2023 in science

The following scientific events occurred in 2023.

Events

=January=

=February=

=March=

=April=

File:An interpretation of the scientific method as implemented by the AI Descartes system.webp Researchers demonstrate an 'AI scientist' that can rediscover physical laws from axioms and data.]]

File:Juice_launch_kit_cover_close-up.png mission to Jupiter.]]

{{vanchor|3 April}}
Five employees at the National Hurricane Center publish a tropical cyclone report (TCR) on Hurricane Ian, which officially upgrades the hurricane from a Category 4 to a Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson scale. The TCR also stated that Hurricane Ian caused, with 90% confidence, $112.9 billion worth of damage to the United States, which made Ian the third-costliest United States hurricane on record as well as the costliest hurricane to strike Florida on record.{{cite report|last1=Bucci|first1=Lisa|last2=Alaka|first2=Laura|last3=Hagen|first3=Andrew|last4=Delgao|first4=Sandy|last5=Beven|first5=Jack|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ian|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092022_Ian.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=3 April 2023|date=3 April 2023|archive-date=3 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403155727/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092022_Ian.pdf|url-status=live}}
An unexplained rise of emissions of five chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), successfully banned by the Montreal Protocol of 1989, is reported. Their climate impact in 2020 is roughly equivalent to that of the CO₂e from Denmark in 2018.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Harvey |first1=Chelsea |title=A Mysterious Rise in Banned Chemicals Is Warming the Planet |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-mysterious-rise-in-banned-chemicals-is-warming-the-planet/ |access-date=27 May 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Western |first1=Luke M. |last2=Vollmer |first2=Martin K. |last3=Krummel |first3=Paul B. |last4=Adcock |first4=Karina E. |last5=Crotwell |first5=Molly |last6=Fraser |first6=Paul J. |last7=Harth |first7=Christina M. |last8=Langenfelds |first8=Ray L. |last9=Montzka |first9=Stephen A. |last10=Mühle |first10=Jens |last11=O'Doherty |first11=Simon |last12=Oram |first12=David E. |last13=Reimann |first13=Stefan |last14=Rigby |first14=Matt |last15=Vimont |first15=Isaac |last16=Weiss |first16=Ray F. |last17=Young |first17=Dickon |last18=Laube |first18=Johannes C. |title=Global increase of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons from 2010 to 2020 |journal=Nature Geoscience |date=April 2023 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=309–313 |doi=10.1038/s41561-023-01147-w |bibcode=2023NatGe..16..309W |hdl=1983/9e103fef-e61c-49c7-a1a3-902540ec1d7c |s2cid=257941769 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-023-01147-w |language=en |issn=1752-0908|url-access=subscription|hdl-access=free }}
A study affirms and explains why a moderate decrease in body temperature extends lifespan.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lee |first1=Hyun Ju |last2=Alirzayeva |first2=Hafiza |last3=Koyuncu |first3=Seda |last4=Rueber |first4=Amirabbas |last5=Noormohammadi |first5=Alireza |last6=Vilchez |first6=David |title=Cold temperature extends longevity and prevents disease-related protein aggregation through PA28γ-induced proteasomes |journal=Nature Aging |date=May 2023 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=546–566 |doi=10.1038/s43587-023-00383-4 |pmid=37118550 |pmc=10191861 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|5 April}}
The NOAA reports that greenhouse gases continued to increase rapidly in 2022 and that CO₂ levels in the atmosphere are now the highest in 4.3 million years.{{#invoke:Cite |news |url=https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/greenhouse-gases-continued-to-increase-rapidly-in-2022|title=Greenhouse gases continued to increase rapidly in 2022 |date=5 April 2023|work=NOAA|access-date=12 April 2023}}
An umbrella review summarizes scientific results on the {{tooltip|extensive|associations with "18 endocrine/metabolic outcomes, 10 cardiovascular outcomes, seven cancer outcomes, and 10 other outcomes (neuropsychiatric, dental, hepatic, osteal, and allergic) were detected"}} health effects of added-sugar foods and makes recommendations such as limiting sugar-sweetened beverages which are "the largest source of added sugars" and developing of policy such as advertising restrictions.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yin |last2=Chen |first2=Zeyu |last3=Chen |first3=Bo |last4=Li |first4=Jinze |last5=Yuan |first5=Xiang |last6=Li |first6=Jin |last7=Wang |first7=Wen |last8=Dai |first8=Tingting |last9=Chen |first9=Hongying |last10=Wang |first10=Yan |last11=Wang |first11=Ruyi |last12=Wang |first12=Puze |last13=Guo |first13=Jianbing |last14=Dong |first14=Qiang |last15=Liu |first15=Chengfei |last16=Wei |first16=Qiang |last17=Cao |first17=Dehong |last18=Liu |first18=Liangren |title=Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review |journal=The BMJ |date=5 April 2023 |volume=381 |pages=e071609 |doi=10.1136/bmj-2022-071609 |pmid=37019448 |pmc=10074550 |language=en |issn=1756-1833|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|6 April}} – A study shows neurons take up glucose (from food) and metabolize it by glycolysis. There was only limited research on how neurons get their energy in the context of links between glucose metabolism and cognition (brain health and performance).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Li |first1=Huihui |last2=Guglielmetti |first2=Caroline |last3=Sei |first3=Yoshitaka J. |last4=Zilberter |first4=Misha |last5=Le Page |first5=Lydia M. |last6=Shields |first6=Lauren |last7=Yang |first7=Joyce |last8=Nguyen |first8=Kevin |last9=Tiret |first9=Brice |last10=Gao |first10=Xiao |last11=Bennett |first11=Neal |last12=Lo |first12=Iris |last13=Dayton |first13=Talya L. |last14=Kampmann |first14=Martin |last15=Huang |first15=Yadong |last16=Rathmell |first16=Jeffrey C. |last17=Heiden |first17=Matthew Vander |last18=Chaumeil |first18=Myriam M. |last19=Nakamura |first19=Ken |title=Neurons require glucose uptake and glycolysis in vivo |journal=Cell Reports |date=April 2023 |volume=42 |issue=4 |page=112335 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112335|pmid=37027294 |pmc=10556202 |s2cid=258007887 |doi-access=free }}
Press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title="Sweet" Research Sheds Light on Glucose Metabolism in Neurons |url=https://neurosciencenews.com/glucose-neuron-metabolism-23064/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=Gladstone Institutes via Neuroscience News |date=20 April 2023}}
{{vanchor|10 April}} – A study expands upon the role of elites' unsustainable consumption in urban water crises. In Cape Town, for example, the wealthiest 14% of the population use half of the city's water, while the poorest 62% use just a quarter.{{#invoke:Cite |news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/apr/10/swimming-pools-rich-driving-city-water-crises|title=Swimming pools of the rich driving city water crises, study says |date=10 April 2023|work=The Guardian|access-date=10 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Savelli |first1=Elisa |last2=Mazzoleni |first2=Maurizio |last3=Di Baldassarre |first3=Giuliano |last4=Cloke |first4=Hannah |last5=Rusca |first5=Maria |title=Urban water crises driven by elites' unsustainable consumption |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=10 April 2023 |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=929–940 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01100-0 |bibcode=2023NatSu...6..929S |s2cid=258072911 |language=en |issn=2398-9629|doi-access=free }}
{{vanchor|11 April}} – A study reports that genomic surveillance (GS) shows that a clonal lineage of the wheat blast fungus has spread worldwide and that there is a need for GS to track {{tooltip|and mitigate|e.g. using GS results for "preemptive wheat breeding"}} the potential pandemic threat to the global food supply as it may become fungicide-insensitive.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Latorre |first1=Sergio M. |last2=Were |first2=Vincent M. |last3=Foster |first3=Andrew J. |display-authors=et al.|title=Genomic surveillance uncovers a pandemic clonal lineage of the wheat blast fungus |journal=PLOS Biology |date=11 April 2023 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=e3002052 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002052 |pmid=37040332 |pmc=10089362 |language=en |issn=1545-7885|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|13 April}}
The direct imaging of HIP 99770 b, a new exoplanet found 133 light years away, is reported by astronomers.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Currie |first1=Thayne |last2=Brandt |display-authors=et al. |title=Direct imaging and astrometric detection of a gas giant planet orbiting an accelerating star |journal=Science |date=14 April 2023 |volume=380 |issue=6641 |pages=198–203 |doi=10.1126/science.abo6192 |pmid=37053312 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|arxiv=2212.00034|bibcode=2023Sci...380..198C |s2cid=258108042 }}
Lay summary: {{#invoke:Cite |news |date=13 April 2023 |title=Astronomers have directly detected a massive exoplanet. The method could transform the search for life beyond Earth |work=The Conversation |url=https://theconversation.com/astronomers-have-directly-detected-a-massive-exoplanet-the-method-could-transform-the-search-for-life-beyond-earth-203752 |access-date=18 April 2023}}
A global trend towards more rapid-onset "flash droughts" hindering forecasting is reported.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Yuan |first1=Xing |last2=Wang |first2=Yumiao |last3=Ji |first3=Peng |last4=Wu |first4=Peili |last5=Sheffield |first5=Justin |last6=Otkin |first6=Jason A. |title=A global transition to flash droughts under climate change |journal=Science |date=14 April 2023 |volume=380 |issue=6641 |pages=187–191 |doi=10.1126/science.abn6301 |pmid=37053316 |bibcode=2023Sci...380..187Y |s2cid=258112284 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn6301 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}
{{vanchor|14 April}}
Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) to search for life in the Jovian system, with an expected arrival date of 2031.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=14 April 2023 |title=Space mission to Jupiter's moons blasts off |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/science-environment-65258309 |access-date=14 April 2023}}
{{vanchor|17 April}}
A new technique for improving the resolution of post-mortem MRI brain scans "by 64 million times" is reported by researchers, who capture the sharpest ever images of an entire mouse brain.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Johnson |first1=G. Allan |last2=Tian |first2=Yuqi |last3=Ashbrook |first3=David G. |last4=Cofer |first4=Gary P. |last5=Cook |first5=James J. |last6=Gee |first6=James C. |last7=Hall |first7=Adam |last8=Hornburg |first8=Kathryn |last9=Qi |first9=Yi |last10=Yeh |first10=Fang-Cheng |last11=Wang |first11=Nian |last12=White |first12=Leonard E. |last13=Williams |first13=Robert W. |title=Merged magnetic resonance and light sheet microscopy of the whole mouse brain |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=25 April 2023 |volume=120 |issue=17 |pages=e2218617120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2218617120 |doi-access=free |pmid=37068254 |pmc=10151475 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12018617J |language=en |issn=0027-8424 }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |date=17 April 2023 |title=Brain Images Just Got 64 Million Times Sharper |work=Duke University |url=https://today.duke.edu/2023/04/brain-images-just-got-64-million-times-sharper |access-date=24 April 2023}}
A study expands upon the international Earth heat inventory from 2020, which provides a measure of the Earth energy imbalance (EEI) and allows for quantifying how much and where heat has accumulated in the Earth system with comprehensive data. It suggests that the EEI is the "most fundamental global climate indicator" to gauge climate change mitigation efforts.{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=New study shows Earth energy imbalance |url=https://wmo.int/media/news/new-study-shows-earth-energy-imbalance |website=public.wmo.int |access-date=28 May 2023 |language=en |date=19 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=von Schuckmann |first1=Karina |last2=Minière |first2=Audrey |last3=Gues |first3=Flora |display-authors=et al. |doi-access=free |title=Heat stored in the Earth system 1960–2020: where does the energy go? |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=17 April 2023 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=1675–1709 |doi=10.5194/essd-15-1675-2023 |bibcode=2023ESSD...15.1675V |language=English |issn=1866-3508|hdl=20.500.11820/98e23f3b-42e2-424b-9e49-926410fa115a |hdl-access=free }}
{{vanchor|18 April}}
Astronomers conclude that "... planets in the habitable zones of stars with low metallicity are the best targets to search for complex life on land."{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Shapiro, Anna V. |display-authors=et al. |title=Metal-rich stars are less suitable for the evolution of life on their planets |date=18 April 2023 |journal=Nature Communications |volume=14 |issue=1893 |page=1893 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-37195-4 |pmid=37072387 |pmc=10113254 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.1893S }}
A university reports a study (29 Mar) affirming{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Diagne |first1=Christophe |last2=Leroy |first2=Boris |last3=Vaissière |first3=Anne-Charlotte |last4=Gozlan |first4=Rodolphe E. |last5=Roiz |first5=David |last6=Jarić |first6=Ivan |last7=Salles |first7=Jean-Michel |last8=Bradshaw |first8=Corey J. A. |last9=Courchamp |first9=Franck |title=High and rising economic costs of biological invasions worldwide |journal=Nature |date=April 2021 |volume=592 |issue=7855 |pages=571–576 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03405-6 |pmid=33790468 |bibcode=2021Natur.592..571D |s2cid=256822524 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03405-6 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}} the high level of economic losses from biological invasions, showing they have risen to the level of economic damage costs from floods or earthquakes, which are also rising.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Turbelin |first1=Anna J. |last2=Cuthbert |first2=Ross N. |last3=Essl |first3=Franz |last4=Haubrock |first4=Phillip J. |last5=Ricciardi |first5=Anthony |last6=Courchamp |first6=Franck |title=Biological invasions are as costly as natural hazards |journal=Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation |date=1 April 2023 |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=143–150 |doi=10.1016/j.pecon.2023.03.002 |s2cid=257853902 |language=en |issn=2530-0644|doi-access=free |bibcode=2023PEcoC..21..143T }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Biological invasions as costly as natural disasters, study finds |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-04-biological-invasions-natural-disasters.html |access-date=27 May 2023 |work=phys.org |language=en}}
{{vanchor|19 April}}
A bolide is observed over Ukraine and Belarus for about five seconds. It is first observed at an altitude of 98 km above Velyka Dymerka, then passes directly above Kyiv at an altitude of 80 km and continues to the southwest with a speed of 29 km/s.{{#invoke:Cite |web | url =https://www.imo.net/april-19-superbolide-over-ukraine/ |title=April 19 superbolide over Ukraine|publisher=International Meteor Organization| date=24 April 2023| access-date =26 April 2023}} A bright flare occurs at an altitude of 38 km, when the bolide's absolute magnitude reaches approximately −18.
The likely cause of grey hair is shown to be pigment-making cells losing their ability to mature into melanocytes.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=19 April 2023 |title=Cause of grey hair may be 'stuck' cells, say scientists |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-65309374 |access-date=19 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sun |first1=Qi |last2=Lee |first2=Wendy |last3=Hu |first3=Hai |last4=Ogawa |first4=Tatsuya |last5=De Leon |first5=Sophie |last6=Katehis |first6=Ioanna |last7=Lim |first7=Chae Ho |last8=Takeo |first8=Makoto |last9=Cammer |first9=Michael |last10=Taketo |first10=M. Mark |last11=Gay |first11=Denise L. |last12=Millar |first12=Sarah E. |last13=Ito |first13=Mayumi |title=Dedifferentiation maintains melanocyte stem cells in a dynamic niche |journal=Nature |date=April 2023 |volume=616 |issue=7958 |pages=774–782 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05960-6 |pmid=37076619 |pmc=10132989 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..774S |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
Researchers show parrots can and enjoy to use a videocalling system.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Anthes |first1=Emily |title=Polly Wants a Video Chat |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/04/21/science/parrots-video-chat-facetime.html |access-date=27 May 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=21 April 2023}}{{cite book|last1=Kleinberger |first1=Rebecca |last2=Cunha |first2=Jennifer |last3=Vemuri |first3=Megha M |last4=Hirskyj-Douglas |first4=Ilyena |title=Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |chapter=Birds of a Feather Video-Flock Together: Design and Evaluation of an Agency-Based Parrot-to-Parrot Video-Calling System for Interspecies Ethical Enrichment |date=19 April 2023 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.1145/3544548.3581166 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|isbn=978-1-4503-9421-5 |s2cid=258216835 }}
A study with mice shows that microplastics pass the blood–brain barrier (BBB), entering and accumulating in the brain, and identifies a key determinant for whether or not they pass the BBB.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Matei |first1=Adrienne |title=Plastic is already in blood, breast milk, and placentas. Now it may be in our brains |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/may/01/plastic-is-already-in-blood-breast-milk-and-placentas-now-it-may-be-in-our-brains |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=1 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kopatz |first1=Verena |last2=Wen |first2=Kevin |last3=Kovács |first3=Tibor |last4=Keimowitz |first4=Alison S. |last5=Pichler |first5=Verena |last6=Widder |first6=Joachim |last7=Vethaak |first7=A. Dick |last8=Hollóczki |first8=Oldamur |last9=Kenner |first9=Lukas |title=Micro- and Nanoplastics Breach the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB): Biomolecular Corona's Role Revealed |journal=Nanomaterials |date=January 2023 |volume=13 |issue=8 |page=1404 |doi=10.3390/nano13081404 |pmid=37110989 |pmc=10141840 |language=en |issn=2079-4991|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|20 April}}
A new 29-year record of ice sheet mass in Greenland and Antarctica is published as part of the IMBIE collaboration. It finds that the combined ice loss in these regions has more than tripled since the early 1990s, with 2019 seeing the greatest losses of any year on record. These findings have implications for future sea level rise.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=21 April 2023 |title=Greenland's melt goes into hyper-drive with unprecedented ice loss in modern times |publisher=ABC News|location=United States |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-21/antarctic-ice-sheets-found-in-greenland/102253878 |access-date=23 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=21 April 2023 |title=New Climate Study Shows Accelerated Glacier Melting |work=Extreme Tech |url=https://www.extremetech.com/science/new-climate-study-shows-accelerated-glacier-melting |access-date=23 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=21 April 2023 |title=Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020 |work=Earth System Science Data |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/1597/2023/essd-15-1597-2023.html |access-date=23 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=21 April 2023 |title=Polar ice sheet melting records have toppled during the past decade |publisher=Northumbria University |url=https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/about-us/news-events/news/polar-ice-sheet-melting-records-have-toppled-during-the-past-decade/ |access-date=23 April 2023}}
Paleoneurologists publish the first neuroevolutionary timeline about correlations of {{tooltip|changes|e.g. localised cortical expansions}} in the shape of the cerebral cortex and functions, showing "variability in surface geometry relates to species' ecology and behaviour" and cognition. It characterizes many of the neuromorphological events in the origin of {{tooltip|distinct|the evolution of the brain characteristic to modern humans distinct from other animals with differences between these being a subject of paleoneurology}} human intelligence over the past 77 million years.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Schwartz |first1=Ernst |last2=Nenning |first2=Karl-Heinz |last3=Heuer |first3=Katja |last4=Jeffery |first4=Nathan |last5=Bertrand |first5=Ornella C. |last6=Toro |first6=Roberto |last7=Kasprian |first7=Gregor |last8=Prayer |first8=Daniela |last9=Langs |first9=Georg |title=Evolution of cortical geometry and its link to function, behaviour and ecology |journal=Nature Communications |date=20 April 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=2252 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-37574-x |pmid=37080952 |pmc=10119184 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.2252S |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
A UNICEF report indicates "public perception of the importance of vaccines for children declined during the COVID-19 pandemic in 52 out of 55 countries studied" with causal factors including "growing access to misleading information".{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=New data indicates declining confidence in childhood vaccines of up to 44 percentage points in some countries during the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/sowc_2023_immunization |website=unicef.org |access-date=28 May 2023 |language=en}} On 26 April, news outlets report that Twitter is warned by EU digital policy-makers after a report indicated its recent policies "boost" Russian disinformation-based propaganda.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Lomas |first1=Natasha |title=EU warns Twitter over disinformation after Musk policy shifts found to boost Kremlin propaganda |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/04/26/twitter-disinformation-dsa-risk/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=TechCrunch |date=26 April 2023}} On 17 April, Twitter introduces labels for rationales when tweets are made less visible which previously were semi-censored without any explanation.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Peters |first1=Jay |title=Twitter will label "hateful" tweets when it restricts them |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/17/23686661/twitter-label-hateful-tweets-restricts-shadowban |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=The Verge |date=17 April 2023}} On 5 April, the first review of interventions against false conspiracy beliefs, with interventions "that fostered an analytical mindset or taught critical thinking skills" being most effective and preventive action being important.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=O'Mahony |first1=Cian |last2=Brassil |first2=Maryanne |last3=Murphy |first3=Gillian |last4=Linehan |first4=Conor |title=The efficacy of interventions in reducing belief in conspiracy theories: A systematic review |journal=PLOS ONE |date=5 April 2023 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=e0280902 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0280902 |pmid=37018172 |pmc=10075392 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1880902O |language=en |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|21 April}} – Researchers report the development of neuromorphic AI hardware using nanowires {{Crossreference|(see also 2020-04-20)}} physically mimicking the brain's activity in identifying and remembering an image from memory.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sejal |title=Nanowire networks can learn and memorize like the human brain, study says |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/nanowire-networks-learn-memorize-human-brain |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=24 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Loeffler |first1=Alon |last2=Diaz-Alvarez |first2=Adrian |last3=Zhu |first3=Ruomin |last4=Ganesh |first4=Natesh |last5=Shine |first5=James M. |last6=Nakayama |first6=Tomonobu |last7=Kuncic |first7=Zdenka |title=Neuromorphic learning, working memory, and metaplasticity in nanowire networks |journal=Science Advances |date=21 April 2023 |volume=9 |issue=16 |pages=eadg3289 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adg3289 |pmid=37083527 |pmc=10121165 |bibcode=2023SciA....9G3289L |language=en |issn=2375-2548}} On 26 April, a university reports on a demonstration (11 Mar) of multisensory motion cue integration by a {{tooltip|neuromorphic nerve|(hardware-level)}} for robots.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Chengpeng |last2=Liu |first2=Jiaqi |last3=Ni |first3=Yao |last4=Qu |first4=Shangda |last5=Liu |first5=Lu |last6=Li |first6=Yue |last7=Yang |first7=Lu |last8=Xu |first8=Wentao |title=Mammalian-brain-inspired neuromorphic motion-cognition nerve achieves cross-modal perceptual enhancement |journal=Nature Communications |date=11 March 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=1344 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-36935-w |pmid=36906637 |pmc=10008641 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.1344J |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Team realizes brain's sensory functions using artificial synapse devices |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-04-team-brain-sensory-functions-artificial.html |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=Nankai University via techxplore.com |language=en}}

File:Science Summary for April 2023.png

{{vanchor|24 April}}
Astronomers release close-up global images, for the first time, of the Martian moon Deimos that were taken by the Mars Hope orbiter.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |title=This is our 1st detailed look at Mars' most mysterious moon Deimos (photos) – The debate over the moon's origin story is not over yet. |url=https://www.space.com/mars-moon-deimos-image-origin-story |date=24 April 2023 |work=Space.com |access-date=25 April 2023 }}
The first review of issues identified in meta-science of metascience is published, providing an overview of ten "questionable" practices (QMPs) in the field such as "overplaying the role of replication in science" and preregistration potential.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Rubin |first1=Mark |title=Questionable Metascience Practices |journal=Journal of Trial & Error |date=24 April 2023 |volume=4 |pages=5–20 |doi=10.36850/mr4 |doi-access=free |language=en}}
A policy study identifies reduction of car travel activity as the most important transportation policy option in reducing GHG emissions to levels comparable to carbon budget levels, with a "decrease car distance driven and car ownership by over 80% as compared to current levels" by 2027 being effective in "edging close to the designated carbon budget" in their case-study of London and electrification being highly insufficient.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Winkler |first1=Lisa |last2=Pearce |first2=Drew |last3=Nelson |first3=Jenny |last4=Babacan |first4=Oytun |title=The effect of sustainable mobility transition policies on cumulative urban transport emissions and energy demand |journal=Nature Communications |date=24 April 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=2357 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-37728-x |pmid=37095105 |pmc=10125996 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.2357W |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}} On 20 April, an international study indicates that the contemporary domestic policy-proposal of a general speed limit on highways in Germany, the only large country in the world without such, for a quick GHG emissions reduction would also be economically beneficial. It points to a climate change mitigation law (KSG) that mandated emission reductions in this sector{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Gössling |first1=Stefan |last2=Kees |first2=Jessica |last3=Litman |first3=Todd |last4=Humpe |first4=Andreas |title=The economic cost of a 130 km/h speed limit in Germany |journal=Ecological Economics |date=1 July 2023 |volume=209 |page=107850 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107850 |language=en |issn=0921-8009|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023EcoEc.20907850G }} that was changed in 2023 so as to remove these obligations.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Volker Wissing muss kein Klimasofortprogramm vorlegen |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2023-04/bundesverkehrsminister-volker-wissing-kein-klima-sofortprogramm |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=Zeit}}
{{vanchor|25 April}}
Scientists, based on new evidence, conclude that Rosalind Franklin was a contributor and "equal player" in the discovery process of DNA, rather than otherwise, as may have been presented subsequently after the time of the discovery.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Burakoff |first=Maddie |title=Rosalind Franklin's role in DNA discovery gets a new twist |url=https://apnews.com/article/dna-double-helix-rosalind-franklin-watson-crick-69ec8164c720e0b23374da69a1d3708d |date=25 April 2023 |work=Associated Press News |access-date=25 April 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Anthes |first=Emily |title=Untangling Rosalind Franklin's Role in DNA Discovery, 70 Years On – Historians have long debated the role that Dr. Franklin played in identifying the double helix. A new opinion essay argues that she was an "equal contributor". |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/25/science/rosalind-franklin-dna.html |date=25 April 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230425182515/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/25/science/rosalind-franklin-dna.html |archive-date=25 April 2023 |access-date=26 April 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Cobb |first1=Mathew |last2=Comfort |first2=Nathaniel |title=What Rosalind Franklin truly contributed to the discovery of DNA's structure – Franklin was no victim in how the DNA double helix was solved. An overlooked letter and an unpublished news article, both written in 1953, reveal that she was an equal player. |date=25 April 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=616 |issue=7958 |pages=657–660 |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-01313-5 |pmid=37100935 |s2cid=258314143 |doi-access=free }}
The first gene silencing approach to Alzheimer's disease is reported, with a drug called BIIB080 used on the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene. Patients in a Phase 1 trial were found to have a greater than 50% reduction in levels of harmful tau protein after taking the drug.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Mummery |first1=Catherine J. |last2=Börjesson-Hanson |first2=Anne |last3=Blackburn |first3=Daniel J. |display-authors=et al. |title=Tau-targeting antisense oligonucleotide MAPTRx in mild Alzheimer's disease: a phase 1b, randomized, placebo-controlled trial |journal=Nature Medicine |date=24 April 2023 |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=1437–1447 |doi=10.1038/s41591-023-02326-3 |pmid=37095250 |pmc=10287562 |language=en |issn=1546-170X|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |date=25 April 2023 |title=First 'gene silencing' drug for Alzheimer's disease shows promise |work=University College London |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2023/apr/first-gene-silencing-drug-alzheimers-disease-shows-promise |access-date=27 April 2023}}
{{vanchor|26 April}}
Astronomers present an image, for the first time viewed together, of the shadow of the black hole in the center of the Messier 87 galaxy, and its related high-energy jet.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=A Fresh View of an Increasingly Familiar Black Hole – Radio astronomers have captured a wide-angle image of one of the most violent locales in the cosmos. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/26/science/astronomy-black-hole-m87.html |date=26 April 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230426212932/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/26/science/astronomy-black-hole-m87.html |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=26 April 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Lu, Ru-Sen |display-authors=et al |title=A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet |date=26 April 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=616 |issue=7958 |pages=686–690 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05843-w |pmid=37100940 |pmc=10132962 |arxiv=2304.13252 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..686L |s2cid=258331970 |doi-access=free}}
The first global assessment of glacier mass loss from satellite radar altimetry is published. It shows that glaciers lost 2,720 gigatonnes of ice, about 2% of their volume, between 2010 and 2020.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=26 April 2023 |title=Glacier Mass Loss Between 2010 and 2020 Dominated by Atmospheric Forcing |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |doi=10.1029/2023GL102954 |last1=Jakob |first1=Livia |last2=Gourmelen |first2=Noel |volume=50 |issue=8 |doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|28 April}} – Progress in AI software:
ChatGPT is shown to outperform human doctors in responding to online medical questions when measured on quality and empathy by "a team of licensed health care professionals",{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Ayers |first1=John W. |last2=Poliak |first2=Adam |last3=Dredze |first3=Mark |last4=Leas |first4=Eric C. |last5=Zhu |first5=Zechariah |last6=Kelley |first6=Jessica B. |last7=Faix |first7=Dennis J. |last8=Goodman |first8=Aaron M. |last9=Longhurst |first9=Christopher A. |last10=Hogarth |first10=Michael |last11=Smith |first11=Davey M. |title=Comparing Physician and Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions Posted to a Public Social Media Forum |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=28 April 2023 |volume=183 |issue=6 |pages=589–596 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1838 |pmid=37115527 |pmc=10148230 |issn=2168-6106|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370374478 }} albeit the chatbot may have previously been trained with these reddit question and answers threads.
Further LLM developments during what has been called an "AI boom" include: local or open source versions of LLaMA which was leaked in March,{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Edwards |first1=Benj |title=You can now run a GPT-3-level AI model on your laptop, phone, and Raspberry Pi |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/03/you-can-now-run-a-gpt-3-level-ai-model-on-your-laptop-phone-and-raspberry-pi/ |work=Ars Technica |date=13 March 2023 |language=en-us}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=RedPajama replicates LLaMA dataset to build open source, state-of-the-art LLMs |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/redpajama-replicates-llama-to-build-open-source-state-of-the-art-llms/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=VentureBeat |date=18 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Metz |first1=Cade |last2=Isaac |first2=Mike |title=In Battle Over A.I., Meta Decides to Give Away Its Crown Jewels |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/18/technology/ai-meta-open-source.html |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=18 May 2023}} news outlets report on GPT4-based Auto-GPT that given natural language commands uses the Internet and other tools in attempts to understand and achieve its tasks with unclear or so-far little practicality,{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=What is Auto-GPT? Everything to know about the next powerful AI tool |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-auto-gpt-everything-to-know-about-the-next-powerful-ai-tool/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=ZDNET |language=en}} a systematic evaluation of answers from four "generative search engines" suggests their outputs "appear informative, but frequently contain unsupported statements and inaccurate citations",{{cite arXiv|title=Evaluating Verifiability in Generative Search Engines|eprint=2304.09848|last1=Liu|first1=Nelson F.|last2=Zhang|first2=Tianyi|last3=Liang|first3=Percy|year=2023|class=cs.CL}} a multi-modal open source tool for understanding and generating speech,{{cite arXiv|title=AudioGPT: Understanding and Generating Speech, Music, Sound, and Talking Head|eprint=2304.12995|last1=Huang|first1=Rongjie|last2=Li|first2=Mingze|last3=Yang|first3=Dongchao|last4=Shi|first4=Jiatong|last5=Chang|first5=Xuankai|last6=Ye|first6=Zhenhui|last7=Wu|first7=Yuning|last8=Hong|first8=Zhiqing|last9=Huang|first9=Jiawei |last10=Liu |first10=Jinglin|last11=Ren|first11=Yi|last12=Zhao|first12=Zhou|last13=Watanabe|first13=Shinji|year=2023|class=cs.CL}} a data scientist argues that "researchers need to collaborate to develop open-source LLMs that are transparent" and independent,{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Spirling |first1=Arthur |title=Why open-source generative AI models are an ethical way forward for science |journal=Nature |page=413 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-01295-4 |date=18 April 2023|volume=616 |issue=7957 |pmid=37072520 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..413S |s2cid=258183146 |doi-access=free }} Stability AI launches an open source LLM.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Roth |first1=Emma |title=Stability AI announces new open-source large language model |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/19/23689883/stability-ai-open-source-large-language-model-stablelm |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=The Verge |date=19 April 2023}}
On 12 April, researchers demonstrate an '{{vanchor|AI scientist}}' that can create of models of natural phenomena from knowledge axioms and experimental data, showing the software can rediscover {{tooltip|physical laws|e.g. "Kepler's third law of planetary motion, Einstein's relativistic time-dilation law, and Langmuir's theory of adsorption"}} using logical reasoning and few data points.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Sorokina |first1=Olsy |title='AI scientist' brings us a step closer to the age of machine-generated scientific discovery |url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/artificial-intelligence-ai-scientist-1.6811085 |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=CBC}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Cornelio |first1=Cristina |last2=Dash |first2=Sanjeeb |last3=Austel |first3=Vernon |last4=Josephson |first4=Tyler R. |last5=Goncalves |first5=Joao |last6=Clarkson |first6=Kenneth L. |last7=Megiddo |first7=Nimrod |last8=El Khadir |first8=Bachir |last9=Horesh |first9=Lior |title=Combining data and theory for derivable scientific discovery with AI-Descartes |journal=Nature Communications |date=12 April 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=1777 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-37236-y |pmid=37045814 |pmc=10097814 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.1777C |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|Therapeutics_April|text=Promising results of therapeutic candidates are reported}}: a review suggests {{tooltip|daily|(not bulk or burst)}} vitamin D₃ may reduce cancer mortality by around 12% (31 Mar),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kuznia |first1=Sabine |last2=Zhu |display-authors=et al. |title=Efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation on cancer mortality: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials |journal=Ageing Research Reviews |date=1 June 2023 |volume=87 |page=101923 |doi=10.1016/j.arr.2023.101923 |pmid=37004841 |pmc=10214278 |language=en |issn=1568-1637}} review of experimental phototherapies against dementia cognitive decline (5 Apr),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lu |first1=Xinlian |last2=Liu |first2=Chengyu |last3=Shao |first3=Feng |title=Phototherapy improves cognitive function in dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Brain and Behavior |date=May 2023 |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=e2952 |doi=10.1002/brb3.2952 |pmid=37017012 |pmc=10176000 |s2cid=257953666 |language=en |issn=2162-3279}} mice-tested L. reuteri-and-tryptophan-diet for checkpoint inhibitor potentiation (6 Apr),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Bender |first1=Mackenzie J. |last2=McPherson |first2=Alex C. |display-authors=et al. |title=Dietary tryptophan metabolite released by intratumoral Lactobacillus reuteri facilitates immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment |journal=Cell |date=April 2023 |volume=186 |issue=9 |pages=1846–1862.e26 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.011|pmid=37028428 |pmc=10148916 }} doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis against STIs (6 Apr), an engineered probiotic against alcohol-induced damage (11 Apr),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Xiaoxiao |last2=Yan |first2=Chunlong |last3=Zhang |first3=Hanlin |last4=Chen |first4=Li |last5=Jiang |first5=Rui |last6=Zheng |first6=Kexin |last7=Jin |first7=Wanzhu |last8=Ma |first8=Huijuan |last9=Liu |first9=Xiaomeng |last10=Dong |first10=Meng |title=Oral Probiotic Expressing Human Ethanol Dehydrogenase Attenuates Damage Caused by Acute Alcohol Consumption in Mice |journal=Microbiology Spectrum |date=11 April 2023 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=e0429422 |doi=10.1128/spectrum.04294-22 |pmid=37039510 |pmc=10269551 |language=en |issn=2165-0497}} phase 2 trialed AXA1125 against long COVID fatigue (14 Apr),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Finnigan |first1=Lucy E.M. |last2=Cassar |first2=Mark Philip |display-authors=et al. |title=Efficacy and tolerability of an endogenous metabolic modulator (AXA1125) in fatigue-predominant long COVID: a single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 2a pilot study |journal=eClinicalMedicine |date=May 2023 |volume=59 |page=101946 |doi=10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101946|pmid=37223439 |pmc=10102537 }} review finds cranberry products useful against UTIs in women (17 Apr) (but is not suggested for older people, those have trouble emptying their bladder, or people who are pregnant{{Cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=Gabrielle|last2=Stothart|first2=Christopher I.|last3=Hahn|first3=Deirdre|last4=Stephens|first4=Jacqueline H.|last5=Craig|first5=Jonathan C.|last6=Hodson|first6=Elisabeth M.|date=10 November 2023|title=Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2023|issue=11|pages=CD001321|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub7|issn=1469-493X|pmc=10636779|pmid=37947276}}),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Williams |first1=Gabrielle |last2=Stothart |first2=Christopher I |last3=Hahn |first3=Deirdre |last4=Stephens |first4=Jacqueline H |last5=Craig |first5=Jonathan C |last6=Hodson |first6=Elisabeth M |title=Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |date=10 November 2023 |volume=2023 |issue=11 |pages=CD001321 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub7 |pmid=37947276 |pmc=10636779 |s2cid=265102780 |language=en}} and macaques-tested low-intensity focus ultrasound delivery of AAV into brain regions against brain diseases (19 Apr).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Blesa |first1=Javier |last2=Pineda-Pardo |first2=José A. |display-authors=et al. |title=BBB opening with focused ultrasound in nonhuman primates and Parkinson's disease patients: Targeted AAV vector delivery and PET imaging |journal=Science Advances |date=21 April 2023 |volume=9 |issue=16 |pages=eadf4888 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adf4888 |pmid=37075119 |pmc=10115413 |bibcode=2023SciA....9F4888B |s2cid=258238740 |language=en |issn=2375-2548}} Progress in screening: an α-synuclein SAA (assay) against Parkinson's disease (12 Apr),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Siderowf |first1=Andrew |last2=Concha-Marambio |first2=Luis |display-authors=et al. |title=Assessment of heterogeneity among participants in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort using α-synuclein seed amplification: a cross-sectional study |journal=The Lancet Neurology |date=May 2023 |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=407–417 |doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00109-6|pmid=37059509 |pmc=10627170 |s2cid=258083747 }} and exogenously administered bioengineered sensors that amplify urinary cancer biomarkers for detection (24 Apr).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Hao |first1=Liangliang |last2=Zhao |first2=Renee T. |last3=Welch |first3=Nicole L. |last4=Tan |first4=Edward Kah Wei |last5=Zhong |first5=Qian |last6=Harzallah |first6=Nour Saida |last7=Ngambenjawong |first7=Chayanon |last8=Ko |first8=Henry |last9=Fleming |first9=Heather E. |last10=Sabeti |first10=Pardis C. |last11=Bhatia |first11=Sangeeta N. |title=CRISPR-Cas-amplified urinary biomarkers for multiplexed and portable cancer diagnostics |journal=Nature Nanotechnology |date=24 April 2023 |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=798–807 |doi=10.1038/s41565-023-01372-9 |pmid=37095220 |pmc=10359190 |bibcode=2023NatNa..18..798H |language=en |issn=1748-3395|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|Innovations_April|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are reported}}: a laser-using drone-based methane plume localization method,{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Drohnen: Lasergestütztes System spürt Methangas-Lecks auf |url=https://www.heise.de/news/Drohnen-spueren-lasergestuetzt-umweltschaedliche-Gaslecks-auf-8965737.html |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=heise online |date=17 April 2023 |language=de}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Soskind |first1=Michael G. |last2=Li |first2=Nathan P. |last3=Moore |first3=Daniel P. |last4=Chen |first4=Yifeng |last5=Wendt |first5=Lars P. |last6=McSpiritt |first6=James |last7=Zondlo |first7=Mark A. |last8=Wysocki |first8=Gerard |title=Stationary and drone-assisted methane plume localization with dispersion spectroscopy |journal=Remote Sensing of Environment |date=1 May 2023 |volume=289 |page=113513 |doi=10.1016/j.rse.2023.113513 |bibcode=2023RSEnv.28913513S |s2cid=257320852 |language=en |issn=0034-4257|doi-access=free }} approval of the first yeast-based cow-free dairy (Remilk),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Singer |first1=Peter |title=The Meat Paradox |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/05/vegetarian-vegan-eating-meat-consumption-animal-welfare/674150/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=The Atlantic |date=24 May 2023 |language=en}} a Tor browser-equivalent Web browser for privacy-protected browsing when using a VPN (Mullvad browser),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Clark |first1=Mitchell |title=The Tor Project's new privacy-focused browser doesn't use the Tor network |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/3/23665477/mullvad-browser-tor-vpn-privacy-browser |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=The Verge |date=3 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=New Privacy-Focused Browser Aims to Protect Your Data Online |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/new-privacy-focused-browser-aims-to-protect-your-data-online/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=CNET |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Want a more secure browser that's not Tor? Check out Mullvad |url=https://www.zdnet.com/home-and-office/work-life/want-a-more-secure-browser-thats-not-tor-check-out-mullvad/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=ZDNET |language=en}} a concentrated solar-to-hydrogen device approaching viability,{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Concentrated solar reactor generates unprecedented amounts of hydrogen |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/concentrated-solar-reactor-generates-unprecedented-amounts-of-hydrogen/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=Physics World |date=18 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Holmes-Gentle |first1=Isaac |last2=Tembhurne |first2=Saurabh |last3=Suter |first3=Clemens |last4=Haussener |first4=Sophia |title=Kilowatt-scale solar hydrogen production system using a concentrated integrated photoelectrochemical device |journal=Nature Energy |date=10 April 2023 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=586–596 |doi=10.1038/s41560-023-01247-2 |bibcode=2023NatEn...8..586H |language=en |issn=2058-7546|doi-access=free}} a method for fat tissue cultured meat,{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Bryce |first1=Emma |title=Lab-grown meat gets a key missing ingredient: 3D Fat. |url=https://www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2023/04/in-a-big-step-forward-lab-grown-meat-gets-a-key-ingredient-3d-fat/ |access-date=28 May 2023 |date=21 April 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Yuen Jr |first1=John Se Kit |last2=Saad |first2=Michael K |last3=Xiang |first3=Ning |last4=Barrick |first4=Brigid M |last5=DiCindio |first5=Hailey |last6=Li |first6=Chunmei |last7=Zhang |first7=Sabrina W |last8=Rittenberg |first8=Miriam |last9=Lew |first9=Emily T |last10=Zhang |first10=Kevin Lin |last11=Leung |first11=Glenn |last12=Pietropinto |first12=Jaymie A |last13=Kaplan |first13=David L |author13-link=David L. Kaplan (engineer)|title=Aggregating in vitro-grown adipocytes to produce macroscale cell-cultured fat tissue with tunable lipid compositions for food applications |journal=eLife |date=4 April 2023 |volume=12 |pages=e82120 |doi=10.7554/eLife.82120 |pmid=37014056 |pmc=10072877 |issn=2050-084X|doi-access=free}} flexible organic solar cells on balloons in the 35 km stratosphere.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Using flexible organic solar cells in the stratosphere |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-04-flexible-solar-cells-stratosphere.html |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=Science China Press via techxplore.com |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Xu |first1=Zihan |last2=Xu |first2=Guoning |last3=Luo |first3=Qun |last4=Han |first4=Yunfei |last5=Tang |first5=Yu |last6=Miao |first6=Ying |last7=Li |first7=Yongxiang |last8=Qin |first8=Jian |last9=Guo |first9=Jingbo |last10=Zha |first10=Wusong |last11=Gong |first11=Chao |last12=Lu |first12=Kun |last13=Zhang |first13=Jianqi |last14=Wei |first14=Zhixiang |last15=Cai |first15=Rong |last16=Yang |first16=Yanchu |last17=Li |first17=Zhaojie |last18=Ma |first18=Chang-Qi |title=In situ performance and stability tests of large-area flexible polymer solar cells in the 35-km stratospheric environment |journal=National Science Review |date=15 December 2022 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=nwac285 |doi=10.1093/nsr/nwac285 |pmid=36960222 |pmc=10029844 |issn=2095-5138|doi-access=free}}

=May=

File:3TMRI.jpg method for "semantic decoding" based on fMRI is demonstrated.]]

{{vanchor|1 May}}
A new brain-reading method for "semantic decoding" is demonstrated. The non-invasive system, based on 16 hours of fMRI data per participant and a transformer, is able to translate a person's neural activity into a continuous stream of text.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=1 May 2023 |title=AI Brain Activity Decoder Can Translate Thoughts into Written Words |work=IFL Science |url=https://www.iflscience.com/ai-brain-activity-decoder-can-translate-thoughts-into-written-words-68686 |access-date=2 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Tang |first1=Jerry |last2=LeBel |first2=Amanda |last3=Jain |first3=Shailee |last4=Huth |first4=Alexander G. |title=Semantic reconstruction of continuous language from non-invasive brain recordings |journal=Nature Neuroscience |date=May 2023 |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=858–866 |doi=10.1038/s41593-023-01304-9 |pmid=37127759 |pmc=11304553 |language=en |issn=1546-1726|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.09.29.509744|s2cid=252684880 }}
News outlets report the {{Tooltip|first|other studies investigated detectability of distant civilizations and detectability of life on Earth; detectability of life (biosignatures) is distinct from detectability of civilizations (technosignatures); modelling is distinct from rough estimates (from ~2011)}} study (6 Feb) modelling contemporary detectability of human civilization from afar which suggests {{Tooltip|overall radio-leakage from mobile towers|which is direction dependent with periodic changes as Earth rotates}} would still be too weak to be detectable with humanity's {{Tooltip|next-generation|here "next generation radio telescopes" referred to radio telescopes planned or under construction at the time "such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)"}} radio telescopes from {{Tooltip|three|HD 95735, Barnard's star, and Alpha Centauri A; all located within 10 light-years}} of Earth's current closest nearby star-systems.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Palmer |first1=Sarah |title=New research suggests alien life could detect Earth's radio waves |url=https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/05/04/scientists-believe-extraterrestrials-might-be-able-to-detect-life-on-earth-from-our-radio- |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=euronews |date=4 May 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Saide |first1=Ramiro C |last2=Garrett |first2=M A |last3=Heeralall-Issur |first3=N |title=Simulation of the Earth's radio-leakage from mobile towers as seen from selected nearby stellar systems |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=21 April 2023 |volume=522 |issue=2 |pages=2393–2402 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad378|doi-access=free |arxiv=2304.13779 }}
First news report about the study: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Koberlein |first1=Brian |title=Aliens Could Map Earth From its Mobile Phone Towers |url=https://www.universetoday.com/161156/aliens-could-map-earth-from-its-mobile-phone-towers/ |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=Universe Today |date=1 May 2023}} Radar systems are not yet included in their model, while radar emissions during – and possibly since{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Loeb |first1=Abraham |last2=Zaldarriaga |first2=Matias |title=Eavesdropping on radio broadcasts from galactic civilizations with upcoming observatories for redshifted 21 cm radiation |journal=Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics |date=22 January 2007 |volume=2007 |issue=1 |page=020 |doi=10.1088/1475-7516/2007/01/020 |issn=1475-7516|arxiv=astro-ph/0610377|bibcode=2007JCAP...01..020L |s2cid=119398714 }} – the Cold War are thought to be the first most detectable cue by which hypothetical extraterrestrials could detect humanity.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |title=The benefits and harm of transmitting into space |journal=Space Policy |date=1 February 2013 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=40–48 |doi=10.1016/j.spacepol.2012.11.006 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0265964612001361 |access-date=9 April 2021 |language=en |issn=0265-9646|arxiv=1207.5540 |last1=Haqq-Misra |first1=Jacob |last2=Busch |first2=Michael W. |last3=Som |first3=Sanjoy M. |last4=Baum |first4=Seth D. |bibcode=2013SpPol..29...40H |s2cid=7070311 }}{{cite book|last1=Sullivan |first1=W. T. III |title=Strategies for the Search for Life in the Universe |chapter=Radio Leakage and Eavesdropping |series=Astrophysics and Space Science Library |date=1980 |volume=83 |pages=227–239 |doi=10.1007/978-94-009-9115-6_20 |bibcode=1980ASSL...83..227S |isbn=978-90-277-1226-4 |chapter-url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980ASSL...83..227S/abstract |access-date=9 April 2021}}
The second study, after one from early 2022 with similar results,{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Vicente |first1=Raul |last2=Rizzuto |first2=Michael |last3=Sarica |first3=Can |last4=Yamamoto |first4=Kazuaki |last5=Sadr |first5=Mohammed |last6=Khajuria |first6=Tarun |last7=Fatehi |first7=Mostafa |last8=Moien-Afshari |first8=Farzad |last9=Haw |first9=Charles S. |last10=Llinas |first10=Rodolfo R. |last11=Lozano |first11=Andres M. |last12=Neimat |first12=Joseph S. |last13=Zemmar |first13=Ajmal |title=Enhanced Interplay of Neuronal Coherence and Coupling in the Dying Human Brain |journal=Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |date=2022 |volume=14 |page=813531 |doi=10.3389/fnagi.2022.813531 |pmid=35273490 |pmc=8902637 |issn=1663-4365|doi-access=free}} about EEG {{tooltip|data|(EEG neural correlates)}} of dying humans finds a surge of gamma waves and increased functional connectivities in two of four patients. It provides data and analysis about the brain process of dying (terminal loss of sentience and life) and near-death experiences.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Devlin |first1=Hannah |title=People in comas showed 'conscious-like' brain activity as they died, study says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/may/01/people-in-comas-showed-conscious-like-brain-activity-as-they-died-study-says |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=1 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Xu |first1=Gang |last2=Mihaylova |first2=Temenuzhka |last3=Li |first3=Duan |last4=Tian |first4=Fangyun |last5=Farrehi |first5=Peter M. |last6=Parent |first6=Jack M. |last7=Mashour |first7=George A. |last8=Wang |first8=Michael M. |last9=Borjigin |first9=Jimo |title=Surge of neurophysiological coupling and connectivity of gamma oscillations in the dying human brain |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=9 May 2023 |volume=120 |issue=19 |pages=e2216268120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2216268120 |pmid=37126719 |pmc=10175832 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12016268X |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|2 May}}
A new AI algorithm developed by Baidu is shown to boost the antibody response of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines by 128 times.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=2 May 2023 |title=New AI algorithm boosts COVID-19 mRNA vaccine antibody response by 128 times |work=EurekAlert! |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/987999 |access-date=3 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Zhang |first1=He |last2=Zhang |first2=Liang |last3=Lin |first3=Ang |last4=Xu |first4=Congcong |last5=Li |first5=Ziyu |last6=Liu |first6=Kaibo |last7=Liu |first7=Boxiang |last8=Ma |first8=Xiaopin |last9=Zhao |first9=Fanfan |last10=Jiang |first10=Huiling |last11=Chen |first11=Chunxiu |last12=Shen |first12=Haifa |last13=Li |first13=Hangwen |last14=Mathews |first14=David H. |last15=Zhang |first15=Yujian |last16=Huang |first16=Liang |title=Algorithm for Optimized mRNA Design Improves Stability and Immunogenicity |journal=Nature |date=2 May 2023 |volume=621 |issue=7978 |pages=396–403 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06127-z |pmid=37130545 |pmc=10499610 |arxiv=2004.10177 |bibcode=2023Natur.621..396Z |s2cid=247594015 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06127-z_reference.pdf |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
A single-molecule valve is demonstrated, a breakthrough in nanoscale control of fluids.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kawagishi |first1=Hiroto |last2=Funano |first2=Shun-ichi |last3=Tanaka |first3=Yo |last4=Xu |first4=Yan |title=Flexible Glass-Based Hybrid Nanofluidic Device to Enable the Active Regulation of Single-Molecule Flows |journal=Nano Letters |date=22 March 2023 |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=2210–2218 |doi=10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04807 |pmid=36879391 |pmc=10804405 |bibcode=2023NanoL..23.2210K |s2cid=257376494 |language=en |issn=1530-6984}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |date=2 May 2023 |title=Single-Molecule Valve: A Breakthrough in Nanoscale Control |work=Osaka Metropolitan University |url=https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/info/research-news/entry-27753.html |access-date=8 May 2023}}
Scientists report economic factors of neurology or mental health and cognition{{Broken anchor|date=6 June 2024|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Neuroenhancement#Early childhood|reason= The anchor (Early childhood) has been deleted.}} during child development: association of low income with brain structure and hippocampal volume, stronger associations in U.S. states with higher cost of living, and {{Tooltip|lower associations|"in high cost of living states that provide more generous cash benefits for low-income families, socioeconomic disparities in hippocampal volume were reduced by 34%, such that the association of family income with hippocampal volume resembled that in the lowest cost of living states"}} for stronger social safety nets for low-income-affected people.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Hassanein |first1=Nada |title=Kids' brains may develop better in states with more generous safety net programs, study finds |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2023/05/08/anti-poverty-programs-children-brain-development-health/70179467007/ |access-date=25 June 2023 |work=USA Today}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Weissman |first1=David G. |last2=Hatzenbuehler |first2=Mark L. |last3=Cikara |first3=Mina |last4=Barch |first4=Deanna M. |last5=McLaughlin |first5=Katie A. |title=State-level macro-economic factors moderate the association of low income with brain structure and mental health in U.S. children |journal=Nature Communications |date=2 May 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=2085 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-37778-1 |pmid=37130880 |pmc=10154403 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.2085W |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}

File:Fomalhaut_Dusty_Debris_Disk_(MIRI_Compass_Image).png: Infrared view of three asteroid belts around the star Fomalhaut.]]

