast-forward-should-algorithms-control-nuclear-launch-codes-the-us-says-no/ |access-date=27 March 2023 |magazine=Wired}}{{cite news |title=US issues declaration on responsible use of AI in the military |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-issues-declaration-responsible-use-ai-military-2023-02-16/ |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Reuters |date=16 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Political Declaration on Responsible Military Use of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy |url=https://www.state.gov/political-declaration-on-responsible-military-use-of-artificial-intelligence-and-autonomy/ |publisher=U.S. Department of State – Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance |access-date=27 March 2023 |date=16 February 2023}} The first international summit on military AI led to a joint unbinding statement by the U.S., China and other nations, with some external calls for starting negotiations on an internationally binding law or an enforcement-mechanisms-driven law.{{cite news |last1=Sterling |first1=Toby |title=U.S., China, other nations urge 'responsible' use of military AI |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-china-other-nations-urge-responsible-use-military-ai-2023-02-16/ |access-date=1 April 2023 |work=Reuters |date=16 February 2023 |language=en}}
A study models the burden of the global energy price crisis on household spending caused by the Russo-Ukrainian War, projecting economic mechanisms and fossil fuel dependency will potentially push an additional 78–141 million people into extreme poverty, "offering a basis for targeted support measures".{{cite news |last1=Lawson |first1=Alex |title=Soaring fuel bills may push 141m more into extreme poverty globally – study |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/feb/16/soaring-fuel-bills-may-push-141m-more-into-extreme-poverty-globally-study |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=16 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Guan |first1=Yuru |last2=Yan |first2=Jin |last3=Shan |first3=Yuli |last4=Zhou |first4=Yannan |last5=Hang |first5=Ye |last6=Li |first6=Ruoqi |last7=Liu |first7=Yu |last8=Liu |first8=Binyuan |last9=Nie |first9=Qingyun |last10=Bruckner |first10=Benedikt |last11=Feng |first11=Kuishuang |last12=Hubacek |first12=Klaus |title=Burden of the global energy price crisis on households |journal=Nature Energy |date=March 2023 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=304–316 |doi=10.1038/s41560-023-01209-8 |bibcode=2023NatEn...8..304G |s2cid=256968637 |language=en |issn=2058-7546}}
A study shows how many psychedelics promote neural plasticity as psychoplastogens: by getting inside nerve cells and activating 5-HT_2A receptors inside, rather than (only) on the surface, of cells, which can e.g. lead to antidepressant-like effects.{{cite news |title=Psychedelics may improve mental health by getting inside nerve cells |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/psychedelics-improve-mental-health-nerve-cells |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=Science News |date=16 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Vargas |first1=Maxemiliano V. |last2=Dunlap |first2=Lee E. |last3=Dong |first3=Chunyang |last4=Carter |first4=Samuel J. |last5=Tombari |first5=Robert J. |last6=Jami |first6=Shekib A. |last7=Cameron |first7=Lindsay P. |last8=Patel |first8=Seona D. |last9=Hennessey |first9=Joseph J. |last10=Saeger |first10=Hannah N. |last11=McCorvy |first11=John D. |last12=Gray |first12=John A. |last13=Tian |first13=Lin |last14=Olson |first14=David E. |title=Psychedelics promote neuroplasticity through the activation of intracellular 5-HT2A receptors |journal=Science |date=17 February 2023 |volume=379 |issue=6633 |pages=700–706 |doi=10.1126/science.adf0435 |pmid=36795823 |pmc=10108900 |bibcode=2023Sci...379..700V |s2cid=256901481 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}
18 February – Researchers report the development of a biocomposite 3D printing ink, BactoInk, containing calcium carbonate-producing microorganisms which could be used for restoration, artificial reefs and potentially bone-repair.{{cite news |last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=3D printable ink containing bacteria will be used in many fields |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bactoink-3d-printable-ink |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=24 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Hirsch |first1=Matteo |last2=Lucherini |first2=Lorenzo |last3=Zhao |first3=Ran |last4=Clarà Saracho |first4=Alexandra |last5=Amstad |first5=Esther |title=3D printing of living structural biocomposites |journal=Materials Today |date=1 January 2023 |volume=62 |pages=21–32 |doi=10.1016/j.mattod.2023.02.001 |language=en |issn=1369-7021|doi-access=free}}
19 February – A study reports that rationing has been neglected as a policy option for mitigating climate change, and, partly based on historical data and economic analysis, concludes that such personal carbon allowances (PCAs) for few or many products could help states reduce emissions rapidly and fairly. It suggests built-in fair shares mechanisms would be a key part of two-currency PCA economics and that carbon taxes-only economics would not have effects that are as quick and equitable, with their fairness issues potentially including disproportionate impacts on low-income populations (or intensified economic inequality in general). There could be 'carbon cards' for all-encompassing CAs (e.g. using life-cycle assessment for supermarket items {{Crossreference|[as in 8 Aug 2022]}}) or per-capita rationing of (scientifically) selected goods such as meat, flights, and/or fossil fuels to adapt to the scarce (physically limited) carbon budget available to meet goals. PCAs could also help address other issues such as the energy crisis and viably accelerate sustainability transitions of domains ranging from lifestyles to investments but may require smaller initial steps than an entire-population-national rationing implementation.{{cite news |title=Rationing could be an effective way to fight climate change |url=https://www.earth.com/news/rationing-could-be-an-effective-way-to-fight-climate-change/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=Earth.com |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Wood |first1=Nathan |last2=Lawlor |first2=Rob |last3=Freear |first3=Josie |title=Rationing and Climate Change Mitigation* |journal=Ethics, Policy & Environment |date=19 February 2023 |volume=27 |pages=1–29 |doi=10.1080/21550085.2023.2166342 |issn=2155-0085|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Rationing: A fairer way to fight climate change? |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-02-rationing-fairer-climate.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=University of Leeds via phys.org |language=en}}
20 February – Progress in sex-, reproduction-, and gender studies: a researcher reports "sexual loneliness" is increasing, is a neglected substantial public health problem (of men's health), and that the distribution of the number of lifetime sex partners is as unequal as the distribution of wealth among the most unequal countries and concentrating further – with the number of lifetime sex partners of the top 5% of American men rising substantially within a decade, accounting for more sex acts than the bottom 50% by 2012 – and that while "women can get attention from thousands of men online [with dating apps] in just a few hours, men are lucky if anyone is interested in them", which may be one aspect of gender equality and other issues or topics.{{cite news |title=What it's like to be a man in the top 0.01 per cent on dating apps |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex/dating-app-best-men-uk-b2286421.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=The Independent |date=21 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Räsänen |first1=Joona |title=Sexual loneliness: A neglected public health problem? |journal=Bioethics |date=February 2023 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=101–102 |doi=10.1111/bioe.13134 |pmid=36662712 |s2cid=256031783 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367325876 |language=en |issn=0269-9702}} News reports on a study (23 Jan) that investigates a subset of the well-being effects of dating app use.{{cite news |last1=Mann |first1=Denise |title=Looking for love on V-day? All that swiping may not help |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-02-v-day-swiping.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=phys.org |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=Marina F. |last2=Binder |first2=Alice |last3=Stevic |first3=Anja |last4=Matthes |first4=Jörg |title=99 + matches but a spark ain't one: Adverse psychological effects of excessive swiping on dating apps |journal=Telematics and Informatics |date=1 March 2023 |volume=78 |page=101949 |doi=10.1016/j.tele.2023.101949 |language=en |issn=0736-5853|doi-access=free }} A study reviews data on polygyny as a potential way for increasing fertility in developed countries (6 Feb).{{cite journal |last1=Larsen |first1=Mads |title=An evolutionary case for polygyny to counter demographic collapse |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |date=2023 |volume=14 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1062950 |pmid=36814655 |pmc=9939451 |issn=1664-1078|doi-access=free }} A review shows that investigated gender differences in basic skills are larger in more gender-equal countries, the gender-equality paradox (16 Feb).{{cite journal |last1=Balducci |first1=Marco |title=Linking gender differences with gender equality: A systematic-narrative literature review of basic skills and personality |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |date=2023 |volume=14 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105234 |pmid=36874846 |pmc=9978710 |issn=1664-1078|doi-access=free }} News reports on a study (19 Jan) that shows that "women are [now] 3 to 15 times more likely to be selected as members of the AAAS and NAS than men with similar publication and citation records".{{cite news |last1=Gilbert |first1=Natasha |title=Female scholars more likely than male counterparts to be elected to prestigious US scientific societies, finds study |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00501-7 |journal=Nature |date=17 February 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-00501-7}}{{cite journal |last1=Card |first1=David |last2=DellaVigna |first2=Stefano |last3=Funk |first3=Patricia |last4=Iriberri |first4=Nagore |title=Gender gaps at the academies |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=24 January 2023 |volume=120 |issue=4 |pages=e2212421120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2212421120|pmid=36656862 |pmc=9942810 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12012421C |doi-access=free}}

File:Architecture of an OI system for wetware computing.jpg' (OI).]]

21 February
Scientists report the findings of a "dark microbiome" of microorganisms in the Atacama Desert in Chile, a Mars-like region on Earth.{{cite news |last=Achenbach |first=Joel |title=Strange DNA found in the desert offers lessons in the hunt for Mars life |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2023/02/21/mars-life-atacama-microbiome/ |date=21 February 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=21 February 2023 }}{{cite journal |author=Azua-Bustos, Armando |display-authors=et al. |title=Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits |date=21 February 2023 |journal=Nature Communications |volume=14 |issue=808 |page=808 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-36172-1 |pmid=36810853 |pmc=9944251 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14..808A |doi-access=free}}
Neuroethicists propose a framework that differentiates consciousness into multiple (ten) dimensions, relevant to consciousness studies and questions about non-human consciousness, with nuanced cognitive capacity levels in each that via indicators could form comparable consciousness profiles.{{cite journal |last1=Dung |first1=Leonard |last2=Newen |first2=Albert |title=Profiles of animal consciousness: A species-sensitive, two-tier account to quality and distribution |journal=Cognition |date=1 June 2023 |volume=235 |page=105409 |doi=10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105409 |pmid=36821996 |s2cid=257054859 |language=en |issn=0010-0277|doi-access=free }}
University press release: {{cite news |title=How consciousness in animals could be researched |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-03-consciousness-animals.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Ruhr-Universitaet-Bochum via phys.org |language=en}} On 23 February, a study reports first brain recordings of freely moving octopuses, which are among the most intelligent animals of Earth, also enabling novel intelligence studies and finding both human-like and never-before-seen brain waves.{{cite news |title=Scientists have now recorded brain waves from freely moving octopuses |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/scientists-recorded-brain-waves-free-octopus |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Science News |first1=Nora |last1=Bradford|date=23 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Gutnick |first1=Tamar |last2=Neef |first2=Andreas |last3=Cherninskyi |first3=Andrii |last4=Ziadi-Künzli |first4=Fabienne |last5=Cosmo |first5=Anna Di |last6=Lipp |first6=Hans-Peter |last7=Kuba |first7=Michael J. |title=Recording electrical activity from the brain of behaving octopus |journal=Current Biology |date=27 March 2023 |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=1171–1178.e4 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.006 |pmid=36827988 |s2cid=255119379 |language=en |issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free }}
A study shows DNA methylation aging clocks could be useful indicators of health while social factors – such as health behaviors and poverty – are at least as good predictors and e.g. can better predict cognitive functioning.{{cite journal |last1=Faul |first1=Jessica D. |last2=Kim |first2=Jung Ki |last3=Levine |first3=Morgan E. |last4=Thyagarajan |first4=Bharat |last5=Weir |first5=David R. |last6=Crimmins |first6=Eileen M. |title=Epigenetic-based age acceleration in a representative sample of older Americans: Associations with aging-related morbidity and mortality |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=28 February 2023 |volume=120 |issue=9 |pages=e2215840120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2215840120|doi-access=free |pmid=36802439 |pmc=9992763 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12015840F |s2cid=257077345 }}
Authors' lay summary: {{cite news |last1=Crimmins |first1=Eileen |last2=Faul |first2=Jessica |title=Epigenetic and social factors both predict aging and health, but new research suggests one might be stronger |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-02-epigenetic-social-factors-aging-health.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
News article mentioning this and other studies: {{cite magazine |title=How Old Are You, Really? New Tests Want to Tell You |url=https://www.wired.com/story/how-old-are-you-really-new-tests-want-to-tell-you/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |magazine=WIRED |quote=These clocks were meant to be used by researchers to test the antiaging effects of drugs or lifestyle changes in animals or people. Indeed, studies have shown that people who test as biologically older than their chronological age are at increased risk of certain diseases and death. But companies have since sprung up to make clocks of their own or adapt existing ones into direct-to-consumer tests.}} Around February, Bryan Johnson's Project Blueprint for one of the first comprehensive, possibly largely public,{{cite web |title=blueprint |url=https://blueprint.bryanjohnson.co/ |website=blueprint.bryanjohnson.co |access-date=28 March 2023 |language=en}} (self-)experimentations of a comprehensive combination therapy informed by the large scientific corpus on the topic and organ measurements to maximally reverse biological age and (epigenetic) aging markers achieves substantial media attention,{{cite news |last1=Cava |first1=Marco della |title=With Project Blueprint, tech millionaire Bryan Johnson is trying to be 18 again. Literally. |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2023/01/27/want-feel-18-again-tech-ceo-spending-2-million/11133790002/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=USA TODAY}}{{cite news |title=Tech millionaire's reasonable explanation for why he spends $2m a year to be 18 again |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/bryan-johnson-age-18-blueprint-surgery-b2280122.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=The Independent |date=10 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite news |title='The Most Measured Man in Human History' |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/bryan-johnson-blueprint-aging-biotech/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=VICE |language=en}} with such activities previously largely reserved to biohackers without resources and means to evaluate effects.