File:Best_models_for_the_human_evolutionary_origins_%E2%80%93_a_weakly_structured_stem_best_describes_two-locus_statistics.webp: A more complex model of human evolution.]]

{{vanchor|3 May}}
Drug company Eli Lilly reports that donanemab can slow the pace of Alzheimer's disease by 35%, following a Phase 3 study in human patients.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=3 May 2023 |title=Eli Lilly Alzheimer's treatment donanemab slowed disease progression in clinical trial |work=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/03/alzheimers-eli-lilly-treatment-donanemab-slowed-disease-progression.html |access-date=3 May 2023}}
Astronomers using the Gemini South telescope report the first direct evidence of an exoplanet being swallowed by an ancient Sun-like star, a fate that likely awaits the Earth in five billion years.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=4 May 2023 |title=A star is seen swallowing a planet "in one gulp" for the first time. Earth will likely suffer the same fate in 5 billion years. |publisher=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/star-swallows-planet-one-gulp-earth-same-fate-5-billion-years/ |access-date=5 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=De |first1=Kishalay |last2=MacLeod |first2=Morgan |last3=Karambelkar |first3=Viraj |last4=Jencson |first4=Jacob E. |last5=Chakrabarty |first5=Deepto |last6=Conroy |first6=Charlie |last7=Dekany |first7=Richard |last8=Eilers |first8=Anna-Christina |last9=Graham |first9=Matthew J. |last10=Hillenbrand |first10=Lynne A. |last11=Kara |first11=Erin |last12=Kasliwal |first12=Mansi M. |last13=Kulkarni |first13=S. R. |last14=Lau |first14=Ryan M. |last15=Loeb |first15=Abraham |last16=Masci |first16=Frank |last17=Medford |first17=Michael S. |last18=Meisner |first18=Aaron M. |last19=Patel |first19=Nimesh |last20=Quiroga-Nuñez |first20=Luis Henry |last21=Riddle |first21=Reed L. |last22=Rusholme |first22=Ben |last23=Simcoe |first23=Robert |last24=Sjouwerman |first24=Loránt O. |last25=Teague |first25=Richard |last26=Vanderburg |first26=Andrew |title=An infrared transient from a star engulfing a planet |journal=Nature |date=May 2023 |volume=617 |issue=7959 |pages=55–60 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05842-x |pmid=37138107 |bibcode=2023Natur.617...55D |s2cid=258465136 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url=https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2117913/v1}}
{{vanchor|4 May}} – Westinghouse Electric's nuclear division announces the AP300, a miniature version of its signature AP1000 nuclear reactor.{{#invoke:Cite |web |last=Clifford |first=Catherine |title=Westinghouse announces a new small nuclear reactor – a notable step in the industry's efforts to remake itself |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/04/westinghouse-announces-a-small-nuclear-reactor.html |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=CNBC |date=4 May 2023 |language=en}}
{{vanchor|5 May}} – The World Health Organization announces that COVID-19 is no longer considered a global health emergency.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=5 May 2023 |title=WHO says Covid-19 is no longer a global health emergency |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/05/health/who-ends-covid-health-emergency/index.html |access-date=5 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=5 May 2023 |title=Statement on the fifteenth meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic |publisher=World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2023-statement-on-the-fifteenth-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-pandemic |access-date=5 May 2023}}
{{vanchor|8 May}}
The first infrared image of an asteroid belt outside the Solar System is captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Three distinct rings of debris are shown to exist around Fomalhaut, a young star 25 light years away.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=8 May 2023 |title=Webb Looks for Fomalhaut's Asteroid Belt and Finds Much More |work=NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/webb-looks-for-fomalhaut-s-asteroid-belt-and-finds-much-more |access-date=9 May 2023}}
AI successfully identifies people at the highest risk for pancreatic cancer up to three years before diagnosis, using solely the patients' medical records.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Placido |first1=Davide |last2=Yuan |first2=Bo |last3=Hjaltelin |first3=Jessica X. |last4=Zheng |first4=Chunlei |last5=Haue |first5=Amalie D. |last6=Chmura |first6=Piotr J. |last7=Yuan |first7=Chen |last8=Kim |first8=Jihye |last9=Umeton |first9=Renato |last10=Antell |first10=Gregory |last11=Chowdhury |first11=Alexander |last12=Franz |first12=Alexandra |last13=Brais |first13=Lauren |last14=Andrews |first14=Elizabeth |last15=Marks |first15=Debora S. |last16=Regev |first16=Aviv |last17=Ayandeh |first17=Siamack |last18=Brophy |first18=Mary T. |last19=Do |first19=Nhan V. |last20=Kraft |first20=Peter |last21=Wolpin |first21=Brian M. |last22=Rosenthal |first22=Michael H. |last23=Fillmore |first23=Nathanael R. |last24=Brunak |first24=Søren |last25=Sander |first25=Chris |title=A deep learning algorithm to predict risk of pancreatic cancer from disease trajectories |journal=Nature Medicine |date=May 2023 |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=1113–1122 |doi=10.1038/s41591-023-02332-5 |pmid=37156936 |pmc=10202814 |language=en |issn=1546-170X|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|10 May}}
A rough draft of the human "pan-genome" is presented, consisting of 47 genomes from a cohort of genetically diverse individuals. This aims to improve medical research by building on the earlier Human Genome Project.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=10 May 2023 |title=More diverse gene map could lead to better treatments |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-65539594 |access-date=10 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Liao |first1=Wen-Wei |last2=Asri |first2=Mobin |last3=Ebler |first3=Jana |display-authors=et al. |title=A draft human pangenome reference |journal=Nature |date=May 2023 |volume=617 |issue=7960 |pages=312–324 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05896-x |pmid=37165242 |pmc=10172123 |bibcode=2023Natur.617..312L |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
Scientists demonstrate with experimental evolution how macroscopic multicellularity could have emerged on Earth.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Yong |first1=Ed |title=One of Evolution's Biggest Moments Was Re-created in a Year |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2023/05/multicellular-organism-evolution-yeast-experiment/674030/ |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=The Atlantic |date=12 May 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Bozdag |first1=G. Ozan |last2=Zamani-Dahaj |first2=Seyed Alireza |last3=Day |first3=Thomas C. |last4=Kahn |first4=Penelope C. |last5=Burnetti |first5=Anthony J. |last6=Lac |first6=Dung T. |last7=Tong |first7=Kai |last8=Conlin |first8=Peter L. |last9=Balwani |first9=Aishwarya H. |last10=Dyer |first10=Eva L. |last11=Yunker |first11=Peter J. |last12=Ratcliff |first12=William C. |title=De novo evolution of macroscopic multicellularity |journal=Nature |date=10 May 2023 |volume=617 |issue=7962 |pages=747–754 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06052-1 |pmid=37165189 |pmc=10425966 |bibcode=2023Natur.617..747B |language=en |biorxiv=10.1101/2021.08.03.454982 |s2cid=236953093 |issn=0028-0836 }}
{{vanchor|11 May}} – The discovery of 62 new moons of Saturn is reported, taking its total confirmed number to 145 and overtaking Jupiter.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=11 May 2023 |title=Saturn now leads moon race with 62 newly discovered moons |work=UBC Science |url=https://science.ubc.ca/news/saturn-now-leads-moon-race-62-newly-discovered-satellites |access-date=19 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=12 May 2023 |title=New Discoveries Double Number of "Irregular" Saturn Moons, Bringing Total Count to 145 |work=Sky & Telescope |url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/new-observations-double-saturns-irregular-moons/ |access-date=19 May 2023}}
{{vanchor|15 May}}
The National Institutes of Health begins a Phase 1 trial of an mRNA-based universal influenza vaccine, enrolling 50 volunteers.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=15 May 2023 |title=Clinical trial of mRNA universal influenza vaccine candidate begins |work=National Institutes of Health |url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/clinical-trial-mrna-universal-influenza-vaccine-candidate-begins |access-date=17 May 2023}}
A study shows most extensively the neuro-molecular mechanics of how a fungal parasite affects behavior of insects.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Elya |first1=Carolyn |last2=Lavrentovich |first2=Danylo |last3=Lee |first3=Emily |last4=Pasadyn |first4=Cassandra |last5=Duval |first5=Jasper |last6=Basak |first6=Maya |last7=Saykina |first7=Valerie |last8=de Bivort |first8=Benjamin |title=Neural mechanisms of parasite-induced summiting behavior in 'zombie' Drosophila |journal=eLife |date=15 May 2023 |volume=12 |pages=e85410 |doi=10.7554/eLife.85410 |pmid=37184212 |pmc=10259475 |issn=2050-084X|doi-access=free}}
University news article: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Subrahmanyam |first1=Rohini |title=How a mind-controlling fungal parasite turns insects into zombies |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/04/how-a-mind-controlling-fungal-parasite-turns-insects-into-zombies/ |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=Harvard Gazette |date=18 April 2023}}
A study found that, of 70,000 monitored species, some 48% are experiencing population declines from human activity, whereas only 3% have increasing populations.{{#invoke:Cite |news |author= |date=23 May 2023 |title=Biodiversity: Almost half of animals in decline, research shows|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-65681648|publisher=BBC |access-date=9 July 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Finn|first1=Catherine|last2=Grattarola|first2=Florencia |last3=Pincheira-Donoso|first3=Daniel |date=2023 |title=More losers than winners: investigating Anthropocene defaunation through the diversity of population trends|journal=Biological Reviews|volume= 98|issue= 5|pages= 1732–1748|doi=10.1111/brv.12974|pmid=37189305 |s2cid=258717720 |doi-access=free}}
By publishing virome-related results, researchers close a major gap{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Pang |first1=Shifu |last2=Chen |first2=Xiaodong |last3=Lu |first3=Zhilong |last4=Meng |first4=Lili |last5=Huang |first5=Yu |last6=Yu |first6=Xiuqi |last7=Huang |first7=Lianfei |last8=Ye |first8=Pengpeng |last9=Chen |first9=Xiaochun |last10=Liang |first10=Jian |last11=Peng |first11=Tao |last12=Luo |first12=Weifei |last13=Wang |first13=Shuai |title=Longevity of centenarians is reflected by the gut microbiome with youth-associated signatures |journal=Nature Aging |date=April 2023 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=436–449 |doi=10.1038/s43587-023-00389-y |pmid=37117794 |s2cid=258020982 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-023-00389-y |language=en |issn=2662-8465|url-access=subscription}}
Lay summary: {{#invoke:Cite |journal |title=Youth-associated signatures in the gut microbiome of centenarians |journal=Nature Aging |date=April 2023 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=376–377 |language=en |doi=10.1038/s43587-023-00395-0|pmid=37117796 |s2cid=258012179 |doi-access=free }} in the accumulating Research into centenarians#Other factors for life extension.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Johansen |first1=Joachim |last2=Atarashi |first2=Koji |last3=Arai |first3=Yasumichi |last4=Hirose |first4=Nobuyoshi |last5=Sørensen |first5=Søren J. |last6=Vatanen |first6=Tommi |last7=Knip |first7=Mikael |last8=Honda |first8=Kenya |last9=Xavier |first9=Ramnik J. |last10=Rasmussen |first10=Simon |last11=Plichta |first11=Damian R. |title=Centenarians have a diverse gut virome with the potential to modulate metabolism and promote healthy lifespan |journal=Nature Microbiology |date=June 2023 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=1064–1078 |doi=10.1038/s41564-023-01370-6 |pmid=37188814 |s2cid=258716117 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370775166 |language=en |issn=2058-5276|url-access=subscription}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=DiCorato |first1=Allessandra |title=Viruses in the guts of centenarians may help them resist pathogens |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-05-viruses-guts-centenarians-resist-pathogens.html |access-date=25 June 2023 |work=Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
{{vanchor|16 May}} – A software tool called Allegro is reported to accurately simulate 44 million atoms, running on the Perlmutter supercomputer.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=16 May 2023 |title=Watch 44 million atoms simulated using AI and a supercomputer |work=New Scientist |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2373022-watch-44-million-atoms-simulated-using-ai-and-a-supercomputer/ |access-date=18 May 2023}}{{cite arXiv|title=Scaling the leading accuracy of deep equivariant models to biomolecular simulations of realistic size|date=20 April 2023|eprint=2304.10061|last1=Musaelian|first1=Albert|last2=Johansson|first2=Anders|last3=Batzner|first3=Simon|last4=Kozinsky|first4=Boris|class=physics.comp-ph}}
{{vanchor|17 May}}
Astronomers confirm the existence of MACS1149-JD1 (JD1), one of the farthest known galaxies from Earth.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Roberts-Borsani, Guido |display-authors=et al. |title=The nature of an ultra-faint galaxy in the cosmic dark ages seen with JWST |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05994-w |date=17 May 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=618 |issue=7965 |pages=480–483 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05994-w |pmid=37198479 |arxiv=2210.15639 |bibcode=2023Natur.618..480R |s2cid=258741077 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230518131358/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05994-w |archive-date=18 May 2023 |access-date=9 August 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Roberts-Borsani |first=Guido |title=Looking back toward cosmic dawn − astronomers confirm the faintest galaxy ever seen |url=https://theconversation.com/looking-back-toward-cosmic-dawn-astronomers-confirm-the-faintest-galaxy-ever-seen-207602 |date=8 August 2023 |work=The Conversation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230808182120/https://theconversation.com/looking-back-toward-cosmic-dawn-astronomers-confirm-the-faintest-galaxy-ever-seen-207602 |archive-date=8 August 2023 |access-date=9 August 2023 }}
Scientists report, based on genetic studies, a more complicated pathway of human evolution than previously understood. According to the studies, humans evolved from different places and times in Africa, instead of from a single location and period of time.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Zimmer |title=Study Offers New Twist in How the First Humans Evolved – A new genetic analysis of 290 people suggests that humans emerged at various times and places in Africa. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/17/science/human-origins-africa.html |date=17 May 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230517235653/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/17/science/human-origins-africa.html |archive-date=17 May 2023 |access-date=18 May 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Ragsdale,vAaron P. |display-authors=et al.|title=A weakly structured stem for human origins in Africa |date=17 May 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=167 |issue=7962 |pages=755–763 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06055-y |pmid=37198480 |pmc=10208968 |bibcode=2023Natur.617..755R |doi-access=free}}
The newly discovered exoplanet LP 791-18 d is theorised to be covered with volcanoes, due to the extreme gravitational pull of a super-Earth in the same system.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=17 May 2023 |title=NASA's Spitzer, TESS Find Potentially Volcano-Covered Earth-Size World |work=NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/nasa-s-spitzer-tess-find-potentially-volcano-covered-earth-size-world |access-date=18 May 2023}}
A study proposes school curricula start including useful basic life support, noting that e.g. complemented video lessons could be effective.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Schroeder |first1=Daniel C. |last2=Semeraro |first2=Federico |last3=Greif |first3=Robert |last4=Bray |first4=Janet |last5=Morley |first5=Peter |last6=Parr |first6=Michael |last7=Kondo Nakagawa |first7=Naomi |last8=Iwami |first8=Taku |last9=Finke |first9=Simon-Richard |last10=Malta Hansen |first10=Carolina |last11=Lockey |first11=Andrew |last12=Del Rios |first12=Marina |last13=Bhanji |first13=Farhan |last14=Sasson |first14=Comilla |last15=Schexnayder |first15=Stephen M. |last16=Scquizzato |first16=Tommaso |last17=Wetsch |first17=Wolfgang A. |last18=Böttiger |first18=Bernd W. |title=KIDS SAVE LIVES: Basic Life Support Education for Schoolchildren: A Narrative Review and Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation |journal=Circulation |date=13 June 2023 |volume=147 |issue=24 |pages=1854–1868 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001128 |pmid=37194575 |s2cid=258741491 |language=en |issn=0009-7322|doi-access=free }}
{{vanchor|18 May}}
Astronomers map the paths of potentially hazardous asteroids for the next 1,000 years. At least 28 asteroids of 1 km diameter or larger are found to have non-zero probabilities of a 'deep encounter' with Earth.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |title=The Hazardous km-sized NEOs of the Next Thousands of Years |year=2023 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/acd378 |arxiv=2305.04896 |last1=Fuentes-Muñoz |first1=Oscar |last2=Scheeres |first2=Daniel J. |last3=Farnocchia |first3=Davide |last4=Park |first4=Ryan S. |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=166 |issue=1 |page=10 |bibcode=2023AJ....166...10F |s2cid=258556934 |doi-access=free }}
A study reports that more than 50% of freshwater lakes and reservoirs lost volume since 1992 due to human and climatic drivers.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Yao |first1=Fangfang |last2=Livneh |first2=Ben |last3=Rajagopalan |first3=Balaji |last4=Wang |first4=Jida |last5=Crétaux |first5=Jean-François |last6=Wada |first6=Yoshihide |last7=Berge-Nguyen |first7=Muriel |title=Satellites reveal widespread decline in global lake water storage |journal=Science |date=19 May 2023 |volume=380 |issue=6646 |pages=743–749 |doi=10.1126/science.abo2812 |pmid=37200445 |bibcode=2023Sci...380..743Y |hdl=10754/691878 |s2cid=258765167 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url=https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/bitstream/handle/10754/691878/abo2812_ArticleContent_v5.pdf}}
{{vanchor|19 May}}
A policies study review, based on a systematic examination of existing methane policies across sectors, concludes that both only "about 13% of methane emissions are covered by methane mitigation policies" and that the effectiveness of these policies "is far from clear".{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Olczak |first1=Maria |last2=Piebalgs |first2=Andris |last3=Balcombe |first3=Paul |title=A global review of methane policies reveals that only 13% of emissions are covered with unclear effectiveness |journal=One Earth |date=May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=519–535 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.009|bibcode=2023OEart...6..519O |doi-access=free}}
Researchers propose a methodological approach and quantifications for reparations from fossil fuel producers.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Lakhani |first1=Nina |last2=reporter |first2=Nina Lakhani Climate justice |title=Fossil fuel firms owe climate reparations of $209bn a year, says study |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/19/fossil-fuel-firms-owe-climate-reparations-of-209bn-a-year-says-study |access-date=24 June 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=19 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Grasso |first1=Marco |last2=Heede |first2=Richard |title=Time to pay the piper: Fossil fuel companies' reparations for climate damages |journal=One Earth |date=May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=459–463 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.04.012|bibcode=2023OEart...6..459G |s2cid=258809532 |doi-access=free |hdl=10281/416137 |hdl-access=free }} Cross-disciplinary researchers propose academics make universities implement, leadingly, the plant-based dietary transition that an increasingly large and confirmed corpus of studies, to which these contributed to, concludes is vital (7 May).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Krattenmacher |first1=Jochen |last2=Casal |first2=Paula |last3=Dutkiewicz |first3=Jan |last4=Huchard |first4=Elise |last5=Sanders |first5=Edel |last6=Treich |first6=Nicolas |last7=Wadiwel |first7=Dinesh |last8=Williams |first8=Andrew |last9=Bègue |first9=Laurent |last10=Cardilini |first10=Adam P A |last11=Dhont |first11=Kristof |last12=Dugnoille |first12=Julien |last13=Espinosa |first13=Romain |last14=Gagliano |first14=Monica |last15=Lairon |first15=Denis |last16=Maheta |first16=Mansi |last17=Mendez |first17=Loriane |last18=Nowicki |first18=Piotr |last19=Quinn |first19=Thomas P |last20=Razum |first20=Oliver |last21=Ripple |first21=William J |last22=Rothgerber |first22=Hank |last23=Twine |first23=Richard |title=Universities should lead on the plant-based dietary transition |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |date=May 2023 |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=e354–e355 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00082-7|pmid=37164509 |s2cid=258582007 |doi-access=free |hdl=10230/57562 |hdl-access=free }}
Metascience-related events
Nature reports China has "overtaken the United States as the number one ranked country or territory for contributions to research articles published in the Nature Index group of high-quality natural-science journals", remaining at second place overall.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Baker |first1=Simon |title=China overtakes United States on contribution to research in Nature Index |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-01705-7 |access-date=25 June 2023 |journal=Nature |date=19 May 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-01705-7}} The Nature Index, since 2016, evaluates contribution by the number of articles published in a subgroup of their journals – other potential or less popular approaches and metrics for quantifications of success or impact can or could produce different rankings or annual tables{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=2023 tables {{!}} Annual Tables {{!}} Nature Index |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/annual-tables/2023 |website=nature.com |access-date=25 June 2023 |language=en |date=15 June 2023}} and conclusions.
34% of neuroscience papers and 23% of medical papers published in 2020 were probably fabricated or plagiarized, according to a preprint study, stemming from paper mills (9 May).{{#invoke:Cite |news |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/fake-scientific-papers-are-alarmingly-common|title=Fake scientific papers are alarmingly common|author=Jeffrey Brainard|date=9 May 2023|access-date=18 May 2023}}{{Cite medRxiv|title=Fake Publications in Biomedical Science: Red-flagging Method Indicates Mass Production|year=2023|last1=Sabel|first1=Bernhard A.|last2=Knaack|first2=Emely|last3=Gigerenzer|first3=Gerd|last4=Bilc|first4=Mirela|medrxiv=10.1101/2023.05.06.23289563}}
A time-use research study (10 May) estimates the costs of manuscript (re)formatting to fit journal guidelines, ~$230 million or ~75 million hours of lost academics' time in 2021. As researchers, usually with little time, usually conduct these tasks themselves and manually and the, largely cosmetic, unstandardized changes are required before, not after, the paper is accepted for publication, the study proposes journals start allowing "free-format submissions".{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Clotworthy |first1=Amy |last2=Davies |first2=Megan |last3=Cadman |first3=Timothy J. |last4=Bengtsson |first4=Jessica |last5=Andersen |first5=Thea O. |last6=Kadawathagedara |first6=Manik |last7=Vinther |first7=Johan L. |last8=Nguyen |first8=Tri-Long |last9=Varga |first9=Tibor V. |title=Saving time and money in biomedical publishing: the case for free-format submissions with minimal requirements |journal=BMC Medicine |date=10 May 2023 |volume=21 |issue=1 |page=172 |doi=10.1186/s12916-023-02882-y |pmid=37161428 |pmc=10170849 |issn=1741-7015|doi-access=free}}
News article about the study: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Kozlov |first1=Max |title=Revealed: the millions of dollars in time wasted making papers fit journal guidelines |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-01846-9 |access-date=25 June 2023 |journal=Nature |date=8 June 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-01846-9|url-access=subscription}}
A study (25 May) highlights a list of problematic persuasive methods in academic articles, such as exaggerating the importance of the work or insufficient contextualization by "Not citing previous work that decreases the perceived novelty of the current work".{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Corneille |first1=Olivier |last2=Havemann |first2=Jo |last3=Henderson |first3=Emma L |last4=IJzerman |first4=Hans |last5=Hussey |first5=Ian |last6=Orban de Xivry |first6=Jean-Jacques |last7=Jussim |first7=Lee |last8=Holmes |first8=Nicholas P |last9=Pilacinski |first9=Artur |last10=Beffara |first10=Brice |last11=Carroll |first11=Harriet |last12=Outa |first12=Nicholas Otieno |last13=Lush |first13=Peter |last14=Lotter |first14=Leon D |title=Beware 'persuasive communication devices' when writing and reading scientific articles |journal=eLife |date=25 May 2023 |volume=12 |pages=e88654 |doi=10.7554/eLife.88654 |pmid=37227768 |pmc=10212555 |issn=2050-084X|doi-access=free}}

File:Regions_and_population_densities_exposed_to_unprecedented_heat_at_different_levels_of_global_warming.webp: 2.7 °C global warming could by 2100 leave every third outside the human climate niche ({{tooltip|MAT|mean annual temperature}} ≥29 °C).]]

File:A.baumannii_visualized_using_Scanning_electron_microscopy.png: Artificial intelligence is reported to have designed a new antibiotic, effective against Acinetobacter baumannii (pictured).]]

{{vanchor|21 May}} – IBM announces that it will begin development of a 100,000-qubit quantum computer, the world's largest and most powerful, to be completed by 2033.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=23 May 2023 |title=IBM asks UChicago, UTokyo for help building a 100K qubit quantum supercomputer |work=The Register|url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/05/23/ibm_asks_uchicago_utokyo_for/ |access-date=25 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=21 May 2023 |title=IBM Launches $100 Million Partnership with Global Universities to Develop Novel Technologies Towards a 100,000-Qubit Quantum-Centric Supercomputer |work=IBM|url=https://newsroom.ibm.com/2023-05-21-IBM-Launches-100-Million-Partnership-with-Global-Universities-to-Develop-Novel-Technologies-Towards-a-100,000-Qubit-Quantum-Centric-Supercomputer |access-date=25 May 2023}}
{{vanchor|22 May}} – A study quantifies "the human cost of global warming", showing current policies "leading to around 2.7 °C global warming could by 2080–2100 leave one-third (22–39%)" of people outside their climate niche {{Crossreference|(see also 4 May 2020)}} – humans' long-time range of mean annual temperatures to which their physiology may have largely adapted to. It indicates meeting the 1.5 °C goal would decrease the population exposed to unprecedented heat ~5-fold and ties itself to earlier research by initially noting that quantifying the social cost of carbon in monetary terms, as related or economics studies tend to do, may be inadequate.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Subramaniam |first1=Tara |title=Global temperature rise could see billions live in places where human life doesn't flourish, study says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/23/asia/global-warming-billions-dangerous-climate-heat-report-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=23 June 2023 |publisher=CNN|date=23 May 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lenton |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Xu |first2=Chi |last3=Abrams |first3=Jesse F. |last4=Ghadiali |first4=Ashish |last5=Loriani |first5=Sina |last6=Sakschewski |first6=Boris |last7=Zimm |first7=Caroline |last8=Ebi |first8=Kristie L. |last9=Dunn |first9=Robert R. |last10=Svenning |first10=Jens-Christian |last11=Scheffer |first11=Marten |title=Quantifying the human cost of global warming |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=22 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=1237–1247 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 |bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1237L |language=en |issn=2398-9629|doi-access=free|hdl=10871/132650 |hdl-access=free }}
{{vanchor|23 May}}
Using the Hubble Space Telescope and Gaia spacecraft, an analysis of proper motions of the closest known globular cluster, Messier 4, reveals an excess mass of roughly 800 solar masses in the center. This appears to not be extended, and could thus be the best kinematic evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole (even if an unusually compact cluster of compact objects, white dwarfs, neutron stars or stellar-mass black holes cannot be completely discounted).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last=Vitral|first=E.|display-authors=etal|title=An elusive dark central mass in the globular cluster M4|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=2023|volume=522|issue=4 |pages=5740–5757|doi=10.1093/mnras/stad1068|doi-access=free |arxiv =2305.12702 |bibcode = 2023MNRAS.522.5740V }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=23 May 2023|title=NASA's Hubble Hunts for Intermediate-Sized Black Hole Close to Home | url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/nasas-hubble-hunts-for-intermediate-sized-black-hole-close-to-home/ |work=NASA|access-date=23 May 2023}}
A study identifies plastic chopping boards as a substantial source of ingested microplastics.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Yadav |first1=Himani |last2=Khan |first2=Md Rakib Hasan |last3=Quadir |first3=Mohiuddin |last4=Rusch |first4=Kelly A. |last5=Mondal |first5=Partho Pritom |last6=Orr |first6=Megan |last7=Xu |first7=Elvis Genbo |last8=Iskander |first8=Syeed Md |title=Cutting Boards: An Overlooked Source of Microplastics in Human Food? |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |date=6 June 2023 |volume=57 |issue=22 |pages=8225–8235 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.3c00924 |pmid=37220346 |bibcode=2023EnST...57.8225Y |s2cid=258865015 |language=en |issn=0013-936X}} Researchers show plastic recycling facilities are a major source of microplastic water pollution (1 May).{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=McVeigh |first1=Karen |title=Recycling can release huge quantities of microplastics, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/23/recycling-can-release-huge-quantities-of-microplastics-study-finds |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=23 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Brown |first1=Erina |last2=MacDonald |first2=Anna |last3=Allen |first3=Steve |last4=Allen |first4=Deonie |title=The potential for a plastic recycling facility to release microplastic pollution and possible filtration remediation effectiveness |journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances |date=1 May 2023 |volume=10 |page=100309 |doi=10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100309 |language=en |issn=2772-4166|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023JHzMA..1000309B }}
Computational neuroscientists show that people with higher intelligence scores in HCP cognitive tests took more time to solve difficult problems and that their higher synchrony between brain areas allowed for better integration of evidence (or progress) from preceding working memory sub-problem processing. Reducing synchrony in "avatar" simulations, that were adjusted and tuned {{tooltip|towards personalization|According to the study, functional connectivity became "almost indistinguishable from their empirical counterparts"}}, "led decision-making circuits to quickly jump to conclusions". Their codified results may be useful for an understanding of cognition to replicate or imitate in bio-inspired computing.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Schirner |first1=Michael |last2=Deco |first2=Gustavo |last3=Ritter |first3=Petra |title=Learning how network structure shapes decision-making for bio-inspired computing |journal=Nature Communications |date=23 May 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=2963 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-38626-y |pmid=37221168 |pmc=10206104 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.2963S |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Seltmann |first1=Stefanie |title=Intelligent brains take longer to solve difficult problems, shows simulation study |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-06-intelligent-brains-longer-difficult-problems.html |access-date=24 June 2023 |work=Berlin Institute of Health in der Charité via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
Researchers report trends in reasons for HPV vaccine hesitancy during 2010–20.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Adjei Boakye |first1=Eric |last2=Nair |first2=Mrudula |last3=Abouelella |first3=Dina K |last4=Joseph |first4=Christine L.M. |last5=Gerend |first5=Mary A. |last6=Subramaniam |first6=Divya S. |last7=Osazuwa-Peters |first7=Nosayaba |title=Trends in Reasons for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Hesitancy: 2010–2020 |journal=Pediatrics |date=1 June 2023 |volume=151 |issue=6 |doi=10.1542/peds.2022-060410|pmid=37218460 |pmc=10233736 }}
{{vanchor|24 May}}
Scientists show how gene 'FAAH'-related disruption via genetic or epigenome editing can enable pain insensitivity {{Crossreference|(see also 10 March 2021)}}. Their analyses, mainly about long non-coding RNA 'FAAH-OUT', following from {{tooltip|decade-long study|Jo Cameron "was first referred to pain geneticists at UCL in 2013, after her doctor noticed that she experienced no pain after major surgeries on her hip and hand"}} of a woman who can't feel pain or anxiety, could also enable novel therapeutic developments against other neurological problems.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Biological Secrets of the Woman Who Can't Feel Pain |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2023-05-24/biological-secrets-of-the-woman-who-cant-feel-pain |access-date=22 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Mikaeili |first1=Hajar |last2=Habib |first2=Abdella M |last3=Yeung |first3=Charlix Wai-Lok |last4=Santana-Varela |first4=Sonia |last5=Luiz |first5=Ana P |last6=Panteleeva |first6=Kseniia |last7=Zuberi |first7=Sana |last8=Athanasiou-Fragkouli |first8=Alkyoni |last9=Houlden |first9=Henry |last10=Wood |first10=John N |last11=Okorokov |first11=Andrei L |last12=Cox |first12=James J |title=Molecular basis of FAAH-OUT -associated human pain insensitivity |journal=Brain |date=24 May 2023 |volume=146 |issue=9 |pages=3851–3865 |doi=10.1093/brain/awad098|pmid=37222214 |pmc=10473560 |hdl=10576/44602 |hdl-access=free }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Study reveals unique molecular machinery of woman who can't feel pain |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2023/may/study-reveals-unique-molecular-machinery-woman-who-cant-feel-pain |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=UCL News |date=24 May 2023 |language=en}}
One of the first empirical studies on what real users are shown during their typical use of popular Web search engines interprets its results to show that choices for unreliable news sources for their queries are driven primarily by users' own choices and less by the engine's algorithms. The Web scientists link their findings to the concept of filter bubbles which emphasizes the role of design-{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Bozdag |first1=Engin |last2=van den Hoven |first2=Jeroen |title=Breaking the filter bubble: democracy and design |journal=Ethics and Information Technology |date=1 December 2015 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=249–265 |doi=10.1007/s10676-015-9380-y |s2cid=254461715 |language=en |issn=1572-8439|doi-access=free }} and personalization algorithms.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Thompson |first1=Joanna |title=People, Not Google's Algorithm, Create Their Own Partisan 'Bubbles' Online |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/people-not-googles-algorithm-create-their-own-partisan-bubbles-online/ |access-date=26 June 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Robertson |first1=Ronald E. |last2=Green |first2=Jon |last3=Ruck |first3=Damian J. |last4=Ognyanova |first4=Katherine |last5=Wilson |first5=Christo |last6=Lazer |first6=David |title=Users choose to engage with more partisan news than they are exposed to on Google Search |journal=Nature |date=June 2023 |volume=618 |issue=7964 |pages=342–348 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06078-5 |pmid=37225979 |bibcode=2023Natur.618..342R |s2cid=258904693 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06078-5.epdf?sharing_token=gQByIQpoXMHwwdvZYUHGk9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0MPFY_1GFjOSBxhgGUEsMAh5HHieLOmX7s3-K3njouvVVKAVd34PzwUkPyqViGzIu56RmElb5_TbAk7A1hvldej5dArOeDgXNLXocG2-5jRgCvs6mYRzhSZb_LKQ0eQZAQ%3D |language=en |issn=1476-4687}} On 2 May, a report accompanied by an open letter concludes that Alphabet Inc, against its voluntary promises, still runs climate misinformation ads.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Grant |first1=Nico |last2=Myers |first2=Steven Lee |title=Google Promised to Defund Climate Lies, but the Ads Keep Coming |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/02/technology/google-youtube-disinformation-climate-change.html |access-date=28 May 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=2 May 2023}} Statements by Elon Musk{{better source needed|date=May 2023}} in 2022 suggest YouTube may also show ethically disputed advertising other than science-related misinformation such as extensively showing "scam ads".{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=YouTube accused of not tackling Musk Bitcoin scam streams |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-61749120 |access-date=28 May 2023 |publisher=BBC News |date=9 June 2022}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Kay |first1=Grace |title=Elon Musk disses YouTube for 'nonstop scam ads' after threatening to walk away from Twitter purchase over bots |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-criticizes-youtube-for-scam-ads-twitter-purchase-2022-6 |work=Business Insider}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Hsu |first1=Tiffany |title=Why Are You Seeing So Many Bad Digital Ads Now? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/11/technology/bad-digital-ads.html |access-date=26 June 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=11 February 2023}}
{{vanchor|25 May}}
5,000 marine species new to science are discovered in the Clipperton fracture zone, a proposed deep sea mining hotspot in the Pacific Ocean.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=25 May 2023 |title=Meet the 'gummy squirrel' and thousands of other newly discovered deep-sea species – in pictures |work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2023/may/25/meet-the-gummy-squirrel-and-thousands-of-other-newly-discovered-deep-sea-species-in-pictures |access-date=25 May 2023}}
Explainable deep learning is used to develop an experimental antibiotic called abaucin, which is shown to be effective against A. baumannii.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=25 May 2023 |title=New superbug-killing antibiotic discovered using AI |publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-65709834 |access-date=25 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Liu |first1=Gary |last2=Catacutan |first2=Denise B. |last3=Rathod |first3=Khushi |last4=Swanson |first4=Kyle |last5=Jin |first5=Wengong |last6=Mohammed |first6=Jody C. |last7=Chiappino-Pepe |first7=Anush |last8=Syed |first8=Saad A. |last9=Fragis |first9=Meghan |last10=Rachwalski |first10=Kenneth |last11=Magolan |first11=Jakob |last12=Surette |first12=Michael G. |last13=Coombes |first13=Brian K. |last14=Jaakkola |first14=Tommi |last15=Barzilay |first15=Regina |last16=Collins |first16=James J. |last17=Stokes |first17=Jonathan M. |title=Deep learning-guided discovery of an antibiotic targeting Acinetobacter baumannii |journal=Nature Chemical Biology |date=25 May 2023 |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=1342–1350 |doi=10.1038/s41589-023-01349-8 |pmid=37231267 |s2cid=258909341 |language=en |issn=1552-4469}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |date=25 May 2023 |title=Scientists use AI to find promising new antibiotic to fight evasive hospital superbug |publisher=McMaster University|url=https://brighterworld.mcmaster.ca/articles/artificial-intelligence-new-antibiotic-drug-resistant-pathogen-acinetobacter-baumannii/ |access-date=25 May 2023}}
Evidence for the existence of a second Kuiper Belt is presented by NASA scientists, which the New Horizons spacecraft could potentially visit during the late 2020s or early 2030s.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=25 May 2023 |title=There May Be A Second Kuiper Belt, And New Horizons Is Headed There |work=SpaceRef|url=https://spaceref.com/science-and-exploration/second-kuiper-belt-new-horizons-headed |access-date=28 May 2023}}
A study reports observational evidence for problematic fast slowdown of the Antarctic bottom water current.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Lu |first1=Donna |title=Slowing ocean current caused by melting Antarctic ice could have drastic climate impact, study says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/may/25/slowing-ocean-current-caused-by-melting-antarctic-ice-could-have-drastic-climate-impact-study-says |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=25 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Gunn |first1=Kathryn L. |last2=Rintoul |first2=Stephen R. |last3=England |first3=Matthew H. |last4=Bowen |first4=Melissa M. |title=Recent reduced abyssal overturning and ventilation in the Australian Antarctic Basin |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=June 2023 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=537–544 |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01667-8 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13..537G |language=en |issn=1758-6798|doi-access=free}}
Neuroengineers demonstrate induction of a torpor-like state in mice via ultrasound stimulation.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Willingham |first1=Emily |title=Ultrasound Puts Animals into a Curious Hibernation-Like State |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ultrasound-puts-animals-into-a-curious-hibernationlike-state/ |access-date=23 June 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Yang |first1=Yaoheng |last2=Yuan |first2=Jinyun |last3=Field |first3=Rachael L. |last4=Ye |first4=Dezhuang |last5=Hu |first5=Zhongtao |last6=Xu |first6=Kevin |last7=Xu |first7=Lu |last8=Gong |first8=Yan |last9=Yue |first9=Yimei |last10=Kravitz |first10=Alexxai V. |last11=Bruchas |first11=Michael R. |last12=Cui |first12=Jianmin |last13=Brestoff |first13=Jonathan R. |last14=Chen |first14=Hong |title=Induction of a torpor-like hypothermic and hypometabolic state in rodents by ultrasound |journal=Nature Metabolism |date=May 2023 |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=789–803 |doi=10.1038/s42255-023-00804-z |pmid=37231250 |pmc=10229429 |language=en |issn=2522-5812}}
{{vanchor|29 May}}
A new record high efficiency of 19.3% for organic solar cells is reported.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=25 May 2023 |title=PolyU researchers achieve record 19.31% efficiency with organic solar cells|work=Hong Kong Polytechnic University|url=https://www.polyu.edu.hk/rio/news/2023/20230529---polyu-researchers-achieve-record-1931-efficiency/ |access-date=7 June 2023}}
MBR Explorer is announced by the United Arab Emirates Space Agency, an uncrewed mission to explore seven asteroids, which includes an attempted surface landing on 269 Justitia in 2034.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Touring Through the Asteroid Belt: United Arab Emirates Unveils Bold Mission |url=https://spaceref.com/science-and-exploration/touring-asteroid-belt-united-arab-emirates-unveils-bold-mission/ |date=29 May 2023 |work=SpaceRef |access-date=14 June 2023 }}
Scientists provide details of H5N1 bird flu's fast viral evolution of clade 2.3.4.4b including reassortment after "explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds", with relevance to measures such as existing candidate vaccines.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kandeil |first1=Ahmed |last2=Patton |first2=Christopher |last3=Jones |first3=Jeremy C. |last4=Jeevan |first4=Trushar |last5=Harrington |first5=Walter N. |last6=Trifkovic |first6=Sanja |last7=Seiler |first7=Jon P. |last8=Fabrizio |first8=Thomas |last9=Woodard |first9=Karlie |last10=Turner |first10=Jasmine C. |last11=Crumpton |first11=Jeri-Carol |last12=Miller |first12=Lance |last13=Rubrum |first13=Adam |last14=DeBeauchamp |first14=Jennifer |last15=Russell |first15=Charles J. |last16=Govorkova |first16=Elena A. |last17=Vogel |first17=Peter |last18=Kim-Torchetti |first18=Mia |last19=Berhane |first19=Yohannes |last20=Stallknecht |first20=David |last21=Poulson |first21=Rebecca |last22=Kercher |first22=Lisa |last23=Webby |first23=Richard J. |title=Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America |journal=Nature Communications |date=29 May 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=3082 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-38415-7 |pmid=37248261 |pmc=10227026 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.3082K |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|31 May}}
The first X-ray of a single atom is reported.{{#invoke:Cite |news |date=31 May 2023 |title=Scientists' report world's first X-ray of a single atom|work=Ohio University via Phys.org|url=https://phys.org/news/2023-05-scientists-world-x-ray-atom.html |access-date=2 June 2023}}
An international study, using modelling and literature assessment, codifies, integrates into and quantifies "safe and just Earth system boundaries" (ESBs) with the context of Earth system stability and minimization of human harm. They expand upon earlier boundary frameworks by incorporating concepts such as intra- and [[intergenerational justice, propose that their framework may better enable a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons, and report many of the ESBs are already exceeded.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Bisset |first1=Victoria |last2=Francis |first2=Ellen |title=Scientists ran a health check on the Earth – and the results are worrying |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2023/06/02/earth-commission-climate-pollution-limits/ |access-date=22 June 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=2 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Rockström |first1=Johan |last2=Gupta |first2=Joyeeta |display-authors=et al. |title=Safe and just Earth system boundaries |journal=Nature |date=31 May 2023 |volume=619 |issue=7968 |pages=102–111 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06083-8 |pmid=37258676 |pmc=10322705 |bibcode=2023Natur.619..102R |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
Healthcare systems related results are published:{{globalize inline|date=June 2023}} large increases in medication prices via sustained decrease in their use can cause poorer disease control (8 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Ly |first1=Dan P. |last2=Giuriato |first2=Mia A. |last3=Song |first3=Zirui |title=Changes in Prescription Drug and Health Care Use Over 9 Years After the Large Drug Price Increase for Colchicine |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=8 May 2023 |volume=183 |issue=7 |pages=670–676 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0898|pmid=37155179 |pmc=10167599 }} widespread implementation of the particular Alzheimer's disease therapeutic solution lecanemab may increase annual U.S. Medicare spending by $2.0 to $5.1 billion (11 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Arbanas |first1=Julia Cave |last2=Damberg |first2=Cheryl L. |last3=Leng |first3=Mei |last4=Harawa |first4=Nina |last5=Sarkisian |first5=Catherine A. |last6=Landon |first6=Bruce E. |last7=Mafi |first7=John N. |title=Estimated Annual Spending on Lecanemab and Its Ancillary Costs in the US Medicare Program |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=11 May 2023 |volume=183 |issue=8 |pages=885–889 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1749 |pmid=37167598 |pmc=10176174 |issn=2168-6106 }}
News article about the study: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Gotkine |first1=Elana |title=Medicare spending would increase $2.0 to $5.1 billion with lecanemab, say researchers |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-05-medicare-billion-lecanemab.html |access-date=25 June 2023 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}} mailed HPV self-collection kits with scheduling assistance can lead to greater uptake of [[cervical cancer screening (11 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Pretsch |first1=Peyton K |last2=Spees |first2=Lisa P |last3=Brewer |first3=Noel T |last4=Hudgens |first4=Michael G |last5=Sanusi |first5=Busola |last6=Rohner |first6=Eliane |last7=Miller |first7=Elyse |last8=Jackson |first8=Sarah L |last9=Barclay |first9=Lynn |last10=Carter |first10=Alicia |last11=Wheeler |first11=Stephanie B |last12=Smith |first12=Jennifer S |title=Effect of HPV self-collection kits on cervical cancer screening uptake among under-screened women from low-income US backgrounds (MBMT-3): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial |journal=The Lancet Public Health |date=June 2023 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=e411–e421 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00076-2|pmid=37182529 |pmc=10283467 }} cost-related medication nonadherence occurs in approximately 1 in 5 older adults in the U.S. in 2022 (18 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Dusetzina |first1=Stacie B. |last2=Besaw |first2=Robert J. |last3=Whitmore |first3=Christine C. |last4=Mattingly |first4=T. Joseph II |last5=Sinaiko |first5=Anna D. |last6=Keating |first6=Nancy L. |last7=Everson |first7=Jordan |title=Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence and Desire for Medication Cost Information Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older in the US in 2022 |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=18 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=e2314211 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14211 |pmid=37200029 |pmc=10196872 |issn=2574-3805|doi-access=free}} and a QALY-based health economics study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of U.S. population-wide screening for CKD (23 May).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Cusick |first1=Marika M. |last2=Tisdale |first2=Rebecca L. |last3=Chertow |first3=Glenn M. |last4=Owens |first4=Douglas K. |last5=Goldhaber-Fiebert |first5=Jeremy D. |title=Population-Wide Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |date=June 2023 |volume=176 |issue=6 |pages=788–797 |doi=10.7326/M22-3228 |pmid=37216661 |pmc=11091494 |s2cid=258834225 |language=en |issn=0003-4819}}
Research on potential current public risk sources is published: the common DBP and BPAF appear to have "substantial impact on the integrity of the sperm nucleus and DNA structure" in mice via oxidative stress (5 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Hug |first1=Elisa |last2=Villeneuve |first2=Pauline |last3=Bravard |first3=Stephanie |last4=Chorfa |first4=Areski |last5=Damon-Soubeyrand |first5=Christelle |last6=Somkuti |first6=Stephen G. |last7=Moazamian |first7=Aron |last8=Aitken |first8=R. John |last9=Gharagozloo |first9=Parviz |last10=Drevet |first10=Joël R. |last11=Saez |first11=Fabrice |title=Loss of Nuclear/DNA Integrity in Mouse Epididymal Spermatozoa after Short-Term Exposure to Low Doses of Dibutyl Phthalate or Bisphenol AF and Its Mitigation by Oral Antioxidant Supplementation |journal=Antioxidants |date=May 2023 |volume=12 |issue=5 |page=1046 |doi=10.3390/antiox12051046 |pmid=37237912 |pmc=10215174 |language=en |issn=2076-3921|doi-access=free}} a preliminary study contextualizes "time spent on social media" as one of the "least influential factors in adolescent mental health" (8 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Panayiotou |first1=Margarita |last2=Black |first2=Louise |last3=Carmichael-Murphy |first3=Parise |last4=Qualter |first4=Pamela |last5=Humphrey |first5=Neil |title=Time spent on social media among the least influential factors in adolescent mental health: preliminary results from a panel network analysis |journal=Nature Mental Health |date=May 2023 |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=316–326 |doi=10.1038/s44220-023-00063-7 |s2cid=258570463 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s44220-023-00063-7 |language=en |issn=2731-6076}} ubiquitous environmental contaminant TCE appears to be a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) (15 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Goldman |first1=Samuel M. |last2=Weaver |first2=Frances M. |last3=Stroupe |first3=Kevin T. |last4=Cao |first4=Lishan |last5=Gonzalez |first5=Beverly |last6=Colletta |first6=Kalea |last7=Brown |first7=Ethan G. |last8=Tanner |first8=Caroline M. |title=Risk of Parkinson Disease Among Service Members at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune |journal=JAMA Neurology |date=15 May 2023 |volume=80 |issue=7 |pages=673–681 |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1168 |pmid=37184848 |pmc=10186205 |issn=2168-6149}}
News article about the study: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Christensen |first1=Jen |title=Veterans exposed to chemical at Camp Lejeune faced a 70% higher Parkinson's risk, study says |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/15/health/camp-lejeune-parkinsons-tce/index.html |access-date=25 June 2023 |publisher=CNN|date=15 May 2023 |language=en}} various pesticides are identified as potential risk factors for PD (16 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Paul |first1=Kimberly C. |last2=Krolewski |first2=Richard C. |last3=Lucumi Moreno |first3=Edinson |last4=Blank |first4=Jack |last5=Holton |first5=Kristina M. |last6=Ahfeldt |first6=Tim |last7=Furlong |first7=Melissa |last8=Yu |first8=Yu |last9=Cockburn |first9=Myles |last10=Thompson |first10=Laura K. |last11=Kreymerman |first11=Alexander |last12=Ricci-Blair |first12=Elisabeth M. |last13=Li |first13=Yu Jun |last14=Patel |first14=Heer B. |last15=Lee |first15=Richard T. |last16=Bronstein |first16=Jeff |last17=Rubin |first17=Lee L. |last18=Khurana |first18=Vikram |last19=Ritz |first19=Beate |title=A pesticide and iPSC dopaminergic neuron screen identifies and classifies Parkinson-relevant pesticides |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 May 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=2803 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-38215-z |pmid=37193692 |pmc=10188516 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.2803P |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
News article about the study: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=At Least 10 Pesticides Could Have Links to Parkinson's |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2023-05-19/at-least-10-pesticides-could-have-links-to-parkinsons |access-date=25 June 2023}} researchers demonstrate a two zero-day vulnerabilities-based quick low-cost method – "BrutePrint" – for bypassing common smartphones' fingerprint authentication (18 May),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Goodin |first1=Dan |title=Here's how long it takes new BrutePrint attack to unlock 10 different smartphones |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/05/hackers-can-brute-force-fingerprint-authentication-of-android-devices/ |access-date=25 June 2023 |work=Ars Technica |date=22 May 2023 |language=en-us}}{{cite arXiv|last1=Chen|first1=Yu|last2=He|first2=Yiling|title=BrutePrint: Expose Smartphone Fingerprint Authentication to Brute-force Attack|year=2023|class=cs.CR|eprint=2305.10791}} and common sucralose impurity sucralose-6-acetate appears to be DNA damaging with sucralose-sweetened drinks potentially far exceeding the threshold of toxicological concern (29 May).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Schiffman |first1=Susan S. |last2=Scholl |first2=Elizabeth H. |last3=Furey |first3=Terrence S. |last4=Nagle |first4=H. Troy |title=Toxicological and pharmacokinetic properties of sucralose-6-acetate and its parent sucralose: in vitro screening assays |journal=Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B |date=29 May 2023 |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=307–341 |doi=10.1080/10937404.2023.2213903 |pmid=37246822 |bibcode=2023JTEHB..26..307S |s2cid=258959574 |language=en |issn=1093-7404|doi-access=free }}
News article about the study: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Bello |first1=Abdul-Rahman Oladimeji |title=Sweetener alert: the chemical in common sweeteners damages DNA |url=https://interestingengineering.com/health/chemical-in-sweeteners-damages-dna |access-date=25 June 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=3 June 2023}}
{{vanchor|Innovations_May|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are demonstrated}}: an open source automated experimentation science platform (BacterAI) for predicting microbial metabolism {{Tooltip|with little data|Researchers clarified that "[l]ittle to no research has been conducted on roughly 90% of bacteria, and the amount of time and resources needed to learn even basic scientific information about them using conventional methods is daunting", suggesting that "[a]utomated experimentation can drastically speed up these discoveries". They claim that using the tool, they "ran up to 10,000 experiments in a single day".}} (4 May),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Verma |first1=Kavita |title=BacterAI: New AI system enables robots to conduct 10,000 scientific experiments a day |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/revolutionizing-scientific-experimentation-artificial-intelligence |access-date=25 June 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=5 May 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Dama |first1=Adam C. |last2=Kim |first2=Kevin S. |last3=Leyva |first3=Danielle M. |last4=Lunkes |first4=Annamarie P. |last5=Schmid |first5=Noah S. |last6=Jijakli |first6=Kenan |last7=Jensen |first7=Paul A. |title=BacterAI maps microbial metabolism without prior knowledge |journal=Nature Microbiology |date=June 2023 |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=1018–1025 |doi=10.1038/s41564-023-01376-0 |pmid=37142775 |s2cid=258508291 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370524322 |language=en |issn=2058-5276|url-access=subscription}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=AI could run a million microbial experiments per year |url=https://news.umich.edu/ai-could-run-a-million-microbial-experiments-per-year/ |access-date=25 June 2023 |publisher=University of Michigan News |date=4 May 2023}} a pesticide alternative against wheat seed loss (22 May),{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Camouflaging wheat with a wheat smell could be a new approach to pest control |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/camouflaging-wheat-smell-pest-control |access-date=25 June 2023 |work=Science News |date=13 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Parker |first1=Finn C. G. |last2=Price |first2=Catherine J. |last3=Bytheway |first3=Jenna P. |last4=Banks |first4=Peter B. |title=Olfactory misinformation reduces wheat seed loss caused by rodent pests |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=22 May 2023 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=1041–1044 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01127-3 |bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1041P |s2cid=258856025 |language=en |issn=2398-9629|doi-access=free }} a low-cost smartphone-attachment (BPClip) for blood pressure measurement (29 May),{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Ultra low-cost smartphone attachment measures blood pressure at home |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/06/ultra-low-cost-smartphone-attachment-measures-blood-pressure-at-home |access-date=26 June 2023 |work=Ars Technica |date=16 June 2023 |language=en-us}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Xuan |first1=Yinan |last2=Barry |first2=Colin |last3=De Souza |first3=Jessica |last4=Wen |first4=Jessica H. |last5=Antipa |first5=Nick |last6=Moore |first6=Alison A. |last7=Wang |first7=Edward J. |title=Ultra-low-cost mechanical smartphone attachment for no-calibration blood pressure measurement |journal=Scientific Reports |date=29 May 2023 |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=8105 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-34431-1 |pmid=37248245 |pmc=10227087 |bibcode=2023NatSR..13.8105X |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}} an open source transfer learning-based system (Geneformer){{#invoke:Cite |web |date=25 June 2023 |title=ctheodoris/Geneformer · Hugging Face |url=https://huggingface.co/ctheodoris/Geneformer |access-date=26 June 2023 |website=huggingface.co}} for predicting how networks of interconnected human genes control or affect the function of cells (31 May).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Theodoris |first1=Christina V. |last2=Xiao |first2=Ling |last3=Chopra |first3=Anant |last4=Chaffin |first4=Mark D. |last5=Al Sayed |first5=Zeina R. |last6=Hill |first6=Matthew C. |last7=Mantineo |first7=Helene |last8=Brydon |first8=Elizabeth M. |last9=Zeng |first9=Zexian |last10=Liu |first10=X. Shirley |last11=Ellinor |first11=Patrick T. |title=Transfer learning enables predictions in network biology |journal=Nature |date=June 2023 |volume=618 |issue=7965 |pages=616–624 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06139-9 |pmid=37258680 |pmc=10949956 |bibcode=2023Natur.618..616T |s2cid=259002047 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371175364|url-access=subscription |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
Lay summary: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Williams |first1=Sarah C. P. |title=Artificial intelligence system predicts consequences of gene modifications |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-05-artificial-intelligence-consequences-gene-modifications.html |access-date=25 June 2023 |work=Gladstone Institutes via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
Promising results of therapeutic candidates are reported: phase I trialed ultrasound BBB-opening device against brain cancer (1 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sonabend |first1=Adam M |last2=Gould |first2=Andrew |last3=Amidei |first3=Christina |last4=Ward |first4=Rachel |last5=Schmidt |first5=Karyn A |last6=Zhang |first6=Daniel Y |last7=Gomez |first7=Cristal |last8=Bebawy |first8=John F |last9=Liu |first9=Benjamin P |last10=Bouchoux |first10=Guillaume |last11=Desseaux |first11=Carole |last12=Helenowski |first12=Irene B |last13=Lukas |first13=Rimas V |last14=Dixit |first14=Karan |last15=Kumthekar |first15=Priya |last16=Arrieta |first16=Víctor A |last17=Lesniak |first17=Maciej S |last18=Carpentier |first18=Alexandre |last19=Zhang |first19=Hui |last20=Muzzio |first20=Miguel |last21=Canney |first21=Michael |last22=Stupp |first22=Roger |title=Repeated blood–brain barrier opening with an implantable ultrasound device for delivery of albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1 trial |journal=The Lancet Oncology |date=May 2023 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=509–522 |doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00112-2|pmid=37142373 |pmc=10256454 }} phase I trialed personalized mRNA vaccine against pancreatic cancer recurrence (10 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Rojas |first1=Luis A. |last2=Sethna |first2=Zachary |last3=Soares |first3=Kevin C. |last4=Olcese |first4=Cristina |display-authors=et al. |title=Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer |journal=Nature |date=June 2023 |volume=618 |issue=7963 |pages=144–150 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06063-y |pmid=37165196 |pmc=10171177 |bibcode=2023Natur.618..144R |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}} a novel antibiotic (Streptothricin F) against ABR bacteria (9 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Morgan |first1=Christopher E. |last2=Kang |first2=Yoon-Suk |last3=Green |first3=Alex B. |last4=Smith |first4=Kenneth P. |last5=Dowgiallo |first5=Matthew G. |last6=Miller |first6=Brandon C. |last7=Chiaraviglio |first7=Lucius |last8=Truelson |first8=Katherine A. |last9=Zulauf |first9=Katelyn E. |last10=Rodriguez |first10=Shade |last11=Kang |first11=Anthony D. |last12=Manetsch |first12=Roman |last13=Yu |first13=Edward W. |last14=Kirby |first14=James E. |title=Streptothricin F is a bactericidal antibiotic effective against highly drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria that interacts with the 30S subunit of the 70S ribosome |journal=PLOS Biology |date=16 May 2023 |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=e3002091 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002091 |pmid=37192172 |pmc=10187937 |language=en |issn=1545-7885|doi-access=free}} an e-skin for prosthetic sensing (18 May),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Wang |first1=Weichen |last2=Jiang |first2=Yuanwen |last3=Zhong |first3=Donglai |last4=Zhang |first4=Zhitao |last5=Choudhury |first5=Snehashis |last6=Lai |first6=Jian-Cheng |last7=Gong |first7=Huaxin |last8=Niu |first8=Simiao |last9=Yan |first9=Xuzhou |last10=Zheng |first10=Yu |last11=Shih |first11=Chien-Chung |last12=Ning |first12=Rui |last13=Lin |first13=Qing |last14=Li |first14=Deling |last15=Kim |first15=Yun-Hi |last16=Kim |first16=Jingwan |last17=Wang |first17=Yi-Xuan |last18=Zhao |first18=Chuanzhen |last19=Xu |first19=Chengyi |last20=Ji |first20=Xiaozhou |last21=Nishio |first21=Yuya |last22=Lyu |first22=Hao |last23=Tok |first23=Jeffrey B.-H. |last24=Bao |first24=Zhenan |title=Neuromorphic sensorimotor loop embodied by monolithically integrated, low-voltage, soft e-skin |journal=Science |date=19 May 2023 |volume=380 |issue=6646 |pages=735–742 |doi=10.1126/science.ade0086 |pmid=37200416 |bibcode=2023Sci...380..735W |s2cid=258765173 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}} two-dose JYNNEOS vaccine against mpox appears ~86%{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Dalton |first1=Alexandra F. |title=Estimated Effectiveness of JYNNEOS Vaccine in Preventing Mpox: A Multijurisdictional Case-Control Study – United States, August 19, 2022 – March 31, 2023 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=2023 |volume=72 |issue=20 |pages=553–558 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7220a3 |pmid=37200229 |pmc=10205167 |language=en-us |issn=0149-2195}} (19 May) or ~66%{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Deputy |first1=Nicholas P. |last2=Deckert |first2=Joseph |last3=Chard |first3=Anna N. |last4=Sandberg |first4=Neil |last5=Moulia |first5=Danielle L. |last6=Barkley |first6=Eric |last7=Dalton |first7=Alexandra F. |last8=Sweet |first8=Cory |last9=Cohn |first9=Amanda C. |last10=Little |first10=David R. |last11=Cohen |first11=Adam L. |last12=Sandmann |first12=Danessa |last13=Payne |first13=Daniel C. |last14=Gerhart |first14=Jacqueline L. |last15=Feldstein |first15=Leora R. |title=Vaccine Effectiveness of JYNNEOS against Mpox Disease in the United States |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |date=18 May 2023 |volume=388 |issue=26 |pages=2434–2443 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2215201 |pmid=37199451 |pmc=10962869 |s2cid=258764684 |language=en |issn=0028-4793}} (18 May) effective, and a xenografted mice-tested pan-KRAS-inhibitor against cancer (31 May).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kim |first1=Dongsung |last2=Herdeis |first2=Lorenz |last3=Rudolph |first3=Dorothea |last4=Zhao |first4=Yulei |last5=Böttcher |first5=Jark |last6=Vides |first6=Alberto |last7=Ayala-Santos |first7=Carlos I. |last8=Pourfarjam |first8=Yasin |last9=Cuevas-Navarro |first9=Antonio |last10=Xue |first10=Jenny Y. |last11=Mantoulidis |first11=Andreas |last12=Bröker |first12=Joachim |last13=Wunberg |first13=Tobias |last14=Schaaf |first14=Otmar |last15=Popow |first15=Johannes |last16=Wolkerstorfer |first16=Bernhard |last17=Kropatsch |first17=Katrin Gabriele |last18=Qu |first18=Rui |last19=de Stanchina |first19=Elisa |last20=Sang |first20=Ben |last21=Li |first21=Chuanchuan |last22=McConnell |first22=Darryl B. |last23=Kraut |first23=Norbert |last24=Lito |first24=Piro |title=Pan-KRAS inhibitor disables oncogenic signalling and tumour growth |journal=Nature |date=31 May 2023 |volume=619 |issue=7968 |pages=160–166 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06123-3 |pmid=37258666 |pmc=10322706 |bibcode=2023Natur.619..160K |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}