22 February
Soft, 3D-printed heart replicas that can be personalised for individual patients are demonstrated by engineers for applications in device development, procedural planning, and outcome prediction.{{cite news |last1=Firtina |first1=Nergis |title=MIT scientists developed a 3D-printed heart that works like a real one |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/mit-scientists-3d-printed-heart |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=22 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Rosalia |first1=Luca |last2=Ozturk |first2=Caglar |last3=Goswami |first3=Debkalpa |last4=Bonnemain |first4=Jean |last5=Wang |first5=Sophie X. |last6=Bonner |first6=Benjamin |last7=Weaver |first7=James C. |last8=Puri |first8=Rishi |last9=Kapadia |first9=Samir |last10=Nguyen |first10=Christopher T. |last11=Roche |first11=Ellen T. |title=Soft robotic patient-specific hydrodynamic model of aortic stenosis and ventricular remodeling |journal=Science Robotics |date=22 February 2023 |volume=8 |issue=75 |pages=eade2184 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.ade2184 |pmid=36812335 |pmc=10280738 |s2cid=257079477 |language=en |issn=2470-9476}}
Research university press release: {{cite news|url=https://news.mit.edu/2023/custom-3d-printed-heart-replicas-patient-specific-0222|title=Custom, 3D-printed heart replicas look and pump just like the real thing|date=22 February 2023|work=MIT|access-date=24 February 2023}}
Concerns about and research of avian influenza (bird flu) H5N1 rise as increasing spillovers to and between mammals are reported,{{update inline|date=April 2023}}{{refn|name=birdflu|{{cite journal |last1=Abbasi |first1=Jennifer |title=Bird Flu Has Begun to Spread in Mammals—Here's What's Important to Know |journal=JAMA |date=28 February 2023 |volume=329 |issue=8 |pages=619–621 |doi=10.1001/jama.2023.1317 |pmid=36753673 |s2cid=256696105 |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2801499 |issn=0098-7484|url-access=subscription}}{{cite news |title='Incredibly concerning': Bird flu outbreak at Spanish mink farm triggers pandemic fears |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/incredibly-concerning-bird-flu-outbreak-spanish-mink-farm-triggers-pandemic-fears |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Science |language=en}}{{cite bioRxiv |last1=Gamarra-Toledo |first1=Víctor |last2=Plaza |first2=Pablo I. |last3=Gutiérrez |first3=Roberto |last4=Inga-Diaz |first4=Giancarlo |last5=Saravia-Guevara |first5=Patricia |last6=Pereyra-Meza |first6=Oliver |last7=Coronado-Flores |first7=Elver |last8=Calderón-Cerrón |first8=Antonio |last9=Quiroz-Jiménez |first9=Gonzalo |last10=Martinez |first10=Paola |last11=Huamán-Mendoza |first11=Deyvis |last12=Nieto-Navarrete |first12=José C. |last13=Ventura |first13=Sandra |last14=Lambertucci |first14=Sergio A. |title=Mass Mortality of Marine Mammals Associated to Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus (H5N1) in South America |language=en |biorxiv=10.1101/2023.02.08.527769 |date=3 March 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Rendall |first1=Jessica |title=Everything We Know About the Bird Flu |url=https://www.cnet.com/health/medical/everything-we-know-about-the-bird-flu/ |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=CNET |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Agüero |first1=Montserrat |last2=Monne |first2=Isabella |last3=Sánchez |first3=Azucena |last4=Zecchin |first4=Bianca |last5=Fusaro |first5=Alice |last6=Ruano |first6=María José |last7=Arrojo |first7=Manuel del Valle |last8=Fernández-Antonio |first8=Ricardo |last9=Souto |first9=Antonio Manuel |last10=Tordable |first10=Pedro |last11=Cañás |first11=Julio |last12=Bonfante |first12=Francesco |last13=Giussani |first13=Edoardo |last14=Terregino |first14=Calogero |last15=Orejas |first15=Jesús Javier |title=Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in farmed minks, Spain, October 2022 |journal=Eurosurveillance |date=19 January 2023 |volume=28 |issue=3 |page=2300001 |doi=10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.3.2300001 |pmid=36695488 |pmc=9853945 |language=en |issn=1560-7917}}
News article about the study: {{cite news |last1=Pelley |first1=Lauren |title=Bird flu keeps spreading beyond birds. Scientists worry it signals a growing threat to humans, too|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/bird-flu-keeps-spreading-beyond-birds-scientists-worry-it-signals-a-growing-threat-to-humans-too-1.6732287 |work=CBC News|access-date=27 March 2023 |date=2 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Vreman |first1=Sandra |last2=Kik |first2=Marja |last3=Germeraad |first3=Evelien |last4=Heutink |first4=Rene |last5=Harders |first5=Frank |last6=Spierenburg |first6=Marcel |last7=Engelsma |first7=Marc |last8=Rijks |first8=Jolianne |last9=van den Brand |first9=Judith |last10=Beerens |first10=Nancy |title=Zoonotic Mutation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Identified in the Brain of Multiple Wild Carnivore Species |journal=Pathogens |date=February 2023 |volume=12 |issue=2 |page=168 |doi=10.3390/pathogens12020168 |pmid=36839440 |pmc=9961074 |language=en |issn=2076-0817|doi-access=free }}
University press release: {{cite news |title=No spread of H5N1 bird flu between mammals found |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-01-h5n1-bird-flu-mammals.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Wageningen University via phys.org |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=Docter-Loeb |first1=Hannah |title=Vaccine Makers Are Preparing for Bird Flu |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/vaccine-makers-are-preparing-for-bird-flu/ |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}}} with the incoming WHO chief scientist warning governments should invest in H5N1 vaccines for all flu strains,{{cite news |last1=Grover |first1=Natalie |title=Develop vaccines for all animal influenza strain, says incoming WHO chief scientist |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/develop-vaccines-all-animal-influenza-strain-says-incoming-who-chief-scientist-2023-02-20/ |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Reuters |date=21 February 2023 |language=en}} and prepare for a potential outbreak among humans (pandemic preparedness),{{cite news |last1=de Jesús |first1=Erin Garcia |title=Bird flu can jump to mammals. Should we worry? |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/bird-flu-mammals-influenza-pandemic |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=Science News |date=6 March 2023}} which, if there is a significant risk, could possibly also be prevented.{{cite journal |last1=Sidik |first1=Saima May |title=How to stop the bird flu outbreak becoming a pandemic |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00591-3 |access-date=27 March 2023 |journal=Nature |date=1 March 2023 |volume=615 |issue=7951 |pages=196–197 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-00591-3|pmid=36859671 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..196S |s2cid=257283026 |url-access=subscription }}
Archaeologists report the earliest evidence of bow and arrow use outside Africa {{Crossreference|(see also 12 Jun 20)}} – ~54,000 years ago in France, showing the earliest known H. sapiens to migrate into Neandertal territories used these technologies.{{cite news |last1=Hunt |first1=Katie |title=Earliest evidence of bow and arrow use outside Africa unearthed in France |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/23/world/france-cave-earliest-bow-arrow-use-outside-africa-scn/index.html |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=CNN}}{{cite journal |last1=Metz |first1=Laure |last2=Lewis |first2=Jason E. |last3=Slimak |first3=Ludovic |title=Bow-and-arrow, technology of the first modern humans in Europe 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France |journal=Science Advances |date=24 February 2023 |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=eadd4675 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.add4675|pmid=36812314 |pmc=9946345 |bibcode=2023SciA....9D4675M }}
23 February
The world's first COVID-19 drug designed by generative AI is approved for human use, with clinical trials expected to begin in China. The new drug, ISM3312, is developed by Insilico Medicine.{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2023/02/23/its-perfect-worlds-first-generative-ai-designed-covid-drug-to-start-clinical-trials.html|title='It's perfect': World's first generative AI-designed COVID drug to start clinical trials|date=23 February 2023|work=The Star|access-date=24 February 2023}}
The growing of electrodes in the living tissue of zebrafish (including in the brain) and medicinal leeches is demonstrated, using an injectable gel and the animals' own endogenous molecules to trigger the formation. The researchers claim their breakthrough enables "a new paradigm in bioelectronics."{{cite news |title=A gel cocktail uses the body's sugars to 'grow' electrodes in living fish |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/gel-body-sugar-grow-electrodes-fish |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=Science News |date=23 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Strakosas |first1=Xenofon |last2=Biesmans |first2=Hanne |last3=Abrahamsson |first3=Tobias |last4=Hellman |first4=Karin |last5=Ejneby |first5=Malin Silverå |last6=Donahue |first6=Mary J. |last7=Ekström |first7=Peter |last8=Ek |first8=Fredrik |last9=Savvakis |first9=Marios |last10=Hjort |first10=Martin |last11=Bliman |first11=David |last12=Linares |first12=Mathieu |last13=Lindholm |first13=Caroline |last14=Stavrinidou |first14=Eleni |last15=Gerasimov |first15=Jennifer Y. |last16=Simon |first16=Daniel T. |last17=Olsson |first17=Roger |last18=Berggren |first18=Magnus |title=Metabolite-induced in vivo fabrication of substrate-free organic bioelectronics |journal=Science |date=24 February 2023 |volume=379 |issue=6634 |pages=795–802 |doi=10.1126/science.adc9998 |pmid=36821679 |bibcode=2023Sci...379..795S |s2cid=257103107 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368755066}}
University press release: {{cite news|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/980082|title=Electrodes grown in the brain – paving the way for future therapies for neurological disorders |date=23 February 2023|work=Linköping University via EurekAlert!|access-date=27 February 2023}}
After the EU's ECHA published a restriction policy proposal for all PFAS on 7 February which would largely ban the use of these harmful 'forever chemicals',{{cite news |last1=Burger |first1=Ludwig |title=EU considers ban on 'forever chemicals', urges search for alternatives |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/eu-considers-ban-forever-chemicals-urges-search-alternatives-2023-02-07/ |access-date=10 April 2023 |work=Reuters |date=7 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Mögliches Verbot der PFAS |url=https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/rapid-reaction/details/news/moegliches-verbot-der-pfas/ |website=www.sciencemediacenter.de |access-date=1 April 2023 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=ECHA publishes PFAS restriction proposal|url=https://echa.europa.eu/-/echa-publishes-pfas-restriction-proposal |website=echa.europa.eu |access-date=26 March 2023}} scientific journalists of "The Forever Pollution Project" release the first comprehensive map of PFAS contamination for Europe.{{cite web |title=The Forever Pollution Project – Journalists tracking PFAS across Europe |url=https://foreverpollution.eu/ |website=foreverpollution.eu |access-date=26 March 2023}}{{cite news |title='Forever pollution': Explore the map of Europe's PFAS contamination |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/02/23/forever-pollution-explore-the-map-of-europe-s-pfas-contamination_6016905_8.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=Le Monde.fr |date=23 February 2023 |language=en}} While the map only shows contamination of surface- and groundwater but not bottled and tap water, consumers could protect their health using specific types of faucet water filters.{{cite news |last1=LaMotte |first1=Sandee |title=How to reduce PFAS in your drinking water, according to experts |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/10/health/pfas-water-filters-food-wellness |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=CNN |date=14 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite news |title=Is tap water safe to drink? Here's what you really need to know. |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/tap-drinking-water-health-safety-pfas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320172833/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/tap-drinking-water-health-safety-pfas |archive-date=20 March 2023 |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=Environment |date=20 March 2023 |language=en}} A map released on 22 February by EWG integrates scientific data about prevalent PFAS contamination of wildlife.{{cite news |last1=Einhorn |first1=Catrin |title=How Widespread Are These Toxic Chemicals? They're Everywhere. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/22/climate/pfas-forever-chemicals-wildlife-animals.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=22 February 2023}}
27 February
The channelling of ions into defined pathways in perovskite materials is shown to improve the stability and operational performance of perovskite solar cells. A research team claims this could boost their efficiency from 25 to 40%.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/solar-power-perovskite-renewable-energy-b2290451.html|title=Solar breakthrough paves way for first 'miracle material' panels |date=27 February 2023|work=The Independent|access-date=28 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Ghasemi |first1=Masoud |last2=Guo |first2=Boyu |last3=Darabi |first3=Kasra |last4=Wang |first4=Tonghui |last5=Wang |first5=Kai |last6=Huang |first6=Chiung-Wei |last7=Lefler |first7=Benjamin M. |last8=Taussig |first8=Laine |last9=Chauhan |first9=Mihirsinh |last10=Baucom |first10=Garrett |last11=Kim |first11=Taesoo |last12=Gomez |first12=Enrique D. |last13=Atkin |first13=Joanna M. |last14=Priya |first14=Shashank |last15=Amassian |first15=Aram |title=A multiscale ion diffusion framework sheds light on the diffusion–stability–hysteresis nexus in metal halide perovskites |journal=Nature Materials |date=March 2023 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=329–337 |doi=10.1038/s41563-023-01488-2 |pmid=36849816 |bibcode=2023NatMa..22..329G |s2cid=257230435 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-023-01488-2 |language=en |issn=1476-4660|url-access=subscription}}
University press release: {{cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230227132525.htm|title=Corralling ions improves viability of next generation solar cells |date=27 February 2023|work=North Carolina State University via Science Daily|access-date=28 February 2023}}
A study links the common artificial sweetener erythritol to substantially increased major cardiovascular event risk, also elucidating causal mechanics via in vivo data. One author explains that if "your blood level of erythritol was in the top 25% compared to the bottom 25%, there was about a two-fold higher risk for heart attack and stroke. It's on par with the strongest of cardiac risk factors, like diabetes".{{cite news |last1=LaMotte |first1=Sandee |title=Zero-calorie sweetener linked to heart attack, stroke, study finds |url=https://us.cnn.com/2023/02/27/health/zero-calorie-sweetener-heart-attack-stroke-wellness |access-date=27 March 2023 |work=CNN}}{{cite web |title=Erythritol and cardiovascular events |url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/erythritol-cardiovascular-events |publisher=National Institutes of Health (NIH) |access-date=27 March 2023 |language=EN |date=13 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Witkowski |first1=Marco |last2=Nemet |first2=Ina |last3=Alamri |first3=Hassan |last4=Wilcox |first4=Jennifer |last5=Gupta |first5=Nilaksh |last6=Nimer |first6=Nisreen |last7=Haghikia |first7=Arash |last8=Li |first8=Xinmin S. |last9=Wu |first9=Yuping |last10=Saha |first10=Prasenjit Prasad |last11=Demuth |first11=Ilja |last12=König |first12=Maximilian |last13=Steinhagen-Thiessen |first13=Elisabeth |last14=Cajka |first14=Tomas |last15=Fiehn |first15=Oliver |last16=Landmesser |first16=Ulf |last17=Tang |first17=W. H. Wilson |last18=Hazen |first18=Stanley L. |title=The artificial sweetener erythritol and cardiovascular event risk |journal=Nature Medicine |date=March 2023 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=710–718 |doi=10.1038/s41591-023-02223-9 |pmid=36849732 |pmc=10334259 |s2cid=257232036 |language=en |issn=1546-170X }}
28 February
Scientists coalesce recent developments {{Crossreference|(see also 26 Dec 2022)}} using human brain organoids into a new field they term organoid intelligence (OI), seeking to harness OI for computing – as a novel type of AI – in an ethically responsible way. Networks of such miniature tissues could become functional using stimulus-response training or organoid-computer interfaces – to potentially become "more powerful than silicon-based computing" for a range of tasks – and could also be used for research of various pathophysiologies, brain development, human learning, memory and intelligence, and new therapeutic approaches against brain diseases.{{cite news |last1=Strickland |first1=Ashley |title=Move over, artificial intelligence. Scientists announce a new 'organoid intelligence' field |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/02/world/brain-computer-organoids-scn/index.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |work=CNN}}{{cite journal |last1=Smirnova |first1=Lena |last2=Caffo |first2=Brian S. |last3=Gracias |first3=David H. |last4=Huang |first4=Qi |last5=Morales Pantoja |first5=Itzy E. |last6=Tang |first6=Bohao |last7=Zack |first7=Donald J. |last8=Berlinicke |first8=Cynthia A. |last9=Boyd |first9=J. Lomax |last10=Harris |first10=Timothy D. |last11=Johnson |first11=Erik C. |last12=Kagan |first12=Brett J. |last13=Kahn |first13=Jeffrey |last14=Muotri |first14=Alysson R. |last15=Paulhamus |first15=Barton L. |last16=Schwamborn |first16=Jens C. |last17=Plotkin |first17=Jesse |last18=Szalay |first18=Alexander S. |last19=Vogelstein |first19=Joshua T. |last20=Worley |first20=Paul F. |last21=Hartung |first21=Thomas |title=Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish |journal=Frontiers in Science |date=28 February 2023 |volume=1 |page=1017235 |doi=10.3389/fsci.2023.1017235 |issn=2813-6330|doi-access=free}}
Promising results of therapeutic candidates are reported: a phase 3 trialed pegylated interferon lambda against COVID-19 (and other viruses) (9 Feb), a monkey-tested potential first Marburg virus vaccine (10 Feb),{{cite news |title=WHO hopes to test an experimental Marburg virus vaccine amid outbreak in Equatorial Guinea |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/hopes-test-marburg-virus-vaccine-equatorial-guinea-outbreak-rcna70595 |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=NBC News |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=O'Donnell |first1=Kyle L. |last2=Feldmann |first2=Friederike |last3=Kaza |first3=Benjamin |last4=Clancy |first4=Chad S. |last5=Hanley |first5=Patrick W. |last6=Fletcher |first6=Paige |last7=Marzi |first7=Andrea |title=Rapid protection of nonhuman primates against Marburg virus disease using a single low-dose VSV-based vaccine |journal=eBioMedicine |date=1 March 2023 |volume=89 |page=104463 |doi=10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104463 |pmid=36774693 |pmc=9947254 |language=en |issn=2352-3964}} in human neurons and in mice tested in-use lamotrigine for recovering MYT1L-caused autism (14 Feb),{{cite journal |last1=Weigel |first1=Bettina |last2=Tegethoff |first2=Jana F. |last3=Grieder |first3=Sarah D. |last4=Lim |first4=Bryce |last5=Nagarajan |first5=Bhuvaneswari |last6=Liu |first6=Yu-Chao |last7=Truberg |first7=Jule |last8=Papageorgiou |first8=Dimitris |last9=Adrian-Segarra |first9=Juan M. |last10=Schmidt |first10=Laura K. |last11=Kaspar |first11=Janina |last12=Poisel |first12=Eric |last13=Heinzelmann |first13=Elisa |last14=Saraswat |first14=Manu |last15=Christ |first15=Marleen |last16=Arnold |first16=Christian |last17=Ibarra |first17=Ignacio L. |last18=Campos |first18=Joaquin |last19=Krijgsveld |first19=Jeroen |last20=Monyer |first20=Hannah |last21=Zaugg |first21=Judith B. |last22=Acuna |first22=Claudio |last23=Mall |first23=Moritz |title=MYT1L haploinsufficiency in human neurons and mice causes autism-associated phenotypes that can be reversed by genetic and pharmacologic intervention |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |date=14 February 2023 |volume=28 |issue=5 |pages=2122–2135 |doi=10.1038/s41380-023-01959-7 |pmid=36782060 |pmc=10575775 |language=en |issn=1476-5578|doi-access=free}} phase 3 trial results (~94% efficacy against severe disease) for one of the three late-stage and near-FDA-approval RSV vaccines in elderly (16 Feb),{{cite news |title=The race to an RSV vaccine is nearly over, decades after the first attempt |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/rsv-vaccine-candidates-timeline-fda-approval-rcna70777 |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=NBC News |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=Haelle |first1=Tara |title=RSV Vaccines Are Nearly Here after Decades of False Starts |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rsv-vaccines-are-nearly-here-after-decades-of-false-starts/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Papi |first1=Alberto |last2=Ison |first2=Michael G. |last3=Langley |first3=Joanne M. |last4=Lee |first4=Dong-Gun |last5=Leroux-Roels |first5=Isabel |last6=Martinon-Torres |first6=Federico |last7=Schwarz |first7=Tino F. |last8=van Zyl-Smit |first8=Richard N. |last9=Campora |first9=Laura |last10=Dezutter |first10=Nancy |last11=de Schrevel |first11=Nathalie |last12=Fissette |first12=Laurence |last13=David |first13=Marie-Pierre |last14=Van der Wielen |first14=Marie |last15=Kostanyan |first15=Lusine |last16=Hulstrøm |first16=Veronica |title=Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Older Adults |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=16 February 2023 |volume=388 |issue=7 |pages=595–608 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2209604 |pmid=36791160 |s2cid=256900243 |language=en |issn=0028-4793|url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01GWJBWW7HVDMHS20ZHQ89M4W8 |hdl=1959.4/unsworks_84474 |hdl-access=free }} one of two phase 2 trialed RSV vaccines (16 Feb),{{cite journal |last1=Falsey |first1=Ann R. |last2=Williams |first2=Kristi |last3=Gymnopoulou |first3=Efi |last4=Bart |first4=Stephan |last5=Ervin |first5=John |last6=Bastian |first6=Arangassery R. |last7=Menten |first7=Joris |last8=De Paepe |first8=Els |last9=Vandenberghe |first9=Sjouke |last10=Chan |first10=Eric K.H. |last11=Sadoff |first11=Jerald |last12=Douoguih |first12=Macaya |last13=Callendret |first13=Benoit |last14=Comeaux |first14=Christy A. |last15=Heijnen |first15=Esther |title=Efficacy and Safety of an Ad26.RSV.preF–RSV preF Protein Vaccine in Older Adults |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=16 February 2023 |volume=388 |issue=7 |pages=609–620 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2207566 |pmid=36791161 |s2cid=256898496 |language=en |issn=0028-4793}} a trialed electrical stimulation of cervical spinal circuits against post-stroke hemiparesis (20 Feb),{{cite news |last1=Belluck |first1=Pam |title=Helping Stroke Patients Regain Movement in Their Hands |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/20/health/stroke-treatment-stimulation.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=20 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Powell |first1=Marc P. |last2=Verma |first2=Nikhil |last3=Sorensen |first3=Erynn |last4=Carranza |first4=Erick |last5=Boos |first5=Amy |last6=Fields |first6=Daryl P. |last7=Roy |first7=Souvik |last8=Ensel |first8=Scott |last9=Barra |first9=Beatrice |last10=Balzer |first10=Jeffrey |last11=Goldsmith |first11=Jeff |last12=Friedlander |first12=Robert M. |last13=Wittenberg |first13=George F. |last14=Fisher |first14=Lee E. |last15=Krakauer |first15=John W. |last16=Gerszten |first16=Peter C. |last17=Pirondini |first17=Elvira |last18=Weber |first18=Douglas J. |last19=Capogrosso |first19=Marco |title=Epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord for post-stroke upper-limb paresis |journal=Nature Medicine |date=March 2023 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=689–699 |doi=10.1038/s41591-022-02202-6 |pmid=36807682 |pmc=10291889 |s2cid=257074200 |language=en |issn=1546-170X|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368665696|url-access=subscription}} a phase 3 trialed MPC{{clarify|date=March 2023}} stem cell therapy against cardiac events in people with HFrEF heart failure (27 Feb).{{cite news |title=Stem cell therapy helps people with chronic heart failure |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/stem-cell-therapy-chronic-heart-failure/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=cosmosmagazine.com |date=9 March 2023 |language=en-AU}}{{cite journal |last1=Perin |first1=Emerson C. |last2=Borow |first2=Kenneth M. |last3=Henry |first3=Timothy D. |last4=Mendelsohn |first4=Farrell O. |last5=Miller |first5=Leslie W. |last6=Swiggum |first6=Elizabeth |last7=Adler |first7=Eric D. |last8=Chang |first8=David H. |last9=Fish |first9=R. David |last10=Bouchard |first10=Alain |last11=Jenkins |first11=Margaret |last12=Yaroshinsky |first12=Alex |last13=Hayes |first13=Jack |last14=Rutman |first14=Olga |last15=James |first15=Christopher W. |last16=Rose |first16=Eric |last17=Itescu |first17=Silviu |last18=Greenberg |first18=Barry |title=Randomized Trial of Targeted Transendocardial Mesenchymal Precursor Cell Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure |journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology |date=7 March 2023 |volume=81 |issue=9 |pages=849–863 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.061 |pmid=36858705 |s2cid=257241861 |language=en |issn=0735-1097|doi-access=free }}
Progress in screening or diagnosis: a news-reported possibly inexpensive high-throughput static droplet microfluidic device against cancer that isolates and metabolomically analyzes circulating tumor cells in blood (16 Dec 2022),{{cite news |title=This device can easily, cheaply detect cancer cells in a blood sample |url=https://newatlas.com/medical/device-detect-cancer-blood-sample/ |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=New Atlas |date=28 February 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Radfar |first1=Payar |last2=Ding |first2=Lin |last3=de la Fuente |first3=Laura Rodriguez |last4=Aboulkheyr |first4=Hamidreza |last5=Gallego-Ortega |first5=David |last6=Warkiani |first6=Majid Ebrahimi |title=Rapid metabolomic screening of cancer cells via high-throughput static droplet microfluidics |journal=Biosensors and Bioelectronics |date=1 March 2023 |volume=223 |page=114966 |doi=10.1016/j.bios.2022.114966 |pmid=36580816 |s2cid=254819610 |language=en |issn=0956-5663}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=New device can detect cancer cells without invasive and expensive surgery |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-02-device-cancer-cells-invasive-expensive.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=University of Technology, Sydney via medicalxpress.com |language=en}} retinal eye screening and monitoring biomarkers against Alzheimer's disease (AD) (9 Feb),{{cite news |last1=LaMotte |first1=Sandee |title=Alzheimer's first signs may appear in your eyes, study finds |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/24/health/eye-early-alzheimers-diagnosis-wellness/index.html |access-date=28 March 2023 |work=CNN |date=24 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Koronyo |first1=Yosef |last2=Rentsendorj |first2=Altan |last3=Mirzaei |first3=Nazanin |last4=Regis |first4=Giovanna C. |last5=Sheyn |first5=Julia |last6=Shi |first6=Haoshen |last7=Barron |first7=Ernesto |last8=Cook-Wiens |first8=Galen |last9=Rodriguez |first9=Anthony R. |last10=Medeiros |first10=Rodrigo |last11=Paulo |first11=Joao A. |last12=Gupta |first12=Veer B. |last13=Kramerov |first13=Andrei A. |last14=Ljubimov |first14=Alexander V. |last15=Van Eyk |first15=Jennifer E. |last16=Graham |first16=Stuart L. |last17=Gupta |first17=Vivek K. |last18=Ringman |first18=John M. |last19=Hinton |first19=David R. |last20=Miller |first20=Carol A. |last21=Black |first21=Keith L. |last22=Cattaneo |first22=Antonino |last23=Meli |first23=Giovanni |last24=Mirzaei |first24=Mehdi |last25=Fuchs |first25=Dieu-Trang |last26=Koronyo-Hamaoui |first26=Maya |title=Retinal pathological features and proteome signatures of Alzheimer's disease |journal=Acta Neuropathologica |date=1 April 2023 |volume=145 |issue=4 |pages=409–438 |doi=10.1007/s00401-023-02548-2 |pmid=36773106 |pmc=10020290 |language=en |issn=1432-0533}} autoantibody biomarkers in blood for inexpensively detecting AD (21 Feb).{{cite journal |last1=DeMarshall |first1=Cassandra A. |last2=Viviano |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Emrani |first3=Sheina |last4=Thayasivam |first4=Umashanger |last5=Godsey |first5=George A. |last6=Sarkar |first6=Abhirup |last7=Belinka |first7=Benjamin |last8=Libon |first8=David J. |last9=Nagele |first9=Robert G. |title=Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology Using a Multi-Disease Diagnostic Platform Employing Autoantibodies as Blood-Based Biomarkers |journal=Journal of Alzheimer's Disease |date=1 January 2023 |volume=Preprint |issue=Preprint |pages=1077–1091 |doi=10.3233/JAD-221091 |pmid=36847005 |pmc=10116135 |s2cid=257124660 |language=en |issn=1387-2877}}

=March=

File:OpenAI_Logo.svg, an artificial intelligence software able to generate human-like text.]]

File:Maat_Mons_on_Venus.jpg is presented.]]

{{vanchor|1 March}}
Biological organoid intelligence {{see above|28 Feb}}, 'Brainoware', is demonstrated to solve computational tasks (non-linear equations) in a preprint, with implications for bioethics and potential bottlenecks and limits of nonbio-AI.{{cite news |title=Human brain cells used as living AIs to solve mathematical equations |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2363962-human-brain-cells-used-as-living-ais-to-solve-mathematical-equations/ |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite bioRxiv |last1=Cai |first1=Hongwei |last2=Ao |first2=Zheng |last3=Tian |first3=Chunhui |last4=Wu |first4=Zhuhao |last5=Liu |first5=Hongcheng |last6=Tchieu |first6=Jason |last7=Gu |first7=Mingxia |last8=Mackie |first8=Ken |last9=Guo |first9=Feng |title=Brain Organoid Computing for Artificial Intelligence |biorxiv=10.1101/2023.02.28.530502 |date=1 March 2023}}
A new record for the closest and oldest ultracool dwarf binary pair is reported. The newly discovered stars, in a system named LP 413-53AB, orbit each other in just 17 hours and are believed to be billions of years old.{{cite news |last1=Lea |first1=Robert |title=Record breakers! Super-close dwarf stars orbit each other in less than a day |url=https://www.space.com/ultracool-dwarf-binary-stars-closest-ever |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=Space.com |date=28 February 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Hsu |first1=Chih-Chun |last2=Burgasser |first2=Adam J. |last3=Theissen |first3=Christopher A. |title=Discovery of the Exceptionally Short Period Ultracool Dwarf Binary LP 413-53AB |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=1 March 2023 |volume=945 |issue=1 |pages=L6 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acba8c |arxiv=2301.07039 |bibcode=2023ApJ...945L...6H |s2cid=255941449 |issn=2041-8205 |doi-access=free }}
University press release: {{cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230301162706.htm|title=Ultracool dwarf binary stars break records |date=1 March 2023|work=Northwestern University via Science Daily|access-date=2 March 2023}}
An ICIJ-led investigation 'Deforestation Inc.' shows or reaffirms how an unregulated greenwashing industry overlooks deforestation and human rights (HR) violations when granting environmental certifications that are used to claim compliance to environmental standards, labor laws and HR.{{cite news |last1=Vardar |first1=Serdar |last2=Ünker |first2=Pelin |title=Deforestation Inc.: How 'green' firms prevent climate action |url=https://www.dw.com/en/deforestation-inc-how-green-firms-prevent-climate-action/a-64851705 |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Deutsche Welle |language=en}}{{cite web |last1=Alecci |first1=Scilla |title=Environmental auditors approve green labels for products linked to deforestation and authoritarian regimes - ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/deforestation-inc/auditors-green-labels-sustainability-environmental-harm/ |publisher=ICIJ |access-date=19 April 2023 |date=1 March 2023}}
A U.S. DNI report concludes that the 'anomalous health incidents' (AHIs) termed 'Havana syndrome' are "very unlikely" to get induced by a foreign adversary.{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Shane |last2=Hudson |first2=John |title='Havana syndrome' not caused by energy weapon or foreign adversary, intelligence review finds |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/03/01/havana-syndrome-intelligence-report-weapon/ |access-date=19 April 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}} A previous report declassified on 28 March considered directed energy as in directed energy weapons as a plausible cause.{{cite news |last1=McFadden |first1=Christopher |title=New report points to directed energy as the cause of 'Havana Syndrome' |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/havana-syndrome-em-energy |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=30 March 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Lillis |first1=Katie Bo |title=CIA doctor hit by Havana syndrome says he was in 'disbelief' as he suffered what he was investigating |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/09/25/politics/havana-syndrome-cia-doctor-cnn-special/index.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=CNN |date=25 September 2022 |language=en}}
Bioengineers show bodily system changes can induce anxiety, in specific altered heart rate by itself in risky contexts,{{cite news |last1=Brookshire |first1=Bethany |title=In mice, anxiety isn't all in the head. It can start in the heart |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/mice-anxiety-brain-heart-emotion |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Science News |date=14 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Hsueh |first1=Brian |last2=Chen |first2=Ritchie |last3=Jo |first3=YoungJu |display-authors=et al. |title=Cardiogenic control of affective behavioural state |journal=Nature |date=March 2023 |volume=615 |issue=7951 |pages=292–299 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05748-8 |pmid=36859543 |pmc=9995271 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..292H |language=en |issn=1476-4687}} after earlier studies also implicated immune system elements.{{cite news |last1=Kingsland |first1=James |title=Immune system may trigger anxiety in response to infection |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/immune-system-may-trigger-anxiety-in-response-to-infection |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=www.medicalnewstoday.com |date=23 September 2020 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Alves de Lima |first1=Kalil |last2=Rustenhoven |first2=Justin |last3=Da Mesquita |first3=Sandro |last4=Wall |first4=Morgan |last5=Salvador |first5=Andrea Francesca |last6=Smirnov |first6=Igor |last7=Martelossi Cebinelli |first7=Guilherme |last8=Mamuladze |first8=Tornike |last9=Baker |first9=Wendy |last10=Papadopoulos |first10=Zach |last11=Lopes |first11=Maria Beatriz |last12=Cao |first12=William Sam |last13=Xie |first13=Xinmin Simon |last14=Herz |first14=Jasmin |last15=Kipnis |first15=Jonathan |title=Meningeal γδ T cells regulate anxiety-like behavior via IL-17a signaling in neurons |journal=Nature Immunology |date=November 2020 |volume=21 |issue=11 |pages=1421–1429 |doi=10.1038/s41590-020-0776-4 |pmid=32929273 |pmc=8496952 |language=en |issn=1529-2916}}
An "adversarial collaboration" study shows larger financial incomes increase mental wellbeing beyond a previously believed flattening threshold, except for a ceiled "unhappy" minority.{{cite news |last1=Suliman |first1=Adela |title=Can money buy happiness? Scientists say it can. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/03/08/money-wealth-happiness-study/ |access-date=20 April 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite journal |last1=Killingsworth |first1=Matthew A. |last2=Kahneman |first2=Daniel |last3=Mellers |first3=Barbara |title=Income and emotional well-being: A conflict resolved |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=7 March 2023 |volume=120 |issue=10 |pages=e2208661120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2208661120 |doi-access=free |pmid=36857342 |pmc=10013834 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12008661K |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}
A study about global spatiotemporal PM_2.5 fine particle air pollution suggests that in 2019, only "0.001% of the global population had an annual exposure to PM_2.5 at concentrations lower than 5 μg/m³ [WHO annual limit]".{{cite news |last1=Patel |first1=Kasha |title=Nearly everyone is exposed to unhealthy levels of tiny air pollutants, study says |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/03/06/air-pollution-unhealthy-levels-exposure/ |access-date=20 April 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite journal |last1=Yu |first1=Wenhua |last2=Ye |first2=Tingting |last3=Zhang |first3=Yiwen |last4=Xu |first4=Rongbin |last5=Lei |first5=Yadong |last6=Chen |first6=Zhuying |last7=Yang |first7=Zhengyu |last8=Zhang |first8=Yuxi |last9=Song |first9=Jiangning |last10=Yue |first10=Xu |last11=Li |first11=Shanshan |last12=Guo |first12=Yuming |title=Global estimates of daily ambient fine particulate matter concentrations and unequal spatiotemporal distribution of population exposure: a machine learning modelling study |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |date=March 2023 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=e209–e218 |doi=10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00008-6 |pmid=36889862 |issn=2542-5196|doi-access=free}} On 14 March, the annual IQAir World Air Quality Report that uses a sensor network suggests of the countries assessed,{{quantify|date=April 2023}} six countries (Australia, Estonia, Finland, Grenada, Iceland and New Zealand) may have met{{contradictory inline|date=May 2023|reason=the former study says "Australia and New Zealand (8·5 μg/m3 [0·9]), other regions in Oceania (12·6 μg/m3 [0·5]), and southern America (15·6 μg/m3 [0·3]) had the lowest annual population-weighted PM2·5 concentrations" but this report says Australia and New Zealand may have met air quality guidelines}} the WHO guideline specific to this type of air pollution.{{cite news |last1=Ramirez |first1=Rachel |title=Only 13 countries and territories had 'healthy' air quality in 2022 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/03/14/world/air-pollution-report-2022-climate/index.html |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=CNN |date=14 March 2023 |language=en}} Air pollution is one of the largest causes (in terms of number of cases, not potential years of life lost DALYs) of early deaths.