=June=

File:1978- Antarctic sea ice extent - Purich and Doddridge.png

{{vanchor|1 June}} – Caltech reports the first successful beaming of solar energy from space down to a receiver on the ground, via the MAPLE instrument on its SSPD-1 spacecraft, launched into orbit in January.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=In a First, Caltech's Space Solar Power Demonstrator Wirelessly Transmits Power in Space |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/in-a-first-caltechs-space-solar-power-demonstrator-wirelessly-transmits-power-in-space |date=1 June 2023 |work=Caltech |access-date=9 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Scientists demonstrate wireless power transmission from space to Earth for first time |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/space/space-earth-wireless-power-beamed-b2353588.html |date=8 June 2023 |work=The Independent|access-date=9 June 2023 }}
{{vanchor|2 June}} – Physicist Lucas Lombriser proposes {{tooltip|a controversial alternative way|in this hypothesis the universe isn't expanding but static with a fluctuating field changing the masses of the particles and being the cause of cosmological constant variations}} of interpreting the available scientific data which suggests that the notion of an expanding universe may be more a "mirage" than otherwise.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Lea |first=Robert |title=The expansion of the universe could be a mirage, new theoretical study suggests – New research looking at the cosmological constant problem suggests the expansion of the universe could be an illusion. |url=https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/dark-energy/the-expansion-of-the-universe-could-be-a-mirage-new-theoretical-study-suggests |date=20 June 2023 |work=Live Science |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230620205854/https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/dark-energy/the-expansion-of-the-universe-could-be-a-mirage-new-theoretical-study-suggests |archive-date=20 June 2023 |access-date=20 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last=Lombriser |first=Lucas |author-link=Lucas Lombriser |title=Cosmology in Minkowski space |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6382/acdb41 |date=2 June 2023 |journal=Classical and Quantum Gravity|volume=40 |issue=15 |page=155005 |doi=10.1088/1361-6382/acdb41 |arxiv=2306.16868 |bibcode=2023CQGra..40o5005L |s2cid=259056021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230620211220/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6382/acdb41 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |access-date=20 June 2023 }}
{{vanchor|5 June}}
Scientists report {{tooltip|potential|it is reported to be a controversial theory with some experts noting that the evidence did not yet support these "extraordinary conclusions" and "could have a range of other explanations"}} evidence that Homo naledi, an extinct species of small-brained archaic human discovered in 2013 in South Africa, and living as long as 500,000 years ago, buried their dead, created art in their caves and used fire.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Zimmer |title=Ancient Human Relatives Buried Their Dead in Caves, New Theory Claims – Homo naledi, despite having tiny brains, may have lit fires and decorated walls around the graves of their dead, according to controversial new research. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/05/science/ancient-humans-homo-naledi-buried-dead.html |date=5 June 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230605183811/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/05/science/ancient-humans-homo-naledi-buried-dead.html |archive-date=5 June 2023 |access-date=5 June 2023 }}{{cite bioRxiv|author-link1=Lee Berger (paleoanthropologist)|last1=Berger|first1=Lee R.|last2=Hawks|first2=John|last3=Fuentes|first3=Agustin|last4=Van Rooyen|first4=Dirk|last5=Tsikoane|first5=Mathabela|last6=Ramalepa|first6=Maropeng|last7=Nkwe|first7=Samuel|last8=Molopyane|first8=Keneiloe|title=241,000 to 335,000 Years Old Rock Engravings Made by Homo naledi in the Rising Star Cave system, South Africa|biorxiv=10.1101/2023.06.01.543133|date=5 June 2023}}{{cite bioRxiv|author-link6=Lee Berger (paleoanthropologist)|last1=Fuentes|first1=Agustin|last2=Kissel|first2=Marc|last3=Spikins|first3=Penny|last4=Molopyane|first4=Keneiloe|last5=Hawks|first5=John|last6=Berger|first6=Lee R.|title=Burials and engravings in a small-brained hominin, Homo naledi , from the late Pleistocene: contexts and evolutionary implications|biorxiv=10.1101/2023.06.01.543135|date=5 June 2023}}
A 'chef' robot developed is trained to watch and learn from cooking videos, and recreate dishes itself.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Robot 'chef' learns to recreate recipes from watching food videos|url=https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/robot-chef-learns-to-recreate-recipes-from-watching-food-videos |date=5 June 2023 |publisher=University of Cambridge |access-date=8 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sochacki |first1=Grzegorz |last2=Abdulali |first2=Arsen |last3=Hosseini |first3=Narges Khadem |last4=Iida |first4=Fumiya |title=Recognition of Human Chef's Intentions for Incremental Learning of Cookbook by Robotic Salad Chef |journal=IEEE Access |date=2023 |volume=11 |pages=57006–57020 |doi=10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3276234 |bibcode=2023IEEEA..1157006S |issn=2169-3536|doi-access=free}}
A first global estimate suggests that an equivalent of ~36% of current annual {{CO2}} emissions from fossil fuels is stored by soil mycelium of mycorrhizal fungi yearly.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Analysis {{!}} Vast Networks of Fungi May Hold Key to Climate Fight |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/energy/2023/06/06/mushrooms-may-hold-the-secret-to-solving-the-climate-crisis/9bcb25b0-0479-11ee-b74a-5bdd335d4fa2_story.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=6 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Hawkins |first1=Heidi-Jayne |last2=Cargill |first2=Rachael I.M. |last3=Van Nuland |first3=Michael E. |last4=Hagen |first4=Stephen C. |last5=Field |first5=Katie J. |last6=Sheldrake |first6=Merlin |last7=Soudzilovskaia |first7=Nadejda A. |last8=Kiers |first8=E. Toby |title=Mycorrhizal mycelium as a global carbon pool |journal=Current Biology |date=June 2023 |volume=33 |issue=11 |pages=R560–R573 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.027|pmid=37279689 |s2cid=259078574 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023CBio...33R.560H |hdl=1942/40689 |hdl-access=free }}
{{vanchor|6 June}} – A study finds that the first complete disappearance of Arctic sea ice could occur during the 2030s, a decade earlier than previously forecast.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Arctic Summer Could Be Practically Sea-Ice-Free by the 2030s|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/06/climate/arctic-sea-ice-melting.html?smid=tw-share |date=6 June 2023 |work=The New York Times |access-date=7 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Observationally-constrained projections of an ice-free Arctic even under a low emission scenario|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38511-8 |date=6 June 2023 |work=Nature |access-date=7 June 2023 }}
{{vanchor|7 June}} – Scientists report a new mechanism of central nervous system viral diseases including COVID-19 – fusion of brain cells.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=COVID-19 virus can cause brain cells to fuse, may explain 'brain fog' |url=https://newatlas.com/medical/covid-19-fuses-brain-cells-explains-brain-fog/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=New Atlas |date=8 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Martínez-Mármol |first1=Ramón |last2=Giordano-Santini |first2=Rosina |last3=Kaulich |first3=Eva |last4=Cho |first4=Ann-Na |last5=Przybyla |first5=Magdalena |last6=Riyadh |first6=Md Asrafuzzaman |last7=Robinson |first7=Emilija |last8=Chew |first8=Keng Yih |last9=Amor |first9=Rumelo |last10=Meunier |first10=Frédéric A. |last11=Balistreri |first11=Giuseppe |last12=Short |first12=Kirsty R. |last13=Ke |first13=Yazi D. |last14=Ittner |first14=Lars M. |last15=Hilliard |first15=Massimo A. |title=SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral fusogens cause neuronal and glial fusion that compromises neuronal activity |journal=Science Advances |date=9 June 2023 |volume=9 |issue=23 |pages=eadg2248 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adg2248 |pmid=37285437 |pmc=10246911 |bibcode=2023SciA....9G2248M |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|8 June}}
US scientists confirm that the next El Niño has begun, likely resulting in higher global temperatures in late 2023 and into 2024.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=El Niño planet-warming weather phase has begun|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-65839060 |date=8 June 2023 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=8 June 2023 }} Various statistics show the year is unusual and climate change is already having significant impacts such as an Antarctic sea ice extent anomaly{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=Current State of Sea Ice Cover |url=https://earth.gsfc.nasa.gov/cryo/data/current-state-sea-ice-cover |publisher=NASA}} and record-high ocean surface temperatures.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Ramirez |first1=Rachel |title=Four alarming charts that show just how extreme the climate is right now |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/17/world/four-climate-charts-extreme-weather-heat-oceans/index.html |access-date=27 July 2023 |publisher=CNN|date=17 June 2023 |language=en}}
Taurine given to a range of animal species is found to boost health and extend lifespan by up to 12%.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Taurine may extend life and health, scientists find|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-65810138 |date=8 June 2023 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=8 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title= Taurine may be a key to longer and healthier life |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/990909 |date=8 June 2023 |work=EurekAlert! |access-date=8 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Singh |first1=Parminder |last2=Gollapalli |first2=Kishore |display-authors=et al. |title=Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging |journal=Science |date=9 June 2023 |volume=380 |issue=6649 |pages=eabn9257 |doi=10.1126/science.abn9257 |pmid=37289866 |pmc=10630957 |s2cid=259112394 |language=en |issn=0036-8075 }}
{{vanchor|12 June}} – A time-use study provides the first comprehensive bird's-eye view of what humans currently spend their time on. The "global human day" {{tooltip|framework|the study integrates "data from hundreds of diverse datasets" – economic and noneconomic data – into one consistent framework}} enables better understanding, across fields of research, of the global human system in contexts such as technological change, civilization sustainability, global challenges or goals, societal changes, and economic time allocation. It identifies some factors of variations and activities "for which there is significant potential for change".{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=This is what the average human day looks like. How do Australians compare? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2023-06-13/day-in-the-life-of-average-human-in-21st-century/102456844 |access-date=26 July 2023 |publisher=ABC News|location=Australia |date=12 June 2023 |language=en-AU}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Fajzel |first1=William |last2=Galbraith |first2=Eric D. |last3=Barrington-Leigh |first3=Christopher |last4=Charmes |first4=Jacques |last5=Frie |first5=Elena |last6=Hatton |first6=Ian |last7=Le Mézo |first7=Priscilla |last8=Milo |first8=Ron |last9=Minor |first9=Kelton |last10=Wan |first10=Xinbei |last11=Xia |first11=Veronica |last12=Xu |first12=Shirley |title=The global human day |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=20 June 2023 |volume=120 |issue=25 |pages=e2219564120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2219564120 |doi-access=free |pmid=37307470 |pmc=10288543 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12019564F |language=en |issn=0027-8424}}
{{vanchor|14 June}}
Teams of researchers report creations of synthetic human model embryos from stem cells, without the need for sperm or egg cells {{Crossreference|(see also 1 August 2022)}}, challenging legal, ethical, and biological concepts.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Synthetic human embryos created in groundbreaking advance |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jun/14/synthetic-human-embryos-created-in-groundbreaking-advance|work=The Guardian|date=14 June 2023|access-date=14 June 2023|first=Hannah|last=Devlin}}{{cite magazine|last1=Ball|first1=Philip|title='Embryo Models' Challenge the Legal, Ethical, and Biological Concepts of an 'Embryo'|url=https://www.wired.com/story/embryo-models-challenge-the-legal-ethical-and-biological-concepts-of-an-embryo/|access-date=27 July 2023|magazine=Wired}}
Scientists report evidence that the planet Earth may have formed in just three million years, much faster than the 100 million years thought earlier.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Patel |first=Kasha |title=Scientists have a controversial theory for how – and how fast – Earth formed |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/06/16/earth-formation-pebble-accretion-theory/ |date=16 June 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post|url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230617115127/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/06/16/earth-formation-pebble-accretion-theory/ |archive-date=17 June 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Onyett, Isaac J. |display-authors=et al.|title=Silicon isotope constraints on terrestrial planet accretion |date=14 June 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=619 |issue=7970 |pages=539–544 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06135-z |pmid=37316662 |pmc=10356600 |bibcode=2023Natur.619..539O }}
Astronomers report that the presence of phosphates on Enceladus, a moon of the planet Saturn, has been detected, completing the discovery of all the basic chemical ingredients for life on the moon.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Miller |first=Katrina |title=A 'Soda Ocean' on a Moon of Saturn Has All the Ingredients for Life – Using data from the Cassini spacecraft, scientists discovered the presence of phosphates on icy Enceladus. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/14/science/enceladus-phosphorus-life.html |date=14 June 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230614152021/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/14/science/enceladus-phosphorus-life.html |archive-date=14 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Postberg, Frank |display-authors=et al. |title=Detection of phosphates originating from Enceladus's ocean |date=14 June 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=618 |issue=7965 |pages=489–493 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05987-9 |pmid=37316718 |pmc=10266972 |bibcode=2023Natur.618..489P |doi-access=free }}
IBM computer scientists report that a quantum computer produced better results for a physics problem than a conventional supercomputer.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Quantum Computing Advance Begins New Era, IBM Says – A quantum computer came up with better answers to a physics problem than a conventional supercomputer. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/14/science/ibm-quantum-computing.html |date=14 June 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230614151835/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/14/science/ibm-quantum-computing.html |archive-date=14 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Kim, Youngseok |display-authors=et al. |title=Evidence for the utility of quantum computing before fault tolerance |date=14 June 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=618 |issue=7965 |pages=500–505 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06096-3 |pmid=37316724 |pmc=10266970 |bibcode=2023Natur.618..500K }}
A machine learning model is trained to recognise the key features of chemicals with senolytic activity. It finds three chemicals – ginkgetin, periplocin and oleandrin – able to remove senescent cells without damaging healthy cells.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Smer-Barreto |first1=Vanessa |last2=Quintanilla |first2=Andrea |last3=Elliott |first3=Richard J. R. |last4=Dawson |first4=John C. |last5=Sun |first5=Jiugeng |last6=Campa |first6=Víctor M. |last7=Lorente-Macías |first7=Álvaro |last8=Unciti-Broceta |first8=Asier |last9=Carragher |first9=Neil O. |last10=Acosta |first10=Juan Carlos |last11=Oyarzún |first11=Diego A. |title=Discovery of senolytics using machine learning |journal=Nature Communications |date=10 June 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=3445 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39120-1 |pmid=37301862 |pmc=10257182 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.3445S |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=AI algorithms find drugs that could combat ageing |url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2023/ai-algorithms-find-drugs-that-could-combat-ageing|publisher=University of Edinburgh|date=14 June 2023|access-date=16 June 2023}}
{{vanchor|16 June}} – Researchers report an fMRI study (31 May) that {{tooltip|identifies|they find information flow in the areas "left precuneus, occipital cortex, temporal and right superior parietal [...] might be the most important contributors to conscious information processing"}} circuitries and changes which may be crucial for consciousness in humans – or the loss and the recovery thereof in disorders of consciousness e.g. in coma patients.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Panda |first1=Rajanikant |last2=López-González |first2=Ane |last3=Gilson |first3=Matthieu |last4=Gosseries |first4=Olivia |last5=Thibaut |first5=Aurore |last6=Frasso |first6=Gianluca |last7=Cecconi |first7=Benedetta |last8=Escrichs |first8=Anira |last9=Deco |first9=Gustavo |last10=Laureys |first10=Steven |last11=Zamora-López |first11=Gorka |last12=Annen |first12=Jitka |title=Whole-brain analyses indicate the impairment of posterior integration and thalamo-frontotemporal broadcasting in disorders of consciousness |journal=Human Brain Mapping |date=August 2023 |volume=44 |issue=11 |pages=4352–4371 |doi=10.1002/hbm.26386 |pmid=37254960 |pmc=10318246 |language=en |issn=1065-9471}}
Human Brain Project press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Brain modeling identifies circuits implicated in consciousness |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-06-brain-circuits-implicated-consciousness.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=Human Brain Project via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
{{vanchor|17 June}} – Researchers report that a single gas-stove burner can raise the indoor concentrations of benzene, related to cancer risk, to more than that found in secondhand tobacco smoke.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Tabuchi |first=Hiroko |author-link=Hiroko Tabuchi |title=Study Compares Gas Stove Pollution to Secondhand Cigarette Smoke |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/17/climate/gas-stoves-benzene-cigarettes.html |date=17 June 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230618013942/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/17/climate/gas-stoves-benzene-cigarettes.html |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=21 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kashtan |first1=Yannai S. |last2=Nicholson |first2=Metta |last3=Finnegan |first3=Colin |last4=Ouyang |first4=Zutao |last5=Lebel |first5=Eric D. |last6=Michanowicz |first6=Drew R. |last7=Shonkoff |first7=Seth B.C. |last8=Jackson |first8=Robert B. |title=Gas and Propane Combustion from Stoves Emits Benzene and Increases Indoor Air Pollution |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |date=4 July 2023 |volume=57 |issue=26 |pages=9653–9663 |doi=10.1021/acs.est.2c09289 |pmid=37319002 |pmc=10324305 |bibcode=2023EnST...57.9653K |language=en |issn=0013-936X}}
{{vanchor|19 June}} – Researchers review research on the substantial links between social isolation (HR ~1.32){{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Naito |first1=Ryo |last2=McKee |first2=Martin |last3=Leong |first3=Darryl |last4=Bangdiwala |first4=Shrikant |last5=Rangarajan |first5=Sumathy |last6=Islam |first6=Shofiqul |last7=Yusuf |first7=Salim |title=Social isolation as a risk factor for all-cause mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies |journal=PLOS ONE |date=12 January 2023 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=e0280308 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0280308 |pmid=36634152 |pmc=9836313 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1880308N |language=en |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}} and loneliness (HR ~1.14) and mortality.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Rogers |first1=Kristen |title=Loneliness or social isolation linked to serious health outcomes, study finds |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2023/6/20/loneliness-social-isolation-health-effects.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |publisher=CNN|language=en |archive-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726132220/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2023/6/20/loneliness-social-isolation-health-effects.html }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Wang |first1=Fan |last2=Gao |first2=Yu |last3=Han |first3=Zhen |last4=Yu |first4=Yue |last5=Long |first5=Zhiping |last6=Jiang |first6=Xianchen |last7=Wu |first7=Yi |last8=Pei |first8=Bing |last9=Cao |first9=Yukun |last10=Ye |first10=Jingyu |last11=Wang |first11=Maoqing |last12=Zhao |first12=Yashuang |title=A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |date=19 June 2023 |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=1307–1319 |doi=10.1038/s41562-023-01617-6 |pmid=37337095 |s2cid=259199394 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371698733 |language=en |issn=2397-3374}}
{{vanchor|21 June}} – The first successful transplant of a functional cryopreserved mammalian kidney is reported. The study demonstrates a "nanowarming" technique for vitrification for up-to-100 days preservation of transplant organs.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Researchers perform first successful transplant of functional cryopreserved rat kidney |url=https://twin-cities.umn.edu/news-events/first-successful-transplant-functional-cryopreserved-rat-kidney|publisher=University of Minnesota|date=22 June 2023|access-date=25 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Han |first1=Zonghu |last2=Rao |first2=Joseph Sushil |last3=Gangwar |first3=Lakshya |last4=Namsrai |first4=Bat-Erdene |last5=Pasek-Allen |first5=Jacqueline L. |last6=Etheridge |first6=Michael L. |last7=Wolf |first7=Susan M. |last8=Pruett |first8=Timothy L. |last9=Bischof |first9=John C. |last10=Finger |first10=Erik B. |title=Vitrification and nanowarming enable long-term organ cryopreservation and life-sustaining kidney transplantation in a rat model |journal=Nature Communications |date=9 June 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=3407 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-38824-8 |pmid=37296144 |pmc=10256770 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.3407H |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|22 June}} – A study projects that by 2050, the worldwide number of adults with diabetes will more than double, from 529 million to over 1.3 billion. No country is expected to see a decline.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=More than 1.3bn adults will have diabetes by 2050, study predicts |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/22/more-than-13bn-adults-will-have-diabetes-by-2050-study-predicts|work=The Guardian|date=22 June 2023|access-date=23 June 2023|first=Andrew|last=Gregory}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Global diabetes cases to soar from 529 million to 1.3 billion by 2050 |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/993295|work=EurekAlert!|date=22 June 2023|access-date=23 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Ong |first1=Kanyin Liane |last2=Stafford |first2=Lauryn K |display-authors=et al.|title=Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |journal=The Lancet |date=July 2023 |volume=402 |issue=10397 |pages=203–234 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6|pmid=37356446 |pmc=10364581 |doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|26 June}}
Retatrutide, an experimental drug against obesity, is shown to achieve a more than 24% mean weight reduction in human adults during a Phase 2 trial.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Lilly's phase 2 retatrutide results published in The New England Journal of Medicine show the investigational molecule achieved up to 17.5% mean weight reduction at 24 weeks in adults with obesity and overweight |url=https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-phase-2-retatrutide-results-published-new-england-journal|work=Eli Lilly|date=26 June 2023|access-date=3 July 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Eli Lilly experimental obesity drug could beat rivals in total weight loss for patients |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/26/eli-lilly-obesity-drug-helped-patients-lose-weight.html|work=CNBC|date=26 June 2023|access-date=3 July 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Jastreboff |first1=Ania M. |last2=Kaplan |first2=Lee M. |last3=Frías |first3=Juan P. |last4=Wu |first4=Qiwei |last5=Du |first5=Yu |last6=Gurbuz |first6=Sirel |last7=Coskun |first7=Tamer |last8=Haupt |first8=Axel |last9=Milicevic |first9=Zvonko |last10=Hartman |first10=Mark L. |title=Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity – A Phase 2 Trial |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |date=26 June 2023 |volume=389 |issue=6 |pages=514–526 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2301972 |pmid=37366315 |s2cid=259260926 |language=en |issn=0028-4793}}
Astronomers detect, for the first time, methenium, CH₃⁺ (and/or carbon cation, C⁺), basic ingredients of life as we know it, in interstellar space.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Sauers |first=Elisha |title=Webb telescope just found something unprecedented in the Orion Nebula – Astronomers are excited about the detection of a special molecule in space.|url=https://mashable.com/article/james-webb-space-telescope-orion-nebula |date=27 June 2023 |work=Mashable |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230627153343/https://mashable.com/article/james-webb-space-telescope-orion-nebula |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Berne, Olivier |display-authors=et al. |title=Formation of the Methyl Cation by Photochemistry in a Protoplanetary Disk |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06307-x |date=26 June 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=621 |issue=7977 |pages=56–59 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06307-x |pmid=37364766 |arxiv=2401.03296 |bibcode=2023Natur.621...56B |hdl=1887/3716674 |s2cid=259260435 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230627160651/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06307 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |access-date=27 June 2023 }}
{{vanchor|28 June}}
Astronomers report the possible detection of a gravitational wave background (GWB) in the Universe.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Miller |first=Katrina |title=The Cosmos Is Thrumming With Gravitational Waves, Astronomers Find – Radio telescopes around the world picked up a telltale hum reverberating across the cosmos, most likely from supermassive black holes merging in the early universe. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/28/science/astronomy-gravitational-waves-nanograv.html |date=28 June 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230629103509/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/28/science/astronomy-gravitational-waves-nanograv.html |archive-date=29 June 2023 |access-date=29 June 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Agazie |first1=Gabriella |last2=Anumarlapudi |first2=Akash |last3=Archibald |first3=Anne M. |last4=Arzoumanian |first4=Zaven |last5=Baker |first5=Paul T. |last6=Bécsy |first6=Bence |last7=Blecha |first7=Laura |last8=Brazier |first8=Adam |last9=Brook |first9=Paul R. |last10=Burke-Spolaor |first10=Sarah |last11=Burnette |first11=Rand |last12=Case |first12=Robin |last13=Charisi |first13=Maria |last14=Chatterjee |first14=Shami |last15=Chatziioannou |first15=Katerina |date=June 2023 |title=The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |language=en |volume=951 |issue=1 |pages=L8 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acdac6 |arxiv=2306.16213 |bibcode=2023ApJ...951L...8A |s2cid=259274684 |issn=2041-8205 |doi-access=free}}
A study with controlling finds substantial links between reading for pleasure during childhood and later cognition.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Children who start reading for pleasure early had better academics, mental health as teens: study |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/lifestyle/children-who-start-reading-for-pleasure-early-had-better-academics-mental-health-as-teens-study-1.6464803 |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=CTVNews |date=2 July 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sun |first1=Yun-Jun |last2=Sahakian |first2=Barbara J. |last3=Langley |first3=Christelle |last4=Yang |first4=Anyi |last5=Jiang |first5=Yuchao |last6=Kang |first6=Jujiao |last7=Zhao |first7=Xingming |last8=Li |first8=Chunhe |last9=Cheng |first9=Wei |last10=Feng |first10=Jianfeng |title=Early-initiated childhood reading for pleasure: associations with better cognitive performance, mental well-being and brain structure in young adolescence |journal=Psychological Medicine |date=28 June 2023 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=359–373 |doi=10.1017/S0033291723001381 |pmid=37376848 |language=en |issn=0033-2917|doi-access=free}}
Researchers report in a preprint the CRISPR alternative fanzor naturally present in eukaryotes with several potential advantages over CRISPR in genome editing, notably smaller size and higher selectiveness.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Heidt |first1=Amanda |title=Meet ',' the 1st CRISPR-like system found in complex life |url=https://www.livescience.com/health/genetics/meet--the-1st-crispr-like-system-found-in-complex-life |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=livescience.com |date=30 June 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author-link10=Feng Zhang |last1=Saito |first1=Makoto |last2=Xu |first2=Peiyu |last3=Faure |first3=Guilhem |last4=Maguire |first4=Samantha |last5=Kannan |first5=Soumya |last6=Altae-Tran |first6=Han |last7=Vo |first7=Sam |last8=Desimone |first8=AnAn |last9=Macrae |first9=Rhiannon K. |last10=Zhang |first10=Feng |title= is a eukaryotic programmable RNA-guided endonuclease |journal=Nature |date=28 June 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7974 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06356-2 |pmid=37380027 |pmc=10432273 |bibcode=2023Natur.620..660S |s2cid=259286102 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free }} A separate team further demonstrates in a preprint (14 June) the potential of this class of genome editors.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Eukaryotes Have CRISPR-Like Systems That Can Edit Genomes, MIT Teams Report |url=https://www.genomeweb.com/gene-editing-gene-silencing-crispr/eukaryotes-have-crispr-systems-can-edit-genomes-mit-teams-report |access-date=26 July 2023 |work=GenomeWeb |date=28 June 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Kaiyi |last2=Lim |first2=Justin |last3=Sgrizzi |first3=Samantha |last4=Trinh |first4=Michael |last5=Kayabolen |first5=Alisan |last6=Yutin |first6=Natalya |last7=Bao |first7=Weidong |last8=Kato |first8=Kazuki |last9=Koonin |first9=Eugene V. |last10=Gootenberg |first10=Jonathan S. |last11=Abudayyeh |first11=Omar O. |date=29 September 2023 |title=Programmable RNA-guided DNA endonucleases are widespread in eukaryotes and their viruses |journal=Science Advances |volume=9 |issue=39 |pages=eadk0171 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adk0171 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=10530073 |pmid=37756409|bibcode=2023SciA....9K.171J }}
{{vanchor|29 June}} – Astronomers report using a new technique to detect, for the first time, the release of neutrinos from the galactic plane of the Milky Way galaxy.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Neutrinos Build a Ghostly Map of the Milky Way – Astronomers for the first time detected neutrinos that originated within our local galaxy using a new technique. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/science/neutrinos-milky-way-map.html |work=The New York Times |date=29 June 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230629182106/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/science/neutrinos-milky-way-map.html |archive-date=29 June 2023 |access-date=30 June 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=IceCube Collaboration |title=Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9818 |date=29 June 2023 |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6652 |pages=1338–1343 |doi=10.1126/science.adc9818 |pmid=37384687 |arxiv=2307.04427 |bibcode=2023Sci...380.1338I |s2cid=259287623 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230630042539/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adc9818 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |access-date=30 June 2023 }}
Hazard research is published: study results suggest high-temperature cooking could cause DNA damage within food (especially meat) which in turn could cause human DNA damage (1 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Jun |first1=Yong Woong |last2=Kant |first2=Melis |last3=Coskun |first3=Erdem |last4=Kato |first4=Takamitsu A. |last5=Jaruga |first5=Pawel |last6=Palafox |first6=Elizabeth |last7=Dizdaroglu |first7=Miral |last8=Kool |first8=Eric T. |title=Possible Genetic Risks from Heat-Damaged DNA in Food |journal=ACS Central Science |date=28 June 2023 |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=1170–1179 |doi=10.1021/acscentsci.2c01247 |pmid=37396864 |pmc=10311654 |language=en |issn=2374-7943|doi-access=free}} a study concludes the Italian Phlegraean Fields could be heading towards a first eruption since 1538 (9 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kilburn |first1=Christopher R. J. |last2=Carlino |first2=Stefano |last3=Danesi |first3=Stefania |last4=Pino |first4=Nicola Alessandro |title=Potential for rupture before eruption at Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |date=9 June 2023 |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=190 |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-00842-1 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4..190K |language=en |issn=2662-4435|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Campi Flegrei volcano edges closer to possible eruption |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-06-campi-flegrei-volcano-edges-closer.html |work=University College London via phys.org |language=en}} a small team of researchers evaluates the credibility of net-zero climate targets as currently low (9 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Rogelj |first1=Joeri |last2=Fransen |first2=Taryn |last3=den Elzen |first3=Michel G. J. |last4=Lamboll |first4=Robin D. |last5=Schumer |first5=Clea |last6=Kuramochi |first6=Takeshi |last7=Hans |first7=Frederic |last8=Mooldijk |first8=Silke |last9=Portugal-Pereira |first9=Joana |title=Credibility gap in net-zero climate targets leaves world at high risk |journal=Science |date=9 June 2023 |volume=380 |issue=6649 |pages=1014–1016 |doi=10.1126/science.adg6248 |pmid=37289874 |bibcode=2023Sci...380Q1014R |hdl=1874/429916 |s2cid=259119830 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371445005 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}} an AHA review shows that exposure to contaminant metals contributes to cardiovascular diseases (12 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lamas |first1=Gervasio A. |last2=Bhatnagar |first2=Aruni |last3=Jones |first3=Miranda R. |last4=Mann |first4=Koren K. |last5=Nasir |first5=Khurram |last6=Tellez-Plaza |first6=Maria |last7=Ujueta |first7=Francisco |last8=Navas-Acien |first8=Ana |title=Contaminant Metals as Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association |journal=Journal of the American Heart Association |date=4 July 2023 |volume=12 |issue=13 |pages=e029852 |doi=10.1161/JAHA.123.029852 |pmid=37306302 |pmc=10356104 |language=en |issn=2047-9980}} a study in the context of the opioid epidemic shows males are substantially (2–3 times greater) more vulnerable to or affected by drug overdose mortality than females (15 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Butelman |first1=Eduardo R. |last2=Huang |first2=Yuefeng |last3=Epstein |first3=David H. |last4=Shaham |first4=Yavin |last5=Goldstein |first5=Rita Z. |last6=Volkow |first6=Nora D. |last7=Alia-Klein |first7=Nelly |title=Overdose mortality rates for opioids and stimulant drugs are substantially higher in men than in women: state-level analysis |journal=Neuropsychopharmacology |date=15 June 2023 |volume=48 |issue=11 |pages=1639–1647 |doi=10.1038/s41386-023-01601-8 |pmid=37316576 |pmc=10517130 |s2cid=259163503 |language=en |issn=1740-634X|doi-access=free }} loss of Y chromosome can drive cancer growth (21 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Abdel-Hafiz |first1=Hany A. |last2=Schafer |first2=Johanna M. |last3=Chen |first3=Xingyu |last4=Xiao |first4=Tong |last5=Gauntner |first5=Timothy D. |last6=Li |first6=Zihai |last7=Theodorescu |first7=Dan |title=Y chromosome loss in cancer drives growth by evasion of adaptive immunity |journal=Nature |date=July 2023 |volume=619 |issue=7970 |pages=624–631 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06234-x |pmid=37344596 |pmc=10975863 |bibcode=2023Natur.619..624A |s2cid=259223163 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371758010 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}} a study indicates nearly 40% of U.S. females age 12 to 21 may have iron deficiency (27 June),{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Almost 39 percent of young women have an iron deficiency |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/07/03/many-women-have-iron-deficiency/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=30 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Weyand |first1=Angela C. |last2=Chaitoff |first2=Alexander |last3=Freed |first3=Gary L. |last4=Sholzberg |first4=Michelle |last5=Choi |first5=Sung Won |last6=McGann |first6=Patrick T. |title=Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in US Females Aged 12–21 Years, 2003–2020 |journal=JAMA |date=27 June 2023 |volume=329 |issue=24 |pages=2191–2193 |doi=10.1001/jama.2023.8020 |pmid=37367984 |pmc=10300696 |s2cid=259260967 |issn=0098-7484}} researchers show how bird flu could mutate to overcome a human antiviral protein to start another pandemic (28 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Pinto |first1=Rute Maria |last2=Bakshi |first2=Siddharth |display-authors=et al. |title=BTN3A3 evasion promotes the zoonotic potential of influenza A viruses |journal=Nature |date=July 2023 |volume=619 |issue=7969 |pages=338–347 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06261-8 |pmid=37380775 |bibcode=2023Natur.619..338P |s2cid=259285952 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371944284 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|hdl=20.500.11820/9be72c3d-be80-42de-ab50-b10b094cc527 |hdl-access=free }} shortages of medications – including some against cancer – are reported across countries,{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Virnich |first1=Birgit |title=Apotheker befürchten weiteren Mangel bei Medikamenten |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/medikamenten-mangel-101.html |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=tagesschau.de |language=de}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Cancer drug shortage is forcing doctors to decide which patients get treatment |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/cancer-drug-shortage-forcing-doctors-decide-patients-treatment/story?id=99753886 |access-date=27 July 2023 |publisher=ABC News|location=United States |language=en}} articles in science outlets like Nature suggest contemporary viral concerns about hypothetical existential risk of AI "plays into the tech companies' agenda" – partly in the form of 'criti-hype'{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=How this moment for AI will change society forever (and how it won't) |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25834352-800-how-this-moment-for-ai-will-change-society-forever-and-how-it-wont/ |website=New Scientist |access-date=27 July 2023}} – and that this "hinders effective regulation of the societal harms AI is causing right now" and in the near-future.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |title=Stop talking about tomorrow's AI doomsday when AI poses risks today |journal=Nature |date=27 June 2023 |volume=618 |issue=7967 |pages=885–886 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-02094-7|pmid=37369844 |bibcode=2023Natur.618..885. |s2cid=259254557 |doi-access=free }}
Promising results of therapeutic candidates are reported: first phase 3 trialed chikungunya vaccine (VLA1553) (12 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Schneider |first1=Martina |last2=Narciso-Abraham |first2=Marivic |last3=Hadl |first3=Sandra |last4=McMahon |first4=Robert |last5=Toepfer |first5=Sebastian |last6=Fuchs |first6=Ulrike |last7=Hochreiter |first7=Romana |last8=Bitzer |first8=Annegret |last9=Kosulin |first9=Karin |last10=Larcher-Senn |first10=Julian |last11=Mader |first11=Robert |last12=Dubischar |first12=Katrin |last13=Zoihsl |first13=Oliver |last14=Jaramillo |first14=Juan-Carlos |last15=Eder-Lingelbach |first15=Susanne |last16=Buerger |first16=Vera |last17=Wressnigg |first17=Nina |title=Safety and immunogenicity of a single-shot live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine: a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial |journal=The Lancet |date=June 2023 |volume=401 |issue=10394 |pages=2138–2147 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00641-4|pmid=37321235 |pmc=10314240 }} mice-tested inoculation against a potential infectious contributor to endometriosis (14 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Muraoka |first1=Ayako |last2=Suzuki |first2=Miho |last3=Hamaguchi |first3=Tomonari |last4=Watanabe |first4=Shinya |last5=Iijima |first5=Kenta |last6=Murofushi |first6=Yoshiteru |last7=Shinjo |first7=Keiko |last8=Osuka |first8=Satoko |last9=Hariyama |first9=Yumi |last10=Ito |first10=Mikako |last11=Ohno |first11=Kinji |last12=Kiyono |first12=Tohru |last13=Kyo |first13=Satoru |last14=Iwase |first14=Akira |last15=Kikkawa |first15=Fumitaka |last16=Kajiyama |first16=Hiroaki |last17=Kondo |first17=Yutaka |title=Fusobacterium infection facilitates the development of endometriosis through the phenotypic transition of endometrial fibroblasts |journal=Science Translational Medicine |date=14 June 2023 |volume=15 |issue=700 |pages=eadd1531 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.add1531 |pmid=37315109 |s2cid=259155602 |language=en |issn=1946-6234|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371573998}} new evidence regarding still-unclear{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Swabbing C-section babies with mom's microbes can restore healthy bacteria |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/swabbing-c-section-babies-mom-s-microbes-can-restore-healthy-bacteria |access-date=8 August 2023 |work=Science}} vaginal seeding interventions (15 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Lepeng |last2=Qiu |first2=Wen |last3=Wang |first3=Jie |last4=Zhao |first4=Aihua |last5=Zhou |first5=Chuhui |last6=Sun |first6=Tao |last7=Xiong |first7=Ziyu |last8=Cao |first8=Peihua |last9=Shen |first9=Wei |last10=Chen |first10=Jingfen |last11=Lai |first11=Xiaolu |last12=Zhao |first12=Liu-hong |last13=Wu |first13=Yue |last14=Li |first14=Meng |last15=Qiu |first15=Feng |last16=Yu |first16=Yanhong |last17=Xu |first17=Zhenjiang Zech |last18=Zhou |first18=Hongwei |last19=Jia |first19=Wei |last20=Liao |first20=Yan |last21=Retnakaran |first21=Ravi |last22=Krewski |first22=Daniel |last23=Wen |first23=Shi Wu |last24=Clemente |first24=Jose C. |last25=Chen |first25=Tianlu |last26=Xie |first26=Ri-hua |last27=He |first27=Yan |title=Effects of vaginal microbiota transfer on the neurodevelopment and microbiome of cesarean-born infants: A blinded randomized controlled trial |journal=Cell Host & Microbe |date=July 2023 |volume=31 |issue=7 |pages=1232–1247.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.022|pmid=37327780 |s2cid=259184053 }} phase 2 trialed orforglipron against obesity (23 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Wharton |first1=Sean |last2=Blevins |first2=Thomas |last3=Connery |first3=Lisa |last4=Rosenstock |first4=Julio |last5=Raha |first5=Sohini |last6=Liu |first6=Rong |last7=Ma |first7=Xiaosu |last8=Mather |first8=Kieren J. |last9=Haupt |first9=Axel |last10=Robins |first10=Deborah |last11=Pratt |first11=Edward |last12=Kazda |first12=Christof |last13=Konig |first13=Manige |title=Daily Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Orforglipron for Adults with Obesity |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |date=23 June 2023 |volume=389 |issue=10 |pages=877–888 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2302392 |pmid=37351564 |s2cid=259232476 |language=en |issn=0028-4793}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Frias |first1=Juan P |last2=Hsia |first2=Stanley |last3=Eyde |first3=Sarah |last4=Liu |first4=Rong |last5=Ma |first5=Xiaosu |last6=Konig |first6=Manige |last7=Kazda |first7=Christof |last8=Mather |first8=Kieren J |last9=Haupt |first9=Axel |last10=Pratt |first10=Edward |last11=Robins |first11=Deborah |title=Efficacy and safety of oral orforglipron in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, dose-response, phase 2 study |journal=The Lancet |date=August 2023 |volume=402 |issue=10400 |pages=472–483 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01302-8|pmid=37369232 |s2cid=259237269 }} mice-tested gene-therapy against hearing loss (28 June).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Mathiesen |first1=Barbara K. |last2=Miyakoshi |first2=Leo M. |last3=Cederroth |first3=Christopher R. |last4=Tserga |first4=Evangelia |last5=Versteegh |first5=Corstiaen |last6=Bork |first6=Peter A. R.|last7=Hauglund |first7=Natalie L. |last8=Gomolka |first8=Ryszard Stefan |last9=Mori |first9=Yuki |last10=Edvall |first10=Niklas K. |last11=Rouse |first11=Stephanie |last12=Møllgård |first12=Kjeld |last13=Holt |first13=Jeffrey R. |last14=Nedergaard |first14=Maiken |last15=Canlon |first15=Barbara |title=Delivery of gene therapy through a cerebrospinal fluid conduit to rescue hearing in adult mice |journal=Science Translational Medicine |date=28 June 2023 |volume=15 |issue=702 |pages=eabq3916 |doi=10.1126/scitranslmed.abq3916 |pmid=37379370 |s2cid=259275398 |language=en |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abq3916|url-access=subscription|issn=1946-6234}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=An unexpected doorway into the ear opens new possibilities for hearing restoration |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-06-unexpected-doorway-ear-possibilities.html |access-date=8 August 2023 |publisher=University of Rochester Medical Center via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
{{vanchor|Innovations_June|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are demonstrated}}: an overview of "the nascent industry of AI-designed drugs" (1 June),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Arnold |first1=Carrie |title=Inside the nascent industry of AI-designed drugs |journal=Nature Medicine |date=1 June 2023 |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=1292–1295 |language=en |doi=10.1038/s41591-023-02361-0|pmid=37264208 |doi-access=free }} after moderators of the Web content aggregation-based platform Reddit strike against the site's introduction of API pricing and the ensuing closing of several mobile client apps, several novel decentralized open source aggregation platforms gain substantial numbers of users – most notably Lemmy and Kbin which can synchronize their posts via interoperability (12 June),{{cite magazine|last1=Watercutter|first1=Angela|title=Reddit Won't Be the Same. Neither Will the Internet|url=https://www.wired.com/story/reddit-api-changes-ai-labor/|access-date=27 July 2023|magazine=Wired|archive-date=26 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726175452/https://www.wired.com/story/reddit-api-changes-ai-labor/|url-status=live}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Porter |first1=Jon |title=Major Reddit communities will go dark to protest threat to third-party apps |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/6/5/23749188/reddit-subreddit-private-protest-api-changes-apollo-charges |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=The Verge |date=5 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Lemmy and Kbin: The Best Reddit Alternatives? |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/reddit-alternatives-lemmy-kbin |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=PCMAG |language=en}} the first upgrade of the Global Earthquake Model {{tooltip|data|its models, maps, and databases}} for disaster risk reduction is reported (13 June),{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=News at a glance: Long Covid treatment, global earthquake model, and deep-sea mining |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/news-glance-long-covid-treatment-global-earthquake-model-and-deep-sea-mining |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=Science |date=15 June 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=GEM {{!}} Press Release Embargoed |url=https://www.globalquakemodel.org/gem2023-press-release |website=GEM Foundation |access-date=27 July 2023 |language=en}} first approval for two cultured meat products in the U.S. and two of the first worldwide (21 June),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Thompson |first1=Joanna |title=Lab-Grown Meat Approved for Sale: What You Need to Know |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/lab-grown-meat-approved-for-sale-what-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}} transgenic soya beans containing pig protein (Piggy Sooy) are reported (28 June),{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Soya beans made more meat-like by adding genes for pig proteins |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2380087-soya-beans-made-more-meat-like-by-adding-genes-for-pig-proteins/ |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=New Scientist}} a new type of glass (LionGlass) that is substantially more damage-resistant and more sustainable is reported (30 June).{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Papadopoulos |first1=Loukia |title=New glass: 10X more damage resistant and cuts carbon footprint by nearly half |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/glass-10x-more-damage-resistant-cuts-carbon-footprint-half |access-date=27 July 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=4 July 2023 |language=en}}