The largest study of ancient Europeans' DNA (356 UP–Neolithic hunter-gatherers) is published, with implications for the history of ancestry changes during the last Ice Age.{{cite news |last1=Bower |first1=Bruce |title=Ancient DNA unveils disparate fates of Ice Age hunter-gatherers in Europe |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ancient-dna-ice-age-hunter-gatherers-europe |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=Science News |date=1 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Posth |first1=Cosimo |last2=Yu |first2=He |display-authors=et al. |title=Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers |journal=Nature |date=March 2023 |volume=615 |issue=7950 |pages=117–126 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0 |pmid=36859578 |pmc=9977688 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..117P |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}} On 23 March, geneticists report on immune function (MHC) and pigmentation (SLC24A5) as targets of adaptation in Neolithic admixture, with farmers inheriting many immunity genes.{{cite news |title=Hunter-gatherer genes gave European farmers an immunity boost |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2365903-hunter-gatherer-genes-gave-european-farmers-an-immunity-boost/ |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite journal |last1=Davy |first1=Tom |last2=Ju |first2=Dan |last3=Mathieson |first3=Iain |last4=Skoglund |first4=Pontus |title=Hunter-gatherer admixture facilitated natural selection in Neolithic European farmers |journal=Current Biology |date=April 2023 |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=1365–1371.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.049|pmid=36963383 |pmc=10153476 |doi-access=free}}
Science results of the first test of asteroidal planetary defense, DART {{Crossreference|(see 26 Sep 2022)}}, are published.{{cite news |last1=Weule |first1=Genelle |title='Highly effective': New studies reveal true impact of NASA's asteroid-smashing mission |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2023-03-02/nasa-dart-asteroid-mission-studies/102036038 |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=ABC News |date=1 March 2023 |language=en-AU}}{{refn|name=Dimorphos|{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Jian-Yang |last2=Hirabayashi |first2=Masatoshi |display-authors=et al. |title=Ejecta from the DART-produced active asteroid Dimorphos |journal=Nature |date=April 2023 |volume=616 |issue=7957 |pages=452–456 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05811-4 |pmid=36858074 |pmc=10115637 |arxiv=2303.01700 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..452L |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}{{cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=Cristina A. |last2=Naidu |first2=Shantanu P. |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free |title=Orbital period change of Dimorphos due to the DART kinetic impact |journal=Nature |date=April 2023 |volume=616 |issue=7957 |pages=448–451 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05805-2 |pmid=36858072 |pmc=10115635 |arxiv=2303.02077 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..448T |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}{{cite journal |last1=Daly |first1=R. Terik |last2=Ernst |first2=Carolyn M. |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free |title=Successful kinetic impact into an asteroid for planetary defence |journal=Nature |date=April 2023 |volume=616 |issue=7957 |pages=443–447 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05810-5 |pmid=36858073 |pmc=10115643 |arxiv=2303.02248 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..443D |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}{{cite journal |last1=Cheng |first1=Andrew F. |last2=Agrusa |first2=Harrison F. |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free|title=Momentum transfer from the DART mission kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos |journal=Nature |date=April 2023 |volume=616 |issue=7957 |pages=457–460 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05878-z |pmid=36858075 |pmc=10115652 |arxiv=2303.03464 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..457C |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}{{cite journal |last1=Graykowski |first1=Ariel |last2=Lambert |first2=Ryan A. |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free |title=Light curves and colours of the ejecta from Dimorphos after the DART impact |journal=Nature |date=April 2023 |volume=616 |issue=7957 |pages=461–464 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05852-9 |pmid=36858076 |pmc=10115630 |arxiv=2303.05548 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..461G |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}{{cite journal |last1=Opitom |first1=C. |last2=Murphy |first2=B. |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free |title=Morphology and spectral properties of the DART impact ejecta with VLT/MUSE |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |date=1 March 2023 |volume=671 |pages=L11 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202345960 |bibcode=2023A&A...671L..11O |language=en |issn=0004-6361|hdl=20.500.11820/d022be6d-6a0c-48c1-ac4a-3b32e4799ee1 |hdl-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Bagnulo |first1=Stefano |last2=Gray |first2=Zuri |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free |title=Optical Spectropolarimetry of Binary Asteroid Didymos–Dimorphos before and after the DART Impact |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=1 March 2023 |volume=945 |issue=2 |pages=L38 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acb261 |arxiv=2303.11776 |bibcode=2023ApJ...945L..38B |issn=2041-8205}}}}
{{vanchor|2 March}}
A study reports boreal fires, "typically accounting for 10% of global fire carbon dioxide emissions, contributed 23% [...] in 2021".{{cite news |last1=Guy |first1=Jack |title=Boreal forests could be a planet-warming 'time bomb' as wildfires expand, says new study |url=https://us.cnn.com/2023/03/02/world/boreal-forest-fires-study-climate-scn-intl/index.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=CNN |date=2 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Zheng |first1=Bo |last2=Ciais |first2=Philippe |last3=Chevallier |first3=Frederic |last4=Yang |first4=Hui |last5=Canadell |first5=Josep G. |last6=Chen |first6=Yang |last7=van der Velde |first7=Ivar R. |last8=Aben |first8=Ilse |last9=Chuvieco |first9=Emilio |last10=Davis |first10=Steven J. |last11=Deeter |first11=Merritt |last12=Hong |first12=Chaopeng |last13=Kong |first13=Yawen |last14=Li |first14=Haiyan |last15=Li |first15=Hui |last16=Lin |first16=Xin |last17=He |first17=Kebin |last18=Zhang |first18=Qiang |title=Record-high {{CO2}} emissions from boreal fires in 2021 |journal=Science |date=3 March 2023 |volume=379 |issue=6635 |pages=912–917 |doi=10.1126/science.ade0805 |pmid=36862792 |bibcode=2023Sci...379..912Z |hdl=1871.1/fb09cfab-b06b-4407-ba0e-82c032818c44 |s2cid=257283260 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade0805 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription|hdl-access=free }}
After a study (27 Feb) indicated pathological changes to subcortical motor and cognitive hubs in (fatigued) long COVID cases,{{cite journal |last1=Heine |first1=Josephine |last2=Schwichtenberg |first2=Katia |last3=Hartung |first3=Tim J. |last4=Rekers |first4=Sophia |last5=Chien |first5=Claudia |last6=Boesl |first6=Fabian |last7=Rust |first7=Rebekka |last8=Hohenfeld |first8=Christian |last9=Bungenberg |first9=Julia |last10=Costa |first10=Ana S. |last11=Scheibenbogen |first11=Carmen |author-link11=Carmen Scheibenbogen |last12=Bellmann-Strobl |first12=Judith |last13=Paul |first13=Friedemann |last14=Franke |first14=Christiana |last15=Reetz |first15=Kathrin |last16=Finke |first16=Carsten |title=Structural brain changes in patients with post-COVID fatigue: a prospective observational study |journal=eClinicalMedicine |date=April 2023 |volume=58 |page=101874 |doi=10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101874|pmid=36873426 |pmc=9969172 |doi-access=free}} a small comparative study shows differences in volumes of brainstem regions are similar for ME/CFS and long COVID patients, being larger than in 10 healthy subjects.{{cite news |title=Long COVID has left Sue too tired to return to work. Researchers may have unlocked a reason why |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-14/long-covid-queensland-research-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/102089452 |access-date=21 April 2023 |work=ABC News |date=13 March 2023 |language=en-AU}}{{cite journal |last1=Thapaliya |first1=Kiran |last2=Marshall-Gradisnik |first2=Sonya |last3=Barth |first3=Markus |last4=Eaton-Fitch |first4=Natalie |last5=Barnden |first5=Leighton |title=Brainstem volume changes in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and long COVID patients |journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience |date=2023 |volume=17 |doi=10.3389/fnins.2023.1125208 |pmid=36937672 |pmc=10017877 |issn=1662-453X|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|6 March}} – The highest-granularity study on food GHGs reports that global food consumption alone would lead to ("add nearly 1 °C to warming by 2100") failed climate goals with constant patterns, with ~75% of the projected warming due to ruminant meat, dairy and rice, albeit consumption currently shifts towards higher emissions overall as economic development is expected to facilitate acquisitions of undifferentiated goods like beef.{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title=Meat, dairy and rice production will bust 1.5C climate target, shows study |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/06/meat-dairy-rice-high-methane-food-production-bust-climate-target-study |access-date=21 April 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=6 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Ivanovich |first1=Catherine C. |last2=Sun |first2=Tianyi |last3=Gordon |first3=Doria R. |last4=Ocko |first4=Ilissa B. |title=Future warming from global food consumption |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=March 2023 |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=297–302 |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01605-8 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13..297I |language=en |issn=1758-6798|doi-access=free}}

File:NIAID Integrated Research Facility - Positive Pressure Personnel Suit.jpg concerns.]]

{{vanchor|8 March}}
A new way of capturing carbon, which transforms the gas into bicarbonate of soda and stores it safely in seawater, is shown to be three times more efficient than existing methods.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-64886116|title=Climate change: New idea for sucking up CO2 from air shows promise |date=9 March 2023|work=BBC News|access-date=9 March 2023}}{{cite news|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adg1956|title=Direct air capture (DAC) and sequestration of CO2: Dramatic effect of coordinated Cu(II) onto a chelating weak base ion exchanger |date=8 March 2023|journal=Science Advances|doi=10.1126/sciadv.adg1956 |access-date=9 March 2023|last1=Chen |first1=Hao |last2=Dong |first2=Hang |last3=Shi |first3=Zhongyu |last4=Sengupta |first4=Arup K. |volume=9 |issue=10 }}
A bacterial hydrogenase enzyme, Huc, for biohydrogen energy from the air is reported.{{cite news |last1=Yu |first1=Andi |title=Scientists have found an enzyme that can make electricity out of tiny amounts of hydrogen |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-09/monash-university-air-electricity-enzyme-soil/102071786 |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=ABC News |date=9 March 2023 |language=en-AU}}{{cite journal |last1=Grinter |first1=Rhys |last2=Kropp |first2=Ashleigh |last3=Venugopal |first3=Hari |last4=Senger |first4=Moritz |last5=Badley |first5=Jack |last6=Cabotaje |first6=Princess R. |last7=Jia |first7=Ruyu |last8=Duan |first8=Zehui |last9=Huang |first9=Ping |last10=Stripp |first10=Sven T. |last11=Barlow |first11=Christopher K. |last12=Belousoff |first12=Matthew |last13=Shafaat |first13=Hannah S. |last14=Cook |first14=Gregory M. |last15=Schittenhelm |first15=Ralf B. |last16=Vincent |first16=Kylie A. |last17=Khalid |first17=Syma |last18=Berggren |first18=Gustav |last19=Greening |first19=Chris |title=Structural basis for bacterial energy extraction from atmospheric hydrogen |journal=Nature |date=March 2023 |volume=615 |issue=7952 |pages=541–547 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05781-7 |pmid=36890228 |pmc=10017518 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..541G |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
The first global precise global time series of ocean surface plastic pollution is released. The study finds that "Today's global abundance is estimated at approximately 82–358 trillion plastic particles weighing 1.1–4.9 million tonnes." There was "no clear detectable trend until 1990, a fluctuating but stagnant trend from then until 2005, and a rapid increase until the present." It concludes "urgent international policy interventions" are needed.{{cite news |last1=Birnbaum |first1=Michael |title=There are 21,000 pieces of plastic in the ocean for each person on Earth |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/03/08/ocean-plastics-pollution-study/ |access-date=21 April 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite journal |last1=Eriksen |first1=Marcus |last2=Cowger |first2=Win |last3=Erdle |first3=Lisa M. |last4=Coffin |first4=Scott |last5=Villarrubia-Gómez |first5=Patricia |last6=Moore |first6=Charles J. |last7=Carpenter |first7=Edward J. |last8=Day |first8=Robert H. |last9=Thiel |first9=Martin |last10=Wilcox |first10=Chris |title=A growing plastic smog, now estimated to be over 170 trillion plastic particles afloat in the world's oceans—Urgent solutions required |journal=PLOS ONE |date=8 March 2023 |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=e0281596 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0281596 |pmid=36888681 |pmc=9994742 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1881596E |language=en |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|9 March}} – Researchers report the development of a fuel cell implant powered by blood glucose. It can also release insulin at certain levels and have enough energy to allow smartphone implant control.{{cite news |last1=Dixit |first1=Mrigakshi |title=New fuel cell implant can help manage type-1 diabetes |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fuel-cell-implant-type-1-diabetes |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=29 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Maity |first1=Debasis |last2=Guha Ray |first2=Preetam |last3=Buchmann |first3=Peter |last4=Mansouri |first4=Maysam |last5=Fussenegger |first5=Martin |title=Blood-Glucose-Powered Metabolic Fuel Cell for Self-Sufficient Bioelectronics |journal=Advanced Materials |date=28 March 2023 |volume=35 |issue=21 |page=2300890 |doi=10.1002/adma.202300890 |pmid=36893359 |bibcode=2023AdM....3500890M |language=en |issn=0935-9648|doi-access=free|hdl=20.500.11850/608081 |hdl-access=free }}
University press release: {{cite news |last1=Rüegg |first1=Peter |title=Implantable fuel cell that generates electricity from excess glucose in the blood |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-03-implantable-fuel-cell-generates-electricity.html |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=ETH Zürich via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
{{vanchor|10 March}}
The entire brain of a fruit fly larva is mapped in complete detail for the first time, showing all 3,016 neurons and 548,000 synapses.{{cite news |title=Scientists have mapped an insect brain in greater detail than ever before |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/brain-insect-fruit-fly-detail-nerve-cell |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Science News |date=9 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Winding |first1=Michael |last2=Pedigo |first2=Benjamin D. |last3=Barnes |first3=Christopher L. |last4=Patsolic |first4=Heather G. |last5=Park |first5=Youngser |last6=Kazimiers |first6=Tom |last7=Fushiki |first7=Akira |last8=Andrade |first8=Ingrid V. |last9=Khandelwal |first9=Avinash |last10=Valdes-Aleman |first10=Javier |last11=Li |first11=Feng |last12=Randel |first12=Nadine |last13=Barsotti |first13=Elizabeth |last14=Correia |first14=Ana |last15=Fetter |first15=Richard D. |last16=Hartenstein |first16=Volker |last17=Priebe |first17=Carey E. |last18=Vogelstein |first18=Joshua T. |last19=Cardona |first19=Albert |last20=Zlatic |first20=Marta |title=The connectome of an insect brain |journal=Science |date=10 March 2023 |volume=379 |issue=6636 |pages=eadd9330 |doi=10.1126/science.add9330 |pmid=36893230 |pmc=7614541 |s2cid=254070919 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}
University press release: {{cite news|url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/first-wiring-map-of-insect-brain-complete|title=First wiring map of insect brain complete |date=10 March 2023|work=University of Cambridge|access-date=10 March 2023}}
News outlets report on a study (27 Feb), alongside related reports, that concludes "Russia's role as a major player in the global nuclear power sector has remained largely below the [Russian invasion of Ukraine related] sanctions radar".{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=Patricia |title=Why Russia Has Such a Strong Grip on Europe's Nuclear Power |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/10/business/economy/russia-nuclear-energy-ukraine.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=10 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Szulecki |first1=Kacper |last2=Overland |first2=Indra |title=Russian nuclear energy diplomacy and its implications for energy security in the context of the war in Ukraine |journal=Nature Energy |date=27 February 2023 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=413–421 |doi=10.1038/s41560-023-01228-5 |bibcode=2023NatEn...8..413S |language=en |issn=2058-7546|doi-access=free|hdl=11250/3106595 |hdl-access=free }} On 7 March, news reports of a study (28 Feb) that uses ICIJ data to investigate offshore networks of oligarchs, suggesting sanctioning of professional intermediary wealth managers.{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Adam |title=Want to rein in Russian oligarchs? Target the wealth managers, study says. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/07/russia-oligarchs-sanctions-offshore/ |access-date=19 April 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite journal |last1=Chang |first1=Ho-Chun Herbert |last2=Harrington |first2=Brooke |last3=Fu |first3=Feng |last4=Rockmore |first4=Daniel N |title=Complex systems of secrecy: the offshore networks of oligarchs |journal=PNAS Nexus |date=3 March 2023 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=pgad051 |doi=10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad051|pmid=36909828 |pmc=9998034 |doi-access=free}}

File:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Logo.svg of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report is published.{{image requested inline|date=April 2023}}]]

{{vanchor|13 March}}
A study affirms total intensity of extreme weather events is strongly correlated with global mean temperature during 2002–2021, not using mainly models but historical data.{{cite news |last1=Patel |first1=Kasha |title=A warmer world causes extreme drought and rain. 'Indisputable' new research proves it. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/03/13/drought-rainfall-climate-hottest-years-extreme/ |access-date=20 April 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite journal |last1=Rodell |first1=Matthew |last2=Li |first2=Bailing |title=Changing intensity of hydroclimatic extreme events revealed by GRACE and GRACE-FO |journal=Nature Water |date=March 2023 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=241–248 |doi=10.1038/s44221-023-00040-5 |s2cid=257525498 |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20230003509/downloads/Rodell-Li_grace_extreme_final3_all.pdf |language=en |issn=2731-6084}}
An analysis concludes there is large potential (~9,400 TWh/yr) for floating solar photovoltaics on reservoirs,{{cite magazine |last1=Simon |first1=Matt |title=Solar Panels Floating in Reservoirs? We'll Drink to That |url=https://www.wired.com/story/solar-panels-floating-in-reservoirs-well-drink-to-that/ |access-date=20 April 2023 |magazine=Wired}}{{cite journal |last1=Jin |first1=Yubin |last2=Hu |first2=Shijie |last3=Ziegler |first3=Alan D. |last4=Gibson |first4=Luke |last5=Campbell |first5=J. Elliott |last6=Xu |first6=Rongrong |last7=Chen |first7=Deliang |last8=Zhu |first8=Kai |last9=Zheng |first9=Yan |last10=Ye |first10=Bin |last11=Ye |first11=Fan |last12=Zeng |first12=Zhenzhong |title=Energy production and water savings from floating solar photovoltaics on global reservoirs |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=13 March 2023 |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=865–874 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01089-6 |bibcode=2023NatSu...6..865J |s2cid=257514885 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369201558 |language=en |issn=2398-9629}} at the upper range of the prior 2020 study.
The first comprehensive assessment of 'bottom marine heat waves' is published.{{cite news |last1=Agard |first1=Sade |title='The Blob' deep below may be triggered by intense seafloor heatwaves |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/the-blob-deep-below-seafloor-heatwaves |access-date=21 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=20 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Amaya |first1=Dillon J. |last2=Jacox |first2=Michael G. |last3=Alexander |first3=Michael A. |last4=Scott |first4=James D. |last5=Deser |first5=Clara |last6=Capotondi |first6=Antonietta |last7=Phillips |first7=Adam S. |title=Bottom marine heatwaves along the continental shelves of North America |journal=Nature Communications |date=13 March 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=1038 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-36567-0 |pmid=36914643 |pmc=10011364 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.1038A |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
An analysis concludes there is large potential for mycoforestry incorporation for carbon sequestration, ecosystem support, and food production.{{cite news |last1=Bryce |first1=Emma |title=Forestry, food protein, and carbon sequestration: All in one |url=https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2023/03/to-protect-forests-sequester-carbon-and-provide-protein-consider-mushrooms-on-trees/ |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=Anthropocene Magazine |date=17 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Thomas |first1=Paul W. |last2=Jump |first2=Alistair S. |title=Edible fungi crops through mycoforestry, potential for carbon negative food production and mitigation of food and forestry conflicts |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=21 March 2023 |volume=120 |issue=12 |pages=e2220079120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2220079120 |pmid=36913576 |pmc=10041105 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12020079T |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|14 March}}
Progress in healthy sustainable food research:
Medical researchers report a 24% reduction of heart disease risk in women on a Mediterranean-type diet.{{cite news |last=Francis |first=Ellen |title=Mediterranean diet can cut heart disease risk in women by 24 percent, report says - Studies on the impact of a Mediterranean-type diet on heart disease have not often focused on women, the researchers say |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/03/15/mediterranean-diet-heart-disease-women-study/ |date=March 15, 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=March 16, 2023 }}{{cite journal |author=Pant, Anushriya |display-authors=et al. |title=Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with a Mediterranean diet: systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2023/02/14/heartjnl-2022-321930 |date=March 14, 2023 |journal=Heart |volume=109 |issue=16 |pages=1208–1215 |doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321930 |pmid=36918266 |s2cid=257533347 |access-date=March 16, 2023 }}
A study (1 Mar) reports average carbon footprints of average diets in a US cohort. Pescatarian diets were the healthiest, followed by the two other plant-based diets.{{cite news |title=What is the climate impact of the 6 most popular diets? |url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/03/02/keto-paleo-vegan-which-diet-does-the-most-to-cut-your-carbon-footprint |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=euronews |date=2 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=O'Malley |first1=Keelia |last2=Willits-Smith |first2=Amelia |last3=Rose |first3=Donald |title=Popular diets as selected by adults in the United States show wide variation in carbon footprints and diet quality |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |date=1 April 2023 |volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=701–708 |doi=10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.009 |pmid=36868999 |pmc=10131583 |language=en |issn=0002-9165|doi-access=free }}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Keto vs. vegan: Study of popular diets finds over fourfold difference in carbon footprints |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-02-keto-vegan-popular-diets-fourfold.html |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=Tulane University via medicalxpress.com |language=en}} There may also be substantial variation within diets.
Vegan: ~0.69 {{CO2}}-eq/1000 kcal (less than {{cvt|0.5|oz}} total of meat, poultry, seafood, eggs; less than {{cups|0.25|US}} equivalent of dairy)
Vegetarian: ~1.16 — less than {{cvt|0.5|oz}} of meat, poultry, and seafood
Pescatarian: ~1.66 — less than {{cvt|0.5|oz}} of meat and poultry, consumed seafood
Omnivore: ~2.23 — anything else
Paleo: ~2.62 — less than {{cvt|0.5|oz}} total grains and legumes, less than {{cups|0.25|US}} of dairy
Keto: ~2.91 — ≤50 g of net carbohydrates (total carbohydrates minus total fiber)
A study (7 Mar) using data of 0.5 M participants strengthens the association between ultra-processed foods and cancer risks.{{cite news |title=Food processing and cancer risk in Europe: results from the prospective EPIC cohort study – IARC |url=https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/pr330_E.pdf |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=www.iarc.who.int}}{{cite journal |last1=Kliemann |first1=Nathalie |last2=Rauber |first2=Fernanda |last3=Bertazzi Levy |first3=Renata |display-authors=et al. |title=Food processing and cancer risk in Europe: results from the prospective EPIC cohort study |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |date=March 2023 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=e219–e232 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00021-9|pmid=36889863 |pmc=10009757 }}
A post-mortem study (8 Mar) finds green leafy vegetable intake inversely correlates with Alzheimer's disease pathology.{{cite news |title=Can the MIND Diet Slow the Progression of Alzheimer's? |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/can-the-mind-diet-slow-the-progression-of-alzheimers |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=Discover Magazine |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Agarwal |first1=Puja |last2=Leurgans |first2=Sue E. |last3=Agrawal |first3=Sonal |last4=Aggarwal |first4=Neelum |last5=Cherian |first5=laurel J. |last6=James |first6=Bryan D. |last7=Dhana |first7=Klodian |last8=Barnes |first8=Lisa L. |last9=Bennett |first9=David A. |last10=Schneider |first10=Julie A. |title=Association of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay and Mediterranean Diets With Alzheimer Disease Pathology |journal=Neurology |date=8 March 2023 |volume=100 |issue=22 |pages=e2259–e2268 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000207176 |pmid=36889921 |pmc=10259273 |s2cid=257425558 |language=en |issn=0028-3878 }}
Scientists report (22 Mar) fMRI results showing daily consumption of a high-fat/high-sugar snack alters, similar to drug addiction and likely directly, brain reward circuits, altering food preferences.{{cite news |title=High-fat, high-sugar foods can change the brain to prefer sweets |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/high-fat-sugar-change-brains-to-prefer-sweets-unhealthy-foods |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=www.medicalnewstoday.com |date=24 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Edwin Thanarajah |first1=Sharmili |last2=DiFeliceantonio |first2=Alexandra G. |last3=Albus |first3=Kerstin |last4=Kuzmanovic |first4=Bojana |last5=Rigoux |first5=Lionel |last6=Iglesias |first6=Sandra |last7=Hanßen |first7=Ruth |last8=Schlamann |first8=Marc |last9=Cornely |first9=Oliver A. |last10=Brüning |first10=Jens C. |last11=Tittgemeyer |first11=Marc |last12=Small |first12=Dana M. |title=Habitual daily intake of a sweet and fatty snack modulates reward processing in humans |journal=Cell Metabolism |date=April 2023 |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=571–584.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.015 |pmid=36958330 |s2cid=257701467 |issn=1550-4131|hdl=10919/114751 |hdl-access=free }}
Progress relating to AI research:
The LLM GPT-4 is launched by OpenAI.{{cite news |last1=Wiggers |first1=Kyle |title=OpenAI releases GPT-4, a multimodal AI that it claims is state-of-the-art |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/14/openai-releases-gpt-4-ai-that-it-claims-is-state-of-the-art/ |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=TechCrunch |date=14 March 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://openai.com/research/gpt-4|title=GPT-4 |date=14 March 2023|work=OpenAI|access-date=14 March 2023}} It and ChatGPT based on it continue to receive major global media attention.
Researchers suggest that growing influence of industry in AI research means that "public interest alternatives for important AI tools may become increasingly scarce" (2 Mar).{{cite journal |title=The growing influence of industry in AI research |journal=Science |year=2023 |doi=10.1126/science.ade2420 |url=https://ide.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/0303PolicyForum_Ai_FF-2.pdf |last1=Ahmed |first1=Nur |last2=Wahed |first2=Muntasir |last3=Thompson |first3=Neil C. |volume=379 |issue=6635 |pages=884–886 |pmid=36862769 |bibcode=2023Sci...379..884A |s2cid=257283258 }}
Google reveals PaLM-E, an embodied multimodal language model with 562 billion parameters (7 Mar).{{cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/03/embodied-ai-googles-palm-e-allows-robot-control-with-natural-commands/|title=Google's PaLM-E is a generalist robot brain that takes commands |date=7 March 2023|work=Ars Technica|access-date=9 March 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://palm-e.github.io/|title=PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Model |date=7 March 2023|work=Github|access-date=9 March 2023}} {{arxiv|2303.03378}}
Google releases chatbot Bard due to effects of the ChatGPT release,{{cite news |last1=Dastin |first1=Jeffrey |title=Google begins opening access to its ChatGPT competitor Bard |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-begins-opening-access-its-chatgpt-competitor-bard-2023-03-21/ |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=Reuters |date=21 March 2023 |language=en}} with potential for integration into its Web search and, like ChatGPT software, also as a software development helper tool{{cite news |title=Google Bard can now help write software code |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-bard-can-now-help-write-software-code-2023-04-21/ |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=Reuters |date=21 April 2023 |language=en}} (21 Mar). DuckDuckGo releases the DuckAssist feature integrated into its search engine that summarizes information from Wikipedia to answer search queries that are questions (8 Mar). The experimental feature is shut down without explanation on 12 April.{{cite web |title=DuckDuckGo launches DuckAssist: a new feature that generates natural language answers to search queries using Wikipedia |date=8 March 2023 |url=https://spreadprivacy.com/duckassist-launch/ |access-date=23 April 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Lomas |first1=Natasha |title=DuckDuckGo dabbles with AI search |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/08/duckassist/ |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=TechCrunch |date=8 March 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Roth |first1=Emma |title=DuckDuckGo's building AI-generated answers into its search engine |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/8/23629095/duckduckgo-ai-answers-browser-app-extension-search |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=The Verge |date=8 March 2023}} A broader alternative approach to the software's Q&A applications and use of text generation for assignments may be the improvement of media literacy and Web search skills in education systems.
A method for editing NeRF scenes, a novel media technique from 2020,{{cite arXiv |last1=Gao |first1=Kyle |last2=Gao |first2=Yina |last3=He |first3=Hongjie |last4=Lu |first4=Dening |last5=Xu |first5=Linlin |last6=Li |first6=Jonathan |title=NeRF: Neural Radiance Field in 3D Vision, A Comprehensive Review |date=18 December 2022|class=cs.CV |eprint=2210.00379 }} with natural language commands is demonstrated by Nvidia (22 Mar).{{cite web |title=UC Berkeley's Instruct-NeRF2NeRF Edits 3D Scenes With Text Instructions {{!}} Synced |url=https://syncedreview.com/2023/04/10/uc-berkeleys-instruct-nerf2nerf-edits-3d-scenes-with-text-instructions/ |website=syncedreview.com |access-date=23 April 2023 |date=11 April 2023}}{{cite arXiv |last1=Haque |first1=Ayaan |last2=Tancik |first2=Matthew |last3=Efros |first3=Alexei A. |last4=Holynski |first4=Aleksander |last5=Kanazawa |first5=Angjoo |title=Instruct-NeRF2NeRF: Editing 3D Scenes with Instructions |date=22 March 2023|class=cs.CV |eprint=2303.12789 }}
An open letter "Pause Giant AI Experiments" by the Future of Life Institute calls for "AI labs to immediately pause for at least 6 months the training of AI systems more powerful than GPT-4" due to "profound risks to society and humanity".{{cite news |title=Musk, scientists call for halt to AI race sparked by ChatGPT |url=https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-chatgpt-risks-petition-elon-musk-steve-wozniak-534f0298d6304687ed080a5119a69962 |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=AP NEWS |date=29 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter |url=https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/ |website=Future of Life Institute |access-date=23 April 2023}} It received substantial media attention and also contributed to speculations about perceived large LLM potential (22 Mar). At the time there is extensive media coverage of views that regard ChatGPT as a potential step towards AGI or sentient machines, also extending to some academic works (e.g. a popular 22 Mar preprint by a company).{{cite arXiv |last1=Bubeck |first1=Sébastien |last2=Chandrasekaran |first2=Varun |last3=Eldan |first3=Ronen |last4=Gehrke |first4=Johannes |last5=Horvitz |first5=Eric |last6=Kamar |first6=Ece |last7=Lee |first7=Peter |last8=Lee |first8=Yin Tat |last9=Li |first9=Yuanzhi |last10=Lundberg |first10=Scott |last11=Nori |first11=Harsha |last12=Palangi |first12=Hamid |last13=Ribeiro |first13=Marco Tulio |last14=Zhang |first14=Yi |title=Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4 |date=13 April 2023|class=cs.CL |eprint=2303.12712 }} The coverage focused on such views may not represent the majority expert views and, for example, some researchers note that e.g. the ability to generate coherent text and imitations are not the same as understanding language.{{cite magazine |last1=Knight |first1=Will |title=Some Glimpse AGI in ChatGPT. Others Call It a Mirage |url=https://www.wired.com/story/chatgpt-agi-intelligence/ |access-date=23 April 2023 |magazine=Wired}} A set of techniques under development include self-refining code or text.{{cite news |last1=VK |first1=Anirudh |title=LLMs Can Now Self-Debug. Should Developers Be Worried? |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/llms-can-now-self-debug-should-developers-be-worried/ |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=Analytics India Magazine |date=13 April 2023}}
The first clear evidence of active volcanism on Venus is presented, based on a reanalysis of old images from the Magellan spacecraft.{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Lisa |title=A volcano on Venus was spotted erupting in decades-old images |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/volcano-venus-erupting-decades-old-nasa |access-date=21 April 2023 |work=Science News |date=15 March 2023}}{{cite news|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-magellan-data-reveals-volcanic-activity-on-venus|title=NASA's Magellan Data Reveals Volcanic Activity on Venus |date=15 March 2023|work=NASA|access-date=16 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Herrick |first1=Robert R. |last2=Hensley |first2=Scott |title=Surface changes observed on a Venusian volcano during the Magellan mission |journal=Science |date=24 March 2023 |volume=379 |issue=6638 |pages=1205–1208 |doi=10.1126/science.abm7735 |pmid=36921020 |bibcode=2023Sci...379.1205H |s2cid=257571905 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}
University press release: {{cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230315143900.htm|title=Evidence that Venus is volcanically active |date=15 March 2023|work=University of Alaska Fairbanks via Science Daily|access-date=16 March 2023}} On 24 March, a second study finds that Venus hosts far more volcanoes than previously mapped, creating a new catalog.{{cite news |last1=Feehly |first1=Conor |title=There are More Than 85,000 Volcanoes on Venus |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/there-are-more-than-85-000-volcanoes-on-venus |access-date=21 April 2023 |work=Discover Magazine |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Hahn |first1=Rebecca M. |last2=Byrne |first2=Paul K. |title=A Morphological and Spatial Analysis of Volcanoes on Venus |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets |date=April 2023 |volume=128 |issue=4 |pages=e2023JE007753 |doi=10.1029/2023JE007753 |bibcode=2023JGRE..12807753H |s2cid=257745255 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369518625|url-access=subscription |language=en |issn=2169-9097}}
A news outlet reports on a two/multi-robot and beacons mesh communication paradigm (11 Feb) for exploration by robotic probes, drones, spacecraft, disaster recovery rovers or underwater robots.{{cite news |last1=Gasparini |first1=Allison |title=A trick inspired by Hansel and Gretel could help rovers explore other worlds |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/rover-bread-crumbs-hansel-gretel-technology |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=Science News |date=14 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Fink |first1=Wolfgang |last2=Fuhrman |first2=Connor |last3=Nuncio Zuniga |first3=Andres |last4=Tarbell |first4=Mark |title=A Hansel & Gretel Breadcrumb-Style Dynamically Deployed Communication Network Paradigm using Mesh Topology for Planetary Subsurface Exploration |journal=Advances in Space Research |date=11 February 2023 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=518–528 |doi=10.1016/j.asr.2023.02.012 |pmid=37547478 |pmc=10399462 |bibcode=2023AdSpR..72..518F |s2cid=256818650 |language=en |issn=0273-1177 }}
{{vanchor|15 March}}
The structure of olfactory receptor protein OR51E2 is found, the first elucidation of the structure of any human olfactory receptor to date.{{cite journal |author=Shi En Kim |title=Scientists sniff out the structure of a human olfactory receptor |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-10110-scicon3 |journal=Chemical & Engineering News |year=2023 |volume=101 |issue=10 |page=6 |doi=10.1021/cen-10110-scicon3 |access-date=March 31, 2023|url-access=subscription }}{{cite journal |last1=Billesbølle |first1=Christian B. |last2=de March |first2=Claire A. |last3=van der Velden |first3=Wijnand J. C. |last4=Ma |first4=Ning |last5=Tewari |first5=Jeevan |last6=del Torrent |first6=Claudia Llinas |last7=Li |first7=Linus |last8=Faust |first8=Bryan |last9=Vaidehi |first9=Nagarajan |last10=Matsunami |first10=Hiroaki |last11=Manglik |first11=Aashish |title=Structural basis of odorant recognition by a human odorant receptor |journal=Nature |date=March 2023 |volume=615 |issue=7953 |pages=742–749 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05798-y |pmid=36922591 |pmc=10580732 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..742B |language=en |issn=1476-4687|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.12.20.520951|s2cid=254975795 }}