=July=

{{vanchor|1 July}} – The ESA space telescope Euclid is launched, beginning a six-year mission to study dark energy and dark matter.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Watch Live: Europe's 'dark explorer' telescope launch |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/science-environment-66075202|publisher=BBC News|date=1 July 2023|access-date=1 July 2023}}
{{vanchor|3 July}} – Researchers demonstrate encoding and storing data – small images – as DNA without new DNA synthesis by recording light exposure into bacterial DNA via optogenetic circuits. The 'biological camera' extends chemical and electrical interface techniques.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Ferreira |first1=Becky |title=Scientists Create 'Biological Camera' That Stores Images in DNA |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/xgwgjn/scientists-create-biological-camera-that-stores-images-in-dna |access-date=31 August 2023 |work=Vice |date=11 July 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lim |first1=Cheng Kai |last2=Yeoh |first2=Jing Wui |last3=Kunartama |first3=Aurelius Andrew |last4=Yew |first4=Wen Shan |last5=Poh |first5=Chueh Loo |title=A biological camera that captures and stores images directly into DNA |journal=Nature Communications |date=3 July 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=3921 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-38876-w |pmid=37400476 |pmc=10318082 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.3921L |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|5 July}}
Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb reports the possibility of a Galileo project expedition having found first interstellar material.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Loeb |first=Avi |author-link=Avi Loeb |title=I'm a Harvard Astronomer. I Think We Found Interstellar Material |url=https://www.newsweek.com/harvard-astronomer-alien-discovery-interstellar-material-1811087 |date=5 July 2023 |work=Newsweek |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230707153643/https://www.newsweek.com/harvard-astronomer-alien-discovery-interstellar-material-1811087 |archive-date=7 July 2023 |access-date=7 July 2023 }}
A first evolution experiment of synthetic 'minimal cells' – JCVI-syn3B bacterial cells whose genomes were trimmed to 493 essential genes and are the smallest of any known free-living organism – shows they survive and mutate vitally with their >50% decrease in fitness to JCVI-syn1 being regained after ~2,000 generations under accelerated evolution.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Half of cell's genome stripped to prove "life finds a way" |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/artificial-cell-genome-life-finds-a-way/ |access-date=29 August 2023 |work=cosmosmagazine.com |date=9 July 2023 |language=en-AU}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Moger-Reischer |first1=R. Z. |last2=Glass |first2=J. I. |last3=Wise |first3=K. S. |last4=Sun |first4=L. |last5=Bittencourt |first5=D. M. C. |last6=Lehmkuhl |first6=B. K. |last7=Schoolmaster |first7=D. R. |last8=Lynch |first8=M. |last9=Lennon |first9=J. T. |title=Evolution of a minimal cell |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7972 |pages=122–127 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06288-x |pmid=37407813 |pmc=10396959 |bibcode=2023Natur.620..122M |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|6 July}} – A study indicates release of methane from Arctic glacial retreat will result in Arctic emissions much higher than expected.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kleber |first1=Gabrielle E. |last2=Hodson |first2=Andrew J. |last3=Magerl |first3=Leonard |last4=Mannerfelt |first4=Erik Schytt |last5=Bradbury |first5=Harold J. |last6=Zhu |first6=Yizhu |last7=Trimmer |first7=Mark |last8=Turchyn |first8=Alexandra V. |title=Groundwater springs formed during glacial retreat are a large source of methane in the high Arctic |journal=Nature Geoscience |date=July 2023 |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=597–604 |doi=10.1038/s41561-023-01210-6 |bibcode=2023NatGe..16..597K |s2cid=259503680 |language=en |issn=1752-0908|doi-access=free |hdl=10037/29802 |hdl-access=free }}

File:The effect of genome minimization on the evolution of cell size.webp: A first evolution experiment of synthetic bacterial 'minimal cells' JCVI-syn3B shows "life finds a way".]]

{{vanchor|10 July}}
Dynamic shell formation is demonstrated experimentally for the first time. Researchers claim their technique is a feasible target for mass production of fusion energy.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Igumenshchev |first1=I. V. |last2=Theobald |first2=W. |display-authors=et al. |title=Proof-of-Principle Experiment on the Dynamic Shell Formation for Inertial Confinement Fusion |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=7 July 2023 |volume=131 |issue=1 |page=015102 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.015102|pmid=37478441 |bibcode=2023PhRvL.131a5102I |osti=1988780 |s2cid=259560658 }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=New technique may help achieve mass production fusion energy |url=https://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/dynamic-shell-formation-mass-production-fusion-energy-563262/|publisher=University of Rochester (Laboratory for Laser Energetics)|date=10 July 2023|access-date=11 July 2023}}
The highest albedo ever measured for an exoplanet is confirmed using data from the CHEOPS space telescope. The ultra-hot Neptune LTT 9779 b is shown to reflect 80% of incoming light from its star (compared to 75% for Venus), due to the high metal content of its clouds.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Cheops shows scorching exoplanet acts like a mirror |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cheops/Cheops_shows_scorching_exoplanet_acts_like_a_mirror|work=ESA|date=10 July 2023|access-date=12 July 2023}}
{{vanchor|11 July}}
Three possible "dark star" candidates are reported, at times ranging from about 320 million to 400 million years after the Big Bang, based on analysis of observations by the James Webb Space Telescope{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Supermassive Dark Star candidates seen by JWST |work=PNAS|date=11 July 2023|doi=10.1073/pnas.2305762120 |last1=Ilie |first1=Cosmin |last2=Paulin |first2=Jillian |last3=Freese |first3=Katherine |volume=120 |issue=30 |doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=James Webb Telescope Catches Glimpse of Possible First-Ever 'Dark Stars' |url=https://news.utexas.edu/2023/07/14/james-webb-telescope-catches-glimpse-of-possible-first-ever-dark-stars/|publisher=The University of Texas at Austin|date=14 July 2023|access-date=15 July 2023}}
Berkeley Earth reports that June 2023 was the warmest June since records began in 1850, and broke the previous record by 0.18 °C. Its temperature dataset suggests that 2023 is now 81% likely to become a new record year for global warming.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=June 2023 Temperature Update |url=https://berkeleyearth.org/june-2023-temperature-update/|work=Berkeley Earth|date=11 July 2023|access-date=11 July 2023}}
A study suggests that carbon taxation approaches or instruments would be more effective and fairer when distinguishing between luxury- and basic goods and services.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Could a carbon tax on luxury items be fairer and more effective? |url=https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/07/12/carbon-tax-on-luxury-items-is-a-fairer-and-more-effective-way-to-cut-emissions-research-re |access-date=29 August 2023 |work=euronews |date=12 July 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Oswald |first1=Yannick |last2=Millward-Hopkins |first2=Joel |last3=Steinberger |first3=Julia K. |last4=Owen |first4=Anne |last5=Ivanova |first5=Diana |title=Luxury-focused carbon taxation improves fairness of climate policy |journal=One Earth |date=July 2023 |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=884–898 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.05.027|bibcode=2023OEart...6..884O |s2cid=259852986 |doi-access=free }} A separate study (17 July) finds that for energy demand reduction (EDR), "capping energy use of the top quintile of consumers" would be effective, more equitable, and increase public acceptance of transformative climate action in Europe.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Niranjan |first1=Ajit |title=Europe should cap 'luxury' energy use to meet emissions targets, study says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/17/europe-cap-luxury-energy-use-emissions-carbon-budget-targets-study |access-date=29 August 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=17 July 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Büchs |first1=Milena |last2=Cass |first2=Noel |last3=Mullen |first3=Caroline |last4=Lucas |first4=Karen |last5=Ivanova |first5=Diana |title=Emissions savings from equitable energy demand reduction |journal=Nature Energy |date=July 2023 |volume=8 |issue=7 |pages=758–769 |doi=10.1038/s41560-023-01283-y |bibcode=2023NatEn...8..758B |language=en |issn=2058-7546|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|12 July}}
Astronomers report considerable success of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) after its first year of operations.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Miller |first=Katrina |title=A Year of Cosmic Wonder With the James Webb Space Telescope – With a new image, NASA commemorates the first anniversary of doing science with the most powerful observatory ever sent to space. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/12/science/nasa-webb-telescope-one-year-anniversary.html |date=12 July 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230712215040/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/12/science/nasa-webb-telescope-one-year-anniversary.html |archive-date=12 July 2023 |access-date=13 July 2023 }}
In what could be the first global scientific analysis of plastic pollution of lakes and reservoirs that is not limited to recently increasingly studied microplastics,{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Dusaucy |first1=Julia |last2=Gateuille |first2=David |last3=Perrette |first3=Yves |last4=Naffrechoux |first4=Emmanuel |title=Microplastic pollution of worldwide lakes |journal=Environmental Pollution |date=1 September 2021 |volume=284 |page=117075 |doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117075 |pmid=33894537 |bibcode=2021EPoll.28417075D |issn=0269-7491|url=https://hal.science/hal-03271076/file/S0269749121006576.pdf }} a large team of researchers reports high prevalence and vulnerability factors.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Nava |first1=Veronica |last2=Chandra |first2=Sudeep |last3=Aherne |first3=Julian |display-authors=et al. |last78=Zink |first78=Lauren |last79=Leoni |first79=Barbara |title=Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs |journal=Nature |date=July 2023 |volume=619 |issue=7969 |pages=317–322 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06168-4 |pmid=37438590 |bibcode=2023Natur.619..317N |hdl=10198/19283 |s2cid=259835082 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372308058 |url-access=subscription|language=en |issn=1476-4687|hdl-access=free }}
Lay summary: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Hamilton |first1=David |last2=Özkundakci |first2=Deniz |last3=Brookes |first3=Justin |last4=Ranjbar |first4=Mohammad Hassan |title='Humanity's signature': study finds plastic pollution in the world's lakes can be worse than in oceans |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-13/plastic-pollution-lakes-worse-than-ocean/102594244 |work=Authors via ABC News |language=en |quote=A world-first study has found concentrations of plastics in some lakes are higher than in the most contaminated parts of oceans, demonstrating the extent to which plastics have invaded Earth's ecosystems.}}
In what could be the first global scientific analysis of agricultural pesticide pollution, scientists report that of the studied third of the three million metric tons of pesticides used annually, ~10% remains as toxic residue in soil while rivers receive at least 730 tons where they nearly do not degrade.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Pesticides travel far and wide, endangering aquatic ecosystems |url=https://www.earth.com/news/pesticides-travel-far-and-wide-endangering-aquatic-ecosystems/ |access-date=31 August 2023 |work=Earth.com |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Maggi |first1=Federico |last2=Tang |first2=Fiona H. M. |last3=Tubiello |first3=Francesco N. |title=Agricultural pesticide land budget and river discharge to oceans |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7976 |pages=1013–1017 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06296-x |pmid=37438527 |bibcode=2023Natur.620.1013M |s2cid=259844468 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372313018 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Chemical odyssey: First global analysis shows how pesticides leach into the environment |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-07-chemical-odyssey-global-analysis-pesticides.html |access-date=31 August 2023 |publisher=University of Sydney via phys.org |language=en}}
A study suggests chemical alternatives to age reversal via Yamanaka factors gene therapy are feasible {{Tooltip|via early in vitro|this means those were only tested with cultured cells and have not yet been validated in an animal and via more reliable "improvements in age-related health metrics or lifespan"}} fibroblasts data.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sejal |title=Harvard scientist 'obsessed' with anti-aging creates a youth cocktail |url=https://interestingengineering.com/science/harvard-scientist-anti-aging-reverse-youth-chemical-cocktail |access-date=31 August 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=17 July 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Yang |first1=Jae-Hyun |last2=Petty |first2=Christopher A. |last3=Dixon-McDougall |first3=Thomas |last4=Lopez |first4=Maria Vina |last5=Tyshkovskiy |first5=Alexander |last6=Maybury-Lewis |first6=Sun |last7=Tian |first7=Xiao |last8=Ibrahim |first8=Nabilah |last9=Chen |first9=Zhili |last10=Griffin |first10=Patrick T. |last11=Arnold |first11=Matthew |last12=Li |first12=Jien |last13=Martinez |first13=Oswaldo A. |last14=Behn |first14=Alexander |last15=Rogers-Hammond |first15=Ryan |last16=Angeli |first16=Suzanne |last17=Gladyshev |first17=Vadim N. |last18=Sinclair |first18=David A.|author-link18=David A. Sinclair |title=Chemically induced reprogramming to reverse cellular aging |journal=Aging |date=12 July 2023 |volume=15 |issue=13 |pages=5966–5989 |doi=10.18632/aging.204896 |pmid=37437248 |pmc=10373966 |language=en |issn=1945-4589|doi-access=free}} On 3 July, researchers report subcutaneous administration of longevity factor α-klotho enhanced cognition in old rhesus macaques.{{cite magazine|last1=Ford|first1=Celia|title=One Shot of a Kidney Protein Gave Monkeys a Brain Boost|url=https://www.wired.com/story/one-shot-of-a-kidney-protein-gave-monkeys-a-brain-boost/|access-date=31 August 2023|magazine=Wired}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Castner |first1=Stacy A. |last2=Gupta |first2=Shweta |last3=Wang |first3=Dan |last4=Moreno |first4=Arturo J. |last5=Park |first5=Cana |last6=Chen |first6=Chen |last7=Poon |first7=Yan |last8=Groen |first8=Aaron |last9=Greenberg |first9=Kenneth |last10=David |first10=Nathaniel |last11=Boone |first11=Tom |last12=Baxter |first12=Mark G. |last13=Williams |first13=Graham V. |last14=Dubal |first14=Dena B. |title=Longevity factor klotho enhances cognition in aged nonhuman primates |journal=Nature Aging |date=August 2023 |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=931–937 |doi=10.1038/s43587-023-00441-x |pmid=37400721 |pmc=10432271 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}} On 27 July, a study shows rejuvenation effects in mice from heterochronic parabiosis endure after the joined mice are detached.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Young mouse blood extends lives of older ones while rejuvenating them |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2384878-young-mouse-blood-extends-lives-of-older-ones-while-rejuvenating-them/ |access-date=31 August 2023 |work=New Scientist|quote=The old mice that had been joined to the young mice ended up living six weeks longer on average than those that had been joined to other old mice, a lifespan extension of about 5 per cent. "If you could improve human lifespan by 5 per cent, that could mean an extra four or five years," [...] However, this effect is smaller than that achieved by calorie restriction, which can make mice live up to 27 per cent longer.}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Bohan |last2=Lee |first2=David E. |last3=Trapp |first3=Alexandre |last4=Tyshkovskiy |first4=Alexander |last5=Lu |first5=Ake T. |last6=Bareja |first6=Akshay |last7=Kerepesi |first7=Csaba |last8=McKay |first8=Lauren K. |last9=Shindyapina |first9=Anastasia V. |last10=Dmitriev |first10=Sergey E. |last11=Baht |first11=Gurpreet S. |last12=Horvath |first12=Steve |last13=Gladyshev |first13=Vadim N. |last14=White |first14=James P. |title=Multi-omic rejuvenation and lifespan extension on exposure to youthful circulation |journal=Nature Aging |date=August 2023 |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=948–964 |doi=10.1038/s43587-023-00451-9 |pmid=37500973 |pmc=11095548 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|biorxiv=10.1101/2021.11.11.468258|s2cid=260902262 }}

File:Graphen.jpg: Naturally occurring graphene is reported for the first time.]]

{{vanchor|13 July}}
Air pollution particles are shown to reduce insects' ability to find food and a mate, in experiments. This may be contributing to the dramatic fall in global insect populations, the scientists conclude.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Wang |first1=Qike |last2=Liu |first2=Genting |last3=Yan |first3=Liping |last4=Xu |first4=Wentian |last5=Hilton |first5=Douglas J. |last6=Liu |first6=Xianhui |last7=Pei |first7=Wenya |last8=Li |first8=Xinyu |last9=Wu |first9=Jinbiao |last10=Zhao |first10=Haifeng |last11=Zhang |first11=Dong |last12=Elgar |first12=Mark A. |title=Short-term particulate matter contamination severely compromises insect antennal olfactory perception |journal=Nature Communications |date=11 July 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4112 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39469-3 |pmid=37433781 |pmc=10336072 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4112W |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
Scientists use CRISPR gene-editing to reduce the lignin content in poplar trees by as much as 50%, offering a potentially more sustainable method of fiber production.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sulis |first1=Daniel B. |last2=Jiang |first2=Xiao |last3=Yang |first3=Chenmin |last4=Marques |first4=Barbara M. |last5=Matthews |first5=Megan L. |last6=Miller |first6=Zachary |last7=Lan |first7=Kai |last8=Cofre-Vega |first8=Carlos |last9=Liu |first9=Baoguang |last10=Sun |first10=Runkun |last11=Sederoff |first11=Henry |last12=Bing |first12=Ryan G. |last13=Sun |first13=Xiaoyan |last14=Williams |first14=Cranos M. |last15=Jameel |first15=Hasan |last16=Phillips |first16=Richard |last17=Chang |first17=Hou-min |last18=Peszlen |first18=Ilona |last19=Huang |first19=Yung-Yun |last20=Li |first20=Wei |last21=Kelly |first21=Robert M. |last22=Sederoff |first22=Ronald R. |last23=Chiang |first23=Vincent L. |last24=Barrangou |first24=Rodolphe |last25=Wang |first25=Jack P. |title=Multiplex CRISPR editing of wood for sustainable fiber production |journal=Science |date=14 July 2023 |volume=381 |issue=6654 |pages=216–221 |doi=10.1126/science.add4514|pmid=37440632 |pmc=10542590 |bibcode=2023Sci...381..216S |s2cid=259844575 }}
{{vanchor|14 July}} – The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launches its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft towards the Moon, aiming to become the fourth nation to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Chandrayaan-3: India's historic Moon mission lifts off successfully |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-66185565|publisher=BBC News|date=14 July 2023|access-date=14 July 2023}}
{{vanchor|17 July}} – Astronomers of the Breakthrough Listen project report the development of {{Tooltip|a novel technique|described as "the first new method of signal confirmation beyond the spatial reobservation filter in the history of radio SETI"}} that can help distinguish between potential deliberate artificial alien signals and Earth-based radio interference via unique signatures from passing through ionized plasma of interstellar medium.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Brzycki |first1=Bryan |last2=Siemion |first2=Andrew P. V. |last3=Pater |first3=Imke de |last4=Cordes |first4=James M. |last5=Gajjar |first5=Vishal |last6=Lacki |first6=Brian |last7=Sheikh |first7=Sofia |title=On Detecting Interstellar Scintillation in Narrowband Radio SETI |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=July 2023 |volume=952 |issue=1 |page=46 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/acdee0 |arxiv=2307.08793 |bibcode=2023ApJ...952...46B |language=en |issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|19 July}} – Astronomers report the discovery of a bizarre 'two-faced' star, with one side made up of hydrogen and the other consisting of helium. The object, designated ZTF J203349.8+322901.1, is a white dwarf located about 1,000 light years away.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Two-faced star with helium and hydrogen sides baffles astronomers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jul/19/two-faced-star-with-helium-and-hydrogen-sides-baffles-astronomers-janus|work=The Guardian|date=19 July 2023|access-date=27 July 2023}}
{{vanchor|18 July}} – The first example of naturally occurring graphene is reported, at a gold mine in South Africa.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Ancient graphene formed 3 billion years before humans discovered it|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2382891-ancient-graphene-formed-3-billion-years-before-humans-discovered-it/|work=New Scientist|date=18 July 2023|access-date=27 July 2023}}
{{vanchor|19 July}} – Researchers report the discovery of self-healing of fatigue cracks in metals in vacuum.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Fatigue-generated cracks fuse back together in metals |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/fatigue-generated-cracks-fuse-back-together-in-metals/ |access-date=29 August 2023 |work=Physics World |date=21 August 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Barr |first1=Christopher M. |last2=Duong |first2=Ta |last3=Bufford |first3=Daniel C. |last4=Milne |first4=Zachary |last5=Molkeri |first5=Abhilash |last6=Heckman |first6=Nathan M. |last7=Adams |first7=David P. |last8=Srivastava |first8=Ankit |last9=Hattar |first9=Khalid |last10=Demkowicz |first10=Michael J. |last11=Boyce |first11=Brad L. |title=Autonomous healing of fatigue cracks via cold welding |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7974 |pages=552–556 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06223-0 |pmid=37468631 |bibcode=2023Natur.620..552B |s2cid=259995049 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}

File:Top sectors of contemporary economics by likelihood of job being perceived as objectively useless to society in reality.jpg: A first study investigates theories popularized in 2018 that involve jobs being viewed as objectively useless to society.]]

File:Defaulting summary of the listed highly hazardous chemicals analysed in this study.webp: An analysis relating to the Rotterdam Convention shows illegal trade of highly hazardous chemicals continues.]]

{{vanchor|21 July}} – A study provides evidence for {{Tooltip|elements of|yet unsubstantiated elements of the theory include that many jobs are objectively harmful to society}} the theory of 'Bullshit Jobs', which was formalized and popularized in 2018, showing {{Tooltip|that many|with sectoral quantifications about on the perceptions of the respective workers themselves in specific}} workers consider their jobs of contemporary economics as objectively useless to society.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Walo |first1=Simon |title='Bullshit' After All? Why People Consider Their Jobs Socially Useless |journal=Work, Employment and Society |date=21 July 2023 |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=1123–1146 |doi=10.1177/09500170231175771 |language=en |issn=0950-0170|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|24 July}}
The first detection of water in the terrestrial region of a disk already known to host two or more protoplanets is announced. The discovery, in a young system called PDS 70, is based on data from the James Webb Space Telescope.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Webb Detects Water Vapor in Rocky Planet-Forming Zone |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/webb-detects-water-vapor-in-rocky-planet-forming-zone|work=NASA|date=24 July 2023|access-date=25 July 2023}}
A study reports a 226% improvement in a memory test of healthy older adults (60–85) from overnight odorant diffuser use for 6 months. The olfactory sense is known to be linked to memory, but its stimulation was previously not trialed where application occurs during sleep.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Make sure to stop and smell the roses. It just might boost your memory. |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/08/07/memory-improvement-study-stimulating-sense-of-smell/70528048007/ |access-date=31 August 2023 |work=USA Today}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Woo |first1=Cynthia C. |last2=Miranda |first2=Blake |last3=Sathishkumar |first3=Mithra |last4=Dehkordi-Vakil |first4=Farideh |last5=Yassa |first5=Michael A. |last6=Leon |first6=Michael |title=Overnight olfactory enrichment using an odorant diffuser improves memory and modifies the uncinate fasciculus in older adults |journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience |date=2023 |volume=17 |doi=10.3389/fnins.2023.1200448 |pmid=37554295 |pmc=10405466 |issn=1662-453X|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|25 July}} – A controversial study finds that a collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is highly likely this century, and may occur as early as 2025. The 95% confidence interval is between 2025 and 2095.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Gulf stream could collapse as early as 2025, study suggests |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/25/gulf-stream-could-collapse-as-early-as-2025-study-suggests|work=The Guardian|date=25 July 2023|access-date=25 July 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Expert reaction to paper warning of a collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |url=https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-paper-warning-of-a-collapse-of-the-atlantic-meridional-overturning-circulation/|work=Science Media Centre|date=25 July 2023|access-date=25 July 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Ditlevsen |first1=Peter |last2=Ditlevsen |first2=Susanne |title=Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation |journal=Nature Communications |date=25 July 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4254 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39810-w |pmid=37491344 |pmc=10368695 |arxiv=2304.09160 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4254D |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|26 July}} – DARPA, in collaboration with NASA, begins work on the first in-orbit demonstration of a nuclear thermal rocket engine.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=DARPA Kicks Off Design, Fabrication for DRACO Experimental NTR Vehicle|url=https://www.darpa.mil/news-events/2023-07-26|work=DARPA|date=26 July 2023|access-date=27 July 2023}}
{{vanchor|27 July}} – The longest known cryptobiosis in a nematode is reported, with an organism revived after 46,000 years in Siberian permafrost.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title= Nematode resurrected from Siberian permafrost laid dormant for 46,000 years |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/996694|work=EurekAlert!|date=27 July 2023|access-date=28 July 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Shatilovich |first1=Anastasia |last2=Gade |first2=Vamshidhar R. |last3=Pippel |first3=Martin |last4=Hoffmeyer |first4=Tarja T. |last5=Tchesunov |first5=Alexei V. |last6=Stevens |first6=Lewis |last7=Winkler |first7=Sylke |last8=Hughes |first8=Graham M. |last9=Traikov |first9=Sofia |last10=Hiller |first10=Michael |last11=Rivkina |first11=Elizaveta |last12=Schiffer |first12=Philipp H. |last13=Myers |first13=Eugene W. |last14=Kurzchalia |first14=Teymuras V. |title=A novel nematode species from the Siberian permafrost shares adaptive mechanisms for cryptobiotic survival with C. elegans dauer larva |journal=PLOS Genetics |date=27 July 2023 |volume=19 |issue=7 |pages=e1010798 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1010798 |pmid=37498820 |pmc=10374039 |language=en |issn=1553-7404|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|28 July}} – A phylogenetic study proposes a hybrid of the farming and steppe hypotheses for the origin {{tooltip|of Indo-European languages|which are spoken by almost half the world's population}}, contradicting elements of both.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Origin of Indo-European languages dates back to about 8,100 years ago, says study |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/origin-of-indo-european-languages-date-back-to-about-8100-years-ago-says-study/cid/1955001 |access-date=29 August 2023 |work=The Telegraph|location=India |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Heggarty |first1=Paul |last2=Anderson |first2=Cormac |last3=Scarborough |first3=Matthew |last4=King |first4=Benedict |display-authors=et al. |title=Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages |journal=Science |date=28 July 2023 |volume=381 |issue=6656 |pages=eabg0818 |doi=10.1126/science.abg0818 |pmid=37499002 |hdl=10234/204329 |s2cid=260202659 |url=https://www.science.org/stoken/author-tokens/ST-1344/full |language=en |issn=0036-8075|hdl-access=free }}
{{vanchor|Hazards_July|text=Hazard research is published}}: news outlets start reporting on a study from June finding high levels of PFAS in half of U.S. tap water (5 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Smalling |first1=Kelly L. |last2=Romanok |first2=Kristin M. |last3=Bradley |first3=Paul M. |last4=Morriss |first4=Mathew C. |last5=Gray |first5=James L. |last6=Kanagy |first6=Leslie K. |last7=Gordon |first7=Stephanie E. |last8=Williams |first8=Brianna M. |last9=Breitmeyer |first9=Sara E. |last10=Jones |first10=Daniel K. |last11=DeCicco |first11=Laura A. |last12=Eagles-Smith |first12=Collin A. |last13=Wagner |first13=Tyler |title=Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications |journal=Environment International |date=1 August 2023 |volume=178 |page=108033 |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2023.108033 |pmid=37356308 |issn=0160-4120|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023EnInt.17808033S }} an analysis of the efficacy of the Rotterdam Convention in curbing illegal trade of highly hazardous chemicals shows that large-scale trade of chemicals like tetraethyllead continues (10 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Zou |first1=Hongyan |last2=Wang |first2=Tao |last3=Wang |first3=Zhong-Liang |last4=Wang |first4=Zhanyun |title=Continuing large-scale global trade and illegal trade of highly hazardous chemicals |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=10 July 2023 |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=1394–1405 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01158-w |bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1394Z |language=en |issn=2398-9629|doi-access=free|hdl=20.500.11850/624236 |hdl-access=free }} a researcher reports subterranean climate change urban heat islands may affect the durability of infrastructure and buildings (11 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=F |first1=Alessandro |title=The silent impact of underground climate change on civil infrastructure |journal=Communications Engineering |date=11 July 2023 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=44 |doi=10.1038/s44172-023-00092-1 |bibcode=2023CmEng...2...44R |language=en |issn=2731-3395|doi-access=free}} a study indicates consumer protection-related validation and quality control for a set of advanced sports supplements such as Dynamine is insufficient, finding most of the tested products either did not contain a detectable amount of the labeled ingredient or substantially deviated from the declared dosage (17 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Pieter A. |last2=Avula |first2=Bharathi |last3=Katragunta |first3=Kumar |last4=Travis |first4=John C. |last5=Khan |first5=Ikhlas |title=Presence and Quantity of Botanical Ingredients With Purported Performance-Enhancing Properties in Sports Supplements |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=17 July 2023 |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=e2323879 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23879|pmid=37459101 |pmc=10352857 }} a study for the first time determines a wet-bulb temperature threshold where it may be physiologically too hot for daily activity by young healthy adults due to an increase in cardiovascular strain, showing this limit is crossed at a lower temperature than thought previously (20 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Cottle |first1=Rachel M. |last2=Fisher |first2=Kat G. |last3=Wolf |first3=S. Tony |last4=Kenney |first4=W. Larry |title=Onset of cardiovascular drift during progressive heat stress in young adults (PSU HEAT project) |journal=Journal of Applied Physiology |date=1 August 2023 |volume=135 |issue=2 |pages=292–299 |doi=10.1152/japplphysiol.00222.2023 |pmid=37348014 |pmc=10393325 |language=en |issn=8750-7587 }} researchers elaborate in a scientific journal why they conclude that "new nuclear is a costly and dangerous distraction" in climate change mitigation (21 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Haywood |first1=Luke |last2=Leroutier |first2=Marion |last3=Pietzcker |first3=Robert |title=Why investing in new nuclear plants is bad for the climate |journal=Joule |date=August 2023 |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=1675–1678 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2023.07.006|s2cid=260082260 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023Joule...7.1675H }} a study affirms recent findings that suggest revived ancient pathogens from either potential lab-leaks or from permafrost thawing represent significant risks (27 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Strona |first1=Giovanni |last2=Bradshaw |first2=Corey J. A. |last3=Cardoso |first3=Pedro |last4=Gotelli |first4=Nicholas J. |last5=Guillaume |first5=Frédéric |last6=Manca |first6=Federica |last7=Mustonen |first7=Ville |last8=Zaman |first8=Luis |title=Time-travelling pathogens and their risk to ecological communities |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |date=27 July 2023 |volume=19 |issue=7 |pages=e1011268 |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011268 |pmid=37498846 |pmc=10374110 |bibcode=2023PLSCB..19E1268S |language=en |issn=1553-7358|doi-access=free}} scientists provide data about the genetic basis of induced parthenogenesis in sexually reproducing fruit flies which could inform pest control (28 July).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sperling |first1=Alexis L. |last2=Fabian |first2=Daniel K. |last3=Garrison |first3=Erik |last4=Glover |first4=David M. |title=A genetic basis for facultative parthenogenesis in Drosophila |journal=Current Biology |date=July 2023 |volume=33 |issue=17 |pages=3545–3560.e13 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.006|pmid=37516115 |doi-access=free|pmc=11044649 |bibcode=2023CBio...33E3545S }}
{{vanchor|Innovations_July|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are reported}}: a viable real-time pathogen air quality (pAQ) sensor is demonstrated (10 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Puthussery |first1=Joseph V. |last2=Ghumra |first2=Dishit P. |last3=McBrearty |first3=Kevin R. |last4=Doherty |first4=Brookelyn M. |last5=Sumlin |first5=Benjamin J. |last6=Sarabandi |first6=Amirhossein |last7=Mandal |first7=Anushka Garg |last8=Shetty |first8=Nishit J. |last9=Gardiner |first9=Woodrow D. |last10=Magrecki |first10=Jordan P. |last11=Brody |first11=David L. |last12=Esparza |first12=Thomas J. |last13=Bricker |first13=Traci L. |last14=Boon |first14=Adrianus C. M. |last15=Yuede |first15=Carla M. |last16=Cirrito |first16=John R. |last17=Chakrabarty |first17=Rajan K. |title=Real-time environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols |journal=Nature Communications |date=10 July 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=3692 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39419-z |pmid=37429842 |pmc=10333287 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.3692P |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}} a performant open source AI software for protein design (RFdiffusion) is introduced (11 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Watson |first1=Joseph L. |last2=Juergens |first2=David |last3=Bennett |first3=Nathaniel R. |last4=Trippe |first4=Brian L. |last5=Yim |first5=Jason |last6=Eisenach |first6=Helen E. |last7=Ahern |first7=Woody |last8=Borst |first8=Andrew J. |last9=Ragotte |first9=Robert J. |last10=Milles |first10=Lukas F. |last11=Wicky |first11=Basile I. M. |last12=Hanikel |first12=Nikita |last13=Pellock |first13=Samuel J. |last14=Courbet |first14=Alexis |last15=Sheffler |first15=William |last16=Wang |first16=Jue |last17=Venkatesh |first17=Preetham |last18=Sappington |first18=Isaac |last19=Torres |first19=Susana Vázquez |last20=Lauko |first20=Anna |last21=De Bortoli |first21=Valentin |last22=Mathieu |first22=Emile |last23=Ovchinnikov |first23=Sergey |last24=Barzilay |first24=Regina |last25=Jaakkola |first25=Tommi S. |last26=DiMaio |first26=Frank |last27=Baek |first27=Minkyung |last28=Baker |first28=David |title=De novo design of protein structure and function with RFdiffusion |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7976 |pages=1089–1100 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06415-8 |pmid=37433327 |pmc=10468394 |bibcode=2023Natur.620.1089W |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}} metaresearchers show that AI trained with study-author-networks data could generate scientifically promising "alien" hypotheses that would likely not be considered otherwise (13 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sourati |first1=Jamshid |last2=Evans |first2=James A. |title=Accelerating science with human-aware artificial intelligence |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |date=13 July 2023 |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=1682–1696 |doi=10.1038/s41562-023-01648-z |pmid=37443269 |language=en |issn=2397-3374|arxiv=2306.01495|s2cid=259064119 }} a study affirms that novel wearable more accessible TD-fNIRS headgear can be used instead of stationary fMRI with new findings about neurological effects of psychedelics (19 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Castillo |first1=Adelaida |last2=Dubois |first2=Julien |last3=Field |first3=Ryan M. |last4=Fishburn |first4=Frank |last5=Gundran |first5=Andrew |last6=Ho |first6=Wilson C. |last7=Jawhar |first7=Sami |last8=Kates-Harbeck |first8=Julian |last9=M. Aghajan |first9=Zahra |last10=Miller |first10=Naomi |last11=Perdue |first11=Katherine L. |last12=Phillips |first12=Jake |last13=Ryan |first13=Wesley C. |last14=Shafiei |first14=Mahdi |last15=Scholkmann |first15=Felix |last16=Taylor |first16=Moriah |title=Measuring acute effects of subanesthetic ketamine on cerebrovascular hemodynamics in humans using TD-fNIRS |journal=Scientific Reports |date=19 July 2023 |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=11665 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-38258-8 |pmid=37468572 |pmc=10356754 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1311665C |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}} researchers demonstrate a DNA-sequencing-based technique to more effectively curb illegal sealife trade at warehouses and boats (19 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Prasetyo |first1=Andhika P. |last2=Murray |first2=Joanna M. |last3=Kurniawan |first3=Muh. Firdaus A. K. |last4=Sales |first4=Naiara G. |last5=McDevitt |first5=Allan D. |last6=Mariani |first6=Stefano |title=Shark-dust: Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing of processing residues for trade monitoring of threatened sharks and rays |journal=Conservation Letters |date=19 July 2023 |volume=16 |issue=5 |doi=10.1111/conl.12971 |language=en |issn=1755-263X|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023ConL...16E2971P }} a study provides an overview and living review of open source LLMs, assessing the levels of openness of their differentiated elements and reviewing the risks of relying on proprietary software or the importance of open source AI (19 July),{{cite book|last1=Liesenfeld |first1=Andreas |last2=Lopez |first2=Alianda |last3=Dingemanse |first3=Mark |title=Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Conversational User Interfaces |chapter=Opening up ChatGPT: Tracking openness, transparency, and accountability in instruction-tuned text generators |date=19 July 2023 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1145/3571884.3604316 |publisher=ACM |language=en|arxiv=2307.05532|isbn=979-8-4007-0014-9 |s2cid=259837343 }}
{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=Interactive up-to-date table |url=https://opening-up-chatgpt.github.io/}} news outlets start reporting on study from June demonstrating record solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies{{Broken anchor|date=2025-06-23|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Green hydrogen#Research|reason= The anchor (Research) has been deleted.|diff_id=1236070725}} (20 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Fehr |first1=Austin M. K. |last2=Agrawal |first2=Ayush |last3=Mandani |first3=Faiz |last4=Conrad |first4=Christian L. |last5=Jiang |first5=Qi |last6=Park |first6=So Yeon |last7=Alley |first7=Olivia |last8=Li |first8=Bor |last9=Sidhik |first9=Siraj |last10=Metcalf |first10=Isaac |last11=Botello |first11=Christopher |last12=Young |first12=James L. |last13=Even |first13=Jacky |last14=Blancon |first14=Jean Christophe |last15=Deutsch |first15=Todd G. |last16=Zhu |first16=Kai |last17=Albrecht |first17=Steve |last18=Toma |first18=Francesca M. |last19=Wong |first19=Michael |last20=Mohite |first20=Aditya D. |title=Integrated halide perovskite photoelectrochemical cells with solar-driven water-splitting efficiency of 20.8% |journal=Nature Communications |date=26 June 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=3797 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39290-y |pmid=37365175 |pmc=10293190 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.3797F |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}} multimodal biomedical Med-PaLM M is introduced (26 July).{{cite arXiv|title=Towards Generalist Biomedical AI|eprint=2307.14334|last1=Tu|first1=Tao|last2=Azizi|first2=Shekoofeh|last3=Driess|first3=Danny|last4=Schaekermann|first4=Mike|last5=Amin|first5=Mohamed|last6=Chang|first6=Pi-Chuan|last7=Carroll|first7=Andrew|last8=Lau|first8=Chuck|last9=Tanno|first9=Ryutaro |last10=Ktena |first10=Ira|last11=Mustafa|first11=Basil|last12=Chowdhery|first12=Aakanksha|last13=Liu|first13=Yun|last14=Kornblith|first14=Simon|last15=Fleet|first15=David|last16=Mansfield|first16=Philip|last17=Prakash|first17=Sushant|last18=Wong|first18=Renee|last19=Virmani|first19=Sunny |last20=Semturs |first20=Christopher|author21=S Sara Mahdavi|last22=Green|first22=Bradley|last23=Dominowska|first23=Ewa|author24=Blaise Aguera y Arcas|last25=Barral|first25=Joelle|last26=Webster|first26=Dale|last27=Corrado|first27=Greg S.|last28=Matias|first28=Yossi|last29=Singhal|first29=Karan |last30=Florence |first30=Pete|date=2023|class=cs.CL|display-authors=1}}
{{vanchor|Therapeutics_July|text=Promising results of health and medical research are reported}}: further{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=Breastfeeding 2023 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/series/Breastfeeding-2023 |publisher=The Lancet |access-date=2 September 2023}} evidence that breastfeeding is important for the cognitive child development due to its unique ingredients (11 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Paquette |first1=Andrew F. |last2=Carbone |first2=Beatrice E. |last3=Vogel |first3=Seth |last4=Israel |first4=Erica |last5=Maria |first5=Sarah D. |last6=Patil |first6=Nikita P. |last7=Sah |first7=Saroj |last8=Chowdhury |first8=Dhrubajyoti |last9=Kondratiuk |first9=Ilona |last10=Labhart |first10=Beau |last11=Morrow |first11=Ardythe L. |last12=Phillips |first12=Shay C. |last13=Kuang |first13=Chenzhong |last14=Hondmann |first14=Dirk |last15=Pandey |first15=Neeraj |last16=Biederer |first16=Thomas |title=The human milk component myo -inositol promotes neuronal connectivity |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=25 July 2023 |volume=120 |issue=30 |pages=e2221413120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2221413120 |pmid=37433002 |pmc=10374161 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12021413P |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}} trialed hydroxyapatite toothpaste – which can also include fluoride in addition – against caries (18 July),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Paszynska |first1=Elzbieta |last2=Pawinska |first2=Malgorzata |last3=Enax |first3=Joachim |last4=Meyer |first4=Frederic |last5=Schulze zur Wiesche |first5=Erik |last6=May |first6=Theodor W. |last7=Amaechi |first7=Bennett T. |last8=Limeback |first8=Hardy |last9=Hernik |first9=Amadeusz |last10=Otulakowska-Skrzynska |first10=Justyna |last11=Krahel |first11=Anna |last12=Kaminska |first12=Inga |last13=Lapinska-Antonczuk |first13=Joanna |last14=Stokowska |first14=Ewa |last15=Gawriolek |first15=Maria |title=Caries-preventing effect of a hydroxyapatite-toothpaste in adults: a 18-month double-blinded randomized clinical trial |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |date=18 July 2023 |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199728 |pmid=37533523 |pmc=10393266 |doi-access=free }} gene therapy eyedrops of Vyjuvek, which was approved in May, against blindness (24 July),{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Gene therapy eyedrops restored a boy's sight. Similar treatments could help millions |url=https://apnews.com/article/gene-therapy-blindness-rare-diseases-58f81838894dfb8568affde0b7e4d2f1 |work=Associated Press News |date=24 July 2023 |language=en}} the second release from the global WikiGuidelines, a practically oriented guideline on the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis, demonstrates a novel approach that incorporates uncertainties more than conventional guideline reviews (31 July).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=McDonald |first1=Emily G. |last2=Aggrey |first2=Gloria |last3=Tarık Aslan |first3=Abdullah |last4=Casias |first4=Michael |last5=Cortes-Penfield |first5=Nicolas |last6=Dong |first6=Mei Qin (Denise) |last7=Egbert |first7=Susan |last8=Footer |first8=Brent |last9=Isler |first9=Burcu |last10=King |first10=Madeline |last11=Maximos |first11=Mira |display-authors=et al. |title=Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Infective Endocarditis in Adults: A WikiGuidelines Group Consensus Statement |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=31 July 2023 |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=e2326366 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.26366 |pmid=37523190 |s2cid=262120299 |issn=2574-3805|doi-access=free }}
Explanation of the used approach: {{#invoke:Cite |web |last1=Spellberg |first1=Brad |last2=Ahn |first2=Jaimo |last3=Centor |first3=Robert |title=Medical guidelines that embrace the humility of uncertainty could help doctors choose treatments with more research evidence behind them |url=https://theconversation.com/medical-guidelines-that-embrace-the-humility-of-uncertainty-could-help-doctors-choose-treatments-with-more-research-evidence-behind-them-183328 |website=The Conversation |access-date=2 September 2023 |language=en |date=4 October 2022}}

=August=

{{vanchor|1 August}}
Global warming: The world's oceans reach a new record high temperature of 20.96 °C, exceeding the previous record in 2016. July is also confirmed as having been the hottest month on record for globally averaged surface air temperatures by a considerable margin.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Ocean heat record broken, with grim implications for the planet |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-66387537|date=4 August 2023|access-date=4 August 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=These places baked the most during Earth's hottest month on record |newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/08/02/july-hottest-month-global-temperatures/|date=2 August 2023|access-date=4 August 2023 }}
Astrobiologists theorise that low-oxygen planets would be unlikely to produce advanced civilisations, as the discovery of fire requires easy access to open-air combustion, which is only possible when oxygen partial pressure is above 18%.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=The Oxygen Bottleneck For Technospheres |newspaper=Astrobiology.com |url=https://astrobiology.com/2023/08/the-oxygen-bottleneck-for-technospheres.html|date=2 August 2023|access-date=3 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Balbi |first1=Amedeo |last2=Frank |first2=Adam |title=The oxygen bottleneck for technospheres |journal=Nature Astronomy |language=en |date=2 August 2023|volume=8 |pages=39–43 |doi=10.1038/s41550-023-02112-8 |arxiv=2308.01160 }}
Researchers list and correct common misconceptions about the human microbiome.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Walker |first1=Alan W. |last2=Hoyles |first2=Lesley |title=Human microbiome myths and misconceptions |journal=Nature Microbiology |date=August 2023 |volume=8 |issue=8 |pages=1392–1396 |doi=10.1038/s41564-023-01426-7 |pmid=37524974 |s2cid=260337353 |language=en |issn=2058-5276|doi-access=free }}
{{vanchor|2 August}}
A small star called TOI-4860 is found to host an unusually large gas giant, named TOI-4860 b. Astronomers believe this pair to be the lowest-mass star hosting such a high-mass planet, challenging theories of planetary formation.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Triaud |first1=Amaury H M J |display-authors=et al. |title=An M dwarf accompanied by a close-in giant orbiter with SPECULOOS |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters |date=4 July 2023 |volume=525 |issue=1 |pages=L98–L104 |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slad097 |language=en |issn=1745-3925|doi-access=free|arxiv=2308.02253 }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=New exoplanet discovery builds better understanding of planet formation |publisher=University of Birmingham |url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/2023/new-exoplanet-discovery-builds-better-understanding-of-planet-formation|date=2 August 2023|access-date=7 August 2023 }}
Scientists report the discovery of an up to now unknown ancient human hominin that may have lived 300,000 years ago in China.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Israely |first=Yogev |title=Remains found in China may belong to previously unknown human lineage – Scientists in eastern China examined a jawbone, fragments of a skull and various foot bones from a hominin that lived approximately 300,000 years ago; Findings suggest this particular lineage bears a closer resemblance to Homo sapiens, or modern-day humans |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/health_science/article/ryjn4f0j3 |date=7 August 2023 |work=YNet News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230807160833/https://www.ynetnews.com/health_science/article/ryjn4f0j3 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |access-date=7 August 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Wu, Xiujie |display-authors=et al.|title=Morphological and morphometric analyses of a late Middle Pleistocene hominin mandible from Hualongdong, China |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248423000908 |date=1 September 2023 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=182 |page=103411 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103411 |pmid=37531709 |bibcode=2023JHumE.18203411W |s2cid=260407114 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230807155729/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248423000908 |archive-date=7 August 2023 |access-date=7 August 2023 }}
Whale Perucetus colossus of the Eocene is shown to potentially be Earth's heaviest-ever animal with 85–340 t.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=The heaviest animal ever may be this ancient whale found in the Peruvian desert |url=https://apnews.com/article/ancient-whale-heaviest-animal-d4e4c1b8eb58bb0ee9702052f6adb457 |access-date=30 September 2023 |work=Associated Press News |date=2 August 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Bianucci |first1=Giovanni |last2=Lambert |first2=Olivier |last3=Urbina |first3=Mario |last4=Merella |first4=Marco |last5=Collareta |first5=Alberto |last6=Bennion |first6=Rebecca |last7=Salas-Gismondi |first7=Rodolfo |last8=Benites-Palomino |first8=Aldo |last9=Post |first9=Klaas |last10=de Muizon |first10=Christian |last11=Bosio |first11=Giulia |last12=Di Celma |first12=Claudio |last13=Malinverno |first13=Elisa |last14=Pierantoni |first14=Pietro Paolo |last15=Villa |first15=Igor Maria |last16=Amson |first16=Eli |title=A heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of vertebrate morphology |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7975 |pages=824–829 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06381-1 |pmid=37532931 |bibcode=2023Natur.620..824B |hdl=10281/434998 |s2cid=260433513 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372854673 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}

File:Dogxim (cropped).png: Dogxim, the first known fox–dog hybrid is reported.]]