A technique for offspring from two male mice via skin cells (differentiated to oocytes) and many (7 out of 630 successful) embryo transfers is demonstrated.{{cite news |last1=Ungar |first1=Laura |title=Scientists create mice with cells from 2 males for 1st time |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2023/03/15/mice-sperm-eggs-embryos-male/670fda60-c36e-11ed-82a7-6a87555c1878_story.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite journal |last1=Murakami |first1=Kenta |last2=Hamazaki |first2=Nobuhiko |last3=Hamada |first3=Norio |last4=Nagamatsu |first4=Go |last5=Okamoto |first5=Ikuhiro |last6=Ohta |first6=Hiroshi |last7=Nosaka |first7=Yoshiaki |last8=Ishikura |first8=Yukiko |last9=Kitajima |first9=Tomoya S. |last10=Semba |first10=Yuichiro |last11=Kunisaki |first11=Yuya |last12=Arai |first12=Fumio |last13=Akashi |first13=Koichi |last14=Saitou |first14=Mitinori |last15=Kato |first15=Kiyoko |last16=Hayashi |first16=Katsuhiko |title=Generation of functional oocytes from male mice in vitro |journal=Nature |date=March 2023 |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=900–906 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05834-x |pmid=36922585 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..900M |hdl=2324/6787514 |s2cid=257583849 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369267998 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription|hdl-access=free }}
{{vanchor|16 March}} – The first Global Biolabs Report documents a rapid rise of high-risk pathogen labs around the world, many of which in urban areas or with particularly weak biorisk management, with BSL-4 labs doubling within a decade. Its results raise concerns about contemporary pandemic prevention measures for which the report makes broad key recommendations to prevent reckless, accidental – for which there are track-records{{cite web |last1=Harmon |first1=Katherine |title=Nearly 400 Accidents with Dangerous Pathogens and Biotoxins Reported in U.S. Labs over 7 Years |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/nearly-400-accidents-with-dangerous-pathogens-and-bio-toxins-reported-in-u-s-labs-over-seven-years/ |website=Scientific American Blog Network |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=Branswell |first1=Helen |title=Bio-Unsafety Level 3: Could the Next Lab Accident Result in a Pandemic? |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bio-unsafety-level-3-could-the-next-lab-accident-result-in-a-pandemic/ |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Alison |title=Newly disclosed CDC biolab failures 'like a screenplay for a disaster movie' |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/06/02/newly-disclosed-cdc-lab-incidents-fuel-concerns-safety-transparency/84978860/ |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=USA TODAY}}{{cite news |last1=Sample |first1=Ian |title=Revealed: 100 safety breaches at UK labs handling potentially deadly diseases |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/dec/04/-sp-100-safety-breaches-uk-labs-potentially-deadly-diseases |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=4 December 2014}} – or malicious releases.{{cite news |last1=Kaiser |first1=Jocelyn |title=Growing number of high-security pathogen labs around world raises concerns |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/growing-number-high-security-pathogen-labs-around-world-raises-concerns |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Science |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Global Biolabs Report 2023 |url=https://www.globalbiolabs.org/policy-briefs |website=Global Biolabs |access-date=19 April 2023}}
{{vanchor|17 March}} – A study suggests in developed countries (Sweden) wealth (lottery winning) increases marriage formation and fertility (likely via desirability) for males, with the only discernible effect on female winners being increased short-run (but not long-run) divorce risk.{{cite news |last1=Stone |first1=Lyman |title=Would You Have a Baby If You Won the Lottery? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/03/money-wealth-lottery-impact-fertility-rate/673549/ |access-date=21 April 2023 |work=The Atlantic |date=30 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Cesarini |first1=David |last2=Lindqvist |first2=Erik |last3=Östling |first3=Robert |last4=Terskaya |first4=Anastasia |title=Fortunate Families? The Effects of Wealth on Marriage and Fertility |website=National Bureau of Economic Research |date=March 2023 |doi=10.3386/w31039 |url=https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w31039/w31039.pdf |doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|19 March}} – A news outlet reports on a systematic study of major issues in popular currently available commercial VPNs for Internet privacy and security.{{cite magazine |last1=Fogel |first1=Sam |title=I Got Investigated by the Secret Service. Here's How to Not Be Me |url=https://www.wired.com/story/secret-service-investigated-me-twitter/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=19 April 2023}}{{cite web |title=VPNalyzer: Systematic Investigation of the VPN Ecosystem |url=https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-content/uploads/2022-285-paper.pdf |access-date=19 April 2023}}
Website: {{cite web |title=VPNInspector: Systematic Investigation of the VPN Ecosystem |url=https://www.ndss-symposium.org/ndss-paper/auto-draft-244/ |website=NDSS Symposium |access-date=19 April 2023}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Are VPNs really the answer? |url=https://cse.engin.umich.edu/stories/are-vpns-really-the-answer |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Computer Science and Engineering}} On 3 March, researchers report on their paper about 'digital resignation', calling for regulations and education reform.{{cite web |last1=Fong |first1=Meiling |last2=Arsel |first2=Zeynep |title=Protecting privacy online begins with tackling 'digital resignation,' say researchers |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-03-privacy-online-tackling-digital-resignation.html |website=techxplore.com |language=en}}
{{vanchor|20 March}}
The final synthesis of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report is published. It summarises the state of knowledge relating to climate change with assessed levels of confidence. Conclusions in the summary for contemporary policy-makers include that the extent to which both current and future generations will be impacted depends on choices now and in the near-term, with "high confidence" that policies implemented by the end of 2020 are "projected to result in higher global GHG emissions in 2030 than emissions implied by NDCs" and would fail to meet global climate goals.{{cite web |title=AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023 — IPCC |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-cycle/ |access-date=18 April 2023}}
The CDC reports of rising concerns over the accelerating (95% increase in 2021) spread of antimicrobial-resistant C. auris fungus in U.S. healthcare facilities.{{cite news |last1=Richtel |first1=Matt |title=Deadly Fungus Spread Rapidly During the Pandemic, C.D.C. Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/20/health/candida-auris-us-fungus.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=20 March 2023}}{{cite web |title=Increasing Threat of Spread of Antimicrobial-resistant Fungus in Healthcare Facilities |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2023/p0320-cauris.html |website=CDC |access-date=19 April 2023 |language=en-us |date=1 January 2016}}{{cite journal |last1=Lyman |first1=Meghan |last2=Forsberg |first2=Kaitlin |last3=Sexton |first3=D. Joseph |last4=Chow |first4=Nancy A. |last5=Lockhart |first5=Shawn R. |last6=Jackson |first6=Brendan R. |last7=Chiller |first7=Tom |title=Worsening Spread of Candida auris in the United States, 2019 to 2021 |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |date=April 2023 |volume=176 |issue=4 |pages=489–495 |doi=10.7326/M22-3469 |pmid=36940442 |s2cid=257632701 |language=en |issn=0003-4819|pmc=11307313 }} On 13 March, a study reports the first case of C. purpureum causing disease in a human – a mycologist, highlighting cross-kingdom human pathogen potential.{{cite news |last1=Lanese |first1=Nicoletta |title=In a 1st, man catches 'silver leaf,' a tree fungus never before seen in humans |url=https://www.livescience.com/in-a-1st-man-catches-silver-leaf-a-tree-fungus-never-before-seen-in-humans |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=livescience.com |date=4 April 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Dutta |first1=Soma |last2=Ray |first2=Ujjwayini |title=Paratracheal abscess by plant fungus Chondrostereum purpureum- first case report of human infection |journal=Medical Mycology Case Reports |date=1 June 2023 |volume=40 |pages=30–32 |doi=10.1016/j.mmcr.2023.03.001 |pmid=36950374 |pmc=10025813 |language=en |issn=2211-7539}}
A consciousness- and psychedelics science study shows the most comprehensive view of the acute brain action of psychedelics during trips with the first EEG-fMRI neuroimaging results about DMT effects on the brain.{{cite news |last1=Sample |first1=Ian |title=Psychedelic brew ayahuasca's profound impact revealed in brain scans |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/mar/20/psychedelic-brew-ayahuasca-profound-impact-brain-scans-dmt |work=The Guardian |date=20 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Timmermann |first1=Christopher |last2=Roseman |first2=Leor |last3=Haridas |first3=Sharad |last4=Rosas |first4=Fernando E. |last5=Luan |first5=Lisa |last6=Kettner |first6=Hannes |last7=Martell |first7=Jonny |last8=Erritzoe |first8=David |last9=Tagliazucchi |first9=Enzo |last10=Pallavicini |first10=Carla |last11=Girn |first11=Manesh |last12=Alamia |first12=Andrea |last13=Leech |first13=Robert |last14=Nutt |first14=David J. |last15=Carhart-Harris |first15=Robin L. |title=Human brain effects of DMT assessed via EEG-fMRI |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=28 March 2023 |volume=120 |issue=13 |pages=e2218949120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2218949120 |pmid=36940333 |pmc=10068756 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12018949T |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|21 March}}
Analysis of samples from the near-Earth asteroid Ryugu reveals the presence of uracil, one of the four nucleobases in RNA needed for life.{{cite news|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/asteroid-analysis-reveals-prebiotic-compounds/|title=Asteroid Analysis Reveals Prebiotic Compounds |date=21 March 2023|work=Sky & Telescope|access-date=22 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Oba |first1=Yasuhiro |last2=Koga |first2=Toshiki |last3=Takano |first3=Yoshinori |last4=Ogawa |first4=Nanako O. |last5=Ohkouchi |first5=Naohiko |last6=Sasaki |first6=Kazunori |last7=Sato |first7=Hajime |last8=Glavin |first8=Daniel P. |last9=Dworkin |first9=Jason P. |last10=Naraoka |first10=Hiroshi |last11=Tachibana |first11=Shogo |last12=Yurimoto |first12=Hisayoshi |last13=Nakamura |first13=Tomoki |last14=Noguchi |first14=Takaaki |last15=Okazaki |first15=Ryuji |last16=Yabuta |first16=Hikaru |last17=Sakamoto |first17=Kanako |last18=Yada |first18=Toru |last19=Nishimura |first19=Masahiro |last20=Nakato |first20=Aiko |last21=Miyazaki |first21=Akiko |last22=Yogata |first22=Kasumi |last23=Abe |first23=Masanao |last24=Okada |first24=Tatsuaki |last25=Usui |first25=Tomohiro |last26=Yoshikawa |first26=Makoto |last27=Saiki |first27=Takanao |last28=Tanaka |first28=Satoshi |last29=Terui |first29=Fuyuto |last30=Nakazawa |first30=Satoru |last31=Watanabe |first31=Sei-ichiro |last32=Tsuda |first32=Yuichi |title=Uracil in the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu |journal=Nature Communications |date=21 March 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=1292 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-36904-3 |pmid=36944653 |pmc=10030641 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.1292O |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
A university reports on a study (23 Feb) that concludes that "the public has more-positive attitudes towards [fossil fuel] subsidy removal if optimal use of the saved fiscal revenues is specified".{{cite journal |last1=Harring |first1=Niklas |last2=Jönsson |first2=Erik |last3=Matti |first3=Simon |last4=Mundaca |first4=Gabriela |last5=Jagers |first5=Sverker C. |title=Cross-national analysis of attitudes towards fossil fuel subsidy removal |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=March 2023 |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=244–249 |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01597-5 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13..244H |language=en |issn=1758-6798|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Public acceptance of fossil fuel subsidy removal could be improved in developing countries |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-03-fossil-fuel-subsidy-countries.html |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=University of Gothenburg via phys.org |language=en}}
{{vanchor|22 March}} – Astronomers report that ʻOumuamua, an interstellar object discovered in 2017 passing through the Solar System, was a comet after all, "originating as a planetesimal relic"; the observed acceleration was "due to the release of entrapped molecular hydrogen that formed through energetic processing of an H₂O-rich icy body".{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Oumuamua Was a Comet After All, a Study Suggests - Astronomers offer "a surprisingly simple explanation" for the curious behavior of the interstellar visitor in 2017. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/22/science/astronomy-oumuamua-comet.html |date=22 March 2023 |work=The New York Times |access-date=23 March 2023 }}{{cite journal |last1=Bergner |first1=Jennifer |last2=Seligman |first2=Darryl Z. |title=Acceleration of 1I/'Oumuamua from radiolytically produced H2 in H2O ice |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05687-w |date=22 March 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7953 |pages=610–613 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05687-w |pmid=36949336 |arxiv=2303.13698 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..610B |s2cid=257668585 |access-date=23 March 2023 }}
{{vanchor|23 March}}
Progress in health literacy and communication:
A review about mitochondria and health is published, suggesting that "a normalization of a lack of physical activity in our modern society has led to the perception that exercise is an 'intervention'" instead of part of a modus vivendi engrained in human bodies and that lessons learned from elite athlete research (healthy subjects) could be translated to the betterment of populations' health.{{cite journal |last1=San-Millán |first1=Iñigo |title=The Key Role of Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease |journal=Antioxidants |date=April 2023 |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=782 |doi=10.3390/antiox12040782 |pmid=37107158 |pmc=10135185 |language=en |issn=2076-3921|doi-access=free}}
On 2 March, a report projects more than half of the global population will be obese within 12 years, assessing the situations in 187 countries, including their obesity prevention policies commitment.{{cite news |last1=Rigby |first1=Jennifer |title=More than half of the world will be overweight or obese by 2035 - report |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/more-than-half-world-will-be-overweight-or-obese-by-2035-report-2023-03-02/ |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=Reuters |date=2 March 2023 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=World Obesity Atlas 2023 |url=https://www.worldobesity.org/resources/resource-library/world-obesity-atlas-2023 |website=World Obesity Federation |access-date=22 April 2023 |language=en}}
On 21 March, a psychologist reports on a study (10 Feb) that hypothesizes mental health awareness efforts (in current forms) or glamorised and romanticised mental disorders on social media (e.g. quotes about depression on aesthetically appealing backgrounds shared widely on certain social media{{which|date=April 2023}}) may contribute to the recent rise in reported mental health problems – by intensifying and over-diagnosing of such – beyond e.g. increased reporting of previously under-recognised symptoms or mental health-related issues.{{cite web |last1=Sears |first1=Richard |title=Mental Health Awareness Campaigns May Actually Lead to Increases in Mental Distress |url=https://www.madinamerica.com/2023/03/mental-health-awareness-campaigns-may-actually-lead-to-global-increases-in-mental-distress/ |website=Mad In America |access-date=22 April 2023 |date=21 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Foulkes |first1=Lucy |last2=Andrews |first2=Jack L. |title=Are mental health awareness efforts contributing to the rise in reported mental health problems? A call to test the prevalence inflation hypothesis |journal=New Ideas in Psychology |date=1 April 2023 |volume=69 |page=101010 |doi=10.1016/j.newideapsych.2023.101010 |s2cid=256776819 |language=en |issn=0732-118X}}
A study, as part of a series{{cite web |title=Series from the Lancet journals – Commercial determinants of health |url=https://www.thelancet.com/series/commercial-determinants-health |access-date=22 April 2023}} and alongside a WHO fact sheet{{image requested inline|date=April 2023}} (21 Mar),{{cite news |title=Experts call for action on the commercial determinants of health and health equity |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/24-03-2023-experts-call-for-action-on-the-commercial-determinants-of-health-and-health-equity |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=www.who.int |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Commercial determinants of health |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/commercial-determinants-of-health |website=www.who.int |language=en}} robustifies the recent{{cite journal |last1=de Lacy-Vawdon |first1=Cassandra |last2=Livingstone |first2=Charles |title=Defining the commercial determinants of health: a systematic review |journal=BMC Public Health |date=29 June 2020 |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=1022 |doi=10.1186/s12889-020-09126-1 |pmid=32600398 |pmc=7325018 |issn=1471-2458|doi-access=free}} concept of "commercial determinants of health" suggesting "transnational corporations", facilitated by economic and governance systems{{cite journal |last1=Lacy-Vawdon |first1=Cassandra de |last2=Vandenberg |first2=Brian |last3=Livingstone |first3=Charles Henry |title=Recognising the elephant in the room: the commercial determinants of health |journal=BMJ Global Health |date=1 February 2022 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e007156 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007156 |pmid=35121643 |pmc=8819800 |language=en |issn=2059-7908}} and a "shift towards market fundamentalism", are responsible for escalating rates of avoidable ill health, planetary damage, and social and health inequity", with just four industry sectors ("tobacco, ultra-processed food, fossil fuel, and alcohol") "already account[ing] for [or being involved in] at least a third of global deaths". It concludes that while policy-related capacities "have been impoverished and disempowered or captured by commercial interests", "many policy solutions [to some degree of adoptability] are available [but are] not being implemented".{{cite news |last1=Mahomedy |first1=Dr Sameera |title=Industries can harm health in many ways: Here are 3 that aren't so obvious |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-03-industries-health-ways-obvious.html |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Gilmore |first1=Anna B |last2=Fabbri |first2=Alice |last3=Baum |first3=Fran |last4=Bertscher |first4=Adam |last5=Bondy |first5=Krista |last6=Chang |first6=Ha-Joon |last7=Demaio |first7=Sandro |last8=Erzse |first8=Agnes |last9=Freudenberg |first9=Nicholas |last10=Friel |first10=Sharon |last11=Hofman |first11=Karen J |last12=Johns |first12=Paula |last13=Abdool Karim |first13=Safura |last14=Lacy-Nichols |first14=Jennifer |last15=de Carvalho |first15=Camila Maranha Paes |last16=Marten |first16=Robert |last17=McKee |first17=Martin |last18=Petticrew |first18=Mark |last19=Robertson |first19=Lindsay |last20=Tangcharoensathien |first20=Viroj |last21=Thow |first21=Anne Marie |title=Defining and conceptualising the commercial determinants of health |journal=The Lancet |date=April 2023 |volume=401 |issue=10383 |pages=1194–1213 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00013-2 |pmid=36966782 |hdl=1893/35148 |s2cid=257698115 |issn=0140-6736|hdl-access=free }} On 22 March, a news outlet reports on a paper (25 Jan) that contributes to an understanding of already-existing law that suggests that fossil fuel companies may be chargeable with homicide due to climate change effects and e.g. partly their deception of the public and proactive prevention of regulations. The paper is focused on corporate actors and does not address e.g. politicians' and policymakers' responsibilities, media people or issues, economic pressures or incentives, and responsibilities for facilitations of solutions to these underlying economic conditions.{{cite news |last1=Kahn |first1=Brian |title=New climate paper calls for charging big US oil firms with homicide |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/22/big-oil-companies-homicide-harvard-environmental-law-review |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=22 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Arkush |first1=David |last2=Braman |first2=Donald |title=Climate Homicide: Prosecuting Big Oil For Climate Deaths |date=23 January 2023 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.4335779 |journal=Harvard Environmental Law Review |s2cid=256447850 |language=en}}
The first (9) multi-organ-based human virome, of (31) post-mortem healthy individuals, is published, including a dark virome from body sites previously considered to be sterile. Positive and negative long-term consequences of such resident DNA viruses, including reactivation factors and issues, are largely unknown.{{cite journal |last1=Pyöriä |first1=Lari |last2=Pratas |first2=Diogo |last3=Toppinen |first3=Mari |last4=Hedman |first4=Klaus |last5=Sajantila |first5=Antti |last6=Perdomo |first6=Maria F.|title=Unmasking the tissue-resident eukaryotic DNA virome in humans |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |date=23 March 2023 |volume=51 |issue=7 |pages=3223–3239 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkad199|pmid=36951096 |pmc=10123123 |doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Researchers uncover the tissue-resident eukaryotic DNA virome in humans |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-04-uncover-tissue-resident-eukaryotic-dna-virome.html |access-date=22 April 2023 |work=University of Helsinki via phys.org |language=en}}{{additional citation needed|date=April 2023}}
{{vanchor|28 March}} – A new viable lithium-ion battery recycling method is reported.{{cite news |title=New lithium-ion battery recycling method is energy efficient, acid free and recovers 70% lithium |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/lithium-ion-battery-recycling-new/ |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Cosmos Magazine |date=31 March 2023 |language=en-AU}}{{cite journal |last1=Dolotko |first1=Oleksandr |last2=Gehrke |first2=Niclas |last3=Malliaridou |first3=Triantafillia |last4=Sieweck |first4=Raphael |last5=Herrmann |first5=Laura |last6=Hunzinger |first6=Bettina |last7=Knapp |first7=Michael |last8=Ehrenberg |first8=Helmut |title=Universal and efficient extraction of lithium for lithium-ion battery recycling using mechanochemistry |journal=Communications Chemistry |date=28 March 2023 |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=49 |doi=10.1038/s42004-023-00844-2 |pmid=36977798 |pmc=10049983 |language=en |issn=2399-3669|doi-access=free}} On 21 March, a university and one news outlet report on a study (21 Feb) suggesting incentives and regulations are needed for producers to design solar panels that can be more easily recycled.{{cite news |last1=Hart |first1=Amalyah |title=Researchers urge mandatory scheme to ensure solar panels are recycled |url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/researchers-urge-mandatory-scheme-to-ensure-solar-panels-are-recycled/ |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=RenewEconomy |date=21 March 2023 |language=en-AU}}{{cite journal |last1=Majewski |first1=Peter |last2=Deng |first2=Rong |last3=Dias |first3=Pablo R. |last4=Jones |first4=Megan |last5=Majewski |first5=Peter |last6=Deng |first6=Rong |last7=Dias |first7=Pablo R. |last8=Jones |first8=Megan |title=Product stewardship considerations for solar photovoltaic panels |journal=AIMS Energy |date=2023 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=140–155 |doi=10.3934/energy.2023008 |language=en |issn=2333-8334|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Solar industry feeling the heat over disposal of 80 million panels |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-03-solar-industry-disposal-million-panels.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=University of South Australia via techxplore.com |language=en}}
{{vanchor|29 March}}
A study of ~90,000 adults finds that increased physical activity levels can reduce the mortality risks associated with short or long sleep duration.{{cite news|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/984049|title=Exercise may reduce negative effects of unhealthy sleep duration on longevity |date=29 March 2023|work=EurekAlert!|access-date=31 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Liang |first1=Yannis Yan |last2=Feng |first2=Hongliang |last3=Chen |first3=Yilin |last4=Jin |first4=Xinyi |last5=Xue |first5=Huachen |last6=Zhou |first6=Mingqing |last7=Ma |first7=Huan |last8=Ai |first8=Sizhi |last9=Wing |first9=Yun-Kwok |last10=Geng |first10=Qingshan |last11=Zhang |first11=Jihui |title=Joint association of physical activity and sleep duration with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study using accelerometry |journal=European Journal of Preventive Cardiology |date=29 March 2023 |volume=30 |issue=9 |pages=832–843 |doi=10.1093/eurjpc/zwad060|pmid=36990109 }}
Astronomers identify an "ultramassive" black hole, one of the largest ever discovered, and the first to be confirmed through gravitational lensing, at the centre of the galaxy Abell 1201 BCG.{{cite journal|author=J W Nightingale |display-authors=et. al. |title=Abell 1201: detection of an ultramassive black hole in a strong gravitational lens |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=May 2023 |volume=521 |issue=3 |pages=3298–3322 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad587|doi-access=free |arxiv=2303.15514 }}
University press release: {{cite web | url=https://www.durham.ac.uk/news-events/latest-news/2023/03/light-bending-gravity-reveals-one-of-the-biggest-black-holes-ever-found--/ | title=Light-bending gravity reveals one of the biggest black holes ever found|work=Durham University }}
News outlets report on a study (19 Feb) that indicates the language connectome is shaped by factors that include native language characteristics.{{cite news |last1=Cutts |first1=Elise |title=Your brain wires itself to match your native language |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/brain-wires-native-language-neurons |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=Science News |date=29 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Xuehu |last2=Adamson |first2=Helyne |last3=Schwendemann |first3=Matthias |last4=Goucha |first4=Tomás |last5=Friederici |first5=Angela D. |last6=Anwander |first6=Alfred |title=Native language differences in the structural connectome of the human brain |journal=NeuroImage |date=15 April 2023 |volume=270 |page=119955 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119955 |pmid=36805092 |s2cid=256987996 |language=en |issn=1053-8119|doi-access=free }}
A study reports a bacterial new PVC injection system-based way of protein delivery, one of the biggest unsolved problems{{update inline|date=April 2023}} of gene editing.{{cite news |last1=Wickelgren |first1=Ingrid |title=Bacterial 'Nanosyringe' Could Deliver Gene Therapy to Human Cells |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bacterial-nanosyringe-could-deliver-gene-therapy-to-human-cells/ |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Kreitz |first1=Joseph |last2=Friedrich |first2=Mirco J. |last3=Guru |first3=Akash |last4=Lash |first4=Blake |last5=Saito |first5=Makoto |last6=Macrae |first6=Rhiannon K. |last7=Zhang |first7=Feng |title=Programmable protein delivery with a bacterial contractile injection system |journal=Nature |date=April 2023 |volume=616 |issue=7956 |pages=357–364 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05870-7 |pmid=36991127 |pmc=10097599 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..357K |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|30 March}}
A study of the deep ocean currents around Antarctica finds they could slow by 40% by 2050, with significant implications for the global climate.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-65120327|title=Antarctic ocean currents heading for collapse- report |date=30 March 2023|work=BBC News|access-date=30 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Qian |last2=England |first2=Matthew H. |last3=Hogg |first3=Andrew McC |last4=Rintoul |first4=Stephen R. |last5=Morrison |first5=Adele K. |title=Abyssal ocean overturning slowdown and warming driven by Antarctic meltwater |journal=Nature |date=March 2023 |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=841–847 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05762-w |pmid=36991191 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..841L |s2cid=257807573 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
University press release: {{cite news|url=https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science-tech/deep-ocean-currents-around-antarctica-headed-collapse-study-finds|title=Deep ocean currents around Antarctica headed for collapse, study finds |date=30 March 2023|work=UNSW|access-date=30 March 2023}} On 27 March, a study attempts to provide estimations of the tipping point(s) of the Greenland ice sheet. It found that "critical ice volumes are crossed for cumulative emissions of 1,000 and 2,500 GtC, which would cause long-term sea level rise by 1.8 and 6.9 m respectively", suggesting a "tipping of the GIS within the range of the temperature limits of the Paris agreement".{{cite news |last1=Dixit |first1=Mrigakshi |title=Greenland ice sheet close to point of no return, reveals computer model |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/greenland-ice-sheet-irreversible-melting |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=28 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Höning |first1=Dennis |last2=Willeit |first2=Matteo |last3=Calov |first3=Reinhard |last4=Klemann |first4=Volker |last5=Bagge |first5=Meike |last6=Ganopolski |first6=Andrey |title=Multistability and Transient Response of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Anthropogenic CO 2 Emissions |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |date=28 March 2023 |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=e2022GL101827 |doi=10.1029/2022GL101827 |bibcode=2023GeoRL..5001827H |language=en |issn=0094-8276|doi-access=free}}
Botanists report plants emit ultrasonic sounds under stress which can be interpreted, relevant to agriculture.{{cite news |last1=Rosen |first1=Meghan |title=Stressed plants make ultrasonic clicking noises |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/plant-stress-ultrasonic-click-noise-sound |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=Science News |date=30 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Khait |first1=Itzhak |last2=Lewin-Epstein |first2=Ohad |last3=Sharon |first3=Raz |last4=Saban |first4=Kfir |last5=Goldstein |first5=Revital |last6=Anikster |first6=Yehuda |last7=Zeron |first7=Yarden |last8=Agassy |first8=Chen |last9=Nizan |first9=Shaked |last10=Sharabi |first10=Gayl |last11=Perelman |first11=Ran |last12=Boonman |first12=Arjan |last13=Sade |first13=Nir |last14=Yovel |first14=Yossi |last15=Hadany |first15=Lilach |title=Sounds emitted by plants under stress are airborne and informative |journal=Cell |date=March 2023 |volume=186 |issue=7 |pages=1328–1336.e10 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.009|pmid=37001499 |doi-access=free}}
A news outlet reports on a DVGW report that suggests gas pipeline infrastructures (in Germany) are suitable to be repurposed to transport hydrogen, showing limited corrosion.{{cite news |title=Gasleitungen in Deutschland sind bereit für Wasserstoff |url=https://www.forschung-und-wissen.de/nachrichten/technik/gasleitungen-in-deutschland-sind-bereit-fuer-wasserstoff-13377194 |access-date=20 April 2023 |work=www.forschung-und-wissen.de |language=de}}{{cite web |title=DVGW: Germany's gas pipelines h2ready |url=https://www.dvgw.de/english-pages/dvgw/news/germanys-gas-pipelines-h2ready |publisher=DVGW |access-date=20 April 2023}}
{{vanchor|31 March}}
Parts of Twitter's recommender algorithms become open source, welcomed and requested by many albeit with several issues related to code exclusion and verifiability.{{cite news |last1=Wiggers |first1=Kyle |title=Twitter reveals some of its source code, including its recommendation algorithm |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/31/twitter-reveals-some-of-its-source-code-including-its-recommendation-algorithm/ |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=TechCrunch |date=31 March 2023}}{{cite magazine |last1=Geurkink |first1=Brandi |title=Twitter's Open Source Algorithm Is a Red Herring |url=https://www.wired.com/story/twitters-open-source-algorithm-is-a-red-herring/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=19 April 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Clark |first1=Mitchell |title=Twitter takes its algorithm 'open-source,' as Elon Musk promised |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/31/23664849/twitter-releases-algorithm-musk-open-source |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=The Verge}} Around that time, the free version of its API, which was also used for research, is shut down{{cite news |last1=Willingham |first1=A. J. |title=Why Twitter users are upset about the platform's latest change |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/03/tech/twitter-api-what-is-pricing-change-cec/index.html |access-date=15 May 2023 |work=CNN |date=3 February 2023 |language=en}} – followed shortly thereafter by Reddit's{{cite news |last1=Wiggers |first1=Kyle |title=Reddit will begin charging for access to its API |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/04/18/reddit-will-begin-charging-for-access-to-its-api/ |access-date=15 May 2023 |work=TechCrunch |date=18 April 2023}} – proprietary verification checkmarks cause controversy,{{cite news |title=Twitter pulls check mark from main New York Times account |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-04-twitter-main-york-account.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=The Associated Press via techxplore.com |language=en}} parts of its source code are leaked,{{cite news |title=Parts of Twitter source code leaked online, court filing shows |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/parts-twitter-source-code-leaked-online-court-filing-shows-2023-03-27/ |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Reuters |date=27 March 2023 |language=en}} and applications of a "state-affiliated media" label – which purportedly uses "publicly funded broadcasters" data which, like the label, does not differentiate and list the shares of funding sources – cause controversy.{{cite news |last1=Duffy |first1=Clare |title=NPR and PBS stop using Twitter after receiving 'government funded media' label |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/12/tech/npr-twitter-use/index.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=CNN |date=12 April 2023 |language=en}}{{cite news |title=NPR quits Twitter after being falsely labeled as 'state-affiliated media' |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/04/12/1169269161/npr-leaves-twitter-government-funded-media-label |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=NPR}}
A university reports on a study (14 Jan) demonstrating functional integration{{Broken anchor|date=2024-06-06|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Neuroenhancement#Intrabrain bioengineering|reason= The anchor (Intrabrain bioengineering) has been deleted.}} of a magnetically steered microbot containing neurons, 'Mag-Neurobot', in a mouse "organotypic hippocampal slice" (OHS) as physical (semi-)artificial neurons.{{cite news |title=Auf dem Weg in die Matrix: Mikroboboter loggt sich in neuronale Netzwerke ein {{!}} MDR.DE |url=https://www.mdr.de/wissen/mikroboboter-loggt-sich-in-neuronale-netzwerke-ein100.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=MDR |language=de}}{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Eunhee |last2=Jeon |first2=Sungwoong |last3=Yang |first3=Yoon-Sil |last4=Jin |first4=Chaewon |last5=Kim |first5=Jin-young |last6=Oh |first6=Yong-Seok |last7=Rah |first7=Jong-Cheol |last8=Choi |first8=Hongsoo |title=A Neurospheroid-Based Microrobot for Targeted Neural Connections in a Hippocampal Slice |journal=Advanced Materials |date=March 2023 |volume=35 |issue=13 |page=2208747 |doi=10.1002/adma.202208747 |pmid=36640750 |bibcode=2023AdM....3508747K |s2cid=257774877 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367151244 |language=en |issn=0935-9648|url-access=subscription}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Microrobot capable of forming neural networks and sectioning hippocampal tissues in vitro |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-03-microrobot-capable-neural-networks-sectioning.html |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