{{vanchor|3 August}} – Dogxim, the now-dead first known hybrid of a fox and a domesticated dog, discovered in the wild in Brazil in 2021, is reported.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Szynwelski |first1=Bruna Elenara |last2=Kretschmer |first2=Rafael |last3=Matzenbacher |first3=Cristina Araujo |last4=Ferrari |first4=Flávia |last5=Alievi |first5=Marcelo Meller |last6=de Freitas |first6=Thales Renato Ochotorena |title=Hybridization in Canids—A Case Study of Pampas Fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) Hybrid |journal=Animals |date=January 2023 |volume=13 |issue=15 |page=2505 |doi=10.3390/ani13152505 |pmid=37570312 |pmc=10417603 |language=en |issn=2076-2615|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|8 August}}
Walking more than 3,967 steps each day is shown to reduce the risk of dying prematurely of any cause, based on a study of 226,000 people around the world. This is considerably less than previous recommendations, which have sometimes cited a figure of 10,000+ steps being needed each day.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Fitness: Fewer than 5,000 steps a day enough to boost health – study |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-66440424|date=9 August 2023|access-date=9 August 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Banach |first1=Maciej |last2=Lewek |first2=Joanna |last3=Surma |first3=Stanisław |last4=Penson |first4=Peter E |last5=Sahebkar |first5=Amirhossein |last6=Martin |first6=Seth S |last7=Bajraktari |first7=Gani |last8=Henein |first8=Michael Y |last9=Reiner |first9=Željko |last10=Bielecka-Dąbrowa |first10=Agata |last11=Bytyçi |first11=Ibadete |title=The association between daily step count and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis |journal=European Journal of Preventive Cardiology |date=9 August 2023 |volume=30 |issue=18 |pages=1975–1985 |doi=10.1093/eurjpc/zwad229|pmid=37555441 |doi-access=free}}
European Society of Cardiology press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=World's largest study shows the more you walk, the lower your risk of death, even if you walk fewer than 5,000 steps |work=EurekAlert! |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/997859|date=8 August 2023|access-date=9 August 2023 }}
A study shows activating astrocyte cells in mice with a novel technique makes them stay awake for much longer without making them {{tooltip|sleepier|this refers to "normal compensatory changes in sleep time or intensity"}} or impacting cognition-associated EEG markers.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Ingiosi |first1=Ashley M. |last2=Hayworth |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Frank |first3=Marcos G. |title=Activation of Basal Forebrain Astrocytes Induces Wakefulness without Compensatory Changes in Sleep Drive |journal=Journal of Neuroscience |date=9 August 2023 |volume=43 |issue=32 |pages=5792–5809 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0163-23.2023 |pmid=37487739 |pmc=10423050 |language=en |issn=0270-6474|biorxiv=10.1101/2023.01.09.523360 }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Dongen |first1=Judith Van |title=Lesser-known brain cells may be key to staying awake without cost to cognition, health |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-08-lesser-known-brain-cells-key-staying.html |access-date=1 October 2023 |work=Washington State University via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
{{vanchor|10 August}} – Scientists at Fermilab report the most precise measurement yet of the magnetic moment of the muon. The particles are shown to wobble faster than predicted by the Standard Model, hinting at a possible fifth fundamental force.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Scientists at Fermilab close in on fifth force of nature |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-66407099|date=10 August 2023|access-date=11 August 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Muon g-2 doubles down with latest measurement, explores uncharted territory in search of new physics |work=Fermilab |url=https://news.fnal.gov/2023/08/muon-g-2-doubles-down-with-latest-measurement/|date=10 August 2023|access-date=11 August 2023 }}
{{vanchor|11 August}}
The rise in photosynthesis rates around the world caused by the increase of carbon dioxide is found to have slowed dramatically in the 21st century, as the atmosphere has grown drier.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Study suggests rise in global photosynthesis rate due to increase in carbon dioxide has slowed |work=Phys.org|url=https://phys.org/news/2023-08-global-photosynthesis-due-carbon-dioxide.html|date=11 August 2023|access-date=12 August 2023 |first1=Bob|last1=Yirka}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Li |first1=Fei |last2=Xiao |first2=Jingfeng |last3=Chen |first3=Jiquan |last4=Ballantyne |first4=Ashley |last5=Jin |first5=Ke |last6=Li |first6=Bing |last7=Abraha |first7=Michael |last8=John |first8=Ranjeet |title=Global water use efficiency saturation due to increased vapor pressure deficit |journal=Science |date=11 August 2023 |volume=381 |issue=6658 |pages=672–677 |doi=10.1126/science.adf5041 |pmid=37561856 |bibcode=2023Sci...381..672L |s2cid=260776381 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf5041 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}
A global consortium releases two studies and a database on DNA methylation profiles across 348 mammalian species for use in epigenetic clocks. They provide various new results relating to human aging and animal experiments as well as predictive models that can estimate mammalian tissue age or risk with high accuracy.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Haghani |first1=Amin |last2=Li |first2=Caesar Z. |last3=Robeck |first3=Todd R. |display-authors=et al. |title=DNA methylation networks underlying mammalian traits |journal=Science |date=11 August 2023 |volume=381 |issue=6658 |pages=eabq5693 |doi=10.1126/science.abq5693 |pmid=37561875 |pmc=11180965 |issn=0036-8075|biorxiv=10.1101/2021.03.16.435708|s2cid=260776387 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373045035|hdl=20.500.11820/eaafb00f-2c73-44ba-91ec-bc9b304f0bdd |hdl-access=free }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Global consortium creates database and universal 'clock' to estimate age in all mammalian tissues |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-08-global-consortium-database-universal-clock.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |publisher=University of California, Los Angeles via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lu |first1=A. T. |last2=Fei |first2=Z. |last3=Haghani |first3=A. |last4=Robeck |first4=T. R. |display-authors=et al. |title=Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues |journal=Nature Aging |date=September 2023 |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=1144–1166 |doi=10.1038/s43587-023-00462-6 |pmid=37563227 |pmc=10501909 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}} On 16 August, a study indicates chest radiographs evaluated using AI could be a performant biomarker for aging clocks.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Mitsuyama |first1=Yasuhito |last2=Matsumoto |first2=Toshimasa |last3=Tatekawa |first3=Hiroyuki |last4=Walston |first4=Shannon L |last5=Kimura |first5=Tatsuo |last6=Yamamoto |first6=Akira |last7=Watanabe |first7=Toshio |last8=Miki |first8=Yukio |last9=Ueda |first9=Daiju |title=Chest radiography as a biomarker of ageing: artificial intelligence-based, multi-institutional model development and validation in Japan |journal=The Lancet Healthy Longevity |date=September 2023 |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=e478–e486 |doi=10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00133-2|pmid=37597530 |doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|12 August}} – Amateur astronomer Hideo Nishimura announces the discovery of Comet Nishimura (officially, "C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)"), a long-period comet that may be observable in the first days of September 2023 before sunrise.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Miller |first=Katrina |title=Don't Miss Comet Nishimura This Weekend, a Once-in-a-Lifetime View – For the next few mornings, just before sunrise, the cosmic snowball will glow green low on the horizon. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/08/science/comet-nishimura.html |date=8 September 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230909015534/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/08/science/comet-nishimura.html |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 }}
{{vanchor|16 August}}
LK-99 is shown to lack the properties required for a room-temperature superconductor under ambient pressure, following weeks of speculation among the scientific community and in the media.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=LK-99 isn't a superconductor – how science sleuths solved the mystery |work=Nature|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02585-7#Bib1|date=16 August 2023|access-date=17 August 2023 |url-access=subscription}}
Three studies indicate platelets, including or especially FF4, are exerkines with health- and life-extension-potential that rejuvenate aging brains of mice.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Leiter |first1=Odette |last2=Brici |first2=David |last3=Fletcher |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Yong |first4=Xuan Ling Hilary |last5=Widagdo |first5=Jocelyn |last6=Matigian |first6=Nicholas |last7=Schroer |first7=Adam B. |last8=Bieri |first8=Gregor |last9=Blackmore |first9=Daniel G. |last10=Bartlett |first10=Perry F. |last11=Anggono |first11=Victor |last12=Villeda |first12=Saul A. |last13=Walker |first13=Tara L. |title=Platelet-derived exerkine CXCL4/platelet factor 4 rejuvenates hippocampal neurogenesis and restores cognitive function in aged mice |journal=Nature Communications |date=16 August 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4375 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39873-9 |pmid=37587147 |pmc=10432533 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4375L |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Schroer |first1=Adam B. |last2=Ventura |first2=Patrick B. |last3=Sucharov |first3=Juliana |last4=Misra |first4=Rhea |last5=Chui |first5=M. K. Kirsten |last6=Bieri |first6=Gregor |last7=Horowitz |first7=Alana M. |last8=Smith |first8=Lucas K. |last9=Encabo |first9=Katriel |last10=Tenggara |first10=Imelda |last11=Couthouis |first11=Julien |last12=Gross |first12=Joshua D. |last13=Chan |first13=June M. |last14=Luke |first14=Anthony |last15=Villeda |first15=Saul A. |title=Platelet factors attenuate inflammation and rescue cognition in ageing |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7976 |pages=1071–1079 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06436-3 |pmid=37587343 |pmc=10468395 |bibcode=2023Natur.620.1071S |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Park |first1=Cana |last2=Hahn |first2=Oliver |last3=Gupta |first3=Shweta |last4=Moreno |first4=Arturo J. |last5=Marino |first5=Francesca |last6=Kedir |first6=Blen |last7=Wang |first7=Dan |last8=Villeda |first8=Saul A. |last9=Wyss-Coray |first9=Tony |last10=Dubal |first10=Dena B. |title=Platelet factors are induced by longevity factor klotho and enhance cognition in young and aging mice |journal=Nature Aging |date=September 2023 |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=1067–1078 |doi=10.1038/s43587-023-00468-0 |pmid=37587231 |pmc=10501899 |language=en |issn=2662-8465|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|17 August}} – Scientists publish what could be the first study both investigating climate-polluting investments and proposing taxation thereof as transformative revenue for climate finance, i.a. indicating "40% of total U.S. emissions were associated with income flows to the highest earning 10% of households" in 2019 with a growing emissions inequality.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Starr |first1=Jared |last2=Nicolson |first2=Craig |last3=Ash |first3=Michael |last4=Markowitz |first4=Ezra M. |last5=Moran |first5=Daniel |title=Income-based U.S. household carbon footprints (1990–2019) offer new insights on emissions inequality and climate finance |journal=PLOS Climate |date=17 August 2023 |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=e0000190 |doi=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000190 |language=en |issn=2767-3200|doi-access=free|hdl=11250/3101168 |hdl-access=free }}
{{vanchor|18 August}} – A study investigating public policies and spending as well as lobbying activities regarding a transition to a sustainable food system finds that governments "largely ignore the climate-mitigation potential of animal product analogs" and that food production has 'lock-in' problems.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Vallone |first1=Simona |last2=Lambin |first2=Eric F. |title=Public policies and vested interests preserve the animal farming status quo at the expense of animal product analogs |journal=One Earth |date=September 2023 |volume=6 |issue=9 |pages=1213–1226 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.07.013|s2cid=261010773 |doi-access=free }}
{{vanchor|23 August}}
India's Chandrayaan-3 becomes the first spacecraft to land near the south pole of the Moon, where frozen water is believed to exist.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=India makes history as Chandrayaan-3 lands near Moon's south pole |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-india-66576580|date=23 August 2023|access-date=23 August 2023 }}
The complete sequencing of a human Y chromosome with the discovery of 41 additional genes is announced in Nature.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |title=The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06457-y| date=23 August 2023|last1=Rhie |first1=Arang |last2=Nurk |first2=Sergey |last3=Cechova |first3=Monika |last4=Hoyt |first4=Savannah J. |last5=Taylor |first5=Dylan J. |last6=Altemose |first6=Nicolas |last7=Hook |first7=Paul W. |last8=Koren |first8=Sergey |last9=Rautiainen |first9=Mikko |last10=Alexandrov |first10=Ivan A. |last11=Allen |first11=Jamie |last12=Asri |first12=Mobin |last13=Bzikadze |first13=Andrey V. |last14=Chen |first14=Nae-Chyun |last15=Chin |first15=Chen-Shan |last16=Diekhans |first16=Mark |last17=Flicek |first17=Paul |last18=Formenti |first18=Giulio |last19=Fungtammasan |first19=Arkarachai |last20=Garcia Giron |first20=Carlos |last21=Garrison |first21=Erik |last22=Gershman |first22=Ariel |last23=Gerton |first23=Jennifer L. |last24=Grady |first24=Patrick G. S. |last25=Guarracino |first25=Andrea |last26=Haggerty |first26=Leanne |last27=Halabian |first27=Reza |last28=Hansen |first28=Nancy F. |last29=Harris |first29=Robert |last30=Hartley |first30=Gabrielle A. |volume=621 |issue=7978 |pages=344–354 |pmid=37612512 |pmc=10752217 |bibcode=2023Natur.621..344R |s2cid=254181409 |display-authors=1 |biorxiv=10.1101/2022.12.01.518724}} On the same day, a study reports the assembly of 43 diverse Y chromosomes, revealing large variability such as a range in size from 45.2 to 84.9 million base-pairs.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Hallast |first1=Pille |last2=Ebert |first2=Peter |last3=Loftus |first3=Mark |last4=Yilmaz |first4=Feyza |last5=Audano |first5=Peter A. |last6=Logsdon |first6=Glennis A. |last7=Bonder |first7=Marc Jan |last8=Zhou |first8=Weichen |last9=Höps |first9=Wolfram |last10=Kim |first10=Kwondo |last11=Li |first11=Chong |last12=Hoyt |first12=Savannah J. |last13=Dishuck |first13=Philip C. |last14=Porubsky |first14=David |last15=Tsetsos |first15=Fotios |last16=Kwon |first16=Jee Young |last17=Zhu |first17=Qihui |last18=Munson |first18=Katherine M. |last19=Hasenfeld |first19=Patrick |last20=Harvey |first20=William T. |last21=Lewis |first21=Alexandra P. |last22=Kordosky |first22=Jennifer |last23=Hoekzema |first23=Kendra |last24=O'Neill |first24=Rachel J. |last25=Korbel |first25=Jan O. |last26=Tyler-Smith |first26=Chris |last27=Eichler |first27=Evan E. |last28=Shi |first28=Xinghua |last29=Beck |first29=Christine R. |last30=Marschall |first30=Tobias |last31=Konkel |first31=Miriam K. |last32=Lee |first32=Charles |title=Assembly of 43 human Y chromosomes reveals extensive complexity and variation |journal=Nature |date=September 2023 |volume=621 |issue=7978 |pages=355–364 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06425-6 |pmid=37612510 |pmc=10726138 |bibcode=2023Natur.621..355H |language=en |issn=1476-4687|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.12.01.518658|s2cid=261098546 }}
A study indicates factors contributing to the longevity of long-living organisms can be transferred between species, particularly from naked mole-rats {{tooltip|to mice|in this experimental case, this particular change resulted in "an increase of 4.4% in median lifespan and 12.2% in maximum lifespan"}}.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Zhihui |last2=Tian |first2=Xiao |last3=Lu |first3=J. Yuyang |last4=Boit |first4=Kathryn |last5=Ablaeva |first5=Julia |last6=Zakusilo |first6=Frances Tolibzoda |last7=Emmrich |first7=Stephan |last8=Firsanov |first8=Denis |last9=Rydkina |first9=Elena |last10=Biashad |first10=Seyed Ali |last11=Lu |first11=Quan |last12=Tyshkovskiy |first12=Alexander |last13=Gladyshev |first13=Vadim N. |last14=Horvath |first14=Steve |last15=Seluanov |first15=Andrei |last16=Gorbunova |first16=Vera |title=Increased hyaluronan by naked mole-rat Has2 improves healthspan in mice |journal=Nature |date=September 2023 |volume=621 |issue=7977 |pages=196–205 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06463-0 |pmid=37612507 |pmc=10666664 |bibcode=2023Natur.621..196Z |s2cid=261100218 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370684489 |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
{{vanchor|28 August}}
A study estimates that global warming of 2 °C could result in the mass deaths of 1 billion people by 2100.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Pearce |first1=Joshua M. |last2=Parncutt |first2=Richard |title=Quantifying Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Human Deaths to Guide Energy Policy |journal=Energies |date=January 2023 |volume=16 |issue=16 |page=6074 |doi=10.3390/en16166074 |language=en |issn=1996-1073|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Climate-changing human activity may cause 1 billion deaths |publisher=Western University |url=https://news.westernu.ca/2023/08/climate-change-human-deaths/|date=28 August 2023|access-date=29 August 2023 }}
Astronomers film an impact event, likely by an asteroid, on the planet Jupiter.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Miller |first=Katrina |title=A Fireball Whacked into Jupiter, and Astronomers Got It on Video – In August, stargazers in Japan recorded a bright flash on the giant gas planet. Scientists want to use data like this to study our solar system's birth. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/15/science/jupiter-comet-flashes.html |date=15 September 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230915183945/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/15/science/jupiter-comet-flashes.html |archive-date=15 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 }}
Researchers demonstrate in two separate studies that quantum simulators, e.g. using trapped ions, can be used to directly observe quantum effects at time-scales far beyond prior approaches, slowing down femtosecond-scale photo-chemical reactions or dynamics around conical intersections 100 billion times.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Valahu |first1=C. H. |last2=Olaya-Agudelo |first2=V. C. |last3=MacDonell |first3=R. J. |last4=Navickas |first4=T. |last5=Rao |first5=A. D. |last6=Millican |first6=M. J. |last7=Pérez-Sánchez |first7=J. B. |last8=Yuen-Zhou |first8=J. |last9=Biercuk |first9=M. J. |last10=Hempel |first10=C. |last11=Tan |first11=T. R. |last12=Kassal |first12=I. |title=Direct observation of geometric-phase interference in dynamics around a conical intersection |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=28 August 2023 |volume=15 |issue=11 |pages=1503–1508 |doi=10.1038/s41557-023-01300-3 |pmid=37640849 |language=en |issn=1755-4349|arxiv=2211.07320|bibcode=2023NatCh..15.1503V |s2cid=260866421 }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Scientists use quantum device to slow down simulated chemical reaction 100 billion times |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-08-scientists-quantum-device-simulated-chemical.html |access-date=5 October 2023 |publisher=University of Sydney via phys.org |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Whitlow |first1=Jacob |last2=Jia |first2=Zhubing |last3=Wang |first3=Ye |last4=Fang |first4=Chao |last5=Kim |first5=Jungsang |last6=Brown |first6=Kenneth R. |title=Quantum simulation of conical intersections using trapped ions |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=28 August 2023 |volume=15 |issue=11 |pages=1509–1514 |doi=10.1038/s41557-023-01303-0 |pmid=37640856 |language=en |issn=1755-4349|arxiv=2211.07319|bibcode=2023NatCh..15.1509W |s2cid=261309270 }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Kingery |first1=Ken |title=Quantum computer unveils atomic dynamics of light-sensitive molecules |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-08-quantum-unveils-atomic-dynamics-light-sensitive.html |work=Duke University via phys.org |language=en}}
A preprint models Earth as seen from TRAPPIST-1e and indicates that from this 41 light-years distant vantage point, human civilization would be detectable with the James Webb Space Telescope due to atmospheric signatures including air pollution.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lustig-Yaeger |first1=Jacob |last2=Meadows |first2=Victoria S. |last3=Crisp |first3=David |last4=Line |first4=Michael R. |last5=Robinson |first5=Tyler D. |title=Earth as a Transiting Exoplanet: A Validation of Transmission Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Retrieval Methodologies for Terrestrial Exoplanets |journal=The Planetary Science Journal |language=en |date=28 August 2023|volume=4 |issue=9 |page=170 |doi=10.3847/PSJ/acf3e5 |arxiv=2308.14804 |bibcode=2023PSJ.....4..170L |doi-access=free }}
{{vanchor|30 August}} – Autonomous drones win first races against human champions of FPV drone racing.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kaufmann |first1=Elia |last2=Bauersfeld |first2=Leonard |last3=Loquercio |first3=Antonio |last4=Müller |first4=Matthias |last5=Koltun |first5=Vladlen |last6=Scaramuzza |first6=Davide |title=Champion-level drone racing using deep reinforcement learning |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7976 |pages=982–987 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06419-4 |pmid=37648758 |pmc=10468397 |bibcode=2023Natur.620..982K |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|31 August}} – Researchers report, based on genetic studies, that a human ancestor population bottleneck (from a possible 100,000 to 1,000 individuals) occurred "around 930,000 and 813,000 years ago ... lasted for about 117,000 years and brought human ancestors close to extinction."{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Zimmer |title=Humanity's Ancestors Nearly Died Out, Genetic Study Suggests – The population crashed following climate change about 930,000 years ago, scientists concluded. Other experts aren't convinced by the analysis. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/31/science/human-survival-bottleneck.html |date=31 August 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url= https://archive.today/20230831182259/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/31/science/human-survival-bottleneck.html |archive-date=31 August 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Hu, Wangjie |display-authors=et al. |title=Genomic inference of a severe human bottleneck during the Early to Middle Pleistocene transition |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373553749 |date=31 August 2023 |journal=Science |volume=381 |issue=6661 |pages=979–984 |doi=10.1126/science.abq7487 |pmid=37651513 |bibcode=2023Sci...381..979H |s2cid=261396309 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230901024052/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq7487 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |access-date=2 September 2023 }}

File:1994- Global average temperature during June-July-August.svg

{{vanchor|Innovations_August|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are reported}}: AI-supported mammography screening is demonstrated to have the potential to substantially reduce workload and to possibly improve cancer detection rates (1 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lång |first1=Kristina |last2=Josefsson |first2=Viktoria |last3=Larsson |first3=Anna-Maria |last4=Larsson |first4=Stefan |last5=Högberg |first5=Charlotte |last6=Sartor |first6=Hanna |last7=Hofvind |first7=Solveig |last8=Andersson |first8=Ingvar |last9=Rosso |first9=Aldana |title=Artificial intelligence-supported screen reading versus standard double reading in the Mammography Screening with Artificial Intelligence trial (MASAI): a clinical safety analysis of a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority, single-blinded, screening accuracy study |journal=The Lancet Oncology |date=August 2023 |volume=24 |issue=8 |pages=936–944 |doi=10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00298-X |pmid=37541274 |hdl=10037/32977 |s2cid=260414569 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(23)00298-X/fulltext|url-access=subscription}} a review outlines applications and challenges of using AI to accelerate science (2 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Wang |first1=Hanchen |last2=Fu |first2=Tianfan |last3=Du |first3=Yuanqi |last4=Gao |first4=Wenhao |last5=Huang |first5=Kexin |last6=Liu |first6=Ziming |last7=Chandak |first7=Payal |last8=Liu |first8=Shengchao |last9=Van Katwyk |first9=Peter |last10=Deac |first10=Andreea |last11=Anandkumar |first11=Anima |last12=Bergen |first12=Karianne |last13=Gomes |first13=Carla P. |last14=Ho |first14=Shirley |last15=Kohli |first15=Pushmeet |last16=Lasenby |first16=Joan|author16-link=Joan Lasenby |last17=Leskovec |first17=Jure |last18=Liu |first18=Tie-Yan |last19=Manrai |first19=Arjun |last20=Marks |first20=Debora |last21=Ramsundar |first21=Bharath |last22=Song |first22=Le |last23=Sun |first23=Jimeng |last24=Tang |first24=Jian |last25=Veličković |first25=Petar |last26=Welling |first26=Max |last27=Zhang |first27=Linfeng |last28=Coley |first28=Connor W. |last29=Bengio |first29=Yoshua |last30=Zitnik |first30=Marinka |title=Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7972 |pages=47–60 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06221-2 |pmid=37532811 |bibcode=2023Natur.620...47W |s2cid=260384616 |url=https://cs.stanford.edu/~jure/pubs/discovery-nature23.pdf |language=en |issn=1476-4687}} a low-cost method for targeted long-read RNA sequencing that could accelerate development of diagnostics and treatments (TEQUILA-seq) (8 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Wang |first1=Feng |last2=Xu |first2=Yang |last3=Wang |first3=Robert |last4=Zhang |first4=Beatrice |last5=Smith |first5=Noah |last6=Notaro |first6=Amber |last7=Gaerlan |first7=Samantha |last8=Kutschera |first8=Eric |last9=Kadash-Edmondson |first9=Kathryn E. |last10=Xing |first10=Yi |last11=Lin |first11=Lan |title=TEQUILA-seq: a versatile and low-cost method for targeted long-read RNA sequencing |journal=Nature Communications |date=8 August 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4760 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-40083-6 |pmid=37553321 |pmc=10409798 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4760W |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}} a new separate protein database ranks proteins based on how little is known about them (Unknome) (8 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Rocha |first1=João J. |last2=Jayaram |first2=Satish Arcot |last3=Stevens |first3=Tim J. |last4=Muschalik |first4=Nadine |last5=Shah |first5=Rajen D. |last6=Emran |first6=Sahar |last7=Robles |first7=Cristina |last8=Freeman |first8=Matthew |last9=Munro |first9=Sean |title=Functional unknomics: Systematic screening of conserved genes of unknown function |journal=PLOS Biology |date=8 August 2023 |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=e3002222 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002222 |pmid=37552676 |pmc=10409296 |language=en |issn=1545-7885|doi-access=free}} the company that built the world's first hydrogen trains switches to electric models since they are "cheaper to operate" (9 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Papadopoulos |first1=Loukia |title=First adopter of hydrogen trains switches to electric models |url=https://interestingengineering.com/transportation/first-adopter-of-hydrogen-trains-switches-to-electric-models |access-date=7 October 2023 |work=interestingengineering.com |date=10 August 2023}} a cryopreservation method for extinction-threatened corals (23 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Powell-Palm |first1=Matthew J. |last2=Henley |first2=E. Michael |last3=Consiglio |first3=Anthony N. |last4=Lager |first4=Claire |last5=Chang |first5=Brooke |last6=Perry |first6=Riley |last7=Fitzgerald |first7=Kendall |last8=Daly |first8=Jonathan |last9=Rubinsky |first9=Boris |last10=Hagedorn |first10=Mary |title=Cryopreservation and revival of Hawaiian stony corals using isochoric vitrification |journal=Nature Communications |date=23 August 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4859 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-40500-w |pmid=37612315 |pmc=10447501 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4859P |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}} a CRISPR-free base editing system without guide RNA that enables also editing chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes with precision (CyDENT) (28 Aug).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Hu |first1=Jiacheng |last2=Sun |first2=Yu |last3=Li |first3=Boshu |last4=Liu |first4=Zhen |last5=Wang |first5=Zhiwei |last6=Gao |first6=Qiang |last7=Guo |first7=Mengyue |last8=Liu |first8=Guanwen |last9=Zhao |first9=Kevin Tianmeng |last10=Gao |first10=Caixia |title=Strand-preferred base editing of organellar and nuclear genomes using CyDENT |journal=Nature Biotechnology |date=28 August 2023 |volume=42 |issue=6 |pages=936–945 |doi=10.1038/s41587-023-01910-9 |pmid=37640945 |s2cid=261318917 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373481221 |language=en |issn=1546-1696|url-access=subscription}}
Research institute press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Nannan |first1=Zhang |title=Geneticists develop novel base editors |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-08-geneticists-base-editors.html |access-date=7 October 2023 |work=Chinese Academy of Sciences via phys.org |language=en}}
{{vanchor|Hazards_August|text=Hazard research is published}}: a study demonstrates that exposure to microplastics causes neurobehavioral and immunological changes in mammals (mice), varying by age (1 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Gaspar |first1=Lauren |last2=Bartman |first2=Sydney |last3=Coppotelli |first3=Giuseppe |last4=Ross |first4=Jaime M. |title=Acute Exposure to Microplastics Induced Changes in Behavior and Inflammation in Young and Old Mice |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |date=January 2023 |volume=24 |issue=15 |page=12308 |doi=10.3390/ijms241512308 |pmid=37569681 |pmc=10418951 |language=en |issn=1422-0067|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Study finds that microplastics infiltrate all systems of body, cause behavioral changes in mice |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-08-microplastics-infiltrate-body-behavioral-mice.html |access-date=7 October 2023 |publisher=University of Rhode Island via medicalxpress.com |language=en}} a study shows people can't reliably detect speech deepfakes with detection for years-old AI software being at 73% (2 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Mai |first1=Kimberly T. |last2=Bray |first2=Sergi |last3=Davies |first3=Toby |last4=Griffin |first4=Lewis D. |title=Warning: Humans cannot reliably detect speech deepfakes |journal=PLOS ONE |date=2 August 2023 |volume=18 |issue=8 |pages=e0285333 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0285333 |pmid=37531336 |pmc=10395974 |arxiv=2301.07829 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1885333M |language=en |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}} researchers report an unprecedented accuracy of reading keystrokes from audio of smartphone-recordings or video-chats (7 Aug),{{cite book|last1=Harrison |first1=Joshua |last2=Toreini |first2=Ehsan |last3=Mehrnezhad |first3=Maryam |title=2023 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW) |chapter=A Practical Deep Learning-Based Acoustic Side Channel Attack on Keyboards |date=July 2023 |pages=270–280 |doi=10.1109/EuroSPW59978.2023.00034|arxiv=2308.01074 |isbn=979-8-3503-2720-5 |s2cid=260378727 }} a global survey study of climate policy researchers finds these experts substantially doubt the prevailing green growth narrative, "underscor[ing] the importance of considering alternative post-growth perspectives" that include approaches of agrowth and degrowth (7 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=King |first1=Lewis C. |last2=Savin |first2=Ivan |last3=Drews |first3=Stefan |title=Shades of green growth scepticism among climate policy researchers |journal=Nature Sustainability |date=7 August 2023 |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=1316–1320 |doi=10.1038/s41893-023-01198-2 |bibcode=2023NatSu...6.1316K |hdl=10630/34655 |s2cid=260176492 |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=4516544 |language=en |issn=2398-9629}} a study investigating results from a GBD study finds that while age-standardized number of cardiovascular deaths from PM air pollution have declined during the past three decades, all-age DALYs increased by 31%, reaching ~89 million years in 2019, to which years of potential life lost contributed the most with ~82 million years lost during this year (9 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Moradi |first1=Mahsa |last2=Behnoush |first2=Amir Hossein |last3=Abbasi-Kangevari |first3=Mohsen |last4=Saeedi Moghaddam |first4=Sahar |last5=Soleimani |first5=Zahra |last6=Esfahani |first6=Zahra |last7=Naderian |first7=Mohammadreza |last8=Malekpour |first8=Mohammad-Reza |last9=Rezaei |first9=Nazila |last10=Keykhaei |first10=Mohammad |last11=Khanmohammadi |first11=Shaghayegh |last12=Tavolinejad |first12=Hamed |last13=Rezaei |first13=Negar |last14=Larijani |first14=Bagher |last15=Farzadfar |first15=Farshad |title=Particulate Matter Pollution Remains a Threat for Cardiovascular Health: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2019 |journal=Journal of the American Heart Association |date=15 August 2023 |volume=12 |issue=16 |pages=e029375 |doi=10.1161/JAHA.123.029375 |pmid=37555373 |pmc=10492946 |language=en |issn=2047-9980}} a study indicates a third of men worldwide are infected with genital human papillomavirus which is relevant to cancer prevention, long-term sequelae and vaccination (16 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Bruni |first1=Laia |last2=Albero |first2=Ginesa |last3=Rowley |first3=Jane |last4=Alemany |first4=Laia |last5=Arbyn |first5=Marc |last6=Giuliano |first6=Anna R |last7=Markowitz |first7=Lauri E |last8=Broutet |first8=Nathalie |last9=Taylor |first9=Melanie |title=Global and regional estimates of genital human papillomavirus prevalence among men: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=The Lancet Global Health |date=September 2023 |volume=11 |issue=9 |pages=e1345–e1362 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(23)00305-4|pmid=37591583 |pmc=10447222 }} a preprint confirms smart bulbs may often be one of the weakest links that can be used to gain access to a nearby person's Wi-Fi network (17 Aug),{{cite book|last1=Bonaventura |first1=Davide |last2=Esposito |first2=Sergio |last3=Bella |first3=Giampaolo |title=Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Security and Cryptography |chapter=Smart Bulbs can be Hacked to Hack into your Household |pages=218–229 |doi=10.5220/0012092900003555 |date=2023|arxiv=2308.09019 |isbn=978-989-758-666-8 |s2cid=259890373 }} a GBD study projects cure-less osteoarthritis to affect nearly one billion people by 2050 (21 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Steinmetz |first1=Jaimie D |last2=Culbreth |first2=Garland T |last3=Haile |first3=Lydia M |last4=Rafferty |first4=Quinn |display-authors=et al. |title=Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990–2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |journal=The Lancet Rheumatology |date=September 2023 |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=e508–e522 |doi=10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00163-7|pmid=37675071 |pmc=10477960 |doi-access=free}} a study indicates that all types of straws, including paper straws, except for those made of stainless steel and few exceptions, expose people and their environments to PFAS (24 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Boisacq |first1=Pauline |last2=De Keuster |first2=Maarten |last3=Prinsen |first3=Els |last4=Jeong |first4=Yunsun |last5=Bervoets |first5=Lieven |last6=Eens |first6=Marcel |last7=Covaci |first7=Adrian |last8=Willems |first8=Tim |last9=Groffen |first9=Thimo |title=Assessment of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in commercially available drinking straws using targeted and suspect screening approaches |journal=Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A |date=2 September 2023 |volume=40 |issue=9 |pages=1230–1241 |doi=10.1080/19440049.2023.2240908 |pmid=37619405 |s2cid=261120750 |language=en |issn=1944-0049|doi-access=free }} a study indicates cannabis is often a source of exposure to the contaminants cadmium and lead (30 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=McGraw |first1=Katlyn E. |last2=Nigra |first2=Anne E. |last3=Klett |first3=Joshua |last4=Sobel |first4=Marisa |last5=Oelsner |first5=Elizabeth C. |last6=Navas-Acien |first6=Ana |last7=Hu |first7=Xin |last8=Sanchez |first8=Tiffany R. |title=Blood and Urinary Metal Levels among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005–2018) |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |date=August 2023 |volume=131 |issue=8 |doi=10.1289/EHP12074 |pmid=37646523 |pmc=10467359 |bibcode=2023EnvHP.131h7019M |language=en |issn=0091-6765}} researchers demonstrate Web browser extensions can gather passwords from input fields of many of the largest websites (30 Aug).{{cite arXiv|title=Exposing and Addressing Security Vulnerabilities in Browser Text Input Fields|eprint=2308.16321|last1=Nayak|first1=Asmit|last2=Khandelwal|first2=Rishabh|last3=Fawaz|first3=Kassem|date=2023|class=cs.CR}}
{{vanchor|Therapeutics_August|text=Promising results of health and medical research are reported}}: mice- and dogs-tested AOH1996 against cancer growth and for combination with other anti-cancer agents (1 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Gu |first1=Long |last2=Li |first2=Min |last3=Li |first3=Caroline M. |last4=Haratipour |first4=Pouya |last5=Lingeman |first5=Robert |last6=Jossart |first6=Jennifer |last7=Gutova |first7=Margarita |last8=Flores |first8=Linda |last9=Hyde |first9=Caitlyn |last10=Kenjić |first10=Nikola |last11=Li |first11=Haiqing |last12=Chung |first12=Vincent |last13=Li |first13=Hongzhi |last14=Lomenick |first14=Brett |last15=Von Hoff |first15=Daniel D. |last16=Synold |first16=Timothy W. |last17=Aboody |first17=Karen S. |last18=Liu |first18=Yilun |last19=Horne |first19=David |last20=Hickey |first20=Robert J. |last21=Perry |first21=J. Jefferson P. |last22=Malkas |first22=Linda H. |title=Small molecule targeting of transcription-replication conflict for selective chemotherapy |journal=Cell Chemical Biology |date=August 2023 |volume=30 |issue=10 |pages=1235–1247.e6 |doi=10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.001|pmid=37531956 |pmc=10592352 |s2cid=260397674 }} a mice-tested engineered probiotic against autoimmunity in the brain as in multiple sclerosis (9 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sanmarco |first1=Liliana M. |last2=Rone |first2=Joseph M. |last3=Polonio |first3=Carolina M. |last4=Fernandez Lahore |first4=Gonzalo |last5=Giovannoni |first5=Federico |last6=Ferrara |first6=Kylynne |last7=Gutierrez-Vazquez |first7=Cristina |last8=Li |first8=Ning |last9=Sokolovska |first9=Anna |last10=Plasencia |first10=Agustin |last11=Faust Akl |first11=Camilo |last12=Nanda |first12=Payal |last13=Heck |first13=Evelin S. |last14=Li |first14=Zhaorong |last15=Lee |first15=Hong-Gyun |last16=Chao |first16=Chun-Cheih |last17=Rejano-Gordillo |first17=Claudia M. |last18=Fonseca-Castro |first18=Pedro H. |last19=Illouz |first19=Tomer |last20=Linnerbauer |first20=Mathias |last21=Kenison |first21=Jessica E. |last22=Barilla |first22=Rocky M. |last23=Farrenkopf |first23=Daniel |last24=Stevens |first24=Nikolas A. |last25=Piester |first25=Gavin |last26=Chung |first26=Elizabeth N. |last27=Dailey |first27=Lucas |last28=Kuchroo |first28=Vijay K. |last29=Hava |first29=David |last30=Wheeler |first30=Michael A. |last31=Clish |first31=Clary |last32=Nowarski |first32=Roni |last33=Balsa |first33=Eduardo |last34=Lora |first34=Jose M. |last35=Quintana |first35=Francisco J. |title=Lactate limits CNS autoimmunity by stabilizing HIF-1α in dendritic cells |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7975 |pages=881–889 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06409-6 |pmid=37558878 |pmc=10725186 |bibcode=2023Natur.620..881S |hdl=10261/353060 |s2cid=260773893 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373011577 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}
Research hospital press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Engineered probiotic developed to treat multiple sclerosis |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-08-probiotic-multiple-sclerosis.html |access-date=7 October 2023 |work=medicalxpress.com |language=en}} mice-tested engineered bacteria to detect cancer DNA (10 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Cooper |first1=Robert M. |last2=Wright |first2=Josephine A. |last3=Ng |first3=Jia Q. |last4=Goyne |first4=Jarrad M. |last5=Suzuki |first5=Nobumi |last6=Lee |first6=Young K. |last7=Ichinose |first7=Mari |last8=Radford |first8=Georgette |last9=Ryan |first9=Feargal J. |last10=Kumar |first10=Shalni |last11=Thomas |first11=Elaine M. |last12=Vrbanac |first12=Laura |last13=Knight |first13=Rob |last14=Woods |first14=Susan L. |last15=Worthley |first15=Daniel L. |last16=Hasty |first16=Jeff |title=Engineered bacteria detect tumor DNA |journal=Science |date=11 August 2023 |volume=381 |issue=6658 |pages=682–686 |doi=10.1126/science.adf3974 |pmid=37561843 |pmc=10852993 |bibcode=2023Sci...381..682C |language=en |issn=0036-8075|biorxiv=10.1101/2021.09.10.459858|s2cid=260776388 }} a review finds that of the compared insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria, chlorfenapyr-pyrethroid – or {{tooltip|PNP|Pyrethroid-non-pyrethroid}} combinations – are overall the most effective and address insecticide-resistance (16 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Barker |first1=Timothy Hugh |last2=Stone |first2=Jennifer C. |last3=Hasanoff |first3=Sabira |last4=Price |first4=Carrie |last5=Kabaghe |first5=Alinune |last6=Munn |first6=Zachary |title=Effectiveness of dual active ingredient insecticide-treated nets in preventing malaria: A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=PLOS ONE |date=16 August 2023 |volume=18 |issue=8 |pages=e0289469 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0289469 |pmid=37585420 |pmc=10431665 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1889469B |language=en |issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Research informs WHO mosquito net guideline update |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-08-mosquito-net-guideline.html |access-date=7 October 2023 |publisher=University of Adelaide via medicalxpress.com |language=en}} mice-tested clovibactin against antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens (22 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Shukla |first1=Rhythm |last2=Peoples |first2=Aaron J. |last3=Ludwig |first3=Kevin C. |last4=Maity |first4=Sourav |last5=Derks |first5=Maik G.N. |last6=De Benedetti |first6=Stefania |last7=Krueger |first7=Annika M. |last8=Vermeulen |first8=Bram J.A. |last9=Harbig |first9=Theresa |last10=Lavore |first10=Francesca |last11=Kumar |first11=Raj |last12=Honorato |first12=Rodrigo V. |last13=Grein |first13=Fabian |last14=Nieselt |first14=Kay |last15=Liu |first15=Yangping |last16=Bonvin |first16=Alexandre M.J.J. |last17=Baldus |first17=Marc |last18=Kubitscheck |first18=Ulrich |last19=Breukink |first19=Eefjan |last20=Achorn |first20=Catherine |last21=Nitti |first21=Anthony |last22=Schwalen |first22=Christopher J. |last23=Spoering |first23=Amy L. |last24=Ling |first24=Losee Lucy |last25=Hughes |first25=Dallas |last26=Lelli |first26=Moreno |last27=Roos |first27=Wouter H. |last28=Lewis |first28=Kim |last29=Schneider |first29=Tanja |last30=Weingarth |first30=Markus |title=An antibiotic from an uncultured bacterium binds to an immutable target |journal=Cell |date=September 2023 |volume=186 |issue=19 |pages=4059–4073.e27 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.038|pmid=37611581 |doi-access=free}} two brain implants achieve milestone performances in words per minute and median word error rate (23 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Willett |first1=Francis R. |last2=Kunz |first2=Erin M. |last3=Fan |first3=Chaofei |last4=Avansino |first4=Donald T. |last5=Wilson |first5=Guy H. |last6=Choi |first6=Eun Young |last7=Kamdar |first7=Foram |last8=Glasser |first8=Matthew F. |last9=Hochberg |first9=Leigh R. |last10=Druckmann |first10=Shaul |last11=Shenoy |first11=Krishna V. |last12=Henderson |first12=Jaimie M. |title=A high-performance speech neuroprosthesis |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7976 |pages=1031–1036 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06377-x |pmid=37612500 |pmc=10468393 |bibcode=2023Natur.620.1031W |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Metzger |first1=Sean L. |last2=Littlejohn |first2=Kaylo T. |last3=Silva |first3=Alexander B. |last4=Moses |first4=David A. |last5=Seaton |first5=Margaret P. |last6=Wang |first6=Ran |last7=Dougherty |first7=Maximilian E. |last8=Liu |first8=Jessie R. |last9=Wu |first9=Peter |last10=Berger |first10=Michael A. |last11=Zhuravleva |first11=Inga |last12=Tu-Chan |first12=Adelyn |last13=Ganguly |first13=Karunesh |last14=Anumanchipalli |first14=Gopala K. |last15=Chang |first15=Edward F. |title=A high-performance neuroprosthesis for speech decoding and avatar control |journal=Nature |date=August 2023 |volume=620 |issue=7976 |pages=1037–1046 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06443-4 |pmid=37612505 |pmc=10826467 |bibcode=2023Natur.620.1037M |s2cid=261098775 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373341071 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}} mice-tested phytosterols – or cholesterol-imbalance-correction more broadly – against aging-associated hearing loss (24 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sodero |first1=Alejandro O. |last2=Castagna |first2=Valeria C. |last3=Elorza |first3=Setiembre D. |last4=Gonzalez-Rodulfo |first4=Sara M. |last5=Paulazo |first5=María A. |last6=Ballestero |first6=Jimena A. |last7=Martin |first7=Mauricio G. |last8=Gomez-Casati |first8=María Eugenia |title=Phytosterols reverse antiretroviral-induced hearing loss, with potential implications for cochlear aging |journal=PLOS Biology |date=24 August 2023 |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=e3002257 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002257 |pmid=37619212 |pmc=10449472 |language=en |issn=1545-7885|doi-access=free}}
Publisher press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Study shows that common supplements may reduce natural hearing loss |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-08-common-supplements-natural-loss.html |work=Public Library of Science via medicalxpress.com |language=en}} a pig-tested artificial kidney transplant containing a bioreactor containing renal cells for renal replacement therapy (29 Aug),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kim |first1=Eun Jung |last2=Chen |first2=Caressa |last3=Gologorsky |first3=Rebecca |last4=Santandreu |first4=Ana |last5=Torres |first5=Alonso |last6=Wright |first6=Nathan |last7=Goodin |first7=Mark S. |last8=Moyer |first8=Jarrett |last9=Chui |first9=Benjamin W. |last10=Blaha |first10=Charles |last11=Brakeman |first11=Paul |last12=Vartanian |first12=Shant |last13=Tang |first13=Qizhi |last14=David Humes |first14=H. |last15=Fissell |first15=William H. |last16=Roy |first16=Shuvo |title=Feasibility of an implantable bioreactor for renal cell therapy using silicon nanopore membranes |journal=Nature Communications |date=29 August 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=4890 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-39888-2 |pmid=37644033 |pmc=10465514 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.4890K |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}} a Raman-based first test for diagnosing ME/CFS and differentiating between severities with potential relevance to long COVID (31 Aug).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Xu |first1=Jiabao |last2=Lodge |first2=Tiffany |last3=Kingdon |first3=Caroline |last4=Strong |first4=James W. L. |last5=Maclennan |first5=John |last6=Lacerda |first6=Eliana |last7=Kujawski |first7=Slawomir |last8=Zalewski |first8=Pawel |last9=Huang |first9=Wei E. |last10=Morten |first10=Karl J. |title=Developing a Blood Cell-Based Diagnostic Test for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells |journal=Advanced Science |date=31 August 2023 |volume=10 |issue=30 |pages=e2302146 |doi=10.1002/advs.202302146 |pmid=37653608 |pmc=10602530 |language=en |issn=2198-3844|doi-access=free}}

=September=

File:Esa-hubble-k2-18a_impression.jpg

{{vanchor|2 September}} – Astrophysicists question the overall current view of the universe, in the form of the Standard Model of Cosmology, based on the latest James Webb Space Telescope studies.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Frank |first1=Adam |last2=Gleiser |first2=Marcelo |title=The Story of Our Universe May Be Starting to Unravel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/02/opinion/cosmology-crisis-webb-telescope.html |date=2 September 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230902161629/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/02/opinion/cosmology-crisis-webb-telescope.html |archive-date=2 September 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Don't Expect a 'Theory of Everything' to Explain It All – Not even the most advanced physics can reveal everything we want to know about the history and future of the cosmos, or about ourselves. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/11/science/space/astronomy-universe-simulations.html |date=11 September 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230911043212/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/11/science/space/astronomy-universe-simulations.html |archive-date=11 September 2023 |access-date=11 September 2023 }}