{{vanchor|Innovations_March|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are demonstrated}}:{{image requested inline|date=April 2023}} a low-cost open source air pollution sensor (Flatburn) (1 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Verma |first1=Kavita |title=MIT researchers create a novel low-cost and portable air pollution sensor |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mit-portable-air-pollution-detector |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=17 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=An |last2=Machida |first2=Yuki |last3=deSouza |first3=Priyanka |last4=Mora |first4=Simone |last5=Duhl |first5=Tiffany |last6=Hudda |first6=Neelakshi |last7=Durant |first7=John L. |last8=Duarte |first8=Fábio |last9=Ratti |first9=Carlo |title=Leveraging machine learning algorithms to advance low-cost air sensor calibration in stationary and mobile settings |journal=Atmospheric Environment |date=15 May 2023 |volume=301 |page=119692 |doi=10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119692 |bibcode=2023AtmEn.30119692W |hdl=11250/3115453 |s2cid=257295277 |language=en |issn=1352-2310|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231023001188|url-access=subscription|hdl-access=free }} a second biotech company commercializes sustainable MS mycelium protein after Quorn in 1983 (Meati Foods) (6 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Engineering |first1=Interesting |title=Mycelium beef steaks and poultry whole-cuts see explosive retail growth |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/mycelium-beef-steaks-retail-growth |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=9 March 2023}} another agrivoltaic greenhouse which outperforms a conventional glass-roof greenhouse (6 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Paleja |first1=Ameya |title=Organic solar cells help plants in greenhouses grow better, finds study |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/organic-components-to-make-solar-cells |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=6 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Yepin |last2=Li |first2=Zongqi |last3=Deger |first3=Caner |last4=Wang |first4=Minhuan |last5=Peric |first5=Miroslav |last6=Yin |first6=Yanfeng |last7=Meng |first7=Dong |last8=Yang |first8=Wenxin |last9=Wang |first9=Xinyao |last10=Xing |first10=Qiyu |last11=Chang |first11=Bin |last12=Scott |first12=Elizabeth G. |last13=Zhou |first13=Yifan |last14=Zhang |first14=Elizabeth |last15=Zheng |first15=Ran |last16=Bian |first16=Jiming |last17=Shi |first17=Yantao |last18=Yavuz |first18=Ilhan |last19=Wei |first19=Kung-Hwa |last20=Houk |first20=K. N. |last21=Yang |first21=Yang |title=Achieving sustainability of greenhouses by integrating stable semi-transparent organic photovoltaics |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=6 March 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=539–548 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01071-2 |bibcode=2023NatSu...6..539Z |s2cid=257388015 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01071-2 |language=en |issn=2398-9629|url-access=subscription}}
University press release: {{cite news |title=Engineers design solar roofs to harvest energy for greenhouses |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-03-solar-roofs-harvest-energy-greenhouses.html |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=University of California, Los Angeles via techxplore.com |language=en}} first kWh by a TLP floating airborne wind turbine system (X30) possibly as part of a "new wave of startups" in this area{{cite news |title=Sky-high kites aim to tap unused wind power |url=https://www.dw.com/en/wind-power-renewable-energy-of-the-future/a-65021452 |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=dw.com |language=en}} (7 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Malayil |first1=Jijo |title=World's first floating wind prototype with TLP system produces first kWh |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/worlds-first-floating-wind-prototype |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=7 March 2023}} WHO recommendations on two new types of insecticide-treated nets for Malaria prevention (14 Mar),{{cite news |title=WHO publishes recommendations on two new types of insecticide-treated nets |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/14-03-2023-who-publishes-recommendations-on-two-new-types-of-insecticide-treated-nets |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=www.who.int |language=en}} a biodegradable and biorecyclable glass (17 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Papadopoulos |first1=Loukia |title='Green-life technology': Biodegradable, recyclable glass is finally here |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/biodegradable-recyclable-glass-is-here |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=19 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Xing |first1=Ruirui |last2=Yuan |first2=Chengqian |last3=Fan |first3=Wei |last4=Ren |first4=Xiaokang |last5=Yan |first5=Xuehai |title=Biomolecular glass with amino acid and peptide nanoarchitectonics |journal=Science Advances |date=15 March 2023 |volume=9 |issue=11 |pages=eadd8105 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.add8105 |pmid=36930715 |pmc=10022897 |bibcode=2023SciA....9D8105X |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}} a COTS demining drone (~21 Mar),{{cite news |title=Metal-Detecting Drone Could Autonomously Find Land Mines - IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/metal-detecting-drone |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=IEEE |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Pfreundschuh |first1=Patrick |last2=Bähnemann |first2=Rik |last3=Kazik |first3=Tim |last4=Mantel |first4=Thomas |last5=Siegwart |first5=Roland |last6=Andersson |first6=Olov |title=2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) |chapter=Resilient Terrain Navigation with a 5 DOF Metal Detector Drone |date=3 March 2023|pages=10652–10658 |doi=10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10161253 |arxiv=2212.07132 |isbn=979-8-3503-2365-8 |s2cid=254636530 }} nonalcoholic first powdered beer (Dryest Beer) (23 Mar),{{cite news |last1=McFadden |first1=Christopher |title=Instant beer powder is here thanks to a German monastic brewery |url=https://interestingengineering.com/diy/german-brewery-instant-beer-powder |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=23 March 2023}} a reforestation drone (AirSeed) (24 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Tamim |first1=Baba |title=AI-powered reforestation drone company secures first-of-its-kind funding |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/reforestation-drone-company-funding |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=25 March 2023}} a phase-change materials embedded in wood-based energy-saving building material (27 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Dixit |first1=Mrigakshi |title=New coconut, lemon material could be used to heat and cool our homes |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/coconut-lemon-material-heat-and-cool-homes |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=3 April 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Montanari |first1=Céline |last2=Chen |first2=Hui |last3=Lidfeldt |first3=Matilda |last4=Gunnarsson |first4=Josefin |last5=Olsén |first5=Peter |last6=Berglund |first6=Lars A. |title=Sustainable Thermal Energy Batteries from Fully Bio-Based Transparent Wood |journal=Small |date=27 March 2023 |volume=19 |issue=28 |page=2301262 |doi=10.1002/smll.202301262 |pmid=36970834 |language=en |issn=1613-6810|doi-access=free}} cultivated meat from extinct mammoths as demonstration of potential (28 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Carrington |first1=Damian |title=Meatball from long-extinct mammoth created by food firm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/28/meatball-mammoth-created-cultivated-meat-firm |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=28 March 2023}} media reports on a study (17 Jul 2022) demonstrating a CNC radiative cooling film (29 Mar).{{cite news |last1=Verma |first1=Kavita |title=New rainbow films offer eco-friendly option for AC units, can cool your house and car |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/rainbow-films-eco-friendly-option-ac-units-cool-house-car |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=29 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Zhu |first1=Wenkai |last2=Droguet |first2=Benjamin |last3=Shen |first3=Qingchen |last4=Zhang |first4=Yun |last5=Parton |first5=Thomas G. |last6=Shan |first6=Xiwei |last7=Parker |first7=Richard M. |last8=De Volder |first8=Michael F. L. |last9=Deng |first9=Tao |last10=Vignolini |first10=Silvia |last11=Li |first11=Tian |title=Structurally Colored Radiative Cooling Cellulosic Films |journal=Advanced Science |date=September 2022 |volume=9 |issue=26 |page=2202061 |doi=10.1002/advs.202202061 |pmid=35843893 |pmc=9475522 |language=en |issn=2198-3844|doi-access=free}}
Promising results of therapeutic candidates are reported: mice-tested CMD (cysteine and methionine deprivation) diet with RSL3 against cancer (2 Mar),{{cite journal |last1=Upadhyayula |first1=Pavan S. |last2=Higgins |first2=Dominique M. |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free |title=Dietary restriction of cysteine and methionine sensitizes gliomas to ferroptosis and induces alterations in energetic metabolism |journal=Nature Communications |date=2 March 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=1187 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-36630-w |pmid=36864031 |pmc=9981683 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.1187U |language=en |issn=2041-1723}} a phase 1 trialed tuberculosis vaccine (6 Mar),{{cite journal |last1=Sagawa |first1=Zachary K. |last2=Goman |first2=Cristina |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free |title=Safety and immunogenicity of a thermostable ID93 + GLA-SE tuberculosis vaccine candidate in healthy adults |journal=Nature Communications |date=6 March 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=1138 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-36789-2 |pmid=36878897 |pmc=9988862 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.1138S |language=en |issn=2041-1723}} trialed pulsed field ablation (PFA) against atrial fibrillation (6 Mar),{{cite journal |last1=Verma |first1=Atul |last2=Haines |first2=David E. |last3=Boersma |first3=Lucas V. |last4=Sood |first4=Nitesh |last5=Natale |first5=Andrea |last6=Marchlinski |first6=Francis E. |last7=Calkins |first7=Hugh |last8=Sanders |first8=Prashanthan |last9=Packer |first9=Douglas L. |last10=Kuck |first10=Karl-Heinz |last11=Hindricks |first11=Gerhard |last12=Onal |first12=Birce |last13=Cerkvenik |first13=Jeffrey |last14=Tada |first14=Hiroshi |last15=DeLurgio |first15=David B. |title=Pulsed Field Ablation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: PULSED AF Pivotal Trial |journal=Circulation |date=6 March 2023 |volume=147 |issue=19 |pages=1422–1432 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.063988 |pmid=36877118 |pmc=10158608 |s2cid=257364000 |language=en |issn=0009-7322}} mice-tested FGF21 (also activated by β-klotho) for alcohol intoxication recovery (7 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Kreier |first1=Freda |title=A hormone shot helped mice drunk on alcohol sober up quickly |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/hormone-shot-drunk-mice-sober-quickly |access-date=23 April 2023 |date=22 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Choi |first1=Mihwa |last2=Schneeberger |first2=Marc |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free |title=FGF21 counteracts alcohol intoxication by activating the noradrenergic nervous system |journal=Cell Metabolism |date=March 2023 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=429–437.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.005|pmid=36889282 |pmc=10009780 }} a mice-tested mRNA vaccine against potential antibiotic-resistant plague which may also be useful for other antibacterial vaccines (8 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sejal |title=World's first mRNA vaccine against deadly plague bacteria is 100% effective |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/mrna-vaccine-plague-bacteria-effective |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=16 March 2023}}{{cite journal |title=A single-dose F1-based mRNA-LNP vaccine provides protection against the lethal plague bacterium|year=2023 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adg1036|doi-access=free |last1=Kon |first1=Edo |last2=Levy |first2=Yinon |last3=Elia |first3=Uri |last4=Cohen |first4=Hila |last5=Hazan-Halevy |first5=Inbal |last6=Aftalion |first6=Moshe |last7=Ezra |first7=Assaf |last8=Bar-Haim |first8=Erez |last9=Naidu |first9=Gonna Somu |last10=Diesendruck |first10=Yael |last11=Rotem |first11=Shahar |last12=Ad-El |first12=Nitay |last13=Goldsmith |first13=Meir |last14=Mamroud |first14=Emanuelle |last15=Peer |first15=Dan |last16=Cohen |first16=Ofer |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=10 |pages=eadg1036 |pmid=36888708 |pmc=9995031 |bibcode=2023SciA....9G1036K }} a study (28 Feb) indicates Naloxone access does not promote high-risk opioid use behaviors (9 Mar),{{cite journal |last1=Bruzelius |first1=Emilie |last2=Cerdá |first2=Magdalena |last3=Davis |first3=Corey S. |last4=Jent |first4=Victoria |last5=Wheeler-Martin |first5=Katherine |last6=Mauro |first6=Christine M. |last7=Crystal |first7=Stephen |last8=Keyes |first8=Katherine M. |last9=Samples |first9=Hillary |last10=Hasin |first10=Deborah S. |last11=Martins |first11=Silvia S. |title=Naloxone expansion is not associated with increases in adolescent heroin use and injection drug use: Evidence from 44 US states |journal=International Journal of Drug Policy |date=1 April 2023 |volume=114 |page=103980 |doi=10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.103980 |pmid=36863285 |s2cid=257272521 |language=en |issn=0955-3959|doi-access=free |pmc=11268161 }}
News article about the study: {{cite news |title=Naloxone Access Not Linked to Teen Substance Use - Physician's Weekly |url=https://www.physiciansweekly.com/naloxone-access-not-linked-to-teen-substance-use/?pagetype=primary-care |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=www.physiciansweekly.com}} rat-tested mitochondrial transplantation (MTx) for cardiac arrest recovery (16 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Yasinski |first1=Emma |title=Mitochondria Transplants Save Rats from Cardiac Arrest |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mitochondria-transplants-save-rats-from-cardiac-arrest/ |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Hayashida |first1=Kei |last2=Takegawa |first2=Ryosuke |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free |title=Exogenous mitochondrial transplantation improves survival and neurological outcomes after resuscitation from cardiac arrest |journal=BMC Medicine |date=16 March 2023 |volume=21 |issue=1 |page=56 |doi=10.1186/s12916-023-02759-0 |pmid=36922820 |pmc=10018842 |issn=1741-7015}} an EEG BCI headgear (16 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Emir |first1=Can |title=Mind control: 3D-patterned sensors allow robots to be controlled by thought |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/mind-control-3d-patterned-sensors |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=4 April 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Faisal |first1=Shaikh Nayeem |last2=Do |first2=Tien-Thong Nguyen |last3=Torzo |first3=Tasauf |last4=Leong |first4=Daniel |last5=Pradeepkumar |first5=Aiswarya |last6=Lin |first6=Chin-Teng |last7=Iacopi |first7=Francesca |title=Noninvasive Sensors for Brain–Machine Interfaces Based on Micropatterned Epitaxial Graphene |journal=ACS Applied Nano Materials |date=14 April 2023 |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=5440–5447 |doi=10.1021/acsanm.2c05546 |s2cid=257594527 |language=en |issn=2574-0970|doi-access=free }} mice-tested menin target against aging (16 Mar),{{cite news |last1=Agard |first1=Sade |title=Could more of the protein Menin reverse aging? New study revives youth |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/protein-menin-aging-hypothalamus |access-date=23 April 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=16 March 2023}}{{cite journal |last1=Leng |first1=Lige |last2=Yuan |first2=Ziqi |display-authors=et al.|doi-access=free|title=Hypothalamic Menin regulates systemic aging and cognitive decline |journal=PLOS Biology |date=16 March 2023 |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=e3002033 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002033 |pmid=36928253 |pmc=10019680 |language=en |issn=1545-7885}} a mice-tested novel-type CRISPR gene editing system PE^SpRY against RP vision loss (17 Mar),{{cite journal |last1=Qin |first1=Huan |last2=Zhang |first2=Wenliang |last3=Zhang |first3=Shiyao |last4=Feng |first4=Yuan |last5=Xu |first5=Weihui |last6=Qi |first6=Jia |last7=Zhang |first7=Qian |last8=Xu |first8=Chunxiu |last9=Liu |first9=Shanshan |last10=Zhang |first10=Jia |last11=Lei |first11=Yushuang |last12=Liu |first12=Wanqin |last13=Feng |first13=Shuyu |last14=Wang |first14=Jingjing |last15=Fu |first15=Xuefei |last16=Xu |first16=Zifen |last17=Li |first17=Ping |last18=Yao |first18=Kai |title=Vision rescue via unconstrained in vivo prime editing in degenerating neural retinas |journal=Journal of Experimental Medicine |date=17 March 2023 |volume=220 |issue=5 |doi=10.1084/jem.20220776 |pmid=36930174 |pmc=10037108 |issn=0022-1007 }} a mice-tested wearable patch for accelerated cutaneous chronic wound healing (24 Mar),{{cite journal |last1=Shirzaei Sani |first1=Ehsan |last2=Xu |first2=Changhao |last3=Wang |first3=Canran |last4=Song |first4=Yu |last5=Min |first5=Jihong |last6=Tu |first6=Jiaobing |last7=Solomon |first7=Samuel A. |last8=Li |first8=Jiahong |last9=Banks |first9=Jaminelli L. |last10=Armstrong |first10=David G. |last11=Gao |first11=Wei |title=A stretchable wireless wearable bioelectronic system for multiplexed monitoring and combination treatment of infected chronic wounds |journal=Science Advances |date=24 March 2023 |volume=9 |issue=12 |pages=eadf7388 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adf7388 |pmid=36961905 |pmc=10038347 |bibcode=2023SciA....9F7388S |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}} phase 3 trialed pembrolizumab addition against recurrent endometrial cancer (27 Mar),{{cite journal |last1=Eskander |first1=Ramez N. |last2=Sill |first2=Michael W. |last3=Beffa |first3=Lindsey |last4=Moore |first4=Richard G. |last5=Hope |first5=Joanie M. |last6=Musa |first6=Fernanda B. |last7=Mannel |first7=Robert |last8=Shahin |first8=Mark S. |last9=Cantuaria |first9=Guilherme H. |last10=Girda |first10=Eugenia |last11=Mathews |first11=Cara |last12=Kavecansky |first12=Juraj |last13=Leath III |first13=Charles A. |last14=Gien |first14=Lilian T. |last15=Hinchcliff |first15=Emily M. |last16=Lele |first16=Shashikant B. |last17=Landrum |first17=Lisa M. |last18=Backes |first18=Floor |last19=O'Cearbhaill |first19=Roisin E. |last20=Al Baghdadi |first20=Tareq |last21=Hill |first21=Emily K. |last22=Thaker |first22=Premal H. |last23=John |first23=Veena S. |last24=Welch |first24=Stephen |last25=Fader |first25=Amanda N. |last26=Powell |first26=Matthew A. |last27=Aghajanian |first27=Carol |title=Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Endometrial Cancer |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=27 March 2023 |volume=388 |issue=23 |pages=2159–2170 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2302312 |pmid=36972022 |pmc=10351614 |s2cid=257765751 |language=en |issn=0028-4793 }} a phase 3 trialed percutaneous approach against chronic limb threatening ischemia without amputation (30 Mar),{{cite journal |last1=Shishehbor |first1=Mehdi H. |last2=Powell |first2=Richard J. |last3=Montero-Baker |first3=Miguel F. |last4=Dua |first4=Anahita |last5=Martínez-Trabal |first5=Jorge L. |last6=Bunte |first6=Matthew C. |last7=Lee |first7=Arthur C. |last8=Mugglin |first8=Andrew S. |last9=Mills |first9=Joseph L. |last10=Farber |first10=Alik |last11=Clair |first11=Daniel G. |title=Transcatheter Arterialization of Deep Veins in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=30 March 2023 |volume=388 |issue=13 |pages=1171–1180 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2212754 |pmid=36988592 |s2cid=257804203 |language=en |issn=0028-4793}} a mice-tested self-charging battery ROS-emitting implant against cancer (31 Mar).{{cite journal |title=A self-charging salt water battery for antitumor therapy |year=2023 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adf3992 |last1=Huang |first1=Jianhang |last2=Yu |first2=Peng |last3=Liao |first3=Mochou |last4=Dong |first4=Xiaoli |last5=Xu |first5=Jie |last6=Ming |first6=Jiang |last7=Bin |first7=Duan |last8=Wang |first8=Yonggang |last9=Zhang |first9=Fan |last10=Xia |first10=Yongyao |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=13 |pages=eadf3992 |pmid=37000876 |pmc=10065443 |bibcode=2023SciA....9F3992H }}

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References

Category:2023-related lists

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