File:1940- September global average temperature changes.svg

{{vanchor|5 September}} – Astronomers identify a vast, bubble-like structure known as Ho{{okina}}oleilana in the distribution of relatively nearby galaxies, estimated at 1 billion light-years in diameter and described as the first observation of an individual baryon acoustic oscillation.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Vast bubble of galaxies discovered, given Hawaiian name |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1000580 |date=5 September 2023 |work=EurekAlert! |access-date=6 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Tully |first1=R. Brent |last2=Howlett |first2=Cullan |last3=Pomarède |first3=Daniel |title=Ho'oleilana: An Individual Baryon Acoustic Oscillation? |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=September 2023 |volume=954 |issue=2 |page=169 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aceaf3 |arxiv=2309.00677 |bibcode=2023ApJ...954..169T |language=en |issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|6 September}}
The discovery of specialized astrocytes that mediate glutamatergic gliotransmission in the central nervous system is announced.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |title=Specialized astrocytes mediate glutamatergic gliotransmission in the CNS|journal=Nature| date=6 September 2023| doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06502-w |last1=De Ceglia |first1=Roberta |last2=Ledonne |first2=Ada |last3=Litvin |first3=David Gregory |last4=Lind |first4=Barbara Lykke |last5=Carriero |first5=Giovanni |last6=Latagliata |first6=Emanuele Claudio |last7=Bindocci |first7=Erika |last8=Di Castro |first8=Maria Amalia |last9=Savtchouk |first9=Iaroslav |last10=Vitali |first10=Ilaria |last11=Ranjak |first11=Anurag |last12=Congiu |first12=Mauro |last13=Canonica |first13=Tara |last14=Wisden |first14=William |last15=Harris |first15=Kenneth |last16=Mameli |first16=Manuel |last17=Mercuri |first17=Nicola |last18=Telley |first18=Ludovic |last19=Volterra |first19=Andrea |volume=622 |issue=7981 |pages=120–129 |pmid=37674083 |pmc=10550825 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..120D |s2cid=261580457 |doi-access=free}}
Geologists report the discovery of what may be the largest known deposit of lithium, located in the crater of a dormant volcano along the Nevada–Oregon border, and estimated to contain 20 to 40 million tonnes of the metal.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Lithium discovery in US volcano could be biggest deposit ever found |url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/lithium-discovery-in-us-volcano-could-be-biggest-deposit-ever-found/4018032.article |date=6 September 2023 |work=Chemistry World |access-date=10 September 2023 }}
{{vanchor|7 September}}
A university reports a study (24 Aug) that builds a theory linking a reduction in prey size in the Paleolithic to the evolution of technologies and cognitive abilities as they had to change their behaviors, abilities, weapons, and strategies.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Ben-Dor |first1=Miki |last2=Barkai |first2=Ran |title=The Evolution of Paleolithic Hunting Weapons: A Response to Declining Prey Size |journal=Quaternary |date=September 2023 |volume=6 |issue=3 |page=46 |doi=10.3390/quat6030046 |language=en |issn=2571-550X|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023Quat....6...46B }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Small prey compelled prehistoric humans to produce appropriate hunting weapons and improve their cognitive abilities |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-09-small-prey-compelled-prehistoric-humans.html |work=Tel-Aviv University via phys.org |language=en}}
An NSF review on sleep provides the first consensus statement with data and preliminary observational studies-based conclusions on the importance of sleep timing regularity regarding health and performance.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sletten |first1=Tracey L. |last2=Weaver |first2=Matthew D. |last3=Foster |first3=Russell G. |last4=Gozal |first4=David |last5=Klerman |first5=Elizabeth B. |last6=Rajaratnam |first6=Shantha M. W. |last7=Roenneberg |first7=Till |last8=Takahashi |first8=Joseph S. |last9=Turek |first9=Fred W. |last10=Vitiello |first10=Michael V. |last11=Young |first11=Michael W. |last12=Czeisler |first12=Charles A. |title=The importance of sleep regularity: a consensus statement of the National Sleep Foundation sleep timing and variability panel |journal=Sleep Health |date=7 September 2023 |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=801–820 |doi=10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.016 |pmid=37684151 |s2cid=262081251 |issn=2352-7218|doi-access=free }}
Explanatory interview: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Not getting enough sleep? That's only half the battle. |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/09/not-getting-enough-sleep-thats-only-half-the-battle-health/ |access-date=12 November 2023 |work=Harvard Gazette |date=19 September 2023 |quote=Weaver: [..] papers measure sleep regularity in different ways [..] In a couple of papers, a standard deviation of one hour in sleep onset timing was associated with a 23 percent increased risk of metabolic syndrome and an 18 percent increase in cardiovascular risk[..] Gazette: Is that going to bed at 10 o'clock one night, 11 o'clock another night? Weaver: On a very short-term level. If you look longer term, it's roughly going to bed between 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. for about 70 percent of the nights, with the average bedtime being 10 p.m.}}
{{vanchor|11 September}} – The James Webb Space Telescope detects carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere of K2-18b, a potentially habitable exoplanet around 8.6 times the mass of Earth. Webb's data suggests that it might be a hycean planet covered in oceans of water, with a hydrogen-rich atmosphere.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Webb Discovers Methane, Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere of K2-18 b |url=https://www.nasa.gov/goddard/2023/webb-discovers-methane-carbon-dioxide-in-atmosphere-of-k2-18b |date=11 September 2023 |work=NASA |access-date=11 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Madhusudhan |first1=Nikku |last2=Sarkar |first2=Subhajit |last3=Constantinou |first3=Savvas |last4=Holmberg |first4=Måns |last5=Piette |first5=Anjali A. A. |last6=Moses |first6=Julianne I. |title=Carbon-bearing Molecules in a Possible Hycean Atmosphere |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |arxiv=2309.05566 |date=2023|volume=956 |issue=1 |pages=L13 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acf577 |bibcode=2023ApJ...956L..13M |doi-access=free }}

File:FEL_principle.svg

{{vanchor|14 September}}
NASA releases its first public study on UAP (also known as UFOs), and appoints Mark McInerney as the first Director of UAP, to scientifically and transparently study further such occurrences.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Introduces New U.F.O. Research Director – The role was created in response to the recommendations of a report that found the agency could do more to collect and interpret data on unidentified anomalous phenomena. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/14/science/nasa-ufo-uap-report.html |date=14 September 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230914235331/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/14/science/nasa-ufo-uap-report.html |archive-date=14 September 2023 |access-date=15 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=NASA kicks off UFO study with 16-member team |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/nasa-kicks-off-ufo-study-with-16-member-team/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=ZDNET |language=en |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105134709/https://www.zdnet.com/article/nasa-kicks-off-ufo-study-with-16-member-team/ |url-status=live }}{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=UAP FAQs {{!}} Science Mission Directorate |url=https://science.nasa.gov/uap/faqs |website=science.nasa.gov |access-date=5 January 2023 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105134710/https://science.nasa.gov/uap/faqs |url-status=live }}{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/uap|title=UAP|work=NASA|access-date=14 September 2023}}
A new record time for quantum coherence is reported, with a single-photon qubit encoded in a novel superconducting cavity for 34 milliseconds.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Superconducting Cavity Qubit with Tens of Milliseconds Single-Photon Coherence Time |date=14 September 2023 |journal=PRX Quantum |doi=10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.030336 |last1=Milul |first1=Ofir |last2=Guttel |first2=Barkay |last3=Goldblatt |first3=Uri |last4=Hazanov |first4=Sergey |last5=Joshi |first5=Lalit M. |last6=Chausovsky |first6=Daniel |last7=Kahn |first7=Nitzan |last8=Çiftyürek |first8=Engin |last9=Lafont |first9=Fabien |last10=Rosenblum |first10=Serge |volume=4 |issue=3 |doi-access=free}}
A genetically engineered marine microorganism is shown to break down polyethylene terephthalate in salt water. This plastic, used in everything from water bottles to clothing, is a significant contributor to microplastic pollution in oceans.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Li |first1=Tianyu |last2=Menegatti |first2=Stefano |last3=Crook |first3=Nathan |title=Breakdown of polyethylene therepthalate microplastics under saltwater conditions using engineered Vibrio natriegens |journal=AIChE Journal |date=14 September 2023 |volume=69 |issue=12 |doi=10.1002/aic.18228 |bibcode=2023AIChE..69E8228L |s2cid=261929494 |language=en |issn=0001-1541|doi-access=free }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Genetically Modified Bacteria Break Down Plastics in Saltwater |url=https://news.ncsu.edu/2023/09/breaking-down-marine-plastics/ |date=14 September 2023 |publisher=North Carolina State University |access-date=16 September 2023 }}
A study finds that rivers are warming and losing oxygen faster than oceans. Of nearly 800 rivers, warming occurred in 87% and oxygen loss occurred in 70%. The study projects that within 70 years, river systems could "induce acute death" and extinctions of aquatic species due to long low oxygen levels.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Zhi |first1=Wei |last2=Klingler |first2=Christoph |last3=Liu |first3=Jiangtao |last4=Li |first4=Li |title=Widespread deoxygenation in warming rivers |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=October 2023 |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=1105–1113 |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01793-3 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1105Z |s2cid=261928052 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373939754 |language=en |issn=1758-6798}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Rivers rapidly warming, losing oxygen; aquatic life may be at risk, study finds |url=https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/rivers-rapidly-warming-losing-oxygen-aquatic-life-may-be-risk-study-finds/ |date=14 September 2023 |work=Pennsylvania State University |access-date=16 September 2023 }}
Astronomers report studies related to the Hubble tension, a disagreement in results attempting to measure the Hubble constant, and find that the results from the James Webb Space Telescope support earlier results from the Hubble Space Telescope. According to astronomer Adam Riess, "With Webb confirming the measurements from Hubble, the Webb measurements provide the strongest evidence yet that systematic errors in Hubble's Cepheid photometry do not play a significant role in the present Hubble tension ... As a result, the more interesting possibilities remain on the table and the mystery of the tension deepens."{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Starr |first=Michelle |title=JWST Just Measured The Expansion Rate of The Universe. Astronomers Are Stumped. |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/jwst-just-measured-the-expansion-rate-of-the-universe-astronomers-are-stumped |date=14 September 2023 |work=ScienceAlert |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230916211757/https://www.sciencealert.com/jwst-just-measured-the-expansion-rate-of-the-universe-astronomers-are-stumped |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Riess, Adam |display-authors=et al. |author-link=Adam Riess |title=Crowded No More: The Accuracy of the Hubble Constant Tested with High Resolution Observations of Cepheids by JWST |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=28 July 2023 |volume=956 |issue=1 |pages=L18 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acf769 |arxiv=2307.15806 |bibcode=2023ApJ...956L..18R |doi-access=free }}
Research suggests that replacing half of the beef, chicken, dairy and pork products consumed globally with plant-based alternatives by 2050 could reduce the amount of land used by agriculture by almost a third, bring deforestation for agriculture nearly to a halt, help restore biodiversity through rewilding the land and reduce GHG emissions from agriculture by 31%, paving a clearer path to reaching climate and biodiversity targets.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kozicka|first1=Marta |last2=Havlík|first2=Petr|last3=Valin|first3=Hugo |display-authors=etal.|date=2023 |title=Feeding climate and biodiversity goals with novel plant-based meat and milk alternatives|journal=Nature Communications|volume=14 |issue=5316 |page=5316 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-40899-2|pmid=37699877 |pmc=10497520 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.5316K |doi-access=free}} A separate study (6 Sep) using a global food system model suggests that net-negative greenhouse gas emissions could be possible in a sustainable food system achievable with full global deployment of diverse interventions, with the most promising options including hydrogen-powered fertilizer production, livestock feeds, organic and inorganic soil amendments, agroforestry, sustainable seafood harvesting practices, and adoption of flexitarian diets.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Almaraz |first1=Maya |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Clark |first3=Michael |last4=Holzer |first4=Iris |last5=Zhou |first5=Yanqiu |last6=Rasmussen |first6=Laura |last7=Moberg |first7=Emily |last8=Manaigo |first8=Erin |last9=Halpern |first9=Benjamin S. |last10=Scarborough |first10=Courtney |last11=Lei |first11=Xin Gen |last12=Ho |first12=Melissa |last13=Allison |first13=Edward |last14=Sibanda |first14=Lindiwe |last15=Salter |first15=Andrew |title=Model-based scenarios for achieving net negative emissions in the food system |journal=PLOS Climate |date=6 September 2023 |volume=2 |issue=9 |pages=e0000181 |doi=10.1371/journal.pclm.0000181 |language=en |issn=2767-3200|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|18 September}}
A new palm oil substitute called PALM-ALT is presented by researchers. The plant-based ingredient is shown to be 70% better for the environment than conventional palm oil and is described as "the holy grail to replace it".{{#invoke:Cite |news |title='This could be the holy grail to replace palm oil' – research team |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-66842496 |date=18 September 2023 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=18 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=University develops a replacement for palm oil that is healthy and environmentally friendly |url=https://www.qmu.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/20230917-university-develops-a-replacement-for-palm-oil-that-is-healthy-and-environmentally-friendly/ |date=18 September 2023 |work=Queen Margaret University |access-date=18 September 2023 }}
The Linac Coherent Light Source at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is upgraded to LCLS-II and successfully demonstrates its first X-rays, which are fired 8,000 times faster and are 10,000 times brighter than the previous version.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=SLAC fires up the world's most powerful X-ray laser: LCLS-II ushers in a new era of science |url=https://www6.slac.stanford.edu/news/2023-09-18-slac-fires-worlds-most-powerful-x-ray-laser-lcls-ii-ushers-new-era-science |date=18 September 2023 |work=SLAC |access-date=19 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Upgraded Linear Accelerator in California Achieves First Light, Poised to Transform X-Ray Science |url=https://gizmodo.com/upgrade-linear-accelerator-slac-lcls-ii-x-rays-1850848767 |date=18 September 2023 |work=Gizmodo |access-date=19 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=U.S. regains the lead in friendly x-ray laser 'arms race' |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/u-s-regains-lead-friendly-x-ray-laser-arms-race |date=18 September 2023 |work=Science |access-date=19 September 2023 }}
Scientists calculate that animal genera are going extinct at a rate 35 times faster than expected background rates over the past million years, which they say indicates the planet is experiencing a human-driven sixth mass extinction event and that it is accelerating.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1= Ceballos|first1=Gerardo|last2=Ehrlich|first2=Paul R.|date=2023 |title=Mutilation of the tree of life via mass extinction of animal genera|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=120 |issue=39 |pages=e2306987120|doi=10.1073/pnas.2306987120|doi-access= free|pmid=37722053 |pmc=10523489 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12006987C |s2cid=262055969 }}
A triple-junction solar cell with perovskite-perovskite-silicon subcell configuration is demonstrated with an open-circuit voltage of over 2.8 V, which compares to conventional cells with values ranging between 0.7 V and 0.8 V.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Heydarian |first1=Maryamsadat |last2=Heydarian |first2=Minasadat |last3=Bett |first3=Alexander J. |last4=Bivour |first4=Martin |last5=Schindler |first5=Florian |last6=Hermle |first6=Martin |last7=Schubert |first7=Martin C. |last8=Schulze |first8=Patricia S. C. |last9=Borchert |first9=Juliane |last10=Glunz |first10=Stefan W. |title=Monolithic Two-Terminal Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple-Junction Solar Cells with Open Circuit Voltage >2.8 V |journal=ACS Energy Letters |date=13 October 2023 |volume=8 |issue=10 |pages=4186–4192 |doi=10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01391 |pmid=37854048 |pmc=10580312 |language=en |issn=2380-8195}}
Research institute press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Laboratory cell demonstrates the huge potential of perovskite-based triple-junction solar cells |url=https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-media/news/2023/Laboratory-cell-demonstrates-potential-of-perovskite-based-triple-junction-solar-cells.html |date=18 September 2023 |work=Fraunhofer ISE|access-date=23 September 2023 }}
{{vanchor|19 September}}
RNA is recovered from a Tasmanian tiger, or thylacine, the first isolation and decoding of such molecules from an extinct species.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Tasmanian tiger RNA is first to be recovered from an extinct animal |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-02953-3 |date=19 September 2023 |work=Nature |access-date=21 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Mármol-Sánchez |first1=Emilio |last2=Fromm |first2=Bastian |last3=Oskolkov |first3=Nikolay |last4=Pochon |first4=Zoé |last5=Kalogeropoulos |first5=Panagiotis |last6=Eriksson |first6=Eli |last7=Biryukova |first7=Inna |last8=Sekar |first8=Vaishnovi |last9=Ersmark |first9=Erik |last10=Andersson |first10=Björn |last11=Dalén |first11=Love |last12=Friedländer |first12=Marc R. |title=Historical RNA expression profiles from the extinct Tasmanian tiger |journal=Genome Research |date=18 July 2023 |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=1299–1316 |doi=10.1101/gr.277663.123 |pmid=37463752 |pmc=10552650 |language=en |issn=1088-9051|doi-access=free}}
The iconic genus Rafflesia, which includes the world's largest flower, is reported to be at risk of extinction due to habitat loss.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Researchers issue urgent call to save the world's largest flower -Rafflesia – from extinction |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1001991 |date=19 September 2023 |work=EurekAlert!|access-date=22 September 2023 }}
{{vanchor|20 September}}
Researchers demonstrate that measuring blood pressure in the standing position yields enhanced diagnosis of hypertension.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Giacona |first1=John M. |last2=Kositanurit |first2=Weerapat |last3=Wang |first3=Jijia |last4=Petric |first4=Ursa B. |last5=Khan |first5=Ghazi |last6=Pittman |first6=Danielle |last7=Williamson |first7=Jon W. |last8=Smith |first8=Scott A. |last9=Vongpatanasin |first9=Wanpen |date=20 September 2023 |title=Utility of standing office blood pressure in detecting hypertension in healthy adults |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=15572 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-42297-6 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=10511521 |pmid=37730821|bibcode=2023NatSR..1315572G }}
Archaeologists in Zambia find the world's oldest wooden structure, dating back 476,000 years.{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=World's oldest wooden structure found in Zambia|url=https://www.dw.com/en/worlds-oldest-wooden-structure-found-in-zambia/a-66878895 |access-date=20 September 2023 |website=dw.com |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Barham |first1=L. |last2=Duller |first2=G. a. T. |last3=Candy |first3=I. |last4=Scott |first4=C. |last5=Cartwright |first5=C. R. |last6=Peterson |first6=J. R. |last7=Kabukcu |first7=C. |last8=Chapot |first8=M. S. |last9=Melia |first9=F. |last10=Rots |first10=V. |last11=George |first11=N. |last12=Taipale |first12=N. |last13=Gethin |first13=P. |last14=Nkombwe |first14=P. |title=Evidence for the earliest structural use of wood at least 476,000 years ago |journal=Nature |date=October 2023 |volume=622 |issue=7981 |pages=107–111 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06557-9 |pmid=37730994 |pmc=10550827 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..107B |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|21 September}} – Carbon is reported to be present in the subterranean ocean of Europa, based on observations by the James Webb Space Telescope.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Trumbo |first1=Samantha K. |last2=Brown |first2=Michael E. |title=The distribution of CO 2 on Europa indicates an internal source of carbon |journal=Science |date=22 September 2023 |volume=381 |issue=6664 |pages=1308–1311 |doi=10.1126/science.adg4155 |pmid=37733851 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|arxiv=2309.11684|bibcode=2023Sci...381.1308T |s2cid=262083978 }}
{{vanchor|22 September}} – Astronomers report studies of the TRAPPIST-1 b exoplanet, finding no signs of an atmosphere, and commenting that the "planet could be a bare rock, have clouds high in the atmosphere or have a very heavy molecule like carbon dioxide that makes the atmosphere too small to detect."{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Sherburne |first=Morgan |title=James Webb Space Telescope's first spectrum of a TRAPPIST-1 planet |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-09-james-webb-space-telescope-spectrum.html |date=25 September 2023 |work=Phys.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230929124619/https://phys.org/news/2023-09-james-webb-space-telescope-spectrum.html |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=29 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Lim, Olivia |display-authors=et al |title=Atmospheric Reconnaissance of TRAPPIST-1 b with JWST/NIRISS: Evidence for Strong Stellar Contamination in the Transmission Spectra |date=22 September 2023 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=95 |number=1 |pages=L22 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acf7c4 |arxiv=2309.07047 |bibcode=2023ApJ...955L..22L |doi-access=free }}

File:OSIRIS-REx_Sample_Return_(NHQ202309240002).jpg are successfully returned to Earth.]]

{{vanchor|24 September}} – Scientists report the successful return of samples from NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission to the asteroid 101955 Bennu.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Miller |first=Katrina |title=A NASA Spacecraft Comes Home With an Asteroid Gift for Earth – The seven-year OSIRIS-REX mission ended on Sunday [9/23/2023] with the return of regolith from the asteroid Bennu, which might hold clues about the origins of our solar system and life. + comment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/24/science/nasa-osiris-rex-asteroid-sample-landing.html |date=24 September 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925000609/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/24/science/nasa-osiris-rex-asteroid-sample-landing.html#permid=127970460 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=25 September 2023 }} Shortly after the sample container was retrieved and transferred to an "airtight chamber at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas", the lid on the container was opened. Scientists commented that they "found black dust and debris on the avionics deck of the OSIRIS-REx science canister" on the initial opening. Later study was planned. A news conference on the asteroid sample is scheduled for 11 October 2023.{{#invoke:Cite |news |author=Staff |title=Likely asteroid debris found upon opening of returned NASA probe |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-09-asteroid-debris-nasa-probe.html |date=27 September 2023 |work=Phys.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230927134525/https://phys.org/news/2023-09-asteroid-debris-nasa-probe.html |archive-date=27 September 2023| access-date=27 September 2023 }}
{{vanchor|25 September}}
A study on Pangaea Ultima finds that the hypothetical supercontinent will make Earth uninhabitable to most life forms in 250 million years, due to extreme temperatures and radiation.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Farnsworth |first1=Alexander |last2=Lo |first2=Y. T. Eunice |last3=Valdes |first3=Paul J. |last4=Buzan |first4=Jonathan R. |last5=Mills |first5=Benjamin J. W. |last6=Merdith |first6=Andrew S. |last7=Scotese |first7=Christopher R. |last8=Wakeford |first8=Hannah R. |title=Climate extremes likely to drive land mammal extinction during next supercontinent assembly |journal=Nature Geoscience |date=October 2023 |volume=16 |issue=10 |pages=901–908 |doi=10.1038/s41561-023-01259-3 |bibcode=2023NatGe..16..901F |language=en |issn=1752-0908|doi-access=free}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=New research reveals extreme heat likely to wipe out humans and mammals in the distant future |url=https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2023/september/nature-geoscience-extreme-heat.html |date=25 September 2023 |publisher=University of Bristol|access-date=26 September 2023 }}
Biologists report the discovery of a ninth species of pangolin, a mammal which is covered with large, protective keratin scales.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Incorvala |first=Darren |title=A Mystery Species Was Discovered in Trafficked Pangolin Scales – Researchers believed there were eight species of the strange mammals. But a ninth was identified genetically, although no one knew it was a separate species in the wild. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/25/science/pangolins-new-species-scales.html |date=25 September 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230925194503/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/25/science/pangolins-new-species-scales.html |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=26 September 2023 }}
{{vanchor|26 September}} – Work begins on the seventh and final primary mirror of the Giant Magellan Telescope, which is expected to provide quadruple the image resolution of previous observatories when completed.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=The Giant Magellan Telescope's Final Mirror Fabrication Begins |url=https://giantmagellan.org/2023/09/26/the-giant-magellan-telescopes-final-mirror-fabrication-begins/ |date=26 September 2023 |work=Giant Magellan Telescope|access-date=30 September 2023 }}

File:PBs2023.svg: the planetary boundaries framework assessment gets updated, showing a sixth limit to be transgressed.]]

{{vanchor|27 September}}
Physicists report studies, for the first time, supporting the notion that antimatter particles behave in a similar way as normal matter in a gravitational field.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Nothing's the Matter With Antimatter, New Experiment Confirms – Consider it good news, physicists say: "The opposite result would have had big implications." |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/27/science/physics-universe-antimatter.html |date=27 September 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230927154738/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/27/science/physics-universe-antimatter.html |archive-date=27 September 2023 |access-date=28 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Anderson, E. K. |title=Observation of the effect of gravity on the motion of antimatter |date=27 September 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=621 |issue=7980 |pages=716–722 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06527-1 |pmid=37758891 |pmc=10533407 |bibcode=2023Natur.621..716A |doi-access=free}}
Astronomers report studies suggesting that the rings of Saturn may have resulted from the collision of two moons "a few hundred million years ago".{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Andrew |first=Robin George |title=Saturn's Rings May Have Formed in a Surprisingly Recent Crash of 2 Moons – Researchers completed a complex simulation that supports the idea that the giant planet's jewelry emerged hundreds of millions of years ago, not billions. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/28/science/saturn-rings-moons-formation.html |date=28 September 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230929044637/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/28/science/saturn-rings-moons-formation.html |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=29 September 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Teodoro, L.F.A. |display-authors=et al |title=A Recent Impact Origin of Saturn's Rings and Mid-sized Moons |date=27 September 2023 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=955 |number=2 |page=137 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/acf4ed |arxiv=2309.15156 |bibcode=2023ApJ...955..137T |doi-access=free }}
A breakthrough in desalination is achieved by engineers, using a solar-powered device to create freshwater at lower cost than tap water.{{cite web|url=https://news.mit.edu/2023/desalination-system-could-produce-freshwater-cheaper-0927|title=Desalination system could produce freshwater that is cheaper than tap water|date=27 September 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Gao |first1=Jintong |last2=Zhang |first2=Lenan |last3=You |first3=Jinfang |last4=Ye |first4=Zhanyu |last5=Zhong |first5=Yang |last6=Wang |first6=Ruzhu |last7=Wang |first7=Evelyn N. |last8=Xu |first8=Zhenyuan |title=Extreme salt-resisting multistage solar distillation with thermohaline convection |journal=Joule |date=October 2023 |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=2274–2290 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2023.08.012|s2cid=263177395 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023Joule...7.2274G }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Desalination system could produce freshwater that is cheaper than tap water |url=https://news.mit.edu/2023/desalination-system-could-produce-freshwater-cheaper-0927 |date=27 September 2023 |work=MIT|access-date=29 September 2023 }}
{{vanchor|Hazards_September|text=Hazard research is published}}: news outlets report on a study (29 Aug) that shows an association between consumption of sweetener aspartame during pregnancy and autism in male offspring (1 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Fowler |first1=Sharon Parten |last2=Gimeno Ruiz de Porras |first2=David |last3=Swartz |first3=Michael D. |last4=Stigler Granados |first4=Paula |last5=Heilbrun |first5=Lynne Parsons |last6=Palmer |first6=Raymond F. |title=Daily Early-Life Exposures to Diet Soda and Aspartame Are Associated with Autism in Males: A Case-Control Study |journal=Nutrients |date=January 2023 |volume=15 |issue=17 |page=3772 |doi=10.3390/nu15173772 |pmid=37686804 |pmc=10490529 |language=en |issn=2072-6643|doi-access=free}} an analysis of GBD study data shows pre-50 early-onset cancer cases rose by ~80% in 30 years (5 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Jianhui |last2=Xu |first2=Liying |last3=Sun |first3=Jing |last4=Song |first4=Mingyang |last5=Wang |first5=Lijuan |last6=Yuan |first6=Shuai |last7=Zhu |first7=Yingshuang |last8=Wan |first8=Zhengwei |last9=Larsson |first9=Susanna |last10=Tsilidis |first10=Konstantinos |last11=Dunlop |first11=Malcolm |last12=Campbell |first12=Harry |last13=Rudan |first13=Igor |last14=Song |first14=Peige |last15=Theodoratou |first15=Evropi |last16=Ding |first16=Kefeng |last17=Li |first17=Xue |title=Global trends in incidence, death, burden and risk factors of early-onset cancer from 1990 to 2019 |journal=BMJ Oncology |date=5 September 2023 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=e000049 |doi=10.1136/bmjonc-2023-000049 |s2cid=261589293 |language=en |issn=2752-7948|doi-access=free |pmid=39886513 |pmc=11235000 }} a study shows decoupling rates in high-income countries are inadequate for Paris Agreement commitments and suggests post-growth approaches such as demand reduction strategies and reorienting the economy (5 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Vogel |first1=Jefim |last2=Hickel |first2=Jason |title=Is green growth happening? An empirical analysis of achieved versus Paris-compliant CO2–GDP decoupling in high-income countries |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |date=September 2023 |volume=7 |issue=9 |pages=e759–e769 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00174-2|pmid=37673546 |s2cid=261551290 |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/120169/1/1_s2.0_S2542519623001742_main.pdf }} evidence of impacts of chronic and extreme heat exposure during pregnancy accumulates (7 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Extreme heat exposure during pregnancy can raise risk of severe delivery complications, new study finds |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/extreme-heat-exposure-during-pregnancy-can-raise-risk-of-severe-delivery-complications-new-study-finds |access-date=11 November 2023 |work=PBS NewsHour |date=10 September 2023 |language=en-us}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Chersich |first1=Matthew Francis |last2=Pham |first2=Minh Duc |last3=Areal |first3=Ashtyn |last4=Haghighi |first4=Marjan Mosalam |last5=Manyuchi |first5=Albert |last6=Swift |first6=Callum P. |last7=Wernecke |first7=Bianca |last8=Robinson |first8=Matthew |last9=Hetem |first9=Robyn |last10=Boeckmann |first10=Melanie |last11=Hajat |first11=Shakoor |title=Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=BMJ |date=4 November 2020 |volume=371 |pages=m3811 |doi=10.1136/bmj.m3811 |pmid=33148618 |pmc=7610201 |language=en |issn=1756-1833 |quote=Temperature rises with global warming could have major implications for child health.}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Samuels |first1=Louisa |last2=Nakstad |first2=Britt |last3=Roos |first3=Nathalie |last4=Bonell |first4=Ana |last5=Chersich |first5=Matthew |last6=Havenith |first6=George |last7=Luchters |first7=Stanley |last8=Day |first8=Louise-Tina |last9=Hirst |first9=Jane E. |last10=Singh |first10=Tanya |last11=Elliott-Sale |first11=Kirsty |last12=Hetem |first12=Robyn |last13=Part |first13=Cherie |last14=Sawry |first14=Shobna |last15=Le Roux |first15=Jean |last16=Kovats |first16=Sari |title=Physiological mechanisms of the impact of heat during pregnancy and the clinical implications: review of the evidence from an expert group meeting |journal=International Journal of Biometeorology |date=1 August 2022 |volume=66 |issue=8 |pages=1505–1513 |doi=10.1007/s00484-022-02301-6 |pmid=35554684 |pmc=9300488 |bibcode=2022IJBm...66.1505S |language=en |issn=1432-1254 |quote=Research is urgently needed to identify what causes the adverse outcomes in pregnancy related to high ambient temperatures so that the impact of climate change on pregnant women can be mitigated.}} a study shows early prevention of type 2 diabetes {{tooltip|may save many years|It found that every decade of earlier diagnosis of diabetes was associated with about 3–4 years of lower life expectancy}} of life (11 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kaptoge |first1=S |last2=Seshasai |first2=Srk |display-authors=et al.|title=Life expectancy associated with different ages at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in high-income countries: 23 million person-years of observation |journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology |date=October 2023 |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=731–742 |doi=10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00223-1|pmid=37708900 |pmc=7615299 |doi-access=free}} a study estimates around 5 million adults died from cardiovascular disease due to lead exposure in 2019 (11 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Larsen |first1=Bjorn |last2=Sánchez-Triana |first2=Ernesto |title=Global health burden and cost of lead exposure in children and adults: a health impact and economic modelling analysis |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |date=October 2023 |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=e831–e840 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00166-3|pmid=37714172 |doi-access=free}} shortly after a review about biodiversity-related harmful effects on ecosystems by non-native ant invasions (29 Jul), the fifth-costliest invasive species, the red fire ant, is reported to have established itself in the warming Europe via colonies in Sicily (11 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Menchetti |first1=Mattia |last2=Schifani |first2=Enrico |last3=Alicata |first3=Antonio |last4=Cardador |first4=Laura |last5=Sbrega |first5=Elisabetta |last6=Toro-Delgado |first6=Eric |last7=Vila |first7=Roger |title=The invasive ant Solenopsis invicta is established in Europe |journal=Current Biology |date=September 2023 |volume=33 |issue=17 |pages=R896–R897 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.036|pmid=37699343 |s2cid=261688271 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023CBio...33R.896M }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Tercel |first1=Maximillian P. T. G. |last2=Cuff |first2=Jordan P. |last3=Symondson |first3=William O. C. |last4=Vaughan |first4=Ian P. |title=Non-native ants drive dramatic declines in animal community diversity: A meta-analysis |journal=Insect Conservation and Diversity |date=November 2023 |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=733–744 |doi=10.1111/icad.12672 |language=en |issn=1752-458X|doi-access=free|pmid=38505669 |pmc=10947240 }} a product testing study shows cleaning products emit substantial amounts of hazardous VOCs, such as chloroform, with the lowest quantities in green fragrance-free products (12 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Temkin |first1=Alexis M. |last2=Geller |first2=Samara L. |last3=Swanson |first3=Sydney A. |last4=Leiba |first4=Nneka S. |last5=Naidenko |first5=Olga V. |last6=Andrews |first6=David Q. |title=Volatile organic compounds emitted by conventional and "green" cleaning products in the U.S. market |journal=Chemosphere |date=1 November 2023 |volume=341 |page=139570 |doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139570 |pmid=37709066 |bibcode=2023Chmsp.34139570T |s2cid=261796578 |issn=0045-6535|doi-access=free }} the planetary boundaries framework assessment gets updated, incorporating freshwater change as a sixth Earth system dimension above its capacity limit (13 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Richardson |first1=Katherine |last2=Steffen |first2=Will |last3=Lucht |first3=Wolfgang |last4=Bendtsen |first4=Jørgen |last5=Cornell |first5=Sarah E. |last6=Donges |first6=Jonathan F. |last7=Drüke |first7=Markus |last8=Fetzer |first8=Ingo |last9=Bala |first9=Govindasamy |last10=von Bloh |first10=Werner |last11=Feulner |first11=Georg |last12=Fiedler |first12=Stephanie |last13=Gerten |first13=Dieter |last14=Gleeson |first14=Tom |last15=Hofmann |first15=Matthias |last16=Huiskamp |first16=Willem |last17=Kummu |first17=Matti |last18=Mohan |first18=Chinchu |last19=Nogués-Bravo |first19=David |last20=Petri |first20=Stefan |last21=Porkka |first21=Miina |last22=Rahmstorf |first22=Stefan |last23=Schaphoff |first23=Sibyll |last24=Thonicke |first24=Kirsten |last25=Tobian |first25=Arne |last26=Virkki |first26=Vili |last27=Wang-Erlandsson |first27=Lan |last28=Weber |first28=Lisa |last29=Rockström |first29=Johan |title=Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries |journal=Science Advances |date=15 September 2023 |volume=9 |issue=37 |pages=eadh2458 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adh2458 |pmid=37703365 |pmc=10499318 |bibcode=2023SciA....9H2458R |language=en |issn=2375-2548}} news outlets report on a study (31 Aug) that shows daily aspartame consumption leads to heritable cognitive deficits in mice – and more broadly that the exposome of men may also affect the mental health of the next generation (19 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Jones |first1=Sara K. |last2=McCarthy |first2=Deirdre M. |last3=Stanwood |first3=Gregg D. |last4=Schatschneider |first4=Christopher |last5=Bhide |first5=Pradeep G. |title=Learning and memory deficits produced by aspartame are heritable via the paternal lineage |journal=Scientific Reports |date=31 August 2023 |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=14326 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-41213-2 |pmid=37652922 |pmc=10471780 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1314326J |language=en |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}} a study {{tooltip|reports|"During the period 2010–2019, 2.18 billion people were exposed to at least 1 day of substantial LFS air pollution per year, with each person in the world having, on average, 9.9 days of exposure per year. These two metrics increased by 6.8% and 2.1%, respectively, compared with 2000–2009."}} an increasing global exposure to air pollution from fires (20 Sep).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Xu |first1=Rongbin |last2=Ye |first2=Tingting |last3=Yue |first3=Xu |last4=Yang |first4=Zhengyu |last5=Yu |first5=Wenhua |last6=Zhang |first6=Yiwen |last7=Bell |first7=Michelle L. |last8=Morawska |first8=Lidia |last9=Yu |first9=Pei |last10=Zhang |first10=Yuxi |last11=Wu |first11=Yao |last12=Liu |first12=Yanming |last13=Johnston |first13=Fay |last14=Lei |first14=Yadong |last15=Abramson |first15=Michael J. |last16=Guo |first16=Yuming |last17=Li |first17=Shanshan |title=Global population exposure to landscape fire air pollution from 2000 to 2019 |journal=Nature |date=September 2023 |volume=621 |issue=7979 |pages=521–529 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06398-6 |pmid=37730866 |pmc=10511322 |bibcode=2023Natur.621..521X |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|Therapeutics_September|text=Promising results of health and medical research are reported}}: non-human vaccinated primates-tested pGal–antigen therapy for suppressing antigen-specific immune responses and against autoimmune diseases, this type of vaccine is called "inverse vaccine" (7 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Cooke |first1=Emily |last2=Lanese |first2=Nicoletta |title=New 'inverse vaccine' could wipe out autoimmune diseases, but more research is needed |url=https://www.livescience.com/health/medicine-drugs/new-inverse-vaccine-could-wipe-out-autoimmune-diseases-but-more-research-is-needed |access-date=12 November 2023 |work=livescience.com |date=25 September 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Tremain |first1=Andrew C. |last2=Wallace |first2=Rachel P. |last3=Lorentz |first3=Kristen M. |last4=Thornley |first4=Thomas B. |last5=Antane |first5=Jennifer T. |last6=Raczy |first6=Michal R. |last7=Reda |first7=Joseph W. |last8=Alpar |first8=Aaron T. |last9=Slezak |first9=Anna J. |last10=Watkins |first10=Elyse A. |last11=Maulloo |first11=Chitavi D. |last12=Budina |first12=Erica |last13=Solanki |first13=Ani |last14=Nguyen |first14=Mindy |last15=Bischoff |first15=David J. |last16=Harrington |first16=Jamie L. |last17=Mishra |first17=Rabinarayan |last18=Conley |first18=Gregory P. |last19=Marlin |first19=Romain |last20=Dereuddre-Bosquet |first20=Nathalie |last21=Gallouët |first21=Anne-Sophie |last22=LeGrand |first22=Roger |last23=Wilson |first23=D. Scott |last24=Kontos |first24=Stephan |last25=Hubbell |first25=Jeffrey A. |title=Synthetically glycosylated antigens for the antigen-specific suppression of established immune responses |journal=Nature Biomedical Engineering |date=September 2023 |volume=7 |issue=9 |pages=1142–1155 |doi=10.1038/s41551-023-01086-2 |pmid=37679570 |s2cid=261609221 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373746457 |language=en |issn=2157-846X|url-access=subscription}} 3D cell-culture tested exercise-induced hormone irisin against Aβ Alzheimer's disease pathology (8 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Kim |first1=Eunhee |last2=Kim |first2=Hyeonwoo |last3=Jedrychowski |first3=Mark P. |last4=Bakiasi |first4=Grisilda |last5=Park |first5=Joseph |last6=Kruskop |first6=Jane |last7=Choi |first7=Younjung |last8=Kwak |first8=Sang Su |last9=Quinti |first9=Luisa |last10=Kim |first10=Doo Yeon |last11=Wrann |first11=Christiane D. |last12=Spiegelman |first12=Bruce M. |last13=Tanzi |first13=Rudolph E. |last14=Choi |first14=Se Hoon |title=Irisin reduces amyloid-β by inducing the release of neprilysin from astrocytes following downregulation of ERK-STAT3 signaling |journal=Neuron |date=September 2023 |volume=111 |issue=22 |pages=3619–3633.e8 |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.012|pmid=37689059 |s2cid=261586322 |quote=Our findings reveal for the first time a cellular and molecular mechanism by which exercise-induced irisin attenuates Aβ pathology, suggesting a new target pathway for therapies aimed at the prevention and treatment of AD.|doi-access=free |pmc=10840702 }} identified diverse features strongly associated with long COVID for better diagnosis (25 Sep).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Klein |first1=Jon |last2=Wood |first2=Jamie |last3=Jaycox |display-authors=et al. |title=Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling |journal=Nature |date=November 2023 |volume=623 |issue=7985 |pages=139–148 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06651-y |pmid=37748514 |pmc=10620090 |bibcode=2023Natur.623..139K |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|Innovations_September|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are reported}}: a study winning an international competition demonstrates an approach that predicted 70% of earthquakes, suggesting some form of earthquake prediction may be feasible in the future (5 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Saad |first1=Omar M. |last2=Chen |first2=Yunfeng |last3=Savvaidis |first3=Alexandros |last4=Fomel |first4=Sergey |last5=Jiang |first5=Xiuxuan |last6=Huang |first6=Dino |last7=Oboué |first7=Yapo Abolé Serge Innocent |last8=Yong |first8=Shanshan |last9=Wang |first9=Xin'an |last10=Zhang |first10=Xing |last11=Chen |first11=Yangkang |title=Earthquake Forecasting Using Big Data and Artificial Intelligence: A 30-Week Real-Time Case Study in China |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |date=5 September 2023 |volume=113 |issue=6 |pages=2461–2478 |doi=10.1785/0120230031|bibcode=2023BuSSA.113.2461S |s2cid=261570732 }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=AI-driven earthquake forecasting shows promise in trials |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-10-ai-driven-earthquake-trials.html |access-date=12 November 2023 |publisher=University of Texas at Austin via phys.org |language=en}} researchers release a large set of audiobooks for books in Project Gutenberg created automatically via generative AI with {{tooltip|near-natural voice|their demonstrated approach achieves this partly via an "emotion-inference system to dynamically change the reading voice and tone based on context"}} (7 Sep),{{cite arXiv|last1=Walsh|first1=Brendan|last2=Hamilton|first2=Mark|last3=Newby|first3=Greg|last4=Wang|first4=Xi|last5=Ruan|first5=Serena|last6=Zhao|first6=Sheng|last7=He|first7=Lei|last8=Zhang|first8=Shaofei|last9=Dettinger|first9=Eric |last10=Freeman |first10=William T.|last11=Weimer|first11=Markus|title=Large-Scale Automatic Audiobook Creation|eprint=2309.03926|date=2023|class=cs.SD}} a news outlet reports on a natural language system, demonstrated on 27 July, that can provide explanations for the conclusion-making of machine learning models for explainable AI (12 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Fadelli |first1=Ingrid |title=An interactive platform that explains machine learning models to its users |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-09-interactive-platform-machine-users.html |access-date=12 November 2023 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Slack |first1=Dylan |last2=Krishna |first2=Satyapriya |last3=Lakkaraju |first3=Himabindu |last4=Singh |first4=Sameer |title=Explaining machine learning models with interactive natural language conversations using TalkToModel |journal=Nature Machine Intelligence |date=August 2023 |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=873–883 |doi=10.1038/s42256-023-00692-8 |language=en |issn=2522-5839|doi-access=free}} researchers report a production method for spider silk fibers from gene-edited transgenic silkworms for a sustainable alternative material six times stronger than Kevlar (20 Sep),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Mi |first1=Junpeng |last2=Zhou |first2=Yizhong |last3=Ma |first3=Sanyuan |last4=Zhou |first4=Xingping |last5=Xu |first5=Shouying |last6=Yang |first6=Yuchen |last7=Sun |first7=Yuan |last8=Xia |first8=Qingyou |last9=Zhu |first9=Hongnian |last10=Wang |first10=Suyang |last11=Tian |first11=Luyang |last12=Meng |first12=Qing |title=High-strength and ultra-tough whole spider silk fibers spun from transgenic silkworms |journal=Matter |date=October 2023 |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=3661–3683 |doi=10.1016/j.matt.2023.08.013|s2cid=262157827 |doi-access=free }} a new generation of sleeping trains is presented amid a comeback of this transport technology in Europe as demand for more comfortable travel modes than overnight buses and sustainable transport rises (30 Sep).{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Austria rail operator OeBB unveils new night trains |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-09-austria-rail-oebb-unveils-night.html |access-date=12 November 2023 |work=techxplore.com |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Georgiadis |first1=Philip |title='We are full': the rebirth of Europe's sleeper trains |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c9d92684-8c0a-480c-9b95-d568551fc42d |access-date=12 November 2023 |work=Financial Times|location=London |date=10 March 2023}}

=October=

{{vanchor|1 October}} – Astronomers propose a new, more comprehensive, view of the cosmos, which includes all objects in the universe, and suggested that the universe may have begun with instantons, and may be a black hole.{{#invoke:Cite |news |author=Australian National University |title=A new view of all objects in the universe |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-10-view-universe.html |date=18 October 2023 |work=Phys.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231019205532/https://phys.org/news/2023-10-view-universe.html |archive-date=19 October 2023 |access-date=19 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lineweaver |first1=Charles H. |last2=Patel |first2=Vihan N.|title=All objects and some questions |date=1 October 2023 |journal=American Journal of Physics |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages=819–825 |doi=10.1119/5.0150209 |bibcode=2023AmJPh..91..819L |s2cid=262181775 |doi-access=free }}
{{vanchor|2 October}}
Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman share the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in developing mRNA vaccines, which played a crucial role in the COVID-19 pandemic.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Nobel Prize goes to scientists behind mRNA Covid vaccines |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-66983060 |date=2 October 2023 |publisher=BBC News|access-date=2 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2023/summary/ |date=2 October 2023 |work=The Nobel Prize|access-date=2 October 2023 }}
Pairs of Jupiter-sized rogue planets, unconnected to any star, are spotted in the Orion Nebula by the James Webb Space Telescope. They are termed Jupiter-Mass Binary Objects, or "JuMBOs" for short.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=O'Callaghan |first=Jonathan|title=The Orion Nebula Is Full of Impossible Enigmas That Come in Pairs – In new, high-resolution imagery of the star-forming region, scientists spotted worlds that defied explanation, naming them Jupiter Mass Binary Objects. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/02/science/orion-nebula-webb-planets.html |date=2 October 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231002114507/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/02/science/orion-nebula-webb-planets.html |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=2 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=James Webb telescope makes 'JuMBO' discovery of planet-like objects in Orion |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-66974738 |date=2 October 2023 |publisher=BBC News|access-date=2 October 2023 }}{{cite arXiv|title=Jupiter Mass Binary Objects in the Trapezium Cluster|eprint=2310.01231|author1=Samuel G Pearson|author2=Mark J McCaughrean|date=2023|class=astro-ph.EP}}
{{vanchor|3 October}}
Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier share the Nobel Prize in Physics for illuminating how electrons move, and related techniques that permit scientists to capture the motions of subatomic particles moving at extremely fast speeds.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Bubola |first1=Emma |last2=Miller |first2=Katrina |title=Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to 3 Scientists for Illuminating How Electrons Move – Techniques resulting from the work of Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier let scientists capture the motions of subatomic particles moving at impossible speeds. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/03/science/nobel-prize-physics.html |date=3 October 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231004115744/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/03/science/nobel-prize-physics.html |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 }}
Biologists report studies of animals (over 1,500 different species) that found same-sex behavior (not necessarily related to human orientation) may help improve social stability by reducing conflict within the groups studied.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Zimmer |title=Same-Sex Behavior Evolved in Many Mammals to Reduce Conflict, Study Suggests – But the researchers cautioned that the work could not shed much light on sexual orientation in humans. + comment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/03/science/same-sex-behavior-evolution-mammals.html |date=3 October 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004011315/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/03/science/same-sex-behavior-evolution-mammals.html#permid=128206761 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Gómez, José M. |display-authors=et al. |title=The evolution of same-sex sexual behaviour in mammals |date=3 October 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=14 |number=5719 |page=5719 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-41290-x |pmid=37788987 |pmc=10547684 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.5719G }}
{{vanchor|4 October}}
Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus and Alexei I. Ekimov share the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and development of quantum dot nanoparticles.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Bubola |first1=Emma |last2=Miller |first2=Katrina |title=Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Work With Quantum Dots – Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus and Alexei Ekimov were selected for the prize for their discovery and development of the nanoparticles. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobel-prize-chemistry.html |date=4 October 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231004101356/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobel-prize-chemistry.html |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 }}
A review reports 25 consensus statements of 248 scientists, with a total of 2,697 peer-reviewed publications on light and circadian clocks since 2008, relating to its impacts on health. They find despite the health concerns, "less than 0.5% of the lighting sold today can modify spectral content and intensity between day and night".{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Moore-Ede |first1=Martin |last2=Blask |first2=David E. |last3=Cain |first3=Sean W. |last4=Heitmann |first4=Anneke |last5=Nelson |first5=Randy J. |title=Lights should support circadian rhythms: evidence-based scientific consensus |journal=Frontiers in Photonics |date=2023 |volume=4 |doi=10.3389/fphot.2023.1272934 |issn=2673-6853|doi-access=free}} On 9 October, the largest cross-sectional study about night-light exposure and psychiatric disorders supports and complements earlier results that indicate causal links.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Burns |first1=Angus C. |last2=Windred |first2=Daniel P. |last3=Rutter |first3=Martin K. |last4=Olivier |first4=Patrick |last5=Vetter |first5=Céline |last6=Saxena |first6=Richa |last7=Lane |first7=Jacqueline M. |last8=Phillips |first8=Andrew J. K. |last9=Cain |first9=Sean W. |title=Day and night light exposure are associated with psychiatric disorders: an objective light study in >85,000 people |journal=Nature Mental Health |date=November 2023 |volume=1 |issue=11 |pages=853–862 |doi=10.1038/s44220-023-00135-8 |language=en |issn=2731-6076|doi-access=free }}

File:The FLAMINGO project – cosmological hydrodynamical simulations for large-scale structure and galaxy cluster surveys.jpg: The most comprehensive cosmological simulations are reported with challenging results]]

{{vanchor|5 October}} – Biologists report studies confirming the age of human footprints found in the state of New Mexico in the United States to be "up to 23,000 years old", the earliest found traces of people in North America.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Wei-Haas |first=Maya |title=New Evidence That Ancient Footprints Push Back Human Arrival in North America – Following up on a study in 2021 of tracks found in New Mexico, researchers used more methods to bolster the claim that the tracks are up to 23,000 years old. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/05/science/footprints-tracks-new-mexico-age.html |date=5 October 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231005191740/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/05/science/footprints-tracks-new-mexico-age.html |archive-date=5 October 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Pigati, Jeffrey S. |display-authors=et al. |title=Independent age estimates resolve the controversy of ancient human footprints at White Sands |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adh5007 |date=5 October 2023 |journal=Science |volume=382 |issue=6666 |pages=73–75 |doi=10.1126/science.adh5007 |pmid=37797035 |bibcode=2023Sci...382...73P |s2cid=263672291 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231007004329/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adh5007 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 }}
{{vanchor|10 October}} – Gene-edited chickens with partial resistance to bird flu are developed at the University of Edinburgh's Roslin Institute.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Bird flu: Scientists see gene editing hope for immune chickens |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-67066892 |date=10 October 2023 |publisher=BBC News|access-date=10 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Idoko-Akoh |first1=Alewo |last2=Goldhill |first2=Daniel H. |last3=Sheppard |first3=Carol M. |last4=Bialy |first4=Dagmara |last5=Quantrill |first5=Jessica L. |last6=Sukhova |first6=Ksenia |last7=Brown |first7=Jonathan C. |last8=Richardson |first8=Samuel |last9=Campbell |first9=Ciara |last10=Taylor |first10=Lorna |last11=Sherman |first11=Adrian |last12=Nazki |first12=Salik |last13=Long |first13=Jason S. |last14=Skinner |first14=Michael A. |last15=Shelton |first15=Holly |last16=Sang |first16=Helen M. |last17=Barclay |first17=Wendy S. |last18=McGrew |first18=Mike J. |title=Creating resistance to avian influenza infection through genome editing of the ANP32 gene family |journal=Nature Communications |date=10 October 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=6136 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-41476-3 |pmid=37816720 |pmc=10564915 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.6136I |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|11 October}}
The first known afterglow of a collision between two exoplanets is captured by astronomers, who observe the event around a Sun-like star located 1,800 light years away.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Afterglow of cataclysmic collision between two planets seen for first time |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/oct/11/afterglow-cataclysmic-collision-between-two-planets-seen-for-first-time |date=11 October 2023 |work=The Guardian|access-date=12 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Researchers capture first-ever afterglow of huge planetary collision in outer space |url=https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2023/october/exoplanet-collision.html |date=11 October 2023 |publisher=University of Bristol|access-date=12 October 2023 }}
The recovered capsule from the OSIRIS-REx sample-return mission, that sampled the asteroid 101955 Bennu, is opened to reveal a "first look" at the asteroid sample contents.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Unveils First Glimpse of 'Scientific Treasure' Collected From Asteroid – Scientists said they got more material than expected from the Osiris-Rex mission during its seven-year journey to the asteroid Bennu. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/11/science/nasa-asteroid-osiris-rex-bennu.html |date=11 October 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231011174611/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/11/science/nasa-asteroid-osiris-rex-bennu.html |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=12 October 2023 }}
{{vanchor|12 October}}
An expert elicitation study reports potential scenarios of civil unrest in the UK in the coming decades, due to food shortages caused by extreme weather.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Experts warn of risk of civil unrest in UK due to food shortages |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/10/231012111710.htm |date=12 October 2023 |access-date=13 October 2023|publisher=University of York via Science Daily}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Jones |first1=Aled |last2=Bridle |first2=Sarah |last3=Denby |first3=Katherine |display-authors=et al. |title=Scoping Potential Routes to UK Civil Unrest via the Food System: Results of a Structured Expert Elicitation |journal=Sustainability |date=12 October 2023 |volume=15 |issue=20 |page=14783 |doi=10.3390/su152014783 |language=en |issn=2071-1050|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023Sust...1514783J |hdl=2164/21908 |hdl-access=free }}
A study highlights the exponential growth of satellite constellations in Earth orbit, which is "creating serious safety and long-term sustainability challenges" and requires urgent action by the International Telecommunication Union.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Over 1 million satellites could be headed to Earth orbit, and scientists are worried |url=https://www.space.com/million-satellites-congest-low-earth-orbit-study-shows |date=17 October 2023 |work=Space.com|access-date=21 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |title=One million (paper) satellites |url=https://outerspaceinstitute.ca/docs/One%20million%20(paper)%20satellites%20-%20Accepted%20Version%20.pdf |date=12 October 2023 |journal=Science|doi=10.1126/science.adi4639 |access-date=21 October 2023 |last1=Falle |first1=Andrew |last2=Wright |first2=Ewan |last3=Boley |first3=Aaron |last4=Byers |first4=Michael |volume=382 |issue=6667 |pages=150–152 |pmid=37824632 |bibcode=2023Sci...382..150F |s2cid=263908753 }}
A review summarizes the research on the transition from unconsciousness to consciousness in humans, integrating new neuroscientific findings about the content and structure of infant consciousness.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Bayne |first1=Tim |last2=Frohlich |first2=Joel |last3=Cusack |first3=Rhodri |last4=Moser |first4=Julia |last5=Naci |first5=Lorina |title=Consciousness in the cradle: on the emergence of infant experience |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |date=December 2023 |volume=27 |issue=12 |pages=1135–1149 |doi=10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.018|pmid=37838614 |pmc=10660191 }}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=New research sheds fresh light on mystery of infant consciousness |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-10-fresh-mystery-infant-consciousness.html |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=Trinity College Dublin via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}
A study reports transient windows of decision reactivity to external stimuli during sleep and signatures of conscious processing in lucid REM sleep.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Türker |first1=Başak |last2=Musat |first2=Esteban Munoz |last3=Chabani |first3=Emma |last4=Fonteix-Galet |first4=Alexandrine |last5=Maranci |first5=Jean-Baptiste |last6=Wattiez |first6=Nicolas |last7=Pouget |first7=Pierre |last8=Sitt |first8=Jacobo |last9=Naccache |first9=Lionel |last10=Arnulf |first10=Isabelle |last11=Oudiette |first11=Delphine |title=Behavioral and brain responses to verbal stimuli reveal transient periods of cognitive integration of the external world during sleep |journal=Nature Neuroscience |date=November 2023 |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1981–1993 |doi=10.1038/s41593-023-01449-7 |pmid=37828228 |pmc=10620087 |language=en |issn=1546-1726|doi-access=free}}
Three studies report specifications and results of the largest cosmological simulations{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Schaye |first1=Joop |last2=Kugel |first2=Roi |last3=Schaller |first3=Matthieu |last4=Helly |first4=John C |last5=Braspenning |first5=Joey |last6=Elbers |first6=Willem |last7=McCarthy |first7=Ian G |last8=van Daalen |first8=Marcel P |last9=Vandenbroucke |first9=Bert |last10=Frenk |first10=Carlos S |last11=Kwan |first11=Juliana |last12=Salcido |first12=Jaime |last13=Bahé |first13=Yannick M |last14=Borrow |first14=Josh |last15=Chaikin |first15=Evgenii |last16=Hahn |first16=Oliver |last17=Huško |first17=Filip |last18=Jenkins |first18=Adrian |last19=Lacey |first19=Cedric G |last20=Nobels |first20=Folkert S J |title=The FLAMINGO project: cosmological hydrodynamical simulations for large-scale structure and galaxy cluster surveys |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=20 October 2023 |volume=526 |issue=4 |pages=4978–5020 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad2419|doi-access=free|arxiv=2306.04024 }} that incorporate both dark matter and normal matter, further{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Lemonick |first1=Michael D. |title=A Possible Crisis in the Cosmos Could Lead to a New Understanding of the Universe |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-possible-crisis-in-the-cosmos-could-lead-to-a-new-understanding-of-the-universe/ |access-date=14 December 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Nguyen |first1=Nhat-Minh |last2=Huterer |first2=Dragan |last3=Wen |first3=Yuewei |title=Evidence for Suppression of Structure Growth in the Concordance Cosmological Model |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=11 September 2023 |volume=131 |issue=11 |page=111001 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.111001|pmid=37774267 |arxiv=2302.01331 |bibcode=2023PhRvL.131k1001N }} deepening the S₈ tension challenge {{tooltip|to the standard cosmological model|If there are no biases in the observational data this may mean the ΛCDM model is flawed.}}.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Zastrow |first1=Mark |title=Watch the universe evolve in the most comprehensive simulation ever |url=https://www.astronomy.com/science/watch-the-universe-evolve-in-the-deepest-simulation-ever/ |access-date=14 December 2023 |work=Astronomy Magazine |date=1 November 2023}}

File:PIA21499_-_Artist's_Concept_of_Psyche_Spacecraft_with_Five-Panel_Array.jpg mission.]]

{{vanchor|13 October}}
NASA launches its Psyche mission to visit the large metallic asteroid 16 Psyche.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Nasa probe launches to metal asteroid Psyche|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-67099605 |date=13 October 2023 |publisher=BBC News|access-date=13 October 2023 }}
A meta-analysis finds that three doses of a COVID-19 vaccine offer 69% effectiveness against long COVID, while two doses offer 37% efficacy.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Review estimates 69% 3-dose vaccine efficacy against long COVID|url=https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/review-estimates-69-3-dose-vaccine-efficacy-against-long-covid |date=13 October 2023 |publisher=University of Minnesota|access-date=15 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Marra |first1=Alexandre R. |last2=Kobayashi |first2=Takaaki |last3=Callado |first3=Gustavo Yano |last4=Pardo |first4=Isabele |last5=Gutfreund |first5=Maria Celidonio |last6=Hsieh |first6=Mariana Kim |last7=Lin |first7=Vivian |last8=Alsuhaibani |first8=Mohammed |last9=Hasegawa |first9=Shinya |last10=Tholany |first10=Joseph |last11=Perencevich |first11=Eli N. |last12=Salinas |first12=Jorge L. |last13=Edmond |first13=Michael B. |last14=Rizzo |first14=Luiz Vicente |title=The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in the prevention of post-COVID conditions: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the latest research |journal=Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology |date=January 2023 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=e168 |doi=10.1017/ash.2023.447 |pmid=38028898 |pmc=10644173 |language=en |issn=2732-494X|doi-access=free}}
21 studies provide new insights about the human brain at the cellular level such as identifying and characterizing differentially expressed genes in shared cell-types in a language-associated region of the cortex compared to other apes{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Jorstad |first1=Nikolas L. |last2=Song |first2=Janet H. T. |last3=Exposito-Alonso |first3=David |display-authors=et al. |title=Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features |journal=Science |date=13 October 2023 |volume=382 |issue=6667 |pages=eade9516 |doi=10.1126/science.ade9516 |pmid=37824638 |pmc=10659116 |bibcode=2023Sci...382e9516J |language=en |issn=0036-8075}} and showing human variability of the expression of 150–250 genes for most cell types of profiled cortical tissues of 75 individuals with brain diseases.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Johansen |first1=Nelson |last2=Somasundaram |first2=Saroja |last3=Travaglini |first3=Kyle J. |display-authors=et al. |title=Interindividual variation in human cortical cell type abundance and expression |journal=Science |date=13 October 2023 |volume=382 |issue=6667 |pages=eadf2359 |doi=10.1126/science.adf2359 |pmid=37824649 |pmc=11702338 |bibcode=2023Sci...382f2359J |s2cid=263908762 |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=What a look at more than 3,000 kinds of cells in the human brain tells us |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/human-brain-cells-new-census |access-date=14 December 2023 |work=Science News |date=12 October 2023}}
A policy studies review of 200 guidelines about AI ethics, safety and governance summarizes resonating principles and common concerns, providing an evaluating situation report amid what it calls an "AI ethics boom".{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Corrêa |first1=Nicholas Kluge |last2=Galvão |first2=Camila |last3=Santos |first3=James William |last4=Del Pino |first4=Carolina |last5=Pinto |first5=Edson Pontes |last6=Barbosa |first6=Camila |last7=Massmann |first7=Diogo |last8=Mambrini |first8=Rodrigo |last9=Galvão |first9=Luiza |last10=Terem |first10=Edmund |last11=de Oliveira |first11=Nythamar |title=Worldwide AI ethics: A review of 200 guidelines and recommendations for AI governance |journal=Patterns |date=October 2023 |volume=4 |issue=10 |page=100857 |doi=10.1016/j.patter.2023.100857 |pmid=37876898 |pmc=10591196 |issn=2666-3899|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|14 October}} – The Joint European Torus nuclear fusion laboratory conducts its final experiments after 40 years in operation.{{#invoke:Cite |web |first=Esme |last=Stallard |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67101176 |title=UK's nuclear fusion site ends experiments after 40 years |date=13 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023 |publisher=BBC News }}

File:The satellite virus MiniFlayer attaches to the neck of its helper virus, phage MindFlayer.jpg: The first discovery of a virus, phage MiniFlayer, that attaches to another helper virus is reported.]]

File:Problems in scholarly communication – Four major reasons why a move towards open science is needed (Towards responsible publishing - a proposal from cOAlition S).png: The coalition behind Plan S publishes a proposal to the scientific community for moving scholarly communication towards open science practices to address alleged issues in scholarly communication.]]

{{vanchor|16 October}}
An overview of detecting life on Earth from distant star-based systems is published.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last=Witze |first=Alexandria |title=How would we know whether there is life on Earth? This bold experiment found out – Thirty years ago, astronomer Carl Sagan convinced NASA to turn a passing space probe's instruments on Earth to look for life – with results that still reverberate today. |date=16 October 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=622 |issue=7983 |pages=451–452 |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-03230-z |pmid=37845527 |s2cid=264129417 |doi-access=free }}
Scientists propose a new law of evolution, extending the established Darwinian ones, and described as the "law of increasing functional information".{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Dunham |first=Will |title=Scientists propose sweeping new law of nature, expanding on evolution |url=https://www.reuters.com/science/scientists-propose-sweeping-new-law-nature-expanding-evolution-2023-10-16/ |date=16 October 2023 |work=Reuters|url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231017004817/https://www.reuters.com/science/scientists-propose-sweeping-new-law-nature-expanding-evolution-2023-10-16/ |archive-date=17 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Wong, Michael L. |display-authors=et al. |title=On the roles of function and selection in evolving systems |date=16 October 2023 |journal=PNAS |volume=120 |issue=43 |pages=e2310223120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2310223120 |pmid=37844243 |pmc=10614609 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12010223W |s2cid=264168550 |doi-access=free}}
21 species in the United States are declared extinct by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. These are one mammal, ten birds, two fish, and eight mussels.{{#invoke:Cite |web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/oct/17/extinct-species-removed-endangered-species-act |title=21 species removed from US Endangered Species Act after going extinct |date=17 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2023 |work=The Guardian }}{{#invoke:Cite |web | url=https://fws.gov/press-release/2023-10/21-species-delisted-endangered-species-act-due-extinction |title=21 Species Delisted from the Endangered Species Act due to Extinction|date=16 October 2023 |access-date=18 October 2023 |work=US Fish and Wildlife Service }}
Scientists report the facial reconstruction of Pierolapithecus catalaunicus, a 12 million years old great ape.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Johnson |first=Mark |title=Scientists reconstructed the face of a 12 million-year-old great ape – Fossils of the extinct species Pierolapithecus catalaunicus may reveal clues about our origins |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2023/10/24/ancient-ape-face-reconstructed-fossils-landfill/ |date=24 October 2023 |newspaper=The Washington Post|url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231024143144/https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2023/10/24/ancient-ape-face-reconstructed-fossils-landfill/ |archive-date=24 October 2023 |access-date=25 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Pugh, Kelsey D. |display-authors=et al. |title=The reconstructed cranium of Pierolapithecus and the evolution of the great ape face |date=16 October 2023 |journal=PNAS |volume=120 |issue=44 |pages=e2218778120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2218778120 |doi-access=free |pmid=37844214 |pmc=10622906 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12018778P }}
{{vanchor|19 October}}
Astronomers report that FRB 20220610A, a Fast Radio Burst, took 8 billion years to reach Earth.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last=Conroy |first=Gemma |title=This fast radio burst took 8 billion years to reach Earth – The bright flash has cosmologists adjusting their models on how such intergalactic energy behaves. |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03264-3 |date=19 October 2023 |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-03264-3 |pmid=37857878 |s2cid=264347750 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231020121014/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03264-3 |archive-date=20 October 2023 |access-date=20 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Ryder, S.D. |display-authors=et al. |title=A luminous fast radio burst that probes the Universe at redshift 1 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf2678 |date=19 October 2023 |journal=Science |volume=382 |issue=6668 |pages=294–299 |doi=10.1126/science.adf2678 |pmid=37856596 |arxiv=2210.04680 |bibcode=2023Sci...382..294R |s2cid=252780231 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231020123500/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf2678 |archive-date=20 October 2023 |access-date=20 October 2023 }}
Astronomers report the finding, for the first time, of Ultra-Fast Radio Bursts lasting millionths of a second.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Tognetti |first=Laurence |title=Now Astronomers have Discovered "Ultra-Fast Radio Bursts" Lasting Millionths of a Second |url=https://www.universetoday.com/163829/now-astronomers-have-discovered-ultra-fast-radio-bursts-lasting-millionths-of-a-second/ |date=22 October 2023 |work=Universe Today |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231023125043/https://www.universetoday.com/163829/now-astronomers-have-discovered-ultra-fast-radio-bursts-lasting-millionths-of-a-second/ |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=23 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Snelders, M.P. |display-authors=et al. |title=Detection of ultra-fast radio bursts from FRB 20121102A |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-023-02101-x |date=19 October 2023 |journal=Nature Astronomy |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=1486–1496 |doi=10.1038/s41550-023-02101-x |arxiv=2307.02303 |bibcode=2023NatAs...7.1486S |s2cid=264359645 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231023124510/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-023-02101-x |archive-date=23 October 2023 |access-date=23 October 2023 }}
A new edge-based computer processor called NorthPole is developed by IBM Research, able to run AI-based image recognition apps 22 times faster than chips currently on the market.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=IBM's NorthPole chip runs AI-based image recognition 22 times faster than current chips|url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-ibm-northpole-chip-ai-based-image.html |date=20 October 2023 |work=Tech Xplore|access-date=21 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Modha |first1=Dharmendra S. |last2=Akopyan |first2=Filipp |display-authors=et al. |title=Neural inference at the frontier of energy, space, and time |journal=Science |date=20 October 2023 |volume=382 |issue=6668 |pages=329–335 |doi=10.1126/science.adh1174 |pmid=37856600 |bibcode=2023Sci...382..329M |s2cid=264306410 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adh1174 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}
A study links a large marine macrofauna population collapse mortality event, the death of ~10 billion snow crabs around 2018, to marine heatwaves that caused mass starvation.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Szuwalski |first1=Cody S. |last2=Aydin |first2=Kerim |last3=Fedewa |first3=Erin J. |last4=Garber-Yonts |first4=Brian |last5=Litzow |first5=Michael A. |title=The collapse of eastern Bering Sea snow crab |journal=Science |date=20 October 2023 |volume=382 |issue=6668 |pages=306–310 |doi=10.1126/science.adf6035 |pmid=37856593 |bibcode=2023Sci...382..306S |s2cid=264306423 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf6035|url-access=subscription}}
{{vanchor|20 October}} – A study reports evidence of recent plant adaptive evolution, involving a leaf color change from green to red of a woodsorrel, due to urban heat islands. It provides information regarding evolutionary dynamics of climate change and human adaptation.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Fukano |first1=Yuya |last2=Yamori |first2=Wataru |last3=Misu |first3=Hayata |last4=Sato |first4=Mitsuhiko P. |last5=Shirasawa |first5=Kenta |last6=Tachiki |first6=Yuuya |last7=Uchida |first7=Kei |title=From green to red: Urban heat stress drives leaf color evolution |journal=Science Advances |date=20 October 2023 |volume=9 |issue=42 |pages=eabq3542 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abq3542 |pmid=37862418 |pmc=10588939 |bibcode=2023SciA....9.3542F |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|23 October}} – A significant breakthrough in treating cervical cancer is reported, with participants in a Phase III trial seeing a 35% reduction in the risk of both mortality or the disease returning. The study used a combination of existing, cheap drugs ahead of usual radiotherapy treatment.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Biggest cervical cancer drug advance in 20 years hailed|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-67192441 |date=23 October 2023 |publisher=BBC News|access-date=23 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=McCormack |first1=M. |last2=Gallardo Rincón |first2=D. |last3=Eminowicz |first3=G. |last4=Diez |first4=P. |last5=Farrelly |first5=L. |last6=Kent |first6=C. |last7=Hudson |first7=E. |last8=Panades |first8=M. |last9=Mathews |first9=T. |last10=Anand |first10=A. |last11=Persic |first11=M. |last12=Forrest |first12=J. |last13=Bhana |first13=R. |last14=Reed |first14=N. |last15=Drake |first15=A. |last16=Stobart |first16=H. |last17=Mukhopadhyay |first17=A. |last18=Hacker |first18=A.M. |last19=Hackshaw |first19=A. |last20=Ledermann |first20=J.A. |title=LBA8 A randomised phase III trial of induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation compared with chemoradiation alone in locally advanced cervical cancer: The GCIG INTERLACE trial |journal=Annals of Oncology |date=October 2023 |volume=34 |pages=S1276 |doi=10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.028 |s2cid=264394149 |url=https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(23)04172-8/fulltext|url-access=subscription}}
University press release: {{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Better use of existing drugs increases cervical cancer survival and reduces recurrence|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2023/oct/better-use-existing-drugs-increases-cervical-cancer-survival-and-reduces-recurrence |date=23 October 2023 |work=University College London|access-date=23 October 2023 }}
{{vanchor|24 October}}
California-based startup Atom Computing announces a 1,225-qubit quantum computer, the first to break the 1,000+ barrier, which it plans to release in 2024.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Atom Computing is the first to announce a 1,000+ qubit quantum computer|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/10/atom-computing-is-the-first-to-announce-a-1000-qubit-quantum-computer/ |date=24 October 2023 |work=arstechnica|access-date=25 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Atom Computing Announces Record-Breaking 1,225-Qubit Quantum Computer|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2023/10/24/atom-computing-announces-record-breaking-1225-qubit-quantum-computer/?sh=10da57a2491a |date=24 October 2023 |work=Forbes|access-date=25 October 2023 }}
NASA provides updated details of its Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, planned for launch by 2027.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Why NASA's Roman Mission Will Study Milky Way's Flickering Lights|url=https://www.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/why-nasas-roman-mission-will-study-milky-ways-flickering-lights/ |date=24 October 2023 |work=NASA|access-date=26 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title= Roman set to ID our furthest-known exoplanet in its uncharted-space jaunt |url=https://newatlas.com/space/roman-exoplanet-milkyway/ |date=25 October 2023 |work=New Atlas|access-date=26 October 2023 }}
JT-60SA, the world's largest fusion reactor, located in Japan, achieves first plasma.{{#invoke:Cite |web |date=31 October 2023 |title=First plasma fired up at world's largest fusion reactor |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/first-plasma-fired-world-s-largest-fusion-reactor}}
A study reviewing the 'planetary vital signs' reports deeply concerning patterns and records, minimal progress of mitigation by humanity, and a set of broad policy recommendations. It represents an annual update to a 2019 study that has been signed by now 15,000 researchers to track the state of climate change and its mitigation.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Bartels |first1=Meghan |title=Earth's Latest 'Vital Signs' Show the Planet Is in Crisis |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/earths-latest-vital-signs-show-the-planet-is-in-crisis/ |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Ripple |first1=William J |last2=Wolf |first2=Christopher |last3=Gregg |first3=Jillian W |last4=Rockström |first4=Johan |last5=Newsome |first5=Thomas M |last6=Law |first6=Beverly E |last7=Marques |first7=Luiz |last8=Lenton |first8=Timothy M |last9=Xu |first9=Chi |last10=Huq |first10=Saleemul |last11=Simons |first11=Leon |last12=King |first12=Sir David Anthony |title=The 2023 state of the climate report: Entering uncharted territory |journal=BioScience |date=24 October 2023 |volume=73 |issue=12 |pages=841–850 |doi=10.1093/biosci/biad080|doi-access=free }}
{{vanchor|25 October}} – Scientists, helped by information derived from the Mars InSight lander, report that the planet Mars has a radioactive magma ocean under its crust.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Andrews |first=Robin George |title=A Radioactive Sea of Magma Hides Under the Surface of Mars – The discovery helped to show why the red planet's core is not as large as earlier estimates had suggested it might be. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/25/science/mars-core-magma-insight.html |date=25 October 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231025161022/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/25/science/mars-core-magma-insight.html |archive-date=25 October 2023 |access-date=26 October 2023 }}
{{vanchor|26 October}} – Astronomers report studies that suggest for the first time that the planet Venus may have had plate tectonics during ancient times, and, as a result, may have had a cooler more habitable environment, and possibly one capable of generating life forms.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Billions of Years Ago, Venus May Have Had a Key Earthlike Feature – A new study makes the case that the solar system's hellish second planet once may have had plate tectonics that could have made it more hospitable to life. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/science/venus-plate-tectonics-life.html |date=26 October 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231026181052/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/science/venus-plate-tectonics-life.html |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=27 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Weller, Matthew B. |display-authors=et al. |title=Venus's atmospheric nitrogen explained by ancient plate tectonics |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375011617 |url-access=subscription |date=26 October 2023 |journal=Nature Astronomy |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=1436–1444 |doi=10.1038/s41550-023-02102-w |bibcode=2023NatAs...7.1436W |s2cid=264530764 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231027132655/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-023-02102-w |archive-date=27 October 2023 |access-date=27 October 2023 }}
{{vanchor|28 October}} – Positive results are reported in a study with rats of the experimental vaccine calixcoca meant for treating cocaine addiction. Clinical trials in humans are the next step of the study.{{#invoke:Cite |web |date=28 October 2023 |title=Scientists in Brazil are developing the first vaccine that could help break cocaine addiction |url=https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/10/28/scientists-in-brazil-are-developing-the-first-vaccine-that-could-help-break-cocaine-addict}}
{{vanchor|30 October}} – A study finds that the world's remaining carbon budget for 1.5 °C of global warming is only half that of previous estimates, at less than 250 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide, or around six years of annual worldwide emissions.{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=Climate crisis: carbon emissions budget is now tiny, scientists say |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/30/climate-crisis-carbon-emissions-budget |work=The Guardian|date=30 October 2023 |access-date=31 October 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lamboll |first1=Robin D. |last2=Nicholls |first2=Zebedee R. J. |last3=Smith |first3=Christopher J. |last4=Kikstra |first4=Jarmo S. |last5=Byers |first5=Edward |last6=Rogelj |first6=Joeri |title=Assessing the size and uncertainty of remaining carbon budgets |journal=Nature Climate Change |date=December 2023 |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=1360–1367 |doi=10.1038/s41558-023-01848-5 |bibcode=2023NatCC..13.1360L |language=en |issn=1758-6798|doi-access=free}}
{{vanchor|31 October}}
The first discovery of a virus, phage MiniFlayer, that attaches to another helper virus is reported.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=deCarvalho |first1=Tagide |last2=Mascolo |first2=Elia |last3=Caruso |first3=Steven M. |last4=López-Pérez |first4=Júlia |last5=Weston-Hafer |first5=Kathleen |last6=Shaffer |first6=Christopher |last7=Erill |first7=Ivan |title=Simultaneous entry as an adaptation to virulence in a novel satellite-helper system infecting Streptomyces species |journal=The ISME Journal |date=December 2023 |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=2381–2388 |doi=10.1038/s41396-023-01548-0 |pmid=37907733 |pmc=10690885 |bibcode=2023ISMEJ..17.2381D |language=en |issn=1751-7370|doi-access=free}}
The coalition of research organizations and science funders behind Plan S publishes a proposal for moving scholarly communication towards open science practices that are more transparent, accessible, efficient and without author fees.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sanderson |first1=Katharine |title=Who should pay for open-access publishing? APC alternatives emerge |journal=Nature |date=14 November 2023 |volume=623 |issue=7987 |pages=472–473 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-03506-4|pmid=37964063 |bibcode=2023Natur.623..472S |doi-access=free }}{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=Towards Responsible Publishing {{!}} Plan S |url=https://www.coalition-s.org/towards-responsible-publishing/ |website=coalition-s.org |access-date=17 December 2023}}
{{vanchor|Hazards_October|text=Hazard research is published}}: a study further confirms{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Powis |first1=Carter M. |last2=Byrne |first2=David |last3=Zobel |first3=Zachary |last4=Gassert |first4=Kelly N. |last5=Lute |first5=A. C. |last6=Schwalm |first6=Christopher R. |title=Observational and model evidence together support wide-spread exposure to noncompensable heat under continued global warming |journal=Science Advances |date=8 September 2023 |volume=9 |issue=36 |pages=eadg9297 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adg9297 |pmid=37682995 |pmc=10491292 |bibcode=2023SciA....9G9297P |language=en |issn=2375-2548}} noncompensable moist heat extremes will be beyond bounds of past human evolutionary environments for billions of people (9 Oct),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Vecellio |first1=Daniel J. |last2=Kong |first2=Qinqin |last3=Kenney |first3=W. Larry |last4=Huber |first4=Matthew |title=Greatly enhanced risk to humans as a consequence of empirically determined lower moist heat stress tolerance |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=17 October 2023 |volume=120 |issue=42 |pages=e2305427120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2305427120 |doi-access=free |pmid=37812703 |pmc=10589700 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12005427V |language=en |issn=0027-8424}} an analysis calls for health policy regarding unhealthy ultra-processed foods (9 Oct),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Touvier |first1=Mathilde |last2=Louzada |first2=Maria Laura da Costa |last3=Mozaffarian |first3=Dariush |last4=Baker |first4=Phillip |last5=Juul |first5=Filippa |last6=Srour |first6=Bernard |title=Ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health: public health policies to reduce consumption cannot wait |journal=The BMJ |date=9 October 2023 |volume=383 |pages=e075294 |doi=10.1136/bmj-2023-075294 |pmid=37813465 |pmc=10561017 |language=en |issn=1756-1833}} an analysis calls for action regarding the summarized environmental footprint of bitcoin mining (9 Oct),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Chamanara |first1=Sanaz |last2=Ghaffarizadeh |first2=S. Arman |last3=Madani |first3=Kaveh |title=The Environmental Footprint of Bitcoin Mining Across the Globe: Call for Urgent Action |journal=Earth's Future |date=October 2023 |volume=11 |issue=10 |doi=10.1029/2023EF003871 |bibcode=2023EaFut..1103871C |language=en |issn=2328-4277|doi-access=free}} a global assessment of {{tooltip|risk from increasing|due to climate change and land use}} pollinator loss to crop pollination shows cocoa and coffee at high risk (12 Oct),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Millard |first1=Joseph |last2=Outhwaite |first2=Charlotte L. |last3=Ceaușu |first3=Silvia |last4=Carvalheiro |first4=Luísa G. |last5=da Silva e Silva |first5=Felipe Deodato |last6=Dicks |first6=Lynn V. |last7=Ollerton |first7=Jeff |last8=Newbold |first8=Tim |title=Key tropical crops at risk from pollinator loss due to climate change and land use |journal=Science Advances |date=13 October 2023 |volume=9 |issue=41 |pages=eadh0756 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adh0756 |pmid=37824611 |pmc=10569713 |bibcode=2023SciA....9H.756M |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free}} a training data poisoning technique, 'Nightshade', against generative AI software specific to select prompts is described (20 Oct),{{cite arXiv|title=Prompt-Specific Poisoning Attacks on Text-to-Image Generative Models|eprint=2310.13828|last1=Shan|first1=Shawn|last2=Ding|first2=Wenxin|last3=Passananti|first3=Josephine|last4=Zheng|first4=Haitao|last5=Zhao|first5=Ben Y.|date=2023|class=cs.CR}} a study indicates low deep sleep percentage is a modifiable dementia risk factor (30 Oct).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Himali |first1=Jayandra J. |last2=Baril |first2=Andree-Ann |last3=Cavuoto |first3=Marina G. |last4=Yiallourou |first4=Stephanie |last5=Wiedner |first5=Crystal D. |last6=Himali |first6=Dibya |last7=DeCarli |first7=Charles |last8=Redline |first8=Susan |last9=Beiser |first9=Alexa S. |last10=Seshadri |first10=Sudha |last11=Pase |first11=Matthew P. |title=Association Between Slow-Wave Sleep Loss and Incident Dementia |journal=JAMA Neurology |date=1 December 2023 |volume=80 |issue=12 |pages=1326–1333 |doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.3889 |pmid=37902739 |pmc=10616771 |s2cid=264589420 }}
{{vanchor|Innovations_October|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are reported}}: researchers release an AI system, SIDE, to improve source-quality and reliability of Wikipedia by identifying problematic citations and recommending better ones to editors (19 Oct),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Choudhury |first1=Rizwan |title=AI can spot and fix bad references in Wikipedia, study finds |url=https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/ai-can-spot-and-fix-bad-references-in-wikipedia-study-finds |access-date=17 December 2023 |work=Interesting Engineering |date=21 October 2023}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Petroni |first1=Fabio |last2=Broscheit |first2=Samuel |last3=Piktus |first3=Aleksandra |last4=Lewis |first4=Patrick |last5=Izacard |first5=Gautier |last6=Hosseini |first6=Lucas |last7=Dwivedi-Yu |first7=Jane |last8=Lomeli |first8=Maria |last9=Schick |first9=Timo |last10=Bevilacqua |first10=Michele |last11=Mazaré |first11=Pierre-Emmanuel |last12=Joulin |first12=Armand |last13=Grave |first13=Edouard |last14=Riedel |first14=Sebastian |title=Improving Wikipedia verifiability with AI |journal=Nature Machine Intelligence |date=October 2023 |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=1142–1148 |doi=10.1038/s42256-023-00726-1 |language=en |issn=2522-5839|doi-access=free|arxiv=2207.06220 }} researchers demonstrate potential AI applications in science such as for research suggestion tools and keeping track of accelerating scientific output.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Krenn |first1=Mario |last2=Buffoni |first2=Lorenzo |last3=Coutinho |first3=Bruno |last4=Eppel |first4=Sagi |last5=Foster |first5=Jacob Gates |last6=Gritsevskiy |first6=Andrew |last7=Lee |first7=Harlin |last8=Lu |first8=Yichao |last9=Moutinho |first9=João P. |last10=Sanjabi |first10=Nima |last11=Sonthalia |first11=Rishi |last12=Tran |first12=Ngoc Mai |last13=Valente |first13=Francisco |last14=Xie |first14=Yangxinyu |last15=Yu |first15=Rose |last16=Kopp |first16=Michael |title=Forecasting the future of artificial intelligence with machine learning-based link prediction in an exponentially growing knowledge network |journal=Nature Machine Intelligence |date=November 2023 |volume=5 |issue=11 |pages=1326–1335 |doi=10.1038/s42256-023-00735-0 |language=en |issn=2522-5839|doi-access=free|arxiv=2210.00881 }}{{cite arXiv|title=Can large language models provide useful feedback on research papers? A large-scale empirical analysis.|eprint=2310.01783|last1=Liang|first1=Weixin|last2=Zhang|first2=Yuhui|last3=Cao|first3=Hancheng|last4=Wang|first4=Binglu|last5=Ding|first5=Daisy|last6=Yang|first6=Xinyu|last7=Vodrahalli|first7=Kailas|last8=He|first8=Siyu|last9=Smith|first9=Daniel |last10=Yin |first10=Yian|last11=McFarland|first11=Daniel|last12=Zou|first12=James|date=2023|class=cs.LG}}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Scientists begin building AI for scientific discovery using tech behind ChatGPT |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-10-scientists-ai-scientific-discovery-tech.html |access-date=17 December 2023 |publisher=University of Cambridge via techxplore.com |language=en}}
{{vanchor|Therapeutics_October|text=Promising results of health and medical research are reported}}: breast-cancer detection via cell-free tumor DNA in breastmilk (5 Oct),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Saura |first1=Cristina |last2=Ortiz |first2=Carolina |last3=Matito |first3=Judit |last4=Arenas |first4=Enrique J. |last5=Suñol |first5=Anna |last6=Martín |first6=Ágatha |last7=Córdoba |first7=Octavi |last8=Martínez-Sabadell |first8=Alex |last9=García-Ruiz |first9=Itziar |last10=Miranda |first10=Ignacio |last11=Morales-Comas |first11=Clara |last12=Carrasco |first12=Estela |last13=Viaplana |first13=Cristina |last14=Peg |first14=Vicente |last15=Nuciforo |first15=Paolo |last16=Bayó-Puxan |first16=Neus |last17=Gonzalez-Medina |first17=Alberto |last18=Miquel |first18=Josep M. |last19=Gómez-Rey |first19=Marina |last20=Villacampa |first20=Guillermo |last21=Arévalo |first21=Silvia |last22=Espinosa-Bravo |first22=Martín |last23=Balmaña |first23=Judith |last24=Dienstmann |first24=Rodrigo |last25=Arribas |first25=Joaquin |last26=Tabernero |first26=Josep |last27=Vivancos |first27=Ana |last28=Sansó |first28=Miriam |title=Early-Stage Breast Cancer Detection in Breast Milk |journal=Cancer Discovery |date=5 October 2023 |volume=13 |issue=10 |pages=2180–2191 |doi=10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1340|pmid=37704212 |pmc=10551665 }} monkey-tested genetically edited humanized kidney xenotransplant (11 Oct),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Anand |first1=Ranjith P. |last2=Layer |first2=Jacob V. |display-authors=et al. |title=Design and testing of a humanized porcine donor for xenotransplantation |journal=Nature |date=October 2023 |volume=622 |issue=7982 |pages=393–401 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06594-4 |pmid=37821590 |pmc=10567564 |bibcode=2023Natur.622..393A |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free}} trialed electrical brain stimulation methods against brain disorders (19 Oct),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Wessel |first1=Maximilian J. |last2=Beanato |first2=Elena |last3=Popa |first3=Traian |last4=Windel |first4=Fabienne |last5=Vassiliadis |first5=Pierre |last6=Menoud |first6=Pauline |last7=Beliaeva |first7=Valeriia |last8=Violante |first8=Ines R. |last9=Abderrahmane |first9=Hedjoudje |last10=Dzialecka |first10=Patrycja |last11=Park |first11=Chang-Hyun |last12=Maceira-Elvira |first12=Pablo |last13=Morishita |first13=Takuya |last14=Cassara |first14=Antonino M. |last15=Steiner |first15=Melanie |last16=Grossman |first16=Nir |last17=Neufeld |first17=Esra |last18=Hummel |first18=Friedhelm C. |title=Noninvasive theta-burst stimulation of the human striatum enhances striatal activity and motor skill learning |journal=Nature Neuroscience |date=November 2023 |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=2005–2016 |doi=10.1038/s41593-023-01457-7 |pmid=37857774 |pmc=10620076 |language=en |issn=1546-1726|doi-access=free}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Violante |first1=Ines R. |last2=Alania |first2=Ketevan |last3=Cassarà |first3=Antonino M. |last4=Neufeld |first4=Esra |last5=Acerbo |first5=Emma |last6=Carron |first6=Romain |last7=Williamson |first7=Adam |last8=Kurtin |first8=Danielle L. |last9=Rhodes |first9=Edward |last10=Hampshire |first10=Adam |last11=Kuster |first11=Niels |last12=Boyden |first12=Edward S. |last13=Pascual-Leone |first13=Alvaro |last14=Grossman |first14=Nir |title=Non-invasive temporal interference electrical stimulation of the human hippocampus |journal=Nature Neuroscience |date=November 2023 |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1994–2004 |doi=10.1038/s41593-023-01456-8 |pmid=37857775 |pmc=10620081 |language=en |issn=1546-1726|doi-access=free}} aged-rats tested blood plasma fraction E5 from young pig blood against aging as measured {{tooltip|by cognitive function and organ biomarkers|the study did not investigate lifespan and the results may not apply to humans}} (24 Oct).{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=New compound from pig blood can reverse ageing in rats, study claims |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/pig-blood-compound-ageing-reverse-b2442176.html |access-date=17 December 2023 |work=The Independent |date=6 November 2023 |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Horvath |first1=Steve |author-link1=Steve Horvath |last2=Singh |first2=Kavita |last3=Raj |first3=Ken |last4=Khairnar |first4=Shraddha I. |last5=Sanghavi |first5=Akshay |last6=Shrivastava |first6=Agnivesh |last7=Zoller |first7=Joseph A. |last8=Li |first8=Caesar Z. |last9=Herenu |first9=Claudia B. |last10=Canatelli-Mallat |first10=Martina |last11=Lehmann |first11=Marianne |last12=Habazin |first12=Siniša |last13=Novokmet |first13=Mislav |last14=Vučković |first14=Frano |last15=Solberg Woods |first15=Leah C. |last16=Martinez |first16=Angel Garcia |last17=Wang |first17=Tengfei |last18=Chiavellini |first18=Priscila |last19=Levine |first19=Andrew J. |last20=Chen |first20=Hao |last21=Brooke |first21=Robert T. |last22=Gordevicius |first22=Juozas |last23=Lauc |first23=Gordan |last24=Goya |first24=Rodolfo G. |last25=Katcher |first25=Harold L. |title=Reversal of biological age in multiple rat organs by young porcine plasma fraction |journal=GeroScience |date=24 October 2023 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=367–394 |doi=10.1007/s11357-023-00980-6 |pmid=37875652 |language=en |issn=2509-2723|doi-access=free|pmc=10828479 }}

=November=

{{vanchor|1 November}}
Amid an ongoing boom in artificial intelligence, the UK hosts the world's first international summit devoted to safely managing the technology.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-67172229 |title=UK reveals AI agreement as Elon Musk warns of extinction |date=1 November 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 |publisher=BBC News }}{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/countries-agree-to-safe-and-responsible-development-of-frontier-ai-in-landmark-bletchley-declaration |title=Countries agree to safe and responsible development of frontier AI in landmark Bletchley Declaration |date=1 November 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=Gov.uk }}
Computer simulations reveal that remnants of a protoplanet named Theia could be inside the Earth, left over from a giant collision in ancient times, which afterwards formed the Moon.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=A 'Big Whack' Formed the Moon and Left Traces Deep in Earth, a Study Suggests – Two enormous blobs deep inside Earth could be remnants of the birth of the moon. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/01/science/moon-formation-theia.html |date=1 November 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231101232849/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/01/science/moon-formation-theia.html |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Yuan, Qian |display-authors=et al.|title=Moon-forming impactor as a source of Earth's basal mantle anomalies |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375185502|url-access=subscription |date=1 November 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=623 |issue=7985 |pages=95–99 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06589-1 |pmid=37914947 |bibcode=2023Natur.623...95Y |s2cid=264869152 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231102061800/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06589-1 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 }}
Dinkinesh, previously thought to be a single asteroid, is revealed by NASA's Lucy probe to in fact be a binary pair.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/nasas-lucy-spacecraft-discovers-2nd-asteroid-during-dinkinesh-flyby/ |title=NASA's Lucy Spacecraft Discovers 2nd Asteroid During Dinkinesh Flyby |date=2 November 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 |work=NASA }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Miller |first=Katrina |title=NASA's Lucy Mission Set Its Sights on 1 Asteroid. It Found 2. – On its way to the Trojan swarms, the spacecraft made a pit stop at a rock named Dinkinesh – and the images it sent back revealed that this asteroid has its own moon. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/science/nasa-lucy-mission-dinkinesh-asteroid.html |date=2 November 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231102214010/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/science/nasa-lucy-mission-dinkinesh-asteroid.html |archive-date=2 November 2023 |access-date=3 November 2023 }}
{{vanchor|5 November}} – A new record high efficiency of 33.9% is reported for a silicon-perovskite tandem solar cell. This also surpasses the Shockley-Quieser theoretical limit of 33.7% of single junction solar cells for the first time.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/solar-panel-world-record-perovskite-renewable-energy-b2444254.html |title=Solar panel world record smashed with 'miracle material' |date=9 November 2023 |access-date=9 November 2023 |work=The Independent}}
{{vanchor|6 November}} – Scientists release the first connectome of neuropeptide signaling in an animal nervous system (C. elegans).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Ripoll-Sánchez |first1=Lidia |last2=Watteyne |first2=Jan |last3=Sun |first3=HaoSheng |last4=Fernandez |first4=Robert |last5=Taylor |first5=Seth R. |last6=Weinreb |first6=Alexis |last7=Bentley |first7=Barry L. |last8=Hammarlund |first8=Marc |last9=Miller |first9=David M. |last10=Hobert |first10=Oliver |last11=Beets |first11=Isabel |last12=Vértes |first12=Petra E. |last13=Schafer |first13=William R. |title=The neuropeptidergic connectome of C. elegans|journal=Neuron |date=November 2023 |volume=111 |issue=22 |pages=3570–3589.e5 |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.043|doi-access=free|pmid=37935195 |pmc=7615469 }} On 1 November, a functional atlas of signal propagation in 23,433 pairs of neurons across the worm's head by direct optogenetic activation is published.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Randi |first1=Francesco |last2=Sharma |first2=Anuj K. |last3=Dvali |first3=Sophie |last4=Leifer |first4=Andrew M. |title=Neural signal propagation atlas of Caenorhabditis elegans |journal=Nature |date=November 2023 |volume=623 |issue=7986 |pages=406–414 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06683-4 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free|pmid=37914938 |pmc=10632145 |arxiv=2208.04790 |bibcode=2023Natur.623..406R }} On 17 November, the development of fluorescent neuropeptide sensors is reported.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Wang |first1=Huan |last2=Qian |first2=Tongrui |last3=Zhao |first3=Yulin |last4=Zhuo |first4=Yizhou |last5=Wu |first5=Chunling |last6=Osakada |first6=Takuya |last7=Chen |first7=Peng |last8=Chen |first8=Zijun |last9=Ren |first9=Huixia |last10=Yan |first10=Yuqi |last11=Geng |first11=Lan |last12=Fu |first12=Shengwei |last13=Mei |first13=Long |last14=Li |first14=Guochuan |last15=Wu |first15=Ling |last16=Jiang |first16=Yiwen |last17=Qian |first17=Weiran |last18=Zhang |first18=Li |last19=Peng |first19=Wanling |last20=Xu |first20=Min |last21=Hu |first21=Ji |last22=Jiang |first22=Man |last23=Chen |first23=Liangyi |last24=Tang |first24=Chao |last25=Zhu |first25=Yingjie |last26=Lin |first26=Dayu |last27=Zhou |first27=Jiang-Ning |last28=Li |first28=Yulong |title=A tool kit of highly selective and sensitive genetically encoded neuropeptide sensors |journal=Science |date=17 November 2023 |volume=382 |issue=6672 |pages=eabq8173 |doi=10.1126/science.abq8173 |pmid=37972184 |pmc=11205257 |bibcode=2023Sci...382q8173W |language=en |issn=0036-8075|biorxiv=10.1101/2022.03.26.485911|s2cid=265221583 }}
{{vanchor|7 November}} – A study finds that "catastrophic ecosystem collapse" of UK forests is likely within the next 50 years, due to a wide range of factors.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1006933 |title=Experts predict 'catastrophic ecosystem collapse' of UK forests within the next 50 years if action not taken |date=7 November 2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |publisher=University of Cambridge via EurekAlert!}}{{cite journal|last1=Tew|first1=Eleanor R|last2=Ambrose-Oji|first2=Bianca|last3=Beatty|first3=Malcolm|display-authors=et al.|title=A horizon scan of issues affecting UK forest management within 50 years|journal=Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research|date=8 November 2023|volume=97|issue=3|pages=349–362|doi=10.1093/forestry/cpad047|doi-access=free|hdl=10547/626127|hdl-access=free}}
{{vanchor|8 November}} – In 10 studies, researchers of the {{tooltip|Sc2.0 project|The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project "aims to re-design and chemically synthesize a designer version of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome"}} report yeast with a half-synthetic genome.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Leslie |first1=Mitch |title=Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/synthetic-yeast-project-unveils-cells-50-artificial-dna |access-date=16 February 2024 |work=Science.org}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Schindler |first1=Daniel |last2=Walker |first2=Roy S.K. |last3=Jiang |first3=Shuangying |last4=Brooks |first4=Aaron N. |last5=Wang |first5=Yun |last6=Müller |first6=Carolin A. |last7=Cockram |first7=Charlotte |last8=Luo |first8=Yisha |last9=García |first9=Alicia |last10=Schraivogel |first10=Daniel |last11=Mozziconacci |first11=Julien |last12=Pena |first12=Noah |last13=Assari |first13=Mahdi |last14=Sánchez Olmos |first14=María del Carmen |last15=Zhao |first15=Yu |last16=Ballerini |first16=Alba |last17=Blount |first17=Benjamin A. |last18=Cai |first18=Jitong |last19=Ogunlana |first19=Lois |last20=Liu |first20=Wei |last21=Jönsson |first21=Katarina |last22=Abramczyk |first22=Dariusz |last23=Garcia-Ruiz |first23=Eva |last24=Turowski |first24=Tomasz W. |last25=Swidah |first25=Reem |last26=Ellis |first26=Tom |last27=Pan |first27=Tao |last28=Antequera |first28=Francisco |last29=Shen |first29=Yue |last30=Nieduszynski |first30=Conrad A. |last31=Koszul |first31=Romain |last32=Dai |first32=Junbiao |last33=Steinmetz |first33=Lars M. |last34=Boeke |first34=Jef D. |last35=Cai |first35=Yizhi |title=Design, construction, and functional characterization of a tRNA neochromosome in yeast |journal=Cell |date=November 2023 |volume=186 |issue=24 |pages=5237–5253.e22 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.015|doi-access=free|pmid=37944512 |hdl=10261/347442 |hdl-access=free }}
{{vanchor|9 November}} – Surgeons report the first human eye transplant; the patient did not regain sight in the transplanted eye.{{#invoke:Cite |news |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/surgeons-new-york-announce-worlds-first-eye-transplant-2023-11-09/|title=Surgeons in New York announce world's first eye transplant|first=Nancy|last=Lapid|date=9 November 2023|access-date=9 November 2023|work=Reuters}}{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://nyulangone.org/news/nyu-langone-health-performs-worlds-first-whole-eye-partial-face-transplant |title=NYU Langone Health Performs World's First Whole-Eye & Partial-Face Transplant |date=9 November 2023 |access-date=10 November 2023 |work=NYU Langone Health}}
{{vanchor|10 November}} – A new scalable technique for carbon nanotube-based MOSFETs is demonstrated.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2023-11-carbon-nanotubebased-mosfets-doped-scalable.html |title=Carbon nanotube–based MOSFETs doped using a scalable technique |date=10 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |work=TechXplore}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Zichen |last2=Passlack |first2=Matthias |last3=Pitner |first3=Gregory |last4=Natani |first4=Shreyam |last5=Su |first5=Sheng-Kai |last6=Chao |first6=Tzu-Ang |last7=Liew |first7=San Lin |last8=Hou |first8=Vincent D.-H. |last9=Hsu |first9=Chen-Feng |last10=Shipley |first10=Wade E. |last11=Safron |first11=Nathaniel |last12=Doornbos |first12=Gerben |last13=Lee |first13=Tsung-En |last14=Radu |first14=Iuliana |last15=Kummel |first15=Andrew C. |last16=Bandaru |first16=Prabhakar |last17=Wong |first17=H.-S. Philip |title=Complementary carbon nanotube metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors with localized solid-state extension doping |journal=Nature Electronics |date=December 2023 |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=999–1008 |doi=10.1038/s41928-023-01047-2 |s2cid=264359009 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374845468 |language=en |issn=2520-1131|url-access=subscription}}
{{vanchor|13 November}}
White faces generated by artificial intelligence (AI) are perceived as more real than actual human faces while the same is not true for people of colour in a study.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |title=AI Hyperrealism: Why AI Faces Are Perceived as More Real Than Human Ones |date=13 November 2023 |journal= Psychological Science|doi=10.1177/09567976231207095 |last1=Miller |first1=Elizabeth J. |last2=Steward |first2=Ben A. |last3=Witkower |first3=Zak |last4=Sutherland |first4=Clare A. M. |last5=Krumhuber |first5=Eva G. |last6=Dawel |first6=Amy |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1390–1403 |pmid=37955384 |s2cid=265148334 |doi-access=free }}
A study proposes characteristics of human evolution underlie current global environmental problems, favoring groups of increased size and group-level cultural traits of greater environmental exploitation. Based on the hypothesis that the primary mechanism of evolutionary inheritance has shifted from genes to culture, it suggests cultural evolution patterns to date work against global collective solutions to Anthropocene challenges.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Waring |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Wood |first2=Zachary T. |last3=Szathmáry |first3=Eörs |title=Characteristic processes of human evolution caused the Anthropocene and may obstruct its global solutions |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |date=January 2024 |volume=379 |issue=1893 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2022.0259 |language=en |issn=0962-8436|doi-access=free|pmid=37952628 |pmc=10645123 }}
An umbrella review summarizes the research on benefits and risks associated with digital media use by youths, suggesting caregivers, policymakers and researchers should continue to move away from prevailing oversimplified recommendations to reduce screen time to instead focus on the types of screen use.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Sanders |first1=Taren |last2=Noetel |first2=Michael |last3=Parker |first3=Philip |last4=Del Pozo Cruz |first4=Borja |last5=Biddle |first5=Stuart |last6=Ronto |first6=Rimante |last7=Hulteen |first7=Ryan |last8=Parker |first8=Rhiannon |last9=Thomas |first9=George |last10=De Cocker |first10=Katrien |last11=Salmon |first11=Jo |last12=Hesketh |first12=Kylie |last13=Weeks |first13=Nicole |last14=Arnott |first14=Hugh |last15=Devine |first15=Emma |last16=Vasconcellos |first16=Roberta |last17=Pagano |first17=Rebecca |last18=Sherson |first18=Jamie |last19=Conigrave |first19=James |last20=Lonsdale |first20=Chris |title=An umbrella review of the benefits and risks associated with youths' interactions with electronic screens |journal=Nature Human Behaviour |date=January 2024 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=82–99 |doi=10.1038/s41562-023-01712-8 |pmid=37957284 |s2cid=265155159 |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HJ16PCC9K988MJ62Y95BJ3GD/file/01HJ16R4ASYPFA7REAMNXSXFWN.pdf |language=en |issn=2397-3374}}
{{vanchor|15 November}}
Geologists report that Iceland may face "decades" of volcanic instability, following a series of recent eruptions on the Reykjanes Peninsula, breaking an 800-year hiatus.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-67429872 |title=Iceland volcano: Peninsula faces 'decades' of instability |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |publisher=BBC News}}
3D printing of hair follicles on lab-grown skin is reported.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://news.rpi.edu/content/2023/11/15/scientists-3d-print-hair-follicles-lab-grown-skin |title=Scientists 3D-print hair follicles in lab-grown skin |date=15 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |work=Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute}}
{{vanchor|16 November}}
Casgevy, a world-first gene therapy that aims to cure sickle-cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia, is approved by the UK's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, becoming the first drug using CRISPR to be licensed.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-67435266|title=Casgevy: UK approves gene-editing drug for sickle cell|publisher=BBC News | access-date=16 November 2023 |date=16 November 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-authorises-world-first-gene-therapy-that-aims-to-cure-sickle-cell-disease-and-transfusion-dependent-thalassemia|title=MHRA authorises world-first gene therapy that aims to cure sickle-cell disease and transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia|website=Gov.uk | access-date=16 November 2023 |date=16 November 2023 }}
Scientists report first evidence that unfamiliar groups of nonhuman primates, particularly bonobos, are capable of cooperating with each other.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Zimmer |title=Scientists Find First Evidence That Groups of Apes Cooperate – Some bonobos are challenging the notion that humans are the only primates capable of group-to-group alliances. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/16/science/bonobos-cooperation-study.html |date=16 November 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231116194259/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/16/science/bonobos-cooperation-study.html |archive-date=16 November 2023 |access-date=17 November 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Samuni, Liran |display-authors=et al. |title=Cooperation across social borders in bonobos

|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg0844 |date=16 November 2023 |journal=Science |volume=382 |issue=6672 |pages=805–809 |doi=10.1126/science.adg0844 |pmid=37972165 |bibcode=2023Sci...382..805S |s2cid=265221570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231117125744/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg0844 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |access-date=17 November 2023 |url-access=subscription}}

The International Cryosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI) publishes its annual State of the Cryosphere Report. It warns of rapid, irreversible sea-level rise from Earth's ice sheets, which could potentially reach 12–20 metres in the coming centuries.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.pml.ac.uk/News/Major-new-report-confirms-just-2%C2%B0C-of-warming-will |title=Major new report confirms just 2 °C of warming will trigger irreversible global damage |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |work=Plymouth Marine Laboratory}}{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://iccinet.org/statecryo23/ |title=State of the Cryosphere Report 2023 |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |work=International Cryosphere Climate Initiative}}
{{vanchor|17 November}} – The global average temperature temporarily exceeds 2 °C above the pre-industrial average for the first time in recorded history.{{#invoke:Cite |web |title=Global temperature exceeds 2 °C above pre-industrial average on 17 November {{!}} Copernicus |url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-temperature-exceeds-2degc-above-pre-industrial-average-17-november |access-date=24 November 2023 |website=climate.copernicus.eu}}
{{vanchor|20 November}} – A study of censorship in science finds it to be often driven by scientists themselves, motivated by prosocial concerns or reputation protection.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Clark |first1=Cory J. |last2=Jussim |first2=Lee |last3=Frey |first3=Komi |last4=Stevens |first4=Sean T. |last5=al-Gharbi |first5=Musa |last6=Aquino |first6=Karl |last7=Bailey |first7=J. Michael |last8=Barbaro |first8=Nicole |last9=Baumeister |first9=Roy F. |last10=Bleske-Rechek |first10=April |last11=Buss |first11=David |last12=Ceci |first12=Stephen |last13=Del Giudice |first13=Marco |last14=Ditto |first14=Peter H. |last15=Forgas |first15=Joseph P. |last16=Geary |first16=David C. |last17=Geher |first17=Glenn |last18=Haider |first18=Sarah |last19=Honeycutt |first19=Nathan |last20=Joshi |first20=Hrishikesh |last21=Krylov |first21=Anna I. |last22=Loftus |first22=Elizabeth |last23=Loury |first23=Glenn |last24=Lu |first24=Louise |last25=Macy |first25=Michael |last26=Martin |first26=Chris C. |last27=McWhorter |first27=John |last28=Miller |first28=Geoffrey |last29=Paresky |first29=Pamela |last30=Pinker |first30=Steven |last31=Reilly |first31=Wilfred |last32=Salmon |first32=Catherine |last33=Stewart-Williams |first33=Steve |last34=Tetlock |first34=Philip E. |last35=Williams |first35=Wendy M. |last36=Wilson |first36=Anne E. |last37=Winegard |first37=Bo M. |last38=Yancey |first38=George |last39=von Hippel |first39=William |title=Prosocial motives underlie scientific censorship by scientists: A perspective and research agenda |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=28 November 2023 |volume=120 |issue=48 |pages=e2301642120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2301642120 |language=en |issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free|pmid=37983511 |pmc=10691350 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12001642C }}
{{vanchor|22 November}} – An autonomous excavator is demonstrated. Using sensors, the machine can generate 3D maps of a construction site, localising individual blocks and stones in order to build a wall.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Johns |first1=Ryan Luke |last2=Wermelinger |first2=Martin |last3=Mascaro |first3=Ruben |last4=Jud |first4=Dominic |last5=Hurkxkens |first5=Ilmar |last6=Vasey |first6=Lauren |last7=Chli |first7=Margarita |last8=Gramazio |first8=Fabio |last9=Kohler |first9=Matthias |last10=Hutter |first10=Marco |title=A framework for robotic excavation and dry stone construction using on-site materials |journal=Science Robotics |date=22 November 2023 |volume=8 |issue=84 |pages=eabp9758 |doi=10.1126/scirobotics.abp9758 |pmid=37992191 |s2cid=265352198 |language=en |issn=2470-9476}}
{{vanchor|23 November}}
Astrophysicists report the detection of "Amaterasu", the second highest-energy cosmic ray ever known, second only to the Oh-My-God particle of 1991. Amaterasu originated from the Local Void and its energy exceeded 240 exa-electron volts (EeV).{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/nov/24/amaterasu-extremely-high-energy-particle-detected-falling-to-earth |title='What the heck is going on?' Extremely high-energy particle detected falling to Earth |date=24 November 2023 |access-date=24 November 2023 |work=The Guardian}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Abbasi |first1=R. U. |last2=Allen |first2=M. G. |last3=Arimura |first3=R. |display-authors=et al.|arxiv=2311.14231 |title=An extremely energetic cosmic ray observed by a surface detector array |journal=Science |date=24 November 2023 |volume=382 |issue=6673 |pages=903–907 |doi=10.1126/science.abo5095 |pmid=37995237 |bibcode=2023Sci...382..903T |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}
Researchers report the {{tooltip|deep learning-based|They developed the new deep clustering algorithm FLSHclust that can "handle billions of proteins, enabling efficient analysis"}} discovery of nearly 200 functionally diverse natural machineries for CRISPR gene editing.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Altae-Tran |first1=Han |last2=Kannan |first2=Soumya |last3=Suberski |first3=Anthony J. |last4=Mears |first4=Kepler S. |last5=Demircioglu |first5=F. Esra |last6=Moeller |first6=Lukas |last7=Kocalar |first7=Selin |last8=Oshiro |first8=Rachel |last9=Makarova |first9=Kira S. |last10=Macrae |first10=Rhiannon K. |last11=Koonin |first11=Eugene V. |last12=Zhang |first12=Feng |title=Uncovering the functional diversity of rare CRISPR-Cas systems with deep terascale clustering |journal=Science |date=24 November 2023 |volume=382 |issue=6673 |pages=eadi1910 |doi=10.1126/science.adi1910 |pmid=37995242 |pmc=10910872 |bibcode=2023Sci...382.....A |s2cid=265381117 |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/153005/adi1910_ArticleContent_v7_RM_SK%5b98%5d%5b71%5d.pdf |language=en |issn=0036-8075}}
{{vanchor|26 November}} – Astronomers report evidence, for the first time, of an overmassive black hole galaxy (O.B.G.), the result of "heavy black hole seed formation from direct collapse", an alternative way of producing a black hole other than the collapse of a dead star. This discovery was found in studies of UHZ1, a very early galaxy containing a quasar, by the Chandra X-ray Observatory and James Webb Space Telescope.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=How to Create a Black Hole Out of Thin Air – Black holes were thought to arise from the collapse of dead stars. But a Webb telescope image showing the early universe hints at an alternative pathway. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/24/science/space/astronomy-black-holes.html |date=24 December 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231225230503/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/24/science/space/astronomy-black-holes.html |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=26 December 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Natarajan, Priyamvada |display-authors=et al. |title=First Detection of an Over-Massive Black Hole Galaxy UHZ1: Evidence for Heavy Black Hole Seed Formation from Direct Collapse |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2024 |volume=960 |issue=1 |pages=L1 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ad0e76 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2308.02654 |bibcode=2024ApJ...960L...1N }}
{{vanchor|29 November}}
Astronomers report the discovery of a star, HD 110067, that contains six sub-Neptune exoplanets with radii ranging from 1.94R⊕ to 2.85R⊕.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Lugue, R. |display-authors=et al. |title=A resonant sextuplet of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright star HD 110067 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06692-3 |date=29 November 2023 |journal=Nature |volume=623 |issue=7989 |pages=932–937 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06692-3 |pmid=38030780 |arxiv=2311.17775 |bibcode=2023Natur.623..932L |hdl=10023/28896 |s2cid=265498530 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231129185254/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06692-3 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |access-date=29 November 2023 }}
The first example of a planet-forming disk beyond the Milky Way galaxy is reported by astronomers using the ALMA in Chile. The system, designated as HH 1177, is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 160,000 light years away.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2318/?lang |title=Astronomers discover disc around star in another galaxy for the first time |date=29 November 2023 |access-date=2 December 2023 |work=ESO}}
{{vanchor|30 November}}
Researchers demonstrate multicellular microbots grown from a human cell, "anthrobots", that can move around in tissues in vitro.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Gumuskaya |first1=Gizem |last2=Srivastava |first2=Pranjal |last3=Cooper |first3=Ben G. |last4=Lesser |first4=Hannah |last5=Semegran |first5=Ben |last6=Garnier |first6=Simon |last7=Levin |first7=Michael |title=Motile Living Biobots Self-Construct from Adult Human Somatic Progenitor Seed Cells |journal=Advanced Science |date=January 2024 |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=e2303575 |doi=10.1002/advs.202303575 |language=en |issn=2198-3844|doi-access=free|pmid=38032125 |pmc=10811512 }}
A trial comparing a healthy vegan and a healthy omnivorous diet in identical twins finds the former to be substantially better according to cardiometabolic measures like LDL-C after 8 weeks.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Landry |first1=Matthew J. |last2=Ward |first2=Catherine P. |last3=Cunanan |first3=Kristen M. |last4=Durand |first4=Lindsay R. |last5=Perelman |first5=Dalia |last6=Robinson |first6=Jennifer L. |last7=Hennings |first7=Tayler |last8=Koh |first8=Linda |last9=Dant |first9=Christopher |last10=Zeitlin |first10=Amanda |last11=Ebel |first11=Emily R. |last12=Sonnenburg |first12=Erica D. |last13=Sonnenburg |first13=Justin L. |last14=Gardner |first14=Christopher D. |title=Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins: A Randomized Clinical Trial |journal=JAMA Network Open |date=30 November 2023 |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=e2344457 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44457 |issn=2574-3805|doi-access=free|pmid=38032644 |pmc=10690456 }}
{{vanchor|Innovations_November|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are reported}}: an efficient electrocaloric heat pump for sustainable cooling (16 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Li |first1=Junning |last2=Torelló |first2=Alvar |last3=Kovacova |first3=Veronika |last4=Prah |first4=Uros |last5=Aravindhan |first5=Ashwath |last6=Granzow |first6=Torsten |last7=Usui |first7=Tomoyasu |last8=Hirose |first8=Sakyo |last9=Defay |first9=Emmanuel |title=High cooling performance in a double-loop electrocaloric heat pump |journal=Science |date=17 November 2023 |volume=382 |issue=6672 |pages=801–805 |doi=10.1126/science.adi5477 |pmid=37972174 |bibcode=2023Sci...382..801L |hdl=2117/398413 |s2cid=265221555 |language=en |issn=0036-8075|hdl-access=free}} taste-tested bioreactor-grown cultured coffee (17 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Aisala |first1=Heikki |last2=Kärkkäinen |first2=Elviira |last3=Jokinen |first3=Iina |last4=Seppänen-Laakso |first4=Tuulikki |last5=Rischer |first5=Heiko |title=Proof of Concept for Cell Culture-Based Coffee |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry |date=29 November 2023 |volume=71 |issue=47 |pages=18478–18488 |doi=10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04503 |language=en |issn=0021-8561|doi-access=free|pmid=37972222 |pmc=10690795 |bibcode=2023JAFC...7118478A }} an autonomous laboratory for synthesis of inorganic powders, the A-Lab (29 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Szymanski |first1=Nathan J. |last2=Rendy |first2=Bernardus |last3=Fei |first3=Yuxing |last4=Kumar |first4=Rishi E. |last5=He |first5=Tanjin |last6=Milsted |first6=David |last7=McDermott |first7=Matthew J. |last8=Gallant |first8=Max |last9=Cubuk |first9=Ekin Dogus |last10=Merchant |first10=Amil |last11=Kim |first11=Haegyeom |last12=Jain |first12=Anubhav |last13=Bartel |first13=Christopher J. |last14=Persson |first14=Kristin |last15=Zeng |first15=Yan |last16=Ceder |first16=Gerbrand |title=An autonomous laboratory for the accelerated synthesis of novel materials |journal=Nature |date=December 2023 |volume=624 |issue=7990 |pages=86–91 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06734-w |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free|pmid=38030721 |pmc=10700133 |bibcode=2023Natur.624...86S }} a solar tower design using downdraft technology for hot and dry weather areas that could generate twice the electricity of solar updraft systems and operate at night, the Twin-Technology Solar System (TTSS) (30 Nov).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Abdelsalam |first1=Emad |last2=Almomani |first2=Fares |last3=Ibrahim |first3=Shadwa |title=An innovative twin-technology solar system design for electricity production |journal=Energy Reports |date=1 June 2024 |volume=11 |pages=153–163 |doi=10.1016/j.egyr.2023.11.027 |issn=2352-4847|doi-access=free|bibcode=2024EnRep..11..153A }}
{{vanchor|Therapeutics_November|text=Promising results of health and medical research are reported}}: phase 2-trialed Mazdutide against type-2 diabetes (9 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Bo |last2=Cheng |first2=Zhifeng |last3=Chen |first3=Ji |last4=Zhang |first4=Xin |last5=Liu |first5=Dexue |last6=Jiang |first6=Hongwei |last7=Ma |first7=Guoqing |last8=Wang |first8=Xiaoyun |last9=Gan |first9=Shenglian |last10=Sun |first10=Juan |last11=Jin |first11=Ping |last12=Yi |first12=Jianjun |last13=Shi |first13=Bimin |last14=Ma |first14=Jianhua |last15=Ye |first15=Shandong |last16=Wang |first16=Guixia |last17=Ji |first17=Linong |last18=Gu |first18=Xuejiang |last19=Yu |first19=Ting |last20=An |first20=Pei |last21=Deng |first21=Huan |last22=Li |first22=Haoyu |last23=Li |first23=Li |last24=Ma |first24=Qingyang |last25=Qian |first25=Lei |last26=Yang |first26=Wenying |title=Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial |journal=Diabetes Care |date=1 January 2024 |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=160–168 |doi=10.2337/dc23-1287|pmid=37943529 |pmc=10733643 }} phase 1-trialed lepodisiran against cardiovascular risk factor lipoprotein (12 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Nissen |first1=Steven E. |last2=Linnebjerg |first2=Helle |last3=Shen |first3=Xi |last4=Wolski |first4=Kathy |last5=Ma |first5=Xiaosu |last6=Lim |first6=Shufen |last7=Michael |first7=Laura F. |last8=Ruotolo |first8=Giacomo |last9=Gribble |first9=Grace |last10=Navar |first10=Ann Marie |last11=Nicholls |first11=Stephen J. |title=Lepodisiran, an Extended-Duration Short Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a): A Randomized Dose-Ascending Clinical Trial |journal=JAMA |date=5 December 2023 |volume=330 |issue=21 |pages=2075–2083 |doi=10.1001/jama.2023.21835 |pmid=37952254 |pmc=10641766 |issn=0098-7484}} rat-tested depot technology for sustained delivery of GLP-1 receptor agonists against the need for frequent injections (21 Nov).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=d'Aquino |first1=Andrea I. |last2=Maikawa |first2=Caitlin L. |last3=Nguyen |first3=Leslee T. |last4=Lu |first4=Katie |last5=Hall |first5=Ian A. |last6=Jons |first6=Carolyn K. |last7=Kasse |first7=Catherine M. |last8=Yan |first8=Jerry |last9=Prossnitz |first9=Alexander N. |last10=Chang |first10=Enmian |last11=Baker |first11=Sam W. |last12=Hovgaard |first12=Lars |last13=Steensgaard |first13=Dorte B. |last14=Andersen |first14=Hanne B. |last15=Simonsen |first15=Lotte |last16=Appel |first16=Eric A. |title=Use of a biomimetic hydrogel depot technology for sustained delivery of GLP-1 receptor agonists reduces burden of diabetes management |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |date=November 2023 |volume=4 |issue=11 |page=101292 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101292|pmid=37992687 |pmc=10694761 }}
{{vanchor|Hazards_November|text=Hazard research is published}}: a study indicates common food allergies are not benign but are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (9 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Keet |first1=Corinne |last2=McGowan |first2=Emily C. |last3=Jacobs |first3=David |last4=Post |first4=Wendy S. |last5=Richards |first5=Nathan E. |last6=Workman |first6=Lisa J. |last7=Platts-Mills |first7=Thomas A.E. |last8=Manichaikul |first8=Ani |last9=Wilson |first9=Jeffrey M. |title=IgE to common food allergens is associated with cardiovascular mortality in the National Health and Examination Survey and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis |journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology |date=February 2024 |volume=153 |issue=2 |pages=471–478.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.038 |pmid=37943208 |pmc=10922097 |s2cid=265066269 |url=https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(23)01251-4/fulltext|url-access=subscription}} in a commentary, scientists warn that to "reduce plastic pollution efficiently and economically, policy should prioritize regulating and reducing upstream production rather than downstream pollution cleanup" as "popularized by The Ocean Cleanup" (9 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Bergmann |first1=Melanie |last2=Arp |first2=Hans Peter H. |last3=Carney Almroth |first3=Bethanie |last4=Cowger |first4=Win |last5=Eriksen |first5=Marcus |last6=Dey |first6=Tridibesh |last7=Gündoğdu |first7=Sedat |last8=Helm |first8=Rebecca R. |last9=Krieger |first9=Anja |last10=Syberg |first10=Kristian |last11=Tekman |first11=Mine B. |last12=Thompson |first12=Richard C. |last13=Villarrubia-Gómez |first13=Patricia |last14=Warrier |first14=Anish Kumar |last15=Farrelly |first15=Trisia |title=Moving from symptom management to upstream plastics prevention: The fallacy of plastic cleanup technology |journal=One Earth |date=November 2023 |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=1439–1442 |doi=10.1016/j.oneear.2023.10.022|doi-access=free }} social unconnectedness confirmed as likely substantial mortality risk factor using UK Biobank data (10 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Foster |first1=Hamish M. E. |last2=Gill |first2=Jason M. R. |last3=Mair |first3=Frances S. |last4=Celis-Morales |first4=Carlos A. |last5=Jani |first5=Bhautesh D. |last6=Nicholl |first6=Barbara I. |last7=Lee |first7=Duncan |last8=O'Donnell |first8=Catherine A. |title=Social connection and mortality in UK Biobank: a prospective cohort analysis |journal=BMC Medicine |date=10 November 2023 |volume=21 |issue=1 |page=384 |doi=10.1186/s12916-023-03055-7 |issn=1741-7015|doi-access=free|pmid=37946218 |pmc=10637015 }} nanoplastic pollution and consumption identified as a likely Parkinson's disease risk factor (17 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Liu |first1=Zhiyong |last2=Sokratian |first2=Arpine |last3=Duda |first3=Addison M. |last4=Xu |first4=Enquan |last5=Stanhope |first5=Christina |last6=Fu |first6=Amber |last7=Strader |first7=Samuel |last8=Li |first8=Huizhong |last9=Yuan |first9=Yuan |last10=Bobay |first10=Benjamin G. |last11=Sipe |first11=Joana |last12=Bai |first12=Ketty |last13=Lundgaard |first13=Iben |last14=Liu |first14=Na |last15=Hernandez |first15=Belinda |last16=Bowes Rickman |first16=Catherine |last17=Miller |first17=Sara E. |last18=West |first18=Andrew B. |title=Anionic nanoplastic contaminants promote Parkinson's disease–associated α-synuclein aggregation |journal=Science Advances |date=17 November 2023 |volume=9 |issue=46 |pages=eadi8716 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.adi8716 |language=en |issn=2375-2548|doi-access=free|pmid=37976362 |pmc=10656074 |bibcode=2023SciA....9I8716L }} a review cautions "robust evidence has yet to emerge that [air treatment technologies] are effective at reducing respiratory or gastrointestinal infections in real world settings" (20 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Brainard |first1=Julii |last2=Jones |first2=Natalia R. |last3=Swindells |first3=Isabel Catalina |last4=Archer |first4=Elizabeth J. |last5=Kolyva |first5=Anastasia |last6=Letley |first6=Charlotte |last7=Pond |first7=Katharine |last8=Lake |first8=Iain R. |last9=Hunter |first9=Paul R. |title=Effectiveness of filtering or decontaminating air to reduce or prevent respiratory infections: A systematic review |journal=Preventive Medicine |date=1 December 2023 |volume=177 |page=107774 |doi=10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107774 |issn=0091-7435|doi-access=free|pmid=37992976 }} a content analysis of packaging marketing of infant and toddler foods in supermarkets suggests protection of young children's diets from harmful influence of food marketing is needed (28 Nov),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Chung |first1=Alexandra |last2=Myers |first2=Judith |last3=Skouteris |first3=Helen |last4=Backholer |first4=Kathryn |title=Front-of-pack marketing on infant and toddler foods: Targeting children and their caregivers |journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health |date=1 December 2023 |volume=47 |issue=6 |page=100101 |doi=10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100101 |pmid=38030442 |issn=1326-0200|doi-access=free }} a preprint suggests some large language models have an 'extractable memorization' flaw by which training data can be extracted at affordable costs by queries (28 Nov).{{cite arXiv|title=Scalable Extraction of Training Data from (Production) Language Models|eprint=2311.17035|last1=Nasr|first1=Milad|last2=Carlini|first2=Nicholas|last3=Hayase|first3=Jonathan|last4=Jagielski|first4=Matthew|last5=Feder Cooper|first5=A.|last6=Ippolito|first6=Daphne|last7=Choquette-Choo|first7=Christopher A.|last8=Wallace|first8=Eric|last9=Tramèr|first9=Florian |last10=Lee |first10=Katherine|date=2023|class=cs.LG}}

=December=

{{vanchor|6 December}}
Scientists, for the first time, report a recently discovered area on the current planet Earth, particularly in the Puna de Atacama territory of South America, which may be similar to ancient Earth, and the related environment of the first life forms on Earth – as well as – similar to possibly hospitable conditions on the planet Mars during earlier Martian times.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Strain |first=Daniel |title=Deep within an inhospitable desert, a window to first life on Earth |url=https://www.colorado.edu/today/2023/12/06/deep-within-inhospitable-desert-window-first-life-earth |date=6 December 2023 |publisher=University of Colorado |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231230225404/https://www.colorado.edu/today/2023/12/06/deep-within-inhospitable-desert-window-first-life-earth |archive-date=30 December 2023 |access-date=30 December 2023 }}
Google DeepMind announces its Gemini multimodal language model, which it claims has advanced "reasoning capabilities" and can outperform GPT-4 on a variety of tasks.{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://blog.google/technology/ai/google-gemini-ai/|title=Introducing Gemini: our largest and most capable AI model|date=6 December 2023|website=Google}}{{#invoke:Cite |web |url=https://deepmind.google/technologies/gemini/|title=Gemini – Google DeepMind|website=deepmind.google|date=14 May 2024 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-67630454|title=Google claims new Gemini AI 'thinks more carefully'|date=6 December 2023|publisher=BBC}}{{cite arXiv|title=Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models|eprint=2312.11805|last1=Team|first1=Gemini|last2=Anil|first2=Rohan|last3=Borgeaud|first3=Sebastian|last4=Wu|first4=Yonghui|last5=Alayrac|first5=Jean-Baptiste|last6=Yu|first6=Jiahui|last7=Soricut|first7=Radu|last8=Schalkwyk|first8=Johan|last9=Dai|first9=Andrew M. |last10=Hauth |first10=Anja|last11=Millican|first11=Katie|last12=Silver|first12=David|last13=Petrov|first13=Slav|last14=Johnson|first14=Melvin|last15=Antonoglou|first15=Ioannis|last16=Schrittwieser|first16=Julian|last17=Glaese|first17=Amelia|last18=Chen|first18=Jilin|last19=Pitler|first19=Emily |last20=Lillicrap |first20=Timothy|last21=Lazaridou|first21=Angeliki|last22=Firat|first22=Orhan|last23=Molloy|first23=James|last24=Isard|first24=Michael|last25=Barham|first25=Paul R.|last26=Hennigan|first26=Tom|last27=Lee|first27=Benjamin|last28=Viola|first28=Fabio|last29=Reynolds|first29=Malcolm |last30=Xu |first30=Yuanzhong|date=2023|class=cs.CL|display-authors=1}}
{{vanchor|7 December}}
A gene therapy based on three transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 (OSK), is shown to provide sustained vision recovery in mice affected by glaucoma.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |title=Sustained Vision Recovery by OSK Gene Therapy in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma|date=7 December 2023|journal=Cellular Reprogramming|doi=10.1089/cell.2023.0074 |last1=Karg |first1=Margarete M. |last2=Lu |first2=Yuancheng Ryan |last3=Refaian |first3=Nasrin |last4=Cameron |first4=James |last5=Hoffmann |first5=Emma |last6=Hoppe |first6=Cindy |last7=Shirahama |first7=Shintaro |last8=Shah |first8=Madhura |last9=Krasniqi |first9=Drenushe |last10=Krishnan |first10=Anitha |last11=Shrestha |first11=Maleeka |last12=Guo |first12=Yinjie |last13=Cermak |first13=Jennifer M. |last14=Walthier |first14=Michel |last15=Broniowska |first15=Kasia |last16=Rosenzweig-Lipson |first16=Sharon |last17=Gregory-Ksander |first17=Meredith |last18=Sinclair |first18=David A. |last19=Ksander |first19=Bruce R. |volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=288–299 |pmid=38060815 |pmc=10739681 |s2cid=266122553 }}
Physicists report future proposed plans for the next ten years. These proposals are intended to help better understand some of the current concerns of particle physics, including challenges to the Standard Model, and involve studies primarily dealing with gravity, black holes, dark matter, dark energy, Higgs boson, muons, neutrinos, and more.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Overbye |first1=Dennis |last2=Miller |first2=Katrina |title=Particle Physicists Offer a Road Map for the Next Decade – A "muon shot" aims to study the basic forces of the cosmos. But meager federal budgets could limit its ambitions. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/07/science/particle-physics-muon-collider.html |date=7 December 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231207183037/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/07/science/particle-physics-muon-collider.html |archive-date=7 December 2023 |access-date=8 December 2023 }}
Quantum entanglement of molecules is achieved for the first time.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Physicists 'entangle' individual molecules for the first time, hastening possibilities for quantum computing |url=https://phys.org/news/2023-12-physicists-entangle-individual-molecules-hastening.html |date=7 December 2023 |work=Phys.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231208152543/https://phys.org/news/2023-12-physicists-entangle-individual-molecules-hastening.html |archive-date=8 December 2023 |access-date=8 December 2023 }}
A comprehensive review of ancient carbon dioxide levels and corresponding temperatures is published by a consortium of more than 80 researchers from 16 nations. Their study finds that current levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are the highest in at least 14 million years, much longer ago than some existing assessments indicate.{{cite journal|last1=Hönisch|first1=Bärbel|last2=Royer|first2=Dana L.|last3=Breecker|first3=Daniel O.|display-authors=et al.|title=Toward a Cenozoic history of atmospheric CO 2|journal=Science|date=8 December 2023|volume=382|issue=6675|pages=eadi5177|doi=10.1126/science.adi5177|pmid=38060645|language=en|issn=0036-8075|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/486245/1/combinepdf.pdf}}
{{vanchor|11 December}} – Researchers demonstrate the use of biological-electronic hybrid Organoid Intelligence, 'Brainoware' {{see above|1 March}}, for speech recognition.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Cai |first1=Hongwei |last2=Ao |first2=Zheng |last3=Tian |first3=Chunhui |last4=Wu |first4=Zhuhao |last5=Liu |first5=Hongcheng |last6=Tchieu |first6=Jason |last7=Gu |first7=Mingxia |last8=Mackie |first8=Ken |last9=Guo |first9=Feng |title=Brain organoid reservoir computing for artificial intelligence |journal=Nature Electronics |date=December 2023 |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=1032–1039 |doi=10.1038/s41928-023-01069-w |s2cid=266278255 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376413285 |language=en |issn=2520-1131|url-access=subscription}}
{{vanchor|12 December}} – Asteroid 319 Leona occults the bright star Betelgeuse for about 12 seconds as viewed on a narrow path from China to Mexico.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Sigismondi |first=Costantino |title=The occultation of Betelgeuse by Leona: recovering the stellar surface brightness of a red supergiant, with a diffuse telescope, on Dec 12 1:12 UT |url=https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=16374 |date=9 December 2023 |work=The Astronomer's Telegram |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231212022447/https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=16374 |archive-date=12 December 2023 |access-date=14 December 2023 }}
{{vanchor|13 December}}
Scientists report that the contents of the sample-return mission of the OSIRIS-REx mission to asteroid Bennu revealed organic molecules as well as unknown materials which require more study to have a better idea of their composition and makeup.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Kuthunur |first=Sharmila |title='What is that material?': Potentially hazardous asteroid Bennu stumps scientists with its odd makeup – Scientists found signs of organic molecules in the first samples of potentially hazardous asteroid Bennu, as well as a 'head scratching' material that has yet to be identified. |url=https://www.livescience.com/space/space-exploration/what-is-that-material-potentially-hazardous-asteroid-bennu-stumps-scientists-with-its-odd-makeup |date=13 December 2023 |work=LiveScience |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231214014121/https://www.livescience.com/space/space-exploration/what-is-that-material-potentially-hazardous-asteroid-bennu-stumps-scientists-with-its-odd-makeup |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=13 December 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Rabie |first=Passant |title=It's Been 2 Months. Why Can't NASA Open the Asteroid Sample Container? – The space agency is having to develop new tools to crack open the canister containing bits from asteroid Bennu |url=https://gizmodo.com/nasa-osiris-rex-asteroid-samples-bennu-stuck-container-1851102598 |date=15 December 2023 |work=Gizmodo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231215230642/https://gizmodo.com/nasa-osiris-rex-asteroid-samples-bennu-stuck-container-1851102598 |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=16 December 2023 }}
The smallest known brown dwarf, weighing just three to four times the mass of Jupiter, is discovered in star cluster IC 348 by astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=NASA's Webb Identifies Tiniest Free-Floating Brown Dwarf |url=https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-identifies-tiniest-free-floating-brown-dwarf/ |date=13 December 2023 |work=NASA |access-date=16 December 2023 }}

File:1940-2023 Global surface temperature - stacked - Copernicus.jpg

{{vanchor|14 December}}
Scientists report that genes inherited by modern humans from Neanderthals and Denisovans may biologically influence the daily routine of modern humans, specifically their chronotype.{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Zimmer |title=Morning Person? You Might Have Neanderthal Genes to Thank. – Hundreds of genetic variants carried by Neanderthals and Denisovans are shared by people who like to get up early. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/14/science/neanderthal-sleep-morning-people.html |date=14 December 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231214070730/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/14/science/neanderthal-sleep-morning-people.html |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=14 December 2023 }}{{cite journal|last1=Velazquez-Arcelay|first1=Keila|last2=Colbran|first2=Laura L|last3=McArthur|first3=Evonne|last4=Brand|first4=Colin M|last5=Rinker|first5=David C|last6=Siemann|first6=Justin K|last7=McMahon|first7=Douglas G|last8=Capra|first8=John A|title=Archaic Introgression Shaped Human Circadian Traits|journal=Genome Biology and Evolution|date=1 December 2023|volume=15|issue=12|pages=evad203|doi=10.1093/gbe/evad203|doi-access=free|pmid=38095367|pmc=10719892}}
Astronomers report the first time discovery, in the plumes of Enceladus, moon of the planet Saturn, of hydrogen cyanide, a possible chemical essential for life as we know it, as well as other organic molecules, some of which are yet to be better identified and understood. According to the researchers, "these [newly discovered] compounds could potentially support extant microbial communities or drive complex organic synthesis leading to the origin of life."{{#invoke:Cite |news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Poison Gas Hints at Potential for Life on an Ocean Moon of Saturn – A researcher who has studied the icy world said "the prospects for the development of life are getting better and better on Enceladus." |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/14/science/enceladus-moon-cyanide-life-saturn.html |date=14 December 2023 |work=The New York Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231214210144/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/14/science/enceladus-moon-cyanide-life-saturn.html |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=15 December 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |author=Peter, Jonah S. |display-authors=et al. |title=Detection of HCN and diverse redox chemistry in the plume of Enceladus |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-023-02160-0 |date=14 December 2023 |journal=Nature Astronomy |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=164–173 |doi=10.1038/s41550-023-02160-0 |arxiv=2301.05259 |bibcode=2024NatAs...8..164P |s2cid=255825649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231215144349/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-023-02160-0 |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=15 December 2023 }}
{{vanchor|15 December}} – Google DeepMind claims to have made the first ever scientific discovery with an AI chatbot by building a fact-checker to filter out useless outputs, leaving useful solutions to mathematical or computing problems.{{#invoke:Cite |web |last=Geschwindt |first=Siôn |date=15 December 2023 |title=DeepMind's AI finds new solution to decades-old math puzzle |url=https://thenextweb.com/news/deepminds-ai-finds-solution-to-decades-old-math-problem |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=TNW {{!}} Deep-Tech |language=en}}
19 December – COVID-19: The World Health Organization designates JN.1, part of the BA.2.86 SARS-CoV-2 lineage, as its own variant of interest. This follows a recent, rapid rise in case numbers around the world.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=WHO designates JN.1 as separate COVID-19 variant of interest |url=https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/who-designates-jn1-separate-covid-19-variant-interest |date=19 December 2023 |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=20 December 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=NEW: COVID19 variant of interest JN.1 |url=https://worldhealthorganizationdepartmentofcommunications.cmail20.com/t/d-e-vkkjyud-jyyhcddb-f/ |date=19 December 2023 |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=20 December 2023 }}
{{vanchor|20 December}}
A new class of antibiotic candidates, able to kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is identified using deep learning.{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Using AI, MIT researchers identify a new class of antibiotic candidates |url=https://news.mit.edu/2023/using-ai-mit-researchers-identify-antibiotic-candidates-1220 |date=20 December 2023 |work=MIT |access-date=30 December 2023 }}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Wong |first1=Felix |last2=Zheng |first2=Erica J. |last3=Valeri |first3=Jacqueline A. |last4=Donghia |first4=Nina M. |last5=Anahtar |first5=Melis N. |last6=Omori |first6=Satotaka |last7=Li |first7=Alicia |last8=Cubillos-Ruiz |first8=Andres |last9=Krishnan |first9=Aarti |last10=Jin |first10=Wengong |last11=Manson |first11=Abigail L. |last12=Friedrichs |first12=Jens |last13=Helbig |first13=Ralf |last14=Hajian |first14=Behnoush |last15=Fiejtek |first15=Dawid K. |last16=Wagner |first16=Florence F. |last17=Soutter |first17=Holly H. |last18=Earl |first18=Ashlee M. |last19=Stokes |first19=Jonathan M. |last20=Renner |first20=Lars D. |last21=Collins |first21=James J. |title=Discovery of a structural class of antibiotics with explainable deep learning |journal=Nature |date=February 2024 |volume=626 |issue=7997 |pages=177–185 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06887-8 |pmid=38123686 |pmc=10866013 |bibcode=2024Natur.626..177W |url=https://www.mit.edu/~wongf/papers/Discovery%20of%20a%20structural%20class%20of%20antibiotics%20with%20explainable%20deep%20learning.pdf |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}
An experimental study reports online search to evaluate the truthfulness of false news articles increases the probability of believing them, especially for those for whom search engines return lower-quality information. It suggests media literacy programs with tested strategies and solutions for identified search engines issues are needed.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Aslett |first1=Kevin |last2=Sanderson |first2=Zeve |last3=Godel |first3=William |last4=Persily |first4=Nathaniel |last5=Nagler |first5=Jonathan |last6=Tucker |first6=Joshua A. |title=Online searches to evaluate misinformation can increase its perceived veracity |journal=Nature |date=January 2024 |volume=625 |issue=7995 |pages=548–556 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06883-y |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free|pmid=38123685 |pmc=10794132 |bibcode=2024Natur.625..548A }}
{{vanchor|28 December}} – A new model of the largest neutron stars finds an 80–90% chance that they contain quark-matter cores.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Annala |first1=Eemeli |last2=Gorda |first2=Tyler |last3=Hirvonen |first3=Joonas |last4=Komoltsev |first4=Oleg |last5=Kurkela |first5=Aleksi |last6=Nättilä |first6=Joonas |last7=Vuorinen |first7=Aleksi |title=Strongly interacting matter exhibits deconfined behavior in massive neutron stars |journal=Nature Communications |date=19 December 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=8451 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44051-y |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free|pmid=38114461 |pmc=10730725 |arxiv=2303.11356 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.8451A }}
{{vanchor|29 December}} – A metascience study {{tooltip|estimates|It uses "publication data from WoS, OA status from Unpaywall, and annual APC prices from open data sets and historical fees retrieved via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine"}} the total amount of article processing charges paid to publish with open access in journals controlled by {{tooltip|the five large commercial publishers|Elsevier, Sage, Springer Nature, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley}} from 2015–2018 to be $1.06 billion.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Butler |first1=Leigh-Ann |last2=Matthias |first2=Lisa |last3=Simard |first3=Marc-André |last4=Mongeon |first4=Philippe |last5=Haustein |first5=Stefanie |title=The oligopoly's shift to open access: How the big five academic publishers profit from article processing charges |journal=Quantitative Science Studies |date=29 December 2023 |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=778–799 |doi=10.1162/qss_a_00272|doi-access=free|hdl=1866/32063 |hdl-access=free }} On 12 December, it is reported that the number of paper retractions has hit a new record of over 10,000 in 2023, with around 80% coming from journals owned by Hindawi, mostly special issues overseen by guest editors.{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Van Noorden |first1=Richard |title=More than 10,000 research papers were retracted in 2023 – a new record |url=https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-023-03974-8/d41586-023-03974-8.pdf |access-date=17 February 2024 |journal=Nature |date=12 December 2023 |volume=624 |issue=7992 |pages=479–481 |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-023-03974-8|pmid=38087103 |bibcode=2023Natur.624..479V |s2cid=266223634 }}
{{vanchor|Innovations_December|text=Promising innovations relating to global challenges are reported}}: a flying firehose robot, the Dragon Firefighter (22 Dec),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Yamauchi |first1=Yu |last2=Maezawa |first2=Yukihiro |last3=Ambe |first3=Yuichi |last4=Konyo |first4=Masashi |last5=Tadakuma |first5=Kenjiro |last6=Tadokoro |first6=Satoshi |title=Development of a remotely controllable 4 m long aerial-hose-type firefighting robot |journal=Frontiers in Robotics and AI |date=2023 |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/frobt.2023.1273676 |issn=2296-9144|doi-access=free|pmid=38187476 |pmc=10770852 }} completion of the first functional 105 meters tall more-modular Modvion wooden wind turbine is reported (28 Dec).{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=World's tallest wooden wind turbine starts turning |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67718719 |publisher=BBC |date=28 December 2023}}
{{vanchor|Therapeutics_December|text=Promising results of health and medical research are reported}}: news reports about a portable EEG helmet with significant accuracy of decoding thought words to text, DeWave (12 Dec),{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=Mind-reading AI can translate brainwaves into written text |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2408019-mind-reading-ai-can-translate-brainwaves-into-written-text/ |access-date=17 February 2024 |work=New Scientist}}{{cite arXiv|title=DeWave: Discrete EEG Waves Encoding for Brain Dynamics to Text Translation|eprint=2309.14030|last1=Duan|first1=Yiqun|last2=Zhou|first2=Jinzhao|last3=Wang|first3=Zhen|last4=Wang|first4=Yu-Kai|last5=Lin|first5=Chin-Teng|date=2023|class=cs.HC}} carrots against cancer-risk (17 Dec).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Ojobor |first1=Charles C. |last2=O'Brien |first2=Gerard M. |last3=Siervo |first3=Mario |last4=Ogbonnaya |first4=Chibueze |last5=Brandt |first5=Kirsten |title=Carrot intake is consistently negatively associated with cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies |journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition |date=17 December 2023 |volume=65 |issue=5 |pages=1009–1021 |doi=10.1080/10408398.2023.2287176 |language=en |issn=1040-8398|doi-access=free|pmid=38104588 }}
{{vanchor|Hazards_December|text=Hazard research is published}}: the annual Global Carbon Budget study finds fossil {{CO2}} emissions are still rising when if they stayed the same, the 50% likelihood to limit global warming to 1.5 °C would be exceeded around 2031 (5 Dec),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Friedlingstein |first1=Pierre |last2=O'Sullivan |first2=Michael |last3=Jones |first3=Matthew W. |last4=Andrew |first4=Robbie M. |last5=Bakker |first5=Dorothee C. E. |display-authors=et al. |title=Global Carbon Budget 2023 |journal=Earth System Science Data |date=5 December 2023 |volume=15 |issue=12 |pages=5301–5369 |doi=10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023 |language=English |issn=1866-3508|doi-access=free|hdl=10871/134742 |hdl-access=free }} the genetic testing company 23andMe confirms that the genetic privacy of around 7 million customers has been violated in the 23andMe data leak (5 Dec),{{#invoke:Cite |news |last1=Lyngaas |first1=Sean |title=Hackers access profiles of nearly 7 million 23andMe customers |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/12/05/tech/hackers-access-7-million-23andme-profiles/index.html |access-date=18 February 2024 |publisher=CNN|date=5 December 2023 |language=en}} a study using plasma proteomics aging clocks suggests nearly 20% of the population may show strongly accelerated age in one of 11 major organs, which it links to higher mortality risk (6 Dec),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Oh |first1=Hamilton Se-Hwee |last2=Rutledge |first2=Jarod |last3=Nachun |first3=Daniel |last4=Pálovics |first4=Róbert |last5=Abiose |first5=Olamide |last6=Moran-Losada |first6=Patricia |last7=Channappa |first7=Divya |last8=Urey |first8=Deniz Yagmur |last9=Kim |first9=Kate |last10=Sung |first10=Yun Ju |last11=Wang |first11=Lihua |last12=Timsina |first12=Jigyasha |last13=Western |first13=Dan |last14=Liu |first14=Menghan |last15=Kohlfeld |first15=Pat |last16=Budde |first16=John |last17=Wilson |first17=Edward N. |last18=Guen |first18=Yann |last19=Maurer |first19=Taylor M. |last20=Haney |first20=Michael |last21=Yang |first21=Andrew C. |last22=He |first22=Zihuai |last23=Greicius |first23=Michael D. |last24=Andreasson |first24=Katrin I. |last25=Sathyan |first25=Sanish |last26=Weiss |first26=Erica F. |last27=Milman |first27=Sofiya |last28=Barzilai |first28=Nir |last29=Cruchaga |first29=Carlos |last30=Wagner |first30=Anthony D. |last31=Mormino |first31=Elizabeth |last32=Lehallier |first32=Benoit |last33=Henderson |first33=Victor W. |last34=Longo |first34=Frank M. |last35=Montgomery |first35=Stephen B. |last36=Wyss-Coray |first36=Tony |title=Organ aging signatures in the plasma proteome track health and disease |journal=Nature |date=December 2023 |volume=624 |issue=7990 |pages=164–172 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06802-1 |language=en |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free|pmid=38057571 |pmc=10700136 |bibcode=2023Natur.624..164O }} cumulative loneliness in mid-to-later life, a growing public health concern, is confirmed as potential substantial excess mortality risk factor with U.S. data (11 Dec),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Yu |first1=Xuexin |last2=Cho |first2=Tsai-Chin |last3=Westrick |first3=Ashly C. |last4=Chen |first4=Chen |last5=Langa |first5=Kenneth M. |last6=Kobayashi |first6=Lindsay C. |title=Association of cumulative loneliness with all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 1996 to 2019 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=19 December 2023 |volume=120 |issue=51 |pages=e2306819120 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2306819120 |doi-access=free |pmid=38079549 |pmc=10743490 |bibcode=2023PNAS..12006819Y |language=en |issn=0027-8424}} news outlets report on a study (13 Oct) finding ~82% of fish samples from two Michigan watersheds exceed daily consumption limit for adults of total PFOS (12 Dec),{{#invoke:Cite |news |title=PFAS 'Forever Chemicals' Found in Freshwater Fish, Yet Most States Don't Warn Residents |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pfas-forever-chemicals-found-in-freshwater-fish-yet-most-states-dont-warn-residents/ |access-date=18 February 2024 |work=Scientific American |language=en}}{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Capozzi |first1=Staci L. |last2=Xia |first2=Chunjie |last3=Shuwal |first3=Matthew |last4=Zaharias Miller |first4=Gillian |last5=Gearhart |first5=Jeff |last6=Bloom |first6=Erica |last7=Gehrenkemper |first7=Lennart |last8=Venier |first8=Marta |title=From watersheds to dinner plates: Evaluating PFAS exposure through fish consumption in Southeast Michigan |journal=Chemosphere |date=1 December 2023 |volume=345 |page=140454 |doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140454 |pmid=37839751 |bibcode=2023Chmsp.34540454C |s2cid=264118540 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653523027248 |issn=0045-6535|url-access=subscription}} a study robustifies the link between women's preconception exposure to phthalates and lower fecundability, changes in reproductive hormones, and increased inflammation using EAGeR trial data (13 Dec),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Nobles |first1=Carrie J. |last2=Mendola |first2=Pauline |last3=Kim |first3=Keewan |last4=Pollack |first4=Anna Z. |last5=Mumford |first5=Sunni L. |last6=Perkins |first6=Neil J. |last7=Silver |first7=Robert M. |last8=Schisterman |first8=Enrique F. |title=Preconception Phthalate Exposure and Women's Reproductive Health: Pregnancy, Pregnancy Loss, and Underlying Mechanisms |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |date=December 2023 |volume=131 |issue=12 |doi=10.1289/EHP12287 |language=en |issn=0091-6765|doi-access=free|pmid=38088888 |pmc=10718297 |bibcode=2023EnvHP.131l7013N }} a study of meal timing using French NutriNet-Santé data indicates longer nighttime fasting periods may be superior to breakfast skipping in intermittent fasting (14 Dec),{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Palomar-Cros |first1=Anna |last2=Andreeva |first2=Valentina A. |last3=Fezeu |first3=Léopold K. |last4=Julia |first4=Chantal |last5=Bellicha |first5=Alice |last6=Kesse-Guyot |first6=Emmanuelle |last7=Hercberg |first7=Serge |last8=Romaguera |first8=Dora |last9=Kogevinas |first9=Manolis |last10=Touvier |first10=Mathilde |last11=Srour |first11=Bernard |title=Dietary circadian rhythms and cardiovascular disease risk in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort |journal=Nature Communications |date=14 December 2023 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=7899 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-43444-3 |language=en |issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free|pmid=38097547 |pmc=10721609 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.7899P }} one of the first horizon scan risk screening studies by region on invasive species threats identifies 40 high-risk potential invaders to Florida (14 Dec).{{#invoke:Cite |journal |last1=Lieurance |first1=Deah |last2=Canavan |first2=Susan |last3=Behringer |first3=Donald C. |last4=Kendig |first4=Amy E. |last5=Minteer |first5=Carey R. |last6=Reisinger |first6=Lindsey S. |last7=Romagosa |first7=Christina M. |last8=Flory |first8=S. Luke |last9=Lockwood |first9=Julie L. |last10=Anderson |first10=Patti J. |last11=Baker |first11=Shirley M. |last12=Bojko |first12=Jamie |last13=Bowers |first13=Kristen E. |last14=Canavan |first14=Kim |last15=Carruthers |first15=Kelly |last16=Daniel |first16=Wesley M. |last17=Gordon |first17=Doria R. |last18=Hill |first18=Jeffrey E. |last19=Howeth |first19=Jennifer G. |last20=Iannone |first20=Basil V. |last21=Jennings |first21=Lucas |last22=Gettys |first22=Lyn A. |last23=Kariuki |first23=Eutychus M. |last24=Kunzer |first24=John M. |last25=Laughinghouse |first25=H. Dail |last26=Mandrak |first26=Nicholas E. |last27=McCann |first27=Sara |last28=Morawo |first28=Tolulope |last29=Morningstar |first29=Cayla R. |last30=Neilson |first30=Matthew |last31=Petri |first31=Tabitha |last32=Pfingsten |first32=Ian A. |last33=Reed |first33=Robert N. |last34=Walters |first34=Linda J. |last35=Wanamaker |first35=Christian |title=Identifying invasive species threats, pathways, and impacts to improve biosecurity |journal=Ecosphere |date=December 2023 |volume=14 |issue=12 |doi=10.1002/ecs2.4711 |language=en |issn=2150-8925|doi-access=free|bibcode=2023Ecosp..14E4711L }}

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